Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5909 1581993 1308105 2026-07-26T20:42:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Lushoto.GIF|thumb|250px|[[Ramani]] ya mahali pa wilaya ya Lushoto katika [[mkoa wa Tanga]]]] '''Wilaya ya Lushoto''' ni kati ya wilaya 11 za [[Mkoa wa Tanga]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Wilaya ya Lushoto ni sehemu ya milima ya [[Usambara]]. Inapakana na [[Wilaya ya Muheza]] na nchi ya [[Kenya]] upande wa kaskazini. Upande wa mashariki-kusini imepakana na Wilaya ya Korogwe. Upande wa magharibi imepakana na [[Wilaya ya Korogwe]] na [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]. Mwaka 2012 ilikuwa na wakazi 492,441 walioishi katika kata 43 za wilaya hii. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 350,958 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref> katika tarafa 4, kata 29 na vijiji 118. Wenyeji asilia ni [[Wasambaa]] na [[Wambugu]]. ==Utawala== Wilaya imegawanyika katika tarafa nane za Lushoto, Soni , Bumbuli, Mgwashi, Mlola, Mlalo, Mtae na Umba na kata 44. ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.habarileo.co.tz/makala/index.php?id=11057 Habari za jimbo la uchaguzi la Bumbuli katika wilaya ya Lushoto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.habarileo.co.tz/makala/index.php?id=11057 |date=20211015234958 }} *[http://www.habarileo.co.tz/biasharaFedha/index.php?id=10125 Vivutio vya utalii katika Lushoto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.habarileo.co.tz/biasharaFedha/index.php?id=10125 |date=20211015231151 }} *[http://www.lushotodc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5a0/b0a/548/5a0b0a5485966968107954.pdf Lushoto District Council - District social -economic profile, 2016] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lushotodc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5a0/b0a/548/5a0b0a5485966968107954.pdf |date=20201009023322 }} {{Kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Lushoto}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tanga|L]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Lushoto| ]] pqcpnay0wdptme18vy21en9haprk0lx 14 15765 1582037 117837 2026-07-27T09:04:42Z Justine Msechu 45962 1582037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Usafiri]] [[Jamii:Treni za chini ya ardhi]] 9tcdahrr394la0f47835ne3922r059e 1582041 1582037 2026-07-27T09:07:22Z Justine Msechu 45962 1582041 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Usafiri]] g2v3fb5ku3ppz8712hg359pdblw6brq 0 17393 1581928 1567192 2026-07-26T12:46:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Tabora |picha_ya_satelite = |pushpin_map = Tanzania |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Tabora katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[:Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Tabora|Tabora]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 308741 |latd=5 |latm=0 |lats=36 |latNS=S |longd=32 |longm=49 |longs=12 |longEW=E |website = }} [[Picha:Bundesarchiv_Bild_105-DOA0726,_Deutsch-Ostafrika,_Tabora,_Landschaftsbild.jpg|thumb|Mazingira ya Tabora wakati wa mchana katika karne ya 19.]] '''Tabora''' {{Audio-IPA|Tabora.ogg|matamshi}} ni [[mji]] wa [[historia|kihistoria]] wa [[Tanzania]] ya Kati na [[makao makuu]] ya [[mkoa wa Tabora]] wenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''45100'''. Eneo lake ni [[manisipaa]] yenye hadhi ya [[wilaya]]. [[Mwaka]] [[2012]] palikuwa na wakazi 226,999. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 308,741 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. == Historia == Mji ulianzishwa na [[wafanyabiashara]] [[Waarabu]] na [[Waswahili]] kutoka [[Zanzibar]] mnamo [[1825]]. Waliutumia kama kituo kwenye [[njia]] ya [[biashara ya misafara]] kati ya [[pwani]] ya [[Bahari ya Hindi]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] katika [[nusu]] ya kwanza ya [[karne ya 19]]. [[Biashara]] kuu zilikuwa [[ndovu]] pamoja na [[watumwa]]. Tabora walijenga [[nyumba]] imara pamoja na [[ghala]] za [[bidhaa]] kwa ajili ya biashara hizo. [[Familia]] ya [[Tippu Tip]] ilikuwa kati ya wenye nyumba wa Tabora. Mwaka [[1871]] [[jeshi]] la [[rugaruga]] wa [[Mtemi Mirambo]] lilishambulia mji. Ukajengwa upya. Tangu mwaka [[1890]] [[Ujerumani|Wajerumani]] walianza kufika na baada ya kushinda [[Wanyamwezi]] walifanya Tabora kuwa [[kitovu]] chao katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ya kati; mji ukawa kituo cha kikosi cha jeshi na pia kikosi cha [[polisi]]. Hata hivyo, Tabora ilikuwa mji mkubwa wa [[koloni]] la Kijerumani mbali na miji ya pwani. Umuhimu wa Tabora ukaongezeka kwa [[ujenzi]] wa [[reli ya kati]] iliyounganisha pwani na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] ikipita Tabora kuanzia mwaka [[1912]]. [[Karakana]] muhimu ya [[reli]] ikawekwa huko mjini. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] [[pesa]] ya mwisho iliyotolewa na Wajerumani katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ilitengenezwa katika karakana ya reli mwaka [[1916]] maana [[Dar es Salaam]] ilikuwa tayari [[Mkono|mikononi]] mwa [[Waingereza]]. Mwaka 1916 Tabora ilivamiwa na [[Ubelgiji|Wabelgiji]] waliowafukuza Wajerumani lakini baada ya vita kuu kwisha mji ukawa sehemu ya [[Tanganyika]]. Mwka [[1964]] kikosi cha pili cha [[Tanganyika Rifles]] cha Tabora kiligoma kikiunga mkono wenzake huko Dar es Salaam<ref>[https://ntz.info/gen/b00202.html#id01250 The Second Battalion Tanganyika Rifles also mutinied in Tabora.]</ref>. Baada ya kumaliza [[uasi]] bila kumwaga [[damu]], kikosi hicho kilifutwa<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02589008908737487?journalCode=cjca20 The East African mutinies of 1964], Mark Baynham 2008 </ref>. == Usafiri == Hadi leo Tabora ni kitovu muhimu cha [[mawasiliano]] cha Tanzania ya kati. [[Barabara]] za kufika mji zimeboreshwa, kuna njia ya [[lami]] kwenda [[Itigi]] - [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]], na pia kuelekea [[Nzega Mjini|Nzega]]. Njia ya kwenda [[Kigoma-Ujiji|Kigoma]] imefika [[Mto Malagarasi]] kwa hali ya lami. [[lori|Malori]] kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]] kuelekea [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] au [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] hupitia Tabora. Reli inapeleka [[abiria]] na mizigo kutoka Tabora kwenda Dar es Salaam, Kigoma na [[Mwanza]] kwa kutumia mkono wa [[kaskazini]] wa njia ya reli iliyojengwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa Kiingereza. Njia mpya ya [[Reli ya SGR Tanzania|reli ya SGR]] inajengwa tangu mwaka [[2020]] kuelekea Mwanza na Dodoma- Dar es Salaam. Kuna pia [[uwanja wa ndege|uwanja mdogo wa ndege]]. ==Picha za Tabora== <gallery> Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0707, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Tabora.jpg|Mtaa wa Tabora mnamo 1911</br> Bundesarchiv Bild 105-DOA0703, Deutsch-Ostafrika, Tabora, Boma.jpg|Boma la Kijerumani mnamo 1911 (leo kituo cha [[JWTZ]])</br> Tabora Hotel, Cheyo Ward.jpg|Hoteli ya Tabora tangu enzi za Wajerumani (Leo Tabora Orion Hotel) </gallery> == Marejeo == <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Tabora.html Red dots are rail lines] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Tabora.html |date=20041130195610 }} * [http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/T/Tabora.asp Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition (at encyclopedia.com)] * [http://fizzylogic.com/wasukuma/tabora.html Tabora page at fizzylogic.com] {{Wayback|url=http://fizzylogic.com/wasukuma/tabora.html |date=20060504010836 }} {{Kigezo:Kata za Manisipaa ya Tabora}} {{mbegu-jio-tabora}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tabora|T]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Tabora]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Tabora Mjini| ]] [[Jamii:Tabora]] 3i3vdfl0wqvg6mocjgcz3quaw7l3w7s 0 27847 1581979 1472734 2026-07-26T18:20:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581979 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Hoşap Kalesi (Van, Türkiye).JPG|thumbnail|right|200px|Mji wa Van]] '''Van''' ([[Kiarmenia]]: Վան, [[Kikurdi]]: Wan; kutoka [[Kiarmenia]] ''van'' - kijiji, makazi) ni mji ulipo mjini mashariki mwa nchi ya [[Uturuki]]. Huu ndiyo mji mkuu wa [[Mkoa wa Van]], na upo upande wa mashariki mwa pwani ya [[Ziwa Van]]. Mji una idadi ya wakazi wapatao 284,464 (mwaka wa 2005).<ref>[http://www.van.gov.tr/?sayfa=kimlik&klasor= www.van.gov.tr]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commonscat|Van}} * [http://www.van.gov.tr Governorship of Van] * [http://www.van.bel.tr Municipality of Van] {{Wayback|url=http://www.van.bel.tr/ |date=20210101151125 }} * [http://www.yyu.edu.tr Van 100th Year University] * [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Van Plan of Van city as it was before 1915] * [http://van.bnymn.net About Van] {{Wayback|url=http://van.bnymn.net/ |date=20090208180043 }} *[https://www.vanhaber.com.tr/ Van Haber] {{Wayback|url=https://www.vanhaber.com.tr/ |date=20200126173707 }} - Van' Local Newspaper * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/65/Van.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 1722m (railways are red dots)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/65/Van.html |date=20091123220606 }} {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] 1nrxxwmkca6399igg74ht4rckeg2ndp 0 27849 1581997 1484150 2026-07-26T22:11:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Yozgat resim birleşik.JPG|thumbnail|right|400px|Mji wa Yozgat]] [[Picha:Yozgat location Çayıralan.png|thumb|Yozgat]] '''Yozgat''' (pia '''Yuzgat''' au '''Yuzgad''', [[Kiarmenia]]: Յոզգաթ), zamani uliitwa '''Bozok''' ni mji uliopo nchini [[Uturuki]]. Pia, huu ndiyo mji mkuu wa [[Mkoa wa Yozgat]] katika [[Kanda ya Anatolia ya Kati]] nchini [[Uturuki]]. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2000, mji una wakazi wapatao 113,614 of ambao wengine 73,930 wanaishi kati-kati ya mji wa Yozgat.<ref name="die">{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls|title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey|accessdate=2008-03-19|author=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|format=XLS|language=Turkish|archivedate=2007-07-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Ic%20Anadolu|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-03-19|author=GeoHive|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66FXYDsBO?url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Ic%20Anadolu|archivedate=2012-03-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/66/Yozgat.html|title=Geographical information on Yozgat, Turkey|accessdate=2008-03-19|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|archive-date=2007-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309202905/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/66/Yozgat.html|url-status=dead}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.yozgat.gov.tr/ District governor's official website] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.yozgat-bld.gov.tr/ District municipality's official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yozgat-bld.gov.tr/ |date=20130215104526 }} {{tr icon}} * [http://www.yozgat.gen.tr/ A web portal of Yozgat] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yozgat.gen.tr/ |date=20180323001704 }} {{tr icon}} {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Uturuki]] eae26uu3ktb1ra2man28oml86pfd4ak 0 33745 1581941 1493108 2026-07-26T12:59:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Tamale |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City) --> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = TamaleGhana2.jpeg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Bolga Road in downtown Tamale (Novemba 1999) |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Ghana<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Ghana <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|25px]] [[Ghana]] |subdivision_type1 = Admin.&nbsp;Region |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini (Ghana)|Northern Region]] |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 =Metropolitan Area |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =Mayor |leader_name =Alhaji Haruna Friday |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2007 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 550,000 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=9 |latm=24 |lats=27 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=51 |longs=12 | longEW=W|coordinates_display=d |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = www.tamalemetropolis.org |footnotes = }} '''Tamale''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana|Mkoa wa Kaskazini]] wa [[Ghana]], ulio na wakazi 562,919 ([[2013]]). Wengi wao ni [[Wadagomba]] ambao wanazungumza [[Kidagbani]] na ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]]. Uko katika sehemu ya kaskazini ya nchi, ambapo nchi ni [[savanna]], nyasi na miti isiyoathiriwa na ukame. Mji huu ni kama mseto wa vijiji, na watu wengi wanaishi katika nyumba za jadi za [[matofali]] na [[matope]]. Wakati wengi nyumba huwa na paa ya mabati, idadi nzuri huwa na paa ya nyasi. Wengi wao wana waya za umeme na televisheni. [http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=4 Chuo Kikuu cha Masomo ya Maendeleo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ghanauniversities.com/university_detail.php?id=4 |date=20080222112937 }} ina kampasi Tamale. [[File:Tamale1.jpg|thumb|left|Jengo la Benki ya Biashara ya Ghana huko Tamale (Novemba 1999)]] [[File:Tamale.jpg|thumb|left|Msikiti katika Tamale]] Tamale ina umeme ambayo husafirishwa kutoka [[Bwawa la Akosombo]] katika sehemu kuu ya Ghana. Huduma ya umeme imekuwa ya kuaminika na inaweza kutegemewa. Katika kipindi cha ukame, Tamale huwa katika giza kwa sababu ya mgawo wa umeme (na maji kupitia bwawa). Huduma ya simu inapatikana. Simu za mkono zinapatikana pia. Kuna [[huduma za tovuti]] kadhaa kwenye barabara kuu Tamale. Huduma hii hushikamana kupitia mtandao wa [[Africa Online]], ambayo pia inatoa huduma ya simu kwa watumiaji wa nyumbani. Ofisi ya Africa Online Tamale ina 256 Kbit / kiunga cha satellite kilichounganishwa ambayo na mbadala wa kuzuru tovuti mbalimbali. Trafiki yote ya TCP / IP trafiki hupitia 64 Kbit / mstari wa [[Accra]], mji mkuu. Hivyo, [[mtandao wa dunia]] hutumika kikamilifu katika Tamale, lakini viungo vingine vya tovuti huwa na [[hasara ya data]] na matatizo. Tamale huwa na mtandao wa barabara bora nchini Ghana. Imeteuliwa mara tatu mfululizo kama mji safi zaidi nchini Ghana. Tamale ina maendeleo na kubadilishwa haraka sana katika miaka michache iliyopita na mara nyingi hutajwa ya kama mji unaokua kwa kasi zaidi katika Afrika Magharibi. Sasa inavyotumika kama lango la Sahel kwa kuzingatia nafasi yake ya kimkakati kama kituo kati ya Ghana na majirani zake kama vile Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali, Benin, Cote D'voire na Togo. Iko na Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa ambao unaweza kufanya Tamale uwe kitovu cha kanda za anga. Mamlaka ya mji pia inatengeneza bahari kuendeleza biashara ndogo katika maeneo ya karibu. Pia ni lango la maeneo yote muhimu ya utalii kaskazini mwa Ghana. Mwelekeo mpya wa maendeleo katika Tamale ni kukimbilia kwa makampuni mbalimbali, kufungua matawi katika mji. Katika miaka miwili, shirika sita za kifedha (Benki) imefungua matawi katika mji. Sekta ya ukarimu pia imekuwa vikubwa kuna hoteli na nyumba za wageni zilizojengwa kuzunguka jiji hasa wakati wa mashindano ya soka ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] ya 2008. Kuna mashirika mengi ya maendeleo yenye maafisi Tamale: * [[USAID]] * Catholic Relief Services [[(CRS)]] * Ghana Institute of Linguistics, Kusoma, and Bible Translation [http://www.gillbt.org (GILLBT)] * North Empowerment Association [http://www.grid-nea.org/ (Nea)] * Tamale Institute of Cross-Cultural Studies [http://www.ticcs.com/ (TICCS)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ticcs.com/ |date=20090417055241 }} * [http://www.youthaliveghana.org/ Youth Alive, Tamale] {{Wayback|url=http://www.youthaliveghana.org/ |date=20100111020211 }} * Children in Need Organization [http://cinorg.wz.cz/ (CINORG)] {{Wayback|url=http://cinorg.wz.cz/ |date=20160304220219 }} * [[Engineers Without Borders]] Hakika Tamale ni mara nyingi hufafanuliwa kama mjii mkuu wa mashirika ya maendeleo katika Ghana kwa sababu kuna mashirika mengi ya nchi na ya mataifa yanayoendeleza kazi yao huko. Tamale, mbali na kuwa mji mkuu wa kiutawala kanda ya Kaskazini ya Ghana, pia ni mji mkuu wa kitengo cha serikali za mitaa ya Manispaa ya Tamale. ==Miji pacha== * {{Flag icon|United States}} [[Louisville, USA]] (tangu 1979) http://sclou.org/ * {{Flag icon|Burkina Faso}} [[Fada N'gourma, Burkina Faso]] (tangu 2003) * {{Flag icon|Niger}} Commune II [[Niamey]], [[Niger]] (tangu 2007) ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&amp;listing=Tamale&amp;page=viewListing&amp;lid=25&amp;Itemid=36 Ghana-pedia website - Tamale] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&listing=Tamale&page=viewListing&lid=25&Itemid=36 |date=20120218153254 }} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/GH/0/Tamale.html FallingRain Map - kimo = 151m] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/GH/0/Tamale.html |date=20081027050512 }} * [http://www.tamaleonline.com/ Tamale Online] {{GhanaLargestCities}} [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Ghana]] cagxcg8ch1rdukqiahipt44hw2lb8hg 0 72158 1581967 1574553 2026-07-26T16:23:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St Denis transept south.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Kioo cha rangi]] chenye [[umbo]] la [[waridi]] katika [[Basilika]] la [[Denis wa Paris|Mtakatifu Denis]], [[Ufaransa]], ambacho kinaonyesha vizazi vya ukoo wa Yesu kuanzia [[Yese]].]] [[File:Genealogy of Jesus mosaic at Chora (1).jpg|thumb|270px|[[Kuba (jengo)]] ya [[kusini]] katika [[kanisa]] la [[Chora]], [[Istanbul]], inayoonyesha vizazi vya Yesu kuanzia Adamu.]] {{Yesu Kristo}} '''Ukoo wa Yesu''' unapatikana katika [[vitabu]] viwili vya [[Agano Jipya]]: [[Injili ya Mathayo]] ambayo inaorodhesha [[kizazi|vizazi]] kuanzia [[Abrahamu]] hadi kwa [[Yosefu (mume wa Maria)]], na [[Injili ya Luka]] inayorudi nyuma kuanzia Yosefu hadi kwa [[Adamu]], aliyeumbwa na [[Mungu]] mwenyewe. [[Injili]] hizo zote [[mbili]] zinasisitiza kwamba Yosefu si [[mzazi]] wa [[Yesu]], kwa kuwa [[Bikira Maria]] alipata [[mimba]] kwa uwezo wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]]. Pia zinasisitiza kwamba Yesu ni [[Mwana wa Daudi]], yaani kwa njia ya Yosefu, ambaye kinasaba anatokana na [[mfalme]] huyo maarufu wa [[Agano la Kale]], ana [[haki]] ya kurithi [[cheo]] chake. Hata hivyo [[Jina|majina]] mengi ni tofauti katika orodha hizo mbili, kiasi kwamba [[wataalamu]] wanatoa maelezo mbalimbali kuhusiana na [[desturi]] za [[Israeli]] wakati ule, kwa mfano katika kutumia orodha ya vizazi, na kutokana na malengo ya [[Wainjili]] hao<ref>Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) page 95.</ref><ref>R. T. France, ''The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary'' (Eerdmans, 1985) page 71.</ref>, ambao wote wawili walitaka kusisitiza kihisabati kwamba Yesu amefika kwa wakati mwafaka uliopangwa na Mungu kwa makini (vizazi 14x3 kadiri ya Mathayo; 7x11 kadiri ya Luka). Akiwaandikia [[Wayahudi]], [[mwinjili Mathayo]] alitaka kusisitiza kwamba Yesu ni Daudi mpya, lakini pia mrithi wa Abrahamu katika kuwa [[baraka]] kwa [[mataifa]] yote. Akiwaandikia watu wa mataifa, [[mwinjili Luka]] alitaka kuonyesha kwamba Yesu ni mwana wa Adamu, hivyo anahusiana na [[binadamu]] wote. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Genealogy of Jesus Christ}} *[http://www.wga.hu/html/m/michelan/3sistina/6lunette/ Information on the Michelangelo frescoes] *[http://www.greeknewtestament.com/B40C001.htm#V16 Multiple translations] *[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/emmerich/lifemary.v.html Anne Catherine Emmerich, ''Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary''] *[http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/genealogy_of_Jesus.htm Bible Study Manual on Genealogy of Jesus]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/genealogy_of_jesus.htm Genealogy of Jesus] at Complete-Bible-Genealogy.com *[http://www.direct.ca/trinity/duel.html Dueling Genealogies] Why there are two different genealogies for Jesus. *[http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt11.html New Light on the Genealogies of Jesus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt11.html |date=20140713152007 }} {{mbegu-Biblia}} [[Category:Yesu Kristo]] [[Category:Injili]] kpz1aj704yfx42l1s7bvx4cpkzfn3wo 0 76053 1581968 1500419 2026-07-26T16:38:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rochdale Unitarian Church "Humility".jpg|thumb|Ishara ya ''Unyenyekevu'' katika [[kioo cha rangi]], [[kazi]] ya [[Edward Burne-Jones]].]] '''Unyenyekevu''' (kutoka [[kitenzi]] "kunyenyekea"; [[neno]] la [[Kiingereza]] "humility" linatokana na [[Kilatini]] ''humilitas'', ambapo [[mzizi]] ni ''humus'', [[udongo]]. Sababu ni kwamba unyenyekevu ni kuelekea chini.<ref>[http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/humble "Humble" from Merriam-Webster], m-w.com</ref>) ni hali ya kujishusha mbele ya wengine, hasa wakubwa au wanaostahili [[heshima]] ya pekee, kama vile [[Mungu]]. Lengo la kufanya hivyo ni kukubali [[ukweli]], kinyume cha kinavyotaka [[kiburi]], kinavyojitahidi kujikuza bila [[haki]]. Kati ya kweli zinazomhusu [[binadamu]] kuna [[udogo]] wake ki[[maumbile]] na [[ukosefu]] wake ki[[maadili]]. Ndizo zinazomdai anyenyekee kama [[adili]] la msingi. ==Katika Biblia== Unyenyekevu unahimizwa katika [[Agano la Kale]] ([[Mith]] 3:34) na zaidi katika [[Agano Jipya]] kufutana na mfano wa [[Mwana wa Mungu]] ambaye alijishusha kabisa ([[Fil]] 2:1-17) akahimiza [[wanafunzi]] wake kumfuata hasa katika hilo ili hatimaye kutukuzwa pamoja naye. ([[Math]] 23:12).<ref>Humility, The Protestant theological and ecclesiastical encyclopedia, Herzog et al (Editors), Vol 2, 1860, pp 598-599</ref> Ni muhimu Wakristo wote wazingatie jinsi yeye, kama [[Bwana]] na [[mwalimu]] wao, alivyotekeleza unyenyekevu ili wafuate nyayo zake, na waone jinsi kujishusha kwake kulivyoendana na maadili ya hali ya juu. [[Mtume Paulo]] akitaka kuhimiza unyenyekevu aliandika juu ya ukuu usio na mipaka wa [[Mwokozi]] ili tuelewe zaidi alivyojishusha: ni jambo la ajabu jinsi alivyounganisha hayo mawili, lakini kwa namna fulani muungano huo unatakiwa kupatikana katika [[ukamilifu wa Kikristo]]. “Iweni na nia iyo hiyo ndani yenu ambayo ilikuwamo pia ndani ya Kristo Yesu, ambaye yeye mwanzo alikuwa yuna namna ya Mungu, naye hakuona kule kuwa sawa na Mungu kuwa ni kitu cha kushikamana nacho; bali alijifanya kuwa hana utukufu, akatwaa namna ya mtumwa, akawa ana mfano wa wanadamu; tena, alipoonekana ana umbo kama mwanadamu, alijinyenyekeza akawa mtii hata mauti, naam mauti ya msalaba” (Fil 2:5-8). Mwana pekee “hakuona kule kuwa sawa na Mungu kuwa ni kitu cha kushikamana nacho”. [[Ibilisi]], ambaye ni [[kiumbehai|kiumbe]] tu, alitaka kulingana na Mungu, akakataa kimatendo [[utawala]] wake: “nitafanana na yeye Aliye juu” ([[Is|Isa]] 14:14). Hata alipomshawishi [[Eva]] alisema, “Mtakuwa kama Mungu” ([[Mwa]] 3:5). Lakini [[Yesu]], anayesadikiwa kuwa Mungu kweli, alijishusha kabisa: “Hapo mwanzo kulikuwako Neno, naye Neno alikuwako kwa Mungu, naye Neno alikuwa Mungu… Naye Neno alifanyika mwili, akakaa kwetu” ([[Yoh]] 1:1,14). “Alijifanya kuwa hana utukufu”. Hakupoteza umungu wake, ila alitwaa [[umbile]] letu akaanza kuishi [[duniani]] katika hali duni. Umungu ndio ukamilifu usio na mipaka wa sifa zote, kumbe [[ubinadamu]] uko chini kuliko umbile la [[malaika]] yeyote, kwa kuwa hata yule wa mwisho ni [[roho]] tu. “Akatwaa namna ya [[mtumwa]]”, kwa kuwa binadamu, kiumbe cha Mungu, ni mtumishi wa Aliye Juu. Basi Mwana pekee wa [[mungu Baba|Baba]] alitwaa umbile hilo ili katika [[Nafsi]] moja awe Mwana wa Mungu na [[Mwana wa Adamu]], awe Mwana pekee aliyezaliwa tangu [[milele]] yote na [[mtoto]] mchanga [[pango|pangoni]], halafu mtu wa mateso aliyesulubiwa. “Akawa ana mfano wa wanadamu… akaonekana ana umbo kama mwanadamu”. Aliamua kufanana na wadogo wake katika yote, isipokuwa [[dhambi]]; tena aliamua kuzaliwa [[fukara]], kuteswa na [[njaa]], kuchoka na kuishiwa [[nguvu]], sawa nasi na zaidi tena. “Alijinyenyekeza akawa mtii hata mauti, naam mauti ya msalaba”. Mungu-Mtu alijishusha ilivyoandikwa, “Kadiri ulivyo mkuu uzidi kujinyenyekeza, nawe utapata kibali machoni pa Bwana; kwa maana rehema zake Bwana zi kuu, na siri yake ni kwa wanyenyekevu” ([[YbS]] 3:18-20). [[Kitambulisho]] cha unyenyekevu ndicho [[utiifu]] unaopinga kiburi kinachotuelekeza kutimiza matakwa yetu, kutaka kujitokeza, kuongoza wengine bila kuongozwa na yeyote. Basi, ili atuponye kiburi chetu, Mwana pekee wa Mungu alijifanya mtiifu hata [[mauti]] ya [[msalaba wa Yesu|msalaba]]. Utiifu unafanya matendo yastahili, hivi kwamba mateso yenyewe, ingawa yanaonekana kuwa ya bure, yanaweza kuzaa tele. Hilo ni mojawapo kati ya maajabu ya Mwokozi: kutukuza [[uchungu]] kwa njia ya utiifu na [[upendo]]. Utiifu usipokataa kifo wala aibu ni wa kishujaa. Basi, kifo cha [[Neno (Biblia)|Neno]] aliyefanyika [[mwili]] kilikuwa cha aibu kuliko vyote, ilivyotabiriwa, “Tumhukumu auawe mauti ya aibu” ([[Hek]] 2:20). [[Msalaba]] ulitazamwa na [[Warumi]] na [[Wayahudi]] kama [[adhabu]] ya aibu na ya kutisha waliyowekewa [[watumwa]] n.k. “Aliyetundikwa amelaaniwa na Mungu” ([[Kumb]] 21:23). “Kristo alitukomboa katika laana ya torati, kwa kuwa alifanywa laana kwa ajili yetu; maana imeandikwa: Amelaaniwa kila mtu aangikwaye juu ya mti” ([[Gal]] 3:13). Ndiyo sababu msalaba “kwa Wayahudi ni kikwazo” ([[1Kor]] 1:23): ni lazima wasadiki kuwa [[mti]] wa [[laana]] umekuwa chombo cha [[wokovu]]; na kuwa aliyepigiliwa [[msumari|misumari]] juu yake, hakulaaniwa na Mungu, bali alikusudiwa awe [[chemchemi]] ya [[neema]] zote, apendwe na kuabudiwa. “Kushutumiwa kwake Kristo ni utajiri mkuu kuliko hazina za Misri… Tukimtazama Yesu, mwenye kuanzisha na mwenye kutimiza imani yetu; ambaye kwa ajili ya furaha iliyowekwa mbele yake aliustahimili msalaba na kuidharau aibu… Basi na tutoke tumwendee nje ya kambi, tukichukua shutumu lake” ([[Eb]] 11:26; 12:2; 13:13). Hayo yote yalifumbika tayari katika Bwana kuzaliwa “kwa ajili yetu sisi wanadamu na kwa ajili ya wokovu wetu” ([[Kanuni ya Imani ya Nisea-Konstantinopoli]]): “Ajapo ulimwenguni, asema, Dhabihu na toleo hukutaka, lakini mwili uliniwekea tayari… Ndipo niliposema, Tazama, nimekuja - katika gombo la chuo nimeandikiwa - niyafanye mapenzi yako, Mungu” (Eb 10:5,7). [[Liturujia]] ya [[Noeli]] inatukumbusha mfululizo mfano huo, ikikaza unyenyekevu wa kuzaliwa kwake unavyopingana na ukuu wa Mwokozi. [[Bikira Maria]] alimzaa “mwanawe, kifungua mimba, akamvika nguo za kitoto, akamlaza katika hori ya kulia ng’ombe, kwa sababu hawakupata nafasi katika nyumba ya wageni” ([[Lk]] 2:7). Neno aliyefanyika mwili hakupata nafasi: tusilisahau hilo hasa tunapoikosa sisi pia. Upande mmoja Yesu anatuambia tujishushe tusiweze kamwe kujinyenyekeza mno; upande mwingine anatuambia, “Ninyi mtakuwa wakamilifu, kama Baba yenu wa mbinguni alivyo mkamilifu” ([[Math]] 5:48). Kuna watu wanaodhani kukosa unyenyekevu wakitamani [[muungano na Mungu]] ambao wanajisikia hawaustahili. Shida ipo hasa tunapopaswa kuchambua ndani mwetu unyenyekevu halisi na ule bandia, k.mf. tukitakiwa kushika msimamo dhidi ya wengine; pengine mwanzoni mwa mabishano tunasema kwa kutetea [[ukweli]] tu, lakini baadaye tunakuja kujibu kwa kiburi na utovu wa [[subira]] kutokana na [[umimi]] wetu kuchukizwa. Watu wanyofu wanatatua tatizo hilo kwa kutekeleza Biblia kuhusu muungano wa hayo mawili yanayoonekana kupingana: “Yeyote ajinyenyekeshaye mwenyewe kama mtoto huyu, huyo ndiye aliye mkuu katika ufalme wa mbinguni” (Math 18:4). “Basi nyenyekeeni chini ya mkono wa Mungu ulio hodari, ili awakweze kwa wakati wake” ([[1Pet]] 5:6). “Jidhilini mbele za Bwana, naye atawakuza” ([[Yak]] 4:10). Muungano huo wa unyenyekevu wa dhati na wa ukuu upitao maumbile unajitokeza hasa kwa [[watakatifu]]. Mtume Paulo aliandika, “Mwisho wa watu wote, alinitokea mimi, kama ni mtu aliyezaliwa si kwa wakati wake. Maana mimi ni mdogo katika mitume, nisiyestahili kuitwa mtume, kwa sababu naliliudhi Kanisa la Mungu” (1Kor 15:8-9). “Wao ni wahudumu wa Kristo? Nanena kiwazimu, mimi ni zaidi: katika tabu kuzidi sana; katika vifungo kuzidi sana; katika mapigo kupita kiasi; katika mauti mara nyingi” ([[2Kor]] 11:23). Alitaja hata “maono na mafunuo ya Bwana” (2Kor 12:1) aliyojaliwa, lakini mwishoni akasema, “Makusudi nisipate kujivuna kupita kiasi, kwa wingi wa mafunuo hayo nalipewa mwiba katika mwili, mjumbe wa Shetani ili anipige, nisije nikajivuna kupita kiasi. Kwa ajili ya kitu hicho nalimsihi Bwana mara tatu kwamba kinitoke. Naye akaniambia, Neema yangu yakutosha; maana uweza wangu hutimilika katika udhaifu. Basi nitajisifia udhaifu wangu kwa furaha nyingi, ili uweza wa Kristo ukae juu yangu. Kwa hiyo napendezwa na udhaifu, na ufidhuli, na misiba, na adha, na shida, kwa ajili ya Kristo. Maana niwapo dhaifu ndipo nilipo na nguvu” (2Kor 12:7-10). [[Thoma wa Akwino]] alifafanua hivi, “Kama vile upendo ulivyo [[mzizi]] wa [[uadilifu]], kiburi ndiyo asili ya kila dhambi. Ni [[hamu]] isiyoratibiwa ya ukuu unaolengwa pasipo kufanywa [[njia]] ya kumtukuza Mungu. Ndivyo tunavyosogea mbali naye: ndiyo asili ya kosa lolote, na ndiyo sababu Mungu anawapinga wenye kiburi. Basi, kwa kuwa ndani ya waadilifu umo [[wema]] unaoweza ukawafanya wapatwe na kiburi, pengine Mungu anaacha wateule wake wapatwe na [[ugonjwa]] fulani, kasoro fulani, hata dhambi ya mauti ambayo iwazuie wasitakabari, iwaaibishe kweli na kuwafanya watambue kuwa kwa nguvu zao hawawezi kusimama wala kudumu hasa. Kwa namna ya pekee mtakatifu Paulo mtume angeweza kupatwa na kiburi kwa mambo mengi: alikuwa ‘ni chombo kiteule’ cha kuenezea imani kwa mataifa ([[Mdo]] 9:15); ‘alinyakuliwa juu mpaka mbingu ya tatu… akasikia maneno yasiyotamkika, ambayo haijuzu mwanadamu ayanene’ (2Kor 12:2,4); aliteseka sana kwa ajili ya Kristo, mara nyingi alitupwa gerezani akapigwa mijeledi; alikuwa na moyo safi kwa kujaliwa ‘kwa rehema za Bwana kuwa mwaminifu’ (1Kor 7:25); alifanya ‘kazi kupita wao wote’ (1Kor 15:10), alivyosema mwenyewe; na kwa namna ya pekee alikuwa na [[ujuzi]] wa mambo ya Mungu mkubwa hivi hata uweze kumtia kiburi. Ndiyo sababu Bwana alimpa [[dawa]] ya kiburi. Ili ukuu wa [[njozi|maono]] aliyojaliwa usimfanye apatwe na kiburi, alitiwa [[mwiba]] mwilini, ugonjwa uletao aibu na kusulubu mwili ili kuponya roho… Jinsi mkosefu anavyopaswa kutetemeka, mtume mkubwa kama huyo, chombo kiteule, asipojiamini! Mara tatu alimsihi kwa nguvu Bwana amuondolee mwiba huo; mara tatu, yaani mara nyingi na kwa udumifu. Hapo akasikia maneno yafuatayo: ‘Neema yangu yakutosha’, yenyewe itakukinga na dhambi. Uweza wa Mungu unaoonekana wazi katika udhaifu, ambao ni nafasi ya kutekeleza maadili ya unyenyekevu, subira na kujikana. Mtu akifahamu udhaifu wake anakuwa [[macho]] zaidi katika mashindano, na kwa hayo anaimarika. Basi, alisema mtakatifu Paulo, ‘nitajisifia udhaifu wangu kwa furaha nyingi’, kwa sababu hivyo ninakuwa mnyenyekevu zaidi, na kupaswa kushindana ‘ili uweza wa Kristo ukae juu yangu’ na kuzaa matunda yake”. Kinachowezesha kuoanisha unyenyekevu na [[moyo mkuu]] ni kwamba, “Tuna hazina hii katika vyombo vya udongo, ili adhama kuu ya uwezo iwe ya Mungu, wala si kutoka kwetu” (2Kor 4:7). “Kuhusu kujitathmini, daima mtu anatakiwa kuwa kama aliyefunga safari na kulenga makubwa zaidi, ‘Si kwamba nimekwisha kufika, au nimekwisha kuwa mkamilifu; la!’ (Fil 3:12)… Na daima mtu anatakiwa kujitahidi kufikia ukamilifu, ‘Nikiyasahau yaliyo nyuma, nikiyachuchumilia yaliyo mbele’ (Fil 3:13)” (Thoma wa Akwino). Basi, kwa watakatifu unyenyekevu na moyo mkuu vinapatana: wanalenga makuu kupitia majaribu na aibu. Hata hivyo inabaki tofauti isiyopimika kati yao na Mwokozi ambaye hawezi kutenda dhambi bali ana ukuu wa kifalme. Kwa kiasi chake, ndivyo ilivyo kwa bikira Maria anayesadiki na Wakristo wengi kuwa [[Mkingiwa dhambi ya asili|alikingiwa dhambi]] [[panagia|yoyote]]. Katika [[wimbo]] [[wimbo wa Bikira Maria|wake]] anajitokeza kwa pamoja mnyenyekevu na mkuu ajabu: “Ameutazama unyonge wa mjakazi wake. Kwa maana, tazama, tokea sasa vizazi vyote wataniita mbarikiwa; kwa kuwa Mwenye nguvu amenitendea makuu… amewaangusha wakuu katika viti vyao vya enzi; na wanyonge amewakweza” (Lk 1:48-49,52). Kitu hicho kinatokea tena katika maisha ya [[Kanisa]] ambapo yanatimia daima maneno yafuatayo: “Kila ajikwezaye atadhiliwa, naye ajidhiliye atakwezwa” (Lk 14:11; 18:14). Katika [[dhuluma]], Kanisa linaonekana kushindwa, kumbe linashinda; kwa unyenyekevu linalenga daima makuu mawili: [[utukufu]] wa Mungu na wokovu wa watu. Kitu cha namna hiyo kinatakiwa kumtokea kila Mkristo, hasa [[mtawa]]. Anapaswa kuwa mnyenyekevu kama mzizi uliofichika ardhini, na kulenga daima makuu, yaani [[imani]] hai zaidi, [[tumaini]] imara zaidi, upendo motomoto zaidi, muungano na Mungu ulio wa dhati na safi zaidi kila siku. Hivyo yanakuja kuoana yale yanayoonekana kupingana, kama mzizi mrefu wa mti (unaomaanisha unyenyekevu) unavyopenya zaidi na zaidi ardhini, maadamu [[tawi]] la juu (linalomaanisha upendo) linazidi kuelekea [[mbinguni]]. Polepole [[uzima]] wa Yesu unadhihirika “katika miili yetu ipatikanayo na mauti” (2Kor 4:11). Hakuna unyenyekevu halisi mbali na ule anaotujalia tukimuomba kwa moyo tufanane naye na tukikubali kufuata njia inayotufikisha huko. ==Katika Kanisa Katoliki== [[Agostino wa Hippo]] alisisitiza umuhimu wa adili hilo katika kusoma na kufundisha [[Biblia]], akitumia mifano ya [[Mtume Paulo]] katika [[1Kor]] 4:7 na wa [[Towashi Mwethiopia]] katika [[Mdo]] 8 (''[[De Doctrina Christiana]]'', prooem. 4-8). Kwa kuwa msomaji na mwalimu vilevile wanapaswa kukumbuka Biblia ni [[Neno la Mungu]], si mali yao, la sivyo watashindwa kuielewa. (''De Doctrina Christiana'', 2.41.62).<ref>{{cite journal | last=Woo | first=B. Hoon | title=Augustine’s Hermeneutics and Homiletics in ''De doctrina christiana'' | journal= Journal of Christian Philosophy | year=2013 | volume=17 | url=https://www.academia.edu/5228314/_Augustines_Hermeneutics_and_Homiletics_in_De_doctrina_christianae_Humiliation_Love_Sign_and_Discipline_Journal_of_Christian_Philosophy_17_2013_97-117 |pages=99–103}}</ref> [[Bernardo wa Clairvaux]] alifafanua unyenyekevu kuwa: "Adili ambalo mtu, akijifahamu alivyo kweli, anajishusha. Yesu Kristo ndiyo ufafanuzi bora wa unyenyekevu."<ref name="CE" /> Kwa kumfuata [[Thoma wa Akwino]], [[Wakatoliki]] wanahusianisha unyenyekevu na [[maadili bawaba|adili bawaba]] la [[kiasi]]<ref name="CE">[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07543b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia, "Humilty"], newadvent.org</ref><ref>Humility, The Catholic encyclopedia, Herbermann et al. (Editors), Vol 7, 1910, pp 543-544</ref>, kwa sababu hilo linazuia maelekeo yote yasiyoratibiwa.<ref name="CE" /> Tunapozungumzia [[maadili ya kiutu]] yanayohusiana zaidi na [[maisha ya Kiroho|maisha ya kuungana na Mungu]], tunapaswa kuzingatia unyenyekevu unavyotakiwa kuwa. Tukimfuata Yesu kama kielelezo, umuhimu wa adili hilo na umbile lake vinaonyesha wazi umbali uliopo kati ya maadili yanayofundishwa na [[wanafalsafa]] na yale ya [[Injili]]. Katika [[mapokeo]] yote ya Kikristo unyenyekevu umetazamwa kuwa msingi wa maisha ya Kiroho, ambao unatakiwa kuchimbwa kwa [[kina]] kadiri [[jengo]] linavyokusudiwa kwenda juu. Unyenyekevu unaangamiza aina zote za kiburi, lakini tendo lake maalumu na kuu si hilo, kwa kuwa Bwana Yesu na bikira Maria hawakupaswa kupinga kiburi ndani mwao, lakini waliutimiza unyenyekevu na bado wanautimiza kwa namna bora. Basi, tendo hilo la kumnyenyekea kwanza Mungu, halafu jirani ni lipi? ===Unyenyekevu kwa Mungu=== Tendo maalumu la unyenyekevu ni kuinama, kujishusha mbele ya Mungu na mbele ya yale yote yaliyo ya Mungu ndani ya kiumbe chochote. Kumnyenyekea ni kutambua kimatendo, si [[nadharia|kinadharia]] tu, udogo wetu ulio wazi hata mbali na makosa; baada ya dhambi ni kutambua unyonge wetu pia. Unyenyekevu unaungana na utiifu na [[ibada]], ila unatofautiana navyo. Utiifu unahusu [[mamlaka]] ya Mungu na [[amri za Mungu|amri zake]]; ibada inahusu ukuu wake na [[heshima]] tunayopaswa kumpatia; kumbe unyenyekevu unakiri udogo na unyonge wetu kwa kutuinamisha ardhini na hivyo kuutukuza ukuu wa Mungu, kama [[malaika Mikaeli]] (kwa [[Kiyahudi]], “Nani kama Mungu?”). Anayeishi Kiroho anajisikia [[furaha]] takatifu anapojishusha ili kukiri kwa matendo kuwa Mungu peke yake ni mkuu na kuwa ukuu wowote wa kibinadamu ni [[uongo]] mtupu ukilinganishwa na wa kwake. Msingi wa unyenyekevu huo ni ukweli, hasa kwamba umbali kati ya [[Muumba]] na kiumbe hauna kiasi. Sisi ni wanyenyekevu kadiri tunavyotambua [[umbali]] huo usiopimika hata tukiwa juu namna gani. Kadiri tunavyopanda kwa Mungu, ukweli huo unazidi kuwa wazi kwetu. Hivyo aliyepanda juu zaidi ni mnyenyekevu zaidi kwa sababu ana [[mwanga]] mkubwa zaidi: bikira Maria ni mnyenyekevu kuliko watakatifu wote, tena Yesu ni mnyenyekevu kuliko [[Mama]] yake. Tunaona unyenyekevu unavyolingana na [[maadili ya Kimungu]] tukizingatia kweli zake za msingi ambazo wanafalsafa wa kale hawakuzijua. Kwanza, [[uumbaji]] kutoka utovu wa vyote, ulio msingi wa unyenyekevu kadiri ya [[akili]] nyofu kwa kuwa unaweza kujulikana kwa [[juhudi]] za umbile letu. Pili, [[fumbo]] la neema na la haja ya msaada wa Mungu ili kutenda hata tendo dogo la kuletea wokovu; fumbo hilo linapita uwezo wa akili na kujulikana na imani tu. Yatokanayo ni mambo manne kumhusu Muumba, kuhusu [[maongozi ya Mungu|maongozi yake]] na kuhusu wema wake ambao ni chemchemi ya neema tena unaondolea dhambi. Kwanza, kumhusu Muumba tunapaswa kukiri si kinadharia tu, bali kimatendo kuwa sisi peke yetu si kitu: “Maisha yangu ni kama si kitu mbele zako. Kila binadamu, ingawa amesitawi, ni ubatili” ([[Zab]] 39:5). “Nawe una nini usichokipokea?” (1Kor 4:7). Tumeumbwa kutoka utovu wa vyote kwa [[hiari]] ya Mungu, ambaye asingetudumisha tungetoweka mara. Tena, baada ya kuumbwa, ingawa tuko wengi zaidi, hakuna ongezeko lolote la ukweli, la ukamilifu, la hekima na la upendo, kwa kuwa tangu milele sifa hizo za Mungu ni kamili pasipo mipaka. Basi, tukijilinganisha na Mungu, sisi hatuko. Tungetoa yaliyo ya Mungu katika matendo yetu bora kisingebaki chochote, kwa sababu si kwamba sehemu yake moja inatoka kwetu na sehemu nyingine kwa Mungu, bali tendo lote ni la Mungu kama asili ya kwanza, halafu lote ni la kwetu kama asili ya pili. Pili, pasipo Mungu mratibu mkuu, pasipo maongozi yake yanayoendesha vyote, [[maisha]] yetu hayana dira. Tunapaswa kupokea toka kwake maongozi ya jumla ya amri zake ili kufikia [[uzima wa milele]], na maongozi maalumu ambayo amemchagulia kila mmojawetu tangu milele na ambayo tunaonyeshwa na wakubwa wetu wanaomwakilisha, na mashauri tunayopaswa kuomba, na matukio na [[uvuvio]] wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]]. Tunapaswa kukubali nafasi aliyotupangia, hata ikiwa duni. Unyenyekevu huo una faida kwetu na kwa wengine pia. Mwokozi alikubali kwa unyenyekevu usio na kifani kushika nafasi ya mwisho, hata wakamuona [[Baraba]] kuwa bora kuliko yeye, akapokea aibu ya msalaba. Kwa hiyo katika jengo la Mungu amekuwa jiwe kuu la msingi. Ndio unyenyekevu halisi ambao unazaa ajabu na kutangaza utukufu wa Mungu hata palipofichika. Basi, tupokee maongozi maalumu anayotuelekeza, hata yakidai tujitoe sadaka ya kuteketezwa: “Bwana huua, naye hufanya kuwa hai; hushusha hata kuzimu, tena huleta juu. Bwana hufukarisha mtu, naye hutajirisha; hushusha chini, tena huinua juu” ([[1Sam]] 2:6-7). Halafu, tatu, katika maongozi hayo hatuwezi kupiga hatua hata ndogo wala kutenda lolote la kuletea wokovu tusipopewa [[neema za msaada]]. Tukiri kwa furaha, “Si kwamba twatosha sisi wenyewe kufikiri neno lolote kwamba ni letu wenyewe, bali utoshelevu watoka kwa Mungu” (2Kor 3:5). “Hawezi mtu kusema, ‘Yesu ni Bwana’, isipokuwa katika Roho Mtakatifu” (1Kor 12:3). Hasa tunahitaji neema ili kudumu waaminifu mpaka mwisho; tunapaswa kujiombea neema hiyo kwa unyenyekevu. Nne, unyenyekevu huo, unaotakiwa kuwemo ndani ya waadilifu wote, ulikuwa sifa ya watu wa kwanza katika utakatifu asili. Lakini baada ya dhambi tunapaswa kukiri kimatendo unyonge wetu pia: umimi, moyo finyu, ugeugeu, [[hasira]], [[ndoto za mchana]], usahaulifu wa mambo muhimu, kiburi, [[tamaa]], hata kutojali utukufu wa Mungu na wokovu wa watu. Unyonge huo ni mbaya kuliko utovu wa vyote, kwa kuwa unafuja roho zetu na kuzifanya zichukize. “Unioshe kabisa na uovu wangu, unitakase dhambi zangu… Nimekutenda dhambi wewe peke yako, na kufanya maovu mbele za macho yako” (Zab 51:2-4). “Ni nani awezaye kuyatambua makosa yake? Unitakase na mambo ya siri” (Zab 19:12). Unyenyekevu huo haupingani na moyo mkuu, bali unaunganika nao na kukua pamoja nao kama [[kidole|vidole]] vya [[mkono]] mmoja: hatuwezi kuwa na unyenyekevu wa dhati pasipo moyo mkuu. Mkristo anatakiwa kulenga makuu yanayostahili heshima kubwa, ingawa anaona heshima si kitu; ayalenge kwa unyenyekevu na, ikiwa lazima, kwa kudhalilishwa. Azoee kukariri, “Ee Bwana, kutukuza usitutukuze sisi, bali ulitukuze jina lako” (Zab 115:1). Asiye na moyo anakataa kufanya yale ambayo anaweza na kupaswa kuyafanya, na asipotimiza [[wajibu]] mkubwa anatenda dhambi ya mauti. Kinyume chake unyenyekevu unamuinamisha mtu mbele ya Aliye Juu, ashike nafasi yake halisi ili Mungu atende ndani yake pasipo kizuio. Mnyenyekevu anajitia mikononi mwa Mungu na, ikiwa Bwana anatenda makuu kwa njia yake, hajitukuzi kuliko [[shoka]] likitumiwa na mtemakuni, wala [[kinubi]] kikichezwa na [[mwanamuziki]] bora. ===Unyenyekevu kwa jirani=== “Kila mmoja anapaswa kutambua kwamba katika yale yaliyo ya kwake tu, yeye ni duni kuliko yeyote katika yale aliyojaliwa na Mungu” (Thoma wa Akwino). Kwa kuwa kila mtu peke yake si kitu, aliyonayo ya kwake tu ni unyonge wa makosa yake; basi akiri kimatendo kuwa hayo ni duni kuliko yale yote ambayo mwingine yeyote amejaliwa na Mungu upande wa umbile na upande wa Kiroho. “Mtu mnyenyekevu kweli anajiona duni kuliko wengine, si kwa matendo ya nje, bali kwa kuwa anaogopa kutenda kwa kiburi kilichofichika hata mema anayoyatenda” (Thoma wa Akwino). “Mfikirie kwamba wapo watu ambao pasipo kuonekana ni bora kuliko nyinyi, hata mkionekana waadilifu kuliko wao” (Augustino). Tukariri, ‘Hakuna dhambi iliyotendwa na mwingine nisiyoweza kuitenda mimi pia kwa udhaifu wangu: kama sijaitenda ni kwa sababu Mungu kwa huruma yake hajaacha itokee’. Tumtukuze na kumuomba, “Ee Mungu, uniumbie moyo safi, uifanye upya roho iliyotulia ndani yangu” (Zab 51:10); “Ee Bwana, utugeuze kwako, nasi tutageuka” ([[Mao]] 5:21). Kwa kuwa upendo wake ndio asili ya mema yote, watakatifu wanajiambia, “Mtu huyu angejaliwa neema nilizozipata mimi, labda angekuwa mwaminifu kuliko mimi; na kama Mungu angeacha nitende makosa aliyoacha ayatende huyu, sasa ningekuwa mahali pake”. Ndio msingi wa unyenyekevu ambao kiburi chochote kivunjike juu yake. Unyenyekevu wa watakatifu unazidi kuwa wa dhati kadiri wanavyozidi kujua [[udhaifu]] wao mbele ya ukuu na wema wa Mungu. Tuulenge mfululizo unyenyekevu wao, lakini tusitumie maneno yao kabla hatujaamini ukweli wake; ungekuwa unyenyekevu bandia tu unaofanana na ule halisi kama kipande cha [[kioo]] na [[almasi]]. Unyenyekevu kwa jirani si kuogopa watu wala kukosa moyo. Kuogopa watu ni kuogopa [[hukumu]] na hasira za waovu: [[hofu]] hiyo inasogeza mbali na Mungu. Utovu wa moyo unakwepa [[kazi]] ya lazima, na kuelekea mambo ya chini badala ya makuu yanayotupasa. Kumbe, unyenyekevu unatuinamisha mbele ya Mungu na mbele ya yaliyo yake katika jirani. Mnyenyekevu hauinamii kamwe uwezo wa waovu, tofauti na mwenye uchu wa madaraka, anayejishusha kupita kiasi ili afikie matamanio yake. Unyenyekevu haukwepi makuu; kinyume chake unaimarisha moyo mkuu uyalenge hata kwa njia duni. Bwana ametuonyesha vizuri ajabu maadili hayo mawili yanavyotegemezana akisema (Math 20:28), “… kama vile Mwana wa Adamu asivyokuja kutumikiwa, bali kutumikia” (ndio unyenyekevu) “na kutoa nafsi yake iwe fidia ya wengi” (ndiyo ari ya moyo mkuu). Mwokozi asingeweza kulenga mambo makuu zaidi wala kuyalenga kwa unyenyekevu mkubwa zaidi: alipania kutupatia uzima wa milele, lakini kupitia aibu na mateso ya msalaba. Maadili hayo yanayoonekana kupingana, yanaunganika ndani ya watakatifu pia ambao, kadiri walivyo wanyenyekevu, wana nguvu, wasijali binadamu hata wakitishwa namna gani. Kiutekelezaji, ili tuufikie unyenyekevu kamili (ambao, tusipokuwa nao, hatuwezi kuwa na [[upendo kamili]]) tunapaswa kusimama vema kuhusu sifa na lawama. Kwanza, kuhusu sifa, tusijisifu kamwe, la sivyo tutajichafua tu; wanajisifu wale wanaodhani hawasifiwi vya kutosha na wengine. Halafu tusijitafutie sifa, la sivyo tutakuwa kiroja na kupoteza [[stahili]] za matendo mema. Hatimaye tusifurahie sifa tukizipata, la sivyo tutapoteza walau [[ua]] la stahili hizo. Lakini ni lazima tupande juu zaidi kwa kusimama vema kuhusu lawama. Tunapaswa kupokea kwa subira lawama tunazostahili, hasa zikitoka kwa wakubwa wenye [[haki]] na wajibu wa kuzitoa: tukikunja [[uso]] tutapoteza faida ya maonyo hayo. Pengine tunapaswa kupokea kwa subira hata lawama ambazo hatustahili au kidogo tu. Hatimaye, kwa mfano wa watakatifu, inafaa tujiombee upendo kwa dharau. [[Anselm wa Canterbury]] aliorodhesha vizuri vidato vya unyenyekevu: 1) kujua kwamba tunastahili dharau katika mengi; 2) kufurahia kuwa hivyo; 3) kukiri kuwa hivyo; 4) kutaka jirani asadiki hivyo; 5) kupokea kwa subira kusemwa hivyo; 6) kukubali kutendwa kama mtu anayestahili dharau; 7) kupenda kutendwa hivyo. Vidato vya mwisho vinadai kwanza sala ya kumiminiwa kuhusu unyenyekevu wa Bwana, aliyesulubiwa kwa ajili yetu, na hamu kubwa ya kufanana naye. Ni vema tulenge ukamilifu huo, lakini si wengi wanaoufikia; kabla ya hapo tuna nafasi nyingi za kukumbuka maneno ambayo Yesu ametuhimiza tumuige iwezekanavyo, “Mtu yeyote anayetaka kuwa mkubwa kwenu, na awe mtumishi wenu, na mtu yeyote anayetaka kuwa wa kwanza kwenu, na awe mtumwa wenu…” (Math 20:26-27). ==Unyenyekevu wa kishujaa== Unyenyekevu ni wa [[shujaa|kishujaa]] unapofikia ngazi za juu zilizofafanuliwa na [[Anselm wa Canterbury]], yaani si tu kutambua tunastahili dharau pande fulanifulani, bali kutaka watu wasadiki hivyo, kuvumilia waseme hivyo, kupokea dharau zao na hatimaye kupenda tutendwe hivyo, ili tulingane na Bwana aliyechagua kupatwa na aibu kuu za mateso kwa wokovu wetu. Unyenyekevu huo unadhihirishwa na utaratibu mkubwa wa kudumu: “Kila mtu atatambulikana kwa uso wake; mwenye ufahamu atajulikana kwa sura yake popote umkutapo, nazo nguo za mtu, na finyo la kutoa meno, na mwendo wake, huonyesha mara alivyo yeye mwenyewe” ([[Kitabu cha Yoshua bin Sira|YbS]] 19:29-30). Uso mtulivu, mnyenyekevu, usiocheka mno, pamoja na mwendo mzito, mnyofu, usio na unafiki, vinashuhudia kuwa mtu anajisikia daima mbele ya Mungu na kuongea naye kwa ndani. Hivyo aliye mnyenyekevu na mtaratibu kweli anasema juu ya Mungu hata kwa mwenendo wake na kwa kimya chake. Unyenyekevu wa kishujaa unaendana na kiasi hichohicho cha [[upole]]. Kwa njia ya adili hilo mtu anafikia kujitawala kikamilifu, hata kushinda ubaya kwa wema badala ya kuupinga kwa hasira. Ngazi za juu za upole ni kutofadhaishwa na matusi, kufurahia kitakatifu matokeo bora yanayotokana nayo, na hatimaye kumhurumia mtukanaji kwa matokeo mabaya yanayoweza kumpata. Ndivyo Yesu alivyolia juu ya Yerusalemu kwa kuwa ulikosa shukrani; alisikitikia maangamizi ya mji huo kuliko kifo kikatili kitakachompata. Ndani ya mtu aliyekamilika unyenyekevu na upole vinaendana na maadili ya [[Nguvu (adili)|nguvu]] na [[moyo mkuu]] ambayo yanaonekana kuwa kinyume chake, kumbe yanakamilishana navyo. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *''Humility: The Beauty of Holiness'', by [[Andrew Murray (minister)|Andrew Murray]]. *Al-Munajjid, Sheikh Muhammad Saleh. [[Islam Q&A]] Website. "Different kinds of humility". *Sister Huda. 19 November 1998. About.com Website.[http://islam.about.com/library/weekly/aa111998.htm "Humility"] {{Wayback|url=http://islam.about.com/library/weekly/aa111998.htm |date=20081007214349 }}, Islam.about.com. Retrieved April 5, 2006. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat}} *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07543b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia], newadvent.org *[http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?scope=6198&kid=229 Judaism's take on humility (Chabad.org)] *[http://www.unification.net/ws/theme128.htm World scripture: Quotes from religious texts about humility] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unification.net/ws/theme128.htm |date=20160717185602 }}, unification.net *[http://www.meaning.ca/articles/presidents_column/humility_nov03.htm I'm glad that I'm a nobody: A positive psychology of humility] {{Wayback|url=http://www.meaning.ca/articles/presidents_column/humility_nov03.htm |date=20070104202114 }}, meaning.ca *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07543b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia], newadvent.org [[Category:Maadili]] [[Jamii:Maisha ya kiroho]] 3wvyg8eq5h5hr133ru7s911yctjxw69 0 76670 1581965 1206333 2026-07-26T16:13:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Abeché1.jpg|right|[[Msikiti]] huko [[Abéché]], [[Chad]]|thumb|250px]] {{islam by country}} Uwepo wa awali kabisa wa '''[[Uislamu]] nchini [[Chad]]''' unaweza kuufuatilia tangu enzi za [[Uqba ibn Nafi]], ambaye kizazi chake kinaweza patikana katika makazi yao ya leo huko katika mkoa wa [[Ziwa Chad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://san.beck.org/1-12-Africato1500.html |title=Africa to 1500 by Sanderson Beck<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2015-05-09 |archive-date=2017-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210121227/http://san.beck.org/1-12-Africato1500.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwa kipindi ambacho wahamiaji wa Kiarabu wanaanza kufika kutoka mashariki katika karne ya 14 wakiwa katika idadi ndogo kabisa, imani ilikuwa tayari ishajijenga vya kutosha. Uislamishaji nchini Chad ulikuwa unafanyika polepole, tokeo la uenezi mdogo wa ustaarabu wa Uislamu ulikuwa nje kabisa ya mipaka ya kisiasa.<ref>Library of Congress., and Thomas Collelo. Chad, a country study. 2nd ed. Washington D.C.: Federal Research Division Library of Congress  ;For sale by the Supt. of Docs. U.S. G.P.O, 1990.</ref> Leo hii Wachadi wengi ni Waislamu (55.7%), ambao wengi wao ni dhehebu la [[Sunni]] wa [[Maliki]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity | accessdate=August 14, 2012 | date=August 9, 2012 | publisher=Pew Forum on Religious & Public life | archivedate=2012-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Uislamu kwa nchi]] *[[Dini nchini Chad]] ==Marejeo== <references /> *{{loc}} {{Africa in topic|Uslamu nchini}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Islam In Chad}} [[Jamii:Dini nchini Chad|Chad]] [[Jamii:Uislamu kwa nchi|Chad]] gz2ogjiodlahj09x1j0pzsdeldt3wtf 1582004 1581965 2026-07-27T00:32:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Abeché1.jpg|right|[[Msikiti]] huko [[Abéché]], [[Chad]]|thumb|250px]] {{islam by country}} Uwepo wa awali kabisa wa '''[[Uislamu]] nchini [[Chad]]''' unaweza kuufuatilia tangu enzi za [[Uqba ibn Nafi]], ambaye kizazi chake kinaweza patikana katika makazi yao ya leo huko katika mkoa wa [[Ziwa Chad]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://san.beck.org/1-12-Africato1500.html |title=Africa to 1500 by Sanderson Beck<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2015-05-09 |archive-date=2017-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210121227/http://san.beck.org/1-12-Africato1500.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwa kipindi ambacho wahamiaji wa Kiarabu wanaanza kufika kutoka mashariki katika karne ya 14 wakiwa katika idadi ndogo kabisa, imani ilikuwa tayari ishajijenga vya kutosha. Uislamishaji nchini Chad ulikuwa unafanyika polepole, tokeo la uenezi mdogo wa ustaarabu wa Uislamu ulikuwa nje kabisa ya mipaka ya kisiasa.<ref>Library of Congress., and Thomas Collelo. Chad, a country study. 2nd ed. Washington D.C.: Federal Research Division Library of Congress  ;For sale by the Supt. of Docs. U.S. G.P.O, 1990.</ref> Leo hii Wachadi wengi ni Waislamu (55.7%), ambao wengi wao ni dhehebu la [[Sunni]] wa [[Maliki]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf | title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity | accessdate=August 14, 2012 | date=August 9, 2012 | publisher=Pew Forum on Religious & Public life | archivedate=2012-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024125551/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Muslim/the-worlds-muslims-full-report.pdf }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== *[[Uislamu kwa nchi]] *[[Dini nchini Chad]] ==Marejeo== <references /> *{{loc}} {{Africa in topic|Uslamu nchini}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Islam In Chad}} [[Jamii:Dini nchini Chad|Chad]] [[Jamii:Uislamu kwa nchi|Chad]] 9ee23rvy7z2yfngk3s5qeg1ot8b75so 0 88884 1581926 1122404 2026-07-26T12:42:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Glazing-Doughnuts.webm|thumb|Video fupi ya utayarishaji wa maandazi]] '''Andazi''' (kutoka [[kitenzi]] "andaa") ni aina ya [[chakula]] [[utamu|kitamu]] inayotengenezwa kwa kutumia [[ngano]], [[hamira]], [[mafuta]], [[sukari]] na [[maji]]. Ni kitafunio maarufu kinachotengenezwa kwa kukanda [[unga]] wa [[ngano]] na kuukaanga kwenye [[mafuta]] yaliyochemka. Kwa [[lugha]] nyepesi, ni aina ya mkate mtamu uliokaangwa.<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/mandazi-doughnuts</ref> [[Watu]] wengi hupenda kutumia maandazi kama kitafunwa pamoja na [[kinywaji]] cha [[moto]] wakati wa [[kifunguakinywa]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] qedfcxe6h3esxtbv0us1r69i4jho9xi 0 88885 1582044 1581718 2026-07-27T09:15:22Z NANJ BHALO 90946 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361123484|Kachumbari]]" 1582044 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Kachumbari''' ni [[kitoweo]] kilochanganya nyanya na vitunguu ambacho ni maarufu katika vyakula vya eneo la [[Nchi za Maziwa Makuu|Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika]] . Ni mlo wa mchanganyiko usiyopikwa wenye nyanya zilizokatwakatwa, vitunguu, na pilipili hoho. Aina tofauti za kachumbari zinaweza kupatikana nchini [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Burundi]] na katika nchi za Kusini mwa Afrika za Malawi na Kongo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Benton|first=G. A.|title=Restaurant review: Riziki Swahili Grill takes patrons on a tasty culinary trip to Africa|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/lifestyle/2021/03/17/riziki-swahili-grill-tasty-culinary-trip-africa-northland-columbus/6946782002/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US}}</ref> Neno la [[Kiswahili]] ''kachumbari'' latokana na neno [[Uhindi|la Kihindi]] ''cachumber''. Kacuhumbari hutengenezwa kutokana na vitunguu vibichi vilivyokatwa vipande vilivyochanganywa na nyanya mbichi, maji ya limau au siki na vijiko vidogo vya chumvi ya mezani. == Matumizi == Kachumbari hutumika kama kitoweo cha kando cha mlo mkuu. Nchini Kenya, hutumika kama kitoweo kinachoandaliwa na ''pilau'' ( [[pilau]] ), <ref name="Bala">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Bala|first=Nithu|title=Kachumbari - East African Salad|url=https://www.nithubala.com/2010/04/kachumbari-eastern-african-salad.html|publisher=nithubala.com|accessdate=24 July 2012}}</ref> [[mukimo]], <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Recipe: Mukimo|url=http://www.africancook.co.ke/mukimo/|work=African Cook|accessdate=2012-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623013608/http://africancook.co.ke/mukimo/|archivedate=2012-06-23}}</ref> au mlo wa ''nyama choma'' (nyama iliyochomwa) na ''[[ugali]]''. Nchini Tanzania, huliwa na wali, pilau au ''biryani'' . Nchini Malawi, kwa kawaida huliwa peke yake kama kilivyo, nchini Uganda kwa kawaida huliwa na ''nyama choma'' . == Tofauti == Viungo vingine, kama vile ndimu au maji ya limau, daniya mbichi, parachichi, au tango, na katika baadhi ya matukio gin huongezewa mvinyo, ambao huweza kuongezwa. Baadhi ya maandalizi pia huhitaji pilipili hoho ama pilipili mbichi iliyosagwa. <ref name="Bala">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Bala|first=Nithu|title=Kachumbari - East African Salad|url=https://www.nithubala.com/2010/04/kachumbari-eastern-african-salad.html|publisher=nithubala.com|accessdate=24 July 2012}}</ref> Kachumbari ni maarufu katika eneo lote la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na inaweza kuliwa na pilau ya Kiafrika na ''biryani'' ya Kiafrika. Nchini [[Malawi]], inaitwa ''sumu'' au ''shum'' au tu "saladi ya nyanya na kitunguu". == Tazama pia == {{Lango|Food}} * Saladi ya Afghanistan, saladi inayofanana na hiyo kutoka Afghanistan * Saladi ya Kiarabu, saladi inayofanana na hiyo kutoka ulimwengu wa Kiarabu * Çoban salatası, saladi sawa kutoka Uturuki * Saladi ya Kigiriki, saladi inayofanana na hiyo kutoka Ugiriki * Saladi ya Israeli, saladi inayofanana na hiyo kutoka Israeli * Kachumber, saladi kama hiyo kutoka India * Pico de gallo, salsa sawa kutoka Mexico * Saladi ya Kiserbia, saladi inayofanana na hiyo kutoka Serbia * Saladi ya Shirazi, saladi inayofanana na hiyo kutoka Iran * Shopska saladi, saladi sawa kutoka Bulgaria * Orodha ya vyakula vya Kiafrika * Orodha ya vyakula vya vitunguu <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|refs=<ref name="Sheen 2010 p. 48">{{cite book | last=Sheen | first=B. | title=Foods of Kenya | publisher=Greenhaven Publishing | series=A Taste of Culture | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-7377-4813-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OINmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48 | access-date=22 August 2019 | page=48}}</ref>}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.congocookbook.com/vegetable_and_side_dish_recipes/kachumbari.html Kiingilio cha Kachumbari kutoka Congocookbook.com] Archived {{African cuisine}}{{Condiments}}a [[Jamii:Salads]] [[Jamii:African cuisine]] [[Jamii:Kenyan cuisine]] [[Jamii:Onion based foods]] 26f93yjxof2jydsf698z67s2or9nwu8 0 92759 1581970 1574175 2026-07-26T16:44:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Upatanisho wa imani na sayansi''' ni juhudi zinazofanywa na watu wa [[dini]] mbalimbali kuondoa mzozo uliotokea kati ya [[imani]] na [[sayansi]], hasa kuhusu suala la [[uumbaji]] kuhusiana na [[mageuko ya spishi]]. Juhudi hizo zinaitwa pengine kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''theistic evolution, theistic evolutionism, evolutionary creationism, divine direction, au God-guided evolution''<ref>According to [[Eugenie Scott]]: "In one form or another, Theistic Evolutionism is the view of creation taught at the majority of [[mainline Protestant]] [[seminaries]], and it is the official position of the Catholic church." Studies show that acceptance of evolution is lower in the United States than in Europe or Japan; among 34 countries sampled, only [[Turkey]] had a lower rate of acceptance than the United States. {{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1126746 |title=Science Communication: Public Acceptance of Evolution |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-08-11_313_5788/page/764 |year=2006 |last1=Miller|first1=J. D.|journal=Science |volume=313 |issue=5788| pages=765–6 |pmid=16902112 |last2=Scott |first2=E. C. |last3=Okamoto |first3=S.}}</ref>. Ieleweke mapema kwamba juhudi hizo hazilengi kutunga au kupitisha [[nadharia]] yoyote katika sayansi, ila kuonyesha uwezekano wa kukubali [[Ukweli|kweli]] zilizothibitishwa na [[utafiti]] wa sayansi pamoja na kweli zilizosadikiwa kwa kupokea [[ufunuo]] wa [[Mwenyezi Mungu]]. Juhudi zinapingwa na [[wanasayansi]] wanaoshikilia [[uyakinifu]] na vilevile na watu wenye [[itikadi kali]] katika [[dini]]. ==Asili ya suala hilo== Mzozo wa [[uumbaji]]-[[Mageuko ya spishi|mageuko]] unahusisha mjadala unaoendelea na kuendeshwa hata katika [[utamaduni]] na [[siasa]] kuhusu [[asili]] ya [[Dunia]], mwanadamu na wengineo. Zamani iliaminika bila shaka kuwa vyote vilivyopo viliumbwa vile vilivyo na vinavyoonekana. Katika enzi za sasa, na haswa baada ya mabadiliko ya [[karne ya 19]], mageuko ya spishi kutokana na uteuzi maalumu unaotenda kazi kiasili katika viumbe au katika makundi ya viumbe yamethibitishwa na [[sayansi]] kuwa ndiyo msingi au chipuko na sababu ya dhati ya [[uhai]] na sifa zinazopatikana katika viumbe hivyo vya sasa au zilizopatikana katika viumbe enzi za kale. Kwa namna hiyo wapo [[wanasayansi]] wanaopinga [[imani]] na wapo [[wahubiri]] wa dini wanaopinga [[sayansi]]. Kumbe watetezi wa upatanisho wa imani na sayansi wanaona si lazima uwepo upinzani kati ya hizo mbili kwa sababu kila moja inakabili masuala yake kwa namna yake. Yaani sayansi inachunguza [[ulimwengu]] na vyote vilivyomo kwa [[vipimo]] na utafiti wa kitaalamu, wakati imani inataka kupokea [[ufunuo]] wa Mungu ambao hauwezi kukanusha ukweli wowote<ref>Pope John Paul II, 3 October 1981 to the Pontifical Academy of Science, [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP2COSM.HTM "Cosmology and Fundamental Physics"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP2COSM.HTM |date=20170805205216 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050312083948/http://www.uwosh.edu/colleges/cols/religion_science_collaboration.htm |title = An Open Letter Concerning Religion and Science|archivedate = 12 March 2005|publisher = University of Wisconsin Oshkosh|url = http://www.uwosh.edu/colleges/cols/religion_science_collaboration.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Glover | first=Gordon J. | year=2007 | title=Beyond the Firmament: Understanding Science and the Theology of Creation | url=https://archive.org/details/beyondfirmamentu0000glov | location= Chesapeake, VA| publisher=Watertree | isbn=978-0-9787186-1-9 }}</ref>. ==Suala linavyojitokeza kwa kawaida== ''Mtu wa kwanza alitoka wapi'' ni swali ambalo wengi wanajiuliza bila kupata jibu la hakika. Kwa namna ya pekee [[wanafunzi]] wa [[shule]] wanapofundishwa katika [[historia]] kuwa [[mtu]] wa kwanza alitokana na [[kiumbehai]] mwenye [[asili]] [[moja]] na [[sokwe]]. Kumbe katika [[dini]] zao wanafundishwa kwamba mtu aliumbwa na [[Mungu]]. Hivyo wanajiuliza, lipi sahihi? Wapo wengi wanaodhani ni lazima kuchagua moja katika ya hayo mawili: ama kwamba mtu ametokana na kiumbehai aliyetangulia ama kwamba Mungu alimuumba mtu wa kwanza kama tulivyo sisi leo. ===Katika sayansi=== Sayansi imechunguza viumbehai waliopo [[duniani]] sasa na mabaki ya wale waliokuwepo zamani. Hasa baada ya kugundua [[DNA]] imeweza kuona uhusiano kati ya hao viumbehai mbalimbali. Hivyo imethibitisha kwamba [[mwili]] wa [[binadamu]] na ule wa sokwe imetokana na kiumbehai wa zamani (miaka [[milioni]] 5 au zaidi iliyopita) katika mlolongo wa [[mageuko ya spishi]]. Lakini sayansi haiwezi kusema kitu juu ya [[roho]], kwa sababu si [[mata]], hivyo haipimiki. Zaidi sana haiwezi kusema lolote juu ya Mungu, kwa sababu si wa [[ulimwengu]] huu. Hata hivyo wapo wanasayansi wengi ambao walisadiki na wanasadiki dini fulani bila shida yoyote. ===Katika imani na dini=== Tofauti na itikadi kali katika dini, kuna mitazamo inayolenga kujumuisha au kupatanisha ujuzi kutoka maeneo haya mawili, yaani imani na sayansi. Ni kwamba wanaomuamini Mungu kama [[muumba]] wa vitu vyote, vinavyoonekana na visivyoonekana, si lazima wasadiki kwamba aliviumba vyote kama vilivyo sasa<ref name=collins-def>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1038/442110a|pmid= 16837980|title= Building bridges|year= 2006|journal= Nature|volume= 442|issue= 7099|page= 110}}</ref><ref>Stipe, Claude E., "Scientific Creationism and Evangelical Christianity", ''American Anthropologist'', New Series, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), p. 149, Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/677678 JSTOR]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Francis S. |title=The Language of God |url=https://archive.org/details/languageofgod00fran |url-access=registration |date=2007 |publisher=Free Press |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/languageofgod00fran/page/200 200]}}</ref>. La sivyo wangeshindwa kueleza kwa nini watu wa leo wametofuatiana hivi kati yao, wakati wanaaminika wote kuwa [[watoto]] wa [[Adamu]] na [[Eva]]. Mabadiliko yaliweza kutokea kadiri ya [[maisha]] na [[mazingira]] yao, na bado yanazidi kutokea: kwa mfano leo watoto wanakuwa warefu zaidi. Jambo la msingi kwa imani ni kwamba vyote asili yake ni Mungu tu aliyeviumba kwa [[hiari]] yake<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/Lamoureux_Scholarly_Essay.pdf|title=Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution|author=Denis O. Lamoureux|year=2003|publisher=University of Alberta|quote=The most important word in the term evolutionary creation is the noun "creation". These Christian evolutionists are first and foremost thoroughly committed and unapologetic creationists. They believe that the world is a creation that is absolutely dependent for every instant of its existence on the will and grace of the Creator. The qualifying word in this category is the adjective "evolutionary", indicating simply the method through which the Lord made the cosmos and living organisms. This view of origins is often referred to as "theistic evolution". However, such a word arrangement places the process of evolution as the primary term, and makes the Creator secondary as merely a qualifying adjective.|accessdate=25 April 2012|archive-date=2012-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519040156/http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/Lamoureux_Scholarly_Essay.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Hata leo Mungu anazidi kuumba watu na viumbe vingine, lakini anatumia [[wazazi]] wao, hawaumbi moja kwa moja. Ni vilevile kuhusu mtu wa kwanza: hata kama Mungu alitumia kiumbehai aliyetangulia katika kumuumba [[Adamu]] anabaki muumba wake kwa sababu hata kiumbe huyo alikuwa kazi yake kama ulimwengu wote ulivyo kadiri ya imani<ref name=EvC> ''Evolution Vs. Creationism'', [[Eugenie Scott]], Niles Eldredge, p62-63 </ref>.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://sites.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/evolutionary_creation.pdf|title=Evolutionary Creation: Moving Beyond the Evolution vs Creation Debate|first = Denis O.|last = Lamoureux|via=ualberta.ca|journal =Christian Higher Education|volume= 9|pages=28–48|doi = 10.1080/15363750903018231}}</ref> ===Katika falsafa=== Kuna wakati ni vigumu kulinganisha sayansi na dini. Dini inamhusu Mungu ambaye ndiye Mwanzo wa vitu vyote. [[Mwanafalsafa]] [[Emmanuel Kant]] alisema kinachoanza ni kitu kisichoonekana, na ndicho kinasababisha kitu cha wazi kutokea. Kama ni hivyo basi, sayansi na dini ni vitu viwili tofauti, ingawa vina uhusiano kama vile [[baba]] na [[mama]] ni watu wawili tofauti ingawa wanahusiana. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Vyanzo== * [[Mariano Artigas|Artigas, Mariano]]; Glick, Thomas F., Martínez, Rafael A.; ''Negotiating Darwin: the Vatican confronts evolution, 1877–1902'', JHU Press, 2006, ISBN|0-8018-8389-X, 9780801883897, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8WrXHnQf8MC&pg=PA5&dq=Darwin+Galileo+Catholic+Church&ei=f2kdSsi2MIrOM_mamcMC#PPA5,M1 Google books] * {{cite book|last=Bowler|first=Peter J.|authorlink=Peter J. Bowler|title=The Eclipse of Darwinism: anti-Darwinian evolutionary theories in the decades around 1900|url=https://archive.org/details/eclipseofdarwini0000bowl_v6z4|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year= 1992|isbn=978-0-8018-4391-4 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Bowler|first=Peter J.|authorlink=Peter J. Bowler|title=Evolution:The History of an Idea|publisher=University of California Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-520-23693-6|ref=harv|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8}} * Brundell, Barry, "Catholic Church Politics and Evolution Theory, 1894-1902", ''The British Journal for the History of Science'', Vol. 34, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), pp.&nbsp;81–95, Cambridge University Press on behalf of The British Society for the History of Science, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4028040 JSTOR] * {{cite book|last1=Desmond|first1=Adrian J.|last2=Moore|first2=James Richard|title=Darwin|url=https://archive.org/details/darwin0000desm|publisher=Michael Joseph|date=1991|origyear=1969|ref=harv}} * [[Hans Küng|Kung, Hans]], ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XGaEjPVw9cwC&pg=PA91&dq=Darwin+Galileo+Catholic+Church&ei=x24dSrXbA5S4NrzUzMcP#PPA94,M1The beginning of all things: science and religion]'', trans. John Bowden, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, ISBN|0-8028-0763-1, ISBN|978-0-8028-0763-2. ] * {{cite book |last=Larson |first=Edward J. |authorlink=Edward Larson |title=Evolution: The Remarkable History of Scientific Theory |publisher=Modern Library |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-679-64288-6 |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionremarka00lars }} * {{cite book |last=Numbers |first=Ronald L. |authorlink=Ronald Numbers|title = The Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism |url = https://archive.org/details/creationistsevol0000numb|url-access=registration |origyear = 1992|year = 1993 |publisher = University of California Press |isbn=9780520083936 |ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last = Numbers |first = Ronald |authorlink = Ronald Numbers |title = The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition |publisher = Harvard University Press |date=November 30, 2006 |ref=harv |isbn=978-0-674-02339-0|title-link = The Creationists }} * [[Karl Rahner|Rahner, Karl]], ''Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise Sacramentum Mundi'', 1975, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN|0860120066, 9780860120063, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WtnR-6_PlJAC&pg=PA486&lpg=PA486&dq google books] *[[Eugenie C. Scott|Scott, Eugenie C.]], "Antievolution and Creationism in the United States", ''Annual Review of Anthropology'', Vol. 26, (1997), pp.&nbsp;263–289, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2952523 JSTOR] ==Marejeo mengine== ===Mitazamo ya kisasa=== *[[Francis Collins|Collins, Francis]]; (2006) ''The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief'' ISBN|0-7432-8639-1 *[[Michael Dowd]] (2009) ''Thank God for Evolution: How the Marriage of Science and Religion Will Transform Your Life and Our World'' ISBN|0-452-29534-3 *[[Darrel Falk|Falk, Darrel]]; (2004) ''Coming to Peace with Science: Bridging the Worlds Between Faith and Biology'' ISBN|0-8308-2742-0 *[[Kenneth R. Miller|Miller, Kenneth R.]]; (1999) ''Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution'' ISBN|0-06-093049-7 *[[Keith B. Miller|Miller, Keith B.]]; (2003) ''Perspectives on an Evolving Creation'' ISBN|0-8028-0512-4 *Corrado Ghinamo; (2013) ''The Beautiful Scientist: a Spiritual Approach to Science'' ISBN|1621474623; ISBN|978-1621474623 ===Historia ya suala hilo=== *Appleby, R. Scott. ''Between Americanism and Modernism; John Zahm and Theistic Evolution'', in ''Critical Issues in American Religious History: A Reader'', Ed. by Robert R. Mathisen, 2nd revised edn., Baylor University Press, 2006, ISBN|1-932792-39-2, ISBN|978-1-932792-39-3. [https://books.google.com/books?id=o6XnSnc4N1IC&pg=PA423&dq=Holy+Cross+%22John+Augustine+Zahm%22+evolution&ei=488dSqygIYjCyQTa_cyfAw#PPA423,M1 Google books] *Harrison, Brian W., [http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt93.html Early Vatican Responses to Evolutionist Theology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt93.html |date=20201111223112 }}, ''Living Tradition'', Organ of the Roman Theological Forum, May 2001. *Morrison, John L., "William Seton: A Catholic Darwinist", ''The Review of Politics'', Vol. 21, No. 3 (Jul., 1959), pp.&nbsp;566–584, Cambridge University Press for the University of Notre Dame du lac, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405578 JSTOR] *O'Leary, John. ''Roman Catholicism and modern science: a history'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN|0-8264-1868-6, ISBN|978-0-8264-1868-5 [https://books.google.com/books?id=5tieP7-FuYsC&pg=RA1-PA215&dq=Evolution+catholic+education&as_brr=3&ei=xjQdSs2KAYioM7GX3LoJ#PRA1-PA42,M1 Google books] ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/Lamoureux_Scholarly_Essay.pdf Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution] {{Wayback|url=http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/Lamoureux_Scholarly_Essay.pdf |date=20120519040156 }} by [[Denis Lamoureux]] ([[St. Joseph's College, Edmonton]]) * [http://atheism.about.com/od/creationismcreationists/p/theistic.htm About: Agnosticism/Atheism on 'Theistic Evolution & Evolutionary Creationism'] {{Wayback|url=http://atheism.about.com/od/creationismcreationists/p/theistic.htm |date=20130424011226 }} by Austin Cline; overview of various viewpoints * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605141857/http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/CU/ac1007.asp Creationism: What's a Catholic to Do?] by Michael D. Guinan, O.F.M.; critical assessment of creationism and intelligent design from a Roman Catholic perspective. * [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/wic.html What is Creationism?] by Mark Isaak, presents various forms of creationism * [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolution-definition.html What is Evolution?] by Laurence Moran, presents a standard definition for evolution * [http://www.answersincreation.org Answers In Creation] Old Earth Creationism, with section on theistic evolution * [http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/sunrise/52-02-3/sc-wtst3.htm Evolution & Creation: A Theosophic Synthesis] Surveys critical problems in Darwinist explanations and common theistic views; explores ancient and modern "excluded middle" alternatives * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090221042514/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/vaticanview.html The Vatican's View of Evolution: The Story of Two Popes] by Doug Linder (2004) * [http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/17_townes.shtml Nobel Prize winner Charles Townes on evolution and "intelligent design"] * [http://www.allviewpoints.org/RESOURCES/EVOLUTION/spectrum.htm Spectrum of Creation Beliefs] {{Wayback|url=http://www.allviewpoints.org/RESOURCES/EVOLUTION/spectrum.htm |date=20151215225259 }} From Flat Earthism to Atheistic Evolutionism, including Theistic Evolution * [http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive Human Timeline (Interactive)] – [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]], [[National Museum of Natural History]] (August 2016). ===Taasisi za kutetea upatanisho wa imani na sayansi=== *[http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-god.html God and Evolution] at the [[TalkOrigins Archive]] *[http://www.theisticevolution.org/ Perspectives on Theistic Evolution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theisticevolution.org/ |date=20210425195540 }} An examination of both the theological and scientific aspects of theistic evolution. *[http://www.uwosh.edu/colleges/cols/clergy_project.htm The "Clergy Letter" Project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uwosh.edu/colleges/cols/clergy_project.htm |date=20080509100830 }} signed by thousands of clergy supporting evolution and faith {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Dini]] [[Jamii:Sayansi]] [[Jamii:Falsafa]] [[Jamii:Historia]] c5fc5zxedvofidsdlxbxahj9xf4wewg 3 105398 1582073 1580546 2026-07-27T10:07:29Z Jaklini 88346 /* Question from Jaklini (10:07, 27 Julai 2026) */ mjadala mpya 1582073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Sigma Octantis == Ndugu, ulibadilisha nyota kadhaa kutoka ngeli ya "i-zi" kwenda "li-ma" ambayo si Kiswahili sahihi. Mfano "[[Thumni (kundinyota)|Sigma Octantis iko karibu]]" ulipeleka "Sigma Octantis liko karibu". Nimerudisha mara kadhaa sijapata muda kuangalia yote. Ilhali wewe bado mgeni heri utumie kwanza ukurasa wa majadiliano kabla ya kubadilisha! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 20 Julai 2019 (UTC) :Ndugu, hongera kwa michango yako. Hata hivyo angalia nilivyoboresha namna moja michango ya mwisho ili ufanye mwenyewe katika makala zijazo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 6 Novemba 2019 (UTC) ::Naona unazidi kukamilika. Sasa uzoee kuunganisha ukurasa wa Kiswahili na zile za lugha nyingine. Kiungo kinapatikana pembeni kushoto, ilipoandikwa "Add link". --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:29, 11 Novemba 2019 (UTC) ==Interwiki== Asante kwa makala za wanariadha. Lakini naomba upitilie tena zote. Umesahau "interwiki", yaani kuunganisha makala yako na lugha zingine. Hii unafanya mwishoni -kama mada ina makala katika enwiki au wikipedia nyingine- kwa kubofya kushoto-chini <small>(nje ya sehemu ya kuhariri)</small> kwa "Lugha- Add links", halafu ingiza "enwiki" dirisha la juu na jina la makala husika dirisha la chini, hakikisha ni sawa, halafu uthibitishe. [[Maalum:Michango/197.250.225.2|197.250.225.2]] 20:43, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Mashindano ya picha== Ndugu, usijidanganye kwamba utashinda tuzo kwa kubadilisha maneno ya kuelezea picha zilizomo tayari katika makala za Wikipedia... Ni lazima uongeze picha pale ambapo hazipo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 15 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Ndugu [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], mimi sishiriki katika mashindano ila najaribu kuangalia sehemu ambazo washiriki wa mashindano wamefanya nakujaribu kuongeza ubora na kusahihisha sehemu ambazo naona zinaweza zikawa bora zaidi. Je ni vibaya kufanya hivi? Amani kwako pia! Nashukuru sana. ::Hiyo si mbaya, lakini kama ni hivyo hutakiwi kuandika katika muhtasari #WPWP #WPWPTZ, la sivyo unaonekana tapeli... Basi, endelea na juhudi zako. Tupo pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:25, 15 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ::: Asante == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:44, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC)</font> ==Hongera== Napenda kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako katika Wikipedia, ila hakikisha kwamba makala zako zieleweke kwa Kiswahili. Unavyojua, tafsiri ya kompyuta haisaidii sana. Endelea kuangalia kama pengine ninarekebisha michango yako ili uzidi kukomaa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:36, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ::Asante sana --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ebenezer Mlay|Ebenezer Mlay]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ebenezer Mlay#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 16 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Ndugu, kigezo mbegu-mtu kinatumika ikiwa tu hakuna kingine cha pekee zaidi kama mbegu-mwandishi, mbegu-igiza-filamu n.k. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 18 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Asante kwa kunielewesha. --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:24, 19 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Zuio== Umefanya vizuri, kwa kuwa amefuta matini sahihi na ameingiza upuuzi wa Kiingereza: yote hayo ni makosa makubwa! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 19 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Kigezo cha Vyanzo== Siku hizi unaweka mara nyingi kigezo hicho. Badala ya kuridhika kuweka vigezo vinavyoagiza kazi fulani, tunashauriwa kufanya wenyewe kazi hiyo, yaani tuboreshe makala, si kuilaumu tu. Pia zingatia kwamba makala nyingi za zamani hazina vyanzo kwa sababu ya kutovisisitiza mwanzoni mwa Wiki yetu. Hatimaye makala nyingine haziwezi kuwa ndefu wala kuwa na vyanzo vingi kutokana na mada yenyewe. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:36, 21 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Mpendwa [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] asante sana kwa muongozo huu, mara nyingi nikiwa nina muda mchache wa kupitia makala baadhi nikikuta hazina vyanzo vya kutosha naweka kigezo cha vyanzo. Ila nikiwa na muda najaribu kupitia makala na kuifanya iwe bora. Nina mpango nikipata muda mwingi zaidi kuzipitia zote ambazo nimeziwekea kigezo hicho. Je ni sawa? Je naweza nikaweka kigezo cha citation needed badala ya kigezo cha vyanzo? Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' ::Kama lengo ni kuzipitia baadaye ni sawa kabisa. La sivyo njia ya pili ni afadhali. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:14, 23 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==Jamii== Habari naona unafaya kazi kubwa kupitilia jamii za makala. Asante! NImeona jambo moja ambalo halisaidii machoni pangu., ukiongeza "Jamii:Watu wa NCHIXX" pia pale ambako makala imeshapangwa katika "Jamii:Wanawake wa NCHIXXX". Unaona faida gani? Mi mi naona si kitu kwa nchi penye watu wachache walio na makala, lakini kama idadi yao inaongezeka, haisaidii tena ninavyoona. Mfano kama watu wa TZ wako wote chini "watu wa Tanzania", tuanapata hapa orodha ndefu kupita kiasi ambacho halivuti kulipitilia. Tukiwapanga zaidi katika jamii ndogo, ni rahisi zaidi kutafuta. Kutafuta jina, linapatikana popote kupitia dirisha. Unaonaje? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:40, 28 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :Habari [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], Asante kwa mchango huu naona inaleta maana, ila vipi kama kungekua jamii ndogo ya "Jamii:Wanaume wa NCHI XXX" kwa sababu kama kwenye jamii ya watu wa nchi fulani kukawa na makala ya wanaume tu halafu kukawa na jamii ndogo ya wanawake pekee hii naona haileti picha nzuri kwangu. Unaonaje? --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:51, 28 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ::Hiyo hoja ina mashiko: kuwa na jamii kwa wanawake, si kwa wanaume, ni kutokana na hali ya wanawake kukosa usawa. Lakini siku hizi? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:42, 28 Aprili 2021 (UTC) :::Kwa kawaida naona vema kama mtu anapangwa kwanza katika jamii ya fani au kazi , kama "Jamii:Wanasheria wa NCHI XXX", tukiwa na wengi inawezakana pia "Jamii:Watu kutoka MKOA YYY"; kwa wanawake tumeanzisha pia jamii kama "Wanawaka wa NCHI XXX" au "Wanasheria wa kike wa XXX". Hapa tumefuata mfano wa lugha nyingine; sijui kama yeyote alianzisha jamii za wanaume. Tunaweza kufanya.... - Sababu ya jamii ya pekee kwa wanawake ni kwamba hao ni wachache (bado) katika fani nyingi.Kwa hiyo sipingi kuanzisha jamii za wanaume, ila sitegemei italeta mafanikio. Tulikuwa na wahariri (nadhani Baba Tabita) aliyeongeza mara nyingi "Watu walio hai" (ambayo mimi sioni faida yake, siku hizi sijaiona tena sana...). '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 15:29, 30 Aprili 2021 (UTC) ==[[Pregs Govender]]== Naona tumeingiliana. Nilikuwa nikiongeza kufungu cha mwisho, naona umehamisha yote kwenda lemma sahihi, asante. Hivyo nilifungua makala kwa jina jipya na kumwaga mle matini yote kutoka ukurasa wangu, pamoja na yale niyokuwa nayo ya juu. Ila sikujua kwamba ulihariri mengine pia. Sasa inawezekana nimeweka matini yangu juu ya sehemu ulizoboresha, kama ni vile, nisamehe. Tafadhali pitilia tena kifupi na uone kama nimefuta maboresho kadhaa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:39, 6 Mei 2021 (UTC) :Hakuna shida kabisa nitaipitia makala hiyo tena. Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:33, 6 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Tafsiri ya Wikimedia== Naona umemuuliza Kipala pia. Tupo pamoja. Mimi sipendi kutumia kifaa hicho, ila nakubali kinaweza kusaidia ikiwa watumiaji wanachukua muda kupitia kwa makini tafsiri ya mashine hadi ieleweke. Shida kubwa ni kwamba wanataka makala ndefu, halafu wanachoka kuipitia, hivyo wanatuachia sisi kazi kubwa mno! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 17 Mei 2021 (UTC) ::Kwa kweli naona unafuatilia masahihisho yangu na kujifunza vizuri. Pia nakupongeza kwa juhudi za kueneza Wiki yetu. Michango sasa ni mingi, kiasi kwamba sitaweza tena kuipitia yote, hasa ukizingatia kwamba watumiaji wapya wanafanya makosa mengi. Tena kwa kutumia tafsiri ya kompyuta wanatunga kurasa ndefu. Kazi hiyo nakuachieni nyinyi vijana... Ndiyo sababu tuliwachagua kuwa wakabidhi wenzetu! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:42, 29 Mei 2021 (UTC) :::Asante sana [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]. Makala zote zilizoundwa hivi karibuni na wahariri wapy kutokea Arusha tutazipitia kwa takribani siku mbili tukiwa pamoja na wahariri hawa wote ili kufanya masahihisho. Kwa kutumia hii njia nadhani wahariri hawa watajifunza kutokana na makosa amabayo wameyafanya kwenye makala hizi. Pia tutajitahidi kuwa watumiaji wote wapya hawatopata nafasi ya kutunga makala ndefu wakati wanaanza kujifunza kuandika. Vivyo hivyo tutatilia msistizo wa kutokutumia tafsiri ya kompyuta katika kuhariri. Asante -- --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:33, 31 Mei 2021 (UTC) ::::Vizuri sana. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 31 Mei 2021 (UTC) == How to supply my email == I am a local researcher, and I have written about handful of communities whose details and not found in Wikipedia. I love to supply this first-hand information in Wikipedia. Thank you for welcoming me. Please I want to know also, how I can supply my email. More so, is their chances for monetization? '''[[Mtumiaji:Hilspress|Hilspress]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hilspress|majadiliano]])''' 07:39, 30 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya Haki za Binadamu== Salamu, sijajua ufafanuzi unasemaj zaidi e hadi sasa kuhusu shindano la makala ya haki za binadamu, lakini unaweza kupitia makala ya ''Mauaji ya Maalbino'', labda inawezekana jamii hiyo ni kwa ajili ya kutrack makala zote mpya zitakazohusu haki za binadamu, naona imeunganishwa katika jamii ya Makala ya haki za binadamu,ila bado nasubiri ufafanuzi zaidi ,Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' :Habari [[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]], nadhani niliona maelekezo ya kwamba mtu yoyote anaeshiriki katika hili shindano akichapisha kurasa yoyote kuhusiana na haki za binadamu inapaswa kuweka hiyo jamii. Katika makala ya ''Mauaji ya Maalbino'' jamii hii haikuwepo hivyo nikaona niiongeze. Ila [[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] anaweza kutupa mwonggozo zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:40, 3 Juni 2021 (UTC) :::Ahsanteni kwa michango, tumeweka jamii hiyo ili kurahisisha kupata makala zote zitakazo andikwa wakati wa mradi. Maelekezo zaidi juu ya ushiriki wa mradi yatatolewa hivi karibuni na [[user:Jadnapac]]. Karibuni tuendeleee kushirikiana. == Campaigns Product Update #1 == Hello Campaigns Newsletter recipients. We are ready to share our first updates: * '''We will be hosting our first Campaigns Product Office hour''' with the Product team on '''September 9, 2021 at 3 PM UTC''' (join us on Zoom: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87427100681) . The Office hour will focus on the introduction of the Product team and its choice of of a first feature focused on Event Registration. For more information see: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Programs_Team#Office_Hours * '''We have published our first document about the first feature''': '''event registration'''.  You can find the document on Meta: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration . We provided first responses to initial feedback last week. If you responded before, consider reviewing the talk page and adding to the conversation. * '''We had several presentations at Wikimania:''' ** Ilana Fried presented the Campaign Product team as part of a larger conversation about Wikimedia Foundation Product Strategy. Campaigns product start at 18:12 time:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&t=1103s&ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57GzJ4GEvCQ&t=1103] ** Alex Stinson facilitated a session on the role of partners in International Campaigns:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS1k8_6QWPY '''What is next?''' At the office hours, we will share our first version of the designs for the Registration feature, and be asking for feedback. Additionally we will be onboarding our engineering team who will be building the registration feature. Please invite  other organizers to subscribe to this newsletter or unsubscribe at: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers   The Campaign Product Team <!-- Message sent by User:Astinson (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=21958270 --> == Campaigns Product Update #2 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *'''Request for Feedback''': We have shared our project principles, wireframes for the desktop version, and open questions for you about the team’s event registration project. See the latest status updates [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates '''here'''.] :Wireframes are design tools that imagine the future interface of the software. We haven’t built anything yet. We need your feedback on these designs so that we can make better product decisions. You can give feedback on the talk page regarding the design and features of the wireframes. We would love to hear your comments to help us establish the next necessary steps for the project. :[[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&_wireframes_(October_2021)|'''''Please share with us your feedback!''''']] *'''Presentations''': The Campaign Product team participated in [[m:WikiArabia/2021|WikiArabia 2021]] and [[m:WikiConference North America/2021|WikiConference North America 2021]] to give a brief introduction on how the team works. Senior Program Strategist [[User:Astinson (WMF)|Alex Stinson]] gave an overview about campaigns and how we can scale the organizing experience within the Movement. Senior Product Manager [[User:IFried (WMF)|Ilana Fried]] gave an introduction about the Product Team and the project wireframes of the first campaign software solution: the on-wiki registration tool. View the recorded presentation [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AYknkmHGyI&t=751s '''here'''.] *'''Team update''': We have hired our first team engineer, [[User:JCarvalho (WMF)|JCarvalho]] and our campaign organizing fellow, [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]]. Newsletter updates will be done by [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal]] and she will be coordinating with you! We hope to have the rest of the engineering team onboard soon! For those of who missed the last Campaign Office Hour, you may [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI watch the recording] to know more about the Campaign Product Team. '''What is next?''' :'''Testers Needed'''! We will be partnering with [https://yux.design/ '''YUX'''], a design research agency, to learn how our team can improve the experience of Wikimedia campaign organizers and participants in Africa. For this reason, we are looking for community members who are willing to be part of the rapid testing sessions. Preferably, we want organizers and editors who have worked in an African context. If you would like to participate in testing, please email {{email|ibrazal-ctr|wikimedia.org}}. :'''Upcoming Conferences'''. [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|'''Wiki Indaba 2021''']]. This year, the conference will be held virtually on November 5-7, 2021 with the theme "'''''Rethink + Reset : Visions of the future'''''". Read more about the conference [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021|here]] or [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2021/Registration Information| register]] to join the event. We will be presenting the registration features on Sunday November 7. :We will also be attending [[m:Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021/Programme/Submissions/Building Organizer Tools for the Future of Campaigns|'''Wikimedia CEE Online Meeting 2021''']], which will be held virtually again this year on November 5-7, 2021. We will be presenting the registration tool on November 6 as part of our communication and sharing process. :'''Translation Support'''. We are also beginning to translate the updates on Registration. If you think your language community would benefit from updates, please translate [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#Status_Updates|here]]. ''Invite other organizers to [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers| subscribe]] to this newsletter for updates!'' The Campaign Product Team </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 16:26, 28 Oktoba 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=22200025 --> == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:CaliBen}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:28, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Campaigns Product Update #3 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces. *'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]]. *'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. ::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype]. ::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). *'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. '''What is next?''' :'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]] :In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can. Thank you! '''The Campaign Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:26, 22 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23033286 --> == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. Join us and share your thoughts on these developments! :Date: '''March 31, 2022''' :Time: 15:00 UTC :Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes. Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting. Thank you. '''The Campaign Product Team''' '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 30 Machi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23066888 --> == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:34, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> ==Jamii== Ndugu, naona leo watu wanaongezea makala mbalimbali jamii ya editathon wakati hawajazichangia hata kidogo. Vipi? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:44, 25 Februari 2023 (UTC) :Ndugu, Watu wapo katika kuboresha makala ambazo tumezifanyia kazi huko nyuma. Hivyo wanafanya kuhakikisha kwamba makala hizi zinakua bora zaidi. Zinawekwa katika jamii hiyo ili wengine waweze kuzipitia zaidi na kuboresha pale wanapoona kuna fursa hiyo. Natumaini hii haina tatizo lolote. Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:49, 25 Februari 2023 (UTC) ::Hawaishii katika kuziweka kwenye jamii tu ila pia wanaongeza au kupunguza vitu vingine pia '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:51, 25 Februari 2023 (UTC) == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Question from [[User:Nemence|Nemence]] on [[Algorithm]] (18:40, 7 Desemba 2023) == Hello,explain types of algorithms --'''[[Mtumiaji:Nemence|Nemence]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nemence|majadiliano]])''' 18:40, 7 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Tremor np|Tremor np]] on [[Akili bandia]] (17:43, 13 Desemba 2023) == Refute the claim that religious terrorism exists --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tremor np|Tremor np]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tremor np|majadiliano]])''' 17:43, 13 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Tremor np|Tremor np]] on [[Akili bandia]] (17:45, 13 Desemba 2023) == Refute the claim that religious terrorism exists --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tremor np|Tremor np]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tremor np|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 13 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Kidawish Daniel|Kidawish Daniel]] (00:57, 16 Desemba 2023) == There is a page named "Messi" on Wikipedia. See also the other search results found. View (previous 20 | next 20) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500) Lionel Messi Lionel Andrés Messi (matamshi ya Kihispania: [ljonel andɾes mesi]; alizaliwa 24 Juni 1987) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Argentina anayecheza katika... 14 KB (1,658 words) - 09:43, 16 December 2022 Mchezaji kikapu Mchezaji wa mpira wa mikono Mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu maarufu kwa jina la Lionel Messi Mchezaji maarufu wa mpira wa miguu, Cristiano Ronaldo... 675 bytes (63 words) - 14:13, 10 November 2019 La Masia wachezaji bora wa dunia (Ballon d'Or) wachezaji hao ni Andres Iniesta, Lionel Messi na Xavi. La Masia pia ni jina la mafunzo ya soka ya FC Barcelona, Awali... 1 KB (139 words) - 13:35, 27 May 2018 24 Juni 1983 - John Lloyd Cruz, mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka Ufilipino 1987 - Lionel Messi, mchezaji wa mpira kutoka Argentina 238 - Maximinus Thrax, Kaisari wa Dola... 2 KB (213 words) - 13:25, 1 October 2023 1987 Juni - Semra Kebede, mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka Ethiopia 24 Juni - Lionel Messi, mchezaji wa mpira kutoka Argentina 26 Juni - Samir Nasri, mchezaji mpira... 3 KB (364 words) - 20:14, 3 July 2016 Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Argentina adhabu ya utata katika dakika ya 87. Argentina, iliyoongozwa na Lionel Messi ilifanya mechi yao ya tano katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia mwaka 2014,... 1 KB (174 words) - 00:32, 9 June 2020 Mshambuliaji nyingi zilitumia mfumo unaohusisha nafasi hii kwa kiasi kikubwa. Lionel Messi wa klabu ya Barcelona amekua mchezaji mwenyemafanikio sana katika miaka... 13 KB (1,469 words) - 10:55, 28 August 2022 Manuel Neuer Mnamo 2014, Neuer alimaliza wa tatu katika upigaji kura, nyuma ya Lionel Messi na Cristiano Ronaldo, kwa tuzo ya FIFA Ballon d'Or. Alipewa Kipa wa UEFA... 1 KB (122 words) - 13:14, 27 September 2020 Olubayo Adefemi ambayo ilimaliza ya pili nyuma ya timu ya Argentina iliyoongozwa na Lionel Messi katika Mashindano ya Vijana ya Kombe la Dunia ya FIFA 2005 huko Uholanzi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Kidawish Daniel|Kidawish Daniel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kidawish Daniel|majadiliano]])''' 00:57, 16 Desemba 2023 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Songoni|Songoni]] on [[Netiboli]] (04:07, 9 Machi 2024) == The rule of netball How to play netball --'''[[Mtumiaji:Songoni|Songoni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Songoni|majadiliano]])''' 04:07, 9 Machi 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo]] on [[Poecilagenia]] (19:14, 17 Machi 2024) == hellow --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 17 Machi 2024 (UTC) == tutu njia zipi rahisi zinazoleta tijakwenye uzalishaji wa mazao!shambani? 1.zao la bishara2.zao la chakila3.zao la kulisha eanya pia == tutumie njia zipi rahisi  zinazoleta tijakwenye uzalishaji wa mazao!shambani?  1.zao la bishara2.zao la chakula3.zao la kulisha wanyama pia '''[[Mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mr.goodluckyunambweakyoo|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 17 Machi 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Graham mashinji|Graham mashinji]] (14:53, 24 Machi 2024) == Hello, how can I use wikipedia in my studies? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Graham mashinji|Graham mashinji]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Graham mashinji|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 24 Machi 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ibrahim hamis kilawe|Ibrahim hamis kilawe]] on [[Sensa]] (12:30, 13 Aprili 2024) == ibrahimhamis@705lime.com --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ibrahim hamis kilawe|Ibrahim hamis kilawe]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ibrahim hamis kilawe|majadiliano]])''' 12:30, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC) == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Question from [[User:Helmina Mapunda|Helmina Mapunda]] (14:03, 16 Mei 2024) == Good evening , incase to get a typo error on the heading , how to edit that please. thanks --'''[[Mtumiaji:Helmina Mapunda|Helmina Mapunda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Helmina Mapunda|majadiliano]])''' 14:03, 16 Mei 2024 (UTC) :Good evening, I hope it is a page on Kiswahili Wikipedia. If so click on the down arrow near the edit button then click Hamisha Ukurasa the change the name then click save - '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 16 Mei 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:14, 16 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Haulechristina|Haulechristina]] (09:18, 17 Mei 2024) == Asante --'''[[Mtumiaji:Haulechristina|Haulechristina]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Haulechristina|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 17 Mei 2024 (UTC) :Karibu '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:27, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:First Vision T Limited|First Vision T Limited]] (14:18, 17 Mei 2024) == Hello, why i can't see the article i created,it says has been deleted --'''[[Mtumiaji:First Vision T Limited|First Vision T Limited]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:First Vision T Limited|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 17 Mei 2024 (UTC) :It might be that you did not follow all the guidelines for writing a wikipedia article. Please take this course to learn more about creating good articles on Wikipedia. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBCxb9oaz5s Click here] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:27, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:LeonelLenty|LeonelLenty]] on [[American British Academy]] (17:09, 23 Mei 2024) == Hello my name is leonelLenty how can I join that school without money --'''[[Mtumiaji:LeonelLenty|LeonelLenty]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:LeonelLenty|majadiliano]])''' 17:09, 23 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA|ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA]] (13:19, 27 Mei 2024) == how to add photo or image on wikipedia --'''[[Mtumiaji:ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA|ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ABDULAZIZI JUMA JUMANNE MNYAMPANDA|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) :Please visit this link to learn more. [[wikiedudashboard:training/students/images-and-media/add-an-image-to-wikipedia|CLICK HERE]] -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:22, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] (12:53, 9 Juni 2024) == Hello --'''[[Mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 9 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] (12:53, 9 Juni 2024) (2) == how do the challenge works --'''[[Mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|HAGAI HUBERT TEMU]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HAGAI HUBERT TEMU|majadiliano]])''' 12:53, 9 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mweta juma|Mweta juma]] on [[Google Play]] (05:29, 29 Juni 2024) == Mweta juma family --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mweta juma|Mweta juma]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mweta juma|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 29 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mfurahivu|Mfurahivu]] (10:54, 18 Julai 2024) == Hey Eben! I need your assistance. I'd like to ask you how do I categorize article? Recently I've translated an article, added a link to other languages, but I didn't found a way to attach it to "jamiis". Thank you in advance! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mfurahivu|Mfurahivu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mfurahivu|majadiliano]])''' 10:54, 18 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Hello Mfurahivu, :Please reach out via my email where we can schedule a quick call to help you out. :—'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Noel200|Noel200]] (16:38, 12 Agosti 2024) == hello mr --'''[[Mtumiaji:Noel200|Noel200]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Noel200|majadiliano]])''' 16:38, 12 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :Hello —'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Selemani Husein Kibago|Selemani Husein Kibago]] (06:41, 14 Agosti 2024) == Hello Eben Naitaji kujitolea kufanya uhariri katika kazi mbali mbali nifuate utaratibu upi? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Selemani Husein Kibago|Selemani Husein Kibago]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Selemani Husein Kibago|majadiliano]])''' 06:41, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :Habari Selemani, :Karibu sana. Je upo mkoa gani? Nikifahamu upo sehemu itakua ni rahisi kukukutanisha na jamii ya wahariri ili iwe rahisi kwako. :—'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Ndugu == Habari yako? Usharudi nchini? Nimeona kimya kabisa! [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 10:41, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) :Salama, habari? :Bado sijarudi, nitakujulisha nikirudi :'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ::Poa. Shukrani! [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 11:37, 14 Agosti 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ester Gasper Kimario|Ester Gasper Kimario]] (14:11, 31 Oktoba 2024) == HABARI UANWEZA KUNISAIDIA --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ester Gasper Kimario|Ester Gasper Kimario]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ester Gasper Kimario|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) :Ndio, karibu sana Ester —'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:35, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:35, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:YOA MEDIA|YOA MEDIA]] (14:11, 16 Novemba 2024) == Nawazeje kuchapisha makala zangu Wikipedia? --'''[[Mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|YOA MEDIA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 16 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Habari@[[Mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|YOA MEDIA]] Uhahitaji kuchapisha makala kuhusu nini? Tafadhali tizama ukurasa wako wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:YOA MEDIA|majadiliano]] kuna maelezo baadhi ya namna na nini unaweza kufanya. Usisite kunirudia kama hautoelewa chochote. Asante -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:09, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ahabu|Ahabu]] (09:15, 26 Desemba 2024) == Ahabu Godfrey Ng'umbi --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ahabu|Ahabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ahabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:15, 26 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] (17:21, 30 Desemba 2024) == Hello Eben nawekaje picha ninapoedit makala --'''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Habari EmmyTSD :Tafadhali bonyeza kiungo hapa uweze kujifunza namna ya kuongeza picha. [[wikiedudashboard:training/students/images-and-media/add-an-image-to-wikipedia|KIUNGO]] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:01, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Kamilius Ambrose terenzi|Kamilius Ambrose terenzi]] on [[Wikipedia:Request an account]] (13:42, 28 Januari 2025) == maana ya Avieta prdecten --'''[[Mtumiaji:Kamilius Ambrose terenzi|Kamilius Ambrose terenzi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kamilius Ambrose terenzi|majadiliano]])''' 13:42, 28 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Question from [[User:Amosi Jonas Stefano|Amosi Jonas Stefano]] on [[1994]] (09:43, 1 Machi 2025) == National events took place during 1994 in Tanzania --'''[[Mtumiaji:Amosi Jonas Stefano|Amosi Jonas Stefano]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Amosi Jonas Stefano|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 1 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Thobias mgimwa|Thobias mgimwa]] on [[Majadiliano:Januari 2025]] (18:47, 13 Aprili 2025) == Habari ,nahitaji kuweka picha katika chapisho langu nawekaje --'''[[Mtumiaji:Thobias mgimwa|Thobias mgimwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Thobias mgimwa|majadiliano]])''' 18:47, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Thobias mgimwa|Thobias mgimwa]], :Tafadhali bonyeza kiungo hapa uweze kujifunza namna ya kuongeza picha. [[https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msaada:Picha|KIUNGO]] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:43, 14 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] (18:56, 22 Aprili 2025) == How do i add a picture on an article --'''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|majadiliano]])''' 18:56, 22 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Bigchance designer|Bigchance designer]] on [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bigchance designer]] (07:50, 25 Aprili 2025) == habari nahitaji msaada --'''[[Mtumiaji:Bigchance designer|Bigchance designer]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bigchance designer|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 25 Aprili 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Bigchance designer|Bigchance designer]] Karibu. Tukusaidie nini? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:55, 25 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Join the 6th Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign – 2025 Edition == Dear Wikimedia affiliate community leader, Thanks for organizing the previous editions of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos]] Campaign in your community. We invite your community again to participate in the 6th edition of the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign]], a global campaign taking place from July 1 to August 31, 2025. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable photo from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests ([[:m:Wiki Loves Africa|Wiki Loves Africa]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Earth|Wiki Loves Earth]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]], [[:m:Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments]], etc.) over the years. More than 80 Wikimedia affiliates have participated since the campaign was launched in 2020 and have added images to more than 400,000 Wikipedia articles in over 245 Wikipedia languages. Thanks to the volunteer contributors! We now invite your affiliate to organize and lead the campaign within your community. As a local organizer, you may: *Encourage individual members to take part by adding images to Wikipedia articles. *Host edit-a-thons focused on improving visual content. *Organize training workshops to teach contributors how to correctly integrate images into Wikipedia. These activities will help build local capacity and increase visual content across Wikipedia. Please note that for participants to be eligible to participate in the campaign, they need to have registered an account for at least a year before the official start date of the contest. That is, for the 2025 edition, they must have registered an account on or before July 1, 2025. The account can be from any Wikimedia project wikis. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language Wikipedia. We would be glad for you to [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|sign up directly]] at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2025/Participating Communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. With kind regards, [[User:Reading Beans]] On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:43, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:T Cells@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2025/Call_for_participation_letter/Targets_past_organizers&oldid=28745740 --> == Question from [[User:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] on [[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA/ukurasa wa majaribio]] (20:32, 10 Juni 2025) == Hujambo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|majadiliano]])''' 20:32, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] on [[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA/ukurasa wa majaribio]] (20:32, 10 Juni 2025) (2) == Hujambo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EORCENBEHRT MATIAS NDEWA|majadiliano]])''' 20:32, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:KIRISITOHP KINYATA|KIRISITOHP KINYATA]] on [[Wikipedia:About]] (16:06, 2 Julai 2025) == shikamo mmeshindaje --'''[[Mtumiaji:KIRISITOHP KINYATA|KIRISITOHP KINYATA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KIRISITOHP KINYATA|majadiliano]])''' 16:06, 2 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Ostaz Juma|Ostaz Juma]] on [[Mtumiaji:Ostaz Juma Namusoma/Urasimu]] (21:32, 10 Julai 2025) == Habari za jioni je naonekana kwnye wikipedia? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ostaz Juma|Ostaz Juma]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ostaz Juma|majadiliano]])''' 21:32, 10 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju|Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju]] on [[Wakongo]] (06:55, 26 Julai 2025) == Habari, Samahani nimeshindwa kuweka hio sehemu ya juu katika Kiswahili lakini pia nimejaribu kuondoa imekuwa changamoto. Naomba nisaidie katika hili. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju|Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 26 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:58, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Micwolrd|Micwolrd]] on [[Rostam Abdulrasul Aziz]] (18:26, 2 Septemba 2025) == Hlw, nahitaji kujua zaidi kuhusu chama cha mapinduzi na mihimili yake. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Micwolrd|Micwolrd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Micwolrd|majadiliano]])''' 18:26, 2 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Simbamtata|Simbamtata]] (19:53, 8 Oktoba 2025) == Hi ,Nataka kuandika kitu kuhusu mziki wa Singeri --'''[[Mtumiaji:Simbamtata|Simbamtata]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Simbamtata|majadiliano]])''' 19:53, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Simbamtata|Simbamtata]], Je tayari unajua misingi ya uandishi ya makala kwenye Wikipedia? '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:08, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] (10:01, 9 Oktoba 2025) == Habari, Napenda ukuuliza swali mentor, je kwanini wikipedia ya kiswahili ina infobox chache sana ? napenda kuwa mtu ambaye anatengeneza infobox nimejifunza ila je nawezaje kuwa admin ili niweze kuzisakinisha zifanye kazi katika wikipedia ya kiswahili? mentee, Mimi Prowess --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|majadiliano]])''' 10:01, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]], Hongera sana kwa kujifunza namna ya kutengeneza infobox kwenye Wikipedia yetu ya Kiswahili. Kuhusu namna ya kua admin, hufanyika kwa uchaguzi kutoka kwa wachangiaji kwenye Wikipedia yetu. Sina uhakika kwamba uchaguzi unaofuata wa wakabidhi utakua ni lini, wacha niulize wakabidhi wenzangu halafu nitakurudia -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Salaam @[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]], Nimewashirikisha wakabidhi wengine kuhusu kazi nzuri unayoifanya. Baada ya kujadiliana wamesema kwamba infobox ulizozitengeneza zinaweza kutumika bila kusanikisha hivyo hauhitaji kua mkabidhi ili kutengeneza infobox na zikatumika. Hivyo basi endelea na kazi nzuri unayoifanya ya kukuza Wikipedia yetu ya Kiswahili. Asante -'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :::Asante sana mentor @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 12 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Habari ndugu @CaliBen, Nimeona umeweka taarifa juu ya makala tajwa kuwa ni kuhusu sehemu isiyojulikana. Bahati mbaya hizi ni shule chache zenye historia kubwa japo hazijulikani. Kuna haja ya kuziangazia kwa kina zaidi. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mikroworld|Mikroworld]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mikroworld|majadiliano]])''' 21:08, 21 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Karibu mjini == Babu, kheri ya mwaka mpya. Naona mambo mapya. Matendo yanasadifu maana ya mwanzoni mwa mwaka. Kongole. [[Evangelina Oyo Ebule]] kuchele chee! Hakuna kitu kizuri kama kuacha kuwa supervisor na kuifanya kazi mwenyewe huku team yako ikikufuata kwa nyuma. Ni fahari! Nimefurahi mno. Tena sana! Unyampara si mzuri. Leading by example. Uendelee kufanya kazi nzuri. Najua fika dunia yako kuu ni Wikidata, sisi usitutenge (ombi). [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:34, 11 Januari 2026 (UTC) :Babu, asante! Kheri ya mwaka mpya kwako na uwapendao! :Shukrani sana, najaribu kufuata nyayo za wakongwe nyinyi katika fani. Naahidi kwamba tupo bega kwa bega kusukuma gurudumu hili mwaka huu. Pamoja sana '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 11 Januari 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] Pamoja sana! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:47, 13 Januari 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Beatrice Mushi|Beatrice Mushi]] (08:47, 21 Januari 2026) == nimefanya mabadiliko kwenye mahala ya Hannah Momoh --'''[[Mtumiaji:Beatrice Mushi|Beatrice Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Beatrice Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 08:47, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC) :Hongera @[[Mtumiaji:Beatrice Mushi|Beatrice Mushi]], Tafadhali ukitumia tafsiri ya kompyuta kumbuka kusoma makala kama inaleta maana. Kila la heri, '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:49, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Christian Andrew Maziki|Christian Andrew Maziki]] (06:36, 1 Februari 2026) == Habari nawezaje kuhariri jina langu hapa wikipedia? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Christian Andrew Maziki|Christian Andrew Maziki]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christian Andrew Maziki|majadiliano]])''' 06:36, 1 Februari 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Baddisam|Baddisam]] on [[Mtumiaji:Baddisam]] (19:47, 26 Aprili 2026) == Habari nawezaje kubadili page nane --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baddisam|Baddisam]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baddisam|majadiliano]])''' 19:47, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Visual editor katika miradi ya wiki == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kuboresha mifumo yetu ya kiufundi hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha ombi kule Phabricator ili watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor (Mhariri Unaoonekana) kwenye kurasa za miradi na kampeni zetu (`Wikipedia:Namespace`), jambo ambalo litatupunguzia sana mzigo wa kutumia Wiki markup ngumu wakati wa kuandaa warsha, mashindano, au majedwali ya miradi. Ili mafundi wa Wikimedia Foundation wawishe mfumo huu, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano na kura za wanajumuia wetu. Tafadhali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kupiga kura]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kurahisisha kazi ya waratibu na wahariri wote wa jumuia yetu. Shukrani sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:15, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Masatu Baraza|Masatu Baraza]] on [[Mtumiaji:Masatu Baraza]] (10:15, 10 Juni 2026) == Nataka kuweka wasifu wangu kwa wikipedia nafanyaje? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Masatu Baraza|Masatu Baraza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Masatu Baraza|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 10 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Elite Jac|Elite Jac]] (12:31, 23 Juni 2026) == Hello, I am new hear and I would appreciate your support --'''[[Mtumiaji:Elite Jac|Elite Jac]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elite Jac|majadiliano]])''' 12:31, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Mariymoo hamza|Mariymoo hamza]] on [[Handwörterbuch Deutsch-Swahili]] (10:15, 8 Julai 2026) == Mambo --'''[[Mtumiaji:Mariymoo hamza|Mariymoo hamza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mariymoo hamza|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 8 Julai 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Edwin Zephaniah|Edwin Zephaniah]] (11:01, 19 Julai 2026) == Nashukuru sana kwa zawadi hii ya kuwa katika jumuiya hii ya Wikipedia nime furahi sana kwa kunikubalia ombi langu. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Edwin Zephaniah|Edwin Zephaniah]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edwin Zephaniah|majadiliano]])''' 11:01, 19 Julai 2026 (UTC) == Question from [[User:Jaklini|Jaklini]] (10:07, 27 Julai 2026) == Asante sana ningependa kuweka sawa ukurasa wang wa mtumiaji --'''[[Mtumiaji:Jaklini|Jaklini]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jaklini|majadiliano]])''' 10:07, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) d7yeif9s0dmt6xuwj9bctjuwre0uolu 0 130513 1581992 1529364 2026-07-26T20:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581992 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tanzania_Lushoto_location_map.svg|thumb|250px|Ramani ya mahali pa wilaya ya Bumbuli, pamoja na Lushoto katika [[Mkoa wa Tanga]]]] '''Wilaya ya Bumbuli''' ni kati ya [[wilaya]] 11 za [[Mkoa wa Tanga]]<ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf</ref><ref>https://zabuni.co.tz/storage/tenders/1611390088.pdf</ref> nchini [[Tanzania]]. Wilaya ya [[Bumbuli]] kwa upande wa [[kaskazini]] imepakana na [[wilaya ya Lushoto]]; pia imezungukwa mara tatu kwa upande wa [[kusini]] na [[wilaya ya Korogwe]]. Ilitenganishwa kutoka wilaya ya Lushoto mnamo mwaka 2013. Wilaya ya Bumbuli mnamo mwaka 2016 iligawanywa kiutawala kwa mitaa kumi na nane. Mwaka 2015 ilikadiria kuwa na wakazi 174,938 <ref>[https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. April, 2016], Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu, Wizara ya Fedha na Mipango, Dar es Salaam</ref> walioishi katika wilaya hiyo. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 159,373 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Wilaya ya Bumbuli ilitengwa kwenye mwaka 2015 na [[Wilaya ya Lushoto]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lushotodc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5a0/b0a/548/5a0b0a5485966968107954.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2023-05-14 |archive-date=2023-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525073014/https://lushotodc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5a0/b0a/548/5a0b0a5485966968107954.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/bumbuli-surmounting-growing-pains-with-optimism.aspx |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2023-05-14 |archivedate=2021-12-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227122354/https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/bumbuli-surmounting-growing-pains-with-optimism.aspx }}</ref>. Iko kwenye kitovu cha milima ya [[Usambara]]. Ujenzi wa ofisi kuu ya wilaya ulianzishwa kenye kijiji cha Kwehangala, kata ya [[Dule B]]<ref>[http://maendeleovijijini.blogspot.com/2018/05/makao-makuu-halmashauri-ya-bumbuli.html Makao makuu halmashauri ya Bumbuli kujengwa Kwehangala], tovuti ya maendeleovijiini.blogspot ya tarehe 25.05.2018, iliangaliwa Oktoba 2020</ref>. Mwaka 2019 mwenyekiti wa kamati ya bunge alisema kwamba wilaya hiyo ilikuwa hatarini ya kufutwa tena kwa sababu ilishindwa kukusanya mapato ya kutosha<ref>[https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2019-08-275d64cce0487ff.aspx Halmashauri Bumbuli hatarini kufutwa] {{Wayback|url=https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2019-08-275d64cce0487ff.aspx |date=20201009030828 }}, Gazeti ya Habarileo ya tar. 272.08.2029, iliangaliwa Oktoba 2020</ref> Wakazi asilia ni hasa [[Wasambaa]]. ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.habarileo.co.tz/makala/index.php?id=11057 Habari za jimbo la uchaguzi la Bumbuli katika wilaya ya Lushoto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.habarileo.co.tz/makala/index.php?id=11057 |date=20211015234958 }} {{Kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Bumbuli}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tanga|L]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Bumbuli|* ]] lvytzrim93em95gbnd725flmazsiyxo 1582007 1581992 2026-07-27T00:46:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tanzania_Lushoto_location_map.svg|thumb|250px|Ramani ya mahali pa wilaya ya Bumbuli, pamoja na Lushoto katika [[Mkoa wa Tanga]]]] '''Wilaya ya Bumbuli''' ni kati ya [[wilaya]] 11 za [[Mkoa wa Tanga]]<ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf</ref><ref>https://zabuni.co.tz/storage/tenders/1611390088.pdf</ref> nchini [[Tanzania]]. Wilaya ya [[Bumbuli]] kwa upande wa [[kaskazini]] imepakana na [[wilaya ya Lushoto]]; pia imezungukwa mara tatu kwa upande wa [[kusini]] na [[wilaya ya Korogwe]]. Ilitenganishwa kutoka wilaya ya Lushoto mnamo mwaka 2013. Wilaya ya Bumbuli mnamo mwaka 2016 iligawanywa kiutawala kwa mitaa kumi na nane. Mwaka 2015 ilikadiria kuwa na wakazi 174,938 <ref>[https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/majimbo/MAJIMBOApril_Kisw.pdf Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara. April, 2016], Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu, Wizara ya Fedha na Mipango, Dar es Salaam</ref> walioishi katika wilaya hiyo. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 159,373 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Wilaya ya Bumbuli ilitengwa kwenye mwaka 2015 na [[Wilaya ya Lushoto]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://lushotodc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5a0/b0a/548/5a0b0a5485966968107954.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2023-05-14 |archive-date=2023-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525073014/https://lushotodc.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/5a0/b0a/548/5a0b0a5485966968107954.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/bumbuli-surmounting-growing-pains-with-optimism.aspx |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2023-05-14 |archivedate=2021-12-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227122354/https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/bumbuli-surmounting-growing-pains-with-optimism.aspx }}</ref>. Iko kwenye kitovu cha milima ya [[Usambara]]. Ujenzi wa ofisi kuu ya wilaya ulianzishwa kenye kijiji cha Kwehangala, kata ya [[Dule B]]<ref>[http://maendeleovijijini.blogspot.com/2018/05/makao-makuu-halmashauri-ya-bumbuli.html Makao makuu halmashauri ya Bumbuli kujengwa Kwehangala], tovuti ya maendeleovijiini.blogspot ya tarehe 25.05.2018, iliangaliwa Oktoba 2020</ref>. Mwaka 2019 mwenyekiti wa kamati ya bunge alisema kwamba wilaya hiyo ilikuwa hatarini ya kufutwa tena kwa sababu ilishindwa kukusanya mapato ya kutosha<ref>[https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2019-08-275d64cce0487ff.aspx Halmashauri Bumbuli hatarini kufutwa] {{Wayback|url=https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2019-08-275d64cce0487ff.aspx |date=20201009030828 }}, Gazeti ya Habarileo ya tar. 272.08.2029, iliangaliwa Oktoba 2020</ref> Wakazi asilia ni hasa [[Wasambaa]]. ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.habarileo.co.tz/makala/index.php?id=11057 Habari za jimbo la uchaguzi la Bumbuli katika wilaya ya Lushoto] {{Wayback|url=http://www.habarileo.co.tz/makala/index.php?id=11057 |date=20211015234958 }} {{Kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Bumbuli}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tanga|L]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Bumbuli|* ]] 6kykvarmaefxcuq39l0ftvogtkg2qaa 0 134509 1581999 1530038 2026-07-26T22:34:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Zarina Baloch | picha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Zarina Baloch | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 29 Desemba 1934 | mahala pa kuzaliwa = Allahabad Chand Village, Sindh | tarehe ya kufa = 25 Oktoba 2005 (umri 70) | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[mwimbaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi]], [[mwigizaji]], [[msanii]] | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = Rasool Bux Palijo | watoto = Ayaz Latif Palijo, Akhter Baloch (kutoka kwa mume wa kwanza) | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = }} '''Zarina Baloch''' (kwa [[Kisindhi]]: زرينه بلوچ); [[29 Desemba]] [[1934]] - [[25 Oktoba]] [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[muziki]] wa kitamaduni wa [[Pakistan]]. Alikuwa pia [[mwigizaji]], [[msanii]] wa [[redio]] na [[runinga]], [[mwandishi]], [[mwalimu]] kwa zaidi ya miaka 30, [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa kisiasa na mfanyakazi wa [[Jamii|kijamii.]]<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jiji Zarina laid to rest|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/163070/jiji-zarina-laid-to-rest|work=DAWN.COM|date=2005-10-27|accessdate=2021-04-13|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na familia == Alizaliwa mnamo 29 Desemba 1934 katika [[kijiji]] cha Allahdad Chand, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Mama yake, Gulroz Jalalani, alifariki mnamo 1940 wakati Zarina alikuwa na umri wa miaka sita. Alisoma na Mohammad Juman, ambaye pia alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa Sindhi. Katika [[umri]] mdogo wa miaka 15, [[familia]] yake ilipanga [[ndoa]] yake na jamaa wa mbali. Alikuwa na watoto wawili: Akhter Baloch pia anajulikana kama Zina (aliyezaliwa 1952), na Aslam Parvez (aliyezaliwa 1957). Walakini, Baloch na mumewe hawakukubaliana juu ya elimu hivyo wawili hao walitenganishwa mnamo 1958. Baloch alijiunga na Radio Hyderabad mnamo 1960 na akapokea [[tuzo]] yake ya kwanza ya [[muziki]] mnamo 1961. Ndipo Zarina alioa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sindhi Rasool Bux Palijo, na [[ndoa]] yao ilifanyika huko Hyderabad mnamo 22 Septemba 1964 na walipata [[mtoto]] wa kiume, Ayaz Latif Palijo. Mnamo 1967, alikua mwalimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Model Sindh University. Alistaafu mnamo 1997 na alifariki mnamo 2005 kwa Saratani ya ubongo katika [[hospitali]] ya Kitaifa ya Liaquat.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sassui Palijo|url=https://wn.com/Sassui_Palijo|work=World News|accessdate=2021-04-13|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413010047/https://wn.com/Sassui_Palijo|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Legendary heroine of Sindh Jeejee Zareena Baloch|url=https://iaoj.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/legendary-heroine-of-sindh-jeejee-zareena-baloch/|work=Indus Asia Online Journal (iaoj)|date=2010-10-22|accessdate=2021-04-13|language=en|author=iaoj|archivedate=2020-06-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601061718/https://iaoj.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/legendary-heroine-of-sindh-jeejee-zareena-baloch/}}</ref> == Kifungo na harakati za kisiasa == Mnamo 1979, Zarina alikamatwa na kufungwa katika [[jela]] za Sukkur na Karachi kwa kuongoza [[maandamano]] dhidi ya [[sheria]] ya Vita ya Rais Jenerali Zia ul Haq. Kwa sababu ya mapambano yake dhidi ya tabaka tawala na dhidi ya ubaguzi wa kijinsia, ukabaila na sheria za kijeshi za Ayub Khan na Yahya Khan, alipata jina la JeeJee (mama) wa watu wa Kisindhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=HYDERABAD: Jiji Zarina Baloch remembered|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/272824/hyderabad-jiji-zarina-baloch-remembered|work=DAWN.COM|date=2007-10-26|accessdate=2021-04-13|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=In loving memory: Jiji Zarina Baloch remembered|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/979023/in-loving-memory-jiji-zarina-baloch-remembered|work=The Express Tribune|date=2015-10-25|accessdate=2021-04-13|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wakuu wa Sindhiani Tahreek, Jukwaa la vitendo vya [[Wanawake]], Sindhi Adabi Sangat na Kamati ya Haree ya Sindhi. Alikuwa anajua vizuri [[Kisindhi]], [[Kiurdu]], Seraiki, Balochi, [[Kiajemi]], [[Kiarabu]] na Kigujrati.<ref name=":1" /> == Michango ya sanaa na fasihi == Aliandika [[Wimbo|nyimbo]] nyingi na [[Shairi|mashairi]] ambayo yalisifika kati ya [[Uzalendo|wazalendo]] huko Sindh na Balochistan. Alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[hadithi]] kadhaa na [[mashairi]], na [[Kitabu]] chake "Tunhinjee Gola Tunhinjoon Galhion" kilichapishwa mnamo 1992.<ref name=":1" /> Zarina Baloch pia alikuwa mwigizaji mzuri na alikuwa na [[maigizo]] mengi ya [[Kiurdu]] na Kisindhi. Tamthilia zake maarufu za Kiurdu ni Dewarain, Jungle, Karwan na Aan. == Nyimbo maarufu == * Mor Tho Tilley Rana * Sabhka Moomal Sabbko Raarno * Tunhnjii Yaarii * Sindhri tey sir ker na dendo * Kaang Lanvain * Guzrii Vaii Barsaat * Bbii Khabar Na Aahai Par * Kiin Karyaan Maan * Jjariyan Bhar Jaaiyoon * Saavak Rat main Saanvara * Paee Yaad Aaya * Gehraa Gehraa Nairn == Tuzo na utambuzi == * Pride of Performance Award ilitolewa na Rais wa Pakistan mnamo 1994<ref name=":0" /> * Faiz Ahmed Faiz Award<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) Award<ref name=":1" /> * Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Award<ref name=":1" /> * Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Award<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070318230709/http://www.atsindh.com/jjzb/index.html Profile of Zarina Baloch (archived)] {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Pakistan]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Pakistan]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] lmgdqow0dto7qlv4nmcg5vri5lwt8j7 0 145727 1581969 1422349 2026-07-26T16:41:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Don-bosco-pine-p030.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Yohane Bosco]] alikuwa maarufu kama kiongozi wa kiroho wa [[Ujana|vijana]].]] '''Uongozi wa kiroho''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Spiritual direction'') ni msaada ambao muumini anampa mwingine katika [[Juhudi|juhudi]] za kuimarisha uhusiano wake na [[Mungu]] au kustawisha [[maisha ya kiroho]] aliyonayo. Aliyeomba msaada huo anajieleza na kumshirikisha [[kiongozi]] wake mang'amuzi mema na mabaya aliyoyapata katika safari yake ya kiroho. Kiongozi anasikiliza na kutoa maswali ili kumfanya muumini ajielewe zaidi na hatimaye anaweza akampa maelekezo ya kufaa, bila kuishia katika msaada wa [[Elimunafsia|kisaikolojia]]. ==Katika Kanisa Katoliki== Huo ni kati ya misaada ya nje iliyo muhimu zaidi ili kufikia [[ukamilifu wa Kikristo]] hivi kwamba unahitajika kwa jumla na katika [[hatua tatu za maisha ya kiroho]]. ===Haja ya uongozi kwa jumla=== Ingawa uongozi si wa lazima kwa [[utakatifu]], ni [[njia]] ya kawaida ya [[maendeleo]] ya Kiroho. [[Yesu]] alipounda [[Kanisa]] lake alitaka waamini wawe chini ya [[Mitume wa Yesu|Mitume]] na [[mwandamizi|waandamizi]] wao ([[Papa]] na [[Askofu|maaskofu]]) upande wa nje, na chini ya waungamishi upande wa ndani, hao wakiwaelekeza kutoanguka [[dhambi|dhambini]] na kusonga mbele katika [[maadili]]. [[Mtakatifu Paulo|Mtume Paulo]] alipoongoka, [[Bwana]] hakumfunulia mwenyewe mipango yake, bali alimtuma [[Dameski|Damasko]] kwa [[Anania wa Damasko|Anania]], ajue kwa njia yake yatakayompasa kuyafanya (taz. [[Matendo ya Mitume|Mdo]] 9:6). [[Mababu wa Kanisa]] walihimiza: “Fanya bidii sana na uangalifu mkubwa kabisa ili kumpata mtu ambaye aweze kukuongoza kwa hakika katika kazi uliyokusudia ya kuishi kitakatifu; umchague mtu anayeweza kuwaelekeza wenye mapenzi mema njia nyofu ya kumuendea Mungu… Ni kiburi kabisa kudhani huna haja na mashauri” ([[Basil wa Caesarea|Bazili Mkuu]]). “Usijifanye mwalimu wako mwenyewe, la sivyo utapotea haraka sana” ([[Jeromu]]). “Kama vile kipofu asivyoweza kushika njia nyofu asipoongozwa na mtu, hakuna anayeweza kutembea bila kiongozi” ([[Agostino wa Hippo|Augustino]]). [[Yohane Kasiano]] alisema mtu anayetegemea akili yake hatafikia kamwe ukamilifu wala hataweza kukwepa hila za Ibilisi; njia bora ya kushinda vishawishi vya hatari ni kuvifunua kwa kiongozi mwenye busara na mwanga. Kweli, mara nyingi inatosha kuvifunua kwa anayehusika ili viishe. Hata katika [[Enzi ya kati|karne za kati]] watakatifu waliendelea kusisitiza: “Anayejifanya kiongozi wake mwenyewe anajifanya mwanafunzi wa mpumbavu… Upande wangu natamka kuwa kwangu ni rahisi na ya hakika zaidi kuagiza wengi kuliko kujiongoza mimi tu” ([[Bernardo wa Clairvaux|Bernardo]]). Katika kuongoza wengine umimi wetu unatudanganya kidogo kuliko katika kujiongoza; na kama tungejua namna ya kutekeleza wenyewe yale tunayowaambia wengine, maendeleo yetu yangekuwa makubwa. “Bwana wetu, ambaye pasipo yeye hatuwezi kitu, hatamjalia kamwe neema yake yule ambaye, ingawa anaye mtu mwenye uwezo wa kumfundisha na kumuongoza, anapuuzia chombo hicho muhimu cha utakatifu, akidhani anajitosheleza na kuweza kwa nguvu zake kutafuta na kuona yanayofaa kwa wokovu wa milele… Aliye na kiongozi ambaye anamtii katika yote na kikamilifu, atalifikia lengo lake kwa urahisi na haraka sana kuliko kama akifanya peke yake, hata kama ana akili sana na vitabu vyenye hekima kuhusu mambo ya Kiroho… Kwa jumla, wale wote waliofikia ukamilifu wamefuata njia ya utiifu, isipokuwa kama kwa fadhili au neema ya pekee Mungu alimfundisha mwenyewe mtu mmojammoja asiyekuwa na wa kumuongoza” ([[Vincent Ferrer|Visenti Ferrer]]). Hadi baadaye, mkazo ulikuwa huohuo: [[Fransisko wa Sales]] alionyesha hatuwezi kuamua kwa haki kesi zetu wenyewe, kutokana na aina ya kujipendea “ya siri na isiyotambulikana ambayo tusipoangalia vizuri hatuwezi kuivumbua; na waliopatwa nayo hawaijui wasipoonyeshwa”. Aliyekaa muda mrefu katika chumba ambacho milango na madirisha yake yamefungwa hatambui kuwa humo hewa imechafuka kwa kupumua, kumbe anayeingia anatambua mara. Sisi sote tunakubali kwamba kiongozi anahitajika ili kupanda mlima mrefu; bila shaka anahitajika zaidi ili kupanda hadi kilele cha ukamilifu, hasa kwa sababu tunapaswa kuepa hila za yule asiyetaka tupande. [[Alfonso Maria wa Liguori]] alitaja uongozi unahusika na nini zaidi: malipizi, upokeaji wa sakramenti, sala, utekelezaji wa maadili na namna ya kutenda kitakatifu kazi za kila siku. Shuhuda hizo zote na nyinginezo zinaonyesha wazi haja ya uongozi kwa jumla. Tutaelewa zaidi kwa kuzingatia hatua tatu za maisha ya Kiroho, yaani mahitaji ya wanaoanza, wanaoendelea na waliokamilika. ===Uongozi wa wanaoanza=== Hasa wanaoanza wanahitaji uongozi wenye busara, uimara na moyo wa kibaba, kama ule wa walezi utawani. Baadaye haja hiyo haisikiki tena vile, isipokuwa katika vipindi vigumu ambapo yanatokea mabadiliko na unatakiwa uamuzi muhimu. Wanaoanza wanahitaji kukingwa dhidi ya marudio ya makosa na dhidi ya kasoro mbili zifuatazo zinazopingana. Baadhi wakipokea faraja za kihisi katika sala wanazidhania neema za juu, na kwa kiburi wangetaka kuruka mara hadi muungano na Mungu wasipitie hatua za lazima. Hao wanahitaji kukumbushwa haja ya unyenyekevu na kusadikishwa kuwa safari ya ukamilifu ni kazi ya maisha yote: hatuwezi kuruka bila mabawa, na katika kujenga tunaanza na misingi. Lengo ni la kwanza kutamaniwa na kukusudiwa, lakini ni la mwisho kufikiwa; tena haifai kupuuzia njia duni za lazima kulifikia. Baadhi wana kiburi cha siri katika kushika maisha magumu na kujitosa mno katika malipizi hadi kuharibu afya. Baadaye, wakitaka kujitibu wanalegea na kwenda kinyume cha awali. Hao wanahitaji kujifunza kiasi cha Kikristo na kwamba maadili ya Kimungu hayatoshi pasipo maadili ya kiutu ili kutawala polepole hisi. Uongozi unahitajika hasa katika kipindi kirefu cha ukavu ambapo kutafakari ni kwa shida, tena kuna vishawishi vikali pamoja na upinzani wa watu. Jaribu hilo linavusha kutoka hatua ya utakaso kwenda hatua ya mwanga mradi ziwepo dalili tatu tutakazozieleza, ambazo kiongozi anatakiwa kuzitambua: 1) kutofurahia mambo ya Mungu wala ya dunia; 2) kuendelea kwa kawaida kumkumbuka Mungu, kutamani ukamilifu na kuogopa kutomtumikia; 3) kushindwa kutafakari kwa mpangilio na badala yake kuvutiwa na tendo la kumtazama tu Mungu. Katika kipindi hicho kigumu, kinachokusudiwa kuleta uongofu wa pili, ni lazima kumsikiliza kiongozi wa kufaa ili kusonga mbele kwa bidii badala ya kubaki nyuma. ===Uongozi wa wanaoendelea na wa waliokamilika=== Kwa kawaida uongozi wa wanaoendelea unaweza kufanyika haraka zaidi, kwa sababu wameshajua zaidi maisha ya Kiroho na mara nyingi wanaweza kueleza kwa neno moja shauri wanalohitaji linahusu nini. Hapo kiongozi ni kama shahidi wa maendeleo yao; anatakiwa kutambua kazi ya mlezi wa ndani ili awe chombo chake na kuhakikisha usikivu wao kwa Roho Mtakatifu, akipambanua ndani yao pumba na mchele, yaani kilema kikuu ambacho wapambane nacho, na mvuto maalumu wa neema ambao waufuate. Inafaa tumkimbilie kiongozi hasa wakati wa mazoezi ya Kiroho ya kila mwaka ili kumueleza kwa unyofu wote undani wa roho tusije tukajidanganya kwa kuangukia kiburi kilichofichika na kujiamini kipumbavu. Kwa wanaoendelea pia kuna vipindi vigumu vinavyohitaji uongozi bora, hasa wanapotakiwa kuvukia hatua ya muungano. Majaribu hayo yana namna mbalimbali, lakini kwa kawaida ni kunyimwa kwa muda mrefu faraja si za hisi tu, bali za roho pia. Hapo vinatokea mara nyingi vishawishi dhidi ya imani, tumaini na upendo na unahitajika kwa namna ya pekee msaada wa kiongozi mwenye mwanga na mang’amuzi. Hata mtu anayeweza kuongoza wengine katika hatua hiyo hawezi kujiongoza kwa sababu “hakuna tena mapito tayari” ([[Yohane wa Msalaba]]), hivyo anapaswa tu kufuata mwanga wa Roho Mtakatifu asiuchanganye na msukumo mwingine unaoweza ukafanana nao. Waliokamilika pia wanajisikia haja ya msaada huo ili kuona namna ya kulinganisha msimamo wa kujiachilia mikononi mwa Mungu na utendaji ambao Bwana anawadai, ili kutekeleza vizuri msemo huu: “kuwajibika na kujiachilia”. Wanajisikia haja ya kuongozwa ili kudumisha moyoni mwao upendo hai kwa msalaba pamoja na unyenyekevu mkubwa. Basi, ikiwa hao wanahitaji uongozi, zaidi tena wanauhitaji wanaoanza. ===Sifa za kiongozi na wajibu wa anayeongozwa=== Kiongozi “awe amejaa upendo, elimu na busara: likikosekana mojawapo kati ya hayo matatu, kuna hatari” (Fransisko wa Sales). “Ni muhimu sana kiongozi awe na mwanga: yaani awe na busara na mang’amuzi sana. Ikiwa zaidi ya hayo ni mwanateolojia pia, basi ni kamili. Lakini isipowezekana kuona mtu mwenye sifa hizo tatu pamoja, ni afadhali awe na zile mbili za kwanza, kwa sababu katika shida inawezekana kupata shauri la wasomi. Nionavyo mimi, hao wa mwisho, wasipojitahidi katika sala, hawafai sana kwa wanaoanza; lakini sitaki kushauri wasiwe na uhusiano nao… Elimu ni jambo kubwa… Mungu atuepushe na ibada za juujuu na zilizojaa upuuzi” ([[Teresa wa Yesu]]). Upendo umfanye kiongozi asijitafutie faida na aongoze mioyo kwa Mungu, si kwake mwenyewe. [[Yohane Tauler]] alisema viongozi wanaojivutia watu ni kama mbwa ambao katika uwindaji wanamla mnyama badala ya kumleta kwa bwana wao; hapo huyo anawapiga kweli. Wema wa kiongozi usigeuke udhaifu: awe imara, asiogope kusema ukweli. Vilevile asipoteze muda katika maongezi na maelezo ya bure, bali alenge moja kwa moja ustawi wa roho. Awe anajua njia ya ukamilifu, mafundisho ya walimu wa Kiroho na kwa kiasi fulani saikolojia. Ili awe chombo cha Roho Mtakatifu atambue mvuto wake maalumu ambao mtu aufuate na kilema kikuu ambacho akiepe. Kwa ajili hiyo ajiombee mwanga, hasa katika kesi ngumu, na akiwa mnyenyekevu atapokea neema za kufanyia kazi yake. Ataona namna ya kusukuma wengine na kupoza umotomoto wa wengine, akiwafundisha hao wa mwisho wasichanganye mapendo ya juujuu na upendo unaothibitishwa na matendo. Busara yake katika kuongoza watu wenye bidii ikwepe hatari mbili: ile ya kutaka kufikisha wote haraka na bila tofauti kwenye sala ya hali ya juu, na ile ya kupuuzia suala hilo. Haifai kukimbia mno wala kuchelewa; kwanza zipimwe dalili tatu tulizozitaja ili kuvuka kutoka tafakuri kwenda sala ya kumiminiwa. Kabla ya kufanya hivyo, inafaa na kutosha kukumbusha watu wawe waaminifu kwa mianga ya mlezi wa ndani mara inapojitokeza kulingana na wito wao. Wajibu wa mtu anayeongozwa unatokana na yale tuliyoyasema: amheshimu kiongozi kama wakili wa Mungu, akiepa mambo mawili, yaani kumlaumu vikali na kuhusiana naye kirafiki mno. Heshima hiyo iendane na pendo la mtoto kwa mzazi, nyofu, la Kiroho tu, linalozuia wivu wowote na hamu ya kupendwa kwa namna ya pekee. Awe na tumaini la kitoto na uwazi mkubwa kwa kiongozi wake. “Muongee naye kwa unyofu na uaminifu mkuu, mkimfunulia wazi kabisa mema yenu na mabaya yenu, bila kudanganya wala kuficha” (Fransisko wa Sales). Hatimaye, anahitaji utiifu mkubwa ili kusikiliza na kufuata mashauri yanayotolewa, la sivyo atafuata matakwa yake mwenyewe badala ya yale ya Mungu. Hakatazwi kujulisha shida kubwa iliyopo katika kutekeleza shauri fulani; lakini baada ya kufanya hivyo aweke mtazamo wake chini ya kiongozi. Hata akikosea, sisi tukimtii hatukosei, isipokuwa akitushauri kinyume cha imani au cha maadili: hapo tumuache mara. Tusibadili kiongozi pasipo sababu nzito, hasa tukifanya hivyo kwa ugeugeu, kiburi, aibu ya kipumbavu au udadisi. Lakini tumbadili bila wasiwasi tukiona mitazamo yake ni ya kibinadamu tu, anatupenda kihisi mno, au hana elimu wala busara zinazohitajika. Nje ya nafasi hizo tudumu iwezekanavyo katika uongozi uleule ili tuzidi kufuata njia njema. Tuyakumbuke maneno ya [[mfalme]] [[Ludoviko IX]] kwa mwanae: “Uungame mara nyingi na kuchagua waungamishi wenye elimu na uadilifu ambao wajue kukufundisha la kufanya na la kukwepa, halafu uache wakuonye na kukushauri kwa uhuru wote”. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05024a.htm Spiritual Direction] [[New Advent]] (1913 [[Catholic Encyclopedia]]) ===Vyanzo bora=== * {{cite book|author=Aelred of Rievaulx|author-link=Aelred of Rievaulx|title= Spiritual Friendship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_b-hRtAbPWIC|year=2010|orig-year =1160-62|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-87907-957-4}} * {{cite book| title =The Conferences of John Cassian|author=John Cassian|author-link=John Cassian |publisher=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library]]| url = http://www.ccel.org/ccel/cassian/conferences.html |year=1894 }} * {{cite web |author=Teresa of Avila|author-link=Teresa of Avila|title = Works of St. Teresa of Avila (Online)|publisher=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library]]| url = http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa }} * {{cite book|author=Thomas Merton|author-link=Thomas Merton|title=Spiritual Direction and Meditation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVIL5-aV6LUC|year=1960|publisher=Liturgical Press|isbn=978-0-8146-0412-0}} * {{cite book|author=Saint Francis de Sales|author-link=Francis de Sales|title=Introduction to the Devout Life (online)|url=https://archive.org/details/anintroductiont00salegoog|year=1885|publisher=M. H. Gill and Sons |location= Dublin}} * {{cite book|author=Saint Francis de Sales|author-link=Francis de Sales| title = Treatise on the Love of God |translator=Henry Benedict Mackey |year=1997|orig-year= 1616|isbn= 0-89555-526-3|publisher= TAN Books| url = http://www.ccel.org/d/desales/love/}} * {{cite book|author=Saint Jeanne-Françoise de Chantal|author-link=Jane Frances de Chantal|title=Francis de Sales, Jane de Chantal: Letters of Spiritual Direction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOXFvwLyq4YC|year=1988|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2990-4}} * {{cite book|author=Samuel Rutherford|author-link=Samuel Rutherford|title=Letters of Samuel Rutherford|url=https://archive.org/stream/lettersofsamuelr00ruthrich#page/n3/mode/2up|year=1891|publisher=Oliphants Ltd. |location= London }} [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/42557/42557-h/42557-h.htm# Alt] * {{cite book | title = Institutio Spiritualis: A Book of Spiritual instruction |author=Louis de Blois|author-link=Louis de Blois | url = https://archive.org/details/bookofspirituali00bloi|year=1900 | publisher=St. Louis MO, USA }} *--do.-- (1900) ''A Book of Spiritual Instruction: Institutio spiritualis''; translated from the Latin by Bertrand A. Wilberforce. London: Art and Book Company *{{cite book|title=The Degrees of the Spiritual Life |author=Auguste Saudreau|url=https://archive.org/details/thedegreesofthes01sauduoft|translator=[[Bede Camm]] |publisher=R. T. Washbourne|location= London|year=1907}} ===Maandishi ya baadaye=== * [http://spiritualdirection.com/blog/2013/01/19/what-are-the-top-ten-resources-you-would-recommend-for-spiritual-directors Top ten reading list for spiritual directors] January 19, 2013. * {{cite web |author=Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange|author-link=Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange| title = The Three Ages of the Interior Life|publisher= Catholic Spiritual Teaching|year=1938 | url = http://www.christianperfection.info/ }} * [https://teresablythe.net Teresa Blythe] (2018). ''[https://teresablythe.net/sd101book/ Spiritual Direction 101: The Basics of Spiritual Guidance].'' Apocryphile Press, ISBN|978-1-947826-20-5 * {{cite web | title = Perfect Spiritual Guide in Sufism | url = http://www.sultan-ul-arifeen.com/en/murshid-kamil-akmal-sultan-ul-arifeen-perfect-spiritual-guide-mentor-imperfect-false-murshid-e-uqba-dunya.php | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150920103237/http://www.sultan-ul-arifeen.com/en/murshid-kamil-akmal-sultan-ul-arifeen-perfect-spiritual-guide-mentor-imperfect-false-murshid-e-uqba-dunya.php | archive-date = 2015-09-20 | accessdate = 2022-01-14 | archivedate = 2015-09-20 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150920103237/http://www.sultan-ul-arifeen.com/en/murshid-kamil-akmal-sultan-ul-arifeen-perfect-spiritual-guide-mentor-imperfect-false-murshid-e-uqba-dunya.php }} * {{cite book|author=Pierre Teilhard de Chardin|author-link=Pierre Teilhard de Chardin|title=The Divine Milieu: An Essay on the Interior Life |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheDivineMilieu/The_Divine_Milieu#page/n1/mode/2up|year=1957|publisher=Harper Torchbooks, The Cathedral Library, NY |isbn=978-1-903900-58-1}} * {{cite book|author=Kenneth Leech|author-link=Kenneth Leech|title=Soul Friend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lssCsQaT0O4C|date=2001|orig-year= 1977|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|isbn=978-0-8192-2539-9}} * {{cite book|author=Friedrich von Hügel|author-link=Friedrich von Hügel|title= Letters from Baron Friedrich von Hügel to a Niece | url = https://archive.org/stream/MN5160ucmf_0/MN5160ucmf_0_djvu.txt |year=1928|publisher=J. M. Dent & Sons }} * {{cite book|author=Adolphe Tanquerey| title = The Spiritual Life: A Treatise on Ascetical and Mystical Theology| url = https://archive.org/stream/MN41530ucmf_5#page/n7/mode/2up |year=1932|publisher=Society of St. John the Evangelist, Desclée}} *{{cite book|author=Francis W. Vanderwall|title=Spiritual direction: an invitation to abundant life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVQ2cR4s6ecC|year=1981|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2399-5}} * {{cite book|author=William A. Barry|title=The Practice of Spiritual Direction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KXXFW2dM_ZgC|year=1982|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-86683-951-8}} * {{cite book|author=Margaret Guenther|title=Holy Listening: The Art of Spiritual Direction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_7S-9BUeh8C|date=1992|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-56101-056-1}} * {{cite book|author=Charles Hugo Doyle|title= Guidance In Spiritual Direction |year=2011|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Pub.|isbn=978-1463597542}} * {{cite book|author=Francis Fernandez Carvajal|author-link=Francis Fernandez Carvajal|title=Through Wind and Waves: On Being a Spiritual Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/throughwindwaves0000fern|year=2012|publisher=Scepter |isbn= 978-1594171666}} * Hughson, Shirley Carter (1952) ''The Spiritual Letters of Father Hughson of the Order of the Holy Cross''. West Park, New York: Holy Cross Press; London: A. R. Mowbray, 1953 ==Viungo vya nje== === Amerika Kaskazini === * [http://www.sdiworld.org/ Spiritual Directors International] * [https://www.sanluisrey.org/retreats-events/spiritual-direction Spiritual Direction in California] {{Wayback|url=https://www.sanluisrey.org/retreats-events/spiritual-direction |date=20220114141750 }} * [http://www.frombeginningtoend.org/ Spiritual Direction in Alberta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.frombeginningtoend.org/ |date=20181117200530 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140108023701/http://anamcharacentre.ca/ Spiritual Direction in Calgary] * [http://www.spiritualdirection.ca/ Spiritual Direction in Manitoba] * [http://soulstream.org/ Spiritual Directors in British Columbia] * [http://www.tyndale.ca/seminary/tasd Tyndale Association of Spiritual Directors] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tyndale.ca/seminary/tasd |date=20220114142109 }}, Toronto, Ontario * [http://www.graftedlife.org/ Evangelical Spiritual Directors Association] === Ufalme wa Muungano === * [http://www.retreats.org.uk/spiritualdirection.html The Retreat Association] {{Wayback|url=http://www.retreats.org.uk/spiritualdirection.html |date=20160421051851 }}, an organisation facilitating Christian spiritual directors in the United Kingdom * [http://www.lcsd.org.uk London Centre for Spiritual Direction]: an organisation that trains and supports spiritual directors, and promotes spiritual direction * [http://www.artsd.org.uk Ignatian Spirituality Course]: a training course for spiritual directors in London, UK. === Australia === * [https://www.fullnessoflife.org/ Fullness of Life Centre (Inc.)] provides spiritual direction, counselling and professional supervision. Services are available in-person and through secure video conferencing. *[http://www.kardia.com.au Kardia Formation P/L] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kardia.com.au/ |date=20220114141750 }} provides spiritual direction, supervision and a formation program for spiritual directors. * [http://www.jcs.edu.au Jesuit College of Spirituality] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jcs.edu.au/ |date=20220114141757 }} provides Ignatian programs of formation for spiritual directors, supervisors and leaders as a member of the University of Divinity, Melbourne. [[Category:Maisha ya kiroho]] nitqz5cg8v8asuqdfchdz1ck44thekh 0 151250 1582002 1526421 2026-07-26T22:48:20Z Edomfort 91215 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suranga Udari''' ni mbunifu wa picha, [[Mwanahabari|mwandishi wa habari]] na mwanaharakati wa [[mazingira]] wa [[Sri Lanka]]. Anajulikana kama mwandishi wa habari wa kwanza wa kike kiziwi wa [[Sri Lanka]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=USAID|date=2021-04-05|title=A Sri Lankan Woman Turns Her Disability into a Silver Bullet|url=https://medium.com/usaid-2030/a-sri-lankan-woman-turns-her-disability-into-a-silver-bullet-9009400e7561|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Medium|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519145141/https://medium.com/usaid-2030/a-sri-lankan-woman-turns-her-disability-into-a-silver-bullet-9009400e7561|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Suranga Udari Recorded as the First Female Sign Language Reporter in Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka Development Journalists Forum|url=https://ldjf.org/news/68/suranga_udari_first_female_sign_language_reporter_in_sri_lanka|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=ldjf.org}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa katika familia ya watoto watano na ndugu zake wawili waliripotiwa kuzaliwa na ulemavu wa kusikia. Alimaliza elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari hadi Elimu ya Ngazi ya Kawaida katika Sri Shariputhra Maha Vidyalaya, Ahangama, Wilaya ya Galle, Mkoa wa Kusini. Anaishi Ahangama. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nadeera|first=Dilshan|title=Lanka’s first sign language journo makes her debut with report on pollution in Galle|url=http://island.lk/lankas-first-sign-language-journo-makes-her-debut-with-report-on-pollution-in-galle/|accessdate=2021-05-19|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Hapo awali Udari aliendelea na taaluma yake kama mbunifu wa michoro na akapokea diploma katika [[Maunzilaini|Programu]] ya [[Tarakilishi|Kompyuta]] katika Lake House . Alifanya kazi kama mbunifu wa picha katika kampuni ya kibinafsi kwa takriban miaka minane na alifutwa kazi kutokana na athari za janga la [[Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20|COVID-19]] . <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-12|title=The inspiring story of Suranga Udari|url=http://www.themorning.lk/the-inspiring-story-of-suranga-udari/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=The Morning - Sri Lanka News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519145408/https://www.themorning.lk/the-inspiring-story-of-suranga-udari/}}</ref> Alianza kujihusisha na taaluma ya uandishi wa [[Uandishi wa habari|habari]] baada ya kufukuzwa kazi ya usanifu wa picha. Alikumbana na vikwazo na vizuizi vya kupata nafasi za kazi zinazofaa katika uwanja wa [[vyombo vya habari]] kwani vyombo vyote vya habari mashuhuri nchini Sri Lanka vilikataa kumpa nafasi ya kazi kutokana na ulemavu wake wa kusikia . <ref name=":2" /> Pia anafanya kazi kama mfanyakazi katika Shirikisho la Kati la Viziwi la Sri Lanka na pia anahudumu kama katibu msaidizi wa Chama cha Wanawake Viziwi cha Sri Lanka. <ref name=":12">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Suranga Udari Recorded as the First Female Sign Language Reporter in Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka Development Journalists Forum|url=https://ldjf.org/news/68/suranga_udari_first_female_sign_language_reporter_in_sri_lanka|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=ldjf.org}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2020, Udari aliteuliwa kama mshiriki wa programu ya "Sauti Mahiri" na wenzake wanaofanya kazi kama wafanyikazi katika Shirikisho la Kati la Viziwi la Sri Lanka (SLCFD). Alipata mafunzo katika kambi ya mafunzo ya makazi ya siku tano kutoka kwa Jukwaa la Wanahabari wa Maendeleo la Sri Lanka (SDJF) chini ya mpango wa "Sauti Mahiri". <ref name=":13">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Suranga Udari Recorded as the First Female Sign Language Reporter in Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka Development Journalists Forum|url=https://ldjf.org/news/68/suranga_udari_first_female_sign_language_reporter_in_sri_lanka|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=ldjf.org}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Sri Lanka]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Sri Lanka]] 1aez6ibvp0hp65y6mh603jb90tx5d5v 0 151763 1581971 1528028 2026-07-26T17:07:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Utalii katika Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati''' imeathiriwa vibaya na historia yake ya hivi karibuni yenye matatizo na mapigano katika nchi jirani.<ref>Travel And Tourism in Central African Republic, March 2007, Euromonitor.</ref>Usalama nchini sio shwari, haswa kaskazini na kaskazini magharibi.<ref>Central African Republic: Overview, Lonely Planet</ref>Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya [[Marekani]] ina ushauri wa kusafiri unaokatisha tamaa kusafiri kwenda CAR kwa raia wa Marekani kutokana na hatari ya machafuko ya kiraia na uhalifu wa kivita.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/central-african-republic-travel-advisory.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-11 |archive-date=2019-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126124602/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/central-african-republic-travel-advisory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mnamo Aprili [[2007]], chama cha wawindaji karibu na mji wa Ndele kilishambuliwa na mwindaji [[Mfaransa]] aliuawa na wengine watatu kujeruhiwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_940.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-11 |archivedate=2011-07-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706051718/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_940.html }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] <references /> jv7alugsqsje3o4u99vplatzvb6b41y 1582005 1581971 2026-07-27T00:34:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582005 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Utalii katika Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati''' imeathiriwa vibaya na historia yake ya hivi karibuni yenye matatizo na mapigano katika nchi jirani.<ref>Travel And Tourism in Central African Republic, March 2007, Euromonitor.</ref>Usalama nchini sio shwari, haswa kaskazini na kaskazini magharibi.<ref>Central African Republic: Overview, Lonely Planet</ref>Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya [[Marekani]] ina ushauri wa kusafiri unaokatisha tamaa kusafiri kwenda CAR kwa raia wa Marekani kutokana na hatari ya machafuko ya kiraia na uhalifu wa kivita.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/central-african-republic-travel-advisory.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-11 |archive-date=2019-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126124602/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/central-african-republic-travel-advisory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mnamo Aprili [[2007]], chama cha wawindaji karibu na mji wa Ndele kilishambuliwa na mwindaji [[Mfaransa]] aliuawa na wengine watatu kujeruhiwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_940.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-11 |archivedate=2011-07-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706051718/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_940.html }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] <references /> dfm1af2lxbusu63bxsibfjny5s4e249 0 152146 1581904 1581831 2026-07-26T12:17:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1581904 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Madagaskar stew 2019-10-01.jpg|alt=Picha ya mlo wa Romazawa|thumb|Picha ya mlo wa Romazawa]] '''Romazava''' ([rumaˈzavə̥]) ni mlo wa kitaifa wa [[Madagaska]], unaojumuisha [[mboga]] mboga, nyama ya zebu, nyanya, na vitunguu, kwa kawaida huambatana na sehemu ya wali. Sehemu muhimu ya kitoweo hicho ni brèdes mafana, iitwayo anamalaho katika Kimalagasi: [[Mmea]] huu una amidi ya asidi iitwayo Spilanthol katika vichipukizi vyake ambayo huleta athari ya kuchachusha, yenye ukali, ya [[Chungwa|machungwa]] na ya kufa ganzi, na kusababisha utowaji wa mate kupita kiasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Romazava {{!}} Traditional Stew From Madagascar {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/romazava|work=www.tasteatlas.com|accessdate=2026-07-26}}</ref> ==Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] fx597s6lpu7sn3ox4whgacj0zbx9rxf 0 152673 1581919 1516261 2026-07-26T12:33:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Processed seafood clipped.jpg|thumb|Kababu za samaki.]] '''Kababu za samaki''' ni [[nyama]] ya [[samaki]] iliyotengenezwa kwa [[umbo]] la [[tufe]] ambayo huchemshwa au kukaangwa kwa kina. Sawa katika utungaji na [[keki]] ya [[samaki]], kababu za samaki mara nyingi hutengenezwa kwa kusaga samaki au surimi, [[chumvi]], na kiunganishi cha [[upishi]] kama vile unga wa tapioca, [[mahindi]] au [[wanga]] ya [[viazi]]. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZIUCT2GdLwC&dq=difference+between+fish+ball+and+fish+cake&pg=PA194|title=Commodity Classifications Under the Harmonized System|date=1990|publisher=Department of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service|pages=194|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akYLOTMdCSEC&dq=difference+between+fish+ball+and+fish+cake&pg=PA166|title=IFIS Dictionary of Food Science and Technology|collaboration=[[International Food Information Service]]|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-8740-4|pages=166|language=en}}</ref> Kababu za samaki ni maarufu Mashariki na Kusini-mashariki mwa [[Asia]], <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0hZDwAAQBAJ&dq=difference+between+fish+ball+and+fish+cake&pg=PA267|title=Asian Foods: Science and Technology|last=Ang|first=Catharina Y. W.|last2=Liu|first2=Keshun|last3=Huang|first3=Yao-Wen|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4822-7879-8|pages=267|language=en}}</ref> ambapo huliwa kama vitafunio au kuongezwa kwa [[supu]] au sahani za hotpot. Kawaida huhusishwa na vyakula vya [[Kichina]] na tasnia ya kababu ya samaki inaendeshwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na watu wa asili ya Kichina. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWZmAQAAQBAJ&dq=difference+between+fish+ball+and+fish+cake&pg=PA286|title=Surimi and Surimi Seafood|last=Park|first=Jae W.|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-9857-4|edition=3|language=en}}</ref> : 286 Matoleo ya Ulaya huwa na usindikaji mdogo, wakati mwingine hutumia [[maziwa]] au viazi kwa kumfunga. Nchi za Nordic pia zina tofauti zao. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] bezt1bm6zozdzzjt8va5swchwm7ibi2 0 156447 1582082 1426862 2026-07-27T11:31:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''African Sauce''' ''(Mchuzi wa Kiafrika)'' ni albamu ya nne ya bendi maarufu kutoka nchini [[Kenya]] [[Sauti Sol]], iliyotolewa kwenye lebo yao Sauti Sol Entertainment.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/afrikan-sauce/1450820367 | title = Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2022-08-10 |archivedate=2019-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225170027/https://music.apple.com/us/album/afrikan-sauce/1450820367 }}</ref><ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/sauti-sol-afrikan-sauce-new-album-listen/</ref> Kimsingi albamu yao ya mchuzi wa kiafrika iliashiria kuondoka kwa sauti za asili kulinganisha na albamu zao zilizo tangulia. Imewashilikisha wasanii kama Patoranking, Tiwa Savage, Burna Boy, Vanessa Mdee, Yemi Alade, Khaligraph Jones, Nyashinski, Bebe Cool, Mi Casa, Toofan, Jah Prayzah and C4 Pedro.<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/sauti-sol-afrikan-sauce-new-album-listen/</ref> Albamu ina nyimbo 13 zikiwemo nyimbo zilizotolewa awali kama "Melanin", "Girl Next Door", "Afrikan Star", "Short N Sweet" and "Tujiangalie".<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/sauti-sol-afrikan-sauce-new-album-listen/</ref> == Kuhusu albamu == Sauti Sol walieleza albamu hiyo kama mradi wa "mabadilishano ya sanaa na kitamaduni" na walisema itatoka mwishoni mwa mwaka 2017, kumbe ilitoka mwaka 2019.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Not Enough Sauce on Sauti Sol's 'Afrikan Sauce' Album|url=https://tangazamagazine.com/features/2019/3/17/not-enough-sauce-on-sauti-sols-afrikan-sauce-album|work=Tangaza Magazine|accessdate=2022-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia walitangaza malengo yao ya kuachia nyimbo na wasanii tofauti tofauti wa Afrika kila mwezi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Not Enough Sauce on Sauti Sol's 'Afrikan Sauce' Album|url=https://tangazamagazine.com/features/2019/3/17/not-enough-sauce-on-sauti-sols-afrikan-sauce-album|work=Tangaza Magazine|accessdate=2022-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> Hata hivyo malengo yao haya kutimia kutokana na vikwazo vya kifedha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sauti Sol reveal financial constraints have affected their 2018 plans - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/sauti-sol-reveal-financial-constraints-have-affected-their-2018-plans/|work=www.capitalfm.co.ke|accessdate=2022-08-10|archive-date=2019-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229230314/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/sauti-sol-reveal-financial-constraints-have-affected-their-2018-plans/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Albamu za 2019]] 895azh48462y3e4z6h82kmdfotrqi4i 0 166327 1582000 1530051 2026-07-26T22:36:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582000 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Zeila ruins.jpeg|thumb|Maghofu ya kihistoria, Zeila]] [[Faili:Zeila at night.jpg|thumb|Zeila wakati wa usiku]] '''Zeila''' (kwa {{Lang-so|Saylac}}, kwa [[Kiarabu]] زيلع ''zayla'') ni [[mji]] wa [[bandari]] wa [[historia|kihistoria]] katika mkoa wa magharibi wa Awdal wa [[Somaliland]]. <ref name="Sfalr">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Somalia City & Town Population|url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-03%20Land%20Cover%20of%20Selected%20Study%20Areas%20in%20Somaliland%20and%20Southern%20Somalia.pdf|publisher=FAO|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211231231/http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-03%20Land%20Cover%20of%20Selected%20Study%20Areas%20in%20Somaliland%20and%20Southern%20Somalia.pdf|archivedate=11 February 2015|accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref> Katika [[Enzi ya kati|Karne za Kati]], [[msafiri]] [[Wayahudi|Myahudi]] [[Benjamini wa Tudela]] alitambua Zeila (au Hawilah) na eneo la [[Biblia|Kibiblia]] la Havila. <ref>François-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar, "Desperately Seeking the Jewish Kingdom of Ethiopia: Benjamin of Tudela and the Horn of Africa (Twelfth Century)", ''[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]]'', 88.2 (2013): 383–404.</ref> Wasomi wengi wa kisasa wanadhani kwamba Zeila ni kati ya miji iliyotajwa katika [[kitabu]] cha mwongozo wa [[biashara]] kwenye [[Bahari ya Shamu]] iliyotungwa kwenye [[karne ya 2]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]] na kuitwa ''[[Mzunguko wa Bahari Nyekundu|Periplus ya Bahari ya Erythraea]]''. <ref>G. W. B. Huntingford (ed.), ''The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, by an Unknown Author: With Some Extracts from Agatharkhides ‘On the Erythraean Sea’'' (Ashgate, 1980), p. 90.</ref> <ref>Lionel Casson (ed.), ''The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation and Commentary'' (Princeton University Press, 1989), pp. 116–17. Avalites may be [[Assab]] or a village named Abalit near [[Obock]].</ref> Mji huo uliendelea kuwa [[kitovu]] cha awali cha [[Uislamu]]. Tangu [[karne ya 9]], Zeila ilikuwa [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Ufalme wa Adal]] na [[Usultani wa Ifat]] katika [[karne ya 13]]; na pia mji mkuu wa [[dola]] mrithi wake [[Usultani wa Adal]]. Wakati wa [[karne ya 16]] iliona kipindi cha ustawi. Baadaye mji ulikuwa chini ya [[mamlaka]] ya [[Milki ya Osmani]] na tangu [[karne ya 18]] chini ya [[Milki ya Uingereza|Uingereza]]. Hadi hivi majuzi Zeila ilikuwa imezungukwa na [[ukuta]] mkubwa wenye [[mlango|milango]] mitano: Bab al Sahil na Bab al-jadd upande wa Kaskazini, Bab Abdulqadir upande wa Mashariki, Bab al-Sahil upande wa magharibi na Bab Ashurbura upande wa kusini. <ref>Historical Dictionary of Somalia by Mohamed Haji Mukhtar page 268 </ref> Zeila iko katika eneo la jadi la ukoo wa kale wa Dir ya [[Somalia]]. Mji wa Zeila na wilaya ya Zeila inakaliwa na Wagadabuursi na Waissa, ambao ni koo ndogo za familia ya Dir. <ref>Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha. (n.d.). Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 – 1900. doi:10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26077</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mnLDwAAQBAJ&q=samaron&pg=PA121|title=The Security Arena in Africa: Local Order-Making in the Central African Republic, Somaliland, and South Sudan|last=Glawion|first=Tim|date=2020-01-30|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-65983-3|language=en|quote=Three distinct circles can be distinguished based on the way the security arena is composed in and around Zeila: first, Zeila town, the administrative centre, which is home to many government institutions and where the mostly ethnic Gadabuursi/Samaron inhabitants engage in trading or government service activities; second, Tokhoshi, an artisanal salt mining area eight kilometres west of Zeila, where a mixture of clan and state institutions provide security and two large ethnic groups (Ciise and Gadabuursi/Samaron) live alongside one another; third the southern rural areas, which are almost universally inhabited by the Ciise clan, with its long, rigid culture of self-rule.}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/reclus/universalgeograp10recl.pdf|title=The Earth and its Inhabitants The Universal Geography Vol. X. North-east Africa|last=Reclus|first=Elisée|date=1886|publisher=J.S. Virtue & Co, Limited, 294 City Road|language=en|quote=Two routes, often blocked by the inroads of plundering hordes, lead from Harrar to Zeila. One crosses a ridge to the north of the town, thence redescending into the basin of the Awash by the Galdessa Pass and valley, and from this point running towards the sea through Issa territory, which is crossed by a chain of trachytic rocks trending southwards. The other and more direct but more rugged route ascends north-eastwards towards the Darmi Pass, crossing the country of the Gadibursis or Gudabursis. The town of Zeila lies south of a small archipelago of islets and reefs on a point of the coast where it is hemmed in by the Gadibursi tribe. It has two ports, one frequented by boats but impracticable for ships, whilst the other, not far south of the town, although very narrow, is from 26 to 33 feet deep, and affords safe shelter to large craft.}}</ref> <ref>UN (1999) Somaliland: Update to SML26165.E of 14 February 1997 on the situation in Zeila, including who is controlling it, whether there is fighting in the area, and whether refugees are returning. "The Gadabuursi clan dominates Awdal region. As a result, regional politics in Awdal is almost synonymous with Gadabuursi internal clan affairs." p. 5.</ref> Mazingira ya Zeila ni [[jangwa]]. [[Bahari|Baharini]] kuna [[Kisiwa|visiwa]] vidogo. Mji ulikuwa na vipindi vya ustawi kutokana na biashara yake lakini [[idadi]] ya watu ilibaki ndogo kutokana na uhaba wa maji baridi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Vyanzo ==  {{refbegin}} *{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDtCISiFS8IC|title=Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation|last1=McClanahan|first1=T. R.|last2=Sheppard|first2=C. R. C.|last3=Obura|first3=D. O.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-195-35217-3}} {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=47&cid=2 Sir Richard Burton's account of Zeila in the late 19th century] * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/21/Saylac.html Zeila - majiranukta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SO/21/Saylac.html |date=20150924155344 }} [[Jamii:miji ya Somalia]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Somaliland]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Coordinates on Wikidata]] hkg5oq6ydpqi38457e9s4ygl4ta68um 0 169024 1581981 1528731 2026-07-26T18:27:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581981 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Varshini Prakash 2019.jpg|thumb|Varshini Prakash]] '''Varshini Prakash''' (alizaliwa [[1992]]/[[1993]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[hali ya hewa]] wa [[Marekani]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Sunrise Movement, shirika la 501(c)(4) ambalo alilianzisha mwaka wa [[2017]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Who Will Save The Planet? Meet The women Rallying For Climate Justice|author=Pascoe|first=Alley|url=https://www.marieclaire.com.au/meet-the-women-rallying-for-climate-justice|accessdate=10 March 2023|work=Marie Claire Australia|language=en|date=May 2021}}</ref> Alitajwa kwenye orodha ya watu 100 wenye ushawishi zaidi mnamo mwaka [[2019]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TIME 100 Next 2019: Varshini Prakash|url=https://time.com/collection/time-100-next-2019/5718838/varshini-prakash/|accessdate=April 23, 2021|work=Time|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428081352/https://time.com/collection/time-100-next-2019/5718838/varshini-prakash/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na alikuwa mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Sierra Club John Muir mnamo 2019. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=September 16, 2019|title=Sierra Club Announces 2019 National Award Winners|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2019/09/sierra-club-announces-2019-national-award-winners|accessdate=April 23, 2021|work=Sierra Club|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423202103/https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2019/09/sierra-club-announces-2019-national-award-winners|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Prakash alizaliwa na kukulia [[Massachusetts]] kwa wazazi waliotokea Kusini mwa [[India]], <ref name="bg2019">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2019/09/17/older-generations-broke-climate-young-people-fix/eDldPRIKVOadSXQLiQws0H/story.html|title=Older generations broke the climate. It's up to young people to fix it|author=Prakash|first=Varshini|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=17 September 2019|accessdate=10 March 2023}}</ref> baba yake alitoka [[Tamil Nadu]] . <ref name="2020sierraclub">{{Rejea tovuti|date=22 December 2020|title=Varshini Prakash on Redefining What's Possible|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2021-1-january-february/feature/varshini-prakash-redefining-whats-possible|accessdate=10 March 2023|work=Sierra Club|author=Prakash|first=Varshini|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502192122/https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2021-1-january-february/feature/varshini-prakash-redefining-whats-possible|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alianza kufahamu [[Kupanda kwa halijoto duniani|mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa]] alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 11 alipokuwa akitazama habari za [[tsunami]] ya [[Bahari ya Hindi]] mwaka [[2004]] ambayo iliathiri [[Chennai]], ambako babu zake waliishi. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Solis|first=Marie|date=18 November 2019|title=How a 26-Year-Old Activist Forced the Democratic Party to Get Serious About Climate Change|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/ne8y5z/how-a-26-year-old-activist-forced-the-democratic-party-to-get-serious-about-climate-change-v26n4|accessdate=10 March 2023|work=Vice}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Adabala|first=Srihita|date=26 March 2020|title=Meet Varshini Prakash, Leader of The Sunrise Movement|url=https://nextgenpolitics.org/meet-varshini-prakash-leader-of-the-sunrise-movement/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031172212/https://www.nextgenpolitics.org/meet-varshini-prakash-leader-of-the-sunrise-movement/|archivedate=31 October 2020|work=Next Generation Politics}}</ref> Alipokuwa akikua, alitamani kuwa [[daktari]]. <ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Swahili climate voices]] mph3rfjru73at6qd6h4q2qvacpgj4l6 0 180387 1581995 1529542 2026-07-26T21:18:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581995 wikitext text/x-wiki "Women in Tech Africa" (WiTA) ni shirika linalojikita katika kupanua ujasiriamali na kuongeza idadi ya wanawake katika [[teknolojia]], hususan barani [[Afrika]]. Lilianzishwa na Ethel D Cofie.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/12/tech/african-women-breaking-down-tech-barriers/|title=It's not a man's world: The African women breaking down tech barriers|first=Ethel|last=Cofie|work=CNN|access-date=2018-10-04|language=en-US}}</ref> Miaka iliyopita, WiTA imejikita kimkakati katika kuwezesha [[wanawake]] kuendesha hadithi ya ukuaji wa Afrika na kuwa na athari katika maisha yao binafsi kupitia teknolojia. Kwa sasa, kikundi kinawalenga wajasiriamali wa kike wanaopenda teknolojia kati ya umri wa miaka 18 na 40. Women in Tech Africa ni kikundi kikubwa zaidi barani Afrika na wanachama katika nchi 30 kote ulimwenguni, na matawi ya kimwili huko Ghana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Somaliland, Ujerumani, Ireland, Kenya, Tanzania, na Mauritius.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.womenintechafrica.com/|title=Women in Tech Africa [africa's largest women in tech group] {{!}} Creating Opportunities and affecting our communities|website=www.womenintechafrica.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-04|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006000301/http://www.womenintechafrica.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Malengo == * Kuongeza idadi ya wanawake katika teknolojia na kuchukua nafasi za uongozi katika sekta za teknolojia. * Kuunda njia kwa wanawake kuchagua taaluma za STEM. * Kuhamasisha wanawake kushiriki katika nafasi za ujasiriamali katika nyanja za STEM. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Haki za wanawake]] <references /> 45bkc4pl54up8m3jymf8muxke8fu3xx 0 190281 1581975 1528636 2026-07-26T17:59:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanja wa Ndege wa Ghanzi''' ni bandari ya kuingilia uwanja wa ndege unaohudumia [[Ghanzi]], mji katika [[Wilaya ya Ghanzi]] nchini [[Botswana]]. Uwanja huo wa ndege uko karibu na mji huo. Kwa sasa hakuna ratiba za huduma, bali ni shughuli za kukodisha na za binafsi pekee. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.caab.co.bw/caab-content.php?cid=259|title=caab botswana civil aviation botswana aeronautical navigation aircraft licensing botswana 09-08-19|author=cityweb.in|work=www.caab.co.bw|accessdate=2018-08-20}}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Usafiri nchini Botswana]] * [[Orodha ya viwanja vya ndege nchini Botswana]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.caab.co.bw/caab-content.php?cid=259 Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga ya Botswana] * [https://skyvector.com/airport/FBGZ/Ghanzi-Airport SkyVector - Ghanzi] * [http://www.fallingrain.com/icao/FBGZ.html Ghanzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/icao/FBGZ.html |date=20241112125251 }} [[Jamii:Viwanja vya ndege nchini Botswana]] thbu14xpzfhsdohhi578dcdvdzkz8n4 0 198696 1581960 1390333 2026-07-26T14:26:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Théodore-Adrien Sarr''' (alizaliwa [[28 Novemba]] [[1936]]) ni [[kardinali]] kutoka [[Senegal]] katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Alikuwa [[Askofu mkuu|Askofu Mkuu]] wa Dakar kuanzia mwaka 2000 hadi 2014, na kabla ya hapo alihudumu kama Askofu wa Kaolack kutoka mwaka 1974 hadi 2000. Aliinuliwa kuwa [[kardinali]] mwaka 2007 na [[Papa Benedikto XVI]].<ref name="All Africa">{{en}} [[All Africa]] : [http://myafrica.allafrica.com/view/people/main/id/075jT1Y3QxJauRBc.html "Professional Information" of Théodore-Adrien Sarr (in) All Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://myafrica.allafrica.com/view/people/main/id/075jT1Y3QxJauRBc.html |date=20180908202521 }} (Retrieved : 16 July 2012)</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Makardinali]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Senegal]] 215jns9sj9n84u2gvqszjyjt8gas0k8 0 200167 1581959 1496293 2026-07-26T14:25:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581959 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Théo NGWABIDJE KASI.jpg|thumb|300px|Naibu wa taifa Théo Ngwabidje Kasi]] [[image:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (grey spear).svg|thumb|150px|nembo ya Kongo]] '''Théo Ngwabidje Kasi''' (alizaliwa Machi 27, 1971 [[Goma]]) ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Yeye ni naibu wa kitaifa wa bunge la nne, aliyechaguliwa kutoka eneo bunge la Idjwi huko Kivu Kusini. Gavana wa jimbo la [[Kivu Kusini]] kwa miaka mitano kuanzia Aprili 2019 hadi uchaguzi wa mrithi wake Mei 2024<ref>Lien web |langue=fr |titre=Sud-Kivu: au deuxième tour, Jean Jacques Purusi élu gouverneur |url=https://actualite.cd/2024/05/02/sud-kivu-au-deuxieme-tour-jean-jacques-purusi-elu-gouverneur |site=Actualite.cd |date=2024-05-02 |consulté le=2024-05-08</ref>. == Wasifu == === Vijana na masomo === Théo Ngwabidje Kasi alitumia sehemu ya ujana wake huko [[Goma]] ambapo alimaliza masomo yake ya msingi kisha [[Bukavu]] ambapo alimaliza shule ya sekondari na kupata diploma yake ya serikali katika Taasisi ya Bagira kabla ya kwenda kusoma. [[Kinshasa]] kwa masomo yake ya juu. Mnamo 1994, alipata digrii ya uchumi na fedha kutoka Taasisi ya Juu ya Falsafa na Barua (ISPL) huko Kinshasa. Mnamo 2008, alipata Diploma ya Mafunzo ya Juu (DEA) katika uhusiano wa kimataifa, chaguo la uchumi wa kimataifa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Ualimu. === Kazi ya kitaaluma === Akiwa mtumishi wa umma kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, Théo Ngwabidje Kasi alifanya kazi kati ya 2001 na 2003 katika Urais wa Jamhuri kama msaidizi katika "seli ya wataalam wa shirika" katika ofisi ya mshauri maalum wa Mkuu wa Nchi. Yeye pia ni mtendaji wa Hazina ya Kitaifa ya Hifadhi ya Jamii (CNSS) kuanzia 2003 hadi 2019 kama mtaalam, kisha mkurugenzi wa mkoa huko [[Kivu Kusini]]<ref>Article |langue=français |titre=Sud-Kivu : le nouveau gouverneur Théo Ngwabidje électrise Bukavu |périodique=24 Heures |date=08/05/2019 |lire en ligne=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5cd2fde2c5c06700046b7478/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5cd2fde2c5c06700046b7478/ |date=20210908143541 }}</ref>. Amehusika katika kazi ya kibinadamu kwa takriban miaka kumi, hasa kupitia Rotary, ambapo aliongoza klabu katika jiji la [[Bukavu]] na alikuwa msaidizi wa Gavana wa Wilaya<ref>Article |langue=français |titre=Sud-Kivu : le gouverneur de province Théo Ngwabidje Kasi prend part à la journée mondiale de l’aide humanitaire |périodique=24 Heures |date=23/08/2019 |lire en ligne=https://fizimedia.com/2019/08/sud-kivu-le-gouverneur-de-province-theo-ngwabidje-kasi-prend-part-a-la-journee-mondiale-de-laide-humanitaire/ {{Wayback|url=https://fizimedia.com/2019/08/sud-kivu-le-gouverneur-de-province-theo-ngwabidje-kasi-prend-part-a-la-journee-mondiale-de-laide-humanitaire/ |date=20221002040407 }}</ref>. === Kazi ya kisiasa === Théo Ngwabidje Kasi ni mwanachama wa Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Kijamii (UDPS)]]<ref>Lien web |langue=fr-FR |prénom=La |nom=Rédaction |nom2=Infos.CD |titre=Sud-Kivu : le gouverneur Théo Ngwabidje signe son adhésion effective à l’UDPS |url=https://infos.cd/actualite/politique/sud-kivu-le-gouverneur-theo-ngwabidje-signe-son-adhesion-effective-a-ludps/12616/ |site=Infos.CD |date=2022-10-30 |consulté le=2023-04-12</ref>. Mnamo Aprili 9, 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa gavana wa jimbo la Kivu Kusini, na aliingia rasmi madarakani Mei 9, akirithi [[Claude Nyamugabo Bazibuhe]]<ref>Article|langue=français|titre=Sud-Kivu: le Gouverneur Théo Ngwabidje, désormais dans son cabinet de Nyamoma|périodique=24 Heures|date=10/05/2019|lire en ligne=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-51044_sud_kivu_le_gouverneur_theo_ngwabidje_desormais_dans_son_cabinet_de_nyamoma.html</ref>. Mnamo Desemba 2020, alikuwa Gavana wa kwanza wa Mkoa kutangaza kushikamana kwake ndani ya "muungano mtakatifu wa taifa" unaoungwa mkono na Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]]<ref>Article |langue=français |titre=Sud-Kivu : Le gouverneur Ngwabidje (FCC) rejoint à son tour l'Union sacrée de la Nation |périodique=24 heures |date=17/12/2020 |lire en ligne=https://www.7sur7.cd/index.php/2020/12/17/sud-kivu-le-gouverneur-ngwabidje-fcc-rejoint-son-tour-lunion-sacree-de-la-nation</ref>. Katika kipindi cha miaka 4, alikabiliwa na hoja 4, zikiwemo mbili za kutokuwa na imani, zote zilikataliwa na manaibu wa majimbo<ref>Article |langue=français |titre=Sud-Kivu : une deuxième motion de défiance contre Ngwabidje rejetée |périodique=24 heures |date=07/05/2021 |lire en ligne=https://actualite.cd/2021/05/07/sud-kivu-une-deuxieme-motion-de-defiance-contre-ngwabidje-rejetee</ref> na wengine wawili wa udhibiti dhidi ya serikali yake, walihukumiwa kinyume cha katiba na mahakama ya kikatiba baada ya kura yao. Hoja ya mwisho ya kushutumu ilikataliwa mnamo Machi 2023<ref>Lien web |langue=fr |titre=Sud-Kivu : la Cour constitutionnelle réhabilite le gouvernement provincial |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/03/22/actualite/politique/sud-kivu-la-cour-constitutionnelle-rehabilite-le-gouvernement |site=Radio Okapi |date=2023-03-22 |consulté le=2023-04-12</ref> kabla ya Naibu Waziri Mkuu na Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani kumtaarifu Gavana Théo Ngwabidje Kasi kuendelea kikamilifu kabla ya Naibu Waziri Mkuu na Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani kumtaarifu Gavana Théo Ngwabidje Kasi ili aendelee na kazi zake kikamilifu<ref>Lien web |langue=fr-FR |titre=Sud-Kivu : Réhabilité par la Cour Constitutionnelle, Théo Ngwabidje reprend ses fonctions sur instruction du VPM de l'Intérieur |url=https://actu7.cd/2023/04/10/sud-kivu-rehabilite-par-la-cour-constitutionnelle-theo-ngwabidje-reprend-ses-fonctions-sur-instruction-du-vpm-de-linterieur/ {{Wayback|url=https://actu7.cd/2023/04/10/sud-kivu-rehabilite-par-la-cour-constitutionnelle-theo-ngwabidje-reprend-ses-fonctions-sur-instruction-du-vpm-de-linterieur/ |date=20240621230730 }} |site=Actu7.cd |consulté le=2023-04-12</ref>. Alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa kitaifa baada ya uchaguzi mkuu mnamo Desemba 2023 katika wilaya ya uchaguzi ya Idjwi katika mkoa wa Kivu Kusini kwa niaba ya chama cha rais. ===Maisha binafsi=== Théo Ngwabidje Kasi ameoana na Coralie Asseli Kasi na ni baba wa watoto 5<ref>Article |langue=français |titre=Droit des femmes : Mme Coralie Asseli Kasi prête à valoriser la femme du Sud-Kivu |périodique=24 Heures |date=13/03/2020 |lire en ligne=https://www.lisapo.info/droit-des-femmes-mme-coralie-asseli-kasi-prete-a-valoriser-la-femme-du-sud-kivu/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.lisapo.info/droit-des-femmes-mme-coralie-asseli-kasi-prete-a-valoriser-la-femme-du-sud-kivu/ |date=20250322060358 }}</ref>. Yeye ni Mkristo<ref>Article |langue=français |titre=Sud-kivu / Fête du Saint Sacrément : Le Gouverneur Théo Kasi a Communié avec les Chrétiens de la Paroisse de Bagira |périodique=24 Heures |date=06/06/2021 |lire en ligne=https://mamaradio.info/sud-kivu-fete-du-saint-sacrement-le-gouverneur-theo-kasi-a-communie-avec-les-chretiens-de-la-paroisse-de-bagira/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:magavana wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1971]] l69cfacybtg7rbsqdv21zhxwfwb0c09 0 204548 1581994 1529463 2026-07-26T21:00:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Lloyd Garrison''' ([[10 Desemba]] [[1805]] – [[24 Mei]] [[1879]]) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kukomboa watumwa wa [[Marekani]], [[mwandishi]] wa habari, na mrekebishaji wa kijamii. Anajulikana zaidi kwa gazeti lake la kupinga utumwa lililosomwa sana "''The Liberator,''" ambalo Garrison alianzisha mwaka wa [[1831]] na kuchapisha huko Boston hadi utumwa nchini Marekani ulipokomeshwa kwa kiasi na [[Marekebisho]] ya Kumi na Tatu mwaka wa [[1865]]. Aliunga mkono haki za [[wanawake]] na katika miaka ya 1870, Garrison alikua sauti maarufu kwa harakati za haki za [[wanawake]] kupiga kura.<ref name=Chapman>{{cite book |title=William Lloyd Garrison |first=John Jay |last=Chapman |location=Boston |publisher=[[Atlantic Monthly Press]] |year=1921 |url=https://archive.org/details/willlloydgarr00chaprich/page/6}}</ref> Garrison alikuza "''no-governmentism''" na alikataa uhalali wa asili wa serikali ya Marekani kwa msingi kwamba ushiriki wake katika vita, [[ubeberu]], na utumwa uliifanya kuwa ya ufisadi na ya kidhalimu. Imani yake katika uhuru wa mtu binafsi, na ukosoaji wake wa mamlaka ya kulazimisha zimetambuliwa kama mtangulizi wa baadhi ya mifumo ya mawazo ya kilibertaria ya kisasa. Awali alipinga jeuri kama kanuni na alitetea amani ya [[Kikristo]] dhidi ya uovu; hata hivyo, wakati wa kuzuka kwa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya [[Marekani]], alitambua umuhimu wa mapambano ya [[silaha]] kama njia ya kufikia kukomesha utumwa na aliunga mkono juhudi za utawala wa Lincoln za kumudu maliza [[taasisi]] hiyo. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Jumuiya]] ya Marekani ya Kupinga Utumwa na alikuza ukombozi wa haraka na bila fidia, tofauti na ukombozi wa polepole na wenye fidia, wa watumwa nchini Marekani.<ref>{{cite thesis | last = Richards | first = Irving T. | year = 1933 | title = The Life and Works of John Neal | degree = PhD | publisher = [[Harvard University]] | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | url = http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990038995990203941/catalog | oclc = 7588473 | page = 568}}</ref> Garrison alikuwa mwandishi wa aina za herufi, ambayo ilimudu saidia katika kuendesha "The Liberator." Alipokuwa akifanya kazi kwenye wahariri wake wa gazeti hilo, Garrison angeandika maandishi yake wakati akipanga herufi za uchapishaji, bila ya kwanza kuyaandika kwenye karatasi. Garrison alizaliwa tarehe [[10 Desemba]] [[1805]], huko Newburyport, [[Massachusetts]], akiwa mwana wa wahamiaji kutoka koloni la Uingereza la New Brunswick, ambalo sasa ni Kanada ya leo. Chini ya [[Sheria]] ya Msaada kwa Mabaharia Wagonjwa na Walemavu, baba yake Abijah Garrison, rubani wa meli za wafanyabiashara na mwalimu, alikuwa amepata hati za Marekani na kuhamisha familia yake hadi Newburyport mnamo 1806. Sheria ya Marufuku ya Marekani ya [[1807]], iliyokusudiwa kumudu dhuru [[Uingereza]], ilisababisha kupungua kwa usafirishaji wa kibiashara wa Marekani. Baba yake hivi karibuni alikosa ajira na akaacha familia mnamo [[1808]]. Mama yake Garrison alikuwa Frances Maria Lloyd, ambaye inasemekana alikuwa mrefu, mwenye haiba, na mwenye tabia thabiti ya kidini. Alianza kumudu ita mwana wao William kama Lloyd, jina lake la kati, ili kuhifadhi jina la familia yake; baadaye alichapisha jina lake kama "Wm. Lloyd". Alikufa mnamo [[1823]], katika jiji la [[Baltimore, Maryland]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cain |first=William E. |title=William Lloyd Garrison and the fight against Slavery: Selections from the Liberator|year=1995 |url=https://archive.org/details/williamlloydgarr00will }}</ref> Garrison aliuza limau na peremende za nyumbani akiwa kijana, na pia alipeleka kuni kusaidia [[familia]]. Mnamo [[1818]], akiwa na miaka 13, Garrison alianza kufanya kazi kama mwandishi wa aina za herufi wa mwanafunzi katika Newburyport Herald. Hivi karibuni alianza kuandika makala, mara nyingi chini ya jina la Aristides. (Aristides alikuwa mwanasiasa na jenerali wa Athene, aliyeitwa "Mwenye Haki".) Aliweza kuandika wakati akipanga [[maandishi]] yake, bila hitaji la karatasi. Mchango wake wa maana zaidi katika gazeti hilo, wakati wa mwaka wa mwisho wa ujifunzaji wake, ulikuwa kukashifu vikali kwa Waandishi wa Marekani na John Neal. Hii ilianza ugomvi wa miaka mingi. Baada ya ujifunzaji wake kumalizika, Garrison alikua mmiliki pekee, mhariri, na mchapishaji wa Newburyport Free Press, akipata haki kutoka kwa rafiki yake Isaac Knapp, ambaye pia alikuwa amejifunza katika Herald. Mmoja wa wachangiaji wao wa mara kwa mara alikuwa mshairi na [[mwanaharakati]] wa kumudu komboa watumwa John Greenleaf Whittier. Katika kazi hii ya mapema kama mwandishi wa gazeti la mji mdogo, Garrison alipata ujuzi ambao baadaye angetumia kama [[mwandishi]] maarufu wa kitaifa, mzungumzaji, na mchapishaji wa gazeti. Mnamo [[1828]], aliteuliwa kuwa mhariri wa National Philanthropist huko Boston, Massachusetts, jarida la kwanza la Marekani kukuza unyofu ulioamriwa kisheria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=William Watkins MSA SC 5496-002535|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5400/sc5496/002500/002535/html/002535bio.html|website=msa.maryland.gov|access-date=May 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612094549/https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5400/sc5496/002500/002535/html/002535bio.html|archive-date=June 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Alijihusisha na harakati za kupinga utumwa katika miaka ya 1820 na baada ya muda, alikataa Jumuiya ya Uk colonialism wa [[Marekani]] na maoni ya polepole ya wengi walioshiriki katika harakati hiyo. Garrison alianzisha pamoja "The Liberator" kukuza maoni yake ya kumudu komboa watumwa. Kutoka kwa wale waliokuwa wakisoma chapisho hilo, mnamo [[1832]] alipanga Jumuiya ya New-England ya Kupinga Utumwa. Jumuiya hii ilipanuka na kuwa Jumuiya ya [[Marekani]] ya Kupinga Utumwa, ambayo ilitetea msimamo kwamba utumwa unapaswa kukomeshwa mara moja, badala ya polepole.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Masur|first1=Louis|title=1831, Year of Eclipse|url=https://archive.org/details/1831yearofeclips00masu|url-access=registration|date=2001|publisher=Hill and Wang|location=New York|isbn=978-0809041183|edition=7th}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Boston Directory |year=1831 |url=https://archive.org/stream/stimpsonsbostond3132adam#page/4/mode/1up |quote=Garrison & Knapp, editors and proprietors Liberator, 10 Merchants Hall, Congress Street |access-date=December 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327053823/http://archive.org/stream/stimpsonsbostond3132adam#page/4/mode/1up |archive-date=March 27, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://prezi.com/x_p5ntprhbyf/william-lloyd-garrison/|title=William Lloyd Garrison|website=prezi.com|language=en|access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.theliberatorfiles.com/death-of-isaac-knapp/|title=Death of Isaac Knapp|website=theliberatorfiles.com|language=en|access-date=October 30, 2021}}</ref><ref>[http://fair-use.org/the-liberator/1865/12/29/valedictory Valedictory (1865-12-29): by William Lloyd Garrison<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218063921/http://fair-use.org/the-liberator/1865/12/29/valedictory|date=February 18, 2006}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/lettersonequali00grimgoog "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and Condition of Woman"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402091912/https://archive.org/details/lettersonequali00grimgoog |date=April 2, 2016 }}, Knapp (1838), Boston</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Seldon|first1=Horace|title=The 'Women's Question' and Garrison|website=The liberator files |url=http://www.theliberatorfiles.com/the-woman-question-and-garrison/|access-date=December 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214103223/http://www.theliberatorfiles.com/the-woman-question-and-garrison/ |archive-date=December 14, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/William_L._Garrison |title=William L. Garrison |publisher=Ohio History Central |website=www.ohiohistorycentral.org |language=en |access-date=November 10, 2017 |archive-date=2023-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227182556/https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/William_L._Garrison |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Michael |first1=Robert |last2=Rosen |first2=Philip |author-link= |date=2007 |title=Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5927rY-UgoC&dq=William+Lloyd+Garrison+%22feet+ran+to+evil%22&pg=PA173 |location=lanham, Maryland / Toronto / Plymouth, UK |publisher=The Scarecrow Press, Inc. |page=173 |isbn=978-0810858626}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Garrison |first1=William Lloyd |title=The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison. Edited by Walter M. Merrill and Louis Ruchames |last2=Ruchames |first2=Louis |last3=Merrill |first3=Walter M. |date=1981 |isbn=978-0-674-52666-2 |location=Cambridge, Mass., Belknap press of Harvard university press |pages=429}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://whyy.org/articles/who-cares-if-bernie-sanders-is-jewish/ |title=Who cares if Bernie Sanders is Jewish? |publisher=[[WHYY-TV|WHYY]] |accessdate=May 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://forward.com/culture/213776/the-powerful-example-of-the-jewish-abolitionists-we-forgot/ |title=The Powerful Example Of The Jewish Abolitionists We Forgot |date=January 30, 2015 |publisher=[[The Forward]] |accessdate=May 7, 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1805]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1879]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] cwph5f32urg8y23nxejg10mx3gftps2 0 204827 1581956 1416714 2026-07-26T13:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''"The Maxx"''' ni mfululizo wa [[kitabu]] cha vichekesho cha [[Marekani]] kilichoundwa na Sam Kieth mnamo [[1993]] na awali kilichochapishwa kila mwezi hadi [[1998]] na Image Comics kwa matoleo 35, kabla ya kukusanywa katika kitabu cha biashara cha karatasi na alama ya DC Comics ya Wildstorm. Kuonekana kwa mara ya kwanza kwa mhusika kulikuwa katika "Darker Image #1" na Image Comics mnamo Machi [[1993]]. Kitabu cha vichekesho, kilicho na shujaa mwenye ngozi ya zambarau anayeitwa jina moja, kilizaa mfululizo wa animated wa vipindi 13 kwenye MTV ambao awali ulirushwa Aprili-Juni [[1995]]. Kuanzia Novemba [[2013]] na kumalizika [[Septemba]] [[2016]], mfululizo wa awali umechapishwa tena na IDW kama "The Maxx: Maxximized" na rangi mpya na skani zilizoboreshwa za sanaa ya awali na Sam Kieth na Jim Sinclair. Mnamo [[2018]], Maxx alionekana katika mfululizo wa crossover wa matoleo matano na Batman, uliochapishwa na IDW.<ref>Overstreet, Robert M. ''[[Official Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide]]''. Gemstone Publishing, Inc. 2007. page 786.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comics.org/issue/764622/|title=GCD: Troll Halloween Special #1 (Image Comics, 1994)|website= Grand Comics Database cataloging information on creator credits, story details, reprints, and other information useful to comic book readers, collectors, fans, and scholars.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.previewsworld.com/Catalog/AUG140471|title=Previews World: Hero Comics 2014 (IDW Publishing, 2014)|website=Another great all-star one-shot to benefit The Hero Initiative. Sam Kieth provides an all-new Maxx story, his first in nearly 20 years.|accessdate=2025-03-09|archive-date=2025-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121114649/https://www.previewsworld.com/Catalog/AUG140471|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newcomic.info/47050-batman-the-maxx-arkham-dreams-2.html|title=Batman - The Maxx - Arkham Dreams #2|website=Download Free CBR, CBZ Comics, 0-day Releases comics, Batman, Spider-Man, Superman and other superhero comics}}</ref> Mfululizo hufuata matukio ya shujaa wa jina hilo katika [[ulimwengu]] mbili: Ulimwengu wa kweli na ukweli mbadala unaorejelewa kama Outback (labda uliopewa jina la sitiari baada ya outback halisi ya Australia). Katika ulimwengu wa kweli, Maxx ni mtafutaji, "mtu asiye na makazi anayeishi katika sanduku", wakati katika Outback, yeye ni mlinzi mwenye [[nguvu]] wa Jungle-Queen, ambaye yuko katika [[ulimwengu]] wa kweli kama Julie Winters, mfanyakazi wa kijamii wa kujitegemea ambaye mara nyingi humudu toa Maxx [[gerezani]] kwa dhamana. Ingawa Maxx anafahamu Outback, Julie hafahamu, ingawa ni muhimu kwa [[hadithi]] zao zote mbili. Bw. Gone, mnyanyasaji wa mfululizo mwenye uhusiano wa telepathic na Julie, ana ujuzi wa kina na upatikanaji wa Outbacks za watu wengine. Anaanza kumpigia Julie simu, lakini anadhani yeye ni mpigaji [[simu]] wa aibu tu na anampuuza. Hatimaye, Maxx anamudu ingilia njia Bw. Gone kwa "kumudu linda" Julie. Gone anajaribu kumuua kwa msaada wa [[wanyama]] wawindaji wakuu wa Outback, Isz. Maxx anapambana naye katika Outback na ulimwengu wa kweli. Hatimaye, Bw. Gone anamfanya Julie aone ukweli kuhusu zamani zake na anamudu funua jinsi Maxx alivyokuja kuwa. Gone alikutana na Julie kwa mara ya kwanza alipokuwa mtoto kama "Uncle Artie", rafiki wa [[baba]] yake; hadithi zake za uongo za kumudu tembelea Australia zilisaidia kuunda Outback ya Julie. Julie anapoanza kujiponya na Outback, mfululizo huanza kumudu fuata Sara, kijana mwenye [[huzuni]] ambaye mama yake anamtuma kwa Julie kwa ushauri nasaha. Sara mara nyingi anapingana na [[mama]] yake, ambaye anamudu adibu ili asikue kuwa kama baba yake - Bw. Gone. Hadithi za nyuma za wahusika kadhaa zinafunuliwa katikati ya mfululizo. Akiwa chuo kikuu, Julie anamudu chukua msafiri wa barabarani ambaye anampiga na kumbaka, akimwacha afe. Ili kukabiliana na hilo, anajificha katika kile kinachoitwa "Outback" yake (mandhari ya zamani kabisa iliyoko kabisa katika fahamu yake ndogo, ambapo ana udhibiti). Katika Outback, anakuwa "The Jungle Queen", mungu wa kike mwenye nguvu zote. Anatumia muda [[mwingi]] sana kukaa katika Outback yake hivi kwamba ulimwengu wa kweli na Outback polepole hugeuka kuwa sio thabiti. Usiku mmoja, bila kukusudia anamudu gonga mtu asiye na makazi na gari lake. Akikumbuka kilichotokea mara ya mwisho aliposimama kumsaidia [[mtu]], anamudu funika mwili uliopoteza fahamu na [[takataka]], lakini kwa kufanya hivyo bila kukusudia anaunda uhusiano kati yake na Outback. Baada ya Julie kuacha taa ya taa kwenye takataka, ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa imegusa Outback, inapanuka juu ya mwili wa mtu huyo na inakuwa barakoa inayomudu mea na kumudu unganisha na Julie, ikimudu badilisha kuwa Maxx. == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-kitabu}} [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] mm99px0djmim9z4uif1kfwofkdjm9kq 0 205249 1581980 1543633 2026-07-26T18:27:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Louis Cachet''' (alizaliwa '''Kristian Vikernes'''; imeandikwa "Christian" katika vyanzo vingine<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Huey |first=Steve |title=Burzum Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/burzum-mn0000645956/biography |access-date=13 October 2023 |work=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=17 July 2013 |title=Burzum-Sänger Varg Vikernes unter Terrorverdacht festgenommen |url=https://www.rollingstone.de/burzum-saenger-varg-vikernes-unter-terrorverdacht-festgenommen-359443/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] | language=de}}</ref>; [[11 Februari]] [[1973]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Varg Vikernes''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] na mwandishi wa [[Kinorwe]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa albamu zake za awali za "black metal" na baadaye kwa uhalifu wake. Rekodi zake tano za kwanza, zilizotolewa chini ya jina Burzum kuanzia mwaka 1992 hadi 1996, zilimfanya kuwa mmoja wa watu wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika mandhari ya awali ya "black metal" ya Kinorwe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Patterson |first1=Dayel |title=20 of the best black metal albums from the 1990s |date=20 July 2016 |url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-07-20/20-of-the-best-black-metal-albums-from-the-1990s |website=[[Team Rock]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hopper |first1=Jessica |title=The Complicated Appeal Of Black Metal |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jessicahopper/the-complicated-appeal-of-black-metal |website=[[BuzzFeed]] | date=29 August 2013}}</ref> Alihukumiwa kwa mauaji na uchomaji moto mwaka 1994 na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 21 gerezani, lakini aliachiliwa baada ya kutumikia miaka 15.Mzaliwa wa Fana, Bergen katika Manispaa ya Bergen, Vikernes alianza kupiga [[gitaa]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 na akaunda [[bendi]] yake ya kwanza, Kalashnikov (iliyokuja kujulikana kama Uruk-Hai), ifikapo mwaka 1989.<ref name="burzum origin">{{cite web |url=http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/a_burzum_story01.shtml |title=Varg Vikernes – A Burzum Story: Part I – The Origin And Meaning |publisher=www.burzum.org |access-date=29 July 2014 |archive-date=2012-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203064912/http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/a_burzum_story01.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aliendelea kujiunga na bendi ya Old Funeral, ambako alipiga gitaa kuanzia 1989 hadi alipoondoka mwaka 1991. Alirekodi nyimbo kadhaa na bendi hiyo, ambazo zilijumuishwa kwenye EP Devoured Carcass, pamoja na albamu mbalimbali za mkusanyiko zilizotolewa miaka kadhaa baadaye. Mnamo 1992, Vikernes, pamoja na wanachama wengine wa mduara huo, alishukiwa kwa kuchoma makanisa manne ya Kikristo nchini Norway. Ingawa alikanusha kuhusika moja kwa moja, alionyesha kuunga mkono matukio hayo. Mnamo 1992–1993, pia alipiga gitaa la besi kwa albamu ya kwanza ya bendi ya Mayhem De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas (1994). Mnamo Agosti 1993, Vikernes alimchoma kisu na kumuua mpigaji gitaa wa Mayhem, Euronymous, wakati wa ugomvi katika nyumba ya marehemu, na alikamatwa muda mfupi baadaye. Mnamo Mei 1994, Vikernes alihukumiwa kwa kosa la mauaji ya daraja la kwanza, kuchoma makanisa na kumiliki vilipuzi. Daima amedai kuwa mauaji hayo yalikuwa ni kitendo cha kujilinda, lakini ombi lake la kupunguziwa shtaka hadi [[uuaji wa kukusudia]] halikufanikiwa. Alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 21 gerezani, adhabu ya juu kabisa chini ya sheria ya Norway. Akiwa gerezani, Vikernes alianzisha shirika la neo-Nazi lijulikanalo kama Norwegian Heathen Front.Alipokuwa gerezani, Vikernes alichapisha vitabu viwili na pia alitoa albamu mbili za muziki wa ambient chini ya jina la Burzum.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Varg Vikernes ute på prøve |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=557287 |work=[[Verdens Gang]] | location=Oslo, Norway |agency=[[Norsk Telegrambyrå|NTB]] | date=10 March 2009 |access-date=10 March 2009 |language=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312054544/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=557287 |url-status=live |archive-date=12 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Ute av fengsel |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2009/05/22/nyheter/black_metal/varg_vikernes/6354526/ |work=www.dagbladet.no |date=22 May 2009 |access-date=23 May 2009 |language=no}}</ref> Baada ya hapo, alihamia Ufaransa na mkewe pamoja na watoto wao, ambako aliendelea kuandika na kutengeneza muziki. Pia alikuwa mwanablogu mwenye shughuli nyingi kwenye chaneli yake ya [[YouTube]] ThuleanPerspective, kabla ya chaneli hiyo kupigwa marufuku na jukwaa hilo. == Wasifu == === Asili na utotoni === Katika mahojiano yaliyochapishwa kwenye kitabu cha 1998 Lords of Chaos, Vikernes anazungumzia asili yake na utoto wake. *Lords of Chaos* pia kinajumuisha mahojiano na mama yake, Helene Bore (kitabu hicho na gazeti moja lililotajwa humo linamrejelea kwa jina Lene).<ref>[http://www.burzum.org/eng/gallery01.php ''Varg Vikernes in Childhood''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.burzum.org/eng/gallery01.php |date=20250212143645 }}. Retrieved 28 March 2013.</ref><ref name="BZINT">{{cite web |title=Interview with Varg Vikernes (12 August 2004), by BG |url=http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/2004_interview_bg.shtml |website=www.burzum.org |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720084952/http://www.burzum.org/eng/library/2004_interview_bg.shtml |archive-date=20 July 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Norwei]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] h6hrwon5p7ib03aasd8bsel9phnqlbo 4 208508 1581953 1581863 2026-07-26T13:39:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1581953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-26) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-26)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 599 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2628 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 958 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1103 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 836 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23528 || ↓ -24.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 136.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2628 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 958 || ↓ -28.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 836 || ↓ -50.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 599 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 548 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 497 || ↓ -14.5% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 497 || ↓ -22.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 496 || ↑ +10.5% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +75.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 447 || ↑ +38.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} mjs5i4r3ltrq1tbvsxnptfs2lxgs23u 1581954 1581953 2026-07-26T13:42:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1581954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-26) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-26)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 599 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2628 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 958 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1103 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 836 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23528 || ↓ -24.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 136.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2628 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 958 || ↓ -28.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 836 || ↓ -50.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 599 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 548 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 497 || ↓ -14.5% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 497 || ↓ -22.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 496 || ↑ +10.5% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +75.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 447 || ↑ +38.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} pqxz1zjia3r5uudmz432h37k81dr209 1581987 1581954 2026-07-26T19:19:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1581987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-26) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-26)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 599 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2628 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 958 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1103 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 836 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23528 || ↓ -24.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 136.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2628 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 958 || ↓ -28.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 836 || ↓ -50.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 599 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 548 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 497 || ↓ -14.5% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 497 || ↓ -22.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 496 || ↑ +10.5% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +75.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 447 || ↑ +38.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 2xekq1p36k6cduh6cc77hv686jpc6mu 1581988 1581987 2026-07-26T19:20:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1581988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-26) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-26)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 599 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2628 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 958 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1103 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 388 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 496 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 836 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 361 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23528 || ↓ -24.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 136.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2628 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 958 || ↓ -28.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 836 || ↓ -50.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 599 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 548 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 497 || ↓ -14.5% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 497 || ↓ -22.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 496 || ↑ +10.5% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +75.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 447 || ↑ +38.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 7p3hk174cr9a1aivuymisys58va2kvv 1582008 1581988 2026-07-27T03:33:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 944 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 989 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 525 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23528 || ↓ -24.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 136.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2628 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 958 || ↓ -28.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 836 || ↓ -50.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 599 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 548 || ↑ +7.5% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 497 || ↓ -14.5% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 497 || ↓ -22.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 496 || ↑ +10.5% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +75.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 447 || ↑ +38.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} nlwfkszh53tk9gljss67yq1xhuggeec 1582010 1582008 2026-07-27T03:41:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 944 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 989 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 525 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} kx07721daf34xxdbmxbuugiwa7x7apu 1582070 1582010 2026-07-27T10:01:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 944 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1011 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} qnws179a9g854hqgg8a949fd6soc39o 1582071 1582070 2026-07-27T10:02:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 28 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 944 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1011 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Burundian cuisine]] | 0.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} bljue8yw6z3uzom4plu2ud57qm0bden 0 209305 1581943 1519238 2026-07-26T13:01:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581943 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Achards de mangue et citron lemon mango achar Madagascar.jpg|thumb|Chakula cha Kimalagasi.]] '''Mapishi ya [[Madagaska]]''' yanaakisi mchanganyiko wa tamaduni za [[Bantu|Kibantu]], [[Asia ya Kusini]], na [[Ufaransa]], kutokana na historia ya uhamiaji na ukoloni. Chakula cha kila siku huhusisha sana [[wali]] (mchele), ambao huliwa karibu kila mlo<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Randrianasolo |first=A. |title=Malagasy Culinary Heritage |publisher=Antananarivo Press |year=2017}}</ref>. Mboga, samaki, na nyama ya ng'ombe au kuku hutumika kama viambato vya wali. Lugha rasmi ya nchi ni [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kimalagasi]], ambazo huathiri majina ya vyakula na mitindo ya upishi. ==Aina za vyakula== ===Romazava=== Romazava ni mchuzi wa majani ya maboga, nyama ya ng'ombe na nyanya, unaopendwa sana na hutumika pamoja na wali<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/romazava |title=Romazava – Traditional Malagasy Dish |website=TasteAtlas |access-date=23 Julai 2025}}</ref>. ===Ravitoto=== Ravitoto hutengenezwa kwa majani ya mihogo yaliyopondwa na kupikwa na mafuta ya nguruwe au nyama nyingine. ===Lasary=== Lasary ni aina ya saladi ya mboga mbichi au zilizochemshwa, mara nyingi ikiwa na karoti, nyanya, vitunguu au limao, na hutumika kama kionjo. ===Akoho sy voanio=== Akoho sy voanio ni mchuzi wa [[kuku]] uliopikwa kwa tui la [[Nazi (tunda)|nazi]], kitoweo maarufu hasa maeneo ya pwani<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/malagasy_coconut_chicken_23845 |title=Malagasy Coconut Chicken |website=BBC Food |access-date=23 Julai 2025}}</ref>. ===Koba=== Koba ni kitafunwa cha kitamaduni chenye mchanganyiko wa ndizi, mchele na karanga, hupikwa kwa kufungwa kwenye majani ya ndizi na kuchemshwa au kuokwa<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Razanajatovo |first=M. |title=Traditional Sweets of Madagascar |publisher=Université d’Antananarivo |year=2015}}</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Africa in topic|Mapishi ya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Madagaska]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] 9s86207gpva2xrsd4b1lsb1a14afzoh 0 215927 1582012 1462788 2026-07-27T03:43:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Cevad Pasha''' ([[1851]] – [[10 Agosti]] [[1900]]) alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Dola ya [[Ottoman]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri Mkuu (Grand Vizier) wa Dola ya Ottoman kuanzia [[4 Septemba]] [[1891]] hadi [[8 Juni]] [[1895]]. Alitokana na asili ya [[Kituruki]]. Kwa upande wa ukoo wake, Ahmed Cevad Pasha alikuwa mjomba wa Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı, mwandishi mashuhuri wa fasihi ya Kituruki, pamoja na Aliye Berger na Fahrelnissa Zeid, ambao walijulikana kama wasanii wa uchoraji waliotoa mchango mkubwa katika sanaa ya kisasa ya Uturuki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rulers.org/rult.html#turkey|title=Countries T|publisher=Rulers.org|access-date=2013-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ŞAKİR PAŞA AİLESİ {{!}} Yeryüzünde Beyaz İzler|url=https://www.yeryuzundebeyazizler.com/sanatsal-sakir-pasa-ailesi-223|access-date=2025-06-10|website=www.yeryuzundebeyazizler.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bozcalı|first=S.|date=2024-05-27|title=CEVAD PAŞA (Ahmed)|url=https://istanbulansiklopedisi.org/handle/rek/7935|access-date=2025-06-10|website=istanbulansiklopedisi.org}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1851]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 1900]] [[Jamii: Historia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Afrika]] 8c4dcys1b8wnm5tzd2dk2f2uozovk4g 0 223899 1581982 1492352 2026-07-26T18:39:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Verner Lička''' (aliyezaliwa [[15 Septemba]] [[1954]]) ni kocha wa soka mtaalamu kutoka Ucheki na mchezaji wa zamani. Alicheza kwa timu ya taifa ya Chekoslovakia, ambapo alicheza michezo 9 na kufunga bao 1.<ref>[http://zebrra.tv/sport/2017/04/12/verner-licka-radomiak-na-pewno-wywalczy-awans/ Verner Lička: Radomiak na pewno wywalczy awans!] {{Wayback|url=http://zebrra.tv/sport/2017/04/12/verner-licka-radomiak-na-pewno-wywalczy-awans/ |date=20170517100202 }}‚ zebrra.tv, 12 April 2017</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ucheki]] l4pofyi4rwxb11bhbwco6b4611dgv2o 0 225498 1581958 1496022 2026-07-26T14:22:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thulisile Dladla''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Eswatini]] ambaye kwa sasa ni Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Ufalme wa Eswatini.<ref>[https://www.gov.sz/index.php/ministries-departments/the-deputy-prime-minister-s-office.html DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE]. Eswatini Government website, 4 December 2023</ref> She was the first woman appointed as the country's Minister of Foreign Affairs and was previously a senator. In February 2019, she visited Taiwan and met with President [[Tsai Ing-wen]].<ref>[http://www.times.co.sz/news/120811-thuli-dladla-makes-history.html THULI DLADLA MAKES HISTORY] {{Wayback|url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/120811-thuli-dladla-makes-history.html |date=20230122112239 }}. Times of Swaziland, 3 November 2018</ref><ref>[https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5647 President Tsai meets Thulisile Dladla, Eswatini Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation]. Office of the President of the Republic of China, 26 February 2019</ref><ref>[https://en.nhandan.org.vn/politics/item/6821302-congratulations-to-eswatini%E2%80%99s-new-prime-minister.html Congratulations to Eswatini’s new Prime Minister]. Nhan Dan, 9 November 2018</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Eswatini]] 8dg5s7yqtqovs029qft3u9g8iqphijx 3 226600 1582060 1500795 2026-07-27T09:49:58Z ~2026-41915-95 91223 /* */ Jibu 1582060 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Asante sana. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-41915-95|&#126;2026-41915-95]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-41915-95|talk]]) 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2cvgp3iy4zxflg91ico2vvu77gcer3h 1582076 1582060 2026-07-27T10:12:47Z Jaklini 88346 /* */ Jibu 1582076 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Asante sana. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-41915-95|&#126;2026-41915-95]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-41915-95|talk]]) 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) :Asante @[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Jaklini|Jaklini]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jaklini#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:12, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) g73oyz0mh0bx1w4k33ak5e44bn4r75h 0 227691 1581998 1530406 2026-07-26T22:20:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvon Chouinard''' (Alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]], [[1938]]) ni mpandaji [[miamba]], [[mwanamazingira]], na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yvon Chouinard |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/yvon-chouinard/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Alianzisha kampuni ya Patagonia, inayouza vifaa vya nje na nguo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Patagonia's History |url=https://www.patagonia.com/company-history/ |website=Patagonia |access-date=2026-04-11 |archive-date=2026-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125211233/https://www.patagonia.com/company-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa wapandaji miamba wakuu wa ''Golden Age of Yosemite Climbing'' na alishiriki katika upandaji wa kwanza wa ''North America Wall'' mwaka [[1964]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yvon Chouinard |url=https://www.sierraclub.org/people/yvon-chouinard |website=Sierra Club |access-date=2026-04-11 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo [[2022]], alitangaza kwamba anatoa umiliki wa Patagonia kwa amana ili kuhakikisha faida itumika kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gelles |first=David |title=Billionaire No More: Patagonia Founder Gives Away the Company |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/climate/patagonia-climate-philanthropy-chouinard.html |website=The New York Times |date=September 14, 2022 |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] emm2c2brlf8t269hun58ac2f3u7cice 0 231543 1581957 1531043 2026-07-26T14:11:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1581957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theresa Onuorah''' (alizaliwa [[9 Januari]] [[1942]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] na mcheza densi kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Anatambuliwa kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika kukuza mtindo wa muziki na densi wa kitamaduni wa Kibo unaojulikana kama ''Egedege''. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa kikundi cha densi cha Egedege Dance Troupe of Unubi, kilichoko Unubi katika Anambra State. Theresa Onuorah alipata umaarufu zaidi mwaka 2021 baada ya kushiriki katika wimbo ''Egedege'' wa Larry Gaaga, akiwa pamoja na Flavour na Phyno.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/308815/egedege-the-journey-of-ijele.html|title=Egedege: The Journey Of Ijele|date=June 3, 2022|author=Ifeanyi Ndukwe|work=The Nigerian Voice Entertainment}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=keetu|date=2022-11-05|title=Theresa Onuorah: Biography, Age, Family, House, Music And Net Worth 2024|url=https://schoolings.org/theresa-onuorah-biography-age-family-house-music-and-net-worth/|access-date=2024-10-07|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007160900/https://schoolings.org/theresa-onuorah-biography-age-family-house-music-and-net-worth/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Nigeria]] oqr6f07v0l9d4emtrgrhdk6uth4mloa 0 241446 1582033 1577394 2026-07-27T08:18:17Z ~2026-41526-78 91222 1582033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni|jina=888Starz|aina=Kampuni binafsi|eneo linalohudumiwa=Ulimwenguni|sekta=Uchambuzi wa data za michezo|hudma=Utafiti na ripoti za uchambuzi wa michezo|homepage=[https://888starz.bet/ 888starz]}}'''888Starz''' ni kampuni ya kimataifa ya uchambuzi wa data za michezo na michezo ya kielektroniki (cybersports) inayofanya kazi kote ulimwenguni. Kampuni hii inajikita zaidi katika utafiti na utengenezaji wa ripoti za uchambuzi wa michezo.<ref>{{Citation|last=|first=|title=Why mobile platforms are winning African users|date=2026-03-27|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/867229-why-mobile-casino-platforms-are-winning-african-users.html|work=Premium Times|language=en|issn=2360-7688|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sports Audience Acquisition and Digital Engagement Patterns in African Markets|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/10/20/888starz-sign-up-bonus-2025-registration-guide-for-kenya-africa/|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|work=ThisDay}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 2020, 888STARZ ilipanua soko lake duniani kote, hasa katika maeneo ya[[Afrika]], [[Amerika ya Kusini]], na [[Asia ya Kusini|Asia Kusini]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Mejores casas de apuesta deportivas en México|url=https://www.milenio.com/content/apuestas-deportivas-estos-son-los-mejores-sitios-de-mexico|work=Grupo Milenio|date=2023-06-10|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=es|author=}}</ref> Ripoti na data zake za uchambuzi zimekuwa zikitumiwa na kutajwa na vyombo mbalimbali vya habari vya kimataifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Matches, Players & Moments Defining Europe’s 2025–26 Football Season|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/10/25/the-matches-players-moments-defining-europes-2025-26-football-season/|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|work=ThisDay}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Can Leicester, Ipswich and Southampton survive in Premier League?|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13233295/southampton-go-in-search-of-first-win-vs-fellow-strugglers-leicester-is-gap-in-quality-growing|work=Sky Sports|date=2025-06-03|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=}}</ref> Huduma za kampuni hiyo zinajumuisha uchambuzi wa kina wa michezo kama vile mpira wa miguu, kriketi, na michezo mingine mingi ya ushindani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket matches today {{!}} Upcoming live games to follow|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/betting/news/cricket-matches-today-live-games-bet-odds-wednesday-june-18/68e6eeeef18307dcdab076b7|work=Sporting News|date=2025-06-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=Xaviour Raymond}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fan engagement and match analytics ahead of the 2025 IPL final|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/betting/news/how-bet-ipl-2025-final-betting-websites-apps-guide-rcb-vs-pbks/dcdadcc1a42ac25bb754aa35|work=Sporting News|date=2025-06-03|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=Xaviour Raymond}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kampuni]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za intaneti]] 9koepsfb5bfyshrhtl92euojslmjqx5 0 241690 1582003 1577630 2026-07-26T22:48:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:By Kainji Lake (4894130372).jpg|thumb|Muonekano wa Ziwa Kainji nchini Nigeria]] '''Ziwa Kainji''' ni [[ziwa]] la kutengenezwa na binadamu lililopo upande wa kaskazini-kati mwa nchi ya [[Nigeria]], ambalo lilitokana na ujenzi wa Lambo la Kainji kwenye [[Mto Niger]]. Ziwa hilo liliundwa rasmi mwaka 1968 na linapatikana ndani ya majimbo ya [[Jimbo la Niger|Niger]] na [[Kebbi (jimbo)|Kebbi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Earth from Space: Kainji Lake |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Kainji_Lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ziwa Kainji, inayozunguka ziwa hilo, ndiyo hifadhi ya taifa ya zamani zaidi nchini Nigeria, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1976.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6752|title=Kainji Lake National Park|publisher=Bird Life International|accessdate=July 18, 2012}}</ref> == Bwawa la Kainji == Bwawa la Kainji lipo upande wa kaskazini wa Jimbo la Niger na linazalisha umeme unaotumiwa na miji mingi nchini Nigeria.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Flood: As River Niger overflows, fear grips plain settlers|url=https://dailytrust.com/flood-as-river-niger-overflows-fear-grips-plain-settlers/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|date=26 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/construction-kainji-dam-and-lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> Bwawa hili lilijengwa kati ya mwaka 1964 na 1968 kwa gharama ya takribani dola milioni 209, ambapo robo ya fedha hizo zilitumika kuhamishia jamii ya wenyeji waliokuwa wakiishi katika eneo hilo kabla ya kujaa maji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Earth from Space: Kainji Lake |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Kainji_Lake |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref> Likijumuishwa na bwawa lingine dogo la pembeni, bwawa hili lina urefu wa kilomita 10 na kimo cha mita 65 katikati yake. Kitaalamu, liliundwa kuwa na uwezo wa kuweka mitambo 12 ya kufua umeme (turbines) yenye uwezo wa kuzalisha megawati 960 kwa ujumla, lakini ni mitambo 8 pekee iliyosakinishwa inayozalisha megawati 760.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam|title=An inside look at Kainji Dam|accessdate=July 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014181017/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/other-sections/star-feature/14058-an-inside-look-at-kainji-dam|archive-date=October 14, 2012|url-status=dead|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> Sehemu ya nishati ya umeme inayozalishwa hapa huuzwa kwenda nchi jirani ya [[Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kainji Lake in north central Nigeria |url=https://www.earth.com/video/kainji-lake-in-north-central-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Earth.com |language=en}}</ref> Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ripoti zimeonyesha kuwa bwawa hili limekuwa likikabiliwa na changamoto za mafuriko makubwa kufuatia kufunguliwa kwa milango ya Bwawa la Lagdo nchini [[Kamerun]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Nnodim |first=Okechukwu |date=2022-09-20 |title=Flood displaces Nigerians as Cameroon opens dams |url=https://punchng.com/flood-displaces-nigerians-as-cameroon-opens-dams/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hifadhi ya Taifa == Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ziwa Kainji (ambayo makao makuu yake yapo Wawa) inapatikana umbali wa kilomita 560 kaskazini mwa jiji la [[Lagos]], karibu kabisa na mpaka wa Jamhuri ya [[Benin]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Apoola |first=Tope |date=2021-12-08 |title=Kainji National Park |url=https://litcaf.com/kainji-national-park/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=LitCaf |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720080248/https://litcaf.com/kainji-national-park/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hifadhi hii imegawanyika katika maeneo makuu mawili, ambayo ni Pori la Akiba la Borgu na Pori la Akiba la Zugurma, yaliyotenganishwa katikati na Ziwa Kainji. Hifadhi hii ina idadi kubwa ya wanyamapori wakiwemo [[nyani]], [[paa]], [[kiboko]], [[fisi]], [[swala]] aina ya kob na roan, pamoja na [[ngiri]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kainji Lake National Park, Niger - Photos & Reviews |url=https://hotels.ng/places/game-reserve/79-kainji-lake-national-park/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Hotels.ng Places}}</ref> Kwa sasa, ni eneo la Borgu tu lililopo upande wa magharibi linalotumika kwa ajili ya [[utalii]], huku eneo la Zugurma la upande wa mashariki likiwa bado halina miundombinu ya kutosha ikiwemo barabara za kuingilia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6752|title=Kainji Lake National Park|publisher=Bird Life International|accessdate=July 18, 2012}}</ref> Muundo wa ardhi wa hifadhi hii una mteremko wa taratibu kutoka magharibi kuelekea mashariki. Upande wa Borgu unapitisha maji kupitia mito ya Oli, Timo, na Doro, wakati upande wa Zugurma unapitisha maji kupitia mito ya Maingyara na Nuwa Tizururu. Uoto wa asili wa eneo hili ni mchanganyiko wa misitu na savanna ya Guinea, ingawa maeneo kadhaa yana mfaniko wa uoto wa kisaheli, huku misitu ya kando ya mito (riparian forests) ikipatikana kando ya mikondo mikubwa ya maji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria - KeyBiodiversityAreas.org |url=https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/6752 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.keybiodiversityareas.org}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/kainji-lake-national-park-iba-nigeria |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> == Hali ya hewa == Ziwa Kainji lina majira mawili makuu ya hali ya hewa ambayo ni msimu wa kiangazi na msimu wa masika unaoanza kuanzia mwezi Aprili hadi Novemba. Ndani ya mwaka mmoja wa kawaida, eneo hili hupokea kiasi cha mvua cha kati ya milimita 1100 hadi 1200, ikitawanyika kwa zaidi ya siku 195.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kainji Lake National Park |url=http://nigeriaparkservice.gov.ng/2014/08/12/kainji-lake-national-park/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Uhifadhi == Ingawa mazingira yanayozunguka hifadhi hii yana msongamano mdogo wa watu, shughuli mbalimbali za kibinadamu zimekuwa zikiathiri vibaya ikolojia ya hifadhi hiyo. Changamoto hizo ni pamoja na ukataji miti ovyo, uchomaji moto moto usiodhibitiwa, na ulishaji haramu wa mifugo, matatizo ambayo yamekithiri zaidi upande wa Zugurma. Idadi ya wanyama wakubwa wanaonyonyesha imepungua kutokana na ujangili na uwindaji haramu. Vilevile, upatikanaji wa samaki ndani ya Ziwa Kainji umeporomoka kwa kiasi kikubwa kutokana na ongezeko kubwa la wavuvi wadogo na wale wa kujikimu wanaotumia zana zisizokidhi viwango vya uvuvi endelevu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Inland fishery resources of nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/3/T1230E/T1230E07.htm |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-Nigeria}} [[Jamii:Maziwa ya Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Jimbo la Kebbi]] [[Jamii:Jimbo la Niger]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 9ffzarzl4e7u6u4cct8vexijahxref4 0 242126 1582018 1579388 2026-07-27T03:46:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Sharon Wilkins''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Anatokea Newburgh, [[Jiji la New York|New York]], na anaishi katika eneo la Upper West Side, Manhattan, ndani ya Jiji la New York. Amecheza nafasi mbalimbali katika maonyesho ya Broadway na filamu, na pia ameshiriki katika matangazo ya kibiashara. == Kazi == Sharon Wilkins alishiriki katika ziara ya kitaifa ya mchezo wa muziki Xanadu. Ameonekana katika michezo mitatu ya muziki ya Broadway. Alianza na The Life mwaka 1997, kisha akaigiza katika Seussical mwaka 2000, na baadaye All Shook Up mwaka 2005. Tangu mwaka 2005, amekuwa akijikita zaidi katika kazi za televisheni na filamu, akionekana katika vipindi kama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, 30 Rock na Rescue Me. Pia ameigiza katika filamu kama National Treasure na We Own the Night. Wilkins pia anashiriki kikamilifu katika shughuli za Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS, shirika linalosaidia mapambano dhidi ya VVU/UKIMWI kupitia jamii ya wasanii wa Broadway. {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] pqt4d4wxmpi3ig9x6x1w18hwecd1p4l 0 242175 1582020 1579503 2026-07-27T03:47:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ajani Russell''' ni mpiga ''skateboard'', [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Indigo katika filamu ya mwaka [[2018]] Skate Kitchen na katika mfululizo wa vipindi vya [[televisheni]] vya HBO vya mwaka [[2020]] vinavyoitwa Betty.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Yamato|first=Jen|date=2018-08-23|title='Skate Kitchen' or die: Meet the NYC all-women collective empowering and inspiring with their own big screen skate sesh|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-skate-kitchen-movie-20180823-story.html|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McNulty|first=Jayson|date=2018-08-27|title=Skate Kitchen|url=https://filmdaze.net/skate-kitchen/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Film Daze|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Samavai|first=Shriya|date=2018-10-02|title=Rookie » Find the Authenticity: Behind the Scenes of Skate Kitchen|url=https://www.rookiemag.com/2018/10/find-the-authenticity-behind-the-scenes-of-skate-kitchen/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=www.rookiemag.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] ce7iea8e5jocodepvqynqhvdbghe3ng 0 242176 1582024 1579515 2026-07-27T03:48:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Adare''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[3 Juni]] [[1949]] mjini [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[Northumberland]]) ni [[mwanasaikolojia]] wa watoto kutoka [[Uingereza]], na pia alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mtangazaji wa [[televisheni]] katika miaka ya [[1970]] na [[1980]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya Elizabeth katika kipindi cha televisheni cha hadithi za kisayansi cha miaka ya 1970, ''The Tomorrow People.'' Pia alionekana katika vipindi vingine vya televisheni vikiwemo ''Mind Your Language'' ("An Inspector Calls"), ''Crossroads, Within These Walls, Rising Damp, Angels, Father, Dear Father, The Expert, Enemy at the Door, Mitch, The Setbacks'' na ''Rumpole of the Bailey.''<ref>{{IMDb name|0011572}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] ck5dmmck5w72mr6ttrapcve6q5ky0gm 0 242203 1582017 1579611 2026-07-27T03:45:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dawn Silva''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa funk kutoka [[Marekani]]. Silva alianza kazi yake ya muziki kama mwimbaji wa nyuma katika kundi la Sly and the Family Stone kabla ya kujiunga na Parliament-Funkadelic mwaka [[1977]]. Alikuwa mwanachama pekee wa awali wa kundi la Brides of Funkenstein aliyedumu katika historia yote ya kundi hilo. Mwaka [[1978]], pamoja na Lynn Mabry, walitoa albamu Funk Or Walk ambayo ilipata mafanikio makubwa. Wimbo wa kwanza wa Brides of Funkenstein kupitia Atlantic Records, uitwao "Disco To Go", uliuza zaidi ya nakala 500,000 na kupata cheti cha Dhahabu. Mwaka [[1979]], akiwa pamoja na Sheila Horne na Jeanette McGruder, Brides walitoa wimbo "Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy". Mwaka [[1981]], kundi hilo lilikuwa pekee ndani ya familia ya P-Funk kupokea tuzo ya Rhythm and Blues kwa albamu hiyo. Albamu Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy pia ilitajwa na jarida la Rolling Stone mwaka [[2001]] kama mojawapo ya albamu 50 bora zaidi kuwahi kutolewa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sfbayview.com/2016/06/parliament-funkadelic-documentary-screens-at-sf-black-film-fest-this-sunday-sfbff-kicks-off-thursday-june-16/|title=Parliament Funkadelic documentary screens at SF Black Film Fest this Sunday|date=June 15, 2016|work=[[San Francisco Bay View]]|access-date=January 10, 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] cxds9378fahnbyuw42y9frp8sxxl7s0 0 242216 1582019 1579647 2026-07-27T03:46:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natasha Dawn Irons''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uingereza]] wa chama cha Labour Party. Amekuwa Mbunge wa Croydon East tangu mwaka [[2024]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Croydon East - General election results 2024|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/E14001186}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]] dlew3vpqcr2408onauix5j0bsfttwx9 2 242220 1581899 1581310 2026-07-26T12:04:54Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581899 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ninapenda fasihi!'' <P><br> *** <br> Katika prose yake Katika Miaka ya 2010 na 2020, Andrei Gusev aliendeleza mandhari ya utamaduni WA bdsm nchini Urusi.<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Wife.htm The story “The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM” («Жена писателя играет в BDSM»)] — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Mandhari ni pamoja na utawala wa kike, utumwa, spanking erotic na bdsm fiction.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 March 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm “Our Wild Sex in Malindi”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == * <br><br> 2rrlwwznl6lgcgbhmkhldgljfgov0r7 1581930 1581899 2026-07-26T12:47:15Z Amanich7 44301 Maandishi yaliyokuwepo yalichukuliwa nafasi na ' <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == * <br><br>' 1581930 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == * <br><br> rwp4lz601j8api6uzsw3v1w3ot9k6ux 1581961 1581930 2026-07-26T15:58:00Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581961 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018). *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa. *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015). <br><br> 5gcp4t3299kunc2enm50pga43nluibp 1581962 1581961 2026-07-26T16:01:24Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581962 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018). *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa. <ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015). <br><br> 69tjbksvy0123j7pecxgkbm6u0yj3bx 1581963 1581962 2026-07-26T16:05:33Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581963 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018). <ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015). <br><br> dnp6fk1ytx71gc0f3p0h0fteap2y79d 1581964 1581963 2026-07-26T16:10:49Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581964 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018). <ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> d5p83w8cpcj8m7thpvp4on12ak89vhv 1581966 1581964 2026-07-26T16:14:35Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581966 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> fu0fdxhsjwr42g2f2ckfkjoh66hwf9y 1581986 1581966 2026-07-26T19:15:06Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1581986 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> 1zc0vdj2gud73yxrm3efska6hpd8cvf 0 242429 1581915 1581149 2026-07-26T12:25:39Z Amanich7 44301 1581915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} '''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari wa Urusi. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa mwenyekiti waк bodi ya Wakfu wa Moscow Union of Literary Figures. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}.</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm |date=20211222073306 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=20201016190338 }}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022),''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Wayback|url=https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=20250812022732 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 |date=20260206150815 }}</ref> ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]]'' na ''[[:en:Mister Novelist|Mister Novelist]]''. Katika prose yake Katika Miaka ya 2010 na 2020, Andrei Gusev aliendeleza mandhari ya utamaduni WA bdsm nchini Urusi.<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Wife.htm The story “The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM” («Жена писателя играет в BDSM»)] — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Mandhari ni pamoja na utawala wa kike, utumwa, spanking erotic na bdsm fiction.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 March 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm “Our Wild Sex in Malindi”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi-Ulaya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gusev, Andrei}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Urusi]] pxchk5sv99dw7ecfbh4iit5vznvcube 1581917 1581915 2026-07-26T12:28:24Z Amanich7 44301 /* Marejeo */ 1581917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} '''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari wa Urusi. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa mwenyekiti waк bodi ya Wakfu wa Moscow Union of Literary Figures. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}.</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm |date=20211222073306 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=20201016190338 }}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022),''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Wayback|url=https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=20250812022732 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 |date=20260206150815 }}</ref> ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]]'' na ''[[:en:Mister Novelist|Mister Novelist]]''. Katika prose yake Katika Miaka ya 2010 na 2020, Andrei Gusev aliendeleza mandhari ya utamaduni WA bdsm nchini Urusi.<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Wife.htm The story “The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM” («Жена писателя играет в BDSM»)] — on the site of public fund "Union of writers of Moscow", 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Mandhari ni pamoja na utawala wa kike, utumwa, spanking erotic na bdsm fiction.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 March 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm “Our Wild Sex in Malindi”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gusev, Andrei}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Urusi]] rwnr87b1oln0gusnxuqlc5t7wnh4wir 1581996 1581917 2026-07-26T21:22:02Z Amanich7 44301 1581996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} '''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari wa Urusi. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa mwenyekiti waк bodi ya Wakfu wa Moscow Union of Literary Figures. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}.</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm |date=20211222073306 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=20201016190338 }}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022),''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Wayback|url=https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=20250812022732 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 |date=20260206150815 }}</ref> ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]]'' na ''[[:en:Mister Novelist|Mister Novelist]]''. Katika prose yake Katika Miaka ya 2010 na 2020, Andrei Gusev aliendeleza mandhari ya utamaduni WA bdsm nchini Urusi.<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Wife.htm The story “The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM” («Жена писателя играет в BDSM»)] — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Mandhari ni pamoja na utawala wa kike, utumwa, spanking erotic na bdsm fiction.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 March 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm “Our Wild Sex in Malindi”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gusev, Andrei}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Urusi]] 8dj374pxtebz576ixn8kvomfdg9ash9 0 242431 1582036 1580940 2026-07-27T08:58:02Z NANJ BHALO 90946 nimeabdilisha neno mzee na badala yake kuweka neno mtangulizi ili kuepukana na 'direct translation' 1582036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yusuf ibn al-Hasan''' (alibatizwa jina la '''Dom Jerónimo Chingulia'''; [[1607]] hivi – [[1640]] hivi) alikuwa mtawala wa [[Mombasa]] kuanzia mwaka 1614 hadi 1632. ==Mandharinyuma== [[Sultani]] mtangulizi alifariki takriban mwaka 1609 akafuatwa na mwanawe, Hasan, ambaye aliendelea kudai umiliki wa [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]], akiwapa [[Ureno|Wareno]] marobota 300 ya mchele kama ishara ya upendeleo. Mahusiano kati ya Sultani wa Mombasa na Wareno yalizidi kuzorota, hasa kati ya miaka 1611 na 1612. Nahodha mmoja Mreno aliyekuwa na tabia ya ukandamizaji alitwaa madaraka na kudai magunia zaidi ya mchele kutoka Pemba kama malipo. Wakati huohuo, migogoro ndani ya familia ya kisultani ilisababisha misukosuko mikubwa Mombasa. Ami yake Mfalme Munganaja (Mwini Nasr) aligombana na Hasan. Akaenda kwa nahodha wa [[Ngome ya Yesu]] na kumwambia kuwa Hasan alikuwa akipanga uasi na ameungana na kabila jirani la Musungoro ili kuwaondoa Wareno. Alipohojiwa, Hasan alikana madai hayo, lakini Wareno hawakumwamini. Walishambulia jumba lake na kumteua Munganaja kama mtawala wa muda maalumu. Hasan aliondoka Mombasa na kuishi [[Kilifi]], lakini akarudi baada ya kusitiswha kwa mapigano. Uhusiano kati ya Wareno na Sultani uliendelea kuzorota hadi 1614, wakati meli ya Ureno ilipofika, wakajaribu kumleta Hasan [[Goa]] kwa ajili ya kuhojiwa. Alipogundua kwamba alikuwa karibu kukamatwa, Hasan alikimbilia kwenye ngome ya mshirika wake Musongoro (kaya) huko [[Rabai/Kisurutuni|Rabai]]. Hata hivyo, watu wa makabila yaliyoko Nyika yalikubali rushwa ya vipande 2,000 vya nguo kutoka kwa Wareno, wakamsaliti na kumuua, wakaacha mwili wake kwenye kivuko cha Mtwapa kama ushahidi wa uhalifu huo. Nahodha aliamuru kichwa chake kikatwe na kupelekwa Goa. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} ==Ujana huko Goa== Huko Goa, habari za mauaji hayo zilikumbwa na huzuni. Sultan Hassan alikuwa ameitwa Goa kukiri hatia, na mauaji hayo hayakuwa matokeo yaliyokusudiwa, kaka yake Hasan akawa mtawala wa Mombasa badala yake, na mwanawe Hasan, Yusuf, mvulana wa miaka 11, alipelekwa Goa ili kulelewa kama [[Mkristo]]. Gavana mwenyewe alitenda kama baba wa mtoto huyo, na matunzo ya mtoto yalilipwa kutoka hazina ya serikali. Kesi hiyo ilipofikishwa mahakamani Ureno mnamo 1618, Sultani aliachiliwa huru kwa kosa la uhaini. Uaminifu wa mtu aliyeuawa ulitiliwa shaka kimakosa, na mwanawe alitangazwa kuwa mrithi halali wa kiti cha enzi cha Mombasa. Hata hivyo, gavana wa Ureno wa Mombasa aliepuka adhabu. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} Don Jeronimo Chingulia, jina jipya la Yusuf, alisomea katika [[Monasteri]] ya Mama Yetu wa Rehema huko Goa chini ya usimamizi wa maagizo ya Waaugustino. Alikuwa chini ya uangalizi wa gavana akafunzwa kwa ajili ya kushika ufalme. Mnamo 1627, katika sherehe maalum huko Goa, alitawazwa kuwa Mfalme wa Mombasa, [[Malindi (Kenya)|Malindi]], na Pemba, na baada ya kuapa kumtii [[Papa]], alitawazwa kuwa shujaa katika oda ya Kristo. Kisha akasafiri hadi Mombasa na kutawazwa kuwa mfalme. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} == Kutekwa kwa Mombasa na mauaji ya halaiki == Kulingana na masimulizi ya Kireno, Yusuf ibn al-Hasan alianza kutembelea [[kaburi]] la baba yake kwa siri usiku na kusali Kiislamu. Mtoa habari wa Kireno anaripotiwa kuona hili na kumwonya nahodha wa Ngome ya Yesu, lakini baadaye alimjulisha Yusuf kwamba tabia yake ilikuwa imejulikana na mamlaka ya Ureno. Inasemekana Yusuf alimshukuru mtu huyo kwa onyo hilo, akamwahidi zawadi, kisha akaamuru auawe. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} Mnamo tarehe 15 Agosti 1631, Sikukuu ya [[Maria kupalizwa mbinguni|Kupalizwa kwa Maria]], Yusuf alikusanya wafuasi wapatao 300 na kuingia ngomeni kwa kujifanya anataka kushiriki katika sherehe hizo. Nahodha, Pedro Leitão de Gamboa, alimpokea bila shaka. Kisha Yusuf akamuua nahodha, na wafuasi wake wakawashambulia Wareno katika ngome hiyo na kuteka ngome na mji. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} Kisha Yusuf na wafuasi wake wakashambulia makazi ya Wareno. Baadhi ya wakazi walikimbilia kwenye monasteri ya Waaugustino, ambapo walikaa kwa siku kadhaa kabla ya kujisalimisha baada ya silaha zao kuisha. Baadaye waliuawa. Zaidi ya wanaume, wanawake, na watoto 150 wa Ureno waliuawa katika vurugu hizo. Inasemekana kwamba watawa wanne Waaugustino na mtu mmoja wa kawaida walitoroka kwa mashua hadi [[Pate]]. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} Waathiriwa baadaye walijulikana kama [[Wafiadini wa Mombasa]]. == Safari ya Wareno kwenda Mombasa 1632 == Katikati ya Desemba 1631, kundi la meli 20 za Ureno za wanaume 1,000 walitumwa Mombasa kulipiza kisasi. Fedha zilipokuwa chache, ufadhili wa meli hizi ukawa tatizo, na safari ya kawaida ya kibiashara kwenda [[Sri Lanka]] ilifutwa mwaka huo. Meli ilifika Pate kwanza kukusanya taarifa na ikafika Mombasa. Mnamo Januari 1632, wengine kutoka [[Zanzibar]] na [[Muskat]] walijiunga nao kulipiza kisasi kwa uhalifu wa Yusuf, bila shaka wakitarajia kutuzwa. Yusuf alikuwa amejiandaa vizuri, akiwaita watu wa kabila jirani, Musungoro, na kuimarisha ngome zao. Jitihada zake za kuwashawishi [[Waturuki]] waje upande wake hazikufanikiwa, lakini Waturuki walimtumia bendera, na alitumaini kwamba uwepo wa Waturuki utatosha kuwazuia Wareno. Aliinua bendera yake juu ya ngome. Wareno walijaribu kwanza kuzuia [[kisiwa]] hicho kwa kutuma boti kupigilia misumari kwenye vivuko vya Mtwapa. Mnamo Januari 16 waliamua kuwapeleka wanajeshi Tuaca (Mbaraki kusini-magharibi mwa kisiwa hicho, ambacho wakati huo kiliitwa Nossa Senhora au Tuaca), lakini bahari nzito zilifanya kutua kushindikane. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} Jaribio lingine la kutua lilizuiwa Kilindini, na vituo zaidi vilipotea kwa mishale yenye sumu na wapiga mishale wa Musungoro. Mnamo Machi 11, vikosi vya Ureno vilitua katika eneo linaloitwa Ngome ya Uturuki, kinyume na ngome za bara. Licha ya msingi huu mpya, hakuna kilichopatikana. Kadri msimu wa mvua ulivyokuwa ukibadilika, hatimaye iliamuliwa mnamo Machi 15 kuacha kuzingira, kujiondoa, na kurudi Goa. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} == Kifo == Kisha Yusuf aliondoka Mombasa na kuwa [[haramia]]. Mnamo 1637 kuna marejeleo ya mwisho kumhusu katika kisiwa cha Amissa karibu na [[Cabo Delgado]], ambapo alishindwa kufanya uvamizi wa kushtukiza. Kisha anadhaniwa alienda Shihr Mashariki mwa [[Yemen]] kuchukua meli nyingine. Alikufa mnamo Novemba 1638 akiibiwa na kuuawa katika [[Bahari ya Shamu|Bahari Nyekundu]] na maharamia wa Kiarabu. {{Sfn|Aldrick}} {{Sfn|Hall}} ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1607]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1640]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Mombasa]] 9kn68klfad4ne655dcz6ympz2hroot0 0 242522 1582016 1581184 2026-07-27T03:44:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molly Williams''' (aliyefahamika mwaka [[1818]]) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza anayejulikana kwa kufanya kazi ya zima moto nchini [[Marekani]], na pia alikuwa mzima moto wa kwanza Mweusi anayejulikana nchini humo.<ref>{{cite news|title=IFD Black History|url=http://www.indygov.org/eGov/City/DPS/IFD/History/black_history.htm|access-date=2007-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109071727/http://www.indygov.org/eGov/City/DPS/IFD/History/black_history.htm|archive-date=2007-01-09}}</ref> Williams, ambaye alikuwa Mwafrika Mmarekani, alikuwa mtumwa wa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Jiji la New York]] aliyeitwa Benjamin Aymar. Alishirikiana na Kampuni ya Oceanus Engine No. 11 iliyokuwa [[Manhattan]] ya Chini, ambapo alijulikana kwa jina la ''Volunteer No. 11.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-women.org/firefighters/history-of-women-in-firefighting/|title=History of Women in Firefighting|website=i-women.org|access-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014060453/http://i-women.org/firefighters/history-of-women-in-firefighting/|archive-date=14 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alitambulika kwa mavazi yake ya kazi yaliyokuwa na gauni la ''calico'' na ''aproni'' yenye alama. Alijipatia sifa kubwa wakati wa dhoruba kali ya theluji ya mwaka 1818. Kutokana na mlipuko wa [[kipindupindu]] uliopunguza idadi ya wazima moto wa kiume, Williams alisaidia kuvuta mashine ya kuzima moto kupitia theluji nzito hadi eneo la tukio.<ref>{{cite news|title=History – The History of Volunteer Firefighting|url=http://www.firefightersrealstories.com/volunteer.html|access-date=2007-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018183026/http://www.firefightersrealstories.com/volunteer.html|archive-date=2006-10-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alipoulizwa kuhusu kazi yake, mara nyingi alijibu kwa kusema:<blockquote>“Mimi ni wa Ole 'Leven; mimi daima hukimbia na ile mashine ya zamani ya kuzima moto.”</blockquote> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Marekani]] mdoltbst3ak7lnuo1lh646z26miijdy 0 242523 1582027 1581185 2026-07-27T03:49:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosie Bonds Kreidler''' ([[7 Julai]] [[1944]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa zamani kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya [[1964]] katika mbio za wanawake za mita 80 kuruka viunzi. Katika mashindano hayo, alimaliza wa kwanza katika mbio za nne za raundi ya kwanza kwa muda wa sekunde 10.6, wa nne katika nusu fainali ya kwanza kwa sekunde 10.8, na wa nane katika fainali kwa sekunde 10.8 baada ya kugonga kiunzi cha pili. Miaka miwili baada ya Olimpiki, alistaafu riadha na kuanza kazi ya uuguzi. Kreidler ni dada wa Bobby Bonds na shangazi wa Barry Bonds, Ricky Bonds na Bobby Bonds Jr.<ref>{{cite news|title=Olympian sues L.A. for arrest|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122295141/olympian-sues-la-for-arrest/|access-date=5 April 2023|work=[[Press-Telegram]]|agency=[[United Press International|UPI]]|date=19 February 1974|pages=3}}</ref> Mnamo Mei [[1973]], alikamatwa kwa tuhuma za kumuua mmiliki wa baa mjini [[Wilmington]], [[Los Angeles]]. Alizuiliwa kwa siku sita bila kufunguliwa mashtaka, na baadaye alifungua kesi dhidi ya jiji akidai alishtakiwa madai ambayo hayakua sahihi. Mwaka [[2002]], gari alilokuwa akisafiria liligongwa na lori, na kusababisha avunjike shingo, mgongo na mbavu. Majeraha hayo yalimlazimu kuacha kazi yake ya uuguzi. Baada ya bima yake kusitisha kugharamia matibabu ya viungo mwaka [[2005]], aliishi kwa muda ndani ya gari lake na baadaye katika makazi ya watu wasio na makazi ya Kituo cha St. Mary's. Alieleza kuwa hakutaka kuwaomba msaada wanafamilia wake. Baadaye alijitolea kutetea kuboreshwa kwa huduma za wazee katika Kaunti ya Alameda. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Marekani]] mm3crnfo6g76p0mbt4pta269xwwp6rx 0 242524 1582025 1581186 2026-07-27T03:48:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ninia Benjamin''' ni [[mchekeshaji]] kutoka [[Uingereza]] ambaye hujitokeza mara kwa mara katika Tamasha la Edinburgh. Pia ameonekana katika vipindi vya [[televisheni]] vya 3 Non-Blondes na Twisted Tales. Alishiriki katika kipindi cha Cirque de Celebrité cha Sky One na aliondolewa katika wiki ya sita ya mashindano. Hata hivyo, aliendelea kushiriki kama mkufunzi binafsi wa Kenzie.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/theguide/Introducing-Stand-up-Ninia-Benjamin.4208203.jp|title=Introducing... Stand up Ninia Benjamin|newspaper=[[Edinburgh Evening News]]|date=20 June 2008|first1=Gary|last1=Flockhart|archive-date=15 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615112909/http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/theguide/Introducing-Stand-up-Ninia-Benjamin.4208203.jp}}</ref> Mwaka [[2007]], Benjamin alishinda mashindano ya Celebrity Scissorhands, akimshinda Aled Haydn Jones katika fainali. Pia alikuwa mshiriki wa Celebrity MasterChef mwaka [[2008]]. Alionekana katika toleo la [[Uingereza]] la Hole in the Wall tarehe [[22 Novemba]] 2008 akiwa kwenye timu ya Anton du Beke, na alirejea tena tarehe [[31 Oktoba]] [[2009]] akiwa kwenye timu ya Joe Swash. Aidha, alishiriki katika toleo maalum la Celebrity Total Wipeout, ambapo aliweka rekodi ya kuwa mshiriki mashuhuri aliyekamilisha uwanja wa mashindano kwa muda mfupi zaidi wa dakika 11:11. Benjamin pia ametoa sauti za wahusika Eagle na Mosquito katika kipindi cha watoto cha BBC Tinga Tinga Tales.<ref name="NZ_Herald_9001183">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/television/news/article.cfm?c_id=339&objectid=9001183|title=The joke's on us, really|last1=Barry|first1=Rebecca|date=2 December 2004|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=30 October 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Uingereza]] 5gitfvibpbabhcbzknduqxlk6ayqm0p 0 242525 1582009 1581187 2026-07-27T03:41:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baskerville Holmes''' ([[5 Mei]] [[1964]] – [[18 Machi]] [[1997]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji wa mpira]] wa [[kikapu]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyekuwa akitokea [[Memphis, Tennessee]]. Alichaguliwa katika Rasimu ya NBA ya mwaka [[1986]] na timu ya Milwaukee Bucks akiwa chaguo la 68 kwa jumla katika raundi ya tatu. Jina lake la kipekee alipewa na mama yake, ambaye alipata msukumo kutoka katika riwaya ya upelelezi The Hound of the Baskervilles ya mwandishi Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, yenye mhusika maarufu Sherlock Holmes. Kabla ya kucheza mpira wa kikapu kitaalamu, Holmes alikuwa bingwa wa shule za upili za jimbo la Tennessee katika mchezo wa kuruka juu (high jump).<ref>[https://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2008/apr/03/team-tragedy/ Team tragedy: '85 Tigers had talent, but troubles haunt them], ''Commercial Appeal'', April 3, 2008</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 1997]] [[Jamii: Wanamichezo wa Marekani]] 04i381ipyklgj5mkndfrwi1s6a5d8l3 0 242534 1582011 1581201 2026-07-27T03:42:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aiden Deborah A. H. Curtiss''' (alizaliwa [[14 Februari]] [[1998]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.findmypast.com/transcript?id=BMD/B/1998/3/125223968|title=Aiden Curtiss|website=Findmypast|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://models.com/models/aiden-curtiss|title=Aiden Curtiss - Model|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Curtiss alizaliwa [[London]], Uingereza, akiwa mtoto wa mwanamitindo aliyezaliwa Guinea Katoucha Niane na mbunifu wa mavazi ya wanaume Nigel Curtiss. Alihamia [[New York]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 9. Pia ni binti wa kambo wa Monica Mitro, ambaye ni makamu wa rais wa mahusiano ya umma katika kampuni ya Victoria’s Secret.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://i-d.co/article/margiela-and-miu-miu-model-aiden-curtiss-on-her-passion-for-music/|title=margiela and miu miu model aiden curtiss on her passion for music|work=i-D|date=14 April 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamitindo}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanamitindo wa Uingereza]] [[JAmii: Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] m1tlnm78f4331n6laa70ii0wiqc760h 0 242568 1582026 1581255 2026-07-27T03:48:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalie S. Murdock''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|Chama cha Democratic]] anayehudumu katika Seneti ya [[North Carolina]]. Baada ya kuapishwa, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi mwenye umri wa chini ya miaka 40 kuhudumu katika Seneti ya North Carolina.<ref>{{cite web|title=SENATOR NATALIE S. MURDOCK (DEM)|url=https://www.ncleg.gov/Members/Biography/S/422|website=ncleg.gov|access-date=January 14, 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] g681s3sc4zkncd114zfeokf9kg5gnip 0 242569 1582023 1581256 2026-07-27T03:47:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucille Campbell Green Randolph''' ([[15 Aprili]] [[1883]] – [[12 Aprili]] [[1963]])<ref name="Black Then">{{cite web|title=Lucille Campbell: Business Woman, Hair Stylist, and Wife of A. Philip Randolph|url=https://blackthen.com/lucille-campbell-business-woman-hair-stylist-and-wife-of-a-philip-randolph/|website=Black Then|access-date=February 18, 2019|date=September 19, 2018}}</ref> alikuwa mmoja wa wahitimu wa awali wa Chuo cha Urembo cha Lelia Beauty kilichoanzishwa na [[Madam C.J. Walker|Madam C. J. Walker]]. Baada ya kuhitimu, alifungua na kuendesha saluni ya urembo iliyofanikiwa jijini [[New York]]. Aliolewa na [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za kiraia A. Philip Randolph, na alichangia kifedha uchapishaji wa gazeti lake, ''The Messenger''.<ref name="Neyland">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BknnVOVV5UQC&q=Lucille+Campbell+Green+Randolph&pg=PA62|title=A. Philip Randolph|last1=Neyland|first1=James|date=1994|publisher=Holloway House Publishing|isbn=9780870677779|page=62|language=en}}</ref><ref name="BlackPast">{{cite web|title=Lucille Campbell Green Randolph (1883–1963)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/randolph-lucille-campbell-green-1883-1963/|website=BlackPast|first=Misun|last=Bishop|access-date=February 18, 2019|date=June 11, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1883]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1963]] 8uikq5i6sauonb5eiubj1c0egfguy10 0 242572 1582014 1581261 2026-07-27T03:44:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Schelby Jean-Baptiste''' ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu Scratch ya mwaka [[2015]], ambapo aliteuliwa katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kusaidia kwenye Tuzo za Sinema za Quebec za 18 mwaka [[2016]].<ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1855427/cette-maison-miryam-charles-berlinale-2022 "Le premier film de Miryam Charles, sélectionné à la Berlinale"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], January 18, 2022.</ref><ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/761510/soiree-jutra-2016-nominations "Jutra : 10 nominations pour Corbo et La passion d'Augustine"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], January 25, 2016.</ref> Pia ameonekana katika filamu mbalimbali zikiwemo ''Speak Love, There Are No False Undertakings (Il n'y a pas de faux métier)'', ''The Greatest Country in the World (Le meilleur pays du monde),'' ''This House (Cette maison),'' na ''No Ghost in the Morgue''. Katika [[televisheni]], ameshiriki katika mfululizo kama Trauma, Unité 9, The Wall, na Je voudrais qu'on m'efface.<ref>C.J. Prince, [https://thefilmstage.com/10-must-see-short-films-at-tiff-2022/ "10 Must-See Short Films at TIFF 2022"]. ''The Film Stage'', September 6, 2022.</ref><ref>Anne-Lovely Étienne, [https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2020/09/11/quatre-actrices-de-la-diversite-un-meme-combat "Quatre actrices de la diversité, un même combat"]. [[TVA Nouvelles]], September 11, 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Kanada]] 3tq1zb26s15uf8jnjzg8f3bouzg3017 0 242573 1582022 1581263 2026-07-27T03:47:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexis Hoag-Fordjour''' (alizaliwa [[1982]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Brooklyn Law School - Hoag-Fordjour Alexis|url=https://www.brooklaw.edu/Contact-Us/Hoag-Fordjour-Alexis|access-date=2025-07-20|website=www.brooklaw.edu}}</ref> ni [[Profesa]] wa [[Sheria]] wa David Dinkins '56 na mkurugenzi mwenza wa Kituo cha Haki ya Jinai katika Shule ya Sheria ya Brooklyn. Alizaliwa Kusini mwa [[California]] na ni [[Mtanzania]]-[[Mmarekani]] wa kizazi cha kwanza mwenye asili ya [[Kichagga]]. Alipata shahada ya kwanza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Yale na shahada ya sheria (Juris Doctor) kutoka Shule ya Sheria ya NYU.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brooklyn Law School - Professor Alexis Hoag-Fordjour Selected as Constitutional Accountability Center's Inaugural Scholar-in-Residence|url=https://www.brooklaw.edu/news-and-events/news/2024/02/prof-alexis-hoag-fordjour-selected-constitutional-accountability-ctr-inaugural-scholar-in-residence/|access-date=2025-01-15|website=www.brooklaw.edu}}</ref> Baada ya masomo yake, alifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya muongo mmoja kama wakili wa haki za kiraia na ulinzi wa kesi za adhabu ya kifo katika taasisi mbalimbali, zikiwemo NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. na Ofisi ya Mtetezi wa Umma wa Shirikisho. Alikuwa mtaalamu wa kwanza wa kudumu katika Mpango wa Eric H. Holder Jr. wa Haki za Kiraia na Siasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia, na pia alikuwa mhadhiri katika Shule ya Sheria ya Columbia. Pia aliwahi kuwa karani wa sheria kwa Jaji John T. Nixon wa Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Kati ya Tennessee.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Decaille|first=Nia|date=2022-07-22|title=With Lots of Eye Contact, Something Clicked|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/22/style/derek-fordjour-alexis-hoag-wedding.html|access-date=2022-11-03|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Mwaka [[2021]], Hoag-Fordjour alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa American Law Institute. Mnamo [[Februari]] [[2024]], Kituo cha Uwajibikaji wa Kikatiba (CAC) kilimtangaza kuwa msomi wake wa kwanza wa kudumu. Mnamo [[Julai]] [[2022]], alifunga ndoa na Derek Fordjour katika Arthur Ross Terrace and Garden iliyopo Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum huko [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Decaille|first=Nia|date=2022-07-22|title=With Lots of Eye Contact, Something Clicked|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/22/style/derek-fordjour-alexis-hoag-wedding.html|access-date=2022-11-03|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii: Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii: Tanzania]] [[Jamii: Marekani]] m5pgufsnt7p300xxlempfoatqrr221c 0 242575 1582015 1581266 2026-07-27T03:44:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arischa Conner''' (alizaliwa [[18 Oktoba]] [[1971]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. == Maisha ya awali == Conner alizaliwa Kingstree, [[South Carolina]], na kukulia [[Florence]], South Carolina. == Kazi == Arischa anajulikana zaidi kwa jukumu lake linalojirudia kama Leah Turner katika mfululizo wa awali wa Hulu, Dopesick.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toby|first=Mekeisha Madden|date=2021-11-10|title=Dopesick's Arischa Conner Explains How Dr. Finnix's Arrest Saved His Life|url=https://www.tvline.com/previews/dopesick-preview-episode-7-hulu-arischa-conner-leah-finnix-1234741929/|access-date=2022-10-23|website=TVLine|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia ameonekana katika vipindi vingine vya televisheni kama Swagger na ''The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey''.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|date=January 13, 2022|title='The Last Days of Ptolemy Grey': First look images for Samuel L. Jackson's Apple TV+ drama series revealed|url=https://wegotthiscovered.com/tv/the-last-days-of-ptolemy-grey-first-look-images-for-samuel-l-jacksons-apple-tv-drama-series-revealed/|access-date=January 13, 2022|website=wegotthiscovered.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|date=January 6, 2022|title=Arischa Conner Defies Ageism in Entertainment by Taking on Complex Roles|url=https://blackgirlnerds.com/arischa-conner-defies-ageism-in-entertainment-by-taking-on-complex-roles/|access-date=March 31, 2022|website=blackgirlnerds.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Marekani]] cyr7mvhj48ihdu2ghq3589ub5k9nn6g 0 242635 1581900 1581413 2026-07-26T12:14:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1581900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Mooncake 3-4, lotus seed paste.jpg|thumb|Mooncake]]'''Mooncake''' (kwa Kichina kilichorahisishwa: 月饼; Kichina cha jadi: 月餅) ni aina ya [[keki]] ya Kichina iliyooka ambayo kwa jadi huliwa wakati wa Tamasha la Mwezi wa Katikati ya Vuli (Mid-Autumn Festival – 中秋節).<ref name="npr-2019sep14">{{cite episode|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/09/14/760780802/the-revolutionary-history-of-mooncakes|title=The Revolutionary History Of Mooncakes|series=[[Morning Edition]]|network=[[NPR]]|date=September 14, 2019|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|access-date=17 October 2020|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106163923/https://www.npr.org/2019/09/14/760780802/the-revolutionary-history-of-mooncakes|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ao-2017aug11">{{cite news|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/mooncakes-china-mongols-manchu-metaphor-uprising|title=Did Mooncakes Help the Chinese Overthrow the Mongols?: On the enduring power of myth and metaphor.|magazine=[[Atlas Obscura]]|date=August 11, 2017|first=Natasha|last=Frost|archive-date=11 August 2021|access-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811201518/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/mooncakes-china-mongols-manchu-metaphor-uprising|url-status=live}}</ref> Tamasha hili linahusishwa hasa na msimu wa mavuno, huku hadithi za kale za Kichina zikiliunganisha pia na desturi ya kutazama mwezi. Mooncake huchukuliwa kuwa ni kitafunwa maalumu na cha thamani kinacholiwa wakati wa sherehe hiyo. Mooncake hutolewa kama zawadi kati ya marafiki au huandaliwa katika mikusanyiko ya familia wakati wa kusherehekea Tamasha la Mwezi wa Katikati ya Vuli. Tamasha hili linatambuliwa kwa upana kuwa ni mojawapo ya sherehe nne muhimu zaidi za jadi za Kichina. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa China]] m9j7ogpkh9a7525ry1gz9cotngzkbwm 0 242636 1581901 1581414 2026-07-26T12:14:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sachima''' ni [[kitafunwa]] kitamu kinachotoka nchini [[China]]. Hutengenezwa kwa vipande vidogo vya [[unga]] vilivyokaangwa, kisha kuunganishwa kwa [[sukari]] iliyoyeyushwa hadi kushikamana.Kitafunwa hiki kilianzia katika eneo la [[Manchuria]], na sasa huliwa katika sehemu nyingi za China. Pia hupatikana nchini [[Taiwan (kisiwa)|Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]] na [[Singapuri]].Ingawa ladha na mapambo yake hutofautiana kulingana na eneo kinapotengenezwa, mwonekano wake hubaki karibu sawa. Kinafanana kidogo na kitafunwa cha [[Marekani]] kinachoitwa ''Rice Krispies Treats.'' == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa China]] 87yh9rsm1x8pepn2ccu9021839u8yc3 0 242637 1581902 1581415 2026-07-26T12:15:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rono''' ni jina la asili ya [[Kenya]] ambalo linaweza kumaanisha watu mbalimbali wafuatao: *Alex Kipchirchir Rono (amezaliwa mwaka 1984) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya aliyebobea katika mbio za mita 800 na mshindi wa medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya [[Madola]] mwaka 2006. *Chito S. Roño (amezaliwa mwaka 1954) ni [[mkurugenzi]] wa filamu kutoka Ufilipino. *Daniel Rono (amezaliwa mwaka [[1978]]) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za marathoni. *Elly Rono (amezaliwa mwaka 1970) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Kenya wa mbio za marathoni na mshindi mara mbili wa Mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Marathoni ya [[California]]. *Georgina Rono (amezaliwa mwaka 1980) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za marathoni na mshindi wa Marathoni ya Eindhoven mwaka 2011. *Henry Rono (1952–2024) alikuwa mwanariadha wa zamani wa Kenya aliyebobea katika mbio za kuruka viunzi na maji (steeplechase), na aliwahi kushikilia rekodi ya [[dunia]]. *Janet Rono (amezaliwa mwaka [[1988]]) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za marathoni. {{maana}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Majina ya ukoo]] sm649001vu5m9bdwwsa726shhzmzwua 0 242638 1581903 1581416 2026-07-26T12:16:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pain au chocolat''' ni aina ya [[mkate]] mtamu kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Hutengenezwa kwa unga maalumu wenye tabaka nyingi za siagi (unaofanana na wa croissant), kisha huwekwa kipande kimoja au viwili vya chokoleti nyeusi katikati kabla ya kuokwa. Katika maeneo tofauti huitwa kwa majina tofauti: Pain au chocolat – jina linalotumika sehemu nyingi za Ufaransa. Chocolatine – hutumika kusini-magharibi mwa Ufaransa na katika baadhi ya maeneo yanayozungumza Kifaransa nchini Kanada. Chocolate croissant – jina linalotumika katika nchi nyingi zinazozungumza Kiingereza. Kwa kifupi, pain au chocolat ni keki au mkate wa tabaka nyingi wenye chokoleti katikati, unaofanana na croissant lakini umbo lake ni la mstatili badala ya kuwa wa mwezi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Torres|first1=Jacques|title=Croissants, Pain au Chocolat, Pain Raisin and Danish|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/croissants-pain-au-chocolat-pain-raisin-and-danish-recipe-1953285|publisher=[[Food Network]]|access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Ufaransa]] s95ail1ovbrcc3bqyo97niunxvdfv41 0 242639 1581905 1581417 2026-07-26T12:17:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bobotie, South African dish.jpg|thumb|Bobotie]] '''Bobotie''' ni [[chakula cha asili]] cha [[Afrika Kusini]] kinachotengenezwa kwa [[nyama]] ya kusaga iliyotiwa viungo mbalimbali, kisha huokwa kwenye oveni na kufunikwa juu kwa mchanganyiko wa mayai ambao huunda tabaka laini baada ya kuiva.Ni moja ya vyakula maarufu vya kitaifa vya Afrika Kusini na mara nyingi hutolewa pamoja na wali wa manjano, ndizi, au mboga mbalimbali.<ref>{{Citation|title=Bobotie|date=2026-05-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobotie&oldid=1355252201|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] khtgw8yhocxv1xpceigfi3iphhul7gm 1581906 1581905 2026-07-26T12:17:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bobotie, South African dish.jpg|thumb|Bobotie]] '''Bobotie''' ni [[chakula cha asili]] cha [[Afrika Kusini]] kinachotengenezwa kwa [[nyama]] ya kusaga iliyotiwa viungo mbalimbali, kisha huokwa kwenye oveni na kufunikwa juu kwa mchanganyiko wa mayai ambao huunda tabaka laini baada ya kuiva.Ni moja ya vyakula maarufu vya kitaifa vya Afrika Kusini na mara nyingi hutolewa pamoja na wali wa manjano, ndizi, au mboga mbalimbali.<ref>{{Citation|title=Bobotie|date=2026-05-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobotie&oldid=1355252201|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] h40on2jur8tg89h6lkaazee6b09gmj6 0 242640 1581907 1581420 2026-07-26T12:19:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Hilbet.jpg|thumb|'''Hilbet''']] '''Hilbet''' (Kitigrinya: ሕልበት) ni [[chakula]] cha jadi kinachotokana na jamii ya Watigrinya wa Watigray, wanaopatikana [[kusini]] mwa [[Eritrea]] na kaskazini mwa [[Ethiopia]]. Ni chakula cha [[mboga]] pekee, kinachotengenezwa kwa [[maharagwe]] mapana, mbegu za fenugreek, dengu, na viungo vingine vinavyosagwa kuwa unga.<ref>Traditional processing technology of faba bean into hilbet:</ref> Baada ya hapo, [[unga]] wa Hilbet hupikwa na kuchapwa hadi upate umbo laini na zito linalofanana na krimu. Katikati ya Hilbet huwekwa mchuzi wa [[pilipili]] unaotengenezwa kwa pilipili [[nyekundu]], kisha huliwa pamoja na mkate wa jadi wa Ethiopia na Eritrea. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] bxb70vbny72z7l03t2wnsg2yfzpr9x3 0 242641 1581908 1581493 2026-07-26T12:19:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581908 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Mutura.jpg|thumb]] '''Mutura''' ni [[soseji]] ya asili ya [[Kenya]] inayotengenezwa kwa kujaza [[utumbo]] wa [[mnyama]] kwa mchanganyiko wa nyama ya [[ng'ombe]] au [[mbuzi]], [[damu]] iliyochemshwa, na [[viungo]] kama [[Kitunguu|vitunguu]], [[chumvi]] na [[pilipili]]. Baada ya kutayarishwa, huchomwa au huokwa. Mutura ni [[chakula]] maarufu cha mitaani nchini Kenya na pia huandaliwa katika [[sherehe]]. Baadhi ya aina zake hutengenezwa bila kutumia damu.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2011 |title=Delicacy |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350922617 |journal=Delicacy |doi=10.5040/9781350922617}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Feiner|first=Gerhard|title=Typical cooked sausage products from around the world|date=2006|url=https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845691721.2.287|work=Meat Products Handbook|pages=287–296|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-84569-050-2|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni-KE}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Kenya]] nj9kf52oxd4a3euwh4suse2qg3sgcf0 0 242642 1581909 1581423 2026-07-26T12:21:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiros''' ni jina lenye [[asili]] ya [[lugha]] ya Kige'ez ambalo linaweza kuwataja [[watu]] wafuatao; ● Kiros Alemayehu (1948 - 1994): Mwimbaji wa Ethiopia aliyekuwa akiimba kwa lugha ya Kitigrigna.<ref><nowiki>https://grokipedia.com/page/kiros_alemayehu</nowiki></ref> ● Kiros Soares Ferraz; (amezaliwa mwaka 1988) Mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Brazil, anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la Kiros<ref><nowiki>https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Kiros_Stanlley_Soares_Ferraz</nowiki></ref> ● Aheza Kiros (amezaliwa mwaka 1985) Mwanariadha wa mbio za masafa marefu kutoka Ethiopia ● Melat Kiros (amezaliwa mwaka 1997) Mwanasheria na Mwanasiasa mwenye asili ya Ethiopia na Marekani<ref><nowiki>https://amelica.org/e33523b1E0F8T1R4cTsEFQ0</nowiki></ref> == Marejeo == {{Maana}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] k847bwvdk1i0uiayjr2i7he3uv68ziq 1581910 1581909 2026-07-26T12:21:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiros''' ni jina lenye [[asili]] ya [[lugha]] ya Kige'ez ambalo linaweza kuwataja [[watu]] wafuatao; ● Kiros Alemayehu (1948 - 1994): Mwimbaji wa Ethiopia aliyekuwa akiimba kwa lugha ya Kitigrigna.<ref><nowiki>https://grokipedia.com/page/kiros_alemayehu</nowiki></ref> ● Kiros Soares Ferraz; (amezaliwa mwaka 1988) Mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Brazil, anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la Kiros<ref><nowiki>https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Kiros_Stanlley_Soares_Ferraz</nowiki></ref> ● Aheza Kiros (amezaliwa mwaka 1985) Mwanariadha wa mbio za masafa marefu kutoka Ethiopia ● Melat Kiros (amezaliwa mwaka 1997) Mwanasheria na Mwanasiasa mwenye asili ya Ethiopia na Marekani<ref><nowiki>https://amelica.org/e33523b1E0F8T1R4cTsEFQ0</nowiki></ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] {{Maana}} p2lj0asf3e0l6aon1m2wkf16f9q6zz6 0 242643 1581911 1581433 2026-07-26T12:22:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Saffron rice]] hadi [[Wali wa zafarani]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wali wa zafarani''' ni chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa kutumia zafarani (saffron), mchele mweupe, na mara nyingi huongezewa mchuzi wa [[mboga]] <ref><nowiki>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=ptZgNoobsyUC&pg=PA234&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</nowiki></ref>uliokolezwa . [[Wali]] wa zafarani hupatikana katika [[mapishi]] ya nchi nyingi duniani, ingawa hutayarishwa kwa namna tofauti kulingana na utamaduni wa kila eneo. Njia ya kuupika inafanana na ile ya wali wa kawaida, isipokuwa huongezwa zafarani na viungo vingine ili kuupa ladha, harufu nzuri na rangi ya manjano ya [[dhahabu]]."<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine</nowiki></ref> == marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] jskhlzgdqetfqsaywmsyd6aklravv9l 1581913 1581911 2026-07-26T12:23:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wali wa zafarani''' ni chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa kutumia zafarani, mchele mweupe, na mara nyingi huongezewa mchuzi wa [[mboga]] <ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=ptZgNoobsyUC&pg=PA234&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>uliokolezwa. [[Wali]] wa zafarani hupatikana katika [[mapishi]] ya nchi nyingi duniani, ingawa hutayarishwa kwa namna tofauti kulingana na utamaduni wa kila eneo. Njia ya kuupika inafanana na ile ya wali wa kawaida, isipokuwa huongezwa zafarani na viungo vingine ili kuupa ladha, harufu nzuri na rangi ya manjano ya [[dhahabu]]." == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] 9hvst3acwu11m16rarnb4j3ju0n6p1m 0 242644 1581914 1581425 2026-07-26T12:25:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chumvi ya mwanzi wa mtoni''', ni aina ya [[chumvi]] inayozalishwa nchini [[Kenya]] kwa kutumia mianzi maalumu ya mtoni inayojulikana kama muchua, ambayo hukua kandokando ya Mto [[Nzoia]]. Inaaminika kuwa utamaduni wa kutengeneza chumvi hii ulianza katika karne ya 17 wakati jamii ya [[Wabukusu]] ilipohamia kutoka eneo la [[Kongo (mto)|Mto Kongo]]. Kijadi, chumvi hii huzalishwa pekee katika kijiji cha Nabuyole, kilichopo katika Jimbo la Webuye, Kaunti ya [[Bungoma]]. Mchakato wa uzalishaji wake unahusisha kukusanya na kukausha mianzi ya muchua, kisha kuichoma hadi kuwa majivu. Majivu hayo huwekwa kwenye chombo chenye sehemu ya kupitisha maji, ambapo maji humwagwa taratibu juu yake ili kuyeyusha chumvi iliyomo kwenye majivu. Maji hayo yenye chumvi huchujwa na baadaye huchemshwa hadi kubaki vipande vidogo vya chumvi, ambavyo hatimaye hufungashwa kwa kutumia majani ya migomba kwa kufuata utamaduni wa eneo hilo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni-KE}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Kenya]] rfp2uauzvobyq21h56iiktp4iepx7mt 0 242645 1581916 1581691 2026-07-26T12:27:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Processed seafood clipped.jpg|thumb|fish balls]] '''Fish balls''' ni duara linalotengenezwa kwa [[samaki]] waliosagwa au kusindikwa kuwa uji, kisha huchemshwa au hukaangwa kwenye [[mafuta]] mengi. Muundo wake unafanana na [[keki]] ya samaki. Mara nyingi fish balls hutengenezwa kwa nyama ya samaki iliyosagwa au surimi (nyama ya samaki iliyosindikwa), huongezewa chumvi na [[Kiungo (chakula)|kiungo]] cha kufungamanisha mchanganyiko, kama vile unga wa [[muhogo]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZIUCT2GdLwC&dq=difference+between+fish+ball+and+fish+cake&pg=PA194|title=Commodity Classification Under the Harmonized System|date=1990|publisher=Department of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akYLOTMdCSEC&dq=difference+between+fish+ball+and+fish+cake&pg=PA166|title=IFIS Dictionary of Food Science and Technology|last=Service|first=International Food Information|date=2009-05-18|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-8740-4|language=en}}</ref>. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] 80bk6j51s0k17c7pp5w2q0itm1kkuva 1581918 1581916 2026-07-26T12:31:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Kababu za samaki]] 1581918 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[kababu za samaki]] 2negdfxfazrmspps2mkhdi4mndjzgcn 0 242646 1581920 1581688 2026-07-26T12:34:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Faluda.JPG|thumb|Falooda ya Asia kusini]] '''Falooda''' au '''faluda''' ni peremende ya baridi ya Kimughal inayotengenezwa kwa vermiseli (tambi nyembamba).<ref>{{Citation|title=Cooke, Col Sir David (William Perceval), (28 April 1935–13 May 2017), freelance consultant/researcher|date=2007-12-01|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.11741|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Ina asili katika chakula cha [[Kiajemi]] cha faloodeh, ambacho lahaja zake zinapatikana kote [[Asia ya Magharibi|Asia Magharibi]],<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Oxford companion to sugar and sweets|last=Goldstein|first=Darra|date=2015|publisher=Oxford university press|isbn=978-0-19-931339-6|location=Oxford}}</ref> ya Kati, [[Kusini]], na Kusini[[Mashariki|-Mashariki]]. Kijadi, huandaliwa kwa kuchanganya sharubati ya waridi, vermiseli, na mbegu za [[basil]] tamu na maziwa, mara nyingi hutolewa pamoja na kulfi (Aiskrimu ya Kiasia).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2015 |title=Samson Occom, journal, 1784 May 8 to 1785 April 26 |url=https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.1282 |doi=10.1349/ddlp.1282}}</ref> Vermiseli inayotumika kuandaa falooda hutengenezwa kwa [[ngano]], unga wa mishumaa (arrowroot),<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Camp |first=Gregory |date=2015-08 |title=Spotify. https://www.spotify.com/. Retrieved 21 January 2015 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752196315000280 |journal=Journal of the Society for American Music |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=375–378 |doi=10.1017/s1752196315000280 |issn=1752-1963}}</ref> [[wanga]] wa [[mahindi]], au sago. == Historia == Asili ya falooda inarudi nchini [[Irani|Iran]] (Uajemi), ambapo chakula cha [[Asili|asil]]<nowiki/>i kinachofanana na hicho cha faloodeh bado ni maarufu. Chakula hiki kilifika India ya mwisho wa enzi za kati kupitia nasaba nyingi za [[Asia]] ya Kati zilizovamia na kuweka makazi Kusini mwa Asia katika karne ya kunja kumi na sita (16) hadi karne ya kumi na nane (18).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Statement by Marzunisham Omar, Executive Director for Myanmar and Ms. May Toe Win, Advisor to the Executive Director, January 25, 2017|url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475574098.002.a006|work=doi.org|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> Muundo wa sasa wa falooda ulitengenezwa wakati wa Dola ya Mughal na ukaenea sambamba na ushindi wao. Watawala wenye asili ya Kiajemi waliofuata baada ya Wamughal waliendelea kukienzi na kukiboresha chakula hiki kwa mtindo wao wenyewe, hasa katika maeneo ya [[Hyderabad]] [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] na Carnatic nchini India ya sasa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Foster, Sir (Albert) Ridgeby, (12 June 1907–10 May 1973)|date=2007-12-01|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u154561|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Kinywaji hiki sasa ni sehemu ya vyakula vya asili vya [[Pakistani|Pakistan]]<nowiki/>i, [[Afghanistan]], [[Myanmar|Myanmar,]] [[India Juliana|India,]] Bangladesh, na Sri Lanka, na hutolewa kwenye harusi na sherehe nyinginezo. Nchini Sri Lanka, falooda mara nyingi hunywewa kama burudani maarufu ya maziwa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ionete|first=Ștefan|title=Persian Loanwords in Baghdadi Arabic|date=2019|url=https://doi.org/10.4000/books.iremam.3994|work=Studies on Arabic Dialectology and Sociolinguistics|publisher=Institut de recherches et d’études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans|isbn=979-10-365-3389-1|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] b3vtljmvpgy69drcgbaiidb1qc0jjr9 0 242647 1581921 1581428 2026-07-26T12:35:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chutney ya nazi''' ni aina ya [[mchuzi]] au kiambatanisho cha chakula kinachotumiwa sana Kusini mwa [[India]] na katika maeneo mengine ya Bara Hindi. Hutengenezwa kwa nazi iliyokunwa au nyama ya nazi, ambayo husagwa pamoja na viungo kama: Pilipili ya kijani au nyekundu, Ukwaju, Chumvi, Giligilani (coriander), Maji. Chutney ya nazi inaweza kutengenezwa kwa kutumia pilipili nyekundu au pilipili ya kijani, kulingana na ladha inayotakiwa. Kwa kawaida huliwa pamoja na vyakula kama: Dosa, Idli, Bajji, Bonda, Vada. Katika jimbo la Karnataka nchini India, chutney ya nazi pia huliwa pamoja na vyakula vya wali kama: Pulao, Puliyogare, Tomato baath (wali wa nyanya), Vangi baath (wali uliopikwa na bilinganya). Kwa kifupi, chutney ya nazi ni mchuzi wa nazi wenye viungo unaoongeza ladha kwenye vyakula mbalimbali vya Kihindi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa India]] dh3tehxkgux2xn2t5bqd3qyce67yhu7 0 242648 1581922 1581535 2026-07-26T12:36:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Teff pluim Eragrostis tef.jpg|alt=Terr|thumb|'''Terr'''Kingdom''':''' planaeClade: Embryophytes Clade: TracherphytesOrder: PoalesFamily: poaceae Subfamily: chloridoidearGenus: EragrostisSpecies: E.tef]] '''Teff''' (Kiamhari; '''Eragrostis tef''', pia inajulikana kama '''Williams lovegrass''' ni aina ya nafaka ndogo sana,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Teff|url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/teff.html|work=hort.purdue.edu|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref>pia ni aina ya kila mwaka ya lovegrass asili ya [[Eritrea]] na [[Ethiopia]], ambako ilitoka katika nyanda za juu za nchi zote mbili. Imekuwa ikilimwa kwa ajili ya mbegu zake zinazoweza kuliwa, pia huitwa teff, tangu 1000 KK na pengine hata 4000 KK. Ni moja ya zao kuu na chakula Ethiopia na [[Eritrea]]. Kama zao la kisasa, hutoa mavuno kidogo na kuathiriwa na makazi; nzi wa tef ni wadudu waharibifu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mmea}} [[Jamii:nafaka]] 6229e94kbs1knpnz83s81ncdddqwln3 1581923 1581922 2026-07-26T12:38:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Teff pluim Eragrostis tef.jpg|alt=Terr|thumb|'''Terr'''; Kingdom: planae; Clade: Embryophytes; Clade: Tracherphytes; Order: Poales; Family: poaceae; Subfamily: chloridoidear; Genus: Eragrostis; Species: E. tef]] '''Teff''' (kwa [[Kiamhari]]; '''Eragrostis tef''', pia inajulikana kama '''Williams lovegrass''' ni aina ya [[nafaka]] ndogo sana,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Teff|url=https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/teff.html|work=hort.purdue.edu|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref>pia ni aina ya kila mwaka ya lovegrass asili ya [[Eritrea]] na [[Ethiopia]], ambako ilitoka katika nyanda za juu za nchi zote mbili. Imekuwa ikilimwa kwa ajili ya mbegu zake zinazoweza kuliwa, pia huitwa teff, tangu 1000 KK na pengine hata 4000 KK. Ni moja ya zao kuu na chakula Ethiopia na [[Eritrea]]. Kama zao la kisasa, hutoa mavuno kidogo na kuathiriwa na makazi; nzi wa tef ni wadudu waharibifu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mmea}} [[Jamii:nafaka]] 5ftntcdysbpi8eh8bmuvm6g5gl0rjxj 0 242649 1581924 1581430 2026-07-26T12:40:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Coleus maculosus subsp. edulis''' (inayojulikana pia kama ''Plectranthus edulis''), au viazi vya Ethiopia (vinavyojulikana kama ''wolayta dinich'' au ''oromo dinich'' kwa [[Kiamhari]]), ni aina ya [[mmea]] wa kudumu katika [[familia]] ya Lamiaceae. Mmea huo, ambao asili yake ni nchini [[Ethiopia]], hulimwa kwa ajili ya viazi vyake vinavyoliwa, ambavyo hupikwa kabla ya kuliwa. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mmea}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Ethiopia]] q4pdscw0sez0gvhwgo9adsbho38tcbm 0 242650 1581925 1581432 2026-07-26T12:41:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Andazi]] 1581925 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[andazi]] 9smn9wjog0pb38ya1abh1clka7c4wos 0 242657 1581927 1581698 2026-07-26T12:44:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|jina la kuzaliwa=Getnet Wale Bayabl|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=Alizaliwa tarehe 16 julai 2000|utaifa=Ethiopia|uraia=Raia wa Ethiopia|kazi yake=Mwanariadha|anajulikana kwa ajili ya=Mbio za mita 3000}} [[Faili:Getnet Wale at the 2020 PSD Bank Meeting in Dusseldorf.jpg|thumb|Getnet Wale]] '''Getnet Wale''' (alizaliwa 16 Julai [[2000]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]] aliyebobea katika [[mbio]] za mita 3,000 kuruka viunzi na maji (3000 m steeplechase). Alishika [[nafasi]] ya [[Nne]] kwenye [[michezo]] ya [[Olimpiki]] ya mwaka 2020 iliyofanyika [[Tokyo]], pia katika [[Mashindano]] ya [[Dunia]] ya mwaka 2019 na 20222.php?title=World_Athletics&oldid=1363328424|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Getnet Wale alishinda [[medali]] ya [[fedha]] kwenye [[Michezo]] ya [[Afrika]] ya mwaka 2019, na [[medali]] ya [[shaba]] kwenye [[Mashindano]] ya [[Riadha]] ya [[Afrika]] mwaka 2018. == Maisha ya Awali == Getnet Wale alizaliwa katika [[kijiji]] cha Sekele nchini [[Ethiopia]], akiwa mmoja wa [[watoto]] wanane katika [[familia]] yao. Alipokuwa akisoma, alikuwa akikimbia [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] 4 kwenda na kurudi [[Shule ya Upili ya Wavulana ya Starehe|shuleni]] kila siku. Akiwa na umri wa miaka [[13]], alishinda mashindano ya [[mkoa]] katika [[mbio]] za mita 1,500 na mita 3,000. [[Mafanikio]] hayo yalimvutia [[kocha]] wa [[mbio]] za kuruka viunzi na maji, Teshome Kebede, ambaye alimwalika kwenda Addis Ababa ili kuendeleza kipaji chake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Los Angeles 28 {{!}} Olympic Games {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/olympic-games/la28/news/article/getnet-wale-ethiopia-steeplechase|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] f7yb0pw60d9wnhji31cn95mr0k0j4ou 0 242658 1581929 1581441 2026-07-26T12:46:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roba''' ni jina linalotumika kwa watu, wahusika na kazi mbalimbali za [[burudani]]. Linaweza kumaanisha: * Roba ni jina la mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] uliotengenezwa nchini [[Ufini]]. * Jean Roba (1930–2006) alikuwa mchoraji maarufu wa vibonzo kutoka [[Ubelgiji]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa kuunda kibonzo maarufu kiitwacho Boule et Bill. * Roba Stanley (1908–1986) alikuwa mwimbaji wa muziki wa country kutoka [[Marekani]] na alikuwa miongoni mwa [[Wanawake wa Afrika|wanawake]] wa kwanza kurekodi [[muziki]] wa aina hiyo. * Roba pia ni jina la mhusika katika mfululizo wa katuni wa Marekani unaoitwa The Problem Solverz. * Espa Roba ni mmoja wa wahusika katika mchezo na mfululizo wa katuni wa ''Yu-Gi-Oh!'' {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] tu2yskbl43aas54rh4mipv0s321e7pi 0 242667 1581931 1581693 2026-07-26T12:48:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ful medames (arabic meal).jpg|thumb|maharagwe ya fava]] '''Maharagwe ya Fava''' ni mchuzi mzito wa [[maharagwe]] ya mapana yaliyopikwa na kuandaliwa pamoja na [[mafuta]] ya [[mzeituni]], [[bizari]] nyembamba[[Kitunguu saumu|,kitunguu saumu]], [[kitunguu maji]], juisi ya [[limau]], [[pilipili]], giligilani au [[mboga]] na viungo vingine.chakula hiki ni chakula cha kijadi ambacho hupikwa na kupakuliwa kutoka kwenye mtungi mkubwa wa chuma. Ni chakula kikuu nchini [[Misri]] na kinachukuliwa kuwa ndicho [[chakula]] cha kitaifa cha nchi hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Syrian Ful Medames (Breakfast Bean Salad)|url=https://zenandzaatar.com/ful-medames-syrian-style-arabic-bean-salad-vegan-gf/|work=Zen and Zaatar|date=2017-01-26|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en-US|author=Zena Hassoun}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/nMy3jwEACAAJ|title=The Gaza Kitchen: A Palestinian Culinary Journey|last=El-Haddad|first=Laila M.|last2=Schmitt|first2=Maggie|date=2016|publisher=Just World Books|isbn=978-1-68257-008-1|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Misri]] c6njwvmujpstyvsvetyhfshodvo1z0l 0 242674 1581932 1581701 2026-07-26T12:51:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581932 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Guizotia abyssinica 154758132.jpg|thumb|Guizotia abyssinica]] '''Guizotia abyssinica''' ni [[mmea]] wa kila [[mwaka]]. Unakua kwa kusimama moja kwa moja, una matawi mengi, na shina lake ni gumu na lenye nguvu. Mmea huu hulimwa kwa ajili ya mafuta yake ya kula na mbegu zake. Asili yake: Kilimo cha mmea huu kilianza katika mabonde ya juu ya Eritrea na [[Ethiopia]] na baadae kukaenea sehemu nyingine za Ethiopia. Majina mengine ya kawaida: Noog / Nug. Jina linalotumika Ethiopia na Eritrea: Ramtil / Ramtilla, Mbegu ya Niger / Nyger. Noug ni mmea wa mafuta unaofanana na alizeti kidogo, maua yake ni ya njano, na unalima sana Ethiopia kwa ajili ya mafuta na mbegu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=When did Niger become Nyjer?|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2011/11/30/winegar|work=MPR News|date=2011-11-30|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en|author=Karin Winegar}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Dempewolf |first=Hannes |last2=Kane |first2=Nolan C. |last3=Ostevik |first3=Katherine L. |last4=Geleta |first4=Mulatu |last5=Barker |first5=Michael S. |last6=Lai |first6=Zhao |last7=Stewart |first7=Megan L. |last8=Bekele |first8=Endashaw |last9=Engels |first9=Johannes M. M. |last10=Cronk |first10=Quentin C. B. |last11=Rieseberg |first11=Loren H. |date=2010-11-01 |title=Establishing genomic tools and resources for Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.—the development of a library of expressed sequence tags, microsatellite loci, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02859.x |journal=Molecular Ecology Resources |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=1048–1058 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02859.x |issn=1755-0998}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mmea}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Eritrea]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] h0kdptklk2oe8rnpprdj7evwz729t0w 0 242675 1581933 1581459 2026-07-26T12:51:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Coconut milk]] hadi [[Maziwa ya nazi]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Cononut milk.JPG|thumb]] "Maziwa ya [[Nazi (tunda)|nazi]] ni kiungo cha [[jadi]] kinachotumika katika vyakula vya Asia ya Kusini-[[Mashariki ya Kati|Mashariki,]] [[Afrika Mashariki 1800-1845|Afrika Mashariki.]] Pia hutumika kupikia katika Karibiani, Amerika ya Kati, sehemu za kaskazini mwa Amerika ya Kusini na Afrika Magharibi, ambako minazi ilianzishwa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160305113910/http://ochef.com/498.htm</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016422000287?via%3Dihub</nowiki></ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Tiba]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] a19hi48jp4ebj8fweaj1rxxjnam6d1x 1581935 1581933 2026-07-26T12:53:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581935 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Cononut milk.JPG|thumb]] '''Maziwa ya [[Nazi (tunda)|nazi]]''' ni kiungo cha [[jadi]] kinachotumika katika vyakula vya Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki, [[Afrika Mashariki]]. Pia hutumika kupikia katika Karibi, Amerika ya Kati, sehemu za kaskazini mwa Amerika ya Kusini na Afrika Magharibi, ambako minazi ilianzishwa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160305113910/http://ochef.com/498.htm</ref><ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016422000287?via%3Dihub</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] rieikdtdetifmbhumzenhr268lxunsc 0 242676 1581936 1581461 2026-07-26T12:54:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shitaye''' ni [[jina]] la nchini [[Ethiopia]]. [[Binadamu|Watu]] mashuhuri wenye jina hili ni pamoja na: * [[Shitaye Alemu]], [[daktari]] na mwanataaluma wa Ethiopia * Shitaye Eshete (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1990]]), mwanariadha wa mbio ndefu wa [[Bahrain]] mwenye asili ya Ethiopia * Shitaye Gemechu (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1980]]), [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] wa [[mbio]] ndefu wa Ethiopia == Marejeo == {{Maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ethiopia]] 9nofmfv8env5633bdi9asumofvcufl0 0 242677 1581937 1581462 2026-07-26T12:55:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shimelis''' ni jina la kwanza la mtu. Baadhi ya watu mashuhuri wenye jina hili ni: *Shimelis Abdisa – Mwanasiasa kutoka [[Ethiopia|Ethiopia.]] *Shimelis Adugna – Mwanasiasa na mwanadiplomasia kutoka Ethiopia. *Shimelis Bekele (amezaliwa mwaka [[1990|1990)]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Ethiopia. {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ethiopia]] evrz78p5kspdh2bbz6yluahsm8kbveb 1581955 1581937 2026-07-26T13:49:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1581955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Shimelis''' ni jina la kwanza la mtu. Baadhi ya watu mashuhuri wenye jina hili ni: *Shimelis Abdisa – Mwanasiasa kutoka [[Ethiopia|Ethiopia.]] *Shimelis Adugna – Mwanasiasa na mwanadiplomasia kutoka Ethiopia. *Shimelis Bekele (amezaliwa mwaka [[1990|1990)]] – Mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Ethiopia. {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ethiopia]] nuvh2dn4cg5b1dh24yafw87xazw44is 0 242678 1581938 1581466 2026-07-26T12:56:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Basavanagudi Kadalekai Parishe (2025) Bangalore (86).jpg|thumb|Jalebi]] '''Jalebi''' ni [[kitafunwa]] kitamu maarufu katika [[Asia ya Kusini]], [[Asia ya Magharibi]], na sehemu fulani za [[Afrika]].<ref>https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/history-of-jalebi-how-the-coiled-and-sugary-west-asian-import-became-indias-favourite-sweetmeat-1825707</ref> Aina ya kitafunwa hichi kinachopatikana Kusini mwa Asia hutengenezwa kwa kukaanga kwa [[Mafuta (chakula)|mafuta]] mengi uji wa unga wa maida uliotengenezwa kama [[siagi]].Siagi hiyo hupangiliwa kuwa umbo la [[duara]], kisha huingizwa kwenye supu ya [[sukari]].<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/journey-of-the-jalebi/articleshow/5071902.cms?referral=PM</ref> Kwa sababu jalebi huwa na sukari nyingi, kwa watu wanaodhibiti kisukari kwa kawaida inashauriwa watumimie kiasi kidogo. Vyakula na vitandamra vilivyo na sukari iliyoongezwa vinaweza kuongeza kiwango cha sukari kwenye damu, hivyo huenda vikahitaji kupunguzwa katika lishe ya kisukari. Huko Kaskazini mwa India, jalebi huliwa pamoja na mtindi na wakati mwingine watu huongeza ladha nyingine kama kewra kiini cha maua ya pandanus kulingana na mtu anavyopenda.<ref>https://harissa.com/news/article/zlabia-la-confiserie-avec-une-histoire#google_vignette</ref><ref>https://www.patrika.com/jabalpur-news/jayaka-india-ka-famous-jalebi-of-jabalpur-1-2013004</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] ir2thf6eokhaxtuh5h1iqwnhox1pp08 0 242679 1581939 1581464 2026-07-26T12:57:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha: Colophospermum mopane 50D 0486.jpg|thumb|Gonimbrasia belina]] '''Gonimbrasia belina''' ni aina ya nondo mkubwa wa familia ya ''Emperor moth'' anayepatikana asili katika maeneo yenye joto ya [[kusini mwa Afrika]]. Mabuu wake makubwa yanayoliwa na binadamu, yanayojulikana kama funza wa mopane (mopane worm), madora, amacimbi, pigeon moth au masonja, hula hasa majani ya mti wa mopane, ingawa pia yanaweza kula aina nyingine za mimea.<ref name="Silow">Silow, C.A. 1976. Edible and Other Insects of Mid-western Zambia. Studies in Ethno-entomology II. Occ. Pap. V. Inst.Allm. Jamforand. Etnogr., Uppsala, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell, pp.&nbsp;64–69. (Quoted ch.17 DeFoliart 2003)</ref> Funza wa mopane ni chanzo muhimu cha protini kwa watu wengi wanaoishi katika maeneo mbalimbali ya kusini mwa Afrika, ambapo hutumika kama chakula cha jadi na pia kama bidhaa yenye thamani ya kiuchumi. Aina hii ya nondo ilielezwa kwa mara ya kwanza kisayansi mwaka 1849 na [[mwanasayansi]] John O. Westwood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j3463f/j3463f08.htm|title=Insect and host plant species of Central Africa: scientific names|publisher=Fao.org|access-date=2011-10-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mdudu}} [[Jamii:Wadudu]] [[Jamii:chakula cha Kiafrika]] aed2js44u033dk7hoak5768c13s82ag 0 242680 1581940 1581557 2026-07-26T12:59:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Mauritian Dalpuri.jpg|thumb|yai la soya]] '''Yai la soya''' ni aina ya yai inayopatikana kwenye vyakula vya [[China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Japani]] na [[Mauritius]]. Kwa kawaida yai uchemshwa na kutolewa maganda yake kisha kupikwa katika mchanaganyiko wa mchuzi wa soya, [[sukari]], [[Maji ya matunda|maji,]] na viungo vingine kama [[pilipili]], na [[mdalasini]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Exquisite eats from the Indian Ocean|url=https://www.mercuryholidays.ie/inspire/food-drink/exquisite-eats-indian-ocean/|work=Inspire|date=2016-11-10|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en-GB|author=dansykes}}</ref> wakati mwingine [[nyama]], mboga upikwa kwa njia hiyo hiyo ya mchuzi mwekundu. yai la soya linaweza kutengenezwa na mayai ya [[Kuku Mashuhuri Tanzania|kuku]], [[bata]] na [[Kwale (ndege)|kware.]] Utayarisho huu unafanana sana na yai la chai (tea eggs). yai la soya ambavyo upikwa mara nyingi kisha kukaushwa hadi kukauka sana na hutwa "iron egg". == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa China]] li9k8fbgapjh3j1bxqazl92m8q2i2ff 0 242681 1581942 1581746 2026-07-26T13:00:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Madagaska]] 1581942 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Mapishi ya Madagaska]] b6rr8lfapvz2o3lm12dt6plosv1vgpj 0 242682 1581944 1581468 2026-07-26T13:03:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Half a cup of rice. Brown rice is the best choice.JPG|thumb|Wali wa nazi.]] '''Wali wa [[nazi]]''' ni chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa kupika [[mchele]] kwa kutumia [[maziwa]] ya nazi au nazi iliyokunwa. Ni chakula kinachopatikana katika [[nchi]] nyingi za kitropiki [[duniani]], na hupendwa kwa ladha yake tamu, harufu nzuri na umbile laini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B by Kenneth J. Carpenter - Hardcover|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/beriberi-white-rice-and-vitamin-b/hardcover|work=University of California Press|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B by Kenneth J. Carpenter - Hardcover|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/beriberi-white-rice-and-vitamin-b/hardcover|work=University of California Press|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] btisrjm35c9lx6dcfus15dsbyrjglxn 1581945 1581944 2026-07-26T13:03:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Coconut rice]] hadi [[Wali wa nazi]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Half a cup of rice. Brown rice is the best choice.JPG|thumb|Wali wa nazi.]] '''Wali wa [[nazi]]''' ni chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa kupika [[mchele]] kwa kutumia [[maziwa]] ya nazi au nazi iliyokunwa. Ni chakula kinachopatikana katika [[nchi]] nyingi za kitropiki [[duniani]], na hupendwa kwa ladha yake tamu, harufu nzuri na umbile laini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B by Kenneth J. Carpenter - Hardcover|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/beriberi-white-rice-and-vitamin-b/hardcover|work=University of California Press|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B by Kenneth J. Carpenter - Hardcover|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/beriberi-white-rice-and-vitamin-b/hardcover|work=University of California Press|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] btisrjm35c9lx6dcfus15dsbyrjglxn 1582006 1581945 2026-07-27T00:43:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1582006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Half a cup of rice. Brown rice is the best choice.JPG|thumb|Wali wa nazi.]] '''Wali wa [[nazi]]''' ni chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa kupika [[mchele]] kwa kutumia [[maziwa]] ya nazi au nazi iliyokunwa. Ni chakula kinachopatikana katika [[nchi]] nyingi za kitropiki [[duniani]], na hupendwa kwa ladha yake tamu, harufu nzuri na umbile laini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B by Kenneth J. Carpenter - Hardcover|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/beriberi-white-rice-and-vitamin-b/hardcover|work=University of California Press|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B by Kenneth J. Carpenter - Hardcover|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/books/beriberi-white-rice-and-vitamin-b/hardcover|work=University of California Press|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] opo2fhk9afuoos0p3kqh8s3f1iwp964 0 242683 1581947 1581469 2026-07-26T13:05:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rhamnus prinoides, loof, Ncagaberg, a.jpg|thumb|Gesho]] '''Rhamnus prinoides''', inayojulikana pia kama shiny-leaf buckthorn ([[mti]] wenye [[majani]] yanayong'aa), ni kichaka au mti mdogo wa Kiafrika ulio katika kundi la [[mimea]] ya Rhamnaceae. Kwa kawaida mti huu unajulikana kama gesho, na ulielezewa [[kisayansi]] kwa mara ya kwanza na mtaalamu wa mimea wa [[Ufaransa]], Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle, mnamo [[mwaka]] 1789.<ref><nowiki>https://www.toxicology.cz/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=1412</nowiki></ref> Mmea wa Rhamnus prinoides unapatikana katika [[nchi]] za [[Ethiopia]], [[Eritrea]], na [[Kenya]] hadi [[Afrika Kusini]], katika maeneo ya miinuko ya wastani na ya juu (milimani). Mimea hii huota karibu na vijito vya [[maji]] au pembezoni mwa [[Msitu|misitu]]. [[Matunda]] yake madogo yanayolika yana [[rangi]] nyekundu inayong'aa na yana umbo linalofanana na matunda ya beri.<ref><nowiki>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280776180_Gesho</nowiki></ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mmea}} [[Jamii:mimea]] 1p6j0tktq7moubou1ylirchhy4wq0l1 0 242684 1581948 1581498 2026-07-26T13:07:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nangnang''' ni aina ya [[samaki]] wa maji baridi anayepatikana katika mito na maziwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Samaki huyu pia hujulikana kwa majina ya Onang Nang au Ragogi katika baadhi ya jamii za Uganda. Nchini Uganda, samaki wa Nangnang huvuliwa kwa wingi hasa katika [[wilaya ya Pakwach]], iliyopo katika eneo la West Nile, kandokando ya [[Mto Nile]]. Baada ya kuvuliwa, samaki hawa husafishwa na kupikwa kwa njia mbalimbali za kienyeji. Mara nyingi hukaangwa kwenye mafuta ya moto na kuuzwa kama chakula tayari kuliwa. Samaki wa Nangnang hupendwa na wakazi wa eneo hilo pamoja na wasafiri wanaopita katika barabara kuu inayounganisha [[Kampala]] na [[Arua]]. Biashara ya samaki hawa ni chanzo muhimu cha kipato kwa wafanyabiashara na familia zao, na pia huchangia katika biashara ya samaki ndani ya Uganda.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Kasozi |first=Nasser |last2=Asizua |first2=Denis |last3=Iwe |first3=Gerald |last4=Namulawa |first4=Victoria Tibenda |date=November 2018 |title=Nutrient composition of fish protein powder developed from Brycinus nurse (Rüppell, 1832) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6261223/ |journal=Food Science & Nutrition |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=2440–2445 |doi=10.1002/fsn3.844 |issn=2048-7177 |pmc=6261223 |pmid=30510745}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-06|title=Nang-nang fish puts more money in the pocket|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/nang-nang-fish-puts-more-money-in-the-pocket-1837150|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2018-05-07|title=Ugandans should borrow a leaf from Dennis Aliga|url=https://observer.ug/business/ugandans-should-borrow-a-leaf-from-dennis-aliga/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=2023-05-17|title=Ajai Wildlife Reserve|url=https://www.ugandagorillatour.com/ajai-wildlife-reserve/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Uganda Gorilla Tour|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-06|title=Nang-nang fish puts more money in the pocket|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/nang-nang-fish-puts-more-money-in-the-pocket-1837150|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2018-05-07|title=Ugandans should borrow a leaf from Dennis Aliga|url=https://observer.ug/business/ugandans-should-borrow-a-leaf-from-dennis-aliga/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=2023-05-17|title=Ajai Wildlife Reserve|url=https://www.ugandagorillatour.com/ajai-wildlife-reserve/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Uganda Gorilla Tour|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maeneo anayopatikana na makazi yake == Samaki wa Nangnang hupatikana hasa katika Mto Nile na maeneo ya maji baridi ya wilaya ya [[Pakwach]] nchini Uganda. Hata hivyo, samaki huyu anaenea pia katika maeneo mengine yenye mifumo ya maji baridi barani [[Afrika]]. Makazi yake ya asili yanajumuisha Bonde la Mto Nile, [[Ziwa Albert (Afrika)|Ziwa Albert]], pamoja na mito mingine inayohusiana na maeneo hayo. Kwa kuwa Nangnang ni samaki wa maji baridi, huishi katika mito, maziwa na maeneo yenye maji yasiyo na chumvi nyingi. Mazingira haya humpatia nafasi ya kuishi, kukua na kuendelea kuzaliana. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mnyama}} [[Jamii:Samaki]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] orbl901jm11zxir0dvdn55qz2h2312q 1581949 1581948 2026-07-26T13:07:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Nangnang fish]] hadi [[Nangnang]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1581948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nangnang''' ni aina ya [[samaki]] wa maji baridi anayepatikana katika mito na maziwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Samaki huyu pia hujulikana kwa majina ya Onang Nang au Ragogi katika baadhi ya jamii za Uganda. Nchini Uganda, samaki wa Nangnang huvuliwa kwa wingi hasa katika [[wilaya ya Pakwach]], iliyopo katika eneo la West Nile, kandokando ya [[Mto Nile]]. Baada ya kuvuliwa, samaki hawa husafishwa na kupikwa kwa njia mbalimbali za kienyeji. Mara nyingi hukaangwa kwenye mafuta ya moto na kuuzwa kama chakula tayari kuliwa. Samaki wa Nangnang hupendwa na wakazi wa eneo hilo pamoja na wasafiri wanaopita katika barabara kuu inayounganisha [[Kampala]] na [[Arua]]. Biashara ya samaki hawa ni chanzo muhimu cha kipato kwa wafanyabiashara na familia zao, na pia huchangia katika biashara ya samaki ndani ya Uganda.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Kasozi |first=Nasser |last2=Asizua |first2=Denis |last3=Iwe |first3=Gerald |last4=Namulawa |first4=Victoria Tibenda |date=November 2018 |title=Nutrient composition of fish protein powder developed from Brycinus nurse (Rüppell, 1832) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6261223/ |journal=Food Science & Nutrition |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=2440–2445 |doi=10.1002/fsn3.844 |issn=2048-7177 |pmc=6261223 |pmid=30510745}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-06|title=Nang-nang fish puts more money in the pocket|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/nang-nang-fish-puts-more-money-in-the-pocket-1837150|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2018-05-07|title=Ugandans should borrow a leaf from Dennis Aliga|url=https://observer.ug/business/ugandans-should-borrow-a-leaf-from-dennis-aliga/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=2023-05-17|title=Ajai Wildlife Reserve|url=https://www.ugandagorillatour.com/ajai-wildlife-reserve/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Uganda Gorilla Tour|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-06|title=Nang-nang fish puts more money in the pocket|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/nang-nang-fish-puts-more-money-in-the-pocket-1837150|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2018-05-07|title=Ugandans should borrow a leaf from Dennis Aliga|url=https://observer.ug/business/ugandans-should-borrow-a-leaf-from-dennis-aliga/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=2023-05-17|title=Ajai Wildlife Reserve|url=https://www.ugandagorillatour.com/ajai-wildlife-reserve/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Uganda Gorilla Tour|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maeneo anayopatikana na makazi yake == Samaki wa Nangnang hupatikana hasa katika Mto Nile na maeneo ya maji baridi ya wilaya ya [[Pakwach]] nchini Uganda. Hata hivyo, samaki huyu anaenea pia katika maeneo mengine yenye mifumo ya maji baridi barani [[Afrika]]. Makazi yake ya asili yanajumuisha Bonde la Mto Nile, [[Ziwa Albert (Afrika)|Ziwa Albert]], pamoja na mito mingine inayohusiana na maeneo hayo. Kwa kuwa Nangnang ni samaki wa maji baridi, huishi katika mito, maziwa na maeneo yenye maji yasiyo na chumvi nyingi. Mazingira haya humpatia nafasi ya kuishi, kukua na kuendelea kuzaliana. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mnyama}} [[Jamii:Samaki]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] orbl901jm11zxir0dvdn55qz2h2312q 1581951 1581949 2026-07-26T13:08:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1581951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nangnang''' ni aina ya [[samaki]] wa maji baridi anayepatikana katika mito na maziwa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Samaki huyu pia hujulikana kwa majina ya Onang Nang au Ragogi katika baadhi ya jamii za Uganda. Nchini Uganda, samaki wa Nangnang huvuliwa kwa wingi hasa katika [[wilaya ya Pakwach]], iliyopo katika eneo la West Nile, kandokando ya [[Mto Nile]]. Baada ya kuvuliwa, samaki hawa husafishwa na kupikwa kwa njia mbalimbali za kienyeji. Mara nyingi hukaangwa kwenye mafuta ya moto na kuuzwa kama chakula tayari kuliwa. Samaki wa Nangnang hupendwa na wakazi wa eneo hilo pamoja na wasafiri wanaopita katika barabara kuu inayounganisha [[Kampala]] na [[Arua]]. Biashara ya samaki hawa ni chanzo muhimu cha kipato kwa wafanyabiashara na familia zao, na pia huchangia katika biashara ya samaki ndani ya Uganda.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Kasozi |first=Nasser |last2=Asizua |first2=Denis |last3=Iwe |first3=Gerald |last4=Namulawa |first4=Victoria Tibenda |date=November 2018 |title=Nutrient composition of fish protein powder developed from Brycinus nurse (Rüppell, 1832) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6261223/ |journal=Food Science & Nutrition |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=2440–2445 |doi=10.1002/fsn3.844 |issn=2048-7177 |pmc=6261223 |pmid=30510745}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-06|title=Nang-nang fish puts more money in the pocket|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/nang-nang-fish-puts-more-money-in-the-pocket-1837150|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2018-05-07|title=Ugandans should borrow a leaf from Dennis Aliga|url=https://observer.ug/business/ugandans-should-borrow-a-leaf-from-dennis-aliga/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=2023-05-17|title=Ajai Wildlife Reserve|url=https://www.ugandagorillatour.com/ajai-wildlife-reserve/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Uganda Gorilla Tour|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-06|title=Nang-nang fish puts more money in the pocket|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/nang-nang-fish-puts-more-money-in-the-pocket-1837150|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2018-05-07|title=Ugandans should borrow a leaf from Dennis Aliga|url=https://observer.ug/business/ugandans-should-borrow-a-leaf-from-dennis-aliga/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=The Observer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=2023-05-17|title=Ajai Wildlife Reserve|url=https://www.ugandagorillatour.com/ajai-wildlife-reserve/|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Uganda Gorilla Tour|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maeneo anayopatikana na makazi yake == Samaki wa Nangnang hupatikana hasa katika Mto Nile na maeneo ya maji baridi ya wilaya ya [[Pakwach]] nchini Uganda. Hata hivyo, samaki huyu anaenea pia katika maeneo mengine yenye mifumo ya maji baridi barani [[Afrika]]. Makazi yake ya asili yanajumuisha Bonde la Mto Nile, [[Ziwa Albert (Afrika)|Ziwa Albert]], pamoja na mito mingine inayohusiana na maeneo hayo. Kwa kuwa Nangnang ni samaki wa maji baridi, huishi katika mito, maziwa na maeneo yenye maji yasiyo na chumvi nyingi. Mazingira haya humpatia nafasi ya kuishi, kukua na kuendelea kuzaliana. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mnyama}} [[Jamii:Samaki]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] 82rl41my71s4a69ks70cr3bibptlnob 0 242717 1582013 1581511 2026-07-27T03:43:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''afa''' linaweza kumaanisha mambo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na: * Tafa, Eneo la Serikali za Mitaa nchini [[Nigeria]] – eneo la utawala nchini Nigeria. * Hekalu la Taffeh (Temple of Taffeh), Misri – hekalu la kale la Misri lenye umuhimu wa kihistoria. * Tafa Air – shirika la zamani la ndege la gharama nafuu (low-cost airline) kutoka Albania. * Parachaetolopha tafa – aina ya nondo (moth) wa familia ya Geometridae, anayepatikana Papua New Guinea. * Tafa pia ni kifupi cha jina Mustafa. Watu maarufu wenye jina la Tafa ni pamoja na: * Tafa Balogun (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1947) – Mkuu wa Jeshi la Polisi la Nigeria (Inspector General of the Nigerian Police). * Lisiate Tafa (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1979) – mchezaji wa raga (rugby union) kutoka Tonga. * Nexhati Tafa – mwandishi wa filamu kutoka Albania. * Askale Tafa (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1984) – mwanariadha wa kike wa [[Ethiopia]] anayeshiriki mbio za marathoni. gnzkkgd3bcypbyahzyx2s9d8pqwy2hy 0 242721 1582021 1581518 2026-07-27T03:47:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582021 wikitext text/x-wiki Puttu (hutamkwa puttu; maana yake ni "kilichogawanywa katika sehemu") ni chakula cha asili kutoka majimbo ya [[Kusini mwa Afrika|kusini]] mwa India ya Kerala na Tamil Nadu. Pia ni chakula cha asili nchini [[Sri Lanka]], hasa katika maeneo ya Jaffna, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Ampara, Negombyo na Puttalam. Ni kifungua kinywa maarufu miongoni mwa Watamil wa Sri Lanka.<ref><nowiki>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=puttu&redir_esc=y</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/hundreds-witness-puttu-tiruvizha/article7584726.ece</nowiki></ref> [[Faili:Puttu (Rice Flour steamed cake).jpg|thumb|Puttu]] Puttu hutengenezwa kwa unga wa mchele uliosagwa, ambao hupangwa kwa tabaka pamoja na nazi iliyokunwa, kisha hupikwa kwa mvuke ndani ya umbo la silinda. Wakati mwingine hujazwa ndani na viungo vya tamu au vya [[Chumvi (kemia)|chumvi]].<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20081224083718/http://www.bbc.co.uk/indianfoodmadeeasy/recipes/episode_1/puttu.shtml</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.khaleejtimes.com/editorials-columns/-puttu-ing-plan-b-in-place</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.onmanorama.com/food/features/2018/06/30/kicha-chef-kichatube-ellen-degeneres-show-ellentube-puttu.amp.html</nowiki></ref> Marejeo {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:Tiba]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} 7wkto29qyr1pc6t1cel90rlnpyehlw1 0 242874 1581912 2026-07-26T12:22:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Saffron rice]] hadi [[Wali wa zafarani]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581912 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wali wa zafarani]] 1g39268rcw8r0odvvjmw6llv3sezh37 0 242875 1581934 2026-07-26T12:51:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Coconut milk]] hadi [[Maziwa ya nazi]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581934 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maziwa ya nazi]] 959u6pov3ld1khd6vboq3odiis6afsq 0 242876 1581946 2026-07-26T13:03:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Coconut rice]] hadi [[Wali wa nazi]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581946 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wali wa nazi]] mk17wif7hrz1k6vheamt4ifsv593z5m 0 242877 1581950 2026-07-26T13:07:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Nangnang fish]] hadi [[Nangnang]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1581950 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nangnang]] 9n21xe1se4uao8s605dt8vrp8gjdha1 0 242878 1581972 2026-07-26T17:40:37Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1581972 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Allahu Akbar'''" (Kiarabu: الله أكبر, maana yake halisi ni "Mungu ni Mkuu Zaidi") ni [[wimbo]] wa kizalendo wa [[Misri]] unaounga [[mkono]] [[jeshi]]. Ulitungwa na [[mtunzi]] wa nyimbo Abdalla Shams El-Din [[mwaka]] [[1954]], huku [[maneno]] yake yakiandikwa na mshairi Mahmoud El-Sherif mwaka [[1955]]. Wimbo huu ulitumiwa kwa mara ya [[kwanza]] na Jeshi la Misri kama wimbo wa [[maandamano]] ya kijeshi wakati wa Mgogoro wa [[Mfereji]] wa Suez mwaka [[1956]]. Baadaye, kuanzia mwaka [[1969]] hadi [[2011]], wimbo huu ulitumika pia kama wimbo wa [[taifa]] wa [[Libya]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. == Historia == === Asili ya Misri === '''"Allahu Akbar"''' awali ulikuwa wimbo wa maandamano ya kijeshi wa Misri. Ulipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Misri na [[Syria]] wakati wa Mgogoro wa Mfereji wa Suez mwaka 1956. Maneno ya wimbo huo yaliandikwa na Mahmoud El-Sherif, huku muziki wake ukitungwa na Abdalla Shams El-Din. Hadi leo, wimbo huu unaendelea kuwa maarufu katika [[nchi]] nyingi za ulimwengu wa [[Kiarabu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutori|url=https://www.sutori.com/en/story/allahu-akbar-the-call-to-jihad-religious-war-and-acts-of-terrorism--ML4pEUis4joNu8zg8zt6RHBj|work=www.sutori.com|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya (1969-2011) – nationalanthems.info|url=https://nationalanthems.info/ly-11.htm|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1954]] [[Jamii:Misri]] [[Jamii:Libya]] 0bioj7hasxgxcy1cv6sdu5ya83sptpa 1581974 1581972 2026-07-26T17:53:03Z Olimasy 26935 1581974 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Allahu Akbar'''" (Kiarabu: الله أكبر, maana yake halisi ni "Mungu ni Mkuu Zaidi") ni [[wimbo]] wa kizalendo wa [[Misri]] unaounga [[mkono]] [[jeshi]]. Ulitungwa na [[mtunzi]] wa nyimbo Abdalla Shams El-Din [[mwaka]] [[1954]], huku [[maneno]] yake yakiandikwa na mshairi Mahmoud El-Sherif mwaka [[1955]]. Wimbo huu ulitumiwa kwa mara ya [[kwanza]] na Jeshi la Misri kama wimbo wa [[maandamano]] ya kijeshi wakati wa Mgogoro wa [[Mfereji]] wa Suez mwaka [[1956]]. Baadaye, kuanzia mwaka [[1969]] hadi [[2011]], wimbo huu ulitumika pia kama wimbo wa [[taifa]] wa [[Libya]] wakati wa utawala wa [[Muammar Gaddafi]]. == Historia == === Asili ya Misri === '''"Allahu Akbar"''' awali ulikuwa wimbo wa maandamano ya kijeshi wa Misri. Ulipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Misri na [[Syria]] wakati wa Mgogoro wa Mfereji wa Suez mwaka 1956. Maneno ya wimbo huo yaliandikwa na Mahmoud El-Sherif, huku muziki wake ukitungwa na Abdalla Shams El-Din. Hadi leo, wimbo huu unaendelea kuwa maarufu katika [[nchi]] nyingi za ulimwengu wa [[Kiarabu]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutori|url=https://www.sutori.com/en/story/allahu-akbar-the-call-to-jihad-religious-war-and-acts-of-terrorism--ML4pEUis4joNu8zg8zt6RHBj|work=www.sutori.com|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Libya (1969-2011) – nationalanthems.info|url=https://nationalanthems.info/ly-11.htm|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1954]] [[Jamii:Misri]] [[Jamii:Libya]] {{Mbegu-muziki}} thx62bfp9513xe5yykgmh2krphxy5ni 0 242879 1581973 2026-07-26T17:44:56Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Louise E. Williams Bishop''' (alizaliwa [[27 Juni|Juni 27]], [[1933]]) alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|chama cha Democratic]] katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania, Wilaya ya 192. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=192|title=Louise E. Williams Bishop|work=archives.house.state.pa.us|accessdate=2026-07-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Cox|first=Harold|title=House Members B|publisher...' 1581973 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise E. Williams Bishop''' (alizaliwa [[27 Juni|Juni 27]], [[1933]]) alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|chama cha Democratic]] katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania, Wilaya ya 192. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://archives.house.state.pa.us/people/member-biography?ID=192|title=Louise E. Williams Bishop|work=archives.house.state.pa.us|accessdate=2026-07-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Cox|first=Harold|title=House Members B|publisher=Wilkes University|work=[[Wilkes University Election Statistics Project]]|date=2010-02-26|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/legis/B.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa nchi kwa nchi]] cusrqi376wk5j8f029ucn8ah6p5nf88 0 242880 1581976 2026-07-26T18:02:23Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isola Jones''' (alizaliwa [[27 Desemba|Desemba 27]], [[1949]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Opera|opera wa]] mezzo-soprano kutoka [[Marekani]]. Aliimba katika Metropolitan Opera kwa misimu 16 na ametumbuiza na makampuni mengi ya opera Marekani na nje ya nchi. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]' 1581976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isola Jones''' (alizaliwa [[27 Desemba|Desemba 27]], [[1949]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Opera|opera wa]] mezzo-soprano kutoka [[Marekani]]. Aliimba katika Metropolitan Opera kwa misimu 16 na ametumbuiza na makampuni mengi ya opera Marekani na nje ya nchi. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] sl5l4la2nnu2sxf82bj7n65e4qverbm 1581977 1581976 2026-07-26T18:04:20Z Godfavor22 83108 1581977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isola Jones''' (alizaliwa [[27 Desemba|Desemba 27]], [[1949]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Opera|opera wa]] mezzo-soprano kutoka [[Marekani]]. Aliimba katika Metropolitan Opera kwa misimu 16 na ametumbuiza na makampuni mengi ya opera Marekani na nje ya nchi. <ref name="GettingtoKnow">Jaussi, Linda A. [http://www.inklessmagazine.com/?p=4690 "Getting to know….Isola Jones"], ''Inkless Magazine'', 2009, accessed October 5, 2012</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] sgrwzdmo52wz9j49dzq7zxphsavxrub 0 242881 1581978 2026-07-26T18:16:17Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Danielle R. Holley''' (alizaliwa  [[1974]] ) <ref name="The State">"20 Under 40: The Next Wave of Leaders: Danielle Holley", ''The State'' (February 20, 2012), p. F15.</ref> ni msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amekuwa rais wa 20 [[Mount Holyoke College|wa Chuo cha Mount Holyoke]] tangu [[2023]]. Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi katika nafasi hiyo == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Wanawake]]' 1581978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danielle R. Holley''' (alizaliwa  [[1974]] ) <ref name="The State">"20 Under 40: The Next Wave of Leaders: Danielle Holley", ''The State'' (February 20, 2012), p. F15.</ref> ni msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amekuwa rais wa 20 [[Mount Holyoke College|wa Chuo cha Mount Holyoke]] tangu [[2023]]. Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi katika nafasi hiyo == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Wanawake]] 8ts0h7v4ee1fbemiyes6ivpnlqrvb21 0 242882 1581983 2026-07-26T18:42:58Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Viola Davis''' (alizaliwa [[19 Machi|Machi 19]], [[1963]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], [[Muuguzi|nesi]], na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia kutoka Kaunti ya DeKalb, Georgia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.atlantamagazine.com/civilrights/viola-davis-brown-v-board-veteran-gets-into-the-dekalb-school-board-battle/|title=Viola Davis, a Brown v. Board veteran, gets into the DeKalb School Board b...' 1581983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viola Davis''' (alizaliwa [[19 Machi|Machi 19]], [[1963]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], [[Muuguzi|nesi]], na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia kutoka Kaunti ya DeKalb, Georgia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.atlantamagazine.com/civilrights/viola-davis-brown-v-board-veteran-gets-into-the-dekalb-school-board-battle/|title=Viola Davis, a Brown v. Board veteran, gets into the DeKalb School Board battle|first=Michele Cohen|author=Marill|date=March 5, 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] qqjgrje02o12smgm74g2wf8bly9olfu 0 242883 1581984 2026-07-26T18:54:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1581984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:TrebleKalimba.jpg|thumb|Lamellophone]] [[Faili:Arraymbira.jpg|thumb|Lamellophone]] '''Lamelafoni''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''lamellophone'', pia hujulikana kama ''lamellaphone'' au ''linguaphone'') ni aina ya ala ya [[muziki]] inayotoa [[sauti]] kupitia kipande chembamba kinachotikisika kinachoitwa lamela au [[ulimi]]. Lamela hiyo hufungwa kwa uthabiti upande mmoja, huku upande wa pili ukibaki huru. [[Mwanamuziki]] anapobonyeza upande huru wa lamela kwa [[kidole]] au kucha na kisha kuachia, lamela hiyo hutikisika na kutoa sauti. Ala ya aina hii inaweza kuwa na ulimi mmoja tu, kama vile [[kinubi]] cha [[Wayahudi]], au kuwa na ndimi nyingi, kama ilivyo kwa mbira. [[Neno]] linguaphone limetokana na [[mzizi]] wa neno la [[Kilatini]] , linalomaanisha "ulimi", yaani kipande kirefu na chembamba kinachofungwa upande mmoja pekee. Neno lamellophone limetokana na neno la Kilatini, linalomaanisha "bamba dogo la metali", pamoja na neno la [[Kigiriki]] (''phonē''), linalomaanisha "[[sauti]]" au "sauti ya [[binadamu]]". == Lamelafoni za Afrika == [[Idadi]] kubwa ya lamelafoni asili yake ni [[Afrika]], ambako hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali, yakiwemo mbira, kisanji, likembe, kalimba, kongoma na sanza. Ala hizi zina nafasi muhimu katika muziki wa Afrika ya [[Kusini]] [[Mashariki]] na hutumika katika shughuli za kitamaduni, [[sherehe]] na [[ibada]] mbalimbali. Lamelafoni ziliripotiwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[maandishi]] ya [[karne]] ya [[16]], ingawa hakuna shaka kwamba zilikuwepo na kutumika kwa muda mrefu zaidi kabla ya kipindi hicho. Marímbula, ala inayopatikana katika [[eneo]] la Karibiani, pia ni mwanachama wa [[familia]] hii ya lamelafoni. Marímbula inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa toleo la [[sauti]] ya chini la mbira, na wakati mwingine hutumiwa pia katika muziki wa [[hip hop]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pointers for Mbira Students|url=https://mbira.org/learn-mbira/pointers-for-mbira-students/|work=MBIRA|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Ala za muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] 2u4g9houyrszkmy7e2eaocu6ahrmmbr 1581985 1581984 2026-07-26T18:56:03Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1581985 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:TrebleKalimba.jpg|thumb|Lamellophone]] [[Faili:Arraymbira.jpg|thumb|Lamellophone]] '''Lamelafoni''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''lamellophone'', pia hujulikana kama ''lamellaphone'' au ''linguaphone'') ni aina ya ala ya [[muziki]] inayotoa [[sauti]] kupitia kipande chembamba kinachotikisika kinachoitwa lamela au [[ulimi]]. Lamela hiyo hufungwa kwa uthabiti upande mmoja, huku upande wa pili ukibaki huru. [[Mwanamuziki]] anapobonyeza upande huru wa lamela kwa [[kidole]] au kucha na kisha kuachia, lamela hiyo hutikisika na kutoa sauti. Ala ya aina hii inaweza kuwa na ulimi mmoja tu, kama vile [[kinubi]] cha [[Wayahudi]], au kuwa na ndimi nyingi, kama ilivyo kwa mbira. [[Neno]] linguaphone limetokana na [[mzizi]] wa neno la [[Kilatini]] , linalomaanisha "ulimi", yaani kipande kirefu na chembamba kinachofungwa upande mmoja pekee. Neno lamellophone limetokana na neno la Kilatini, linalomaanisha "bamba dogo la metali", pamoja na neno la [[Kigiriki]] (''phonē''), linalomaanisha "[[sauti]]" au "sauti ya [[binadamu]]". == Lamelafoni za Afrika == [[Idadi]] kubwa ya lamelafoni asili yake ni [[Afrika]], ambako hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali, yakiwemo mbira, kisanji, likembe, kalimba, kongoma na sanza. Ala hizi zina nafasi muhimu katika muziki wa Afrika ya [[Kusini]] [[Mashariki]] na hutumika katika shughuli za kitamaduni, [[sherehe]] na [[ibada]] mbalimbali. Lamelafoni ziliripotiwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[maandishi]] ya [[karne]] ya [[16]], ingawa hakuna shaka kwamba zilikuwepo na kutumika kwa muda mrefu zaidi kabla ya kipindi hicho. Marímbula, ala inayopatikana katika [[eneo]] la Karibiani, pia ni mwanachama wa [[familia]] hii ya lamelafoni. Marímbula inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa toleo la [[sauti]] ya chini la mbira, na wakati mwingine hutumiwa pia katika muziki wa [[hip hop]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pointers for Mbira Students|url=https://mbira.org/learn-mbira/pointers-for-mbira-students/|work=MBIRA|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Ala za muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] cjlyll71wt3g8yykdhg2g4ktkmepquz 1582001 1581985 2026-07-26T22:38:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:TrebleKalimba.jpg|thumb|Lamellophone]] [[Faili:Arraymbira.jpg|thumb|Lamellophone]] '''Lamelafoni''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''lamellophone'', pia hujulikana kama ''lamellaphone'' au ''linguaphone'') ni aina ya ala ya [[muziki]] inayotoa [[sauti]] kupitia kipande chembamba kinachotikisika kinachoitwa lamela au [[ulimi]]. Lamela hiyo hufungwa kwa uthabiti upande mmoja, huku upande wa pili ukibaki huru. [[Mwanamuziki]] anapobonyeza upande huru wa lamela kwa [[kidole]] au kucha na kisha kuachia, lamela hiyo hutikisika na kutoa sauti. Ala ya aina hii inaweza kuwa na ulimi mmoja tu, kama vile [[kinubi]] cha [[Wayahudi]], au kuwa na ndimi nyingi, kama ilivyo kwa mbira. [[Neno]] linguaphone limetokana na [[mzizi]] wa neno la [[Kilatini]] , linalomaanisha "ulimi", yaani kipande kirefu na chembamba kinachofungwa upande mmoja pekee. Neno lamellophone limetokana na neno la Kilatini, linalomaanisha "bamba dogo la metali", pamoja na neno la [[Kigiriki]] (''phonē''), linalomaanisha "[[sauti]]" au "sauti ya [[binadamu]]". == Lamelafoni za Afrika == [[Idadi]] kubwa ya lamelafoni asili yake ni [[Afrika]], ambako hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali, yakiwemo mbira, kisanji, likembe, kalimba, kongoma na sanza. Ala hizi zina nafasi muhimu katika muziki wa Afrika ya [[Kusini]] [[Mashariki]] na hutumika katika shughuli za kitamaduni, [[sherehe]] na [[ibada]] mbalimbali. Lamelafoni ziliripotiwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[maandishi]] ya [[karne]] ya [[16]], ingawa hakuna shaka kwamba zilikuwepo na kutumika kwa muda mrefu zaidi kabla ya kipindi hicho. Marímbula, ala inayopatikana katika [[eneo]] la Karibiani, pia ni mwanachama wa [[familia]] hii ya lamelafoni. Marímbula inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa toleo la [[sauti]] ya chini la mbira, na wakati mwingine hutumiwa pia katika muziki wa [[hip hop]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Pointers for Mbira Students|url=https://mbira.org/learn-mbira/pointers-for-mbira-students/|work=MBIRA|accessdate=2026-07-26|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Ala za muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] km3nb8wpq0pghh9fwloxon0oh0h36cn 0 242884 1581989 2026-07-26T19:38:54Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eulabelle Moore''' ([[1903]] - [[1964]]) <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzi1QjokREkC&pg=PA253|title=The Complete Kay Francis Career Record: All Film, Stage, Radio and Television Appearances|last=Kear|first=Lynn|last2=Rossman|first2=John|date=March 30, 2016|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0287-5|page=253}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa na majukumu katika utayarishaji wa Broadway na katika filamu...' 1581989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eulabelle Moore''' ([[1903]] - [[1964]]) <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzi1QjokREkC&pg=PA253|title=The Complete Kay Francis Career Record: All Film, Stage, Radio and Television Appearances|last=Kear|first=Lynn|last2=Rossman|first2=John|date=March 30, 2016|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0287-5|page=253}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa na majukumu katika utayarishaji wa Broadway na katika filamu ya ''[[The Horror of Party Beach]]'' . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1903]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1964]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] sws3elvz6risavb9gvbjj9bo4srcwzu 0 242885 1581990 2026-07-26T19:46:50Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Georgia White''' ([[9 Machi]] [[1903]] - [[1980]]) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Blues|muziki wa blues]] kutoka Marekani, aliyetoa mchango mkubwa zaidi katika miaka ya [[1930]] na [[1940]]. Mzungu, ambaye alikuwa na asili ya [[Wamarekani weusi|Mwafrika-Amerika]], alizaliwa Sandersville, Georgia mnamo [[1903]]. <ref name="bare">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Blues – A Regional Experience|last=Eagle|first=Bob|last2=LeBlanc|first2=Eric S.|publisher=Praeger Publishers|year...' 1581990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georgia White''' ([[9 Machi]] [[1903]] - [[1980]]) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Blues|muziki wa blues]] kutoka Marekani, aliyetoa mchango mkubwa zaidi katika miaka ya [[1930]] na [[1940]]. Mzungu, ambaye alikuwa na asili ya [[Wamarekani weusi|Mwafrika-Amerika]], alizaliwa Sandersville, Georgia mnamo [[1903]]. <ref name="bare">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Blues – A Regional Experience|last=Eagle|first=Bob|last2=LeBlanc|first2=Eric S.|publisher=Praeger Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-0313344237|location=Santa Barbara|pages=101}}</ref> Kufikia mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1920]] alikuwa akiimba katika vilabu huko Chicago. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1903]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1980]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 8ch78anfko1petfop68akjdd0gikx8o 0 242886 1581991 2026-07-26T19:51:56Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sammy Jackson''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa jazz na rhythm na blues kutoka [[St. Catharines]], [[Ontario]], <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/music/discover-sammy-jackson-s-honest-blend-of-jazz-r-b-and-pop-1.5866735 "Discover Sammy Jackson's honest blend of jazz, R&B and pop"]. [[CBC Music]], January 13, 2021.</ref> ambaye EP yake ya [[2020]] ''With You'' ilishinda [[Tuzo]] ya Juno kwa Albamu ya Mwaka ya Vocal Jazz katika Tuzo za Juno za 2021. <ref>Brock T...' 1581991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sammy Jackson''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa jazz na rhythm na blues kutoka [[St. Catharines]], [[Ontario]], <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/music/discover-sammy-jackson-s-honest-blend-of-jazz-r-b-and-pop-1.5866735 "Discover Sammy Jackson's honest blend of jazz, R&B and pop"]. [[CBC Music]], January 13, 2021.</ref> ambaye EP yake ya [[2020]] ''With You'' ilishinda [[Tuzo]] ya Juno kwa Albamu ya Mwaka ya Vocal Jazz katika Tuzo za Juno za 2021. <ref>Brock Thiessen, [https://exclaim.ca/music/article/early_2021_juno_awards_winners "Early 2021 Juno Awards Go to Arkells, the Weeknd, July Talk"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', June 4, 2021.</ref> Jackson, ambaye alisomea uimbaji katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Toronto, alitoa EP yake ya kwanza, ''Take Me Back'', mwaka wa [[2016]]. <ref>Bryan Levesque, [https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/10/05/local-artist-sammy-jackson-explores-modern-jazz-with-a-pop-twist-in-new-ep.html "Local artist Sammy Jackson explores modern jazz with a pop twist in new EP"]. ''[[Toronto Star]]'', October 5, 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Mbegu]] 07vcxeaymtr8dqannqnkmzds8ga90fw 0 242887 1582028 2026-07-27T07:54:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Liberia'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Music Liberia|url=https://musicliberia.com/|accessdate=2026-07-27}}</ref> hutumia midundo mingi ya [[makabila]] mbalimbali na mara nyingi huimbwa kwa kutumia mojawapo ya [[lugha]] za [[asili]] za [[nchi]] hiyo. [[Muziki]] wa [[Liberia]] unajumuisha muziki wa jadi wa Gbema, pamoja na mtindo maarufu wa kisasa unaoitwa Hipco. == Muziki wa Gbema au Muziki wa Jadi == Muziki wa Liberia hutumia kwa [[kiasi]] kikubwa uimbaji wa [[sauti]] nyingi, urudiaji wa mistari au vifungu vya [[wimbo]], na mtindo wa mwito na mwitikio, ambapo [[mwimbaji]] mmoja huimba mstari na kundi la waimbaji hujibu. Pia hujumuisha vipengele vya kawaida vya muziki wa [[Afrika]] [[Magharibi]], kama vile miluzi ya shangwe na midundo mingi inayochezwa kwa wakati mmoja, ambayo ni sifa ya muziki wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Jangwa la Sahara]]. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] t8ceo4guo418ralhepeqqw8w6xmf8ok 1582029 1582028 2026-07-27T08:06:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Liberia'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Music Liberia|url=https://musicliberia.com/|accessdate=2026-07-27}}</ref> hutumia midundo mingi ya [[makabila]] mbalimbali na mara nyingi huimbwa kwa kutumia mojawapo ya [[lugha]] za [[asili]] za [[nchi]] hiyo. [[Muziki]] wa [[Liberia]] unajumuisha muziki wa jadi wa Gbema, pamoja na mtindo maarufu wa kisasa unaoitwa Hipco. == Muziki wa Gbema au Muziki wa Jadi == Muziki wa Liberia hutumia kwa [[kiasi]] kikubwa uimbaji wa [[sauti]] nyingi, urudiaji wa mistari au vifungu vya [[wimbo]], na mtindo wa mwito na mwitikio, ambapo [[mwimbaji]] mmoja huimba mstari na kundi la waimbaji hujibu. Pia hujumuisha vipengele vya kawaida vya muziki wa [[Afrika]] [[Magharibi]], kama vile miluzi ya shangwe na midundo mingi inayochezwa kwa wakati mmoja, ambayo ni sifa ya muziki wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Jangwa la Sahara]]. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] 922gs6ah48ntrpp3eo17u4r8kgvupwj 0 242888 1582030 2026-07-27T08:10:22Z NANJ BHALO 90946 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359204228|Shanga, Pate Island]]" 1582030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shanga''' ni eneo lililoko katika [[Pate|Kisiwa cha Pate]] nje ya pwani ya mashariki ya [[Afrika]] . Eneo hilo lina ukubwa wa takriban ekati 37 . Eneo hilo la Shanga lilichimbwa kwa muda wa miaka minane ambapo wanaakiolojia walichunguza asili ya [[Waswahili]] . Ushahidi wa akiolojia katika mfumo wa sarafu, vyombo vilo finyangwa, vigae na shanga zinaashiria kwamba jamii ya Waswahili iliishi katika eneo hilo karne ya nane. Ushahidi pia unaonyesha kwamba eneo hilo lilikuwa jumuiya ya wafanyabiashara wa Kiislamu ambayo ilikuwa na mitandao barani [[Asia]] . <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}</ref> == Mahali == Shanga imo kwenye [[Pate|Kisiwa cha Pate]] ambayo ni sehemu ya [[Funguvisiwa la Lamu|Visiwa vya Lamu]] katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]] . Imo karibu na pwani ya kaskazini ya [[Kenya]] . Viwianishi: 41.04 E 2.08 S. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> == Topografia == Kisiwa cha Pate kiliundwa kutokana na [[Mwamba tumbawe|miamba ya matumbawe]] [[Kisukuku|iliyochimbwa]] . Shanga yenyewe imo upande wa kusini katika kisiwa kinachoelekea Bahari ya Hindi. Kisiwa hiki kimepakana na [[Mkoko|mikoko]] upande wa nchi kavu na miamba ya matumbawe ufuoni. Mikoko humea pembezoni mwa ufuo kwa sababu miti yenyewe huhitaji chumvi. Kwa ujumla, kisiwa hicho kina [[udongo]] duni na ardhi tambarare ambao umefunikwa na [[mchanga]] mweupe. Mchanga mara nyingi hujitengezea [[Tuta la mchanga|vifusi]] ambavyo huweza kufikia hadi {{Convert|10|m}} kwa urefu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">nukuu inahitajika</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mashamba ya minazi yaweza kupatikana kwa wingi katika maeneo yenye mchanga. Horton anabainisha kwamba udongo pekee unaofaa kwa kupanda mazao kama vile mtama, ni udongo mwekundu ulio katikati ya kisiwa hicho. Maji ya kunywa yalipatikana kwa kuchimba visima kwenye vifusi vikubwa vya mchanga. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> == Historia == Kulingana na ushahidi wa akiolojia, yajulikana kwamba Shanga ilikaliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na jamii ya [[Waswahili]] katika karne ya nane. Kulingana na Kapteni Chauncey Hugh Stigand katika toleo lake la Pate Chronicles, tarehe ya Shanga ilianza kwa ujio wa Sulaiman ibn Sulaiman ibn Muzaffar al-Nabhan mnamo 600 BK. Yasemekana kwamba Sulaiman alimuoa binti wa mfalme wa Pate, hivyo kumpa mamlaka ya kutawala sehemu ya kisiwa hicho. Shanga ulikuwa mji huru wakati wa tukio hili, kwa hivyo haikuangukia chini ya mamlaka ya Sulaiman. Hata hivyo, ni kizazi cha kifalme chaa Sulaiman ambao hatimaye walihusika katika kuiteka Shanga baadaye. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Chittick |first=Neville |author-link=Neville Chittick |date=1969 |title=A New Look at the History of Pate |journal=[[Journal of African History]] |volume=10 |issue=3}}</ref> Jamii ya Waswahili huko Shanga iliendelea kufutahii huko kwa miaka 600 hadi walipofifia mwanzoni mwa karne ya kumi na tano. Habari za mapokezi zinadai kwamba eneo hilo lilikuwa limehamwa baina ya 1400–1425. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Shanga ilibaki kuwa mahame na bila kutambuliwa hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini. Horton anataja kwamba alikuwa Kapteni Chauncey Stigand aliyeona magofu ya Shanga kwenye Kisiwa cha Pate. Hata hivyo, Stigand hakujaribu kamwe kuzichunguza zaidi. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> Utafiti wa kwanza wa akiolojia huko Shanga ulifanyika miaka ya 1950 baada ya kuwasili kwa Dkt. James Kirkman. Kulingana na Horton, watu wa Shanga bado wapo, ingawa sasa wanaishi [[Siyu]], amabo ni mji jirani wa Waswahili. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> Haijulikani sababu ya Shanga kuachwa mwanzoni mwa karne ya kumi na tano. Horton anakisia kwamba jamii hiyo labda ilihama katika eneo hilo kwa sababu za kisiasa ingawa kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kutokea kwa sababu ya kupungua kwa vyanzo vya maji. == Utafiti == Shanga ilichimbuliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na mtaalamu wa mambo ya kale Dkt. James Kirkman katika miaka ya 1950. Baadaye kidogo, Taasisi ya Uingereza katika Afrika Mashariki iliondoa ilisafisha eneo la Shanga mnamo 1965. Maeneo yaliyosafishwa ni pamoja na [[Msikiti]] ulioko magharibi na visima vilivyo karibu na Msikiti wa Ijumaa. Katika miaka ya 1970, Dkt. Richard Wilding alitembelea eneo hilo, ambapo aligundua [[sarafu]] aina tatu. Dkt. T. Wilson kutoka [[Nairobi National Museum|Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Kenya]] nae alitoa sampuli [[Ufinyanzi|za vyungu]] na kuandika ripoti kuhusu vitambara vilivyopatikana hapo Shanga mwaka wa 1978. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 1980, utafiti mwingi uliofanywa katika eneo hilo ulijikita zaidi katika kuchora ramani ya eneo hilo. Eneo hilo pia lilichimbwa na Mark Horton kati ya mwaka wa 1985 na 1988. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> <ref name="Brown, H.W. 1993">{{Rejea jarida |last=Brown |first=Helen |date=1992 |title=Early Muslim Coinage in East Africa : the Evidence from Shanga |journal=[[The Numismatic Chronicle]] |volume=152 |pages=83&ndash;87}}</ref> == Ubainifu wa tabaka na tarehe == Baina ya miaka ya 1980 na 1988, jumla ya misingi kumi ilichimbwa katika eneo hilo. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref>   <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130678|title=Review: [Untitled]}}</ref> Awamu ziliotumika katika mchakato wa uchimbaji. Ili kuunda mfumo wa mpangilio wa matukio, pamoja na kupima kina cha eneo lilochimbwa katika eneo hilo, mashimo kadhaa ya majaribio yalichimbwa na kuzunguka sehemu za kaskazini-kusini na mashariki-magharibi. Palikuwamo mashimo thelathini tatu ya majaribio kwa jumla, kila shimo likiwa na ukubwa wa takriban mita moja ya mraba. Mashimo ya majaribio yaliwapa wanaakiolojia ufahamu wa maendeleo ya Shanga na mifumo ya uvamizi. Matokeo kutoka kwa mashimo ya majaribio yalionyesha kwamba kulikuwa na mkusanyiko wa watu katikati ya eneo hilo baina ya safu mbili za vifusi vya mchanga. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Inaaminika kwamba kitovu cha makao hayo kiliamuliwa na upatikanaji wa maji. Jamii iliyoishi Shanga hapo awali iliishi katika maeneo ambayo yalionyesha maenezi mazuri ya maji. == Tarehe == Utafiti kamili wa tarehe huko Shanga ulipatikana kupitia [[Mbinu ya rediokaboni|upimaji wa radiokaboni]] na ufinyanzi ulioagizwa kutoka nje. Mbinu zote mbili za kuhesabu tarehe zaonyesha kuanzia karne ya nane hadi ya kumi na tano. Jumla ya tarehe kumi na tatu za radiokaboni zimeshughulikiwa katika eneo hilo. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Tarehe za radiocarbon zinaonyesha kwamba Shanga ilikaliwa wakati fulani kati ya karne ya nane na ya kumi na tano. Horton anasema kwamba tarehe za ufinyanzi wa Shanga zimechunguzwa kwa kina na wanaakiolojia Neville Chittick, James Kirkman na Richard Wilding. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> == Matokeo == Kulikuwa na uvumbuzi aina aina uliofanywa huko Shanga. Miongoni mwa uvumbuzi huu ni uchimbaji wa [[Mji Mkongwe|mji wa mawe]], makaburi ya saruji, mabaki ya binadamu, uchimbaji wa Misikiti ya Mashariki, Magharibi na Ijumaa, sarafu za Waislamu, vyombo vya udongo, vigae, na shanga. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> == Mji wa Mawe == === Vifaa vya ujenzi === Horton anaelezea kwamba mji wa mawe wa Shanga ulijengwa kwa kutumia aina mbili kuu za matumbawe: ''[[Porites solida]]'' na matumbawe . ''Porites solida'' inaweza kunyumbulika na inaweza kuumbwa kwa urahisi katika vitalu vya miundo ya ukuta. (26). Zoezi la kuunda matumbawe katika vitalu lilitokea takriban kati ya 900 na 1100. Tambara la matumbawe, lenye umbo mnene zaidi halina umbo rahisi kama ''Porites solida'' . Hata hivyo, licha ya kuwa vigumu zaidi kutunza, kitambaa cha matumbawe kilikuwa cha kudumu zaidi na cha bei nafuu zaidi kukipata. Mwanzoni, kitambaa cha matumbawe kilitumika tu kama kuta za mpaka, lakini hatimaye kikawa nyenzo ya kawaida ya ujenzi kuanzia mwaka wa 1100 na kuendelea. Vitalu vya matumbawe viliwekwa mahali pake kwa matope au mchanganyiko [[Chaki|wa chokaa]] ambao ungetumika kama chokaa . Nyuso za matumbawe mara nyingi zililainisha kwa plasta iliyotengenezwa kwa chokaa kile kile kilichotumika kwa chokaa. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] o0wj2wib0rhn0sef47gceucbn6refhp 1582031 1582030 2026-07-27T08:11:59Z NANJ BHALO 90946 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359204228|Shanga, Pate Island]]" 1582031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shanga''' ni eneo lililoko katika [[Pate|Kisiwa cha Pate]] nje ya pwani ya mashariki ya [[Afrika]] . Eneo hilo lina ukubwa wa takriban ekati 37 . Eneo hilo la Shanga lilichimbwa kwa muda wa miaka minane ambapo wanaakiolojia walichunguza asili ya [[Waswahili]] . Ushahidi wa akiolojia katika mfumo wa sarafu, vyombo vilo finyangwa, vigae na shanga zinaashiria kwamba jamii ya Waswahili iliishi katika eneo hilo karne ya nane. Ushahidi pia unaonyesha kwamba eneo hilo lilikuwa jumuiya ya wafanyabiashara wa Kiislamu ambayo ilikuwa na mitandao barani [[Asia]] . <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}</ref> == Mahali == Shanga imo kwenye [[Pate|Kisiwa cha Pate]] ambayo ni sehemu ya [[Funguvisiwa la Lamu|Visiwa vya Lamu]] katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]] . Imo karibu na pwani ya kaskazini ya [[Kenya]] . Viwianishi: 41.04 E 2.08 S. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> == Topografia == Kisiwa cha Pate kiliundwa kutokana na [[Mwamba tumbawe|miamba ya matumbawe]] [[Kisukuku|iliyochimbwa]] . Shanga yenyewe imo upande wa kusini katika kisiwa kinachoelekea Bahari ya Hindi. Kisiwa hiki kimepakana na [[Mkoko|mikoko]] upande wa nchi kavu na miamba ya matumbawe ufuoni. Mikoko humea pembezoni mwa ufuo kwa sababu miti yenyewe huhitaji chumvi. Kwa ujumla, kisiwa hicho kina [[udongo]] duni na ardhi tambarare ambao umefunikwa na [[mchanga]] mweupe. Mchanga mara nyingi hujitengezea [[Tuta la mchanga|vifusi]] ambavyo huweza kufikia hadi {{Convert|10|m}} kwa urefu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">nukuu inahitajika</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mashamba ya minazi yaweza kupatikana kwa wingi katika maeneo yenye mchanga. Horton anabainisha kwamba udongo pekee unaofaa kwa kupanda mazao kama vile mtama, ni udongo mwekundu ulio katikati ya kisiwa hicho. Maji ya kunywa yalipatikana kwa kuchimba visima kwenye vifusi vikubwa vya mchanga. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> == Historia == Kulingana na ushahidi wa akiolojia, yajulikana kwamba Shanga ilikaliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na jamii ya [[Waswahili]] katika karne ya nane. Kulingana na Kapteni Chauncey Hugh Stigand katika toleo lake la Pate Chronicles, tarehe ya Shanga ilianza kwa ujio wa Sulaiman ibn Sulaiman ibn Muzaffar al-Nabhan mnamo 600 BK. Yasemekana kwamba Sulaiman alimuoa binti wa mfalme wa Pate, hivyo kumpa mamlaka ya kutawala sehemu ya kisiwa hicho. Shanga ulikuwa mji huru wakati wa tukio hili, kwa hivyo haikuangukia chini ya mamlaka ya Sulaiman. Hata hivyo, ni kizazi cha kifalme chaa Sulaiman ambao hatimaye walihusika katika kuiteka Shanga baadaye. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Chittick |first=Neville |author-link=Neville Chittick |date=1969 |title=A New Look at the History of Pate |journal=[[Journal of African History]] |volume=10 |issue=3}}</ref> Jamii ya Waswahili huko Shanga iliendelea kufutahii huko kwa miaka 600 hadi walipofifia mwanzoni mwa karne ya kumi na tano. Habari za mapokezi zinadai kwamba eneo hilo lilikuwa limehamwa baina ya 1400–1425. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Shanga ilibaki kuwa mahame na bila kutambuliwa hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini. Horton anataja kwamba alikuwa Kapteni Chauncey Stigand aliyeona magofu ya Shanga kwenye Kisiwa cha Pate. Hata hivyo, Stigand hakujaribu kamwe kuzichunguza zaidi. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> Utafiti wa kwanza wa akiolojia huko Shanga ulifanyika miaka ya 1950 baada ya kuwasili kwa Dkt. James Kirkman. Kulingana na Horton, watu wa Shanga bado wapo, ingawa sasa wanaishi [[Siyu]], amabo ni mji jirani wa Waswahili. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> Haijulikani sababu ya Shanga kuachwa mwanzoni mwa karne ya kumi na tano. Horton anakisia kwamba jamii hiyo labda ilihama katika eneo hilo kwa sababu za kisiasa ingawa kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kutokea kwa sababu ya kupungua kwa vyanzo vya maji. == Utafiti == Shanga ilichimbuliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na mtaalamu wa mambo ya kale Dkt. James Kirkman katika miaka ya 1950. Baadaye kidogo, Taasisi ya Uingereza katika Afrika Mashariki iliondoa ilisafisha eneo la Shanga mnamo 1965. Maeneo yaliyosafishwa ni pamoja na [[Msikiti]] ulioko magharibi na visima vilivyo karibu na Msikiti wa Ijumaa. Katika miaka ya 1970, Dkt. Richard Wilding alitembelea eneo hilo, ambapo aligundua [[sarafu]] aina tatu. Dkt. T. Wilson kutoka [[Nairobi National Museum|Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Kenya]] nae alitoa sampuli [[Ufinyanzi|za vyungu]] na kuandika ripoti kuhusu vitambara vilivyopatikana hapo Shanga mwaka wa 1978. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 1980, utafiti mwingi uliofanywa katika eneo hilo ulijikita zaidi katika kuchora ramani ya eneo hilo. Eneo hilo pia lilichimbwa na Mark Horton kati ya mwaka wa 1985 na 1988. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> <ref name="Brown, H.W. 1993">{{Rejea jarida |last=Brown |first=Helen |date=1992 |title=Early Muslim Coinage in East Africa : the Evidence from Shanga |journal=[[The Numismatic Chronicle]] |volume=152 |pages=83&ndash;87}}</ref> == Ubainifu wa tabaka na tarehe == Baina ya miaka ya 1980 na 1988, jumla ya misingi kumi ilichimbwa katika eneo hilo. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref>   <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25130678|title=Review: [Untitled]}}</ref> Awamu ziliotumika katika mchakato wa uchimbaji. Ili kuunda mfumo wa mpangilio wa matukio, pamoja na kupima kina cha eneo lilochimbwa katika eneo hilo, mashimo kadhaa ya majaribio yalichimbwa na kuzunguka sehemu za kaskazini-kusini na mashariki-magharibi. Palikuwamo mashimo thelathini tatu ya majaribio kwa jumla, kila shimo likiwa na ukubwa wa takriban mita moja ya mraba. Mashimo ya majaribio yaliwapa wanaakiolojia ufahamu wa maendeleo ya Shanga na mifumo ya uvamizi. Matokeo kutoka kwa mashimo ya majaribio yalionyesha kwamba kulikuwa na mkusanyiko wa watu katikati ya eneo hilo baina ya safu mbili za vifusi vya mchanga. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Inaaminika kwamba kitovu cha makao hayo kiliamuliwa na upatikanaji wa maji. Jamii iliyoishi Shanga hapo awali iliishi katika maeneo ambayo yalionyesha maenezi mazuri ya maji. == Tarehe == Utafiti kamili wa tarehe huko Shanga ulipatikana kupitia [[Mbinu ya rediokaboni|upimaji wa radiokaboni]] na ufinyanzi ulioagizwa kutoka nje. Mbinu zote mbili za kuhesabu tarehe zaonyesha kuanzia karne ya nane hadi ya kumi na tano. Jumla ya tarehe kumi na tatu za radiokaboni zimeshughulikiwa katika eneo hilo. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Tarehe za radiocarbon zinaonyesha kwamba Shanga ilikaliwa wakati fulani kati ya karne ya nane na ya kumi na tano. Horton anasema kwamba tarehe za ufinyanzi wa Shanga zimechunguzwa kwa kina na wanaakiolojia Neville Chittick, James Kirkman na Richard Wilding. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> == Matokeo == Kulikuwa na uvumbuzi aina aina uliofanywa huko Shanga. Miongoni mwa uvumbuzi huu ni uchimbaji wa [[Mji Mkongwe|mji wa mawe]], makaburi ya saruji, mabaki ya binadamu, uchimbaji wa Misikiti ya Mashariki, Magharibi na Ijumaa, sarafu za Waislamu, vyombo vya udongo, vigae, na shanga. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> == Mji wa Mawe == === Vifaa vya ujenzi === Horton anaelezea kwamba mji wa mawe wa Shanga ulijengwa kwa kutumia aina mbili kuu za matumbawe: ''[[Porites solida]]'' na matumbawe . ''Porites solida'' inaweza kunyumbulika na inaweza kuumbwa kwa urahisi katika vitalu vya miundo ya ukuta. (26). Zoezi la kuunda matumbawe katika vitalu lilitokea takriban kati ya 900 na 1100. Tambara la matumbawe, lenye umbo mnene zaidi halina umbo rahisi kama ''Porites solida'' . Hata hivyo, licha ya kuwa vigumu zaidi kutunza, kitambaa cha matumbawe kilikuwa cha kudumu zaidi na cha bei nafuu zaidi kukipata. Mwanzoni, kitambaa cha matumbawe kilitumika tu kama kuta za mpaka, lakini hatimaye kikawa nyenzo ya kawaida ya ujenzi kuanzia mwaka wa 1100 na kuendelea. Vitalu vya matumbawe viliwekwa mahali pake kwa matope au mchanganyiko [[Chaki|wa chokaa]] ambao ungetumika kama chokaa . Nyuso za matumbawe mara nyingi zililainisha kwa plasta iliyotengenezwa kwa chokaa kile kile kilichotumika kwa chokaa. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> === Mpangilio wa mji === Mji wa mawe wa Shanga una nyumba 185 ambazo zinaanzia miaka ya 1300 hadi 1400. Mbali na majengo haya, pia kuna marundo ya vifusi vya mawe vinavyoashiria kwamba takriban nyumba zingine 35 ziliwahi kuwepo pamoja na majengo 185 ambayo bado yapo hadi leo. Nyumba za mawe zinaelezewa na Horton kama "zilizojaa watu wengi katika sehemu ya kusini ya makazi." "Hii iliacha nafasi ndogo kwa nafasi zilizo wazi." Kati ya nyumba, kuna nafasi nyembamba zinazoonyesha mabaki ya mitaa inayopita kwa mlalo. Horton anabainisha kuwa hakuna mitaa ya mlalo inayopatikana kwenye eneo hilo. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> === Ujenzi === Nyumba za mawe za mji wote zina mpangilio mmoja.   Horton pia anataja jambo la kuvutia linaloelezea jinsi kuta zilivyolainishwa kwanza kabla ya kuongeza safu inayofuata ya uashi. Horton anasema kwamba utaratibu huu ni mbinu ya usanifu inayopatikana katika ujenzi wa matofali ya matope katika Mashariki ya Karibu . Vyumba vya kila nyumba vilikuwa na urefu sawa kuanzia mita 2.5 hadi mita 3.5. Sakafu ndani ya nyumba zilitengenezwa kwa plasta ya chokaa juu ya matumbawe. Milango ilikuja katika mitindo miwili: yenye sehemu tambarare au iliyochongoka. Nyumba zote zilijengwa kwa sehemu za kuta badala ya madirisha. Pia kuna mashimo ya vigingi yanayopatikana katika vyumba mbalimbali katika kila nyumba ya mawe. Horton anakisia kwamba madhumuni ya mashimo haya ya vigingi huenda yalikuwa "kuunga mkono au kuonyesha kitambaa kilichoning'inizwa ukutani." <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> === Makaburi === Idadi kubwa ya makaburi yaliyopatikana Shanga ni kubwa zaidi ikilinganishwa na eneo lingine lolote kando ya pwani ya Afrika Mashariki. Kulingana na Horton, kuna takriban makaburi mia tano ya mawe yaliyotawanyika kote katika eneo hilo. Anadhania kwamba huenda kukawa na makaburi mengine sabini yaliyofichwa chini ya mchanga. Makaburi hayo hupatikana kwa wingi yakiwa yamepangwa pamoja katika moja ya maeneo makuu matatu yafuatayo ikiwa ni pamoja na: makaburi ya nje, Msikiti wa Ijumaa, na nje kidogo ya mji wa mawe. Mkusanyiko mkubwa zaidi wa makaburi unaweza kupatikana katika makaburi ya nje. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Makaburi ya mawe yametengenezwa kwa nyenzo zile zile zinazotumika kujenga nyumba za mawe. Makaburi hayo yana vipande vya matumbawe na chokaa. Baadhi ya makaburi haya ya mawe yana maandishi yaliyoandikwa kwa Kiarabu. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> Kila kaburi la mawe ni la kipekee kwa njia yake na huja katika mitindo mbalimbali ambayo imeainishwa kama 'aina.' Aina za makaburi ya mawe yaliyopatikana Shanga ni pamoja na: kifusi, jukwaa la mstatili, jiwe la kichwa lenye jukwaa, kifuniko chenye jiwe la kichwa, jukwaa lenye sehemu za ndani za kichwa, kizuizi kidogo, kizuizi kikubwa, tata, na nguzo. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> == Msikiti wa Ijumaa == Msikiti wa Ijumaa ndio mkongwe zaidi kati ya [[Msikiti|misikiti]] mitatu inayopatikana Shanga. Horton anadai kwamba Msikiti wa Ijumaa ulianza karne ya kumi na moja. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> {{Rp|170}}Misikiti mingine miwili: Msikiti wa Mashariki na Msikiti wa Magharibi haikujengwa hadi mwishoni mwa karne ya kumi na tatu hadi kumi na nne. Ukweli kwamba misikiti ipo kwenye eneo hilo "ndio msingi wa madai ya uwepo wa Kiislamu wa mapema sana huko Shanga." <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996" /> {{Rp|209}}Horton anasema kwamba Msikiti wa Ijumaa ulifanyiwa ukarabati na upanuzi kadhaa wakati wake kabla ya kuharibiwa na kuachwa katika karne ya kumi na tano. Msikiti wa Ijumaa uliopatikana leo uko katika hali ya uharibifu. Hata hivyo mabaki ya sasa yamechangia pakubwa katika kuelewa mpangilio wa jumla wa msikiti. Chumba kikuu cha msikiti (musala) kina mpangilio wa mstatili wenye sakafu ya plasta. Tofauti na nyumba kutoka mji wa mawe, misikiti ilikuwa na madirisha wakati fulani. Msikiti wa Ijumaa pia una mabaki ya minbar, ambayo vipimo vyake ni takriban mita 3.3 x 1.1. <ref name="Horton, Mark 1996">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa|last=Horton|first=Mark|date=1996|publisher=The British Institute in Eastern Africa|author-link=Mark Horton (archaeologist)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHorton1996">[[Mark Horton (archaeologist)|Horton, Mark]] (1996). ''Shanga: the archaeology of a muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa''. The British Institute in Eastern Africa.</cite></ref> Nje ya msikiti kuna ua pande zote mbili za Mashariki na Magharibi. Ua wa Magharibi ulikuwa tofauti na ua wa Mashariki kutokana na ukweli kwamba ulikuwa na kisima. Inaaminika kwamba ua wa Magharibi ulitumika kama eneo la kufulia. Horton pia anataja kwamba karibu na kisima kuna nafasi kubwa ya pembetatu ambayo hapo awali ilitumika kama vyumba viwili. Madhumuni ya vyumba hivi bado hayajulikani. [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pmvb6nh7n6216uz0spj9h1ivzgd0izo 0 242889 1582032 2026-07-27T08:17:09Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Libya]] ni [[nchi]] ya [[Afrika]] [[Kaskazini]] yenye wakazi wengi wanaozungumza [[Kiarabu]]. Ina urithi mkubwa wa [[muziki]] ulioundwa na athari za muziki wa Kiarabu-Andalusia, utawala wa Milki ya Ottoman, pamoja na [[tamaduni]] za wenyeji wa Wabedui na Waamazigh. Aina mbalimbali za muziki wa Kiarabu ni maarufu nchini humo, zikiwemo muziki wa Andalusia (unaojulikana nchini Libya kama Malouf), Chaabi, na muziki wa [[jadi]] wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Music of Libya|url=https://libyanheritagehouse.org/arts-culture/music-of-libya|work=Libyan Heritage House|accessdate=2026-07-27|language=en-US}}</ref> == Muziki wa Jadi == ==== Malouf ==== Malouf ni mojawapo ya aina mashuhuri zaidi za muziki wa Libya. [[Asili]] yake ni muziki wa Andalusia, uliowasili Afrika Kaskazini baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Wamoor kutoka [[Hispania]] katika [[karne]] ya [[15]]. Kiasili Malouf hupangwa katika nuba [[24]], ambapo kila nuba hugawanywa katika sehemu tano zinazoitwa mīzān. Maonyesho ya muziki wa Malouf huwa marefu, mara nyingi yakidumu kwa saa [[sita]] hadi [[saba]], na huanza kwa utangulizi wa ala za muziki unaoitwa tushiya, ambao huandaa mazingira kabla ya kuanza sehemu kuu ya uimbaji na upigaji wa muziki. === Chaabi === Chaabi ni aina maarufu ya muziki wa [[watu]] nchini Libya ambayo inapendwa sana na [[jamii]] za mijini na vijijini. Muziki huu una [[mizizi]] yake katika mitindo ya jadi ya muziki wa Afrika Kaskazini. Chaabi ya Libya huunganisha midundo ya uchangamfu, [[mashairi]] yenye maudhui mbalimbali, na mtindo wa mwito na mwitikio, ambapo mwimbaji mmoja huimba mstari na [[hadhira]] au kundi la [[waimbaji]] hujibu. Mtindo huu huchochea ushiriki wa wasikilizaji, hivyo kufanya maonyesho yake kuwa ya kuvutia na yenye mwingiliano mkubwa kati ya wanamuziki na [[hadhira]]. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Libya]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] tf651aottp4dv51h1dctebdvn75b353 0 242890 1582034 2026-07-27T08:37:53Z NANJ BHALO 90946 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342369664|Zimba (East Africa)]]" 1582034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Zimba''''' lilikuwa neno lililotumiwa katika mapisi ya Kireno ya karne ya 16 kuashiria vikundi vya Kiafrika vya kijeshi, na pia linapatikana katika baadhi ya hadithi za mapokezi za Ki-Zambezi. Neno hilo lilitumika kwa njia mbalimbali, kwa kundi la [[mamluki]] lililotumiwa na [[Lundu (ruler)|Mfalume]] wa Milki ya Maravi ambalo liliwashinda Wareno mara mbili katika miaka ya 1590, na kundi lililoshambulia [[Miji-dola ya Waswahili|majimbo ya miji ya Waswahili]] ya [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]], [[Mombasa]], na [[Malindi (Kenya)|Malindi]], ambayo pia iliingilia kati kwa uamuzi dhidi ya [[Milki ya Osmani|Waotomani]] katika Vita vya Mombasa vya 1589. Wanazuoni wa historia wana tafsiri tofauti za jinsi matukio yaliyotajwa hapo juu yalivyohusiana. == Historia == Asili na motisha za Wazimba' zinazohusiana na mtawala/cheo cha Maravi [[Lundu (ruler)|Lundu]] zimejadiliwa na wanahistoria. Yaaminika kwamba walikuwa wazungumzaji wa [[Kishona]] waliohamia kaskazini kutoka ukingo wa kusini wa mto [[Zambezi (mto)|Zambezi]] ya Chini hadi [[Shire (mto)|Bonde la Shire]], kutokana na jina ''Zimba'' kuhusishwa na vikundi karibu na Sena, na desturi za kidini zinazomzunguka kiongozi wa Zimba na {{Lang|sn|[[mhondoro]]}} Tondo/Tundu wakimhusisha na kusini. Wazimba mara nyingi hufikiriwa kuwa waliunda jeshi [[Mamluki|la mamluki]] ambalo lilitumika mwishoni mwa karne ya 16 na Lundu, ambaye Matthew Schoffeleers alimlinganisha na Tondo. Kwa hivyo Lundu alizitumia kupanua udhibiti wake juu ya Bonde la Shire, ikiwa ni pamoja na udhibiti wa uzalishaji na biashara, na pia juu ya ibada za kunyesha mvua kama vile Mbona . <ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last=Schoffeleers |first=Matthew |date=1987 |title=The Zimba and the Lundu State in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/zimba-and-the-lundu-state-in-the-late-sixteenth-and-early-seventeenth-centuries/7A836F17F9B85D60688CBF3548D8C8BD |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=337–355 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700030073 |issn=1469-5138 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name="Mudenge-1988a">{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/a-political-history-of-munhumutapa|title=A Political History of Munhumutapa, c. 1400–1902|last=Mudenge|first=S. I. G.|date=1988|publisher=Zimbabwe Publishing House|isbn=0949932302|chapter=Introduction: The Shona Environment, the Socio-Economic Organisation and Historical Identity}}</ref> : 25 Kwa msaada wa Wazimba, Walundu walishinda [[Lolo people (Mozambique)|Walolo]] na [[Wamakua]] . <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Phiri |first=Kings M. |date=1988 |title=Pre-Colonial States of Central Malaŵi: Towards a Reconstruction of Their History |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29778587 |journal=The Society of Malawi Journal |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=1–29 |issn=0037-993X}}</ref> Joseph Miller aliona matukio yanayohusu 'Zimba' kuwa hayahusiani, kutokamana na jina ''Zimba'' kutumiwa katika rekodi za Kireno kurejelea kundi lolote la kijeshi (ikiwa ni pamoja na Jaga ), ingawa baadhi ya wasomi huunganisha matukio yafuatayo na Zimba wa Lundu. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Miller |first=Joseph C. |date=1973 |title=Requiem for the "Jaga" (Requiem pour les "Jaga") |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4391189 |journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines |volume=13 |issue=49 |pages=121–149 |issn=0008-0055}}</ref> Kulingana na [[Malyn Newitt]], mnamo 1585, Zimba walifika [[pwani ya Waswahili]] na kushambulia pwani karibu na [[Kirimba (visiwa)|Visiwa vya Quirimbas]], na mnamo 1588 waliiteka [[Kilwa Kisiwani|Kilwa]] . João dos Santos, ''Mhabeshi wa Mashariki'' (1609) aliwaelezea Wazimba kama wala watu ambao "waliwaua na kula watu 3000 waliokamatwa [Kilwa]", <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/historyofmozambi00newi|title=A History of Mozambique|last=Newitt|first=Malyn|date=1995|publisher=Indiana University Press|others=|isbn=978-0-253-34007-8|chapter=Mozambique North of the Zambesi to the Middle of the Seventeenth Century}}</ref> : 68 <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/historyofmozambi00newi|title=A History of Mozambique|last=Newitt|first=Malyn|date=1995|publisher=Indiana University Press|others=|isbn=978-0-253-34007-8|chapter=International Relations and Coastal Commerce, 1600{{endash}}1800}}</ref> : 179 Ingawa wasomi kwa ujumla hawajalichukulia hili kwa uzito; Malyn Newitt aliandika kwamba hili linaweza kuwa liliundwa na dos Santos ili kuwaburudisha wasomaji wake, huku Eric Allina akisema kwamba dos Santos huenda alichukua maelezo halisi ya Kiafrika ambayo yalitumia ulaji wa watu kama [[sitiari]] maarufu ya nguvu za kisiasa na vita. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Allina |first=Eric |date=2011 |title=The Zimba, the Portuguese, and Other Cannibals in Late Sixteenth-century Southeast Africa |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=211–227 |doi=10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 |issn=0305-7070 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wakati wa migogoro ya Ottoman-Ureno ya miaka ya 1580 ambapo Ottoman walitaka kuwafukuza Wareno kutoka pwani ya Waswahili, meli ya kivita ya Ottoman Mir Ali ilifika [[Mombasa]] na kuiimarisha ulinzi kwa usaidizi wa wenyeji, iliweka mizinga ambayo ilitishia mno manuwari za Ureno licha ya ukubwa wake. Hata hivyo, kabla ya Vita vya Mombasa kuanza, Dos Santos aliandika kwamba vikosi vya Mir Ali vilishambuliwa na "wala watu 20,000 wa Ki-Zimba" walojihami kwa mikuki na mishale ya sumu, na kuwafanya waelekeze tena baadhi ya mizinga yao kwenye 'Zimba'. Meli za Wareno zilipofika, waliwafukuza Waotomani Mombasa. Dos Santos aliendelea kusema kwamba mkuu wa Wa-Zimba' alishirikiana na Wareno, na \wa-Zimba' kisha akawafukuza Waotomani na washirika wao kutoka ndani hadi ufuoni. Wasomi wengi waiona taswira ya dos Santos ya Wa-Zimba' aliyehusika katika vita hivyo ni kama ya kubuniwa tu, na {{Lien|Giancarlo Casale|de}} anasema kwamba kinachodhaniwa ni kwamba kundi la Kiafrika liliingilia kati katika uamuzi wa vita vya Mombasa. Adhania kuwa walikuwa mamluki wa Lundu walioajiriwa na kundi la wapinzani wa Kireno la Mombasa, wapiganaji wa Maravi waliohamishwa na Waislamu, au kundi la wenyeji linalowaunga mkono Wareno. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Casale |first=Giancarlo |date=2007 |title=Global Politics in the 1580s: One Canal, Twenty Thousand Cannibals, and an Ottoman Plot to Rule the World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079433 |journal=Journal of World History |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=267–296 |issn=1045-6007}}</ref> Baada ya Vita vya Mombasa, kulingana na dos Santos, 'Zimba' baadaye waliishambulia [[Malindi (Kenya)|Malindi]], ambayo ilikuwa inalindwa na Wareno. Dos Santos aliandika kuwa wakati Wa-Zimba walipokuwa karibu kuchukua udhibiti wa ngome, kikosi cha Wa-[[Wasegeju|Segeju]] chenye wanaume 3000 kiliingilia kati, na Wa-Zimba walishindwa vikali. Eric Allina anasema kwamba ni chifu na watu 100 pekee waliorudi Sena. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Allina |first=Eric |date=2011 |title=The Zimba, the Portuguese, and Other Cannibals in Late Sixteenth-century Southeast Africa |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=211–227 |doi=10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 |issn=0305-7070 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAllina2011">Allina, Eric (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 "The Zimba, the Portuguese, and Other Cannibals in Late Sixteenth-century Southeast Africa"]</span>. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''37''' (2): <span class="nowrap">211–</span>227. [[Kitambulisho cha Kitu cha Kidijiti|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/03057070.2011.579433|10.1080/03057070.2011.579433]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7070 0305-7070].</cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://archive.org/details/general-history-of-africa-vol-5/page/n667/mode/2up|title=General History of Africa: Volume 5|last=Salim|first=A. I.|date=1992|publisher=UNESCO Publishing|chapter=East Africa: the coast}}</ref> : 762  Mnamo 1592, Mzimba' aliyedhaniwa kuwa mamluki wa Lundu alimshinda chifu Mwafrika kwenye Zambezi kinyume na Sena ambaye alikuwa mshirika wa Wareno. Kabla jeshi la Ureno halijafika, Wazimba walijenga ngome yenye nguzo mbili za mbao zenye msongamano na mtaro unaozunguka. Jeshi la Ureno liliomba kuongezwa kwa silaha za moto, ingawa walivamiwa na kuuawa na Wazimba kilomita chache kutoka ngome hiyo. Baada ya kujua hili, jeshi la Ureno lilijaribu kurudi nyuma, ingawa waliuawa na Wazimba, ambao waliendelea kushambulia Sena na [[Tete (mji)|Tete]], na kutishia sana uwepo wa Wareno kando ya Zambezi na udhibiti wao wa biashara. Mnamo 1593, jenerali wa Ureno aliongoza jeshi lililoambatana na mizinga dhidi ya ngome ya Zimba, ingawa Wazimba waliwalinda kwani mizinga hiyo haikufanikiwa dhidi ya kuta za udongo zilizojengwa hivi karibuni. Baada ya miezi miwili ya kushambulia ngome hiyo, Wareno waliamua kurudi nyuma, ingawa Wazimba waliwakamata na kuwaua baadhi yao na kukamata mizinga. Wazimba wa Lundu wanajulikana kufika pwani ya mashariki mwaka wa 1595. Licha ya nguvu ya msimamo wa Wazimba, mnamo 1599 'Tundu' (Lundu) alitoa amani kwa Wareno, ambayo ilikubaliwa. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last=Schoffeleers |first=Matthew |date=1987 |title=The Zimba and the Lundu State in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/zimba-and-the-lundu-state-in-the-late-sixteenth-and-early-seventeenth-centuries/7A836F17F9B85D60688CBF3548D8C8BD |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=337–355 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700030073 |issn=1469-5138 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSchoffeleers1987">Schoffeleers, Matthew (1987). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/zimba-and-the-lundu-state-in-the-late-sixteenth-and-early-seventeenth-centuries/7A836F17F9B85D60688CBF3548D8C8BD "The Zimba and the Lundu State in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries"]</span>. ''The Journal of African History''. '''28''' (3): <span class="nowrap">337–</span>355. [[Kitambulisho cha Kitu cha Kidijiti|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700030073|10.1017/S0021853700030073]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-5138 1469-5138].</cite></ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Allina |first=Eric |date=2011 |title=The Zimba, the Portuguese, and Other Cannibals in Late Sixteenth-century Southeast Africa |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |language=en |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=211–227 |doi=10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 |issn=0305-7070 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAllina2011">Allina, Eric (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070.2011.579433 "The Zimba, the Portuguese, and Other Cannibals in Late Sixteenth-century Southeast Africa"]</span>. ''Journal of Southern African Studies''. '''37''' (2): <span class="nowrap">211–</span>227. [[Kitambulisho cha Kitu cha Kidijiti|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/03057070.2011.579433|10.1080/03057070.2011.579433]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-7070 0305-7070].</cite></ref> == Marejeleo == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Malawi]] omd4kbax75oaeymhozfy3bbin93d0g9 0 242891 1582035 2026-07-27T08:51:37Z Justine Msechu 45962 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Metro ya Paris''' (au kwa ufupi Métropolitain) ni [[treni]] ya chini ya ardhi inayohudumia jiji la [[Paris]] na maeneo yanayolizunguka, katika mkoa wa Île-de-France nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Treni hii ni alama muhimu ya jiji la Paris, na inajulikana sana kwa jinsi vituo vyake vilivyosambaa kwa wingi ndani ya jiji, pamoja na namna ujenzi wake unavyofanana kila kituo, na milango ya zamani ya kihistoria yenye mapambo ya kisanaa ya Art Nouveau. Mtandao huu un...' 1582035 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Metro ya Paris''' (au kwa ufupi Métropolitain) ni [[treni]] ya chini ya ardhi inayohudumia jiji la [[Paris]] na maeneo yanayolizunguka, katika mkoa wa Île-de-France nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Treni hii ni alama muhimu ya jiji la Paris, na inajulikana sana kwa jinsi vituo vyake vilivyosambaa kwa wingi ndani ya jiji, pamoja na namna ujenzi wake unavyofanana kila kituo, na milango ya zamani ya kihistoria yenye mapambo ya kisanaa ya Art Nouveau. Mtandao huu una urefu wa ''kilomita 245.6 ''hivi, na sehemu kubwa ipo chini ya ardhi. Una jumla ya vituo 321, ambapo vituo 61 kati ya hivyo ni vya kubadilishia (yaani unaweza kushuka hapo na kupanda treni ya njia nyingine).<ref name="france.fr">{{cite web |title=Brief history of the Paris metro |url=http://www.france.fr/en/paris-and-its-surroundings/brief-history-paris-metro |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926181613/http://www.france.fr/en/paris-and-its-surroundings/brief-history-paris-metro |archive-date=26 September 2013 |access-date=21 September 2013 |website=france.fr – The official website of France}}</ref> Kuna njia kumi na sita zote kwa ujumla, zenye namba kuanzia 1 mpaka 14, na kuna matawi mawili ya ziada yanayoitwa 3bis na 7bis hizi ni sehemu zilizokuwa za zamani za Njia ya 3 na Njia ya 7. Kwa sasa kuna njia nne zaidi zinazojengwa, na nyingine moja ipo kwenye mipango.<ref name="Paris-Metro">{{cite web |title=The Metro: a Parisian institution |url=http://www.ratp.fr/en/ratp/c_10556/the-metro-a-parisian-institution/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218211345/http://www.ratp.fr/en/ratp/c_10556/the-metro-a-parisian-institution/ |archive-date=18 February 2017 |access-date=29 January 2014 |publisher=[[RATP Group|RATP]]}} The [[Montmartre funicular]] is considered to be part of the metro system within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station, "Funiculaire".</ref><ref name="stif-2005">''[http://www.stif.info/IMG/pdf/STIF_Les_chiffres_2005.pdf Statistiques Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France rapport 2005]'' (in French) states 297 stations + Olympiades + Les Agnettes + Les Courtilles {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617083121/http://www.stif.info/IMG/pdf/STIF_Les_chiffres_2005.pdf |date=17 June 2012 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Treni za chini ya ardhi]] [[Jamii:Usafiri wa Ufaransa]] hjsftcoe2vs1kkyjq8kft1qkui5flxc 14 242892 1582038 2026-07-27T09:05:35Z Justine Msechu 45962 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Usafiri wa Ufaransa]]' 1582038 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Usafiri wa Ufaransa]] 799kizm1h87wsqp52ngt41t9a6ebwdc 1582042 1582038 2026-07-27T09:08:36Z Justine Msechu 45962 1582042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Reli]] [[Jamii:Usafiri wa Ufaransa]] adnp6s1jlplus602cnvvaqgg10zsibt 0 242893 1582039 2026-07-27T09:05:52Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|jina=Tarzan of the Apes|mwindishi=|tarehe ya kutolewa=October 1912|mchapishaji=[[A. C. McClurg]]|lugha=Kingereza|kurasa=400|msanii wa kava=Fred J. Arting|mwandishi=[[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]}} [[Faili:Tarzan of the Apes in color.jpg|thumb|Tarzan of the Apes]] '''Tarzan of the Apes''' ni [[riwaya]] ya [[mwaka]] [[1912]] iliyoandikwa na mwandishi wa [[Marekani]] Edgar Rice Burroughs. Hii ndiyo riwaya ya kwanza katika mfululizo wa Tarzan. [[Hadithi]] ilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika jarida la The All-Story mwezi [[Oktoba]] 1912, kabla ya kuchapishwa kama riwaya kamili mwezi [[Juni]] [[1914]]. Riwaya hii inasimulia maisha ya [[mhusika]] mkuu Tarzan, kuanzia utoto wake alipolelewa na nyani katika msitu wa [[Afrika]], hadi alipokutana na [[wanadamu]] wengine na kuanza kufahamiana na jamii ya [[Magharibi]]. Katika safari yake, Tarzan hukabili changamoto nyingi, hujifunza kuishi porini, na baadaye hujaribu kuoanisha maisha yake ya porini na ustaarabu wa binadamu. == Muhtasari wa Hadithi == Mnamo mwaka [[1888]], John Clayton na mke wake Alice (Rutherford) Clayton, ambao ni Viscount na Lady Greystoke kutoka [[Uingereza]], wananaswa na kuachwa katika [[misitu]] ya [[pwani]] ya magharibi ya Afrika ya Ikweta. Baadaye, wanapata [[mtoto]] wa kiume aitwaye John Clayton II. Mtoto huyo anapofikisha [[umri]] wa mwaka mmoja, mama yake hufariki kutokana na [[malaria]]. Muda mfupi baadaye, baba yake huuawa na Kerchak, [[mfalme]] mkali wa kundi la nyani wakubwa. Baada ya vifo vya wazazi wake, mtoto huyo mchanga huokolewa na Kala, [[nyani]] jike ambaye alikuwa amepoteza mwanawe mwenyewe baada ya kumuangusha kutoka juu ya mti alipokuwa akikimbizwa na Kerchak. Kala humchukua mtoto huyo na kumlea kama mwanawe mwenyewe. Hivyo ndivyo John Clayton II, ambaye baadaye anajulikana kama [[Tarzan]], anavyoanza maisha yake ya kukulia porini akiwa miongoni mwa nyani.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.94628|title=Tarzan Of The Apes|last=Burroughs|first=Edgar Rice|date=1914}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] [[Jamii:1912]] bedl2d47zyw63136a5olrpz83xckqmz 1582045 1582039 2026-07-27T09:22:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|jina=Tarzan of the Apes|mwindishi=|tarehe ya kutolewa=October 1912|mchapishaji=[[A. C. McClurg]]|lugha=Kingereza|kurasa=400|msanii wa kava=Fred J. Arting|mwandishi=[[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]}} [[Faili:Tarzan of the Apes in color.jpg|thumb|Tarzan of the Apes]] '''Tarzan of the Apes''' ni [[riwaya]] ya [[mwaka]] [[1912]] iliyoandikwa na mwandishi wa [[Marekani]] Edgar Rice Burroughs. Hii ndiyo riwaya ya kwanza katika mfululizo wa Tarzan. [[Hadithi]] ilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika jarida la The All-Story mwezi [[Oktoba]] 1912, kabla ya kuchapishwa kama riwaya kamili mwezi [[Juni]] [[1914]]. Riwaya hii inasimulia maisha ya [[mhusika]] mkuu Tarzan, kuanzia utoto wake alipolelewa na nyani katika msitu wa [[Afrika]], hadi alipokutana na [[wanadamu]] wengine na kuanza kufahamiana na jamii ya [[Magharibi]]. Katika safari yake, Tarzan hukabili changamoto nyingi, hujifunza kuishi porini, na baadaye hujaribu kuoanisha maisha yake ya porini na ustaarabu wa binadamu. == Muhtasari wa Hadithi == Mnamo mwaka [[1888]], John Clayton na mke wake Alice (Rutherford) Clayton, ambao ni Viscount na Lady Greystoke kutoka [[Uingereza]], wananaswa na kuachwa katika [[misitu]] ya [[pwani]] ya magharibi ya Afrika ya Ikweta. Baadaye, wanapata [[mtoto]] wa kiume aitwaye John Clayton II. Mtoto huyo anapofikisha [[umri]] wa mwaka mmoja, mama yake hufariki kutokana na [[malaria]]. Muda mfupi baadaye, baba yake huuawa na Kerchak, [[mfalme]] mkali wa kundi la nyani wakubwa. Baada ya vifo vya wazazi wake, mtoto huyo mchanga huokolewa na Kala, [[nyani]] jike ambaye alikuwa amepoteza mwanawe mwenyewe baada ya kumuangusha kutoka juu ya mti alipokuwa akikimbizwa na Kerchak. Kala humchukua mtoto huyo na kumlea kama mwanawe mwenyewe. Hivyo ndivyo John Clayton II, ambaye baadaye anajulikana kama [[Tarzan]], anavyoanza maisha yake ya kukulia porini akiwa miongoni mwa nyani.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.94628|title=Tarzan Of The Apes|last=Burroughs|first=Edgar Rice|date=1914}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] [[Jamii:1912]] fqlm9fnkw6zpa87807pgma6rfa5cl5y 0 242894 1582040 2026-07-27T09:06:58Z NANJ BHALO 90946 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361449412|Abaya]]" 1582040 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faili:Islamic_Clothing_Abaya.jpg|thumb|Abaya nyeusi]] [[Faili:Traditional_Green_Abayas_with_Gold_Thread_Embellishments.jpg|thumb|Abaya yenye upambaji]] <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Lango|Islam|Fashion}} '''Buibui ama baibui''' ( , Arabic ''ʿabāyah'', hasa katika Fasihi Kiarabu : {{Lang|ar|عباءة}} ''ʿabā'ah'' ; wingi {{Lang|ar|عبايات}} ''ʿabāyāt'', {{Lang|ar|عباءات}} ''ʿabā'āt'' ), wakati mwingine pia huitwa '''abaya''', ni [[Mavazi|vazi]] jepesi, huru, refu na lenye kusitiri mwili wa mvaaji, kimsingi ni vazi linalofanana na joho, linalovaliwa na baadhi ya wanawake katika ulimwengu wa Kiislamu ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Afrika ya Kaskazini|Afrika Kaskazini]], Afrika Mashariki na sehemu za [[Pembe ya Afrika]] . <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktDfAAAAMAAJ&q=the+encyclopedia+of+world+costume|title=The Encyclopedia of World Costume|last=Yarwood|first=Doreen|publisher=Bonanza Books|year=1978|isbn=0-517-61943-1|location=New York|page=9|author-link=Doreen Yarwood}}</ref> Mabuibui za kitamaduni, kawaida huwa meusi na yanaweza kuwa mraba mkubwa wa kitambaa kilichofunikwa kutoka mabegani au kichwani au mtandio mrefu. B''uibui'' hufunika mwili mzima isipokuwa kichwa (wakati mwingine), miguu, na mikono. Inaweza kuvaliwa na ''niqāb'', barakoa la uso linalofunika uso wote isipokuwa macho. Baadhi ya wanawake pia huvaa glavu ndefu nyeusi, kwa hivyo mikono yao pia hufunikwa. Kwa kawaida, buibui huvaliwa na wanawake wanapotoka majumbani mwao au hata katika hafla maalum, kama vile arusini, sherehe za sikukuu za Kiislamu za [[Idd el Fitr|Eid al-Fitr]] na [[Idd el Hajj|Eid al-Adha]], na pia wakati wa mwezi mtakatifu wa Kiislamu kama [[Ramadan (mwezi)|Ramadhani]] . == Mantiki == Sababu ya kuvaa kwa wanawake buibui mara nyingi ni kutokana na aya ya Quran isemayo, "Ewe Mtume, waambie wake zako na binti zako, na wanawake waumini, wajifunike nguo legevu. Kwa hivyo watatambuliwa na hakuna madhara yatakayowapata" (Qur'an 33:59, iliyotafsiriwa na Ahmed Ali ). Nukuu hii mara nyingi hutumika kama maagizo kutoka kwa Mungu kuhusu kuvaa buibui. == Nchi == Nje ya baadhi ya nchi kama vile Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen, UAE, Qatar na Pakistan <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-06-15|title=Shop Online for Best Deals on Fashion Abaya Hijab and More|url=https://abayahijabavenue.pk/|accessdate=2024-08-22|work=abayahijabavenue.pk|language=en-US}}</ref> buibui huvaliwa mno na wanawake Waislamu. Buibui pia huwa tafauti katika baadhi ya nchi. Katika nchi za Kiarabu ya Ghuba la Uajemi, huwa na rangi nyeusi. === Saudi Arabia === Nchini [[Saudia|Saudi Arabia]], wanawake walitakiwa kujifunika wawapo hadharani. Hata hivyo, mnamo Machi 2018, Mwanamfalme [[Mohammed bin Salman|Mohammad bin Salman]] alihoji kwamba [[Haki za wanawake nchini Saudi Arabia|wanawake wanaweza kujichagulia]] mavazi yao ya hadharani wao wenyewe, muradi yakidhi viwango fulani, aliposema, "Uamuzi umeachwa kabisa kwa wanawake kuamua ni aina gani ya mavazi ya heshima na staha wanayochagua kuyavaa". ==== Wanawake wa kigeni katika huduma nchini Saudi Arabia ==== Rubani wa kijeshi wa Marekani [[Martha McSally]] aliyewakilishwa na Taasisi ya Rutherford katika kesi ya ''McSally dhidi ya Rumsfeld'', kesi hio iliyofanikiwa mwaka wa 2001 dhidi ya Idara ya Ulinzi ya Marekani, ilipinga sera ya kijeshi iliyowataka wanajeshi wa Marekani na Uingereza walioko Saudi Arabia kuvaa mabuibui wanapotoka nje ya kambi nchini humo. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Vojdik |first=Valorie |date=Summer 2002 |title=The Invisibility of Gender in War |url=http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?9+Duke+J.+Gender+L.+&+Pol%27y+261 |url-status=dead |journal=[[Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy]] |volume=9 |pages=261–270 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306022817/https://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?9+Duke+J.+Gender+L.+&+Pol%27y+261 |archive-date=March 6, 2011}}</ref> Mwaka `wa 2002, Jenerali Tommy Franks, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa kiongozi wa maagizo makuu ya wanajeshi wa Marekani, alitangaza kwamba wanawake wa jeshi la Marekani hawatalazimika kamwe kuvaa mabuibui, ingawa "wangehimizwa" kufanya hivyo kama ishara ya kuheshimu desturi na mila za wenyeji. Akizungumzia mabadiliko hayo, msemaji wa maagizo makuu Kanali Rick Thomas alisema hayakufanywa kwa sababu ya kesi ya McSally lakini tayari yalikuwa "yamepitiwa" kabla ya kesi hiyo kuwasilishwa. McSally alikuwa akifanya kazi ya kubadili sera hiyo kwa miaka kadhaa na alikuwa amewasilisha kesi hiyo baada ya kutishiwa na mahakama ya kijeshi ikiwa hatatwii. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Whitehead|first=John W.|title=No Abaya for McSally|url=http://libertymagazine.org/article/no-abaya-for-mcsally|work=Liberty Magazine|date=2002|accessdate=April 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714095959/http://libertymagazine.org/article/no-abaya-for-mcsally|archivedate=July 14, 2020}}</ref> Pia mwaka wa 2002, Bunge la Marekani lilipitisha sheria inayomkataza mtu yeyote katika jeshi "kuhitaji au kuwatia moyo wanawake wa kijeshi kuvaa mabuibui nchini Saudi Arabia au kutumia pesa za walipa kodi kuyainunua." <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=H.R.4546 - Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4546|work=United States Congress|date=December 2, 2002|accessdate=12 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108222451/https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4546|archivedate=January 8, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="hijab">{{Rejea tovuti|author=De Wind|first=Dorian|title=Should our Servicewomen in Afghanistan Have to Wear Headscarves?|url=http://themoderatevoice.com/102140/should-our-servicewomen-in-afghanistan-have-to-wear-headscarves|publisher=The Moderate Voice|accessdate=July 16, 2011|date=February 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429084951/http://themoderatevoice.com/102140/should-our-servicewomen-in-afghanistan-have-to-wear-headscarves/|archivedate=April 29, 2011}}</ref> === Falme za Kiarabu === Mabuibui huvaliwa sana katika Falme za Kiarabu. Mara nyingi hutengenezwa kwa vitambara kama vile crêpe, georgette, na shifoni na rangi nyepesi kama kahawia na nyeupe zinazofaa hali ya hewa ya nchi hio. === Indonesia === Mabuibui hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali lakini hutumikia leng moja, ambalo ni kujistiri. Mitindo ya kisasa kwa kawaida ni kafeni, zilizokatwa kwa vitambaa vyepesi sana na vinavyotiririka kama vile crepe, georgette, na shifoni . Mitindo mingine inayojulikana ni buibui zilizo wazi mbele na abaya zilizofungwa mbele. Mitindo hutofautiana kutoka eneo hadi eneo: baadhi ya abaya zina ushonaji kwenye kitambaa cheusi, huku zingine zina rangi za kufunguka zina aina tofauti za kazi za kisanaa. == Marufuku ya Mabuibui katika shule za Ufaransa == == Ushawishi wa mitindo ya Magharibi katika miundo ya mabuibui == Katikati ya karne ya 20, ushawishi wa mitindo ya ki-Magharibi yalianza kusambaa katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu. Hii ilisababisha mabadiliko makubwa katika ushonaji wa mabuibui. Ingawa umbo la msingi lilibaki vile vile, vitambaa vipya kama vile hariri, shiifoni na lace vilianzishwa. Wabunifu walianza kujaribu rangi, mifumo, mikato na mitindo, wakichanganya vipengele vya kitamaduni na mitindo ya kisasa. Gymshark na Leana Deeb walitoa mkusanyiko wa mazoezi ya viungo ikiwemo mabuibui. [[Faili:A_model_in_Abaya.jpg|thumb|Mwanamitindo aliyevaa gauni la abaya]] == Tazama pia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> * Uislamu na mavazi * Aina za hijabu == Marejeleo == {{Reflist}}{{Folk costume}} == Viungo vya nje == *   * Kaur-Jones, Priya. " [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13372186 Kubuni upya abaya ya Saudia] ." ''[[BBC]]'' . 12 Mei 2011. * Historia ya Abaya. " [https://web.archive.org/web/20131111225614/http://www.alhamaidi.com/the-history-of-the-abaya Historia ya Abaya] ." * Tovuti ya Kiislamu ya Quran. " [https://quran.com/en/al-ahzab/59] ." * [https://www.aqila.ng/history-and-evolution-of-abaya-fashion/4560/ Historia na Mageuzi ya Abaya]  [[Jamii:Islamic attire]] [[Jamii:Arabic clothing]] [[Jamii:Hijab]] [[Jamii:Abayas]] 1j7ebbb38mwhf0vj5ng8re7wnm8mf76 14 242895 1582043 2026-07-27T09:09:53Z Justine Msechu 45962 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Usafiri wa Ufaransa]]' 1582043 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Usafiri wa Ufaransa]] 799kizm1h87wsqp52ngt41t9a6ebwdc 0 242896 1582046 2026-07-27T09:35:10Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kelly Jenrette''' ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] ''Grandfathered'' na ''Manhunt: Deadly Games''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-28|title=Kelly Jenrette On CBS's 'Manhunt: Deadly Games': 'It's A Wonderful Opportunity To Revisit The Past'|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/09/28/kelly-jenrette-manhunt-deadly-games-cbs/|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Kwa uigizaji wake w...' 1582046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelly Jenrette''' ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] ''Grandfathered'' na ''Manhunt: Deadly Games''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-28|title=Kelly Jenrette On CBS's 'Manhunt: Deadly Games': 'It's A Wonderful Opportunity To Revisit The Past'|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/09/28/kelly-jenrette-manhunt-deadly-games-cbs/|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Kwa uigizaji wake wa mgeni katika mfululizo wa ''The Handmaid's Tale'', aliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Primetime Emmy katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Mgeni katika Mfululizo wa Tamthilia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canfield|first=David|title=What to know about Kelly Jenrette, 2018's most surprising acting Emmy nominee|url=https://ew.com/emmys/2018/07/12/kelly-jenrette-emmy-nominee/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=EW.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Marekani]] scpfjfiabxxx5kbcb9jshdfswyhi200 1582080 1582046 2026-07-27T11:01:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1582080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelly Jenrette''' ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] ''Grandfathered'' na ''Manhunt: Deadly Games''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-09-28|title=Kelly Jenrette On CBS's 'Manhunt: Deadly Games': 'It's A Wonderful Opportunity To Revisit The Past'|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2020/09/28/kelly-jenrette-manhunt-deadly-games-cbs/|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Kwa uigizaji wake wa mgeni katika mfululizo wa ''The Handmaid's Tale'', aliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Primetime Emmy katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Mgeni katika Mfululizo wa Tamthilia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Canfield|first=David|title=What to know about Kelly Jenrette, 2018's most surprising acting Emmy nominee|url=https://ew.com/emmys/2018/07/12/kelly-jenrette-emmy-nominee/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=EW.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Marekani]] 8aabwgs9pels9v8kbase8xe868uwmsw 0 242897 1582047 2026-07-27T09:38:51Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dorcas Allen''' alikuwa mwanamke [[Mmarekani]] aliyekuwa mtumwa. Mwaka [[1837]], wakati yeye na familia yake walipokuwa wamefungwa na wafanyabiashara wa watumwa, aliwaua watoto wake wawili kati ya wanne.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1837-09-16|title=Communication: "Horrible Barbarity" accounted for|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-united-states-gazette-communication/158844835/|access-date=2024-11-11|website=Newspapers.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Tnbi...' 1582047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorcas Allen''' alikuwa mwanamke [[Mmarekani]] aliyekuwa mtumwa. Mwaka [[1837]], wakati yeye na familia yake walipokuwa wamefungwa na wafanyabiashara wa watumwa, aliwaua watoto wake wawili kati ya wanne.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1837-09-16|title=Communication: "Horrible Barbarity" accounted for|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-united-states-gazette-communication/158844835/|access-date=2024-11-11|website=Newspapers.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Tnbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Marekani]] 3assjl5an3vs2svt6n2azdewhgt2yin 1582075 1582047 2026-07-27T10:10:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorcas Allen''' alikuwa mwanamke [[Mmarekani]] aliyekuwa mtumwa. Mwaka [[1837]], wakati yeye na familia yake walipokuwa wamefungwa na wafanyabiashara wa watumwa, aliwaua watoto wake wawili kati ya wanne.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=1837-09-16|title=Communication: "Horrible Barbarity" accounted for|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-united-states-gazette-communication/158844835/|access-date=2024-11-11|website=Newspapers.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Tnbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Marekani]] 5rdjevoou7w6uhzkr66eptkmqg8rpg4 0 242898 1582048 2026-07-27T09:47:57Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kenya Hathaway''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa kisasa wa [[R&B]] na [[jazz]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://teens.aol.com/entertainment/idol-backup-singers|title=Teens AOL|access-date=November 12, 2010|archive-date=May 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508154327/http://teens.aol.com/entertainment/idol-backup-singers|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kenya Hathaway ni binti wa mwimbaji wa R&B n...' 1582048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenya Hathaway''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa kisasa wa [[R&B]] na [[jazz]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://teens.aol.com/entertainment/idol-backup-singers|title=Teens AOL|access-date=November 12, 2010|archive-date=May 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508154327/http://teens.aol.com/entertainment/idol-backup-singers|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kenya Hathaway ni binti wa mwimbaji wa R&B na jazz Donny Hathaway na Eulaulah Hathaway, mwimbaji aliyepata mafunzo ya muziki wa kitambo. Pia ni dada mdogo wa Lalah Hathaway, ambaye naye ni mwimbaji wa R&B na jazz. Hathaway alisoma katika Chuo cha Muziki cha Berklee kilichopo [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web|title=PaRappa the Rapper (1997 Video Game)|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/PaRappa-the-Rapper/|website=Behind The Voice Actors|access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Waimbaji wa Marekani]] brq86qg1i6f6dvxpe8nvu4xx1qszzbq 1582081 1582048 2026-07-27T11:01:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenya Hathaway''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa kisasa wa [[R&B]] na [[jazz]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://teens.aol.com/entertainment/idol-backup-singers|title=Teens AOL|access-date=November 12, 2010|archive-date=May 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508154327/http://teens.aol.com/entertainment/idol-backup-singers|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kenya Hathaway ni binti wa mwimbaji wa R&B na jazz Donny Hathaway na Eulaulah Hathaway, mwimbaji aliyepata mafunzo ya muziki wa kitambo. Pia ni dada mdogo wa Lalah Hathaway, ambaye naye ni mwimbaji wa R&B na jazz. Hathaway alisoma katika Chuo cha Muziki cha Berklee kilichopo [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web|title=PaRappa the Rapper (1997 Video Game)|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/PaRappa-the-Rapper/|website=Behind The Voice Actors|access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 7nq0nsr2dqugetdy7nrzfdzvacp2moh 3 242899 1582049 2026-07-27T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582049 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e6nftzum29mkjhkucxfpsrg0tkd1leo 3 242900 1582050 2026-07-27T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582050 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e6nftzum29mkjhkucxfpsrg0tkd1leo 3 242901 1582051 2026-07-27T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582051 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e6nftzum29mkjhkucxfpsrg0tkd1leo 3 242902 1582052 2026-07-27T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582052 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e6nftzum29mkjhkucxfpsrg0tkd1leo 3 242903 1582053 2026-07-27T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582053 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e6nftzum29mkjhkucxfpsrg0tkd1leo 3 242904 1582054 2026-07-27T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582054 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) c6ysyu3r8oylg8np3xix0f4lf4c398m 3 242905 1582055 2026-07-27T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582055 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) c6ysyu3r8oylg8np3xix0f4lf4c398m 3 242906 1582056 2026-07-27T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582056 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) c6ysyu3r8oylg8np3xix0f4lf4c398m 3 242907 1582057 2026-07-27T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582057 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) c6ysyu3r8oylg8np3xix0f4lf4c398m 3 242908 1582058 2026-07-27T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582058 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) c6ysyu3r8oylg8np3xix0f4lf4c398m 3 242909 1582059 2026-07-27T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582059 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) c6ysyu3r8oylg8np3xix0f4lf4c398m 3 242910 1582061 2026-07-27T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582061 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e5405z3aka6ncii1hzxl30phc5qceyf 3 242911 1582062 2026-07-27T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582062 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e5405z3aka6ncii1hzxl30phc5qceyf 3 242912 1582063 2026-07-27T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582063 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e5405z3aka6ncii1hzxl30phc5qceyf 3 242913 1582064 2026-07-27T09:50:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582064 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e5405z3aka6ncii1hzxl30phc5qceyf 3 242914 1582065 2026-07-27T09:50:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582065 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e5405z3aka6ncii1hzxl30phc5qceyf 3 242915 1582066 2026-07-27T09:50:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582066 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) e5405z3aka6ncii1hzxl30phc5qceyf 0 242916 1582067 2026-07-27T09:51:37Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lorraine Birabil''' ni [[wakili]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Texas]], akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 100.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Svitek|first=By Patrick|date=2020-07-21|title=State Rep. Lorraine Birabil concedes after primary runoff defeat|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/07/21/lorraine-birabil-house-election/|access-date=2025-08-02|website=The Texas Tribune|language=en}}</re...' 1582067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorraine Birabil''' ni [[wakili]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Texas]], akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 100.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Svitek|first=By Patrick|date=2020-07-21|title=State Rep. Lorraine Birabil concedes after primary runoff defeat|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/07/21/lorraine-birabil-house-election/|access-date=2025-08-02|website=The Texas Tribune|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasheria wa Marekani]] sxt28wqdscgcwrcma8m20y8fww63gh2 1582068 1582067 2026-07-27T09:52:31Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 1582068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorraine Birabil''' ni [[wakili]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Texas]], akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 100.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Svitek|first=By Patrick|date=2020-07-21|title=State Rep. Lorraine Birabil concedes after primary runoff defeat|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/07/21/lorraine-birabil-house-election/|access-date=2025-08-02|website=The Texas Tribune|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] hmvz8rvey7sv82r65cnesydbxa2l8ht 1582083 1582068 2026-07-27T11:31:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorraine Birabil''' ni [[wakili]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Texas]], akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 100.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Svitek|first=By Patrick|date=2020-07-21|title=State Rep. Lorraine Birabil concedes after primary runoff defeat|url=https://www.texastribune.org/2020/07/21/lorraine-birabil-house-election/|access-date=2025-08-02|website=The Texas Tribune|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] r23f7ps5yj1k94nsiqnktjpyu0wwu2t 0 242917 1582069 2026-07-27T09:59:38Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emily Yancy''' (alizaliwa [[28 Aprili]] [[1939]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji kwenye jukwaa la Broadway, ambapo aliigiza nafasi ya Irene Molloy katika toleo la mwaka [[1967]] la muziki Hello, Dolly!, akiwa pamoja na Cab Calloway. Baadaye alishiriki katika maonyesho ya muziki kama ''Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope, Your Own Thing, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue'', na ''Man of La Mancha''.<ref name="brd">{{C...' 1582069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily Yancy''' (alizaliwa [[28 Aprili]] [[1939]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji kwenye jukwaa la Broadway, ambapo aliigiza nafasi ya Irene Molloy katika toleo la mwaka [[1967]] la muziki Hello, Dolly!, akiwa pamoja na Cab Calloway. Baadaye alishiriki katika maonyesho ya muziki kama ''Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope, Your Own Thing, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue'', na ''Man of La Mancha''.<ref name="brd">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/emily-yancy-84988#broadway|title=Emily Yancy – Broadway Cast & Staff &#124; IBDB|website=www.ibdb.com}}</ref><ref name="rt">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/emily-yancy|title=Emily Yancy - Rotten Tomatoes|website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> Yancy, mwenye asili ya Mwafrika-Amerika, alizaliwa na kukulia katika Jiji la [[New York]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye uigizaji, alianza kazi kama mwanamitindo. Mwaka [[1965]] alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio iliyoitwa Yancy. Alianza kuonekana kwenye filamu mwaka [[1968]] kupitia filamu ya vichekesho ''What's So Bad About Feeling Good?''. Baadaye alionekana katika filamu kama ''Tell Me That You Love Me'', ''Junie Moon ([[1970]])'', ''Cotton Comes to Harlem (1970)'', na ''Blacula ([[1972]]).'' Katika [[televisheni]], Yancy ameonekana katika zaidi ya vipindi 30, vikiwemo ''Love, American Style, Sanford and Son, Starsky & Hutch, Diff'rent Strokes, Picket Fences, The Practice, Frasier, How to Get Away with Murder,'' na ''Criminal Minds''. Mwaka [[2018]], alicheza nafasi ya Gayla katika mfululizo mdogo wa HBO Sharp Objects. Mwaka [[2023]], alionekana katika filamu ya wasifu Origin, akicheza nafasi ya mama wa mwandishi Isabel Wilkerson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.callondolly.com/emily-yancy/|title=Emily Yancy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/04/archives/emily-yancy-signs-for-la-mancha-role.html|title=Emily Yancy Signs For ‘La Mancha’|date=August 4, 1977|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1939]] 771w717rwu7uok11942h72n2gmaok0z 1582078 1582069 2026-07-27T10:16:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1582078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily Yancy''' (alizaliwa [[28 Aprili]] [[1939]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji kwenye jukwaa la Broadway, ambapo aliigiza nafasi ya Irene Molloy katika toleo la mwaka [[1967]] la muziki Hello, Dolly!, akiwa pamoja na Cab Calloway. Baadaye alishiriki katika maonyesho ya muziki kama ''Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope, Your Own Thing, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue'', na ''Man of La Mancha''.<ref name="brd">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/emily-yancy-84988#broadway|title=Emily Yancy – Broadway Cast & Staff &#124; IBDB|website=www.ibdb.com}}</ref><ref name="rt">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/emily-yancy|title=Emily Yancy - Rotten Tomatoes|website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> Yancy, mwenye asili ya Mwafrika-Amerika, alizaliwa na kukulia katika Jiji la [[New York]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye uigizaji, alianza kazi kama mwanamitindo. Mwaka [[1965]] alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio iliyoitwa Yancy. Alianza kuonekana kwenye filamu mwaka [[1968]] kupitia filamu ya vichekesho ''What's So Bad About Feeling Good?''. Baadaye alionekana katika filamu kama ''Tell Me That You Love Me'', ''Junie Moon ([[1970]])'', ''Cotton Comes to Harlem (1970)'', na ''Blacula ([[1972]]).'' Katika [[televisheni]], Yancy ameonekana katika zaidi ya vipindi 30, vikiwemo ''Love, American Style, Sanford and Son, Starsky & Hutch, Diff'rent Strokes, Picket Fences, The Practice, Frasier, How to Get Away with Murder,'' na ''Criminal Minds''. Mwaka [[2018]], alicheza nafasi ya Gayla katika mfululizo mdogo wa HBO Sharp Objects. Mwaka [[2023]], alionekana katika filamu ya wasifu Origin, akicheza nafasi ya mama wa mwandishi Isabel Wilkerson.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.callondolly.com/emily-yancy/|title=Emily Yancy}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/04/archives/emily-yancy-signs-for-la-mancha-role.html|title=Emily Yancy Signs For ‘La Mancha’|date=August 4, 1977|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1939]] jev807e5oxb5a5q82bmwn3q9n7q229w 0 242918 1582072 2026-07-27T10:03:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Historia ya Kano''' (Kiarabu: تاريخ أرباب هذا البلاد المصممة كان; ''Historia ya watawala wa nchi hii ya Kano'') ni hati ya [[maandishi]] kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiarabu]] inayoorodhesha watawala wa [[Kano]]. == Muhtasari == Historia ya Kano ni orodha ya watawala wa Kano inayorejea hadi [[karne]] ya [[10]] BK (Baada ya Kristo). Hati hii inasimulia kuhusu koo kumi na moja za waabudu wa [[dini]] za jadi (kwa mfano, wachimbaji wa chumvi, watengenezaji wa pombe, na wahunzi) ambao walionywa na [[kiongozi]] wao wa kiroho kwamba mgeni angekuja, kuukata [[mti]] wao mtakatifu na kuwanyang'anya utawala wao. Onyo hilo lilisema: ''"Asipokuja katika wakati wenu, bila shaka atakuja katika wakati wa [[watoto]] wenu, na ataitawala [[nchi]] hii yote."'' (Palmer, 1928, Juzuu ya III, ukurasa wa 98). Kwa mujibu wa ''Kano Chronicle'', [[muda]] mfupi baadaye aliwasili mtu aitwaye Bagauda, ambaye aliwashinda na kuwa [[mfalme]] wa kwanza wa Kano (1928), Juzuu ya III, ukurasa wa 97–100). == Uandishi == Historia ya Kano iliyopo sasa inaaminika kuwa iliandikwa katika miaka ya [[1880]] na Malam Barka, ambaye alikuwa Dan Rimi (afisa mtumwa mwenye cheo cha juu) aliyefanya kazi chini ya Muhammad Bello, Sarkin Kano (mtawala wa Kano) aliyekuwa emir wa Kano kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1882]] hadi [[1893]].<ref>https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004380189/BP000025.xml</ref> Huenda kumbukumbu hiyo ikawa ni mkusanyiko wa kazi za awali zilizounganishwa pamoja. Nakala ya awali bado ipo mikononi mwa wazao wa Malam Idris al-Khilawiy huko Kano. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Historia]] [[Jamii:1880]] hmhxb9qy3bm7a5gy830gq2dp67p3d8f 0 242919 1582074 2026-07-27T10:08:00Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nissae Isen''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake ya kutoa sauti katika vipindi mbalimbali vya [[televisheni]] vya watoto. Ameonyesha wahusika kadhaa maarufu wa kiume, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''George katika Miss BG ([[2005]]-[[2008]]), Yuri katika My Big Big Friend (2008-[[2014]]), Beatrice katika Franklin'' and ''Friends ([[2011]]-[[2013]])'', na sauti ya toleo la Kanada ya ''Trollee katika Mi...' 1582074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nissae Isen''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake ya kutoa sauti katika vipindi mbalimbali vya [[televisheni]] vya watoto. Ameonyesha wahusika kadhaa maarufu wa kiume, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''George katika Miss BG ([[2005]]-[[2008]]), Yuri katika My Big Big Friend (2008-[[2014]]), Beatrice katika Franklin'' and ''Friends ([[2011]]-[[2013]])'', na sauti ya toleo la Kanada ya ''Trollee katika Mike the Knight''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ7MDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|title=Internet Children's Television Series, 1997–2015|last=Terrace|first=Vincent|date=August 8, 2016|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476626697|page=70|quote=Voice Cast: [[Addison Holley]] (Lili), Nissae Isen (Yuri), [[Tajja Isen]] (Nessa), [[Scott McCord]] (Golias)}}</ref> Kwa kazi yake katika My Big Big Friend, alipokea uteuzi wa "Utendaji Bora katika Jukumu la Sauti-Kupita" katika Tuzo za 33 za Msanii Mchanga mwaka [[2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|title=34th Annual Young Artist Awards - Nominations / Special Awards|accessdate=June 15, 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021074340/http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|archivedate=October 21, 2016}}</ref> Pia alipokea uteuzi mwingine wa kipengele hicho katika Tuzo za 34 za Msanii Mchanga mwaka 2013 kwa kazi yake katika Mike the Knight. Mbali na majukumu hayo, Isen pia ametoa sauti za wahusika wa kike, wakiwemo Juanita katika Atomic Betty, Ivy katika ''Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends'', Kate katika Will and Dewitt, na Jade Gibble katika ''My Friend Rabbit''. Mwaka [[2022]], alitoa sauti ya toleo la mtu mzima la D.W. Read katika sehemu ya mwisho ya mfululizo wa Arthur iliyoitwa "All Grown Up". Pia ameonyesha wahusika wengine wadogo wa kiume, wakiwemo penguin katika Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs na Thor Powell katika kipindi cha Captain Flamingo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms33.html|title=33rd Annual Young Artist Awards - Nominations / Special Awards|website=www.youngartistawards.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404162133/http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms33.html|archive-date=2012-04-04}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Kanada]] 61lc838xr18ht9a0zl9k2kctyreo9o1 2 242920 1582077 2026-07-27T10:15:08Z Jaklini 88346 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Hello naitwa jackline ni mhariri wa jamii ya wikipedia.' 1582077 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello naitwa jackline ni mhariri wa jamii ya wikipedia. rbgf736fo9bao631kql5fcpqczlpzmd 0 242921 1582079 2026-07-27T10:30:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Benin brass plaque 03 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Shaba za Benin]] [[Faili:Benin bronzes british museum 2023.JPG|thumb|Maonyesho ya Shaba za Benin katika Jumba la Makumbusho la Uingereza]] '''Shaba za Benin''' ni [[kundi]] la maelfu kadhaa ya mabamba ya [[chuma]] na [[sanamu]] yaliyokuwa yakipamba [[ikulu]] ya kifalme ya [[Ufalme]] wa [[Benin]], katika eneo ambalo leo ni [[Jimbo]] la Edo, [[Nigeria]]. Mabamba hayo ya chuma yalitengenezwa na Chama cha Mafundi wa Shaba cha Benin , ambacho kwa sasa kiko katika Mtaa wa Igun, unaojulikana pia kama Igun-Eronmwon Quarters. Kwa pamoja, vitu hivi vinachukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa mifano bora zaidi ya [[sanaa]] ya Benin. Vilitengenezwa kuanzia [[karne]] ya [[14]] na [[wasanii]] kutoka jamii ya WaEdo. Sanamu na mabamba hayo yanaonyesha [[historia]], wafalme, matukio ya kifalme, mila na utamaduni wa Ufalme wa Benin.<ref>https://digitalbenin.org/eyo-oto/1</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/benin-bronzes-british-museum-nigeria-stolen-imperialist-treasures-return-loan-elgin-marbles-looted-a8414661.html</ref><ref>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/nigeria-stolen-benin-bronzes-london-museum</ref> == Historia == Sanamu zenye mvuto mkubwa zilitengenezwa katika karne ya [[13]], na sehemu kubwa ya mkusanyiko huu ilitengenezwa katika karne ya [[15]] na [[16]]. Inaaminika kuwa kulikuwa na "Enzi mbili za [[Dhahabu]]" katika ustadi wa kutengeneza kazi za chuma za Benin. Enzi ya kwanza ilikuwa wakati wa utawala wa Oba Esigie (karibu na mwaka [[1550]]), na ya pili ilikuwa wakati wa utawala wa Oba Eresoyen ([[1735]]–[[1750]]). Katika vipindi hivi, [[ufundi]] wa kutengeneza kazi za chuma ulifikia [[kiwango]] chake cha juu zaidi cha ubora na ustadi. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Benin]] [[Jamii:Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] la73jc7cqv7sq0xp7hc9ccqvioxgqsq