Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2009 1582169 1498170 2026-07-27T17:18:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox president | honorific-prefix = | name = Benjamin William Mkapa | honorific-suffix = | image = Benjamin William Mkapa - World Economic Forum on Africa 2010 - 1.jpg | alt = | imagesize = | order = | office = [[Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania|Rais wa tatu wa Tanzania]] | term_start = 23 Novemba 1995 | term_end = 21 Decemba 2005 | vicepresident = [[Omar Ali Juma]] <small>(1995–2001)</small><br> [[Ali Mohamed Shein]] <small>(2001-05)</small> | predecessor = [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] | successor = [[Jakaya Kikwete]] | order2 = | office2 = Waziri wa Sayansi, Teknolojia na Elimu ya Juu, | term_start2 = 1992 | term_end2 = 1995 | president2 = [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | order3 = | office3 = Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji | term_start3 = 1990 | term_end3 = 1992 | president3 = [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | birth_date = {{birth date|1938|11|12|df=y}} | birth_place = Ndanda, [[Masasi]], [[Tanganyika (nchi)|Tanganyika]] | death_date = 24 Julai 2020 | death_place = Dar es Salaam | nationality = M[[tanzania]] | spouse = Anna Mkapa | party = [[Chama cha Mapinduzi|CCM]] | relations = | children = 2 | residence = | alma_mater = [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] <br> [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] <br> [[Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania]] | occupation = | profession = mwandishi wa habari, mwanadiplomasia | religion = [[Ukristo]] ([[Kanisa Katoliki]]) | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} {{History of Tanzania}} '''Benjamini William Mkapa''' ([[12 Novemba]] [[1938]] - [[24 Julai]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[Rais]] wa awamu ya tatu wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa [[Tanzania]] ([[1995]]-[[2005]]) na [[mwenyekiti]] wa [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]], CCM.<ref name="PBS"> [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/prof_benjaminmkapa.html "Benjamin Mkapa",] Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001, [[WGBH (FM)]], pbs.org, ilitolewa 19-Oktoba-2009</ref> == Wasifu == Mkapa alizaliwa Lupaso karibu na [[Masasi]] katika kusini-mashariki ya [[Tanganyika]]. Kuanzia 1945 hadi 1951 alsoma shule za msingi pale Lupaso na Ndanda. 1952/53 alisoma shule ya seminari ya Kigonsera akaendelea kwenye shule ya sekondari ya [[Wabenedikto|watawa Wabenedikto]] pale Ndanda hadi kumaliza O-level. 1958/59 alimaliza A-levels pale St Farncis, Dar es Salaam (leo hii Pugu Secondary). Alipokelewa kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] alipohitimu 1962. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html | title = Benjamin Mkapa,|accessdate=2010-01-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024730/http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html |archivedate=2009-01-06 }}</ref> ===Hatua za maisha ya kazi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106024730/http://dsctanzania.org/mkapa.html ABOUT President of Tanzania BENJAMIN WILLIAM MKAPA], tovuti ya dsctanzia.org ya 2004, sehemu ya tovuti ya Delray Beach Sister Cities' programme, ilivyohifadhiwa kwenye archive.org, kuangaliwa Agosti 2020</ref>=== *Aprili 1962: Afisa tawala [[Dodoma]] *Aprili 1962: Mkuu wa Wilaya *Agosti 1962: alijiunga na Utumishi wa wizara ya mambo ya nje *Mei 1966: Mhariri mkuu, gazeti la Uhuru *Aprili 1972: Mhariri mkuu, Daily News *Julai 1974: Afisa habari katika Ofisi ya Rais, Dar es Salaam *Julai 1976: Mwanzilishi na mhariri mkuu wa Shirika la habari la Tanzania (SHIHATA) *Oktoba 1976: Balozi wa Tanzania pale Nigeria *Februari 1977: Waziri wa Mambo ya Wje *Novemba 1980: Waziri wa Habari na Utamaduni *Aprili 1982: Balozi wa Tanzania pale [[Kanada]] *Februari 1983: Balozi wa Tanzania pale [[Marekani]] *Aprili 1984: Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje *1990: Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji *Mei 1992: Waziri wa Sayansi, Teknolojia na Elimu ya Juu *Novemba 1995: Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ===Rais wa Tanzania=== Katika mwaka wa 1995, Mkapa alichaguliwa rais msingi wake ukiwa kampeni maarufu ya kupambana na ufisadi na kuuungwa mkono kwa nguvu na rais wa zamani [[Julius Nyerere]] <ref name="AJPS"> Bruce Heilman na Laurean Ndumbaro, [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/political%20science/volume7n1/ajps007001002.pdf "Corruption, Politics and Societal Values in Tanzania: An Evaluation of the Mkapa Administration's Anti-Corruption Efforts",] Afr. J. polit. sd. (2002), Toleo 1 Nambari 7</ref>. Juhudi za Mkapa za kupambana na ufisadi ni pamoja na kuumba jukwaa la wazi lililoitwa Tume ya Rais juu ya Ufisadi (Tume ya Warioba) na kuongeza msaada kwa Afisi ya Kuzuia Ufisadi.<ref name="AJPS" /> Muhula wa pili wa miaka 5 wa Mkapa kama Rais uliisha Desemba 2005. Katika wakati wake ofisini, Mkapa alibinafsisha [[kampuni]] zilizomilikiwa na [[serikali]] akaweka sera za [[soko huria]].<ref name="aku" /> Wafuasi wake walimtetea kuwa kuvutia uwekezaji wa kigeni ungesaidia kukuza [[uchumi]]. Sera zake zilipata msaada wa [[Benki ya Dunia]] na [[IMF]] na kupelekea baadhi ya madeni ya nje ya Tanzania kufutiliwa mbali.<ref name="AJPS" /> Amekashifiwa kwa upungufu wa baadhi ya jitihada zake za kupambana na ufisadi <ref name="AJPS" /> vilevile matumizi mabaya ya fedha za umma. Utawala wake ulikuwa na matumizi sana na maposho bila kikomo. Alitumia £ 15 milioni kununua ndege ya binafsi ya kirais, vilevile karibu £ 30 milioni kwa vifaa vya angani vya kijeshi ambavyo wataalamu waliona yalizidi mahitaji machache ya majeshi ya nchi.<ref> Gideoni Burrows, [http://www.newstatesman.com/200309080010 "We sell arms to Saddam's friends",] ''New Statesman,'' 8 Septemba 2003</ref> Ilikuwa juu ya ununuzi huo wa mwisho ndipo katibu wa maendeleo ya kimataifa wa Uingereza wa wakati huo Clare Short alielezea hasira ya umma, na kusababisha yeye kujulikana kama 'Mama Radar' katika [[vyombo vya habari]] vya Tanzania. Baada ya kutoka ofisini kwa kukamilisha mihula miwili inayoruhusiwa, Mkapa alikumbwa na shutuma nyingi za ufisadi kati yao kujipa mwenyewe na Waziri wake wa zamani wa nishati na madini Daniel Yona "Mgodi wa Makaa ya Mawe wa Kiwira" yenye faida kubwa katika [[Nyanda za Juu za Kusini Tanzania|Nyanda za juu za kusini]] mwa Tanzania bila taratibu zifuatazo. Kwa kujibinafsishia [[mgodi]] wa [[makaa ya mawe]] wa Kiwira, alivunja [[katiba]] ya Tanzania ambayo haimruhusu rais kufanya [[biashara]] yoyote katika [[ikulu]]{{Citation needed}}. Aliteuliwa katika Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Chuo cha Aga Khan mwezi Novemba 2007.<ref name="aku">[http://www.aku.edu.pk/university/bot/bwm.shtml "Mheshimiwa Benjamin William Mkapa",] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aku.edu.pk/university/bot/bwm.shtml |date=20110903143820 }} Bodi ya Wadhamini, Chuo cha AKU, ilitolewa 19-10-2009</ref> ==Heshima na Tuzo== ===Nishani=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |-- ! colspan=2 | Nishani ! Nchi ! Mwaka ! Ref |- | width="80px" | [[File:Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya.svg|80px]] | Nishani ya Moyo wa Dhahabu wa Kenya (Chifu) | {{flag|Kenya}} | align="center" | 2005 | align="center" |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url = http://www.panapress.com/Mkapa-lauds-Kenya-s-democratic-posture--13-574735-17-lang1-index.html| title = Mkapa lauds Kenya's democratic posture| date = 12 Oktoba 2005| publisher = ''panapress.com''| accessdate = 26 Septemba 2013| archive-date = 2013-09-27| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927195718/http://www.panapress.com/Mkapa-lauds-Kenya-s-democratic-posture--13-574735-17-lang1-index.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> |- | width="80px" | [[File:Order of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Tanzania) - ribbon bar.png|80px]] | Nishani ya Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere | {{flag|Tanzania}} | align="center" | 2011 | align="center" | |} Mnamo Desemba 7, 2019, alitunukiwa Nishani ya Heshima ikiwa ni kuthamini mchango wake katika kuanzisha vyuo vikuu binafsi, hivyo kukifanya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Iringa (UoI)|Chuo Kikuu cha Iringa]] kuwa chuo kikuu cha kwanza binafsi nchini Tanzania wakati wa utawala wake. ===Shahada za Heshima=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Chuo Kikuu !! Nchi !! Shahada ya Uzamivu !! Mwaka !! Ref |- | Chuo Kikuu cha Sōka || {{flag|Japan}} || Shahada ya Heshima || align="center" |1998 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI">{{Rejea tovuti |url= http://www.rotary9200.org/downloads/districtconference/83rd%20D9200%20Conference%20Report%20-%20%20Final.pdf | title = 83RD Annual District Conference & Assembly|format= [[PDF]] | date = 17 Mei 2008|publisher= Page 10, Rotary International District 9200 |language= Kiingereza |accessdate= 26 Septemba 2013 |archivedate= 2013-06-25 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130625105127/http://www.rotary9200.org/downloads/districtconference/83rd%20D9200%20Conference%20Report%20-%20%20Final.pdf }}</ref> |- | Chuo cha Morehouse || {{USA}} || Shahada ya Heshima || align="center" |1999 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/> |- | [[Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania]] || {{TZA}} || Shahada ya Heshima || align="center" |2003 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/> |- | Chuo Kikuu ya Kitaifa cha Lesotho || {{LES}} || Daktari wa Sheria || align="center" |2005 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/> |- | [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta]] || {{KEN}} || Daktari wa Elimu || align="center" |2005 || align="center" |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ku.ac.ke/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=39 | title = Prominent Alumni| date = |publisher=[[Kenyatta University]]|language=Kiingereza |accessdate=26 Septemba 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930104753/http://www.ku.ac.ke/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=39 |archivedate=2013-09-30 }}</ref> |- | [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] || {{TZA}} || Shahada ya Heshima || align="center" |2005 || align="center" |<ref name = "RI"/> |- | Chuo Kikuu cha Nyukasal || {{UK}} || Daktari wa Sheria ya Kiraia || align="center" |2007 || align="center" |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url= http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/assets/documents/BenjaminMkapa.pdf | title = Citation: Benjamin William Mkapa DCL|format= [[PDF]] | date = 2007|publisher= Newcastle University |language= Kiingereza |accessdate= 26 Septemba 2013 |archivedate= 2013-05-31 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130531053328/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/assets/documents/BenjaminMkapa.pdf }}</ref> |- | Chuo Kikuu cha Rasi ya Pwani (Cape Coast) || {{GHA}} || Daktari wa Barua || align="center" |2008 || align="center" |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/189929/1/ucc-honours-former-tanzanian-leader.html | title = UCC honours former Tanzanian leader|last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= | date = |website= modernghana.com|publisher= |language= Kiingereza |accessdate=26 Septemba 2013}}</ref> |- | [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]]<br />||{{UGA}} || Daktari wa Sheria || align="center" |2009 || align="center" |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url = http://news.mak.ac.ug/2009/12/he-benjamin-mkapa-receives-makerere-honorary-phd| title = H.E. Benjamin Mkapa receives Makerere Honorary PhD| date = 27 Novemba 2009| publisher = [[Makerere University]]| language = Kiingereza| accessdate = 26 Septemba 2013| archive-date = 2013-09-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928040804/http://news.mak.ac.ug/2009/12/he-benjamin-mkapa-receives-makerere-honorary-phd| url-status = dead}}</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Wikiquote|Benjamin Mkapa}} * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitextlo/int_benjaminmkapa.html 2001 mahojiano na ''Public Broadcasting Station''] * [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/dec2001/tanz-d29.shtml "Serikali ya Uingereza yagawanyika juu ya mfumo wa radar wa Tanzania"] * [http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/guardian/2007/02/01/83504.html "Blair ashtumiwa juu ya mpango wa rada wa Tanzania"] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2044206.stm "Mpango wa rada wa Tanzania "upotezaji wa fedha"] * [http://www.thisday.co.tz/News/2497.html "Umiliki wa mradi wa nguvu ya makaa ya mawe ya Kiwira : Uhusiano wa Mkapa-Yona"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thisday.co.tz/News/2497.html |date=20071229232908 }} * [https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/rais-mstaafu-benjamin-mkapa-kutunukiwa-nishani-ya-heshima-kwa-kuanzisha-vyuo-vikuu-binafsi-nchini-wakati-wa-utawala-wake.1661870/ "Rais mstaafu Benjamin Mkapa Kutunukiwa Nishani ya Heshima kwa Kuanzisha Vyuo Vikuu Binafsi Nchini Wakati wa Utawala Wake.1661870/] * [http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/commissioners/bios/mkapa.html Benjamin Mkapa bio] {{Wayback|url=http://www.commissionforafrica.org/english/commissioners/bios/mkapa.html |date=20090709104055 }} katika Tume ya Afrika {{start box}} {{succession box|title=[[Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania|Rais wa Tanzania]]|before=[[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]]|after=[[Jakaya Kikwete]]|years=1995-2005}} {{end box}} {{Marais wa Tanzania}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mkapa, Benjamin}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Marais wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waliohudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] [[Jamii:Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] ldkhua6rlyvaodz3gbq0bswmgbs6tca 0 5823 1582156 1352564 2026-07-27T15:39:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Arusha <!-- Picha na ramani -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Look at Mt. Meru Arusha Tanzania.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Mji wa Arusha na [[Mlima Meru (Tanzania)|Mlima Meru]] |picha_ya_ramani = Arusha City in Arusha 2022.svg |ramani_pini = Tanzania <!-- Ngazi ya serikali ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[:Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[Wilaya ya Arusha|Arusha]] |ngazi_ya_serikali3 = Kata |jina_la_serikali3 = 25 |ngazi_ya_serikali4 = Mitaa |jina_la_serikali4 = 155 <!-- Siasa -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = Halmashauri ya Jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mstahiki Meya |jina_la_kiongozi = Maximilian Matle Iranqe |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Kaimu Mkurugenzi wa Jiji |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Hargeney Reginald Chitukuro |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1948 |maelezo_serikali = |marejeleo_ya_serikali ={{r|ArushaCC}} |majiranukta = {{coord|03|22|S|36|41|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} |eneo_jumla = 267 |mwinuko = 1457 <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2022 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 617631 |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 1560 |marejeo_ya_wakazi = https://www.nbs.go.tz |msimbo_posta = 231xx |kodi_ya_simu = 027 |kanda_muda = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |tovuti = {{URL|https://arushacc.go.tz/ |Halmashauri ya Jiji la Arusha}} }} '''Arusha''' ni [[jiji]] lililomo [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Tanzania]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[Mkoa wa Arusha]]. Kiutawala eneo la jiji la Arusha ni sawa na eneo la [[Wilaya ya Arusha Mjini]]. Ina [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''23100'''. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]], [[idadi]] ya wakazi wa [[wilaya]] hiyo ilihesabiwa kuwa 416,442.{{r|Sensa_2012|p=26}} Mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 617,631 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. [[Mji]] huo upo kando ya [[Mlima Meru]] kwenye [[ncha]] ya [[mashariki]] mwa [[Bonde la Ufa]] na umezungukwa na baadhi ya [[mandhari]] maarufu [[bara]]ni [[Afrika]] zikiwa pamoja na [[mbuga za wanyama]]. [[Hifadhi ya Arusha]], [[Hifadhi ya Wanyama ya Serengeti]] na [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area|Ngorongoro]], [[Ziwa Manyara]], [[Olduvai Gorge]], [[Hifadhi ya Tarangire]] na [[mlima Kilimanjaro]] vipo karibu na mji huu. Mji huu umezungukwa na [[milima]] kaskazini na mashariki, na [[mazingira]] yake ni mchanganyiko wa [[misitu]] ya [[savanna]] na misitu mabaki. [[Hali ya hewa]] ni nzuri sana. Hadi sasa ni [[makao makuu]] ya [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] na [[Mahakama ya Afrika ya Haki za Binadamu na za Mataifa]]. == Jiografia na hali ya hewa == Licha ya kuwa karibu na [[ikweta]], [[mwinuko]] wa Arusha wa [[mita]] 1400 [[kusini]] mwa Mlima Meru hufanya hali ya hewa yenye ubaridi na [[unyevu]] mwingi. Viwango vya [[joto]] ni kati ya daraja 13 na 30 na daraja 25 kwa [[wastani]]. Ina nyakati tofauti za [[mvua]] na [[ukame]] na huwa inakumbwa na [[upepo wa msimu]] unaovuma toka [[Bahari Hindi]]. [[Dini]] ya wakazi wa Arusha ni [[Ukristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, kama vile [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waanglikana]], halafu [[Waislamu]] na [[Wahindu]]. ==Historia ya kisiasa== Hati rasmi za [[uhuru]] wa Tanzania zilitiwa [[sahihi]] hapa na [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1961]]. [[Azimio la Arusha]] la kujitegemea lilipitishwa mjini hapa karibu na maeneo ya [[Mnara wa mwenge|mnara wa saa]]. [[Makubaliano ya Arusha]] ya kusitisha [[vita]] nchini [[Rwanda]] yalipitishwa mjini Arusha mwaka [[1993]]. Kuanzia [[1994]] hadi [[2015]] mjı huu ulikuwa makao makuu ya [[Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai ya Rwanda]]. ==Viwanda na Uchumi== Sekta ya msingi ya [[Mkoa wa Arusha]] ni [[kilimo]], wazalishaji wa ma[[ua]] na [[mboga]] hutuma ma[[zao]] yao ya hali ya juu [[Ulaya]]. [[Wakulima]] wadogo wadogo wa [[kahawa]] waliathiriwa vibaya na mgogoro wa kahawa wa miaka ya karibuni. Arusha ina viwanda kadhaa kwa mfano viwanda vya [[tairi]], mimea na ma[[dawa]]. Mkoa wa Arusha ni chanzo pekee cha [[madini]] ya [[Tanzanite]] [[duniani]], madini haya yanachimbwa kwa wingi sana na [[kampuni]] za madini. [[Utalii]] pia unachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa [[uchumi]] wa Arusha. Utalii unachukua nafasi ya pili kwa mchango wa mapato Tanzania. Kutokana na eneo la mji kuwa karibu na [[Vivutio vya Tanzania|vivutio]] maarufu kama vile [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], [[Serengeti]] na [[Ngorongoro]], Arusha imekuwa maarufu kwa watalii wanaotembelea Tanzania. [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Mnara wa Uhuru jijini Arusha]] ==Wilaya== [[File:Cathedral of Arusha.jpg|thumb|250px|Kanisa kuu la Arusha]] [[Image:Arusha Clocktower.jpg|thumb|250px|Mnara wa Saa wa Arusha]] Miongoni mwa maeneo maarufu ya Arusha ni ''Eneo la biashara'', ''Sekei'' ambayo ipo [[Kaskazini]]-[[Magharibi]], ''Njiro'', [[kitongoji]] kinachokua haraka [[Kusini]] mwa mji na ''Soko la Tengeru''. Kaskazini mwa Arusha ziko wilaya za [[Wilaya ya Karatu|Karatu]], [[Wilaya ya Ngorongoro|Ngorongoro]], [[Wilaya ya Monduli|Monduli]], [[Wilaya ya Arusha Vijijini|Arusha Vijijini]] na [[Wilaya ya Longido|Longido]] ambayo ipo kando ya [[barabara kuu]] ya Arusha-[[Nairobi]] na ni zaidi ya [[dakika]] 90 kaskazini mwa Arusha kwa [[daladala]]. Kambi ya Safari ya Robanda iko nje tu ya mbuga ya Serengeti. Kuna idadi kubwa ya [[wanyama]], kwa mfano [[nyumbu]], [[pundamilia]], [[tembo]] na [[twiga]]. Aina ya wanyama wengine ni pamoja na [[simba]], [[fisi]], [[swala]], [[topi]] na [[nyati]]. ==Usafiri== Mji wa Arusha una [[Kiwanja cha Ndege cha Kimataifa cha Kilimanjaro]] kinachopatikana [[kilomita]] 60 [[mashariki]] ukielekea [[Moshi]] kwa ajili ya wasafiri wa kimataifa. Kuna [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] za kimataifa na za ndani. [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Arusha]] ni [[uwanja]] mdogo magharibi mwa mji, kwa sasa wanaendelea na upanuzi wa [[uwanja]] huu. Uwanja huu una [[abiria]] 87,000 kila mwaka licha ya udogo wake. Hakuna [[huduma]] za [[treni]] ya abiria kutoka Arusha, lakini kuna ma[[kochi]] (ma[[basi]]) ya kwenda [[Nairobi]], [[Dodoma]] na [[Dar Es Salaam]] pamoja na [[miji]] mingine ndani. ==Tamaduni == Arusha ni mji mzuri kutokana na [[muziki]] pia. [[Hip-hop]] ya Tanzania inayoita [[Bongo Flava]] kwa sasa ni maarufu katika [[soko]] la [[vijana]]. Inaimbwa katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]], na ina athari ya muziki wa Waafrika wa [[Marekani]]. Mfano mzuri ni [[X Plastaz]], waimbaji [[Nakaaya]], [[Watengwa]] [[Waturutumbi]] n.k. Arusha ni makazi makuu ya [[sherehe]] nyingi na [[sikukuu]] za Tanzania na [[tamasha]] la kila mwaka. Wadhamini wa kampuni mbalimbali husimamia tamasha nyingi kila mwaka. Wasanii kama [[Shaggy (mwanamuziki)|Shaggy]] na [[Ja Rule]] ni wachache tu kati ya wasanii maarufu waliofanya tamasha katika mji huu. Kila mwaka [[maonyesho]] ya [[Sikukuu za Nanenane|Nanenane]] hufanyika Arusha. Haya huwa maonyesho ya [[kilimo]] ambayo [[wakulima]] na [[wafanyabiashara]] huja pamoja kwa maonyesho, tamasha na [[burudani]]. [[Watu]] zaidi ya [[nusu]] [[milioni]] huhudhuria maonyesho haya kila mwaka. ==Shule na vyuo vikuu== Kuna [[shule]] [[nne]] za kimataifa ndani na katika maeneo ya Arusha: [[Shule ya kimataifa ya Moshi]] (Arusha), Shule ya kimataifa ya Arusha, Braeburn School, na Shule ya Kimataifa ya St Constantine <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scisarusha.org/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-07-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924120718/http://www.scisarusha.org/ |archivedate=2011-09-24 }}</ref> Shule ya kimataifa ya Moshi ilianzishwa mwaka [[1969]] na sasa ina [[wanafunzi]] 460 kutoka [[mataifa]] 46. [[Shule ya St Jude]] hutoa [[elimu]] ya bure kwa [[watoto]] kutoka [[familia]] za kimaskini sana. Kuna [[vyuo vikuu]] viwili. [[Chuo Kikuu cha Arusha]] kilianzishwa mwaka [[1986]] na sasa kina wanafunzi 200 wa kutwa, na hutoa [[kozi]] za awali kutoka [[chekechea]] hadi [[darasa]] la 10. Gredi K-10 kufuata International Baccalaureate mpango wa miaka ya Msingi (PYP) na mpango wa miaka ya Kati (MYP) [[Mtaala|mitaala]] kwa maoni ya Afrika na kimataifa. Imekuwa moja ya shule za kimataifa za Ib World tangu [[2007]]. [[Chuo cha Arcadia]] hutoa [[shahada]] na pia mihula ya muda mrefu na mipango ya majira ya Tanzania, pamoja na mipango ya kuhitimu na kusoma katika [[Kituo cha Utafiti cha Nyerere]] kwa ajili ya [[amani]]. ==Huduma za majisafi na majitaka== Serikali ya [[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] imewekeza katika kuboresha huduma ya majisafi na usafi wa mazingira katika jiji la Arusha ili kuondoa kero ya upungufu wa majisafi na uondoaji majitaka katika jiji lenyewe na baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Wilaya ya Arumeru]] ili kuendana na kasi ya ukuaji wake.<ref>{https://www.auwsa.go.tz/news/pic-yaridhishwa-na-uboreshaji-wa-huduma-ya-maji-jijini-arusha}</ref>. Utekelezaji wa [[mradi]] huo wenye thamani ya takribani [[Shilingi]] za Kitanzania bilioni 520 ni matokeo ya fedha za mkopo wa riba nafuu kutoka Benki ya Maendeleo Afrika. ==Michezo== [[timu ya taifa|Timu ya kitaifa ya mchezo wa raga Tanzania]] hucheza [[mechi]] zake za kimataifa mjini Arusha. [[Michezo]] ya [[2007 Castel Beer Trophy]] ilifanywa katika mji huu. [[Arusha FC]] hucheza katika [[Uwanja wa kumbukumbu wa Sheikh Amri Abeid]], huwakilisha mji katika ligi ya [[mpira wa miguu]] ya Tanzania. ==Miji pacha== * {{Flag icon | Marekani}} [[Durham, North Carolina]], [[Marekani]] * {{Flag icon | Marekani}} [[Kansas City, Missouri]], [[Marekani]] * {{Flag icon | Austria}} [[Mürzzuschlag]], [[Austria]] ==Tazama pia== * [[Kituo cha Urithi wa Utamaduni cha Arusha]] * [[Hifadhi ya Arusha]] * [[Azimio la Arusha]] * [[Mkoa wa Arusha]] * [[Ziwa Manyara]] * [[Longido]] * [[Mlima Meru]] * [[Hifadhi ya Tarangire]] ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Arusha}} {{Wikiquote|Arusha}} * [http://www.angonet-tz.org/ Arusha NGO Network] {{Wayback|url=http://www.angonet-tz.org/ |date=20110226110355 }} * [http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/ Tovuti ya Arusha Times] {{Wayback|url=http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/ |date=20141121215554 }} * [http://www.ismoshi.org/ International School Moshi (Arusha Campus)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ismoshi.org/ |date=20120908071529 }} * [http://kttc.electrical-contractor.net/ Kisongo Academic college] {{Wayback|url=http://kttc.electrical-contractor.net/ |date=20110723113213 }} * [http://www.no-limits-foundation.org/ No Limits Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.no-limits-foundation.org/ |date=20130528004752 }} * [http://www.scisarusha.org/ St. Constantine's international school] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scisarusha.org/ |date=20110924120718 }} * [http://www.schoolofstjude.co.tz/ School of St Jude] * [http://www.mamboarusha.com/ Mambo Arusha] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mamboarusha.com/ |date=20100515151732 }} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Arusha.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 1254m (Red dots are railways)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Arusha.html |date=20090825183357 }} * [http://www.ntz.info/gen/b00442.html David Marsh's Childhood Map of European Area of Arusha, ca. 1956] {{coord|3|22|S|36|41|E|region:TZ_type:city|display=title}} ==Marejeo== {{marejeo|refs= <ref name=Sensa_2012>{{Cite web |url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |title=Ripoti ya Sensa 2012 |accessdate=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |archivedate=2022-03-26 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="ArushaCC">{{Cite web |url=https://arushacc.go.tz/ |title=Halmashauri ya Jiji la Arusha |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930231032/https://www.arushacc.go.tz/ |archivedate=30 Septemba 2022 |language=sw |url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Arusha Mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-arusha}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Arusha|A]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Arusha Mjini| ]] [[Category:Miji ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Arusha]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Arusha]] [[Jamii:Arusha| ]] dhdzf7eq2logr4pdazxz79kzwvbkswj 0 9753 1582157 1581623 2026-07-27T15:45:55Z Amanich7 44301 /* Vivutio */ from enWiki 1582157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Kisumu_montage.png|thumbnail|right|280px|Kisumu, Kenya]] {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Kisumu |picha_ya_satelite = Kisumu montage.png |image_caption = |pushpin_map = Kenya |map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Kisumu katika Kenya |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Kaunti za Kenya|Kaunti]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Kaunti ya Kisumu|Kisumu]] |subdivision_name = {{KEN}} |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 968909 |latd=0 |latm=6 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=34 |longm=45 |longs=0 |longEW=E |website = }} [[Picha:Jomo Kenyatta Stadium.jpg|thumb|300px|Kitovu cha Kisumu]] '''Kisumu''' ni [[mji]] mkubwa wa [[tatu]] wa [[Kenya]], ukiwa na wakazi 968,909 ([[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2009]]<ref>[https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 Sensa ya Kenya 2009] {{Wayback|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 |date=20190109205229 }}, [[tovuti]] ya [[KNBS]], ilitazamwa Januari 2009.</ref>). Pia ni mji mkubwa wa Kenya ya [[Magharibi]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[kaunti ya Kisumu]]. Mji uko kando ya [[ziwa]] [[Viktoria Nyanza]], una [[bandari]] kubwa ya nchi katika ziwa hilo. Mji na bandari vilianzishwa kwa [[jina]] la "Port Florence" mwaka [[1901]] wakati [[reli ya Uganda]] ilipofika huko kutoka [[Mombasa]]. Kuna [[feri]] ziwani kutoka Kisumu kwenda [[Mwanza]], [[Bukoba]], [[Entebbe]], [[Port Bell]] na [[Jinja (Uganda)|Jinja]]. [[uchumi|Kiuchumi]] Kisumu ina [[viwanda]] kadhaa, hasa vya [[sukari]], [[samaki]], [[vitambaa]], pia ya [[bia]]. [[Maendeleo]] ya Kisumu yalikwama miaka mingi kwa sababu kwa miaka mingi [[Wajaluo]] walisimama upande wa [[upinzani]] wa kisiasa, hivyo [[serikali]] haikupeleka miradi tena katika eneo hilo. ==Vivutio== Kuna maeneo kadhaa ya kuhifadhi mazingira karibu na jiji (Hifadhi ya Asili Ya Kisumu, Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Kisiwa Cha Ndere), ambapo nyani na viboko wanaweza kupatikana. Kinachojulikana Kama "Cape of Behemoths" iko kilomita chache kusini magharibi mwa Kisumu, karibu na kijiji cha Dunga. Hii ni staha ya uchunguzi kwenye mwambao wa Ziwa Victoria. Licha ya jina lake, inajulikana zaidi kama mahali pa kutazama machweo juu ya ziwa kuliko kwa sababu ya viboko ambao huonekana hapa mara chache. Mnamo 1980, Jumba la Makumbusho La Kisumu lilifunguliwa jijini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/14/20/|title=Kisumu|publisher=National Museums of Kenya|access-date=2014-03-15|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218065139/http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/14/20/|archive-date=2007-12-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Kaunti za Kenya}} {{mbegu-jio-KE}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Kisumu]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Kisumu]] 6qmx2opt7pbvp7syvynwoepwi94zi2m 1582158 1582157 2026-07-27T15:52:11Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1582158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Kisumu_montage.png|thumbnail|right|280px|Kisumu, Kenya]] {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Kisumu |picha_ya_satelite = Kisumu montage.png |image_caption = |pushpin_map = Kenya |map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Kisumu katika Kenya |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Kaunti za Kenya|Kaunti]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Kaunti ya Kisumu|Kisumu]] |subdivision_name = {{KEN}} |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 968909 |latd=0 |latm=6 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=34 |longm=45 |longs=0 |longEW=E |website = }} [[Picha:Jomo Kenyatta Stadium.jpg|thumb|300px|Kitovu cha Kisumu]] '''Kisumu''' ni [[mji]] mkubwa wa [[tatu]] wa [[Kenya]], ukiwa na wakazi 968,909 ([[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2009]]<ref>[https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 Sensa ya Kenya 2009] {{Wayback|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 |date=20190109205229 }}, [[tovuti]] ya [[KNBS]], ilitazamwa Januari 2009.</ref>). Pia ni mji mkubwa wa Kenya ya [[Magharibi]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[kaunti ya Kisumu]]. Mji uko kando ya [[ziwa]] [[Viktoria Nyanza]], una [[bandari]] kubwa ya nchi katika ziwa hilo. Mji na bandari vilianzishwa kwa [[jina]] la "Port Florence" mwaka [[1901]] wakati [[reli ya Uganda]] ilipofika huko kutoka [[Mombasa]]. Kuna [[feri]] ziwani kutoka Kisumu kwenda [[Mwanza]], [[Bukoba]], [[Entebbe]], [[Port Bell]] na [[Jinja (Uganda)|Jinja]]. [[uchumi|Kiuchumi]] Kisumu ina [[viwanda]] kadhaa, hasa vya [[sukari]], [[samaki]], [[vitambaa]], pia ya [[bia]]. [[Maendeleo]] ya Kisumu yalikwama miaka mingi kwa sababu kwa miaka mingi [[Wajaluo]] walisimama upande wa [[upinzani]] wa kisiasa, hivyo [[serikali]] haikupeleka miradi tena katika eneo hilo. ==Vivutio== Kuna maeneo kadhaa ya kuhifadhi mazingira karibu na jiji (Hifadhi ya Asili Ya Kisumu, Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Kisiwa Cha Ndere), ambapo nyani na viboko wanaweza kupatikana. Kinachojulikana Kama "Cape of Behemoths" iko kilomita chache kusini magharibi mwa Kisumu, karibu na kijiji cha Dunga. Hii ni staha ya uchunguzi kwenye mwambao wa Ziwa Victoria. Licha ya jina lake, inajulikana zaidi kama mahali pa kutazama machweo juu ya ziwa kuliko kwa sababu ya viboko ambao huonekana hapa mara chache. Mnamo 1980, Jumba la Makumbusho La Kisumu lilifunguliwa jijini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/14/20/|title=Kisumu|publisher=National Museums of Kenya|access-date=2014-03-15|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218065139/http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/14/20/|archive-date=2007-12-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Kaunti za Kenya}} {{mbegu-jio-KE}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Kisumu]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Kisumu]] dslz1iufnx2f8sk6z4w8a7o23upx3sh 1582170 1582158 2026-07-27T17:21:08Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1582170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Kisumu_montage.png|thumbnail|right|280px|Kisumu, Kenya]] {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Kisumu |picha_ya_satelite = Kisumu montage.png |image_caption = |pushpin_map = Kenya |map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Kisumu katika Kenya |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Kaunti za Kenya|Kaunti]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Kaunti ya Kisumu|Kisumu]] |subdivision_name = {{KEN}} |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 968909 |latd=0 |latm=6 |lats=0 |latNS=S |longd=34 |longm=45 |longs=0 |longEW=E |website = }} [[Picha:Jomo Kenyatta Stadium.jpg|thumb|300px|Kitovu cha Kisumu]] '''Kisumu''' ni [[mji]] mkubwa wa [[tatu]] wa [[Kenya]], ukiwa na wakazi 968,909 ([[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2009]]<ref>[https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 Sensa ya Kenya 2009] {{Wayback|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 |date=20190109205229 }}, [[tovuti]] ya [[KNBS]], ilitazamwa Januari 2009.</ref>). Pia ni mji mkubwa wa Kenya ya [[Magharibi]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[kaunti ya Kisumu]]. Mji uko kando ya [[ziwa]] [[Viktoria Nyanza]], una [[bandari]] kubwa ya nchi katika ziwa hilo. Mji na bandari vilianzishwa kwa [[jina]] la "Port Florence" mwaka [[1901]] wakati [[reli ya Uganda]] ilipofika huko kutoka [[Mombasa]]. Kuna [[feri]] ziwani kutoka Kisumu kwenda [[Mwanza]], [[Bukoba]], [[Entebbe]], [[Port Bell]] na [[Jinja (Uganda)|Jinja]]. [[uchumi|Kiuchumi]] Kisumu ina [[viwanda]] kadhaa, hasa vya [[sukari]], [[samaki]], [[vitambaa]], pia ya [[bia]]. [[Maendeleo]] ya Kisumu yalikwama miaka mingi kwa sababu kwa miaka mingi [[Wajaluo]] walisimama upande wa [[upinzani]] wa kisiasa, hivyo [[serikali]] haikupeleka miradi tena katika eneo hilo. ==Vivutio== Kuna maeneo kadhaa ya kuhifadhi mazingira karibu na jiji (Hifadhi ya Asili Ya Kisumu, Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Kisiwa Cha Ndere), ambapo nyani na viboko wanaweza kupatikana. Kinachojulikana Kama "Cape of Behemoths" iko kilomita chache kusini magharibi mwa Kisumu, karibu na kijiji cha Dunga. Hii ni staha ya uchunguzi kwenye mwambao wa Ziwa Victoria. Licha ya jina lake, inajulikana zaidi kama mahali pa kutazama machweo juu ya ziwa kuliko kwa sababu ya viboko ambao huonekana hapa mara chache. Mnamo 1980, Jumba la Makumbusho La Kisumu lilifunguliwa jijini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/14/20/|title=Kisumu|publisher=National Museums of Kenya|access-date=2014-03-15|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218065139/http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/14/20/|archive-date=2007-12-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na [[Andrei Gusev]]) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Kaunti za Kenya}} {{mbegu-jio-KE}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Kisumu]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] [[Jamii:Kisumu]] 13aqaziibzo0jorcuia24ngv5td0ol1 0 10610 1582085 1499909 2026-07-27T12:25:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tuzo Nobel.png|left|80px]] [[Picha:Albert Einstein Head.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein alivyopigwa picha na Oren Turner, [[1947]].]] '''Albert Einstein''' ([[14 Machi]] [[1879]] – [[18 Aprili]] [[1955]]) alikuwa [[mwanafizikia]] mwenye asili ya Kiyahudi kutoka nchi ya [[Ujerumani]]. Hasa anajulikana kwa [[nadharia ya uhusianifu]]. Mwaka [[1921]] alikuwa mshindi wa '''[[Tuzo ya Nobel]] ya [[Fizikia]]'''. Mwaka [[1933]] alipoona kuwa [[Hitler]] aliteka utawala nchini Ujerumani, aliamua kubaki [[Marekani]] alipokuwa amekwenda, na hatimaye alipata [[uraia]] wa huko mwaka [[1940]]. ==Maandishi yake ya kisayansi== {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |year = 1901 |title = Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen (Conclusions Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity) |periodical = Annalen der Physik |volume = 4 |page = 513 |doi = 10.1002/andp.19013090306 |bibcode = 1901AnP...309..513E |issue = 3 }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |year = 1905a |title = Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt (On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light) |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume = 17 |pages = 132–148 |doi = 10.1002/andp.19053220607 |url = http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1905_17_132-148.pdf |bibcode = 1905AnP...322..132E |issue = 6 }} This annus mirabilis paper on the photoelectric effect was received by ''Annalen der Physik'' 18 March. * {{Citation |last = Einstein|first=Albert|year=1905b |title = A new determination of molecular dimensions }}. This PhD thesis was completed 30 April and submitted 20 July. * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |year = 1905c |title = On the Motion&nbsp;– Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat&nbsp;– of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume = 17 |pages = 549–560 |bibcode = 1905AnP...322..549E |doi = 10.1002/andp.19053220806 |issue = 8 }}. This annus mirabilis paper on Brownian motion was received 11 May. * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |year = 1905d |title = On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume = 17 |pages = 891–921 |bibcode = 1905AnP...322..891E |doi = 10.1002/andp.19053221004 |issue = 10 }}. This annus mirabilis paper on special relativity was received 30 June. * {{Citation |last = Einstein|first=Albert |year=1905e |title = Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content? |journal=Annalen der Physik|volume=18|pages=639–641 |bibcode = 1905AnP...323..639E |doi = 10.1002/andp.19053231314 |issue = 13 }}. This annus mirabilis paper on mass-energy equivalence was received 27 September. * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation (The Field Equations of Gravitation) |journal=Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften |pages = 844–847 |year = 1915 }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity) |journal=Königlich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften |year = 1917a }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Mechanics of Radiation) |journal=Physikalische Zeitschrift |volume = 18 |pages = 121–128 |year = 1917b |bibcode = 1917PhyZ...18..121E }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |date = 11 July 1923 |contribution = Fundamental Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity |title = Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901–1921 |publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company |place = Amsterdam |url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-lecture.pdf |accessdate = 25 March 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070210054832/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-lecture.pdf |archivedate = 2007-02-10 |deadurl = no }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases (Quantum theory of monatomic ideal gases) |journal=Sitzungsberichte der Preussichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Physikalisch-Mathematische Klasse |pages = 261–267 |year = 1924 }}. First of a series of papers on this topic. * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Die Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flussläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen Gesetzes |journal=Die Naturwissenschaften |pages = 223–224 |year = 1926 |doi = 10.1007/BF01510300 |volume = 14 |bibcode = 1926NW.....14..223E |issue = 11 }}. On [[Baer's law]] and [[meander]]s in the courses of rivers. * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |last2 = Podolsky |first2 = Boris |last3 = Rosen |first3 = Nathan |title = Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? |journal=Physical Review |issue = 10 |volume = 47 |pages = 777–780 |date = 15 May 1935 |doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 |ref = {{harvid|Einstein|1935}} |bibcode = 1935PhRv...47..777E }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = On Science and Religion |journal=Nature |volume = 146 |year = 1940 |doi = 10.1038/146605a0 |page = 605 |isbn = 0-7073-0453-9 |publisher=Scottish Academic |location = Edinburgh |bibcode = 1940Natur.146..605E |issue = 3706 }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert ''et&nbsp;al.'' |title = To the editors |newspaper = New York Times |date = 4 December 1948 |url = http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html |isbn = 0-7354-0359-7 |publisher = AIP, American Inst. of Physics |location = Melville, NY |access-date = 2013-03-06 |archive-date = 2007-12-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217113044/http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html |dead-url = yes }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Why Socialism? |magazine = Monthly Review |date = May 1949 |url = http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm |accessdate = 16 January 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060111081948/http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm |archivedate = 2006-01-11 |deadurl = no }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = On the Generalized Theory of Gravitation |journal=Scientific American |volume = CLXXXII |issue = 4 |pages = 13–17 |year = 1950 }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Ideas and Opinions |place = New York |publisher=Random House |year = 1954 |isbn = 0-517-00393-7 }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |title = Albert Einstein, Hedwig und Max Born: Briefwechsel 1916–1955 |publisher=Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung |year = 1969 |location = Munich |language = German |isbn = 3-88682-005-X }} * {{Citation |last = Einstein |first = Albert |edition = Centennial |title = Autobiographical Notes |year = 1979 |place = Chicago |publisher=Open Court |isbn = 0-87548-352-6 |others = Paul Arthur Schilpp }}. The ''chasing a light beam'' thought experiment is described on pages 48–51. * Collected Papers: {{Citation |author=[[John Stachel|Stachel, John]], Martin J. Klein, a.&nbsp;J. Kox, Michel Janssen, R. Schulmann, Diana Komos Buchwald and others (Eds.) |year=1987–2006 |title=The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 1–10 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |url=http://press.princeton.edu/einstein/writings.html#papers |access-date=2013-03-06 |archive-date=2013-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217024451/http://press.princeton.edu/einstein/writings.html#papers |dead-url=yes }} Further information about the volumes published so far can be found on the webpages of the [http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/index.html Einstein Papers Project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/index.html |date=20160811131907 }} and on the [[Princeton University Press]] [http://press.princeton.edu/einstein/ Einstein Page] {{refend}} ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Marejeo mengine== {{div col|2}} {{refbegin}} * Brian, Denis (1996). ''Einstein: A Life.'' New York: John Wiley. * Clark, Ronald (1971). ''Einstein: The Life and Times.'' New York: Avon Books. * Fölsing, Albrecht (1997): ''Albert Einstein: A Biography''. New York: Penguin Viking. (Translated and abridged from the German by Ewald Osers.) ISBN 978-0670855452 * {{Rejea kitabu |last1=Highfield |first1=Roger |last2=Carter |first2=Paul |year=1993 | title = The Private Lives of Albert Einstein|url=https://archive.org/details/privatelivesofal0000high |location=London |publisher=Faber and Faber |isbn=978-0-571-16744-9 |ref=harv}} * Hoffmann, Banesh, with the collaboration of Helen Dukas (1972): ''Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel''. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon Ltd. ISBN 978-0670111817 * Isaacson, Walter (2007): ''Einstein: His Life and Universe''. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, New York. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0 * Moring, Gary (2004): ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=875TTxildJ0C&dq=idiots+guide+to+einstein&printsec=frontcover The complete idiot's guide to understanding Einstein]'' ( 1st ed. 2000). Indianapolis IN: Alpha books (Macmillan USA). ISBN 0-02-863180-3 * [[Abraham Pais|Pais, Abraham]] (1982): ''Subtle is the Lord: The science and the life of Albert Einstein''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198539070. The definitive biography to date. * Pais, Abraham (1994): ''Einstein Lived Here''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-192-80672-6 * Parker, Barry (2000): ''Einstein's Brainchild: Relativity Made Relatively Easy!''. Prometheus Books. Illustrated by Lori Scoffield-Beer. A review of Einstein's career and accomplishments, written for the lay public. ISBN 978-1591025221 * Schweber, Sylvan S. (2008): ''Einstein and [[J. Robert Oppenheimer|Oppenheimer]]: The Meaning of Genius''. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02828-9. * [[J. Robert Oppenheimer|Oppenheimer]], J.R. (1971): "On Albert Einstein," p.&nbsp;8–12 in ''Science and synthesis: an international colloquium organized by Unesco on the tenth anniversary of the death of Albert Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin'', Springer-Verlag, 1971, 208 pp. (Lecture delivered at the UNESCO House in Paris on 13 December 1965.) Also published in The New York Review of Books, 17 March 1966, [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1966/mar/17/on-albert-einstein/?pagination=false On Albert Einstein by Robert Oppenheimer] {{refend}} {{div col end}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.scribd.com/doc/23220527/Ideas-and-Opinions-by-Albert-Einstein ''Ideas and Opinions'', Einstein's letters and speeches] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/23220527/Ideas-and-Opinions-by-Albert-Einstein |date=20120510125626 }}, Full text, ''Crown Publishers (1954) 384 pages * [http://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=qc6CJjYAAAAJ&hl=en Einstein's Scholar Google profile] * [[wikilivres:Albert Einstein|Works by Albert Einstein]] (public domain in Canada) * {{Citation|year=1997 |month= April |publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland |title = The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Einstein.html |accessdate =14 June 2009}} * ''[http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einstein.php Why Socialism?] {{Wayback|url=http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einstein.php |date=20110317032934 }}'' by Albert Einstein, ''[[Monthly Review]]'', May 1949 * [http://www.shapell.org/exhibitions.aspx?einstein-original-letters-in-aid-of-his-brethren Einstein's Personal Correspondence: Religion, Politics, The Holocaust, and Philosophy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shapell.org/exhibitions.aspx?einstein-original-letters-in-aid-of-his-brethren |date=20150315104758 }} Shapell Manuscript Foundation * [http://vault.fbi.gov/Albert%20Einstein FBI file on Albert Einstein] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html Nobelprize.org Biography:Albert Einstein] * [http://life.tumblr.com/post/526230217/the-einstein-you-never-knew The Einstein You Never Knew]&nbsp;— slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]'' * [http://www.history.com/topics/albert-einstein Albert Einstein]&nbsp;— videos * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bpeins.html Science Odyssey People And Discoveries] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608004818/http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/science-technology-and-society/sts-042j-einstein-oppenheimer-feynman-physics-in-the-20th-century-spring-2006/ MIT OpenCourseWare STS.042J/8.225J: Einstein, Oppenheimer, Feynman: Physics in the 20th century]&nbsp;— free study course that explores the changing roles of physics and physicists during the 20th century * [http://www.alberteinstein.info/ Albert Einstein Archives Online (80,000+ Documents)]{{Wayback|url=http://www.alberteinstein.info/ |date=20110811112756 }} ([http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46785542/ns/technology_and_science-science/ MSNBC - 19 March 2012]) * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2745/ Einstein's declaration of intention for American citizenship] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2745/ |date=20140222071037 }} from the [[World Digital Library]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Einstein, Albert}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1879]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1955]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] mbxt66phjrxoa933imezcrqfuj9vyci 0 14120 1582223 1297927 2026-07-28T01:14:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{elementi | rangi = #ffc0c0 | jina = Darmstadti (ununnilium) | picha = Ds-TableImage.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = | alama = Ds | namba atomia = 110 | mfululizo safu = [[Metali ya mpito]] | uzani atomia = 281 | valensi = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 1 | densiti husianifu = | kiwango cha kuyeyuka= | kiwango cha kuchemka= | kiwango utatu = | % ganda dunia = | hali maada = inaaminiwa ni mango | mengineyo = [[tamburania]], [[elementi sintetiki]] }} '''Darmstadti''' (zamani: '''ununnilium''' ilikuwa jina la kwanza) ni [[elementi sintetiki]] yenye namba atomia '''110''' kwenye [[mfumo radidia]], uzani atomia ni 281. Alama yake ni '''Ds'''. Jina latokana na mji wa [[Darmstadt]] katika [[Ujerumani]] ambako ilitengenezwa mara ya kwanza katika maabara ya "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI)". == Elementi ya kutengenezwa katika maabara == Ni elementi sintetiki au [[tamburania]] yaani haipatikani kiasili. Sababu yake ni [[nusumaisha]] ya [[isotopi]] zake ni fupi mno. ²⁶⁹Ds ina nusumaisha ya [[mikrosekunde]] 180; isotopi yenye nusumaisha ndefu ya dakika 1.1 ni ²⁸¹Ds. Darmstadti ilitambuliwa mara ya kwanza na wanasayansi wa taasisi ya utafiti wa kinyuklia huko Darmstadt. Walifaulu kutengeneza atomi chache tu katika chombo cha nyuklia tar. 9 Novemba 1994 kwa njia ya myeyungano wa ioni za [[Plumbi]] na [[Nikeli]]. [[Mligano]] uanofuata waonyesha mmenyuko uliotokea. Pb ni alama ya [[risasi (metali)]] (plumbi), Ni [[nikeli]] na n ni alama ya [[neutroni]] inayobaki mwishoni. : <math>{208 \atop 82}\mathrm{Pb}+{62 \atop 28}\mathrm{Ni}\quad\rightarrow\quad{269 \atop 110}\mathrm{Ds}+{1 \atop 0}\mathrm{n} \; </math> == Jina == Jina la elementi ilikuwa awali "ununnilium" yaani [[Kilatini]] kwa moja-moja-sifuri kwa namba yake 110. Hii ilipatikana kinadharia kabla ya kuwa na elementi lakini wataalamu walikadiria kuwepo wake. Baadaye wanasayansi wa Darmstadt walifaulu kutengeneza elementiki sinteiki sita zilizowahi kutabiriwa kinadharia na kwa sababu hii ofisi kuu ya kumataifa ya wanafisikia iliamua kubadilisha jina kuwa Darmstadt kwa heshima ya maabara katika mji huu. == Matumizi == Kama elementi zote za sintetiki haina matumizi bado zatengenezwa tu kwa kusudi la utafiti. Duniani hazipatikani kiasili tena. Kuna uwezekano ya kwamba ziliwahi kupatikana zamani ila tu kutokana na maisha mafupi ya atomi zao zimeshapotea muda mrefu. == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons|Darmstadtium}} * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ds/index.html WebElements.com - Darmstadtium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ds/index.html |date=20060618221929 }} * [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2003/naming110.html IUPAC: Element 110 is named darmstadtium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2003/naming110.html |date=20031001232857 }} * [http://www.apsidium.com/elements/110.htm Apsidium - darmstadtium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apsidium.com/elements/110.htm |date=20041204021530 }} [[Jamii:Elementi]] [[Jamii:Elementi sintetiki]] [[Jamii:Mfumo radidia]] bq0p496cr5jefnojtm29xsv0nkwksv3 0 14304 1582222 1475148 2026-07-28T01:10:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Muigizaji | rangi = Khaki | jina = Dario Argento | picha = Dario Argento at the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival in 2007.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Dario Argento | alizaliwa = [[7 Septemba]] [[1940]] [[Rome]], [[Italia]] | kafariki = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[Mwongozaji wa filamu]]<br>[[Mwigizaji]]<br>Mtunzi | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = }} '''Dario Argento''' (amezaliwa tar. [[7 Septemba]] mwaka [[1940]]) ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mtaarishaji]] na [[mtunzi]] kutoka nchini [[Italia]]. Argento alifahamika sana kwa umahili wake wa kutengeneza filamu za kutisha. Dario pia aliwahi kutunga na kuongoza baadhi ya [[Filamu za Western]] ya [[Italia]], maarufu kama [[Spaghetti Western]]. ==Filamu za Dario Argento== ===Kama mwongozaji=== * ''The Bird with the Crystal Plumage'' au(''L'Uccello Dalle Piume di Cristallo'') (1970) (Pia mtunzi) * ''The Cat o' Nine Tails'' au (''Il Gatto a Nove Code'') (1971) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Four Flies on Grey Velvet'' au (''4 Mosche di Velluto Grigio'') (1971) (Pia mtunzi) * ''The Five Days'' au (''Le Cinque Giornate'') (1973) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Door into Darkness'' (Mfululizo wa TV, ''Testimone Oculare'', ''Il Tram'') (1973) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''Deep Red'' au (''Profondo Rosso'') (Pia inajulikana kama ''The Hatchet Murders'') (1975) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Suspiria'' (1977) (Pia mtunzi * ''Inferno'' (1980) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Tenebrae'' (Pia inajulikana kama ''Unsane'') (1982) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Phenomena'' (Pia inajulikana kama ''Creepers'') (1985) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''Opera'' ni (''Opera'') (1987) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''Two Evil Eyes'' au (''Due Occhi Diabolici'') au (Segment, ''The Black Cat'') (1990) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji mkuu) * ''Trauma'' (1993) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''The Stendhal Syndrome'' au (''La Sindrome di Stendhal'') (1996) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''The Phantom of the Opera'' au (''Il Fantasma dell'Opera'') (1998) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Sleepless'' au (''Non ho Sonno'') (2001) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''The Card Player'' au (''Il cartaio'') (2004) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) * ''Do You Like Hitchcock?'' au (''Ti Place Hitchcock?'') (2005) (Pia mtunzi) * ''Masters of Horror'' (Mfululizo wa katika TV'' (2005) * ''Masters of Horror'' (Mfululizo wa katika TV'' (2006) * ''The Mother of Tears'' (2007) (Pia mtunzi na mtaarishaji) ===Kama mtunzi(sio mwongozaji)=== * ''Scusi, lei è Favorevole o Contrario? (1967) * ''Every Man Is My Enemy'' au (''Qualcuno ha Tradito'') (1967) * ''Heroes Never Die'' au (''Les Héros ne Meurent Jamais'') (1968) * ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' au (''C'era una Volta il West'') (1968) (Hadithi) * ''Today It's Me... Tomorrow It's You!'' au (''Oggi a me... domani a te!'') (1968) * ''Comandamenti per un Gangster'' (1968) * ''Commandos'' (1968) * ''La Rivoluzione sessuale'' au (''The Sexual Revolution'') (1968) * ''Cemetery Without Crosses'' au (''Une Corde, un Colt'') (1969) * ''Love Circle'' au (''Metti una Sera a Cena'') (Pia inajulikana kama ''One Night at Dinner'') (1969) * ''Probabilità Zero'' (1969) * ''Legion of the Damned'' au (''La Legione dei Dannati'') (Pia inajulikana kama ''Battle of the Commandos'') (1969) * ''The Five Man Army'' au (''Un Esercito di Cinque Uomini'') (1969) * ''Season of the Senses'' au (''La Stagione dei Sensi''') (1969) * ''Man Called Amen'' au (''Così Sia'' (1972) * ''Demoni'' au ''Dèmoni'' (1985) (Pia mtaarishaji) * ''Demoni 2'' au (''Demoni 2'') (1986) (Pia mtaarishaji) * ''The Church'' au (''La Chiesa'') (aka ''Demons 3'') (1989) (Pia mtaarishaji) * ''The Sect'' au (''La Setta'') (aka ''Demons 4'') (1991) (Pia mtaarishaji) * ''The Wax Mask'' au (''M.D.C. - Maschera di Cera'') (1997) (Hdithi) (Pia mtaarishaji) ===Kama mtayarishaji (sio mtunzi wala mwongozaji)=== * ''Door into Darkness'' au (''La Bambole'') (1973) * ''Dawn of the Dead'' au (''Zombi'') (1978) * ''Turno di Notte'' (Mufululizo wa katika TV) (1987) * ''Scarlet Diva'' (2000) ==Ona pia== * [[Spaghetti Western|Waongozaji na Wagizaji wa Filamu za Western.]] ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.texasfrightmareweekend.com RARE US Dario Argento Appearance] * [http://www.darkdreams.org/index.html Dark Dreams: the films of Dario Argento] {{Wayback|url=http://www.darkdreams.org/index.html |date=20071012194716 }} * [http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2003/great-directors/argento/ Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2003/great-directors/argento/ |date=20060504230639 }} * [http://www.theyshootpictures.com/argentodario.htm They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?] * {{IMDb name|id=0000783}} * [http://www.toxicuniverse.com/review.php?aid=1000396 ToxicUniverse.com article] {{Wayback|url=http://www.toxicuniverse.com/review.php?aid=1000396 |date=20070927225326 }} by Mike Bracken * [http://www.kinoeye.org/index_02_11.php Kinoeye special issue on Argento] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kinoeye.org/index_02_11.php |date=20030812234005 }} * [http://www.filminglocationsdetectives.com/films/demons.htm The filming location Detectives have sleuthed Demoni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.filminglocationsdetectives.com/films/demons.htm |date=20071012200628 }} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Argento, Dario}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji wa Filamu za Western]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu za Western]] crqj2xklrcdhbze6uf5bszdxy21rg7f 0 14732 1582217 1298098 2026-07-27T23:03:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{elementi | rangi = #cccccc | jina = Copernici (Copernicum, zamani Ununbium) | picha = Uub-TableImage.png | maelezo_ya_picha = | alama = Cn (zamani Uub) | namba atomia = 112 | mfululizo safu = matali za mpito (?) | uzani atomia = 277 g/cm³ (kadirio) | valensi = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 | densiti husianifu = | kiwango cha kuyeyuka= | kiwango cha kuchemka= | kiwango utatu = | % ganda dunia = 0% (elementi sintetiki) | hali maada = huaminiwa kuwa [[gesi]] au kama metali | mengineyo = <small> Copernici / Ununubi ni elementi sintetiki yenye nusumaisha mafupi sana iliyotengenezwa mara nne tu </small> }} '''Copernici''' (kwa [[Kilatini]]: ''Copernicum, zamani Ununubium)'' ni [[elementi sintetiki]] yenye [[namba atomia]] '''112''' kwenye [[mfumo radidia]], [[uzani atomia]] ni takriban 277. [[Alama]] yake mpya ni '''Cn''' (zamani '''Uub'''). Si rahisi kutaja [[tabia]] zake kwa sababu imetengenezwa mara [[nne]] tu katika [[maabara]] kama [[atomi]] moja-moja. == Jina == [[Jina]] lilitolewa kwa [[heshima]] ya [[mwanaastronomia]] [[Nikolaus Kopenikus]] (kwa Kilatini Copernicus). Jina la awali lilitokana na maneno ya [[Kilatini]] kwa "1" (unum) na kwa "2" (bi). Un-un-bi yamaanisha hivyo moja-moja-mbili yaani namba atomia ya elementi. Ununbi lilikuwa jina la muda kabla ya [[wataaalamu]] hukubaliana. == Ufumbuzi == [[Elementi]] hiyo iliwahi kutabiriwa na [[wanasayansi]] kuwa inaweza kupatikana. Ilitengenezwa mara ya kwanza [[mwaka]] [[1996]] na wanasayansi wa [[taasisi]] ya [[utafiti]] wa kinyuklia huko [[Darmstadt]] ([[Ujerumani]]) kwa kufyatulia [[Kiini cha atomu|viini]] vya atomi za [[zinki]] katika [[risasi (metali)|risasi]]. == Matumizi == Kama elementi zote za sintetiki, hiyo pia haina matumizi bado: zatengenezwa tu kwa kusudi la utafiti. [[Duniani]] hazipatikani kiasili tena. Kuna uwezekano wa kwamba ziliwahi kupatikana zamani ila tu, kutokana na [[maisha]] mafupi ya atomi zake, zimeshapotea muda mrefu. == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons|Ununbium}} * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Uub/index.html WebElements.com - Ununbium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Uub/index.html |date=20071213153008 }} * [http://www.apsidium.com/elements/112.htm Apsidium - Ununbium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apsidium.com/elements/112.htm |date=20070404045121 }} * [http://www.gsi.de/informationen/wti/library/scientificreport2003/files/167.pdf Indication for a gaseous element 112] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gsi.de/informationen/wti/library/scientificreport2003/files/167.pdf |date=20070329222141 }} {{mbegu-kemia}} [[Jamii:Elementi sintetiki]] [[Jamii:Metali]] bvpcirv1erndpn7si1td74hhciahoah 0 18017 1582084 1428758 2026-07-27T12:02:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Aksaray districts.png|thumb|right|300px|Aksaray kama jinsi inavyoonekana katika eneo lenye rangi ya njano.]] [[Image:Aksaray68.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Aksaray]] '''Aksaray''' ni [[mji]] uliopo [[Anatolia|Anatolia ya Kati]] nchini [[Uturuki]] na ndiyo [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Mkoa wa Aksaray]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2000, [[idadi]] ya wakazi waishio katika wilaya hiyo ni 236,560 ambao wengine 129,949 wanaishi katika mji wa Aksaray.<ref name="die">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls| title = Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-02|author=[[:en:Turkish Statistical Institute|Taasisi ya Takwimu ya Watu ya Uturuki]]|format=XLS|language=Turkish|archivedate=2007-07-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Ic%20Anadolu| title = Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-04-02|author=GeoHive|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66FXYDsBO?url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Ic%20Anadolu|archivedate=2012-03-18}}</ref> Wilaya imechukua eneo la [[km]] 4,589 (na 1,772 [[sq]] mi),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html| title = Statistical information on districts of Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-12|author=Statoids}}</ref> na wastani wa mapolomoko ni [[m]] 980 (na ft 3,215), na kilele kirefu cha [[Mlima Hasan]] mnamo 3,253 m (na ft 10,673). == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Maelezo== * Stierlin, Henry. 1998. Turkey: From the Selçuks to the Ottomans. New York: Taschen, 240. * [http://www.turkishhan.org/sultanaksaray.htm Sultan Han Aksaray] * Yavuz, Aysil Tükel. 1997. The Concepts that Shape Anatolian Seljuq Caravanserais. In Muqarnas XIV: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World. Gülru Necipoglu (ed). Leiden: E.J. Brill, 80-95 ([http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.tcl?document_id=8967 download] {{Wayback|url=http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.tcl?document_id=8967 |date=20060613015657 }}) * {{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Aksaray.html|title=Geographical information on Aksaray, Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-02|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|archive-date=2012-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119002138/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Aksaray.html|url-status=dead}} * {{tr}} {{Rejea tovuti|url=http://aksaray.turizm.gov.tr/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFF028B4EEC66E03438EBCEBCC3A6966F99| title = General information on Aksaray, Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-02|author=[[:en:Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)|Wizara ya Utalii na Utamaduni ya Uturuki]]|language=Turkish}} * [http://www.aksaray.gov.tr/ District governor's official website] {{tr}} / {{en}} / {{fr}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.aksaray.gov.tr/ District governor's official website] {{tr}} / {{en}} / {{fr}} * [http://www.aksaray.bel.tr/ District municipality's official website] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.tulpart.com/pic.asp?cmd=1&cid=13 Aksaray Historical Place Photos] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tulpart.com/pic.asp?cmd=1&cid=13 |date=20071016104018 }} * [http://www.turkeyforecast.com/weather/aksaray/ Aksaray Weather Forecast Information] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turkeyforecast.com/weather/aksaray/ |date=20051124124215 }} * [http://maps.turkeyodyssey.com/city/maps_of_aksaray.php Maps of Aksaray] {{Wayback|url=http://maps.turkeyodyssey.com/city/maps_of_aksaray.php |date=20070225035036 }} * [http://www.aksaray.us/ Aksaray] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aksaray.us/ |date=20080723010039 }} {{tr}} * [http://www.1turk.net/ Aksaray News] {{Wayback|url=http://www.1turk.net/ |date=20080914150903 }} {{tr}} {{Districts of Turkey|provname=Aksaray|sortkey=Aksaray}} {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] sudv6gkc3ls5xbhaf6vzhwcr02hq3vp 0 19007 1582248 1313221 2026-07-28T11:07:00Z ~2026-41857-74 91236 1582248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mng'aro''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Lushoto]] katika [[Mkoa wa Tanga]], [[Tanzania]]. Katika [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 9,389 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 7,148 waishio humo. Kata hii ina [[shule ya msingi|shule za msingi]] tano na shule moja ya [[shule ya sekondari|sekondari]].shule hizo ni shule ya msingi Mng'aro, Mazinde, ngwalu, kikumbi, kishmai na shule ya sekondari Kitivo. Ndani ya kata hii kuna [[skimu]] kubwa kwa ajili ya [[kilimo cha umwagiliaji]] pamoja na [[gereza]] la [[kilimo]]. Mwaka [[2015]] kata hii ilifanikiwa kumpata [[diwani]] kupitia [[CHADEMA]] na hivyo kuweka [[historia]] ya kuwa kata pekee iliokwenda kwa [[upinzani]] ndani ya wilaya ya Lushoto. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Lushoto}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Tanga]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Lushoto]] mml0ifnc4pmkltrdo2xbsxhdmssapy5 0 35901 1582220 1172573 2026-07-27T23:46:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dagoretti''' ni eneo lililoko [[magharibi]] mwa [[Nairobi]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Kenya]]. == Kata == {| class="wikitable" |- | colspan="2"| |- !Kata !Idadi ya Watu |- | Kawangware | 86,824 |- | Kenyatta | 30,253 |- | Mutuini | 14,521 |- | Riruta | 65,958 |- | Uthiru / Ruthimitu | 23,016 |- | Waithaka | 19,937 |- | '''Jumla''' | '''240,081''' |- | colspan="2"|sensa ya mwaka wa 1999 |} == Usafiri == Kituo cha reli cha Dagoretti kiko kwenye mstari wa mfumo wa reli ya kitaifa. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/5/Dagoretti.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 177m (alama nyekundu ni reli)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/5/Dagoretti.html |date=20081118073142 }} {{coord|01|18|00|S| 36|46|00|E|display=title}} {{Kenya-geo-stub}} [[Jamii:Mitaa ya Nairobi]] 7qv0lv6fyduuvvel352l9fwradxzixm 0 64486 1582202 997367 2026-07-27T20:25:39Z Muddyb 379 Kub 1582202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kidagbani''' au '''''Kidagbanli''''' ni [[Lugha za Kigur|lugha ya Kigur]] inayozungumzwa nchini [[Ghana]] na kaskazini mwa [[Togo]]. Ina takriban wasemaji wa asili milioni 1.17.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking the Low-Resource Barrier for Dagbani ASR: From Data Collection to ASR Modeling |url=https://openreview.net/pdf?id=lje9lI9zV8}}</ref> Kidagbani ndiyo lugha inayozungumzwa zaidi katika nusu ya kaskazini ya Ghana, ikijumuisha miongoni mwa jamii kadhaa zisizokuwa na mfumo wa utawala wa kati ambazo kihistoria zilikuwa chini ya mamlaka ya Mfalme wa Dagbaŋ, aliyejulikana kama ''[[Ya-Na|Yaa-Naa]]''. Dagbaŋ, iliyopo katika [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana|Mkoa wa Kaskazini wa Ghana]], inachukuliwa kuwa ufalme wa kitamaduni wa zamani zaidi nchini humo, na Yaa-Naa anahudumu kama kiongozi mkuu wa kimila, akisimamia jamii mbalimbali katika eneo la Dagbaŋ. Kidagbani kinaelewana kwa karibu na [[Kimampruli]] na kinahusiana kwa karibu na [[Kinabit]], [[Kitalni]], [[Kikamara]], [[Kikantosi]], na [[Kihanga]], ambazo pia zinazungumzwa katika mikoa ya Kaskazini, Kaskazini Mashariki, [[Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu|Mashariki ya Juu]], na [[Mkoa wa Savannah]]. Pia kinahusiana na wanachama wengine wa kundi dogo hilo hilo wanaozungumzwa katika mikoa mingine, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Kidagaare]] na [[Kiwali (Gur)|Kiwali]], zinazozungumzwa katika [[Mkoa wa Magharibi ya Juu]] wa Ghana, pamoja na [[Kifrafra]] na [[Kikusaal]], zinazozungumzwa katika Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu wa nchi hiyo.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gur|last=Naden|first=Tony|date=1989|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, MD|pages=141–168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Niger-Congo Languages|last=Bendor-Samuel|first=John T.|date=1989|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, MD}}</ref> Nchini Togo, Kidagbani kinazungumzwa katika [[Mkoa wa Savanes, Togo|Mkoa wa Savanes]] mpakani mwa Ghana. == Etimolojia na majina == Jina ''Dagbani'' ndilo linalotumiwa zaidi katika Kiingereza, likitokana na kipindi cha ukoloni na wamisionari. Tahajia hizi za Kiingereza zilikubaliwa na mfumo wa elimu wa Ghana pamoja na Baraza la Lugha za Ghana (Bureau of Ghana Languages). Katika lugha yenyewe inaitwa ''Dagbanli'': ''Dagbamba'' inarejelea watu, ''Dagbanli'' inarejelea lugha, na ''Dagbaŋ'' inarejelea nchi au eneo. Kiambishi tamati ''‑li'', kinachotumiwa kuunda majina ya lugha, ni cha kawaida katika [[Lugha za Mabia]].<ref>*[http://mabia-vp.com/tiki-index.php?page=Welcome! The VP-periphery in Mabia languages]</ref> == Lugha za mitaa == Kidagbani kina lahaja kuu mbili: Kidagbani cha Mashariki (Nayahali), chenye kitovu chake katika mji mkuu wa kitamaduni wa [[Yendi]] (Naya), na Kidagbani cha Magharibi (Tomosili), chenye kitovu chake katika mji mkuu wa kiutawala wa Mkoa wa Kaskazini, [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]. Hata hivyo, lahaja hizi zinaelewana vizuri, na tofauti zake kuu ni matumizi ya [[Aina za irabu|irabu za mizizi]] katika baadhi ya [[Bokaa|maneno]], pamoja na aina au matamshi tofauti ya baadhi ya nomino, hasa zile zinazorejelea mimea ya eneo hilo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://multitree.org/codes/dag lugha ya Kidagbani kwenye Multitree] *[http://www.language-archives.org/language/dag makala za OLAC kuhusu Kidagbani] *[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dagb1246 lugha ya Kidagbani katika Glottolog] *http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dag {{mbegu-lugha}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dagbani}} [[Jamii:Lugha za Ghana]] c7wnp8euor0736ptvv3223ylvdzjwc2 1582212 1582202 2026-07-27T22:23:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kidagbani''' au '''''Kidagbanli''''' ni [[Lugha za Kigur|lugha ya Kigur]] inayozungumzwa nchini [[Ghana]] na kaskazini mwa [[Togo]]. Ina takriban wasemaji wa asili milioni 1.17.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Breaking the Low-Resource Barrier for Dagbani ASR: From Data Collection to ASR Modeling |url=https://openreview.net/pdf?id=lje9lI9zV8}}</ref> Kidagbani ndiyo lugha inayozungumzwa zaidi katika nusu ya kaskazini ya Ghana, ikijumuisha miongoni mwa jamii kadhaa zisizokuwa na mfumo wa utawala wa kati ambazo kihistoria zilikuwa chini ya mamlaka ya Mfalme wa Dagbaŋ, aliyejulikana kama ''[[Ya-Na|Yaa-Naa]]''. Dagbaŋ, iliyopo katika [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana|Mkoa wa Kaskazini wa Ghana]], inachukuliwa kuwa ufalme wa kitamaduni wa zamani zaidi nchini humo, na Yaa-Naa anahudumu kama kiongozi mkuu wa kimila, akisimamia jamii mbalimbali katika eneo la Dagbaŋ. Kidagbani kinaelewana kwa karibu na [[Kimampruli]] na kinahusiana kwa karibu na [[Kinabit]], [[Kitalni]], [[Kikamara]], [[Kikantosi]], na [[Kihanga]], ambazo pia zinazungumzwa katika mikoa ya Kaskazini, Kaskazini Mashariki, [[Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu|Mashariki ya Juu]], na [[Mkoa wa Savannah]]. Pia kinahusiana na wanachama wengine wa kundi dogo hilo hilo wanaozungumzwa katika mikoa mingine, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Kidagaare]] na [[Kiwali (Gur)|Kiwali]], zinazozungumzwa katika [[Mkoa wa Magharibi ya Juu]] wa Ghana, pamoja na [[Kifrafra]] na [[Kikusaal]], zinazozungumzwa katika Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu wa nchi hiyo.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gur|last=Naden|first=Tony|date=1989|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, MD|pages=141–168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Niger-Congo Languages|last=Bendor-Samuel|first=John T.|date=1989|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, MD}}</ref> Nchini Togo, Kidagbani kinazungumzwa katika [[Mkoa wa Savanes, Togo|Mkoa wa Savanes]] mpakani mwa Ghana. == Etimolojia na majina == Jina ''Dagbani'' ndilo linalotumiwa zaidi katika Kiingereza, likitokana na kipindi cha ukoloni na wamisionari. Tahajia hizi za Kiingereza zilikubaliwa na mfumo wa elimu wa Ghana pamoja na Baraza la Lugha za Ghana (Bureau of Ghana Languages). Katika lugha yenyewe inaitwa ''Dagbanli'': ''Dagbamba'' inarejelea watu, ''Dagbanli'' inarejelea lugha, na ''Dagbaŋ'' inarejelea nchi au eneo. Kiambishi tamati ''‑li'', kinachotumiwa kuunda majina ya lugha, ni cha kawaida katika [[Lugha za Mabia]].<ref>*[http://mabia-vp.com/tiki-index.php?page=Welcome! The VP-periphery in Mabia languages]</ref> == Lugha za mitaa == Kidagbani kina lahaja kuu mbili: Kidagbani cha Mashariki (Nayahali), chenye kitovu chake katika mji mkuu wa kitamaduni wa [[Yendi]] (Naya), na Kidagbani cha Magharibi (Tomosili), chenye kitovu chake katika mji mkuu wa kiutawala wa Mkoa wa Kaskazini, [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]. Hata hivyo, lahaja hizi zinaelewana vizuri, na tofauti zake kuu ni matumizi ya [[Aina za irabu|irabu za mizizi]] katika baadhi ya [[Bokaa|maneno]], pamoja na aina au matamshi tofauti ya baadhi ya nomino, hasa zile zinazorejelea mimea ya eneo hilo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://multitree.org/codes/dag lugha ya Kidagbani kwenye Multitree] *[http://www.language-archives.org/language/dag makala za OLAC kuhusu Kidagbani] *[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dagb1246 lugha ya Kidagbani katika Glottolog] *http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dag {{mbegu-lugha}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dagbani}} [[Jamii:Lugha za Ghana]] j6op7o11uxgluz4ioa97446l792irby 0 67326 1582214 1528960 2026-07-27T22:43:49Z Dostojewskij 18883 Jamii:Watu kutoka Moscow 1582214 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Russia stamp V.Vysotsky 1999 2r.jpg|thumb|Stempu ya posta ya [[Urusi]] inayomwonyesha Vladimir Vysotsky mwaka 1999]] '''Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky''' ([[25 Januari]] [[1938]] – [[25 Julai]] [[1980]]) alikuwa mwimbaji, mwanashairi na mwigizaji katika [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]]. Hakukubaliwa na serikali ya siku zake lakini malipendwa sana na watu na hadi leo ana athiri kubwa juu ya wanasanii nchini [[Urusi]]. Babake alikuwa mwanajeshi Mrusi wa Kiyahudi, mamake Mrusi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.interesniy.kiev.ua/old/7137/7143/8216/vysotskiy |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2012-12-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908093643/http://www.interesniy.kiev.ua/old/7137/7143/8216/vysotskiy |archivedate=2009-09-08 }}</ref> Tangu utoto aliwashangaza watu wengine kwa uwezo wake kutunga shairi mara moja, kufanya maigizo na kuimba. Aliimba tofauti na wote wengine wa siku zake na hakukubali kubanwa na mamlaka ya serikali juu ya utamaduni na sanaa. Aligusa pia mada ambazo hazikukubaliwa na mamlaka ya sanaa ingawa zilikuwa matatizo halisi katika jamii kama vile uhaini, chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi na ukahaba. Nyimbo nyingi hazikupewa nafasi katika redio au kwenye rekodi za makampuni rasmi kwa hiyo wasikilizaji wake walirekodi wenyewe alipoimba na kusambaza nyimbo kati yao wenyewe kwa njia ya [[samisdat]]. Alikuwa pia mwigizaji katika filamu nyingi. <gallery> File:Vladimir Vysotsky.jpg File:Vysotsky-B.Karetny15(5).jpg Могила Владимира Высоцкого в 1983 году.jpg Памятник Высоцкому в Симферополе.jpg|[[Krim]], Simferopol V Visotskiy monument in Novosibirsk.jpg|[[Urusi]], Novosibirsk Пам’ятник актору В. Висоцькому.jpg|[[Ukraine]], Odessa </gallery> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{commonscat|Vladimir Vysotsky}} * [http://www.wysotsky.com/ Songs of Vladimir Vysotsky translated into different languages] {{DEFAULTSORT:Vysotsky, Vladimir}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Category:waliofariki 1980]] [[Category:Wasanii wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Moscow]] 8j86vb72u6c5e6nsppgd6t1m0bnvoxe 0 88843 1582164 1534479 2026-07-27T16:34:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Saint Balbina.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Sanamu]] yake ni mojawapo kati ya 140 zilizopo juu ya [[nguzo]] zinazozunguka [[uwanja wa Mt. Petro]], [[Vatikano]].]] [[File:Santa balbina.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Basilika]] la Mt. Balbina [[Mji|mjini]] Roma.]] '''Balbina wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[130]] hivi) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[Roma ya Kale]] anayeheshimiwa na [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mengi kama [[mtakatifu]] mwenye sifa za [[bikira]] na [[mfiadini]].<ref>Acta SS., Maii, I, 367 sqq.</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/47950</ref>. [[Baba]] yake pia, [[askari]] [[Kwirino wa Roma]], alifia [[dini]] na anaheshimiwa kama mtakatifu<ref>Dufourcq, loc. cit., 175</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/balbina1| title = Den katolske kirke — Den hellige Balbina av Roma ( -~130)|publisher=Katolsk.no|accessdate=1 December 2014}}</ref>, hasa tarehe [[30 Aprili]]. [[Sikukuu]] ya Balbina huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[31 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216a.htm St. Balbina] at the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] *[http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-balbina-of-rome/ Saint Profile: Saint Balbina of Rome] *[http://www.metmuseum.org/collections/search-the-collections/468720?img=0 The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Reliquary Bust containing the skull of Saint Balbina] *{{cs icon}} [http://www.abcsvatych.com/mesice/3/brezen31.htm Blahoslavená Balbína] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abcsvatych.com/mesice/3/brezen31.htm |date=20160804082820 }} *{{no icon}} [http://www.katolsk.no/biografier/historisk/balbina1 Den hellige Balbina av Roma] *{{it icon}} [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92135 San Quirino] *[http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%20Balbina-13/StBalbina.htm Colonnade Statue St Peter's Square] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balbina}} [[Category:Waliofariki 130]] [[Category:Mabikira]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 2xtizzj5rl9dbxgnc22fm0vkm8d8jvm 0 88885 1582143 1582044 2026-07-27T14:52:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Insalata.jpg|thumb|Aina ya kachumbari isiyopikwa.]] '''Kachumbari''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kihindi]] ''cachumber''); ni [[kitoweo]] au mlo wa mchanganyiko usiyopikwa wa viungo kama [[pilipili]], [[chumvi]] na [[mboga]] na [[matunda]] mbalimbali kama [[nyanya]], [[vitunguu]], [[kabichi]], [[Tango|matango]], [[nanasi]], [[parachichi]] n.k. Aina tofauti za kachumbari zinaweza kupatikana nchini [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Burundi]] na katika nchi za Kusini mwa Afrika za Malawi na Kongo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Benton|first=G. A.|title=Restaurant review: Riziki Swahili Grill takes patrons on a tasty culinary trip to Africa|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/lifestyle/2021/03/17/riziki-swahili-grill-tasty-culinary-trip-africa-northland-columbus/6946782002/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US}}</ref> Mara nyingi hutumika pamoja na [[pilau]], [[wali]], [[nyama choma]] n.k. ili kuongeza [[ladha]] ya [[chakula]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Forget Caprese—This 5-Ingredient Tomato Salad Deserves the Spotlight|url=https://www.seriouseats.com/east-african-tomato-salad-recipe-11790875|work=Serious Eats|language=en|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref> Kachumbari ni maarufu sana katika eneo lote la [[Nchi za Maziwa Makuu]] na inaweza kuliwa na pilau ya Kiafrika na ''biryani'' ya Kiafrika: * Katika nchi za [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] na [[mashariki]] mwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] huitwa Kachumbari.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=OINmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Foods of Kenya|last=Sheen|first=Barbara|date=2010-04-02|publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC|isbn=978-0-7377-4813-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Restaurant review: Riziki Swahili Grill takes patrons on a tasty culinary trip to Africa|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/lifestyle/2021/03/17/riziki-swahili-grill-tasty-culinary-trip-africa-northland-columbus/6946782002/|work=The Columbus Dispatch|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en-US|author=G. A. Benton}}</ref> * Nchini [[Malawi]] huitwa 'Sumu' au 'Shum' au [[saladi]] ya nyanya na vitunguu. == Matumizi == Kachumbari hutumika kama kitoweo cha kando cha mlo mkuu. Nchini Kenya, hutumika kama kitoweo kinachoandaliwa na ''pilau'' ( [[pilau]] ), <ref name="Bala">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Bala|first=Nithu|title=Kachumbari - East African Salad|url=https://www.nithubala.com/2010/04/kachumbari-eastern-african-salad.html|publisher=nithubala.com|accessdate=24 July 2012}}</ref> [[mukimo]], <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Recipe: Mukimo|url=http://www.africancook.co.ke/mukimo/|work=African Cook|accessdate=2012-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623013608/http://africancook.co.ke/mukimo/|archivedate=2012-06-23}}</ref> au mlo wa ''nyama choma'' (nyama iliyochomwa) na ''[[ugali]]''. Nchini Tanzania, huliwa na wali, pilau au ''biryani'' . Nchini Malawi, kwa kawaida huliwa peke yake kama kilivyo, nchini Uganda kwa kawaida huliwa na ''nyama choma'' . == Tofauti == Viungo vingine, kama vile ndimu au maji ya limau, daniya mbichi, parachichi, au tango, na katika baadhi ya matukio gin huongezewa mvinyo, ambao huweza kuongezwa. Baadhi ya maandalizi pia huhitaji pilipili hoho ama pilipili mbichi iliyosagwa. <ref name="Bala">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Bala|first=Nithu|title=Kachumbari - East African Salad|url=https://www.nithubala.com/2010/04/kachumbari-eastern-african-salad.html|publisher=nithubala.com|accessdate=24 July 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.congocookbook.com/vegetable_and_side_dish_recipes/kachumbari.html Jinsi ya kuandaa kachumbari] {{Wayback|url=http://www.congocookbook.com/vegetable_and_side_dish_recipes/kachumbari.html |date=20180726014635 }} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] a8vi4m9a1cgzjdamvblp80ul1sgepkb 3 89634 1582188 1580872 2026-07-27T18:50:13Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-31 */ mjadala mpya 1582188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. 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Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:11, 25 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2024%2FAnnouncement+%E2%80%93+results&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-17. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:16, 10 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Community+Affairs+Committee%2FProcedure+for+Sibling+Project+Lifecycle%2FInvitation+for+feedback+%28MM%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-22. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:38, 21 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Board+of+Trustees&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:15, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Movement Charter draft == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Movement Charter draft|Template:Movement Charter draft]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AMovement+Charter+draft&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-06-11. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:41, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> : done '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:30, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Translation notification: Movement Charter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Movement+Charter&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:31, 12 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal|Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+LGBT%2B%2FPortal&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:03, 30 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+elections%2F2024%2FVoter+eligibility+guidelines&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:43, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Strategy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Strategy|Strategy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Strategy&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:27, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Shortcut == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Shortcut|Meta:Shortcut]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AShortcut&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 15:31, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:04, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Blue button|Template:Blue button]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ABlue+button&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:12, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:User groups == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:User groups|Template:User groups]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AUser+groups&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:59, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Guideline == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Guideline|Template:Guideline]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AGuideline&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation website|Wikimedia Foundation website]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+website&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 00:28, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:17, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> ==Demo== Ndugu, makala ulizoanzisha kama kielelezo hazina ubora hata kidogo. Mkifundisha hivi, tutapata kurasa za kapuni. Naomba muangalie vizuri. Amina kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Tayari makala mbovu zimeshaanza kumiminika. Tafadhali, mwazuie haraka!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:43, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa kabisa tutachukua hatua kuanzia leo, kulikua na tatizo kidogo wakati wa mafunzo umeme ulikatika kabla hatuja waeleza vyote '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:37, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Translation notification: Global locks == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global locks|Global locks]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+locks&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 01:45, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:57, 6 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:12, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:47, 21 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> 77haev6ps4bbrsjy2ccymhk0sk77v6c 4 124633 1582242 1301729 2026-07-28T09:54:45Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]]: Hii si makala bali mradi. Hivyo inapaswa kuwa katika ukurasa wa mradi. 1301434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kikundi cha Watumiaji cha Jamii cha Wikimedia Tanzania''' ni kikundi cha watumiaji wanaotambuliwa rasmi wa miradi ya [[Wikimedia]] ambao wamekuwa wakikutana jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] tangu Januari 2016 wakihudumia kupanua ufikiaji wa shughuli za Wikimedia nchini. Kusudi la kikundi hiki ni kuanzisha uwepo wa Harakati ya Wikimedia nchini Tanzania na pia kujenga uhamasishaji wa miradi ya Wikimedia kwa watanzania, kuhariri na kuongeza yaliyomo kwenye miradi ya Wikimedia kwenye SwahiliWiki (swwiki) na KiingerezaWiki (enwiki). Pia kikundi hufanya kazi ya kuajiri na kuwapa mafunzo watu jinsi ya kuwa sehemu ya Wikimedia kupitia uhariri na kuongeza yaliyomo kwenye Wikipedia na miradi ya dada yake. Kikundi kinashughulika na wikis wa Kiswahili na Kiingereza kwa kuzingatia sana Wiki ya Kiswahili. Kikundi pia kinachukua jukumu la kukaribisha hafla tofauti kama vile Hackathons na Warsha ambazo zinatafuta kupanua na kuboresha ufikiaji wa miradi ya Wikimedia kwa watanzania na mahali pengine inapohitajika. [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] 66vaisyki15s86qxk5x39vwynxklb79 0 124711 1582173 1464523 2026-07-27T17:31:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Berkelium metal.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Berkeli]] '''Berkeli''' ''(Berkelium)'' ni [[Elementi za kikemia|elementi ya kikemia]] yenye [[alama]] '''Bk''' na [[namba atomia]] 97. Ni [[metali]] [[nururifu]] iliyopangwa katika [[kundi]] la [[aktinidi]] kwenye [[mfumo radidia]]. Berkeli haipatikani kiasili, ni [[elementi sintetiki]]. Ilitengenezwa mara ya kwanza kwenye [[mwaka]] [[1949]] na [[wanasayansi]] katika [[maabara]] ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kalifornia]] mjini [[Berkeley]] na kupokea [[jina]] la [[mji]] huo. Ilipatikana baada ya kufyatulia [[chembe alfa]] kwa [[Ameriki|atomi za Ameriki]]. Berkeli ni haba sana, kiasi chote kilichotengenezwa tangu mwaka 1949 ni kama [[gramu]] 1. Haina matumizi nje ya [[utafiti]] wa kisayansi. == Marejeo == * [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/97.html Maabara ya Kitaifa ya Los Alamos - Berkelium] {{Wayback|url=http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/97.html |date=20060929005803 }} * [http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele097.html Ni ya kwanza - Berkelium] {{Wayback|url=http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele097.html |date=20070723223200 }} == Tovuti nyingine == * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Bk/index.html WebElements.com - Berkelium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Bk/index.html |date=20061110035701 }} {{mbegu-kemia}} [[Jamii:Aktinidi]] [[Jamii:Elementi sintetiki]] m4mkdvj4i9ijpxvgbbfp4fr9f8ms2a3 0 133714 1582204 1431529 2026-07-27T20:34:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Animalstrees.jpg|right|150pxl|thumb|Shirika la Ndege la Uingereza likiwa na nakshi kutoka kwenye moja ya michoro ya Cg'ose Ntcox'o.]] '''Cg'ose Ntcox'o''' ([[1950]] hivi - [[6 Oktoba]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[Wasanii|msanii]] wa [[kabila]] la Ncoakhoe la [[Wasan]]<ref name="Jarvis2016">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Paul Jarvis| title = Mapping the Airways|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SU0dDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT64| date = 15 Aprili 2016|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-5465-2|pages=64–}}</ref> mzaliwa wa mkoa wa [[Ghanzi]] huko [[Botswana]]. Alikuwa mshiriki wa Mradi wa Sanaa wa Kuru. <ref name="newbloodart.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://newbloodart.com/blog/in-tribute-to-san-artist-cg%C2%92ose-ntcox%C2%92o-who-died-at-the-weekend/|title=In memory of San artist Cg’ose Ntcox’o (Cgoise) who died at the weekend.|website=newbloodart.com|accessdate=7 September 2018|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926092242/https://newbloodart.com/blog/in-tribute-to-san-artist-cg%C2%92ose-ntcox%C2%92o-who-died-at-the-weekend/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kazi yake ilionyeshwa kwenye ukumbi wa sanaa huko [[London]] na kuonekana na wawakilishi wa British Airways, ambao waliamua kununua moja ya vipande vyake na kuitumia kama msingi wa muundo katika mpango wao [[Shirika la Ndege la Briteni]]. Mwakilishi wa shirika la ndege alisafiri kwenda Afrika kumuona; katika kumwambia, alikabidhiwa "kipande cha karatasi na kuambiwa ... tengeneza msalaba". Licha ya ukweli kwamba alikuwa hajui kusoma na kuandika, shughuli hii ilionekana kuwa ya lazima na imesababisha kuhamisha haki kwa kazi yake.<ref name="May2013">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Christopher May| title = The Global Political Economy of Intellectual Property Rights: The New Enclosures?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OURGAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA156| date = 8 Oktoba 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-36117-3|pages=156–}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://mg.co.za/article/1998-07-17-for-the-price-of-seven-cows| title = For the price of seven cows|author=Staff Reporter|publisher=|accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> Katika maisha Ntcox'o alichukuliwa na msanii mwenzake Coex'ae Qgam, ambaye aliishi naye hadi kifo cha marehemu. Ntcox'o mwenyewe alikufa kwa kiharusi,<ref name="newbloodart.com"/> leaving almost no estate.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/famed-mosarwa-artist-died-dirt-poor| title = Famed Mosarwa artist died dirt-poor &#124; Sunday Standard|website=www.sundaystandard.info|accessdate=Jun 3, 2019}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] [[jamii:Watu wa Botswana]] [[jamii:Wanawake wa Botswana]] 5zawysv6yqna6ecohtomdcnlzt7hpeg 0 134479 1582211 1159321 2026-07-27T21:36:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christine Fellows Playing Keyboard.jpg|thumb|right|Christine Fellows akicheza [[kinanda]] kwa The Weakerthans katika The Bottletree [[Birmingham]], AL. (2008)]] '''Christine Fellows''' (amezaliwa [[1968]]) ni [[Mkanada]] [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[nyimbo]] kutoka [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]].<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/christine-fellows-mn0000412977/biography</ref> <ref>http://www.artsforall.ca/index.php/AFA/article/christine_fellows</ref> ==Historia== Amezaliwa [[Windsor, Ontario]] na kukulia [[Ufaransa]] na [[Kelowna]], [[British Kolumbia]]. Fellows aliishi [[Toronto]], [[Vancouver]], Gulph na [[Montreal]] kabla ya kuhamia [[Winnipeg]] mwaka 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Christine+Fellows/+wiki |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-04-11 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420142539/https://www.last.fm/music/Christine%20Fellows/%20wiki |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mnamo 1992, aliunda [[kikundi]] chake cha kwanza, Helen, pamoja na Barry Mirochnick, Paul James, na Chang. Helen alijiengua mwaka 1995, na mwaka 1996 Fellows alijiunga na mwimbaji - mwandishi wa nyimbo Keri McTighe. Barry Mirochnick, Keith McLeod Peggy Messing, kuunda Special Fancy. Kundi lilitoa albamu moja, ''King Me''. Mnamo 2000 Fellows alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza, ''2 Little Birds''. Hii ilifuatiwa na ''The Last One Standing'' mwaka 2002, ''Paper Anniversary'' mwaka 2005, na ''Nevertheless'' mwaka 2007. Albamu hizi amewashirikisha Leanne Zacharias ("cello"), Jason Tait (ngoma, “vibraphone”), Barry Mirochnick (noma, sauti), John K. Samson ([[sauti]], [[gitaa]]), Keith McLead (“mandolin”), Monica Guenter (“viola”), Greg Smith ([[besi]]), Ed Reifei (“percussion”) na Cristina Zacharias ([[violini]]). Fellows ametumbuiza pamoja na Rheostatics, Veda Hille, The Mountain Goals, Kim Barlow, Martin Tielli, Old Man Ludecke na The Weakerthans. Ameolewa na [[kiongozi]] mwimbaji wa The Weakerthans, John K. Samson.<ref>[http://discorder.ca/discorder-magazine/index.php/2009/12/04/john-samson-and-christine-fellows/ "John K. Samson and Christine Fellows"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928223059/http://discorder.ca/discorder-magazine/index.php/2009/12/04/john-samson-and-christine-fellows/ |date=2 September 2011}}. ''[[Discorder]]'', 4 December 2009.</ref> Mnamo 2006, Fellows na Samson walirekodi The Old House, na albamu ilikuwa kama [[zawadi]] ya [[krismasi]] kwa marafiki na [[familia]], ingawa walitoa [[nyimbo]] mbili, ''“Taps Reversed”'' na ''“Good Salvage”'', kupigwa CBC Radio 3 mwaka 2007 mwanzoni. Fellows pia hutunga [[muziki]] kwa [[dansi]], filamu, na [[televisheni]]. Mnamo 2007, aliandika nyimbo kadhaa kwa ajili ya vipande vya [[dansi]] kuchezwa na [[mchezaji]] Susie Burpee; Baadae vilijumuishwa kwenye albamu yake binafsi, ''Nevertheless'', ambayo ilitolewa 6 Novemba 2007. Fellows amefanya [[ziara]] kama mwanachama wa Pan-Canadian New Folk Ensemble pamoja na Kim Barlow na Old Man Luedecke,<ref>[https://archive.today/20120918232257/http://www.vueweekly.com/article.php?id=10042 "The Pan-Canadian New Folk Ensemble Fall Tour 2008"] ''[[Vue Weekly]]'', 23 October 2008.</ref> na waga anashirikiana na [[msanii]] Shary Boyle. Alikuwa msanii mwenyeji katika ''Le Musée de Saint-Boniface Museum'' huko Winnipeg mwaka 2009. [[Studio albamu]] yake ya tano, ''Femme de chez nous'' inajumuisha filamu / DVD ya onyesho [[mubashara]] ya [[Septemba]] 2009 ''Premiere of Reliquary/Reliquaire'' kazi aliyoitengeza kwa ajili ya [[makumbusho]].<ref>[http://www.christinefellows.com/ Christine Fellows]</ref> Mnamo 2011, Samson, Fellows na Sandro Perri walishiriki kwenye [[Mradi]] wa Hifadhi za [[Taifa]] (National Parks Project ), akifanya [[kazi]] pamoja na [[mtayarishaji]] filamu Daniel Cockburn kutayarisha filamu fupi kuhusu Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Bruce Peninsula (Bruce Peninsula National Park).<ref>[http://exclaim.ca/MusicVideo/ClickHear/john_k_samson_christine_fellows_sandro_perri-bruce_beckons_national_parks_project_video "John K. Samson, Christine Fellows and Sandro Perri "Bruce Beckons" (National Parks Project) (video)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126155601/http://exclaim.ca/MusicVideo/ClickHear/john_k_samson_christine_fellows_sandro_perri-bruce_beckons_national_parks_project_video |date=2 November 2013}}. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', 17 May 2011.</ref> Pia alikuwa mbunifu wa [[sauti]] kwa "documentary" ya [[tovuti]] ''God’s Lake Narrows'' ya [[bodi]] ya taifa ya filamu ya [[Kanada]] (National Film Board of Canada).<ref name=scene>{{cite news|title=Winnipeg artist Kevin Lee Burton shares surprising glimpse of his hometown|url=http://www.cbc.ca/manitoba/scene/other/2011/06/25/winnipeg-artist-kevin-lee-burton-shares-surprising-glimpse-into-his-hometown/|accessdate=12 January 2012|newspaper=CBC Manitoba|date=25 June 2011}}</ref> Albamu yake ya mwaka 2014 Burning Daylight ilitolewa kwa pamoja na mkusanyiko wa [[ushairi]] wa jina lile lile.<ref>[http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/entertainment/music/slow-burn-276421851.html "Christine Fellows' latest work evolved from album to multimedia art project"]. ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'', 23 September 2014.</ref> Kwa sasa ni [[profesa]] msaidizi wa [[programu]] za uandishi bunifu za [[chuo]] cha British Kolumbia (University of British Columbia). Hivi karibuni, Samsoni, Fellows, Ashley Au na Jason Tait walishirikiana katika muziki kwa For the Turnstiles, onyesho la dansi na kundi la Winnipeg Contemporary Dancers waliohamasishwa na albamu ya ''On the Beach'' ya Neil Young ya mwaka 1974.<ref>[http://exclaim.ca/Music/article/john_k_samson_scoring_neil_young-inspired_project_in_winnipeg "John K. Samson Scores Neil Young-Inspired Project in Winnipeg"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', 29 April 2015.</ref> Mnamo 2016, Fellows na Tit walishirikiana kutayarisha albamu binafsi mpya ya Samson Winter Wheat.<ref>[http://exclaim.ca/music/article/john_k_samson_returns_with_winter_wheat_solo_lp_shares_new_single "John K. Samson Returns with 'Winter Wheat' Solo LP, Shares New Single"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', 15 August 2016.</ref> ==Diskografia== * 2000: ''2 Little Birds'' (Endearing Records) * 2002: ''The Last One Standing'' (Six Shooter) * 2005: ''Paper Anniversary (albamu) (Six Shooter) * 2007: ''[[Nevertheless (albamu)'' (Six Shooter) * 2011: ''Femmes de chez nous'' (Six Shooter) * 2014: ''Burning Daylight'' * 2018: ''Roses on the Vine'' ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.christinefellows.com/ Christine Fellows] {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] b4uh47mt1ealcokwf3e5r1xvjh4vi5j 0 136201 1582203 1451743 2026-07-27T20:31:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Celeste Headlee | image = | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Celeste Headlee | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 30 December 1969 | mahala pa kuzaliwa = Marekani | tarehe ya kufa = | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = mtangazaji wa redio | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = | academyawards = | afiawards = | arielaward = | baftaawards = | bfjaawards = | cesarawards = | emmyawards = | filmfareawards = | geminiawards = | goldencalfawards = | goldenglobeawards = | goldenraspberryawards = | goyaawards = | grammyawards = | iftaawards = | laurenceolivierawards = | naacpimageawards = | nationalfilmawards = | sagawards = | tonyawards = | awards = }} [[Picha:Celeste Headlee, co-host of The Takeaway, April, 2012.jpg|thumb|Celeste Headlee mnamo mwaka 2012]] '''Celeste Headlee''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 30]], [[1969]]) ni mtangazaji wa redio, mwandishi wa majarida mbalimbali, mzungumzaji kwenye hadhara tofauti nchini [[Marekani]]. Akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 20, katika [[kazi]] zake za utangazaji wa redio, alikuwa ameshawahi kufanya kipindi mfululizo na [[shirika]] kubwa la utangazaji wa umma la Georgia kijulikanacho kama, "On Second though"<ref>{{Rejea tovuti | title = About Celeste Headlee|url=https://celesteheadlee.com/about-celeste-headlee/ |website=Celeste Headlee |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.gpb.org/news/2018/04/09/virginia-prescott-named-new-host-of-gpb-radios-on-second-thought| title = Virginia Prescott Named New Host of GPB Radio's "On Second Thought"| date = Aprili 9, 2018|website=Georgia Public Broadcasting|accessdate=December 28, 2018}}</ref> na kuwa mwenyeji wa kipindi cha asubuhi cha taifa kijulikanacho kama , "The takeaway". Kabla ya mwaka 2009, aliwahi kuwa mwandishi wa midwest cha NPR ''siku baada ya siku'' na kuwa mwenyeji wa mtiririko wa vipindi vya wiki katika maonyesho ya Radio ya taifa ya Dertroit. Pia Headlee ni mwandishi wa kitabu "We Need to Talk: How to Have Conversation That Matter" (Harper Wave, September 19, 2017). ==Maisha ya Awali== Celeste Headlee alizaliwa mwezi Desemba 30, 1969 [[Whittier, California]], akiwa binti wa Judith Anne Still, mwandishi, na Larry Headlee, akiwa mtaalamu wa miamba ya majini. baba yake akiwa na asili ya bara la ulaya. Bibi na babu zake wakiwa watunzi William Grant Still na mcheza kinanda Verna Arvey. Babu yake akiwa na asili ya Marekani mweusi na bibi yake akiwa na asili ya Myahudi Mrusi.<ref>gpb.org [http://www.gpb.org/blogs/on-second-thought/2015/05/20/im-black-im-white-im-both-im-neither On Second Thought] May 20, 2015</ref> Headlee alihitimu katika [[chuo]] cha Northern Arizona University (NAU) na kupata shahada ya uzamili ya utumbuizaji wa sauti katika chuo kikuu cha Michigan.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://azdailysun.com/entertainment/going-retro-celeste-headlee-who-got-her-start-in-flagstaff/article_3e63e117-6677-5454-b3cf-e42d650e9461.html| title = Going 'Retro': Celeste Headlee, who got her start in Flagstaff, to co-host PBS show|last=McManis|first=Sam| date = 6 Oktoba 2019|website=Arizona Daily Sun|language=en|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> ==Kazi za Uandishi== Headlee alianza kazi yake kama mtangazaji wa habari na mwandishi katika kituo cha redio cha taifa cha Arizona KNAU katika jiji la Flagstaff mnamo mwaka 1999<ref name="africlassical.blogspot.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://africlassical.blogspot.com/2012/01/a2schoolsorg-pri-co-host-celeste.html| title = A2Schools.org: PRI Co-Host Celeste Headlee, Conductor John McLaughlin Williams & Singer Daniel Washington in Ann Arbor Jan. 13|last=Zick|first=William J.| date = Januari 16, 2012|website=Africlassical|accessdate=December 28, 2018}}</ref> na kuaza kusikika rasmi katika Redio stesheni jijini Longstaff KVNA. Mnamo mwaka 2001, alikuja kuwa mtangazaji na mwandishi wa habari wa redio WDET-FM, Radio ya umma ya Detroit, akiwa mwenyeji wa kila wiki liitwalo ''Front Row Center''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://environmentreport.org/| title = Thanks for visiting the Environment Report's home page.|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archive-date=2021-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529112754/https://environmentreport.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.michiguide.com/archives2006/2006/05/metro-detroit-newsmakers-may-4.html| title = Metro Detroit: Newsmakers May 4, 2006 – Michiguide.com 2006 News Archives|website=michiguide.com|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053523/http://www.michiguide.com/archives2006/2006/05/metro-detroit-newsmakers-may-4.html}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2006 alianza kufanya kazi na Redio ya taifa (National Public Radio), kutengeneza hadithi, kutangaza habari za punde, na kuzalisha ushirikiano wa muda mrefu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.npr.org/search?query=celeste+headlee| title = NPR Search : NPR|publisher=NPR|accessdate=December 28, 2018}}</ref> Headlee was the Midwest Correspondent for NPR's ''Day to Day'' na habari zake kurushwa na NPR, Public Radio International, mtandao wa Pacifica , Great Lakes Radio Consortium, na Habari za kitaifa za asili.<ref>[http://www.pri.org/about/press-releases/new-cohost-takeaway1611.html ''The Takeaway''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614033208/http://www.pri.org/about/press-releases/new-cohost-takeaway1611.html |date=June 14, 2012 }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2009 mpaka [[Agosti]] [[2012]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://twitter.com/CelesteHeadlee/status/238341577460826112| title = @silouette74 I left the Takeaway – my last day was Friday.|first=Celeste|last=Headlee| date = Agosti 22, 2012|accessdate=December 28, 2018}}{{Primary source inline|date=March 2020}}</ref> Headlee alikuwa mwenyeji (akishirikiana na John Hockenberry) wa ''The Takeaway'',kutangaza taarifa ya habari ya Taifa mubashara ikiwa imezalishwa na Public Radio International<ref>[http://www.pri.org/celeste-headlee-bio.html PRI bio.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311151440/http://www.pri.org/celeste-headlee-bio.html |date=March 11, 2012 }}</ref> na WNYC [[New York]]. Mnamo Desemba 2017, alionekana kama mmoja wa wanawake waanzilishi wa ''Takeaway'' mwenyeji mkuu alieacha kipidi kutokana na kuchukizwa na unyanyasaji na kutoheshimika na Hockenberry.<ref name="Kim2017">{{Rejea habari|last1=Kim|first1=Suki| title = Public-Radio Icon John Hockenberry Accused of Harassing Female Colleagues|url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/12/public-radio-icon-john-hockenberry-accused-of-harassment.html|accessdate=December 10, 2017|work=The Cut | date = Desemba 1, 2017}}</ref> Wanawake wengine waliohusishwa na kipindi hicho walijitokeza kutokana na kukumbwa na tatizo hilo na pia waliokumbwa na unyanyasaji kingono walijitokeza pia.<ref name="Kim2017"/> Mwishoni mwa [[mwaka]] [[2012]], akiwa kama mgeni mwenyeji wa kipindi cha NPR ''Tell Me More'', Na mgeni mwenyeji bila uwepo wa Neal Conan katika ''Talk" of the Nation''. Mnamo mwaka 2014, alianzisha kipindi cha ''On Second Thought'' katika shirika la umma wa Georgia (Georgia Public Broadcasting).<ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|last=Ho|first=Rodney|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47695126/the-atlanta-constitution/| title = Celeste Headlee Headlines New WRAS Show| date = 2014-10-20|work=The Atlanta Constitution|access-date=2020-03-30|pages=D1|via=Newspapers.com}}and{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47696242/the-atlanta-constitution/| title = Headlee| date = 2014-10-20|work=The Atlanta Constitution|access-date=2020-03-30|pages=D4|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> kipindi kilichochukua lisaa limoja katika redio kilihusisha habari za kitaifa na kimataifa kiichohusisha Georgia ya Kusini. kwa sasa Headlee ni msimamizi mkuu wa kipindi cha ''Retro Report'' kinachorushwa na shirika la PBS.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/new-titles/adult-announcements/article/81449-social-anxiety-self-help-books-2019-2020.html| title = Social Anxiety: Self-Help Books 2019–2020|last=Kelemen|first=Jasmina| date = 11 Oktoba 2019|website=Publishers Weekly|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> ==Tuzo za Uandishi wa Habari== Headlee aliweza kutunukiwa tuzo kutoka Michigan cha AP,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://newsroom.wayne.edu/| title = Welcome| date = Februari 13, 2018|website=Newsroom|accessdate=December 28, 2018}}</ref> Umoja wa waandishi wa habari wa Michigan (Michigan Association of Broadcasters), na jamii ya Metro (Metro Detroit Society of Professional Journalists).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.thetakeaway.org/people/celeste-headlee/| title = Awards.|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221171825/http://www.thetakeaway.org/people/celeste-headlee/|archive-date=February 21, 2016|url-status=dead|archivedate=2016-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221171825/http://www.thetakeaway.org/people/celeste-headlee/}}</ref> Headlee anafanya kazi kama msimamizi na mkurugenzi wa NPR Next Generation , ambacho chenye lengo la kufundha vijana wachanga kuwa waandishi wa habari wazuri. Akiwa anaishi Arizona, Headlee alikuwa mwanachama wa wasanii wa Roster wa Arizona Commission on the Arts. Mwaka 2011 alitajwa kama mwandishi wa habari wa Getty Arts Journalism Fellow na chuo cha USC's Annenberg School of Journalism.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlla/usc-annenberg-announces-2011-getty-arts-journalism-fellows_b41675| title = Getty Arts Journalism Fellows.|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016072718/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlla/usc-annenberg-announces-2011-getty-arts-journalism-fellows_b41675|archive-date=October 16, 2011|url-status=dead|archivedate=2011-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016072718/http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlla/usc-annenberg-announces-2011-getty-arts-journalism-fellows_b41675}}</ref> == Uandishi == [[Kitabu]] chake cha mwaka [[2017]], book, ''We Need to Talk: How to Have Conversations That Matter'' kilichotoka mnamo mwezi May 2015 TEDx talk alichotoa [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], na kuzungumziaa namna gani watu wanaweza kuboresha mawasiliano yao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-06-266900-1| title = We Need to Talk: How to Have Conversations That Matter|website=Publishers Weekly|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Rhone|first=Nedra|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47696898/the-atlanta-constitution/| title = GPB Host Headlee Wants Us to Have Conversations That Matter| date = 2017-08-10|work=The Atlanta Constitution|access-date=2020-03-30|pages=D6|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She also covers relevant research in the book and helps people create strategies for their conversations.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/celeste-headlee/we-need-to-talk/| title = We Need to Talk: How to Have Conversations That Matter|website=Kirkus|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> Kitabu chake cha ''Do Nothing'' (2020) anazungumza namna program ya kidigitali kilivyotengenezwa kuwafanya watu wakasirike zaidi wasipozalisha vya kutosha katika maisha yao.<ref name=":0" /> In the book, Headlee asserts the importance of leisure time and connecting genuinely with other people.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/celeste-headlee/do-nothing/| title = Do Nothing|website=Kirkus|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref> ==Elimu ya Muziki na Kazi== Kapata mafunzo ya hali ya juu [[soprano]],<ref name=":1" /> Headlee graduated from the Idyllwild Arts Academy (part of the Idyllwild Arts Foundation) in 1987 and received a B.A. in Vocal Performance at Northern Arizona University in 1993, graduating with honors.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nau.edu/Legacy/| title = Welcome – The NAU Legacy: – People Making a Difference – Northern Arizona University|website=nau.edu|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archivedate=2018-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624195745/https://nau.edu/Legacy/}}</ref> Headlee aliweza kupata shahada ya uzamili yake ya muziki ya utumbuizaji kwa sauti katika chuo cha Michigan (University of Michigan) mnamo ,waka 1998, akisoma pamoja na Freda Herseth, Leslie Guinn, and George Shirley, na kuchambua wimbo na Martin Katz. Headlee aliweza fanya maonyesho na Jumba la kumbukumbu la taifa la sanaa,<ref>[https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&view=bsp&ver=ohhl4rw8mbn4 National Gallery of Art.]</ref> Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, the Distinguished Artist Series at the Church of the Red Rocks, Colorado College,<ref>[http://coloradocollege.edu/Publications/newsreleases/JanFeb2002/concerts.html Colorado College Performance.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924120634/http://www.coloradocollege.edu/publications/newsreleases/JanFeb2002/concerts.html |date=September 24, 2006 }}</ref> the Detroit Institute of Arts, Yavapai College, Wagner College<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wagner.edu/newsroom/node-1674/| title = 'Porgy & Bess Concert,' May 1|last=Wagner College Work One Campus Road Staten Isl| date = Aprili 26, 2011|website=Newsroom|accessdate=December 28, 2018}}</ref> and Wayne State University, among other venues. Aliweza pia kutumbuiza katika kampuni tofauti kama msimamizi wa michezo wa Michigan, kampuni ya Sedona Repertory, wachezaji wa Harlequin (Olympia, Washington), kituo cha sanaa cha Seldon, na Lakes Lyric Opera.<ref>[http://greatlakeschambermusic.org/Scripts/_pastartists.asp The Great Lakes Opera.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624062846/http://greatlakeschambermusic.org/scripts/_pastartists.asp |date=June 24, 2012 }}</ref> ==Maisha Binafsi== Headlee alikuwa na watoto wawili.<ref name=":1" /> Headlee ni mjukuu wa mtunzi William Grant Still. Mara kwa mara alifanya maonesho katika shughuli mbalimbali za muziki ya wima na kuimba wimbo wa imara "Levee Land"<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.florencemills.com/stillarticle.htm|title=Levee Land, William Grant Still and Florence Mills|website=florencemills.com|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522121529/http://www.florencemills.com/stillarticle.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> on the CD<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-nr95-43127/| title = Music of Afro-American Composers.|accessdate=December 28, 2018|archive-date=2021-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522121524/http://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-nr95-43127/|url-status=dead}}</ref> iliyozalishwa na chuo cha Arizona kaskazini Wind Symphony. Aliweza pata mafunzo tofauti kuhusu Miziki ya Still akiwa katika shule ya upili<ref name="africlassical.blogspot.com" /> na chuoni na kuwa mhariri katika toleo la pili la kitabu, ''William Grant Still na the Fusion of Cultures in American Music'', na kuziunganisha kazi za Still's. ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.thetakeaway.org/ "The Takeaway''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thetakeaway.org/ |date=20160303194620 }} on PRI *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120311151440/http://www.pri.org/celeste-headlee-bio.html "Public Radio International"] PRI - Biography (Archived) *{{Twitter}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20151220001342/http://www.nywici.org/features/interview/celeste-headlee "New York Women in Communications"] NYWICI - Biography (Archived) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130603030836/http://www.thetakeaway.org/2012/jan/02/civil-war-still-difficult-race-issue/ "The Civil War: Celeste Headlee's Story"] radio broadcast. *[http://www.ted.com/talks/celeste_headlee_10_ways_to_have_a_better_conversation#t-412101 "TED talk 2016"] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] rbnnuyynuv4h6ryt8wrjz9bojuybydy 0 142738 1582096 1534465 2026-07-27T13:50:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Anna Schäffer.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Picha]] halisi ya Mt. Ana.]] '''Ana Schaeffer''' ([[Mindelstetten]], [[Bavaria]], [[Ujerumani]], [[18 Februari]] [[1882]] – Mindelstetten, [[5 Oktoba]] [[1925]]), alikuwa [[mwanamke]] mwenye [[karama]] za pekee katika [[maisha]] ya [[ugonjwa]]<ref>"[http://www.deon.pl/religia/kosciol-i-swiat/z-zycia-kosciola/art,11880,kosciol-ma-siedmioro-nowych-swietych.html Kościół ma siedmioro nowych świętych]" ''Deon.pl'', October 21, 2012</ref> [[Nyumba|nyumbani]] akizama katika [[sala]]. Ni kwamba, alipokuwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 19, akiwa [[Wafanyakazi|mfanyakazi]] wa ndani, alimwagikiwa [[maji]] ya [[moto]], tukio lililozidi kuathiri vibaya [[afya]] yake; hata hivyo aliishi kwa utulivu katika [[ufukara]], akimtolea [[Mungu]] [[msalaba]] wa [[maumivu]] yake kwa ajili ya [[wokovu]] wa watu<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92086</ref>. [[Mwaka]] [[1910]] alijikuta ana [[Madonda matakatifu|madonda]] [[Mwili|mwilini]] kama yale ya [[Yesu]] [[Msalaba wa Yesu|msulubiwa]]<ref>Rommel C. Lontayao. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20241201065857/https://archive.ph/20130221211920/http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/sunday-times/the-sunday-times-magazines/122-spirituality/15552-blessed-anna-schaffer-a-life-of-pain-and-suffering Blessed Anna Schaffer: A life of pain and suffering]". ''Manila Times'', January 22, 2012.</ref>. Pia alipata [[njozi]]. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[7 Machi]] [[1999]]<ref>During her beatification, 7 March 1999, Pope John Paul II said: "If we look to Blessed Anna Schäffer, we read in her life a living commentary on what Saint Paul wrote to the Romans: 'Hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out into our hearts through the Holy Spirit that has been given to us' (Rom. 5:5). She most certainly was not spared the struggle to abandon herself to the will of God. But she was given to grow in the correct understanding that weakness and suffering are the pages on which God writes His Gospel&nbsp;... Her sickbed became the cradle of an apostolate that extended to the whole world."</ref>, halafu [[Papa Benedikto XVI]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[21 Oktoba]] [[2012]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thewandererpress.com/saints/catholic-heroes-st-anna-schaffer/ |title=Catholic Heroes... St. Anna Schaffer |author=Breslin, Carole |date=3 October 2017 |website=[[The Wanderer (Roman Catholic newspaper)|TheWandererPress.com]] |access-date=11 January 2019 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827075416/https://thewandererpress.com/saints/catholic-heroes-st-anna-schaffer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[5 Oktoba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/stindex.php Catholic Online list of saints] *[http://saints.sqpn.com/patronage-topics/ Catholic Saints by patronage topics] *[http://saints.sqpn.com Extensive categorized lists of Catholic Saints] *[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92086 Sant' Anna Schaffer] {{it}} *[https://www.anna-schaeffer.de/biography.html Saint Anna Schaffer-Mindelstetten-Biography and Relics ] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1882]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1925]] [[Category:Mabikira]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ujerumani]] hmepglq0wlbaz1gp9m2w0b99hqnpmzz 0 151030 1582226 1510775 2026-07-28T02:58:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deborah Tabart, OAM''' ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa [[:en:Australian_Koala_Foundation|Australian Koala Foundation]]. Amefanya kazi na shirika hilo tangu 1988 na anajulikana kimataifa kama ''Koala Woman''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Deborah Tabart OAM {{!}} Australian Koala Foundation|url=https://www.savethekoala.com/our-work/deborah-tabart-oam|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=www.savethekoala.com|archive-date=2021-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420165414/https://www.savethekoala.com/our-work/deborah-tabart-oam|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=EDT|first=Jon Jackson On 9/24/20 at 4:02 PM|date=2020-09-24|title=End your work week by video-conferencing with koalas for Save the Koala Day|url=https://www.newsweek.com/save-koala-day-video-chat-1534167|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Worboys|first=Jessica|date=2019-11-21|title='Make the hard decisions, protect their habitats': The Koala Woman|url=https://www.nvi.com.au/story/6489861/make-the-hard-decisions-protect-their-habitats-the-koala-woman/|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=Namoi Valley Independent|language=en-AU}}</ref> == Kazi na Mafanikio == Mnamo [[1988]], Deborah Tabart aliombwa na Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya Koala Foundation ya Australia "kuchangisha pesa kuokoa koala". Mnamo Januari [[2008]], Tabart alitunukiwa Medali ya Agizo la Australia (OAM) kwa kutambua mchango wake katika ulinzi na usimamizi wa koala na makazi yao, na huduma yake kwa Australia na ubinadamu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-03-21|title=Manifesto outlines major changes necessary|url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/call-for-dramatic-koala-action/news-story/be072138e517026c6b25ac8601d89354|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=NewsComAu|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2008-01-26|title=Queenslanders honoured in Australia Day awards|url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/queenslanders-honoured-in-australia-day-awards-20080126-ge9lid.html|accessdate=2021-04-29|work=Brisbane Times|language=en}}</ref> Deborah Tabart sasa anaishi Queensland, Australia. Karibu na kazi yake ya kutwa katika AKF, pia anafanya [[kilimo]] cha [[mimea]] na anakuza mboga zake mwenyewe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Australia]] 0ztjycs48sdlz8mlgh5ee8oqa1andff 0 151139 1582153 1349006 2026-07-27T15:21:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ariel Salleh in 2019.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Ariel Salleh]] '''Ariel Salleh''' ni [[Sosholojia|mwanasosholojia]] wa Australia ambaye anaandika juu ya mahusiano ya binadamu-asili, [[ikolojia]] ya kisiasa, harakati za mabadiliko ya kijamii, na ecofeminism . Ariel Salleh ni Mwanachama Mwanzilishi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Uendelevu, Hong Kong; Profesa Mgeni katika Kitivo cha [[Binadamu]], Chuo Kikuu cha Nelson Mandela, Afrika Kusini; aliyekuwa Profesa Mshiriki wa Heshima katika [[Uchumi]] wa Kisiasa, Shule ya Sayansi ya Kijamii na Siasa, Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney, Australia; na Wenzake Mwandamizi katika Vyama vya Baada ya Ukuaji, Chuo Kikuu cha Friedrich Schiller Jena, Ujerumani. Alifundisha katika Ikolojia ya Kijamii katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney Magharibi kwa miaka kadhaa; na ametoa mihadhara mingi ikijumuisha NYU; ICS Manila; Chuo Kikuu cha York, Toronto; Lund; Ljubljana, Chuo Kikuu cha Peking.<ref name="Guide">{{Cite web|title=Arthur: A Guide|publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Uendelevu|date=|url=http://www.yorku.ca/cnsconf/york_IPPE_2005.pdf International Political Economy and Ecology Summer School, York University, Canada, (2005).}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.arielsalleh.info Ariel Salleh Home page] {{Wayback|url=http://www.arielsalleh.info/ |date=20211126110644 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GI5TjFOIXes Il Mitte interview], Berlin, June * '[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWNS4U_E8Gk Marxism and Ecofeminism]' {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] lpwklc47j8oiwdxppu5xzvumevyy69w 0 152210 1582123 1581487 2026-07-27T14:35:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:LahohS.jpg|alt=Afrika Mashariki na Kusini|thumb|Mkate wa Kisomalia]] '''Lahoh''' ([[Kiarabu]]: لحوح, laḥūḥ; [[Kisomali]]: laxoox (𐒐𐒖𐒄𐒝𐒄) au canjeero (𐒋𐒖𐒒𐒃𐒜𐒇𐒙); [[Kiebrania]]: לַחוּח, [lɑħɔħ]) kutoka [[Kiarabu]] "lawh") ni mkate wa sponji, bapa kama vile chapati uliotokea Somalia na unaoliwa mara kwa mara nchini [[Somalia]], [[Jibuti]], [[Ethiopia]] na [[Yemen]]. Wahamiaji Wayahudi wa Yemen walieneza chakula hicho nchini [[Israeli]].<ref>https://www.deliciousisrael.com/blog/lahoh</ref><ref>http://food.lizsteinberg.com/2009/01/05/saturday-brunch-lahoh-purple-salad-with-ginger-dill-dressing-and-more/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.yobserver.com/news-varieties/10012048.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-12 |archive-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120308164202/http://www.yobserver.com/news-varieties/10012048.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://food.lizsteinberg.com/2010/01/27/hatikva-market/</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] amnib1f806ot8rsig9l2he11dpocz29 0 167864 1582246 1433836 2026-07-28T10:40:57Z Lensbirdie 91235 Updated portrait photography 1582246 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bill Bailey – Tons of Rock 2026-6.jpg|right|thumb|271x271px|Bill Bailey (2026)]] '''Mark Bill Bailey''' (alizaliwa [[13 Januari]] [[1965]])<ref name="screenonline">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/1191391/| title = Bill Bailey|publisher=[[screenonline]]}}</ref> akijulikana kitaalam zaidi kama Bailey ni [[mwanamuziki]], mchekeshaji na mwigizaji wa [[Uingereza]]. Anajulikana kwa jukumu lake kama Manny kwenye sitcom (Black Books, Never Mind the Buzzcocks na Have I Got News for You).<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2003/dec/07/comedy.thebestofbritishcomedy1| title = The 50 funniest people in Britain (part one)|newspaper=The Guardian| date = 7 Desemba 2003}}</ref> Pia kwa kazi yake ya ucheshi akiwa jukwaani. Anacheza ala mbalimbali za muziki na kuimba muziki katika maonyesho yake.<ref name="GuardianChaChaCha">{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Hogan|first1=Michael| title = Bill Bailey: 'I dreamed I was cha-cha-cha-ing between the stones at Stonehenge'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/dec/26/bill-bailey-strictly-come-dancing-winner#:~:text=Bath%2Dborn%20Bill%20Bailey,BBC%20contest's%20oldest%20ever%20winner.|website=The Guardian| date = 26 Desemba 2020|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] t77fet0y5oq2p3e8cnozfklv7gr90wt 5 184553 1582244 1344891 2026-07-28T09:54:45Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]]: Hii si makala bali mradi. Hivyo inapaswa kuwa katika ukurasa wa mradi. 1344891 wikitext text/x-wiki == MAKALA == Sidhani kama makundi ya watumiaji yanahitaji makala katika Wikipedia. Hizi zingehamishiwa katika kurasa zinazotaja masuala haya ya vikundi. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 10:22, 21 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Nakuunga mkono. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:05, 21 Julai 2024 (UTC) 2yuv1go1j8gcy3n6pu2y6auldzx47fs 0 185983 1582209 1431635 2026-07-27T20:47:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlene Marie Richard''' ([[13 Januari]] [[1947]] – [[11 Agosti]] [[1959]]) alikuwa [[msichana]] wa miaka [[kumi na mbili|kumi na miwili]] kutoka [[Richard, Louisiana]], [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa [[imani]] maarufu kwamba alifanya [[miujiza]] kadhaa. kwa miaka mingi [[mapadri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] wa eneo hilo na maafisa wa jimbo waliruhusu, kuhamasisha, na kushiriki katika kumpa [[heshima]] kabla ya kutangazwa kuwa [[Mtumishi wa Mungu]].<ref name="Gaudet">{{Rejea jarida|author=Gaudet, Marcia|year=1994|title=Folk Veneration Among the Cajuns|url=http://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/SFcharlene.html|journal=Southern Folklore|volume=51|issue=2|pages=153–66|archive-date=2024-09-19|access-date=2024-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919040806/https://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/SFcharlene.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DA1">{{Rejea habari| title = Mass today honors 'Little Cajun Saint'|newspaper=[[The Daily Advertiser (Lafayette)|Daily Advertiser]]|publisher=[[Gannett]]| date = 7 Agosti 2009|location=Lafayette, LA}}</ref><ref name="Gagliano">{{Rejea habari|last=Gagliano|first=Katie|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/article_feda4d6a-34ad-11ea-8c8e-1fa4a79b64a6.html| title = Lafayette diocese launches pathway to sainthood for 2 Acadiana residents; third to follow| date = 11 Januari 2020|work=Acadiana Advocate|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1959]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fdxx03bx8kmxdpsee3eey1ypdnes7r3 0 187412 1582219 1464224 2026-07-27T23:17:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cynthia Ikponmwenosa Morgan''' (anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii la awali '''Cynthia Morgan''', na sasa anatumia jina jipya la kisanii '''Madrina'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.informationng.com/2018/05/cynthia-morgan-rebrands-changes-stage-name-to-madrina-releases-new-music-video-billion-dollar-woman.html|title=Cynthia Morgan Rebrands, Changes Stage Name To ‘Madrina’; Releases New Music Video ‘Billion Dollar Woman’ – INFORMATION NIGERIA|date=8 Mei 2018|work=INFORMATION NIGERIA|access-date=25 Julai 2018}}</ref>; alizaliwa [[23 Septemba]] [[1991]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iwantairplay.com/cynthiamorgan |title=Cynthia Morgan |access-date=2 Juni 2015 |archive-date=25 Julai 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725094136/http://www.iwantairplay.com/cynthiamorgan |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka nchini [[Nigeria]]. Muziki wake ni mchanganyiko wa [[pop]], [[hip hop]], [[dancehall]] na [[rap]]. Alipata umaarufu baada ya kutoa nyimbo mbili zilizojulikana kwa jina la "Don't Break My Heart" na "Lead Me On", ambazo zilipata usikilizwaji mkubwa kwenye [[vyombo vya habari]] na mapokezi mazuri kutoka kwa wakosoaji wa muziki. Cynthia alianza kuigiza kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka [[2016]] katika [[filamu]] ya Nollywood iliyoitwa "The Wrong Number" iliyoongozwa na Saint Joseph Ovensehi, pamoja na kwenye filamu ya vichekesho ya [[AY]] iitwayo ''A Trip to Jamaica''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://flairng.com/cynthia-morgan-makes-comeback-with-lead-me-on/ | title=Cynthia Morgan Makes Comeback with ‘Lead me on’ | access-date=20 Oktoba 2014 | archive-date=2018-09-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902151621/https://flairng.com/cynthia-morgan-makes-comeback-with-lead-me-on/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Nigeria]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1991]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] k05lzmb64ajgulsve8z1zby6yrzt296 2 191247 1582090 1581287 2026-07-27T13:31:28Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katikia gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, baada ya uhamisho wake kutoka Irani, Bahá'u'lláh alisafiri kwenda Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Ufalme wa Ottoman ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} Mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad katika Milki ya Ottoman.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo maafisa wa Irani wakaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuitwa kwake kwenda Konstantinopoli (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirisho wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la chini ya ardhi la Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinopoli kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Baada ya maafisa wa Ottoman kupokea nyaraka za adhabu kutoka kwa Bahá'u'lláh, walimgeukia na kumweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani huko Adrianopoli (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wazalí waliokuwa wamefungwa mjini humo (wafuasi wa Mírzá Yaḥyá) pia walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Katika eneo la [[Israeli]] ya sasa, katika koloni ya adhabu ya Ottoman ya ʻAkká au karibu nayo, Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo ni asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianopoli, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizoziandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia wa dunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, alisafiri, akatoa hotuba, akafundisha na kuishi maisha ya kuonesha wazi kanuni za Dini ya Kibaháʼí, huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite 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Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter 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Free Europe|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1945379_1944604_1944622,00.html|title=Kuipiga marufuku Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Sullivan|first=Amy|date=8 December 2009|newspaper=Time|access-date=23 February 2012}} *{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/en/iran-politics/date-set-for-second-court-session/story/699231/|title=Tarehe yapangwa kwa kikao cha pili cha mahakama kwa Wabaháʼí saba nchini Iran|author=Washington TV|date=20 January 2010|access-date=21 January 2010}} {{refend}} {{refend}} === Nyingine === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|title=Mataifa yenye Wabaháʼí wengi zaidi (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427001103/https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|archive-date=April 27, 2022|access-date=14 August 2022}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.bahai.org/documents/osed/betterment-world.pdf?a28125bc|title=Kwa Uboreshaji wa Ulimwengu: Mtazamo wa Jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ya Ulimwengu kuhusu Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi|author=Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|date=2018|access-date=3 May 2018}} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Baháʼí International Community|date=6 June 2000|title=Historia ya Ushirikiano Hai na Umoja wa Mataifa|url=http://www.bic.org/statements/bahai-international-community-history-active-cooperation-united-nations|access-date=25 September 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Baháʼí International Community|2000}}}} *{{Cite speech|last=Bigelow|first=Kit|date=16 November 2005|access-date=29 December 2006|title=Kit Bigelow, Mkurugenzi wa Masuala ya Nje, Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa la Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|event=Congressional Human Rights Caucus, House of Representatives|url=http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human%2BRights%2BCaucus/Briefing%2BTestimonies/11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm|archive-date=27 December 2006|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm |date=27 Desemba 2006 }} *{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/|title=Mwanamke Afukuzwa Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Iran Kabla Tu ya Kupata Shahada kwa Sababu Yeye ni Mbaháʼí|date=29 July 2018|website=Center for Human Rights in Iran|access-date=23 August 2018|ref={{sfnRef|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}}}} *{{Cite book|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai|title=Dictionary.com Unabridged|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=2017|edition=4th|contribution=Baháʼí|ref={{sfnRef|Dictionary.com|2017}}}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|title=Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wachache wa Kidini nchini Iran|author=International Federation of Human Rights|date=August 2003|publisher=FIDH|location=Paris|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2006|access-date=20 October 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=Ripoti ya Uhuru wa Dini wa Kimataifa ya mwaka 2013|author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|date=2013|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=24 April 2015|ref={{sfnRef|International Religious Freedom Report|2013}}}} *{{Cite report|editor-last=Hackett|editor-first=Conrad|editor-last2=Grim|editor-first2=Brian J.|title=Mazingira ya Kidini ya Ulimwengu: Ripoti juu ya Ukubwa na Mgawanyo wa Makundi Makuu ya Dini Duniani kufikia mwaka 2010|pages=53–56 <!-- many other pages report various specific examples across many religions -->|publisher=Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life|via=Boston College|date=Dec 2012|url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/jesinst/pdf/Grim-globalReligion-full.pdf|access-date=Aug 16, 2022|ref={{sfnRef|Pew Global Religious Landscape|2012}}}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=December 2006|title=Imani Iliyonyimwa: Mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí wa Iran|access-date=1 May 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|archive-date=2009-06-18|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=15 May 2008b|title=IHRDC Yalaani Kukamatwa kwa Wabaháʼí Wanaoongoza|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|access-date=17 May 2008|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010|archivedate=2 Septemba 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=November 2008|title=Uhalifu dhidi ya Ubinadamu: Mashambulizi ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu dhidi ya Wabaháʼí|location=New Haven, CN|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008}}|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|title=Mwandishi Maalum kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] p2nvzhk9sruit2f7yob9t5bs90nhxo2 1582094 1582090 2026-07-27T13:41:53Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katikia gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Milki ya Ottoman, ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} .{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo maafisa wa Irani wakaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuitwa kwake kwenda Konstantinopoli (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirisho wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la chini ya ardhi la Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinopoli kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Baada ya maafisa wa Ottoman kupokea nyaraka za adhabu kutoka kwa Bahá'u'lláh, walimgeukia na kumweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani huko Adrianopoli (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wazalí waliokuwa wamefungwa mjini humo (wafuasi wa Mírzá Yaḥyá) pia walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Katika eneo la [[Israeli]] ya sasa, katika koloni ya adhabu ya Ottoman ya ʻAkká au karibu nayo, Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo ni asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianopoli, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizoziandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia wa dunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, alisafiri, akatoa hotuba, akafundisha na kuishi maisha ya kuonesha wazi kanuni za Dini ya Kibaháʼí, huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite book|title=Dini za Ulimwengu kwa Takwimu: Utangulizi wa Demografia ya Kimataifa ya Dini|last1=Johnson|first1=Todd M.|last2=Grim|first2=Brian J.|date=26 March 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-55576-7|pages=59–62|chapter=Idadi za Watu wa Dini Duniani, 1910–2010|doi=10.1002/9781118555767.ch1|chapter-url={{Google books|CkFVF8nFiqkC |page=59 |plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav|title=Irano nox|last=Kravetz|first=Marc|publisher=Grasset|year=1982|isbn=2-246-24851-5|location=Paris|page=237|language=fr|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17035-3|doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu|title=Baháʼí: Uundaji wa Kidini wa Utambulisho wa Kiujuma wa Dunia|last=McMullen|first=Michael D.|publisher=[[Rutgers University 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book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash|title=Mauaji ya siri ya Iran: Njama ya kuwaangamiza Wabahaʼi|last=Nash|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Neville Spearman Limited|year=1982|isbn=0-85435-005-5|location=Sudbury, Suffolk|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736|title=Makundi Madogo ya Kidini nchini Iran|last=Sanasarian|first=Eliz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-77073-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=52–53|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/2004worldalmanacbook00newy|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=World Almanac Books|year=2004|isbn=0-88687-910-8|editor-last=Park|editor-first=Ken|location=New York|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/liftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6|title=Kuinua Pazia|last1=Simpson|first1=John|last2=Shubart|first2=Tira|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton General Division|year=1995|isbn=0-340-62814-6|location=London|page=223|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C|title=Utangulizi wa Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Smith|first=Peter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-86251-6|location=Cambridge}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=501–512|chapter=Sura ya 41: Historia ya Imani za Kibábí na Kibahá’í|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-48|s2cid=244705793}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=614–621|chapter=Sura ya 50: Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|title=Dini na Utalii: Njia panda, Maeneo ya Kufikia, na Mikutano|url=https://archive.org/details/religiontourismc0000stau|last=Stausberg|first=Michael|date=2011|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-54931-8|location=Oxfordshire, UK|title=Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9|location=New York, NY|title=Imani ya Bahá'í, Vurugu, na Kutokuwa na Vurugu|last=Stockman|first=Robert H.|date=July 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-61344-6|editor1=James R. 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The Faith|volume=III|issue=4|pages=438–446|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-The Faith|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=422–429|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms|volume=III|issue=4–5|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii|pages=447–449|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai and Babi Schisms|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1989|article=BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=IV|issue=1|pages=12–14|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|year=2010|article=Mašreq al-Aḏkār|article-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}}}} **{{cite encyclopedia|last=Negahban|first=Ezzatollah|year=2020|article=BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter 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*{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/01/12/Iran.bahai.trial/|title=Kesi ya viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran yaanza kusikilizwa|date=12 January 2010a|access-date=4 February 2018|agency=CNN|ref={{sfnRef|CNN|2010a}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/16/iran.bahai.sentences/index.html|title=Adhabu za viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran zaripotiwa kupunguzwa|date=16 September 2010b|access-date=25 September 2013|agency=CNN|ref={{sfnRef|CNN|2010b}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/A_Trial_In_Tehran_Their_Only_Crime__Their_Faith/2006448.html|title=Kesi huko Tehran: 'Hatia' yao pekee – Imani yao|last=Djavadi|first=Abbas|date=8 April 2010|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}} *{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/us/27religion.html|title=Kwa Wabaháʼí, ukandamizaji si habari mpya|last=Freedman|first=Samuel G.|date=26 June 2009|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://nyti.ms/2zT84eS|title=Iran yabomoa kuba la Hekalu la Wabaháʼí|date=24 May 1955|newspaper=The New York Times|ref={{sfnRef|''The New York Times''|1955}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2010/08/iran-court-sentences-leaders-of-bahai-faith-to-20-years-in-prison.html|title=Mahakama yawahukumu viongozi wa dini ya Baháʼí kifungo cha miaka 20 jela|last=Siegal|first=Daniel|date=11 August 2010|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}} *{{Cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Iran-detains-5-more-Bahai|title=Iran yawashikilia Wabaháʼí wengine 5 zaidi|author=<!-- Staff writer -->|date=14 February 2010|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=25 September 2013|ref={{sfnRef|The Jerusalem Post|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Iran_Bahai_Leaders_Scheduled_In_Court_On_Election_Anniversary/2061066.html|title=Viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran wapangiwa kufikishwa mahakamani katika kumbukumbu ya uchaguzi|author=<!-- Staff writer -->|date=3 June 2010|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|ref={{sfnRef|Radio Free Europe|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1945379_1944604_1944622,00.html|title=Kuipiga marufuku Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Sullivan|first=Amy|date=8 December 2009|newspaper=Time|access-date=23 February 2012}} *{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/en/iran-politics/date-set-for-second-court-session/story/699231/|title=Tarehe yapangwa kwa kikao cha pili cha mahakama kwa Wabaháʼí saba nchini Iran|author=Washington TV|date=20 January 2010|access-date=21 January 2010}} {{refend}} {{refend}} === Nyingine === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|title=Mataifa yenye Wabaháʼí wengi zaidi (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427001103/https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|archive-date=April 27, 2022|access-date=14 August 2022}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.bahai.org/documents/osed/betterment-world.pdf?a28125bc|title=Kwa Uboreshaji wa Ulimwengu: Mtazamo wa Jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ya Ulimwengu kuhusu Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi|author=Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|date=2018|access-date=3 May 2018}} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Baháʼí International Community|date=6 June 2000|title=Historia ya Ushirikiano Hai na Umoja wa Mataifa|url=http://www.bic.org/statements/bahai-international-community-history-active-cooperation-united-nations|access-date=25 September 2013|ref={{sfnRef|Baháʼí International Community|2000}}}} *{{Cite speech|last=Bigelow|first=Kit|date=16 November 2005|access-date=29 December 2006|title=Kit Bigelow, Mkurugenzi wa Masuala ya Nje, Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa la Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|event=Congressional Human Rights Caucus, House of Representatives|url=http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human%2BRights%2BCaucus/Briefing%2BTestimonies/11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm|archive-date=27 December 2006|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm |date=27 Desemba 2006 }} *{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/|title=Mwanamke Afukuzwa Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Iran Kabla Tu ya Kupata Shahada kwa Sababu Yeye ni Mbaháʼí|date=29 July 2018|website=Center for Human Rights in Iran|access-date=23 August 2018|ref={{sfnRef|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}}}} *{{Cite book|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai|title=Dictionary.com Unabridged|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=2017|edition=4th|contribution=Baháʼí|ref={{sfnRef|Dictionary.com|2017}}}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|title=Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wachache wa Kidini nchini Iran|author=International Federation of Human Rights|date=August 2003|publisher=FIDH|location=Paris|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2006|access-date=20 October 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=Ripoti ya Uhuru wa Dini wa Kimataifa ya mwaka 2013|author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|date=2013|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=24 April 2015|ref={{sfnRef|International Religious Freedom Report|2013}}}} *{{Cite report|editor-last=Hackett|editor-first=Conrad|editor-last2=Grim|editor-first2=Brian J.|title=Mazingira ya Kidini ya Ulimwengu: Ripoti juu ya Ukubwa na Mgawanyo wa Makundi Makuu ya Dini Duniani kufikia mwaka 2010|pages=53–56 <!-- many other pages report various specific examples across many religions -->|publisher=Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life|via=Boston College|date=Dec 2012|url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/jesinst/pdf/Grim-globalReligion-full.pdf|access-date=Aug 16, 2022|ref={{sfnRef|Pew Global Religious Landscape|2012}}}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=December 2006|title=Imani Iliyonyimwa: Mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí wa Iran|access-date=1 May 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|archive-date=2009-06-18|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=15 May 2008b|title=IHRDC Yalaani Kukamatwa kwa Wabaháʼí Wanaoongoza|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|access-date=17 May 2008|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010|archivedate=2 Septemba 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=November 2008|title=Uhalifu dhidi ya Ubinadamu: Mashambulizi ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu dhidi ya Wabaháʼí|location=New Haven, CN|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008}}|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|title=Mwandishi Maalum kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] kofv8gk7x6qhq293ni7mw88tt1wumlz 1582131 1582094 2026-07-27T14:43:16Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katikia gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Milki ya Ottoman, ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} {{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo mamlaka ya Irani ikaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuamishwa kwake kwenda Constantinople (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinopoli kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Mamlaka ya Ottoman walimgeuka kwa sababu ya masingizio yaliyofanywa na balozi wa Persia, ambapo Serikali ya Sultani iliamuru kuhamishwa kwake kwenda Adrianople (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambapo Bahá'u'lláh alijibu kwa barua yenye onyo kali. Huko Adrianople walimweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote kwenda ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wazalí waliokuwa wamefungwa mjini humo (wafuasi wa Mírzá Yaḥyá) pia walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Katika eneo la [[Israeli]] ya sasa, katika koloni ya adhabu ya Ottoman ya ʻAkká au karibu nayo, Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo ni asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianopoli, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizoziandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia wa dunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, alisafiri, akatoa hotuba, akafundisha na kuishi maisha ya kuonesha wazi kanuni za Dini ya Kibaháʼí, huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite book|title=Dini za Ulimwengu kwa Takwimu: Utangulizi wa Demografia ya Kimataifa ya Dini|last1=Johnson|first1=Todd M.|last2=Grim|first2=Brian J.|date=26 March 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-55576-7|pages=59–62|chapter=Idadi za Watu wa Dini Duniani, 1910–2010|doi=10.1002/9781118555767.ch1|chapter-url={{Google books|CkFVF8nFiqkC |page=59 |plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav|title=Irano nox|last=Kravetz|first=Marc|publisher=Grasset|year=1982|isbn=2-246-24851-5|location=Paris|page=237|language=fr|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17035-3|doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu|title=Baháʼí: Uundaji wa Kidini wa Utambulisho wa Kiujuma wa Dunia|last=McMullen|first=Michael D.|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8135-2836-4|location=Atlanta, GA|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaisofamericag0000mcmu|title=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani: Ukuaji wa Harakati ya Kidini|last=McMullen|first=Mike|date=2015|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-1-4798-5152-2|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsreligionsn0000unse|title=New Lion Handbook: The World's Religions|last=Momen|first=Moojan|publisher=Lion Hudson Plc|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7459-5266-6|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=Christopher H.|edition=3rd|place=Oxford, UK|contribution=Imani ya Baháʼí|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Momen|first=Wendi|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=371–383|chapter=Sura ya 31: Ndoa na maisha ya kifamilia|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-36|s2cid=244697438}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash|title=Mauaji ya siri ya Iran: Njama ya kuwaangamiza Wabahaʼi|last=Nash|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Neville Spearman Limited|year=1982|isbn=0-85435-005-5|location=Sudbury, Suffolk|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736|title=Makundi Madogo ya Kidini nchini Iran|last=Sanasarian|first=Eliz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-77073-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=52–53|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/2004worldalmanacbook00newy|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=World Almanac Books|year=2004|isbn=0-88687-910-8|editor-last=Park|editor-first=Ken|location=New York|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/liftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6|title=Kuinua Pazia|last1=Simpson|first1=John|last2=Shubart|first2=Tira|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton General Division|year=1995|isbn=0-340-62814-6|location=London|page=223|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C|title=Utangulizi wa Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Smith|first=Peter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-86251-6|location=Cambridge}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=501–512|chapter=Sura ya 41: Historia ya Imani za Kibábí na Kibahá’í|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-48|s2cid=244705793}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=614–621|chapter=Sura ya 50: Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|title=Dini na Utalii: Njia panda, Maeneo ya Kufikia, na Mikutano|url=https://archive.org/details/religiontourismc0000stau|last=Stausberg|first=Michael|date=2011|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-54931-8|location=Oxfordshire, UK|title=Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9|location=New York, NY|title=Imani ya Bahá'í, Vurugu, na Kutokuwa na Vurugu|last=Stockman|first=Robert H.|date=July 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-61344-6|editor1=James R. Lewis|series=Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence|location=Cambridge, UK|doi=10.1017/9781108613446|oclc=1173507653|editor2=Margo Kitts|s2cid=225389995}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=557–568|chapter=Sura ya 45: Amerika ya Kusini na Karibiani|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=569–580|chapter=Sura ya 46: Amerika ya Kaskazini|url=http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V4/p118-144Ch08.html#p125|title=The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 4: Mazra'ih & Bahji 1877–92|last=Taherzadeh|first=Adib|publisher=George Ronald|year=1987|isbn=0-85398-270-8|location=Oxford, UK|page=125|title=Wabahá'i wa Iran: Tafiti za kijamii-kihistoria|last=Tavakoli-Targhi|first=Mohamad|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-203-00280-3|editor-last1=Brookshaw|editor-first1=Dominic P.|location=New York|chapter=Upinzani dhidi ya Baháʼí na Uislamisti nchini Iran|editor2-last=Fazel|editor2-first=Seena B.}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse|title=Haki za binadamu za kidini katika mtazamo wa kimataifa: mitazamo ya kidini|last=Van der Vyer|first=J.D.|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=1996|isbn=90-411-0176-4|page=449|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Baháʼí|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2001|publisher=Signature Books|editor-last=Introvigne|series=Studies in Contemporary Religions|location=US|title=Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2006|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-0746-1|location=Leiden|oclc=234309958|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Yazdani|first=Mina|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=88–104|chapter=Sura ya 7: Maandishi na Matamshi ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-9|s2cid=244689327}} {{refend}} === Hazina ya Maarifa ya Ulimwengu === {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *'''Iranica''' **{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Waandishi Wengi|title=Bahaism|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=15 December 1988|volume=III|issue=4–5|pages=438–475|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-index|access-date=11 January 2021|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahaism|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM i. The Faith|volume=III|issue=4|pages=438–446|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-The Faith|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=422–429|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms|volume=III|issue=4–5|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii|pages=447–449|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai and Babi Schisms|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1989|article=BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=IV|issue=1|pages=12–14|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|year=2010|article=Mašreq al-Aḏkār|article-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}}}} **{{cite encyclopedia|last=Negahban|first=Ezzatollah|year=2020|article=BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter B.|date=2006|title=Baháʼí|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|isbn=978-0-415-26707-6|pages=56}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hutter|first=Manfred|year=2005|contribution=Bahā'īs|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Lindsay|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion|edition=2nd|publisher=Macmillan Reference US|volume=2|place=Detroit, MI|isbn=0-02-865733-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737 737–740]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1994a|title=Turkmenistan|encyclopedia=draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"|url=https://www.momen.org/relstud/turkmnst.htm|access-date=Jul 28, 2022}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1994b|title=Iran: Historia ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí|encyclopedia=draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"|publisher=Baháʼí Library 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Free Europe|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1945379_1944604_1944622,00.html|title=Kuipiga marufuku Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Sullivan|first=Amy|date=8 December 2009|newspaper=Time|access-date=23 February 2012}} *{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/en/iran-politics/date-set-for-second-court-session/story/699231/|title=Tarehe yapangwa kwa kikao cha pili cha mahakama kwa Wabaháʼí saba nchini Iran|author=Washington TV|date=20 January 2010|access-date=21 January 2010}} {{refend}} {{refend}} === Nyingine === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|title=Mataifa yenye Wabaháʼí wengi zaidi (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427001103/https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|archive-date=April 27, 2022|access-date=14 August 2022}} *{{Cite 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Representatives|url=http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human%2BRights%2BCaucus/Briefing%2BTestimonies/11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm|archive-date=27 December 2006|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm |date=27 Desemba 2006 }} *{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/|title=Mwanamke Afukuzwa Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Iran Kabla Tu ya Kupata Shahada kwa Sababu Yeye ni Mbaháʼí|date=29 July 2018|website=Center for Human Rights in Iran|access-date=23 August 2018|ref={{sfnRef|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}}}} *{{Cite 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report|editor-last=Hackett|editor-first=Conrad|editor-last2=Grim|editor-first2=Brian J.|title=Mazingira ya Kidini ya Ulimwengu: Ripoti juu ya Ukubwa na Mgawanyo wa Makundi Makuu ya Dini Duniani kufikia mwaka 2010|pages=53–56 <!-- many other pages report various specific examples across many religions -->|publisher=Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life|via=Boston College|date=Dec 2012|url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/jesinst/pdf/Grim-globalReligion-full.pdf|access-date=Aug 16, 2022|ref={{sfnRef|Pew Global Religious Landscape|2012}}}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=December 2006|title=Imani Iliyonyimwa: Mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí wa Iran|access-date=1 May 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|archive-date=2009-06-18|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=15 May 2008b|title=IHRDC Yalaani Kukamatwa kwa Wabaháʼí Wanaoongoza|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|access-date=17 May 2008|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010|archivedate=2 Septemba 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=November 2008|title=Uhalifu dhidi ya Ubinadamu: Mashambulizi ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu dhidi ya Wabaháʼí|location=New Haven, CN|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008}}|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|title=Mwandishi Maalum kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] 68wsxeifztpchdlu9a58098evop8n8u 1582151 1582131 2026-07-27T15:12:36Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582151 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katikia gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Milki ya Ottoman, ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} {{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo mamlaka ya Irani ikaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuamishwa kwake kwenda Constantinople (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinopoli kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Mamlaka ya Ottoman walimgeuka kwa sababu ya masingizio yaliyofanywa na balozi wa Persia, ambapo Serikali ya Sultani iliamuru kuhamishwa kwake kwenda Adrianople (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambapo Bahá'u'lláh alijibu kwa barua yenye onyo kali. Huko Adrianople walimweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote kwenda ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wafuasi wa Mirza Yahya walikuwa wamefungwa mjini humo pia, walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Ilikuwa katika koloni la Ottoman la ʻAkká au karibu nayo (Katika eneo la Israel ya sasa), Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianople, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizowaandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, alisafiri, akatoa hotuba, akafundisha na kuishi maisha ya kuonesha wazi kanuni za Dini ya Kibaháʼí, huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite book|title=Dini za Ulimwengu kwa Takwimu: Utangulizi wa Demografia ya Kimataifa ya Dini|last1=Johnson|first1=Todd M.|last2=Grim|first2=Brian J.|date=26 March 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-55576-7|pages=59–62|chapter=Idadi za Watu wa Dini Duniani, 1910–2010|doi=10.1002/9781118555767.ch1|chapter-url={{Google books|CkFVF8nFiqkC |page=59 |plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav|title=Irano nox|last=Kravetz|first=Marc|publisher=Grasset|year=1982|isbn=2-246-24851-5|location=Paris|page=237|language=fr|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17035-3|doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu|title=Baháʼí: Uundaji wa Kidini wa Utambulisho wa Kiujuma wa Dunia|last=McMullen|first=Michael D.|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8135-2836-4|location=Atlanta, GA|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaisofamericag0000mcmu|title=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani: Ukuaji wa Harakati ya Kidini|last=McMullen|first=Mike|date=2015|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-1-4798-5152-2|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsreligionsn0000unse|title=New Lion Handbook: The World's Religions|last=Momen|first=Moojan|publisher=Lion Hudson Plc|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7459-5266-6|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=Christopher H.|edition=3rd|place=Oxford, UK|contribution=Imani ya Baháʼí|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Momen|first=Wendi|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=371–383|chapter=Sura ya 31: Ndoa na maisha ya kifamilia|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-36|s2cid=244697438}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash|title=Mauaji ya siri ya Iran: Njama ya kuwaangamiza Wabahaʼi|last=Nash|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Neville Spearman Limited|year=1982|isbn=0-85435-005-5|location=Sudbury, Suffolk|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736|title=Makundi Madogo ya Kidini nchini Iran|last=Sanasarian|first=Eliz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-77073-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=52–53|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/2004worldalmanacbook00newy|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=World Almanac Books|year=2004|isbn=0-88687-910-8|editor-last=Park|editor-first=Ken|location=New York|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/liftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6|title=Kuinua Pazia|last1=Simpson|first1=John|last2=Shubart|first2=Tira|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton General Division|year=1995|isbn=0-340-62814-6|location=London|page=223|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C|title=Utangulizi wa Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Smith|first=Peter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-86251-6|location=Cambridge}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=501–512|chapter=Sura ya 41: Historia ya Imani za Kibábí na Kibahá’í|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-48|s2cid=244705793}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=614–621|chapter=Sura ya 50: Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|title=Dini na Utalii: Njia panda, Maeneo ya Kufikia, na Mikutano|url=https://archive.org/details/religiontourismc0000stau|last=Stausberg|first=Michael|date=2011|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-54931-8|location=Oxfordshire, UK|title=Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9|location=New York, NY|title=Imani ya Bahá'í, Vurugu, na Kutokuwa na Vurugu|last=Stockman|first=Robert H.|date=July 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-61344-6|editor1=James R. Lewis|series=Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence|location=Cambridge, UK|doi=10.1017/9781108613446|oclc=1173507653|editor2=Margo Kitts|s2cid=225389995}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=557–568|chapter=Sura ya 45: Amerika ya Kusini na Karibiani|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=569–580|chapter=Sura ya 46: Amerika ya Kaskazini|url=http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V4/p118-144Ch08.html#p125|title=The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 4: Mazra'ih & Bahji 1877–92|last=Taherzadeh|first=Adib|publisher=George Ronald|year=1987|isbn=0-85398-270-8|location=Oxford, UK|page=125|title=Wabahá'i wa Iran: Tafiti za kijamii-kihistoria|last=Tavakoli-Targhi|first=Mohamad|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-203-00280-3|editor-last1=Brookshaw|editor-first1=Dominic P.|location=New York|chapter=Upinzani dhidi ya Baháʼí na Uislamisti nchini Iran|editor2-last=Fazel|editor2-first=Seena B.}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse|title=Haki za binadamu za kidini katika mtazamo wa kimataifa: mitazamo ya kidini|last=Van der Vyer|first=J.D.|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=1996|isbn=90-411-0176-4|page=449|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Baháʼí|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2001|publisher=Signature Books|editor-last=Introvigne|series=Studies in Contemporary Religions|location=US|title=Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2006|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-0746-1|location=Leiden|oclc=234309958|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Yazdani|first=Mina|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=88–104|chapter=Sura ya 7: Maandishi na Matamshi ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-9|s2cid=244689327}} {{refend}} === Hazina ya Maarifa ya Ulimwengu === {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *'''Iranica''' **{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Waandishi Wengi|title=Bahaism|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=15 December 1988|volume=III|issue=4–5|pages=438–475|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-index|access-date=11 January 2021|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahaism|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM i. The Faith|volume=III|issue=4|pages=438–446|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-The Faith|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=422–429|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms|volume=III|issue=4–5|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii|pages=447–449|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai and Babi Schisms|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1989|article=BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=IV|issue=1|pages=12–14|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|year=2010|article=Mašreq al-Aḏkār|article-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}}}} **{{cite encyclopedia|last=Negahban|first=Ezzatollah|year=2020|article=BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter B.|date=2006|title=Baháʼí|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements|publisher=Routledge|location=London and New York|isbn=978-0-415-26707-6|pages=56}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hutter|first=Manfred|year=2005|contribution=Bahā'īs|editor-last=Jones|editor-first=Lindsay|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion|edition=2nd|publisher=Macmillan Reference US|volume=2|place=Detroit, MI|isbn=0-02-865733-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737 737–740]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2/page/737}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1994a|title=Turkmenistan|encyclopedia=draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"|url=https://www.momen.org/relstud/turkmnst.htm|access-date=Jul 28, 2022}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1994b|title=Iran: Historia ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí|encyclopedia=draft "A Short Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith"|publisher=Baháʼí Library 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*{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/01/12/Iran.bahai.trial/|title=Kesi ya viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran yaanza kusikilizwa|date=12 January 2010a|access-date=4 February 2018|agency=CNN|ref={{sfnRef|CNN|2010a}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/16/iran.bahai.sentences/index.html|title=Adhabu za viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran zaripotiwa kupunguzwa|date=16 September 2010b|access-date=25 September 2013|agency=CNN|ref={{sfnRef|CNN|2010b}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/A_Trial_In_Tehran_Their_Only_Crime__Their_Faith/2006448.html|title=Kesi huko Tehran: 'Hatia' yao pekee – Imani yao|last=Djavadi|first=Abbas|date=8 April 2010|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}} *{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/us/27religion.html|title=Kwa Wabaháʼí, ukandamizaji si habari mpya|last=Freedman|first=Samuel G.|date=26 June 2009|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://nyti.ms/2zT84eS|title=Iran yabomoa kuba la Hekalu la 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Free Europe|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1945379_1944604_1944622,00.html|title=Kuipiga marufuku Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Sullivan|first=Amy|date=8 December 2009|newspaper=Time|access-date=23 February 2012}} *{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/en/iran-politics/date-set-for-second-court-session/story/699231/|title=Tarehe yapangwa kwa kikao cha pili cha mahakama kwa Wabaháʼí saba nchini Iran|author=Washington TV|date=20 January 2010|access-date=21 January 2010}} {{refend}} {{refend}} === Nyingine === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|title=Mataifa yenye Wabaháʼí wengi zaidi (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427001103/https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|archive-date=April 27, 2022|access-date=14 August 2022}} *{{Cite 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Representatives|url=http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human%2BRights%2BCaucus/Briefing%2BTestimonies/11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm|archive-date=27 December 2006|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm |date=27 Desemba 2006 }} *{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/|title=Mwanamke Afukuzwa Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Iran Kabla Tu ya Kupata Shahada kwa Sababu Yeye ni Mbaháʼí|date=29 July 2018|website=Center for Human Rights in Iran|access-date=23 August 2018|ref={{sfnRef|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}}}} *{{Cite book|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai|title=Dictionary.com Unabridged|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=2017|edition=4th|contribution=Baháʼí|ref={{sfnRef|Dictionary.com|2017}}}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|title=Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wachache wa Kidini nchini Iran|author=International Federation of Human Rights|date=August 2003|publisher=FIDH|location=Paris|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2006|access-date=20 October 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=Ripoti ya Uhuru wa Dini wa Kimataifa ya mwaka 2013|author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|date=2013|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=24 April 2015|ref={{sfnRef|International Religious Freedom Report|2013}}}} *{{Cite report|editor-last=Hackett|editor-first=Conrad|editor-last2=Grim|editor-first2=Brian J.|title=Mazingira ya Kidini ya Ulimwengu: Ripoti juu ya Ukubwa na Mgawanyo wa Makundi Makuu ya Dini Duniani kufikia mwaka 2010|pages=53–56 <!-- many other pages report various specific examples across many religions -->|publisher=Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life|via=Boston College|date=Dec 2012|url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/jesinst/pdf/Grim-globalReligion-full.pdf|access-date=Aug 16, 2022|ref={{sfnRef|Pew Global Religious Landscape|2012}}}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=December 2006|title=Imani Iliyonyimwa: Mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí wa Iran|access-date=1 May 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|archive-date=2009-06-18|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=15 May 2008b|title=IHRDC Yalaani Kukamatwa kwa Wabaháʼí Wanaoongoza|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|access-date=17 May 2008|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010|archivedate=2 Septemba 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=November 2008|title=Uhalifu dhidi ya Ubinadamu: Mashambulizi ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu dhidi ya Wabaháʼí|location=New Haven, CN|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008}}|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|title=Mwandishi Maalum kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] 5afum8fqjfxi7m6hsjy6vhp9yc37v3e 1582154 1582151 2026-07-27T15:22:12Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Milki ya Ottoman, ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} {{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo mamlaka ya Irani ikaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuamishwa kwake kwenda Constantinople (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinople kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Mamlaka ya Ottoman walimgeuka kwa sababu ya uchongezi uliyofanywa na balozi wa Persia, ambapo Serikali ya Sultani iliamuru kuhamishwa kwake kwenda Adrianople (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambapo Bahá'u'lláh alijibu kwa barua yenye onyo kali. Huko Adrianople walimweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote kwenda ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wafuasi wa Mirza Yahya walikuwa wamefungwa mjini humo pia, walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Ilikuwa katika koloni la Ottoman la ʻAkká au karibu nayo (Katika eneo la Israel ya sasa), Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianople, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizowaandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, alisafiri, akatoa hotuba, akafundisha na kuishi maisha ya kuonesha wazi kanuni za Dini ya Kibaháʼí, huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite book|title=Dini za Ulimwengu kwa Takwimu: Utangulizi wa Demografia ya Kimataifa ya Dini|last1=Johnson|first1=Todd M.|last2=Grim|first2=Brian J.|date=26 March 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-55576-7|pages=59–62|chapter=Idadi za Watu wa Dini Duniani, 1910–2010|doi=10.1002/9781118555767.ch1|chapter-url={{Google books|CkFVF8nFiqkC |page=59 |plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav|title=Irano nox|last=Kravetz|first=Marc|publisher=Grasset|year=1982|isbn=2-246-24851-5|location=Paris|page=237|language=fr|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17035-3|doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu|title=Baháʼí: Uundaji wa Kidini wa Utambulisho wa Kiujuma wa Dunia|last=McMullen|first=Michael D.|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8135-2836-4|location=Atlanta, GA|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaisofamericag0000mcmu|title=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani: Ukuaji wa Harakati ya Kidini|last=McMullen|first=Mike|date=2015|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-1-4798-5152-2|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsreligionsn0000unse|title=New Lion Handbook: The World's Religions|last=Momen|first=Moojan|publisher=Lion Hudson Plc|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7459-5266-6|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=Christopher H.|edition=3rd|place=Oxford, UK|contribution=Imani ya Baháʼí|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Momen|first=Wendi|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=371–383|chapter=Sura ya 31: Ndoa na maisha ya kifamilia|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-36|s2cid=244697438}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash|title=Mauaji ya siri ya Iran: Njama ya kuwaangamiza Wabahaʼi|last=Nash|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Neville Spearman Limited|year=1982|isbn=0-85435-005-5|location=Sudbury, Suffolk|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736|title=Makundi Madogo ya Kidini nchini Iran|last=Sanasarian|first=Eliz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-77073-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=52–53|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/2004worldalmanacbook00newy|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=World Almanac Books|year=2004|isbn=0-88687-910-8|editor-last=Park|editor-first=Ken|location=New York|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/liftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6|title=Kuinua Pazia|last1=Simpson|first1=John|last2=Shubart|first2=Tira|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton General Division|year=1995|isbn=0-340-62814-6|location=London|page=223|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C|title=Utangulizi wa Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Smith|first=Peter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-86251-6|location=Cambridge}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=501–512|chapter=Sura ya 41: Historia ya Imani za Kibábí na Kibahá’í|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-48|s2cid=244705793}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=614–621|chapter=Sura ya 50: Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|title=Dini na Utalii: Njia panda, Maeneo ya Kufikia, na Mikutano|url=https://archive.org/details/religiontourismc0000stau|last=Stausberg|first=Michael|date=2011|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-54931-8|location=Oxfordshire, UK|title=Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9|location=New York, NY|title=Imani ya Bahá'í, Vurugu, na Kutokuwa na Vurugu|last=Stockman|first=Robert H.|date=July 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-61344-6|editor1=James R. Lewis|series=Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence|location=Cambridge, UK|doi=10.1017/9781108613446|oclc=1173507653|editor2=Margo Kitts|s2cid=225389995}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=557–568|chapter=Sura ya 45: Amerika ya Kusini na Karibiani|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=569–580|chapter=Sura ya 46: Amerika ya Kaskazini|url=http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V4/p118-144Ch08.html#p125|title=The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 4: Mazra'ih & Bahji 1877–92|last=Taherzadeh|first=Adib|publisher=George Ronald|year=1987|isbn=0-85398-270-8|location=Oxford, UK|page=125|title=Wabahá'i wa Iran: Tafiti za kijamii-kihistoria|last=Tavakoli-Targhi|first=Mohamad|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-203-00280-3|editor-last1=Brookshaw|editor-first1=Dominic P.|location=New York|chapter=Upinzani dhidi ya Baháʼí na Uislamisti nchini Iran|editor2-last=Fazel|editor2-first=Seena B.}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse|title=Haki za binadamu za kidini katika mtazamo wa kimataifa: mitazamo ya kidini|last=Van der Vyer|first=J.D.|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=1996|isbn=90-411-0176-4|page=449|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Baháʼí|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2001|publisher=Signature Books|editor-last=Introvigne|series=Studies in Contemporary Religions|location=US|title=Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2006|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-0746-1|location=Leiden|oclc=234309958|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Yazdani|first=Mina|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=88–104|chapter=Sura ya 7: Maandishi na Matamshi ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-9|s2cid=244689327}} {{refend}} === Hazina ya Maarifa ya Ulimwengu === {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *'''Iranica''' **{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Waandishi Wengi|title=Bahaism|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=15 December 1988|volume=III|issue=4–5|pages=438–475|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-index|access-date=11 January 2021|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahaism|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM i. The Faith|volume=III|issue=4|pages=438–446|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-The Faith|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=422–429|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms|volume=III|issue=4–5|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii|pages=447–449|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai and Babi Schisms|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1989|article=BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=IV|issue=1|pages=12–14|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|year=2010|article=Mašreq al-Aḏkār|article-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}}}} **{{cite encyclopedia|last=Negahban|first=Ezzatollah|year=2020|article=BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter 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*{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/01/12/Iran.bahai.trial/|title=Kesi ya viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran yaanza kusikilizwa|date=12 January 2010a|access-date=4 February 2018|agency=CNN|ref={{sfnRef|CNN|2010a}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/09/16/iran.bahai.sentences/index.html|title=Adhabu za viongozi wa Wabaháʼí nchini Iran zaripotiwa kupunguzwa|date=16 September 2010b|access-date=25 September 2013|agency=CNN|ref={{sfnRef|CNN|2010b}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/A_Trial_In_Tehran_Their_Only_Crime__Their_Faith/2006448.html|title=Kesi huko Tehran: 'Hatia' yao pekee – Imani yao|last=Djavadi|first=Abbas|date=8 April 2010|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}} *{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/27/us/27religion.html|title=Kwa Wabaháʼí, ukandamizaji si habari mpya|last=Freedman|first=Samuel G.|date=26 June 2009|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://nyti.ms/2zT84eS|title=Iran yabomoa kuba la Hekalu la 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Free Europe|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1945379_1944604_1944622,00.html|title=Kuipiga marufuku Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Sullivan|first=Amy|date=8 December 2009|newspaper=Time|access-date=23 February 2012}} *{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/en/iran-politics/date-set-for-second-court-session/story/699231/|title=Tarehe yapangwa kwa kikao cha pili cha mahakama kwa Wabaháʼí saba nchini Iran|author=Washington TV|date=20 January 2010|access-date=21 January 2010}} {{refend}} {{refend}} === Nyingine === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|title=Mataifa yenye Wabaháʼí wengi zaidi (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427001103/https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|archive-date=April 27, 2022|access-date=14 August 2022}} *{{Cite 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Representatives|url=http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human%2BRights%2BCaucus/Briefing%2BTestimonies/11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm|archive-date=27 December 2006|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm |date=27 Desemba 2006 }} *{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/|title=Mwanamke Afukuzwa Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Iran Kabla Tu ya Kupata Shahada kwa Sababu Yeye ni Mbaháʼí|date=29 July 2018|website=Center for Human Rights in Iran|access-date=23 August 2018|ref={{sfnRef|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}}}} *{{Cite book|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai|title=Dictionary.com Unabridged|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=2017|edition=4th|contribution=Baháʼí|ref={{sfnRef|Dictionary.com|2017}}}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|title=Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wachache wa Kidini nchini Iran|author=International Federation of Human Rights|date=August 2003|publisher=FIDH|location=Paris|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2006|access-date=20 October 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=Ripoti ya Uhuru wa Dini wa Kimataifa ya mwaka 2013|author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|date=2013|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=24 April 2015|ref={{sfnRef|International Religious Freedom Report|2013}}}} *{{Cite report|editor-last=Hackett|editor-first=Conrad|editor-last2=Grim|editor-first2=Brian J.|title=Mazingira ya Kidini ya Ulimwengu: Ripoti juu ya Ukubwa na Mgawanyo wa Makundi Makuu ya Dini Duniani kufikia mwaka 2010|pages=53–56 <!-- many other pages report various specific examples across many religions -->|publisher=Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life|via=Boston College|date=Dec 2012|url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/jesinst/pdf/Grim-globalReligion-full.pdf|access-date=Aug 16, 2022|ref={{sfnRef|Pew Global Religious Landscape|2012}}}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=December 2006|title=Imani Iliyonyimwa: Mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí wa Iran|access-date=1 May 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|archive-date=2009-06-18|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=15 May 2008b|title=IHRDC Yalaani Kukamatwa kwa Wabaháʼí Wanaoongoza|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|access-date=17 May 2008|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010|archivedate=2 Septemba 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=November 2008|title=Uhalifu dhidi ya Ubinadamu: Mashambulizi ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu dhidi ya Wabaháʼí|location=New Haven, CN|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008}}|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|title=Mwandishi Maalum kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] swj7os63n3l3hdgc0vmxvwhv7ge0huy 1582250 1582154 2026-07-28T11:22:28Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Milki ya Ottoman, ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} {{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo mamlaka ya Irani ikaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuamishwa kwake kwenda Constantinople (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinople kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Mamlaka ya Ottoman walimgeuka kwa sababu ya uchongezi uliyofanywa na balozi wa Persia, ambapo Serikali ya Sultani iliamuru kuhamishwa kwake kwenda Adrianople (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambapo Bahá'u'lláh alijibu kwa barua yenye onyo kali. Huko Adrianople walimweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote kwenda ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wafuasi wa Mirza Yahya walikuwa wamefungwa mjini humo pia, walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Ilikuwa katika koloni la Ottoman la ʻAkká au karibu nayo (Katika eneo la Israel ya sasa), Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianople, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizowaandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa kiume wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, aliishi maisha ya kusafiri, akitoa hotuba, akifundisha, akielezea kanuni za Dini ya Kibahai na huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya hati 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu tu ya hati hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu wa Kimungu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango wa Kimungu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Paris Talks''. === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite book|title=Dini za Ulimwengu kwa Takwimu: Utangulizi wa Demografia ya Kimataifa ya Dini|last1=Johnson|first1=Todd M.|last2=Grim|first2=Brian J.|date=26 March 2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-55576-7|pages=59–62|chapter=Idadi za Watu wa Dini Duniani, 1910–2010|doi=10.1002/9781118555767.ch1|chapter-url={{Google books|CkFVF8nFiqkC |page=59 |plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranonox0000krav|title=Irano nox|last=Kravetz|first=Marc|publisher=Grasset|year=1982|isbn=2-246-24851-5|location=Paris|page=237|language=fr|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17035-3|doi=10.1163/ej.9789004170353.i-740|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaireligiousco0000mcmu|title=Baháʼí: Uundaji wa Kidini wa Utambulisho wa Kiujuma wa Dunia|last=McMullen|first=Michael D.|publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8135-2836-4|location=Atlanta, GA|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaisofamericag0000mcmu|title=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani: Ukuaji wa Harakati ya Kidini|last=McMullen|first=Mike|date=2015|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-1-4798-5152-2|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldsreligionsn0000unse|title=New Lion Handbook: The World's Religions|last=Momen|first=Moojan|publisher=Lion Hudson Plc|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7459-5266-6|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=Christopher H.|edition=3rd|place=Oxford, UK|contribution=Imani ya Baháʼí|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Momen|first=Wendi|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=371–383|chapter=Sura ya 31: Ndoa na maisha ya kifamilia|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-36|s2cid=244697438}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranssecretpogro0000nash|title=Mauaji ya siri ya Iran: Njama ya kuwaangamiza Wabahaʼi|last=Nash|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Neville Spearman Limited|year=1982|isbn=0-85435-005-5|location=Sudbury, Suffolk|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521770736|title=Makundi Madogo ya Kidini nchini Iran|last=Sanasarian|first=Eliz|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=0-521-77073-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=52–53|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/2004worldalmanacbook00newy|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=World Almanac Books|year=2004|isbn=0-88687-910-8|editor-last=Park|editor-first=Ken|location=New York|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/liftingveillifei0000simp_g2v6|title=Kuinua Pazia|last1=Simpson|first1=John|last2=Shubart|first2=Tira|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton General Division|year=1995|isbn=0-340-62814-6|location=London|page=223|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7zdDFTzNr0C|title=Utangulizi wa Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Smith|first=Peter|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-86251-6|location=Cambridge}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=501–512|chapter=Sura ya 41: Historia ya Imani za Kibábí na Kibahá’í|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-48|s2cid=244705793}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Smith|first=Peter|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=614–621|chapter=Sura ya 50: Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|title=Dini na Utalii: Njia panda, Maeneo ya Kufikia, na Mikutano|url=https://archive.org/details/religiontourismc0000stau|last=Stausberg|first=Michael|date=2011|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-54931-8|location=Oxfordshire, UK|title=Baháʼí Faith: A Guide For The Perplexed|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-8781-9|location=New York, NY|title=Imani ya Bahá'í, Vurugu, na Kutokuwa na Vurugu|last=Stockman|first=Robert H.|date=July 2020|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-61344-6|editor1=James R. Lewis|series=Cambridge Elements; Religion and Violence|location=Cambridge, UK|doi=10.1017/9781108613446|oclc=1173507653|editor2=Margo Kitts|s2cid=225389995}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022a|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=557–568|chapter=Sura ya 45: Amerika ya Kusini na Karibiani|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022b|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=569–580|chapter=Sura ya 46: Amerika ya Kaskazini|url=http://www.peyman.info/cl/Baha%27i/Others/ROB/V4/p118-144Ch08.html#p125|title=The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 4: Mazra'ih & Bahji 1877–92|last=Taherzadeh|first=Adib|publisher=George Ronald|year=1987|isbn=0-85398-270-8|location=Oxford, UK|page=125|title=Wabahá'i wa Iran: Tafiti za kijamii-kihistoria|last=Tavakoli-Targhi|first=Mohamad|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=978-0-203-00280-3|editor-last1=Brookshaw|editor-first1=Dominic P.|location=New York|chapter=Upinzani dhidi ya Baháʼí na Uislamisti nchini Iran|editor2-last=Fazel|editor2-first=Seena B.}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religioushumanri0000unse|title=Haki za binadamu za kidini katika mtazamo wa kimataifa: mitazamo ya kidini|last=Van der Vyer|first=J.D.|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=1996|isbn=90-411-0176-4|page=449|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Baháʼí|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2001|publisher=Signature Books|editor-last=Introvigne|series=Studies in Contemporary Religions|location=US|title=Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective|last=Warburg|first=Margit|date=2006|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-474-0746-1|location=Leiden|oclc=234309958|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Yazdani|first=Mina|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=88–104|chapter=Sura ya 7: Maandishi na Matamshi ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-9|s2cid=244689327}} {{refend}} === Hazina ya Maarifa ya Ulimwengu === {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *'''Iranica''' **{{Cite encyclopedia|author=Waandishi Wengi|title=Bahaism|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=15 December 1988|volume=III|issue=4–5|pages=438–475|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-index|access-date=11 January 2021|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahaism|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM i. The Faith|volume=III|issue=4|pages=438–446|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-i|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-The Faith|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Cole|first=Juan|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHĀʾ-ALLĀH|volume=III|issue=4|pages=422–429|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/baha-allah|access-date=30 December 2012|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=MacEoin|first=Denis|date=15 December 1988|publication-date=23 August 2011|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|article=BAHAISM iii. Bahai and Babi Schisms|volume=III|issue=4–5|article-url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-iii|pages=447–449|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai and Babi Schisms|1988}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|date=1989|article=BAYT-AL-ʿADL (House of Justice)|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bayt-al-adl-house-of-justice-a-bahai-administrative-institution|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|volume=IV|issue=1|pages=12–14|issn=2330-4804|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}}}} **{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Momen|first=Moojan|year=2010|article=Mašreq al-Aḏkār|article-url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mashreq-adkar|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}}}} **{{cite encyclopedia|last=Negahban|first=Ezzatollah|year=2020|article=BURIAL i. Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. 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2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] 9n5phz4v2m7csgs94d2yfljgk5em83q 0 191608 1582152 1367391 2026-07-27T15:17:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arianna De Masi''' (alizaliwa [[2 Juni]] [[1999]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Italia]] ambaye alishiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Paris]] ya mwaka [[2024]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Arianna De Masi |url=https://www.gaeta.it/arianna-de-masi-la-campionessa-di-atletica-pronta-a-brillare-ai-giochi-di-parigi-2024 |accessdate=2024-11-25 |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207155548/https://www.gaeta.it/arianna-de-masi-la-campionessa-di-atletica-pronta-a-brillare-ai-giochi-di-parigi-2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] ped91zwi1nc0up29qsdcm4uj4o7xfya 0 197276 1582224 1385513 2026-07-28T02:38:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dean Tuftin''' (alizaliwa [[28 Novemba]], [[1970]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa [[country]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref name="TeamRoping">{{cite web |title=The Inside Scoop with Dean Tuftin |url=https://teamropingjournal.com/roping-tips/inside-scoop-dean-tuftin |website=The Team Roping Journal |date=April 2007 |access-date=September 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Speed Williams |url=https://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/inductees/team-roping/speed-williams/ |website=ProRodeo Hall of Fame |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122191948/https://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/inductees/team-roping/speed-williams/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Santos |first1=Kendra |title=Rope Horse Revolution |url=https://teamropingjournal.com/news/rope-horse-revolution |website=teamropinggournal.com |date=April 27, 2018 |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] ffpjp0kp22hcatdotsvthd5s83lfdkc 0 198641 1582087 1508845 2026-07-27T12:59:50Z Emanuel Thobias Ngailo 91226 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kambi ya Kijeshi ya Rwampara''' ni kituo cha kijeshi kilichoko [[Bunia]], katika eneo ambalo sasa ni [[mkoa wa Ituri]], katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Mafunzo maalum == Kuanzia Julai 9 hadi 23, 2021, [[MONUSCO]] ilitoa mafunzo kwa maafisa na [[askari]] 652 wa Vikosi vya Wanajeshi vya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ([[FARDC]]) na washiriki wa [[Polisi ya Kitaifa ya Kongo] ] (PNC), ikiwa ni pamoja na mwanamke mmoja, kuhusu mikakati ya kijeshi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mbinu za vita msituni, usimamizi wa vilipuzi visivyolipuka, kushughulikia au hata kurusha silaha. Mafunzo haya, ambayo yalibadilisha nadharia na vitendo, yalifanyika kulingana na moduli kati ya kambi za kijeshi za Rwampara na Ndoromo, kilomita 8 na 3 kutoka Bunia, huko Ituri. Ilinufaika kutokana na utaalam wa vitengo maalum vya vikosi vya Brazil na Guatemala, kwa usaidizi wa vikosi vya Bangladeshi na Nepalese vilivyotumwa huko Ituri. Mafunzo hayo pia yamewezesha kuongeza uelewa wa washiriki kuhusu kuheshimu haki za binadamu, sheria za kimataifa za kibinadamu, ulinzi wa watu waliokimbia makazi yao na unyanyasaji wa kijinsia unaohusishwa na migogoro ya silaha.<ref>Ituri : la MONUSCO forme plus de 650 officiers et soldats congolais aux tactiques de combat dans la jungle |url= https://monusco.unmissions.org/ituri-la-monusco-forme-plus-de-650-officiers-et-soldats-congolais-aux-tactiques-de-combat-dans-la {{Wayback|url=https://monusco.unmissions.org/ituri-la-monusco-forme-plus-de-650-officiers-et-soldats-congolais-aux-tactiques-de-combat-dans-la |date=20250128200210 }} |site= monusco.unmissions.org |date=26 juillet 2021 |consulté le=24 janvier 2025</ref>, <ref>Appui aux FARDC : la MONUSCO forme des forces spéciales congolaises à Rwampara |url= https://peacekeeping.un.org/fr/appui-aux-fardc-la-monusco-forme-des-forces-speciales-congolaises-rwampara {{Wayback|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/fr/appui-aux-fardc-la-monusco-forme-des-forces-speciales-congolaises-rwampara |date=20250128200135 }} |site= peacekeeping.un.org |date=08 novembre 2022 |consulté le=24 janvier 2025</ref>. Kama sehemu ya msaada kwa Kikosi cha Wanajeshi wa DRC (FARDC), kikosi maalum cha Guatemala cha MONUSCO kilizindua Alhamisi, Novemba 3, 2022 huko Ituri, mafunzo ya vikosi viwili vya jeshi la Kongo vilivyoitwa kuwa vikosi maalum au vitengo vya komando. kupambana na makundi yenye silaha. Baadhi ya wanajeshi 64 wa FARDC wakisimamiwa na maafisa watano (05) wa Kongo na maafisa wasio na kamisheni watafuata mafunzo haya ya kijeshi ya mwezi mmoja, yanayotolewa na wakufunzi 21 wa Guatemala kutoka Goma na ambayo yanafanyika katika kituo cha FARDC huko Rwampara, takriban kilomita 7 kutoka Bunia<ref>Appui aux FARDC : la MONUSCO forme des forces spéciales congolaises à Rwampara |url= https://monusco.unmissions.org/appui-aux-fardc-la-monusco-forme-des-forces-sp%C3%A9ciales-congolaises-%C3%A0-rwampara {{Wayback|url=https://monusco.unmissions.org/appui-aux-fardc-la-monusco-forme-des-forces-sp%C3%A9ciales-congolaises-%C3%A0-rwampara |date=20240419053027 }} |site= monusco.unmissions.org |date=08 novembre 2022 |consulté le=24 janvier 2025}}</ref>. Mafunzo hayo yalijumuisha mbinu, kuvizia, uvamizi, misheni maalum, kukusanya na kutenganisha silaha, udhibiti wa askari, udhibiti wa hali mbaya, pamoja na haki za binadamu. Wanajeshi wapya 400 wa Jeshi la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (FARDC) walipewa mafunzo ya mbinu za kivita na walinda amani wa MONUSCO katika kambi ya kijeshi ya Rwampara, huko Ituri. Mafunzo haya ya mwezi mmoja, yaliyomalizika tarehe 8 Julai, 2024, yalilenga kuwaandaa vyema zaidi ili kutekeleza mapambano katika maeneo ambayo ni magumu kufikiwa. == Juhudi za hivi majuzi == Kikosi kipya cha makomandoo cha kuimarisha operesheni za kijeshi zinazofanywa na FARDC huko Ituri kilipokelewa Alhamisi hii, Julai 6, 2020. Sherehe ya kuwachukua wapiganaji hao ilifanyika Rwampara, kituo cha mafunzo kilichoko takriban kilomita 15 kutoka magharibi mwa Bunia uwepo wa Jenerali Kiezo Thomas, mkuu wa majeshi ya nchi kavu anayesimamia utawala na usafirishaji pamoja na mamlaka zingine kadhaa za kisiasa na kijeshi. Alipowasiliana na buniaactualite.com kuhusu suala hili, Luteni Jules Ngongo, msemaji wa jeshi huko Ituri, anaonyesha kwamba wanajeshi wamepanga mafunzo na mafunzo ya wanajeshi wapya katika majimbo yote ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. "Vikosi vya jeshi (Mkoa wa 32 wa Kijeshi) kama sehemu ya masharti ambayo ni mafunzo na mafunzo, wameandaa mafunzo ya kufufua kwa vitengo vya jeshi kutoka kila mahali, ili kuunda kikosi maalum cha kuingilia haraka kwa usalama na msaada mzuri kwa vipengele vya vikosi vya kijeshi vinavyohusika na operesheni za Zoruba Ya Ituri katika eneo la Djugu,” alieleza. Luteni Jules Ngongo aliongeza kuwa kikosi hiki kitaongozwa na Luteni Kanali ambaye hakutaja jina lake<ref>Ituri: l’armée renforcée par un nouveau bataillon commandos |langue=fr |url= https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-73671_ituri_l_armee_renforcee_par_un_nouveau_bataillon_commandos.html |site= mediacongo.net |date=07 août 2020 |consulté le=24 janvier 2025</ref>. == Malumbano == Wakati wa 2000, migogoro ya uongozi inayoendelea ilizua mkanganyiko wa kisiasa na kiutawala katika maeneo ya kaskazini mashariki mwa Kongo ambayo RDC-ML inadai kudhibiti. Viongozi watatu wakuu wa RCD-ML, Wamba dia Wamba kwa upande mmoja, na manaibu wake wawili Mbusa Nyamwisi na Tibasima Ateenyi kwa upande mwingine, walianzisha miundo sambamba ya kisiasa na kiutawala huko Bunia, [[mji mkuu]] wa RCD-ML, na katika mji wa Beni<ref>titre= III. CONFUSION POLITIQUE |langue=fr |url= https://www.hrw.org/legacy/french/reports/drc2001/rdcred-02.htm |site= hrw.org|consulté le=24 janvier 2025</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:mkoa wa Ituri]] iojh4uto7vknvjttsotiabbg819nqqm 0 202622 1582199 1502158 2026-07-27T19:41:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Cameron Murray''' ([[20 Juni]] [[1944]] – [[19 Februari]] [[2025]]), anajulikana zaidi kama Cammy Murray, alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Aliichezea nafasi ya beki wa kulia kwa timu za St Mirren, Motherwell na Arbroath katika miaka ya [[1960]] na [[1970]]. <ref name="St Mirren">{{Rejea tovuti|date=19 Februari 2025|title=St Mirren Football Club saddened by passing of Cammy Murray|url=https://www.stmirren.com/all-news/5776-st-mirren-football-club-saddened-by-passing-of-cammy-murray|website=[[St Mirren F.C.]]|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=2025-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529180022/https://www.stmirren.com/all-news/5776-st-mirren-football-club-saddened-by-passing-of-cammy-murray|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Cammy Murray Shares His Memories of Albert and the Club|url=https://arbroathfc.co.uk/cammy-murray-shares-his-memories-of-albert-and-the-club/|website=[[Arbroath F.C.]]|access-date=20 February 2025|archive-date=2025-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220184612/https://arbroathfc.co.uk/cammy-murray-shares-his-memories-of-albert-and-the-club/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Cammy Murray|url=https://www.arbroatharchive.co.uk/player.php?id=1646|website=Arbroath Archive|access-date=20 February 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uskoti]] hj4cqbwxrbfnygda7q3c6nildl8xsw1 0 208217 1582216 1434031 2026-07-27T22:49:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clémentine Nzuji''' (alijulikana kama '''Faïk-Nzuji Madiya''' wakati wa sera ya kuzaïrisha; alizaliwa Tshofa, [[Mkoa wa Kasai Mashariki]], 21 Januari 1944) ni profesa, mwandishi na mshairi kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Wasifu == Clémentine Nzuji alisoma katika taasisi ya kidini ya Sacré-Cœur, kisha katika Shule ya Kawaida ya Kinshasa. Mapema miaka ya 1960, alipata digrii ya falsafa ya Kiafrika kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Zaire na akaanza kazi yake kama mshairi. Kuanzia 1964 hadi 1966, aliongoza " mzunguko wa kitamaduni wa Pléiade » <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=id|title=Lk21 Situs Nonton Film Streaming Gratis Sub Indo|url=http://www.faik-nzuji.com/initiatives/5-creation-de-la-pleiade-du-congo|accessdate=16-04-2023|archive-date=2013-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226073628/http://www.faik-nzuji.com/initiatives/5-creation-de-la-pleiade-du-congo|url-status=dead}}.</ref> katika Chuo Kikuu cha Lovanium . Upendo wake kwa ushairi ulimleta kwenye Tamasha la Dakar mnamo 1969, ambapo alishinda tuzo ya kwanza katika shindano la ushairi la [[Leopold Sedar Senghor|Léopold Sédar Senghor]] <sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><nowiki><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide."><span typeof="mw:Entity">[</span></nowiki> ref.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>lazima <nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">]</span></nowiki><nowiki></span></nowiki></sup> . Alifundisha fasihi simulizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Zaire kuanzia 1972 hadi 1978 na katika Chuo Kikuu cha Niamey kuanzia 1978 hadi 1980. Lakini tangu 1980 ameishi na mumewe nchini [[Ubelgiji]] ambapo anafundisha isimu na fasihi simulizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kikatoliki cha Louvain <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mots Pluriels Clémentine M. Faïk-Nzuji<!-- Vérifiez ce titre -->|url=http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP2403cmfn.html|accessdate=22-05-2021}}.</ref> . Mnamo 1983, alitetea tasnifu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III juu ya fasihi simulizi ya tamaduni tofauti za [[Afrika ya Kati|Afrika ya Kati na Magharibi]] (Togo, Benin, Niger).Mnamo 1986, alianzisha Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Lugha, Fasihi na Mila za Kiafrika katika Huduma ya Maendeleo (CILTADE) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=CILTADE Nzuji|url=http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/Ciltade.html|accessdate=22-05-2021}}.</ref> katika Chuo Kikuu cha Louvain, ambacho alielekeza pamoja na waandishi wengine, haswa kaka yake, mshairi Mukala Kadima Nzuji . === Riwaya === * ''Anya: Coming-of-age riwaya'', matoleo ya Thomas Mols, 2007 - 193 kurasa <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=nvnEJngvuuoC&printsec=frontcover|title=Anya|last=Clémentine Faïk-Nzuji Madiya|last2=Clémentine Faïk-Nzuji|publisher=|year=2007|isbn=978-2-930480-00-8|pages=193|language=fr}}. </ref> . * "Kasala : mashairi", katika : ''Congo-Africa'', (Leopoldville), mwaka wa 6. , No. 1, Januari 1966, p.22-27. * ''Minong'ono : mashairi'' . Kinshasa :Mh. Barua za Kongo ; Ofisi ya Taifa ya Utafiti na Maendeleo (ONRD), [1968], 15 p. * ''Kasala na mashairi mengine'', Kinshasa : Mandore, 1969, 53 p. * ''Wakati wa Wapenzi'', Vielelezo na Moussa Diouf. Kinshasa : Toleo la Mandore, 1969, 43 p. , mgonjwa. * ''Lianes'', [Imetanguliwa na Kusomwa na Maurice Hambursin]. Kinshasa/Lovanium :Mh. kutoka Mont Noir, coll. Lengo la 80, Msururu wa Fasihi Changa, Na. 4, 1971, 31 p. * ''Ishara zilizokatishwa'', Lubumbashi, Mandore, 1976, 46 p. === Mapitio ya kazi yake === * Clémentine Faïk-Nzuji na Tzvetan Todorov, ''“ Hadithi inayojichambua yenyewe »'', Fabula, 17 (1976), p&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">182-188</span> . == Viungo vya nje == * https://www.faik-nzuji.net/ ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1944|}} [[Jamii:waandishi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] cgoody2ccb7as78c6a9zwnuhioq1y73 4 208508 1582138 1582071 2026-07-27T14:47:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 944 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1011 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 525 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 9dge2ibv7eg0rgl8et39o7cc50yjq3r 1582141 1582138 2026-07-27T14:50:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 944 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1011 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 525 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} gzs98u91z39okqsqys7t60s7miqmtxc 1582200 1582141 2026-07-27T19:42:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1011 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 525 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} h3n0jdnj1zilnrytevfssban935xypv 1582201 1582200 2026-07-27T19:44:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 579 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2400 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1011 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 380 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 486 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 525 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 235 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 821 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 360 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} c0cppy84efu963s521bmnsgloy1d3cz 1582225 1582201 2026-07-28T02:50:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 561 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 445 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23059 || ↓ -25.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 133.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -19.6% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 944 || ↓ -30.2% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 821 || ↓ -51.2% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 579 || ↓ -22.5% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 525 || ↑ +2.9% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 498 || ↓ -19.9% |- | 7 || [[Hispania]] || 497 || ↑ +80.7% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 493 || ↑ +12.0% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 486 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 449 || ↑ +42.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} drbayeo3guspqyv75292e945ax8qiib 1582227 1582225 2026-07-28T03:13:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 561 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 445 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 7225 || ↓ -28.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 41.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 3 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 383 || ↓ -31.6% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 343 || ↓ -26.9% |- | 8 || [[Norwei]] || 274 || ↑ +70.2% |- | 9 || [[Uswisi]] || 234 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 10 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 217 || ↓ -27.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} tq77h5bvg2ta8y0uvxe8xznax0se03w 1582229 1582227 2026-07-28T08:42:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 561 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 445 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 7225 || ↓ -28.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 41.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 3 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 4 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 383 || ↓ -31.6% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 343 || ↓ -26.9% |- | 8 || [[Norwei]] || 274 || ↑ +70.2% |- | 9 || [[Uswisi]] || 234 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 10 || [[Ubelgiji]] || 217 || ↓ -27.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} ifx0u2gmd6y973jb90j77vvdo7gaf6e 1582230 1582229 2026-07-28T08:45:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 459 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 561 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 922 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 310 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 445 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 12967 || ↓ -26.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 75.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 922 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 4 || [[Ufaransa]] || 512 || ↑ +3.0% |- | 5 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 7 || [[Misri]] || 445 || ↑ +45.0% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 383 || ↓ -31.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 10 || [[Irani]] || 344 || ↓ -27.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} jynjbff74xqx4ecob07u88tnos7krfp 0 209293 1582147 1442834 2026-07-27T14:55:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Traditional_Tanzanian_food_-_pilau_kuku,_mishkaki,_ndizi,_&c..JPG|thumb|Vyakula vya Kitanzania.]] '''Mapishi ya Tanzania''' yameathiriwa sana na mazingira ya kijiografia, utamaduni wa makabila takriban 120, na historia ya biashara ya baharini. Vyakula vya pwani vina ladha za baharini na viungo kama [[Nazi (tunda)|nazi]], [[pilipili]], na [[tangawizi]], vinavyoashiria ushawishi wa Waraba na [[Waarabu]] waliokuwa wakitumia bandari za [[Tanzania]] kama sehemu ya biashara.<ref>Tanzania Tourism Board, 2023</ref> Katika mikoa ya ndani kama [[Kilimanjaro (Moshi Mjini)|Kilimanjaro]] na [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]], vyakula vinajumuisha mazao ya kilimo kama [[mahindi]], [[Kiazi|viazi]], na [[ngano]], huku wakazi wakitumia mboga za majani na [[nyama]] kama sehemu ya chakula chao cha kila siku.<ref>Food and Agriculture Organization, 2021</ref> == Vyakula Maarufu na Mbinu za Kupika == === Ugali na Samaki === Ugali, unaotengenezwa kwa unga wa [[mahindi]] au [[mtama]], ni chakula cha msingi kwa wakazi wengi wa Tanzania. Mara nyingi huliwa pamoja na mboga za majani kama [[mchicha]] au kunde na [[samaki]] wa maji safi au baharini, ambao hupikwa kwa kukaanga, kuchemsha, au kuangwa.<ref>National Bureau of Statistics Tanzania, 2022</ref> === Mchuzi wa Maharage na Mboga === Mchuzi wa maharage ni maarufu hasa katika maeneo ya Kati na Kaskazini mwa Tanzania. [[Maharagwe|Maharage]] hupikwa na viungo kama vitunguu, nyanya, pilipili, na unga wa nazi, na huliwa pamoja na wali au ugali.<ref>FAO, 2021</ref> === Chapati === Chapati ni vyakula vilivyoingia nchini Tanzania kupitia ushawishi wa Kihindi, hasa katika mikoa ya Pwani na [[Dar es Salaam]]. Hivi vyakula hutumiwa kama chakula cha mchana au asubuhi na mara nyingine huliwa pamoja na vinywaji vinavyoambatana na chai.<ref>Tanzania Culinary Review, 2022</ref> == Utamaduni wa Chakula == Katika sherehe na sikukuu kama [[Krismasi]], [[Pasaka]], na sikukuu za Kiislamu, mapishi huchukua nafasi kubwa. Chakula kinatengenezwa kwa ushirikiano mkubwa wa familia na jamii, na mara nyingi huandaliwa kwa wingi kama ishara ya ukarimu na mshikamano.<ref>UNICEF Tanzania, 2020</ref> Kila kabila lina vyakula vyake maalum ambavyo vinahifadhiwa na kupitishwa kizazi hadi kizazi. Kwa mfano, [[Wamasai]] wanajulikana kwa matumizi ya nyama mbichi na maziwa ya [[Ng'ombe|ng’ombe]], wakati [[Wakwere]] na [[Wazaramo]] wanajivunia vyakula vya samaki waliopikwa kwa njia za asili.<ref>Ethnographic Journal of East Africa, 2019</ref> == Mabadiliko ya Kisasa katika Mapishi == Kwa kuongezeka kwa mijini na ushawishi wa kimataifa, [[mapishi]] ya Tanzania yanazidi kuingiliana na vyakula vya kigeni kama pizza, burgers, na vyakula vya haraka. Hata hivyo, vyakula vya asili vinaendelea kuenziwa na kuendelea kuwa sehemu ya maisha ya kila siku, hasa vijijini na mikoani.<ref>World Bank Tanzania, 2023</ref> [[Mgahawa|Migahawa]] mingi nchini sasa inajumuisha vyakula vya kitamaduni kwenye menyu zao ili kuhifadhi utamaduni na kuvutia watalii.<ref>Tanzania Tourism Board, 2023</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Africa in topic|Mapishi ya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} [[Jamii:chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] tqc8x9n5rog9tnf6qam76qe86tral6o 0 209294 1582130 1442816 2026-07-27T14:43:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582130 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:MyPlate gov Cultural Food (20241025-USDA-FNS-UNK-0061).jpg|thumb|Chakula cha Kisomali]] '''Mapishi ya Somalia''' ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa taifa hili la [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]], yakiakisi historia, mazingira, na tamaduni za watu wa [[Somalia]]. Chakula cha Somalia kina mchanganyiko wa ladha za Kiarabu, Ki[[afrika]], na [[Asia]], ambacho hujumuisha viungo vya kipekee, mboga mboga, na vyakula vya nyama. == Asili na Athari za Kitamaduni == Chakula cha Somalia kimeathiriwa sana na historia yake kama taifa la kibiashara na kivita katika Pwani ya Afrika Mashariki. Kusafiri kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] kutoka Mashariki ya Kati na Asia kumekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuongeza [[ladha]] na mbinu mpya za kupika. Kwa mfano, matumizi ya [[karafuu]], [[mdalasini]], na [[pilipili]] vimechangia kutoa ladha ya kipekee kwa vyakula vya Somalia.<ref>Somali Cuisine and Culture Journal, 2021</ref> == Mapishi ya Somalia == Somalia ina vyakula vingi vinavyopendwa, ambavyo ni sehemu ya maisha ya kila siku na sherehe: === Bariis (Wali wa Somali) === Bariis ni wali wenye harufu ya viungo kama [[mdalasini]], [[karafuu]], na bizari. Mara nyingi hutolewa pamoja na nyama kama [[samaki]], [[kuku]], au nyama ya [[Ng'ombe|ng’ombe]]. Huu ni mlo wa kawaida na muhimu katika familia nyingi za Somalia.<ref>African Culinary Traditions, 2019</ref> === Canjeero (Muufo wa Somali) === Canjeero ni aina ya mkate mwembamba, mviringo na mwepesi, unaopikwa kwa kutumia unga wa [[ngano]] au [[mtama]]. Huu mkate hutumiwa kama kifungua kinywa au chakula cha mchana pamoja na maharagwe, supu, au maziwa ya ng’ombe.<ref>Somalia Food Heritage, 2020</ref> === Suqaar (Nyama ya Kukata-kata) === Suqaar ni nyama iliyokatwa vipande vidogo vidogo na kupikwa pamoja na [[Kitunguu|vitunguu]], [[pilipili]], na viungo vingine. Huu mlo hutumiwa pamoja na bariis au canjeero na ni maarufu sana.<ref>East African Food Review, 2022</ref> === Maraq (Supu ya Somalia) === Maraq ni supu yenye viungo vingi kama karafuu, mdalasini, na pilipili, mara nyingi hutengenezwa kwa nyama ya [[Ng'ombe|ng’ombe]] au [[kuku]]. Hii supu hutumiwa wakati wa chakula cha jioni au sherehe maalum.<ref>Traditional Somali Recipes, 2021</ref> == Mboga na Matunda == Ingawa nyama ni sehemu kubwa ya mlo wa Somalia, mboga kama [[mchicha]], spinachi, na kunde hutumiwa sana katika mapishi ya kila siku. Matunda kama ndizi, zabibu, na maembe ni sehemu ya chakula cha kila siku na pia hutumiwa kuandaa vinywaji vya asili kama juice na chai.<ref>Somali Food Culture Studies, 2018</ref> == Vinywaji vya Kiasili == Chai ya Somali ni chai yenye sukari nyingi na viungo kama cardamom, [[mdalasini]], na [[tangawizi]]. Pia hutumiwa kinywaji cha muuaji-mawazo kinachotengenezwa kwa kahawa yenye viungo maalum.<ref>Somalia Beverage Traditions, 2020</ref> == Mlo wa Sherehe na Maadhimisho == Katika sherehe kama ndoa au sikukuu za kidini, chakula huwa na hadhi ya pekee. Watu huandaa mlo mkubwa wenye vyakula kama bariis, suqaar, mara nyingi akifuatana na ndizi za kukaangwa na maharagwe. Chakula huwa kitamu na chenye ladha kali zaidi.<ref>Cultural Celebrations of Somalia, 2019</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Africa in topic|Mapishi ya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] sp7ue7dojzwtod1wvpsqs4hqu63ma3k 0 209299 1582149 1442808 2026-07-27T14:58:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582149 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb|Nsima.]] '''Mapishi ya Malawi''' yanahusu kwanza chakula kikuu nchini, [[nsima]], ambao ni uji mnene wa unga wa [[mahindi]], unaoliwa karibu kila siku kwa kuambatana na mboga au [[nyama]]. Malawi pia inajulikana kwa matumizi ya [[samaki]] wengi kutoka [[Nyasa (ziwa)|Ziwa Malawi]], hasa chambo, kampango, na usipa. == Chakula Kikuu: Nsima == Nsima ni chakula kinachotayarishwa kwa kupika unga wa [[mahindi]] hadi kuwa na muundo mzito. Hiki ni chakula kinachofanana na ugali wa nchi nyingine za [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]. Huliwa mara nyingi kwa mikono, pamoja na mboga za majani kama chisoso (mboga pori), nyama, au samaki wa kukaanga au kuchemshwa. Kwa maeneo ya vijijini, nsima pia hutayarishwa kwa unga wa [[mtama]] au [[muhogo]] hasa msimu wa uhaba wa mahindi.<ref>Mvula, P. P. 2015. Traditional Foods of Malawi, African Culinary Heritage Series</ref> == Samaki kutoka Ziwa Malawi == Ziwa Malawi ni chanzo kikuu cha lishe ya samaki nchini Malawi. Aina maarufu za samaki ni: * Chambo – hupikwa kwa kukaangwa au kuchemshwa kwa mchuzi wa nyanya na vitunguu. * Kampango – samaki mkubwa anayepikwa kwa kuoka au kupikwa na [[Nazi (tunda)|nazi]]. * Usipa – samaki wadogo wanaokaushwa na kutumiwa kama kiungo au kitoweo.<ref>Chirwa, E. 2017. Fisheries and Food Culture in Malawi, Malawi Journal of Agriculture and Food Science</ref> Katika miji ya [[mikoa]] ya Ziwa, kama Mangochi na Nkhata Bay, samaki ni kitovu cha mapishi ya kila siku. == Mboga za Asili na Kiungo == Mboga za kienyeji kama bondwe, chisoso, na mpiru hutumika sana. Zinaandaliwa kwa kuchemshwa au kukaangwa na mafuta kidogo, vitunguu, na nyanya. Kiungo cha jadi cha dende (mbegu ya mawese) hutumika maeneo ya kusini mwa Malawi. Mapishi ya Malawi pia hujumuisha matumizi ya viungo vichache, kikubwa kikiwa ladha ya asili ya chakula, tofauti na mapishi yenye viungo vingi vya Asia.<ref>Kaluma, R. 2014. Culinary Identity of Southern Africa, University of Malawi Press</ref> == Vyakula Maalum vya Sikukuu == Katika sherehe za harusi, [[mazishi]] au sikukuu za jadi kama Gule Wamkulu, vyakula huandaliwa kwa namna ya kipekee. Pilau ya kuku, nyama choma, na wali wa nazi hupikwa, hasa kwa wageni maalum. Vyakula hivi huonyesha heshima na [[ukarimu]] wa jamii ya Wamalawi.<ref>Nyirenda, L. 2020. Food and Celebration in Malawi Culture, Blantyre Cultural Review</ref> == Vinywaji vya Jadi == Thobwa, kinywaji kilichotengenezwa kwa mchanganyiko wa unga wa mahindi uliochemshwa, ni maarufu zaidi vijijini. Hunywewa wakati wa baridi na hutumika kama kinywaji cha kawaida nyumbani. Katika maeneo mengine, kinywaji chenye kilevi cha kienyeji kinachoitwa masese hutengenezwa kwa kuachwa kuchachuka. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Africa in topic|Mapishi ya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] 292yqi1h00e5n3ggtpyvgo8swhlovnv 3 211717 1582232 1580699 2026-07-28T09:07:46Z Eibrahim77 68081 /* */ Jibu 1582232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|Abubakari Sixberth]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|majadiliano]])''' 08:46, 15 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Ndugu, umeanza kuchangia vizuri, ila makala ni fupi mno. Jitahidi kuongeza walau mistari michache. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) ::sawa tafanyia kazi hilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Eibrahim77|Eibrahim77]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eibrahim77#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) km9qllqbuph4vyzdtivwvlicj4i0vki 0 212279 1582252 1447234 2026-07-28T11:51:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eilís Nic Eachnaidh''' ([[15 Januari]] [[1898]] – [[21 Mei]] [[1982]]) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa Jamhuri ya [[Ireland]] na Utaifa wa Ireland. ==Maisha ya Awali== Alizaliwa Elizabeth Aughney kwa wazazi Patrick Aughney na MaryAnne Dargen wa Roscat, Tullow, County Carlow. Familia yake ilikuwa ya wakulima na yeye alikuwa kati ya [[wasichana]] watano na [[mtoto]] mmoja wa kiume. Alisoma katika University College [[Dublin]] ambapo alikamilisha diploma ya ualimu na kujiingiza katika shirika la taifa la Ireland, Cumann na mBan, kwa sehemu kupitia ushauri wa mlezi wake, Profesa Boden. Alijiunga na dada yake Dr Honoria Aughney.<ref>{{cite web |title=Irish Genealogy -Birth cert |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/birth_returns/births_1898/02093/1798114.pdf |website=civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1901 National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911 |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Carlow/Tullowbeg/Roscat/1044665/ |website=www.census.nationalarchives.ie |accessdate=2025-08-23 |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123035005/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Carlow/Tullowbeg/Roscat/1044665/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1898|1982}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ireland]] o27b8wczz0103oqmm3gswp21tlna3a9 0 214043 1582108 1581659 2026-07-27T14:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angelina Ngalula''' ni mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Bravo Group Limited<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=TPSF chair bags prestigious award - Daily News|url=https://dailynews.co.tz/tpsf-chair-bags-prestigious-award/|date=2023-03-26|accessdate=2025-09-24|language=en-US|author=DAILYNEWS Reporter}}</ref>, kampuni ya usafirishaji wa malori ya masafa marefu nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ngalula pia ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya usambazaji wa kilimo ya Agricom Africa<ref name=":0" />. Zaidi ya hayo, ni mwenyekiti wa [[shirikisho]] la [[Sekta Binafsi|sekta binafsi]] [[Tanzania]] (Tanzania Private Sector Foundation /TPSF)<ref>{{Cite web|title=TPSF – The Voice of the Private Sector in Tanzania|url=https://www.tpsf.or.tz/|accessdate=2025-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref> na mtu mashuhuri wa umma nchini Tanzania na barani [[Afrika]] kwa ujumla. Ndiye mwenyekiti wa mwisho wa East African Business Council (Bazara la Biashara la Afrika Mashariki)<ref>Executive Committee - East African Business Council</ref> ambapo alitetea mawazo ya kikanda kwa ajili ya soko la [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]], akizitaka serikali kukuza [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]] kama kivutio kimoja cha uwekezaji<ref>{{Cite web|title=MARKET EAST AFRICA AS A SINGLE INVESTMENT DESTINATION – URGES EABC CHAIRPERSON ANGELINA NGALULA - East African Business Council|url=https://eabc-online.com/market-east-africa-as-a-single-investment-destination-urges-eabc-chairperson-angelina-ngalula/|work=eabc-online.com|accessdate=2025-09-14|language=en-US|author=EABC|archive-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908204057/https://eabc-online.com/market-east-africa-as-a-single-investment-destination-urges-eabc-chairperson-angelina-ngalula/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Miongoni mwa mengine, alihudhuria kongamano la 14 la ngazi ya juu la [[Sekta Binafsi|sekta binafsi]] ya [[Umoja wa Afrika]] mwaka wa 2023<ref>{{Cite web|title=REMARKS BY MADAM ANGELINA NGALULA, EABC CHAIRPERSON DURING THE 14TH AFRICAN UNION HIGH-LEVEL PRIVATE SECTOR {{!}} African Union|url=https://au.int/en/speeches/20230710/remarks-madam-angelina-ngalula-eabc-chairperson-during-14th-african-union-high|work=au.int|accessdate=2025-09-14|archive-date=2025-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220190955/https://au.int/en/speeches/20230710/remarks-madam-angelina-ngalula-eabc-chairperson-during-14th-african-union-high|url-status=dead}}</ref> huko [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] ambapo alitoa wito kwa vyama vyote vya [[serikali]] chini ya uongozi wa [[Umoja wa Afrika]] kujenga eneo bora la biashara la bara. Ngalula ametangazwa kuwa "malkia mwenye ushawishi mkubwa chini ya kitengo cha uongozi wa biashara"<ref name=":0" /> katika Tuzo za Malkia wa Nguvu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home - Malkia wa Nguvu|url=https://malkiawanguvu.co.tz/|date=2020-12-08|accessdate=2025-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref> huko [[Mlimani City]], [[Dar es Salaam]] mnamo 2023. == Maoni == Ngalula ametetea [[haki za wanawake]] nchini [[Tanzania]] mara kadhaa hivi karibuni. Amekuwa akibainisha kuwa majukumu ya kijinsia ya kitamaduni hayafai kuwazuia wanawake kuanzisha biashara zao<ref>Bold Steps in Business: Angelina Ngalula ChallengeS Women to Break Barriers – Kilimo Kwanza</ref> na anawahimiza wanawake kuiga mfano wake kuwa mwanamke aliyefanikiwa kibiashara. Zaidi ya masuala ya haki za wanawake nchini Tanzania, amekuwa akiitaka serikali ya [[Tanzania]] kushughulikia ongezeko la ushindani kati ya [[Mfanyabiashara|wafanyabiashara]] wa nje na wa ndani. [[Mwezi]] wa Machi 2025 alihimiza serikali kutekeleza kanuni za "kuzuia wawekezaji wa kigeni kufanya kazi katika sekta zilizotengwa kwa ajili ya wenyeji"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sekta binafsi yalia wageni kuchukua fursa zao kibiashara|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/sekta-binafsi-yalia-wageni-kuchukua-fursa-zao-kibiashara-4981728|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-03-27|accessdate=2025-09-14|language=en}}</ref>. Serikali ya [[Tanzania]] ilitekeleza kanuni kama hizo miezi michache baadaye<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzania bans foreigners from key businesses, risks regional fallout|url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/07/31/tanzania-bans-for-non-citizens-from-running-small-businesses/|work=Africanews|date=2025-07-31CEST11:00:49+02:00|accessdate=2025-09-14|language=en|author=AfricaNews}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:wanawake wa Tanzania]] f5soqpfdaw34bq56cmmmtf7jmja0ppa 0 218913 1582140 1476467 2026-07-27T14:49:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Anthonique Strachan 2013 World Championships in Athletics.jpg|thumb|Anthonique Strachan]] '''Anthonique Strachan''' (/strɔːn/; alizaliwa [[22 Agosti]] [[1993]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio fupi kutoka [[Bahama]]. Yeye ni bingwa wa dunia wa vijana wa mwaka 2012 katika mbio za mita 100 na mita 200. Alishiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya mwaka 2012, 2016 na 2020, akishindana katika mbio za mita 200 na mbio za kupokezana za 4 × 400 mita.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Athletics STRACHAN Anthonique|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1296128-strachan-anthonique.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-08-30|work=Tokyo 2020 Olympics|publisher=[[Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games]]|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802032601/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1296128-strachan-anthonique.htm|archive-date=2021-08-02}}</ref> == Kazi == Alisoma katika Chuo cha St. Augustine’s huko Nassau, Bahamas, na alifanya mazoezi chini ya Club Monica Athletics. Baadaye alipata mafunzo mjini [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]], Alabama chini ya kocha Henry Rolle, ambaye pia aliwahi kuwafundisha Kerron Stewart, Darrel Brown na Marc Burns,[2] kabla ya kuhamia Kingston, Jamaica kwa ajili ya kufanya mazoezi na Klabu ya MVP Track and Field chini ya kocha Stephen Francis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Finlayson|first=Alpheus|date=July 24, 2011|title=Anthonique Strachan Clocks World's Best Junior Time, New Bahamian National Junior and New Pan American Jr. Championships Record|url=http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/sports/Anthonique_Strachan_Clocks_World_s_Best_Junior_Time_New_Bahamian_National_Junior_and_New_Pan_American_Jr_Championships_Record17068.shtml|work=The Bahamas Weekly|accessdate=2025-12-21|archive-date=2025-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809103133/http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/sports/Anthonique_Strachan_Clocks_World_s_Best_Junior_Time_New_Bahamian_National_Junior_and_New_Pan_American_Jr_Championships_Record17068.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika Michezo ya CARIFTA ya mwaka 2011, alishinda medali mbili za dhahabu (mbio za mita 100 kwa sekunde 11.38 (−0.8 m/s), na mita 200 kwa sekunde 23.17 (0.0 m/s)) katika kundi la vijana (chini ya miaka 20), na katika mchujo wa mita 200 alilingana na rekodi ya michezo ya Veronica Campbell ya sekunde 22.93 (1.1 m/s). Kutokana na mafanikio hayo, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Austin Sealy kwa kuwa mwanariadha bora zaidi wa michezo hiyo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Finlayson|first=Alpheus|date=July 24, 2011|title=Anthonique Strachan Clocks World's Best Junior Time, New Bahamian National Junior and New Pan American Jr. Championships Record|url=http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/sports/Anthonique_Strachan_Clocks_World_s_Best_Junior_Time_New_Bahamian_National_Junior_and_New_Pan_American_Jr_Championships_Record17068.shtml|work=The Bahamas Weekly|accessdate=2025-12-21|archive-date=2025-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809103133/http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/sports/Anthonique_Strachan_Clocks_World_s_Best_Junior_Time_New_Bahamian_National_Junior_and_New_Pan_American_Jr_Championships_Record17068.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Bahamas]] 0y6k80kp52kiz8t71yravqr28e9ixy6 0 220019 1582089 1487075 2026-07-27T13:27:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amani moyoni''' au ya ndani, ni hali ya utulivu wa [[Elimunafsia|kisaikolojia]] au wa [[maisha ya kiroho|kiroho]] licha ya uwepo wa vichocheo vinavyoweza kusababisha [[msongo wa mawazo]]. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite book|chapter=[[s:The Spiritual Combat/Interior Peace|Interior Peace or The Path to Paradise]]|title=The Spiritual Combat, together with the supplement and The path of Paradise.|year=1875|publisher=Rivingtons|first=Lorenzo|last=Scupoli|author-link=Lorenzo Scupoli}} ==Viungo vya nje== * "[https://loalab.net/91-peace-affirmations-emotional-pain-releaser/ 91 Peace Affirmations: Emotional Pain Releaser] {{Wayback|url=https://loalab.net/91-peace-affirmations-emotional-pain-releaser/ |date=20240409113423 }}". loalab.net. 2023-04-28. Retrieved 2023-04-28. {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:saikolojia]] [[Jamii:maisha ya kiroho]] cx3pz1c7nah6h3qtarw5jei3ptxeovh 0 221699 1582128 1485567 2026-07-27T14:41:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Mūmbi Waigūrū''' (alizaliwa [[16 Aprili]] [[1971]]) ni [[Gavana]] wa pili wa Kaunti ya Kirinyaga, nchini [[Kenya]], ambaye amekuwa madarakani tangu mnamo [[22 Agosti]] [[2017]], na kwa sasa yuko katika muhula wake wa pili.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of elected Governors in August 8th Election|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/files/2017/08/Governor.pdf|publisher=Capital FM Kenya|accessdate=6 February 2018|archive-date=2025-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706153540/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/files/2017/08/Governor.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Safari ya kisiasa == Waigūrū aliweka historia katika Uchaguzi Mkuu wa mwaka 2017 alipokuwa, pamoja na Charity Ngilu na marehemu Joyce Laboso, miongoni mwa magavana wanawake wa kwanza kuchaguliwa nchini Kenya tangu kuanzishwa kwa mfumo wa ugatuzi baada ya Katiba ya mwaka 2010. Alichaguliwa tena kuwa Gavana kwa muhula wake wa pili wa miaka mitano katika uchaguzi uliofanyika tarehe 9 Agosti [[2022]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kabintie|first=Winnie|date=2018-03-08|title=International Women's Day: Kenya Celebrates Efforts in Closing Political Gender Gap|url=https://www.kenyaforum.net/politics/international-womens-day-kenya-celebrates-efforts-in-closing-political-gender-gap/|access-date=2024-03-06|website=The Kenya Forum|language=en}}</ref> Hapo awali, alihudumu kama Katibu wa Baraza la Mawaziri wa kwanza katika Wizara ya Ugatuzi na Mipango , baada ya kuteuliwa na Rais Uhuru Kenyatta tarehe 25 Aprili [[2013]]. Baadaye, alijiuzulu wadhifa huo mwaka 2015 kufuatia tuhuma za rushwa katika sakata la National Youth Service (NYS) la mwaka [[2015]], ambapo kiasi cha shilingi milioni 791 za Kenya (Ksh. 791 million) kilidaiwa kupotea. Mwaka [[2016]], alimhusisha aliyekuwa Kiongozi wa Wengi katika Bunge la Kitaifa, Aden Duale, msaidizi binafsi wa William Ruto, Faruk Kibet, na Kipchumba Murkomen, katika sakata hilo la rushwa kupitia hati ya kiapo (affidavit) aliyowasilisha katika Mahakama Kuu. Hakukuwa na uchunguzi uliofanyika dhidi ya watu hao watatu, nao wote walikanusha tuhuma hizo. Hatimaye, Waigūrū alisafishwa na Tume ya Maadili na Kupambana na Rushwa mwezi [[Februari]] 2016 dhidi ya mashtaka yote. Hata hivyo, mwezi Machi 2016, Mwenyekiti wa EACC Phillip Kinisu alisema kulikuwa na makosa katika uamuzi wa kumsafisha Waigūrū, akieleza kuwa makosa hayo yalitokana na hitilafu za mawasiliano kati ya taasisi za serikali. Waigūrū pia anahusishwa na kuanzishwa kwa Huduma Centres, vituo vinavyowawezesha raia wa Kenya kupata huduma za serikali kwa ufanisi zaidi katika kaunti zao. Aidha, alichangia kuanzishwa kwa kanuni ya asilimia 30 ya ununuzi wa serikali, inayotenga angalau asilimia 30 ya zabuni za serikali kwa vijana, watu wenye ulemavu, na wanawake. Katika Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa tarehe [[9 Agosti]] 2022, Waigūrū alikuwa miongoni mwa magavana wanawake saba (G-7) waliochaguliwa. Magavana wengine wanawake ni Susan Kihika ([[Kaunti ya Nakuru]]), Gladys Wanga ([[Kaunti ya Homa Bay]]), Cecily Mutitu Mbarire ([[Kaunti ya Embu]]), Wavinya Ndeti (Kaunti ya Machakos), Fatuma Achani ([[Kaunti ya Kwale]]), na Kawira Mwangaza ([[Kaunti ya Meru]]). Hii ndiyo idadi kubwa zaidi ya wanawake katika nafasi ya ugavana tangu kuanzishwa kwa mfumo wa ugatuzi mwaka 2013. Katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2017, ni wanawake watatu pekee ndio waliochaguliwa kuwa magavana kati ya jumla ya magavana 47.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kabintie|first=Winnie|date=2018-03-08|title=International Women's Day: Kenya Celebrates Efforts in Closing Political Gender Gap|url=https://www.kenyaforum.net/politics/international-womens-day-kenya-celebrates-efforts-in-closing-political-gender-gap/|access-date=2024-03-06|website=The Kenya Forum|language=en}}</ref> Waigūrū alikuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa kwanza mwanamke wa Baraza la Magavana nchini Kenya kuanzia Desemba 2017 hadi Januari 2019. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Magavana mwezi Septemba 2022, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika wadhifa huo nchini Kenya. Mwaka 2023, alichaguliwa tena kwa kauli moja kwa muhula wa pili kama Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Magavana (COG) katika kikao kamili kilichofanyika Nairobi. Baada ya kuchaguliwa tena, Waigūrū alisema kuwa lengo lake kuu litakuwa kuhakikisha kuwa majukumu yote ya ugatuzi na rasilimali zake yanakabidhiwa kikamilifu kwa serikali za kaunti. Mwaka [[2024]], alikuwa miongoni mwa magavana wa G-7 waliotembelea Kaunti ya Machakos kumuunga mkono Wavinya Ndeti. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] 9hj1xfrqqctt27wdi4w3vprrr76e7oe 0 222306 1582218 1538520 2026-07-27T23:13:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | jina = Culton Scovia Nakamya | tarehe_kuzaliwa = 1993 | uraia = [[Uganda]] | elimu = Taasisi ya Maendeleo ya Jamii ya Makerere; Taasisi ya Filamu na Televisheni ya Uganda; Shule ya Sekondari Balibaseka; Shule ya Msingi St Andrews; Shule ya Msingi St Pius Naddangira | kazi = [[Mwanahabari]] | anajulikana_kwa = Mtetezi wa uhuru wa vyombo vya habari | tuzo = Ufadhili wa Chevening 2024; Tuzo ya Uandishi wa Habari kuhusu Ukuaji wa Miji na Makazi ya Binadamu 2024; Tuzo ya Mwanahabari Mwanamke Anayevutia 2023 }} '''Culton Scovia Nakamya''' (alizaliwa [[1993]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] za uchunguzi na [[mtangazaji]] kutoka nchini [[Uganda]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Culton Scovia Nakamya: Reporting for NTV - Sqoop - Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos|url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201711/features/culton-scovia-nakamya-reporting-ntv.html|date=2017-11-11|accessdate=2026-02-05|language=en-US|author=sqoopadmin}}</ref>. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kazi zake zinazoangazia masuala ya [[haki za binadamu]], [[mazingira]], na migogoro ya kijamii. Nakamya amejipatia sifa kwa ujasiri wake wa kuripoti habari kutoka maeneo yenye changamoto na amekuwa akifanya kazi na [[vyombo vya habari]] vya kimataifa na vile vya ndani ya nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na shirika la habari la BBS Terefayina<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arrest on duty is the worst memory|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/arrest-on-duty-is-the-worst-memory-3347994|work=Monitor|date=2021-04-03|accessdate=2026-02-05|language=en}}</ref>. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Culton Scovia Nakamya alizaliwa na kukulia nchini Uganda. Alipata elimu yake ya juu katika fani ya uandishi wa habari na mawasiliano ya umma nchini humo. Katika safari yake ya kitaaluma, amejikita zaidi katika kuimarisha ujuzi wa uandishi wa habari za uchunguzi (''investigative journalism''), jambo lililomwezesha kushinda ufadhili na nafasi mbalimbali za mafunzo ya kimataifa. == Kazi == Nakamya alianza kazi yake katika vyombo vya habari vya redio na televisheni nchini Uganda, ambapo alijulikana kwa ufuatiliaji wa kina wa habari za mazingira na kijamii. Moja ya kazi zake kubwa ni kuripoti kuhusu athari za mabadiliko ya tabianchi na migogoro ya ardhi inayowaathiri wananchi wa kawaida. Amekuwa mchangiaji wa mara kwa mara katika mashirika ya habari ya kimataifa kama vile Global Press Journal, ambako ameandika makala nyingi zinazohusu afya, haki za wanawake, na utawala bora<ref>{{Cite web|title=Students decry Poor Welfare for Journalists during Lecture with Culton Scovia Nakamya|url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2022/03/23/students-decry-poor-welfare-for-journalists-during-lecture-with-culton-scovia-nakamya/|work=HICGI News Agency|date=2022-03-23|accessdate=2026-02-05|language=en|author=HICGI News Agency}}</ref>. Mbali na uandishi, Nakamya ni mwanachama hai wa mashirikisho ya wanahabari wanawake nchini Uganda. Amekuwa akitumia jukwaa lake kutetea usalama wa waandishi wa habari, hususan wanawake wanaofanya kazi katika mazingira hatarishi. Ujasiri wake wa kuingia maeneo ya mbali na kuibua sauti za watu wasiosikika umemfanya kuwa mmoja wa wanahabari wa kike wanaoheshimika zaidi wa kizazi chake. ==Tuzo na heshima== Alishinda ufadhili wa masomo wa Chevening (Chevening Scholarship) kwenda [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2024]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cheveningalumniug.org/articles/2024/09/chevening-class-of-2024-off-to-uk/ |title=Chevening Class of 2024 off to UK |website=Chevening Alumni Association of Uganda |access-date=23 Machi 2025 |language=en |archive-date=2025-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323111446/https://cheveningalumniug.org/articles/2024/09/chevening-class-of-2024-off-to-uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alishinda tuzo ya Uandishi wa Habari kuhusu Ukuaji wa Miji na Makazi ya Binadamu (Urbanisation and Human Settlements Reporting) mwaka 2024. Alishinda tuzo ya Mwanahabari Mwanamke Anayevutia (Inspiring Female Journalist) mwaka 2023 kutoka African Centre for Media Excellence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iwpr.net/about/people/culton-scovia-nakamya |title=Culton Scovia Nakamya |website=Institute for War and Peace Reporting |access-date=23 Machi 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Alitunukiwa tuzo na Rotaract Club ya Lubaga mwaka [[2023]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2024/02/02/rotaract-club-of-lubaga-awards-culton-scovia/ |title=Rotaract Club of Lubaga Awards Culton Scovia |website=HICGI News Agency |date=2 Februari 2024 |access-date=23 Machi 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Aliheshimiwa na Idara ya Uandishi wa Habari ya YMCA katika Kampasi ya Buwambo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] f928v46i6d2q6hea5opumnpenw04aew 0 224150 1582215 1493606 2026-07-27T22:47:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clouds FM''' ni kituo cha [[redio]] cha [[Kiswahili]] chenye makao yake makuu [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]], na kinamilikiwa na Clouds Media Group (CMG). Kilianzishwa mwaka [[1998]] na washirika na marafiki wa muda mrefu, [[Joseph Kusaga]] na [[Ruge Mutahaba]], kupitia kampuni ya Clouds Entertainment Limited ya wakati huo, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama CMG.<ref>https://tanzania.mom-gmr.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/joseph-m-kusaga/</ref> == Historia == Clouds FM ilianzishwa tarehe [[3 Desemba]] [[1999]], ikiwa ni mageuzi kutoka Mawingu Disco, kampuni ya burudani iliyokuwa ikiandaa matukio na matamasha ya muziki jijini Dar es Salaam. Kituo hiki kilianzishwa na washirika na marafiki wa muda mrefu Joseph Kusaga na Ruge Mutahaba kupitia kampuni ya Clouds Entertainment Limited ya wakati huo, ambayo baadaye ilibadilishwa jina na kuwa Clouds Media Group (CMG).<ref>{{cite web|title=Clouds Media Group|url=https://cloudsmedia.co.tz/|publisher=Clouds Media Group|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref> Katika miaka ya mwanzo, Clouds FM ilipata umaarufu haraka kutokana na kuunga mkono muziki wa [[Bongo Flava|Bongoflava]], ambao wakati huo ulikuwa bado unachukuliwa kama muziki wa vijana. Utangazaji wake uliwapa jukwaa wasanii chipukizi na kusaidia kukuza tasnia ya muziki wa kizazi kipya nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clouds Entertainment Co. Limited |url=https://tanzania.mom-gmr.org/en/owners/companies/detail/company/company/show/clouds-entertainment-co-limited-1/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=tanzania.mom-gmr.org |language=sw}}</ref> Kufikia [[Septemba]] [[2023]], Clouds FM ilikuwa inapatikana katika zaidi ya mikoa 20 nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{cite news|title=Clouds FM and Tanzania radio industry|url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/entertainment/clouds-fm-radio-industry-|work=Daily News (Tanzania)|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref> == Vipindi na maudhui == Clouds FM hujikita katika utangazaji wa muziki wa kisasa wa Tanzania na [[Afrika Mashariki]], pamoja na vipindi vya [[burudani]], mahojiano, mijadala ya kijamii na habari za burudani. Vipindi vyake hulenga zaidi hadhira ya vijana na watu wazima wanaopenda muziki na utamaduni wa kisasa wa mijini. Kituo hiki pia kimejulikana kwa kukuza vipaji vipya vya muziki na sanaa za maonyesho kupitia vipindi vyake na majukwaa ya burudani, na hivyo kuwa sehemu muhimu ya maendeleo ya Bongoflava na utamaduni wa vijana nchini.<ref>{{cite web|title=Clouds FM Tanzania|url=https://cloudsfm.co.tz/|publisher=Clouds Media Group|access-date=22 February 2026|archive-date=2024-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408155117/https://cloudsfm.co.tz/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Umiliki == Clouds FM ni sehemu ya Clouds Media Group (CMG), kampuni ya vyombo vya habari na burudani inayomiliki na kuendesha majukwaa mbalimbali ya redio, televisheni na matukio nchini Tanzania. Kupitia mtandao wake wa vyombo vya habari na shughuli za burudani, CMG imekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika tasnia ya muziki na burudani nchini.<ref>{{cite news|title=Clouds FM celebrates anniversary|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/clouds-fm-celebrates-anniversary-|work=The Citizen|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Clouds FM radio station profile|url=https://www.onlineradiobox.com/tz/clouds/|publisher=Online Radio Box|access-date=22 February 2026}}</ref> == Ushawishi katika muziki na utamaduni == Kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili, Clouds FM imekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kukuza na kusambaza muziki wa Bongoflava na burudani za vijana nchini Tanzania. Kituo hiki kimehusika katika matamasha, kampeni za kijamii na shughuli za burudani zinazolenga vijana, na hivyo kuwa mojawapo ya vyombo vya habari vyenye ushawishi mkubwa katika utamaduni wa muziki wa kizazi kipya nchini.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://cloudsmedia.com/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Clouds Media Group |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922183036/https://cloudsmedia.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clouds FM – Kituo cha Watu |url=https://cloudsfm.co.tz/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408155117/https://cloudsfm.co.tz/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Watangazaji mashuhuri == * [[Meena Ally]] * [[Mamy Baby]] * [[:sw:Millard_Ayo|Millard Ayo]] * [[Kennedy The Remedy]] * [[John Jackson (mtangazaji wa redio)|John Jackson]] * [[King Tei]] * [[Frida Amani]] * [[Adam Mchomvu]] * [[Husna Abdul]] * [[B Dazen]] * [[George Bantu]] * [[Jose Mara]] * [[Masoudy Kipanya]] * [[Geah Habib]] * [[Jose Mara]] == Marejeleo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Kampuni za Tanzania]] ktooxtbetw5wie4zsylk1purlgm03kh 0 225419 1582247 1511345 2026-07-28T10:56:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Hazel''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[balozi]] wa [[Ghana]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Evalue Gwira (Ghana parliament constituency) katika [[Mkoa wa Magharibi]] wa Ghana kutoka 2001 hadi 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Ghana MPs}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Hazel alisoma katika University of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018-02-15 |title=Former Ghana Ambassador Meets LDS Leaders |url=http://news-gh.churchofjesuschrist.org/former-ghana-ambassador-meets-lds-leaders- |access-date=2020-09-04 |website=news -Ghana Church of Jesus Christ |language=en}}</ref> Kabla ya kuteuliwa kuwa [[balozi]] wa Ghana katika [[Denmark]] na [[Finland]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/business/ghana-finland-ties-minister-calls-for-closer-ties-with-finland/0qs8qlj |title=Minister calls for closer ties with Finland |accessdate=2026-03-09 |archive-date=2022-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911154937/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/business/ghana-finland-ties-minister-calls-for-closer-ties-with-finland/0qs8qlj |url-status=dead }}</ref> mnamo Julai 2014, alishikilia wadhifa wa Naibu Kiongozi wa ujumbe wa Ghana huko [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ghana]] 9rn09zw66ze442bijca2k6mrh0fzj12 0 226238 1582119 1509758 2026-07-27T14:28:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ann Bernstein''' ni mchambuzi na mtoa maoni wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Kituo cha Maendeleo na Biashara. Yeye ni Mwandishi mahiri kuhusu sera za kijamii na kiuchumi za Afrika Kusini, na anajulikana kwa maoni yake yanayounga mkono biashara kuhusu mchango wa mashirika katika [[Somo la Uchumi|maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi]] ya nchi. == Usuli na nafasi == Bernstein ana shahada ya BA kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]] na shahada ya [[Uzamili|MA]] katika [[mipango miji]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha California, Los Angeles]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ann Bernstein|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/ann-bernstein/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref> Kutoka mwaka 1989 hadi 1995, alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Urban Foundation, shirika lenye ushawishi mkubwa lililozalishwa na Anglo American ili kupendekeza mageuzi katika mbinu ya serikali [[Apartheid|ya ubaguzi wa rangi]] kuhusu ukuaji wa miji ya watu weusi. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=A Future South Africa|last=Bernstein|first=Ann|last2=Godsell|first2=Bobby|date=1989|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-03330-8|chapter=The incrementalists|doi=10.4324/9780429033308-5|author-link2=Bobby Godsell|chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429033308-5/incrementalists-ann-bernstein-bobby-godsell}}.</ref> Katika kipindi hicho hicho, alijiunga na bodi ya Benki ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika, ambapo alitumikia hadi mwaka 2001. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ann Bernstein|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/ann-bernstein|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=Wilson Center|language=en}}</ref> Bernstein alikuwa mwanachama wa Mshiriki wa Reagan-Fascell katika Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Marekani ya Demokrasia mnamo 2005-2006, msomi wa sera za umma katika Kituo cha Wilson mnamo 2013, mjumbe wa kitivo katika Jukwaa la Uchumi Duniani mnamo 2008-2009, na mjumbe katika Kituo cha Bellagio mwaka 2016. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /> Alijiunga na bodi ya Wakfu wa Brenthurst mwaka wa 2007 <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ann Bernstein|url=https://www.developmentinstitute.org/author/annbern/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=Development Institute|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528123538/https://www.developmentinstitute.org/author/annbern/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na ni mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika Kusini . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Members|url=https://www.assaf.org.za/members-directory/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=ASSAf|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817194741/https://www.assaf.org.za/members-directory/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2019, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Johannesburg]] kilimpa Tuzo ya Baraza la Ellen Kuzwayo kwa michango bora kwa sekta ya elimu ya juu na kwa jamii kiujumla. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.uj.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/uj_annualreport2019.pdf|title=Annual Report 2019|publisher=[[University of Johannesburg]]|location=Johannesburg, South Africa|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref> == Kituo cha Maendeleo na Biashara == Bernstein alikuwa na bado anaendelea kua mkurugenzi mwanzilishi wa Kituo cha Maendeleo na Biashara (CDE), ambacho kilianzishwa mwaka wa 1995. Ni shirika huru la mawazo linalounga mkono biashara lenye makao yake makuu [[Johannesburg]] na lilijikita katika sera ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi. Enzi za awali katika kipindi chake kama mkurugenzi wa CDE, katika mwaka wa 1997, alitoa ushahidi katika vikao maalum vya Tume ya Ukweli na Maridhiano kuhusu jukumu la biashara katika ubaguzi wa rangi. Katika uwasilishaji ulioelezewa kama "ukweli" wa kipekee, <ref name=":3">{{Rejea jarida |last=Nattrass |first=Nicoli |author-link=Nicoli Nattrass |date=1999 |title=The Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Business and Apartheid: A Critical Evaluation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/723525 |journal=African Affairs |volume=98 |issue=392 |pages=373–391 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008045 |issn=0001-9909 |jstor=723525 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Roberts|first=Ronald|authorlink=Ronald Suresh Roberts|date=1997-11-13|title=Defending spoils of apartheid|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-11-14-defending-spoils-of-apartheid/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Bernstein alilielezea tume kwamba biashara "imejibadilisha ili iweze kuchukuliana na na mfumo wa ubaguzi wa rangi" na, kama ilivyosemwa na wananadharia wa kisasa, walipendekeza kwamba biashara, kwa kuendeleza shughuli za kiuchumi tu, imechangia kuboresha viwango vya maisha na hivyo imechangia bila kukusudia katika demokrasia nchini Afrika Kusini. <ref name=":3" /> Pia alikataa wazo la tume kwamba biashara tofauti tofauti zilikuwa na majukumu ya kijamii au ya kimaadili zaidi ya kuchangia shughuli za kiuchumi:<blockquote>Makampuni si taasisi zilizowekwa kwa kuenzi na kuendeleza ya maadili. Ni taasisi zinazofanya kazi zilizoundwa kutekeleza jukumu la kiuchumi... Bila shaka hii haiwaondolei watu binafsi ndani ya makampuni kufanya maadili au maamuzi sahihi, lakini hilo ni jambo la tofauti. <ref name=":3" /></blockquote>Akiandika katika ''Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'', Ronald Suresh Roberts alisema kwamba uwasilishaji wa Bernstein ulikuwa kauli "iliyofikiriwa" ya "uzito wa maoni ya biashara", lakini alimkosoa kwa kuzidisha matarajio ya biashara "ya kula keki yake na kuishikilia... ili kuiondoa biashara kutokana na madai ya maadili na pia kukataa kwamba biashara ya ubaguzi wa rangi haikuwa ya maadili". <ref name=":4" /> Katika mwaka wa1999, Bernstein alikuwa mwandishi kiongozi wa ''SUtengenezaji wa Sera katika Demokrasia Mpya'', ripoti ndefu iliyochapishwa na CDE ambayo iliamsha hisia hasi kwa umma kutoka kwa [[Jeremy Cronin]] wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Afrika Kusini . <ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Cronin|first=Jeremy|authorlink=Jeremy Cronin|date=1999-09-17|title=A not-so-charming political policy|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1999-09-17-a-not-so-charming-political-policy/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Cronin alishutumiwa kwa CDE kwa kuwa "mwimbaji wa sifa aliyejiteua" kwa Rais [[Thabo Mbeki]] na sera yake tata ya uchumi mkuu, na zaidi ya hayo alisema kwamba matibabu yake ya "kujikomba au kujipendekeza" kwa Mbeki yalitokana na harakati zake za "mabadiliko makubwa ya mazingira ya kisiasa, haswa kwa [[ANC]], bora zaidi kuanzisha mradi wake wa kisasa na wa kiliberali mamboleo". <ref name=":5" /> Bernstein alijibu kwa kurudia kuunga mkono CDE kwa maendeleo yanayoongozwa na serikali na kupendekeza, "Ni wakati wa kuita uwongo uwongo kwa wale wanaofanya mashambulizi mepesi kwa kauli mbiu dhidi ya mwelekeo na uthabiti wa sera ya uchumi ya serikali." <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Bernstein|first=Ann|date=1999-10-15|title=Forge partnerships with local interests|url=https://mg.co.za/article/1999-10-15-forge-partnerships-with-local-interests/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Machapisho == Bernstein huandika kwa upana sana kwa ajili ya hadhira ya umma, mara nyingi zaidi katika ''Siku ya Biashara'' . Anaandika kimsingi hasa kuhusu soko la ajira, sera ya elimu, na jukumu la biashara katika maendeleo ya kijamii, kiuchumi, na kisiasa. Pia amekuwa mpinzani mwenye sauti kubwa wa kupinga mapendekezo ya kuanzisha ruzuku ya mapato ya msingi nchini Afrika Kusini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Paton|first=Carol|date=7 June 2022|title=Poverty at worst level yet, but a basic income grant is unaffordable – CDE|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/poverty-at-worst-level-yet-but-a-basic-income-grant-is-unaffordable-cde-20220607|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=News24|language=en-US}}</ref> Alihariri kwa kusaidiana ''Business and Democracy: Cohabitation or Contradiction?'' (1998) na Peter L. Berger na ''Migration and Refugee Policys'' (1999) na Myron Weiner . <ref name=":2" /> Kitabu chake binafsi, ''The Case for Business in Developing Economies'', kilichapishwa na Penguin mwaka wa 2010 na kushinda Tuzo ya Ukumbusho wa Kimataifa ya Sir Antony Fisher ya Atlas Network ya mwaka 2012. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2012-05-15|title=Sir Antony Fisher Award Winner – Ann Bernstein|url=https://www.cde.org.za/sir-antony-fisher-award-winner-ann-bernstein/|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=The Centre For Development and Enterprise|language=en-US}}</ref> Ikielezewa na The ''Economist'' kama "mojawapo ya vitabu bora kuhusu biashara na maendeleo katika miaka ya hivi karibuni", inatoa hoja ya "kupambana" <ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|date=13 February 2011|title=Investing to make poverty history|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9a07495c-379a-11e0-b91a-00144feabdc0|accessdate=2023-05-28|work=Financial Times}}</ref> kwa mchango chanya wa mashirika, na hata "wanaoitwa wauza sigara ", kwa maendeleo. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWdxRMGSSLEC|title=The Case for Business in Developing Economies|last=Bernstein|first=Ann|date=2012-10-03|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-0-14-352722-0|language=en}}</ref> Katika kitabu hicho, Bernstein anasema kwamba kupinga makampuni ya kisasa na msisitizo juu ya uwajibikaji wa kijamii wa makampuni, unaokuzwa Magharibi na watu kama [[Naomi Klein]], unatishia kuchafua na kupotosha mjadala wa sera katika [[Nchi inayoendelea|nchi zinazoendelea]] . <ref name=":6" /> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.cde.org.za/author/ann-bernstein/ Posts by Ann Bernstein] at the Centre for Development and Enterprise * [https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/special/business/busin2.htm Presentation] to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] lyy1uzpypimbwrqot15mtdhgkiv58zu 0 227002 1582092 1502823 2026-07-27T13:38:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amina Abubakar''' ni Profesa Mshirika wa Saikolojia na Afya ya Umma kutokea nchini [[Kenya]] kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Pwani. Yeye ni mwanachama wa utafiti kwenye Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Tiba ya Kenya. Utafiti wake unatilia manani ucheleweshaji wa ukuaji kwa watoto wanaoumwa VVU, utapiamlo na malaria. Yeye ni mwanachama wa heshima kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Abubakar alitunukiwa Shahada ya Kwanza ya Elimu kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Moi]], baada ya hapo akasomea saikolojia ya elimu kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kenyatta]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.iaccp.org/node/515|title=Culture and Human Development|author=|first=|date=|work=International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology|accessdate=2018-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529131523/http://www.iaccp.org/node/515|archivedate=2018-05-29}}</ref> Alikamilisha Shahada yake ya Uzamivu (PhD) kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Tilburg mwaka wa 2008. [[Utafiti]] wake ulizingatia vitu vilivyochangia hatari na ustahimilivu kwa watoto wachanga ndani [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara]] . <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Abubakar |first=Amina |last2=Van De Vijver |first2=Fons J.R. |last3=Mithwani |first3=Sadik |last4=Obiero |first4=Elizabeth |last5=Lewa |first5=Naomi |last6=Kenga |first6=Simon |last7=Katana |first7=Khamis |last8=Holding |first8=Penny |date=May 2007 |title=Assessing Developmental Outcomes in Children from Kilifi, Kenya, Following Prophylaxis for Seizures in Cerebral Malaria |journal=Journal of Health Psychology |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=417–430 |doi=10.1177/1359105307076230 |issn=1359-1053 |pmc=4825880 |pmid=17439993}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa udaktari kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Utrecht na [[KEMRI|Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Kimatibabu ya Kenya]] . <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Abubakar |first=Amina |last2=Holding |first2=Penny |last3=Van de Vijver |first3=Fons J.R. |last4=Newton |first4=Charles |last5=Van Baar |first5=Anneloes |date=2009-11-27 |title=Children at risk for developmental delay can be recognised by stunting, being underweight, ill health, little maternal schooling or high gravidity |journal=Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=652–659 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02193.x |pmc=2919164 |pmid=19951363}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Abubakar |first=Amina |last2=Holding |first2=Penny |last3=Van Baar |first3=Anneloes |last4=Newton |first4=Charles R. J. C. |last5=Van de Vijver |first5=Fons J. R. |last6=Espy |first6=Kimberly Andrews |date=2013-09-04 |title=The Performance of Children Prenatally Exposed to HIV on the A-Not-B Task in Kilifi, Kenya: A Preliminary Study |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=10 |issue=9 |pages=4132–4142 |doi=10.3390/ijerph10094132 |pmc=3799506 |pmid=24008985 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.thehdrc.org/Handbook%20of%20African%20Educational%20Theories%20and%20Practices.pdf|title=Handbook of African Educational Theories and Practices|author=|first=|date=|work=Human Development Resource Centre|accessdate=2018-05-28}}</ref> == Utafiti na kazi == Mwaka wa 2014 Abubakar aliungana na Chuo Kikuu cha Lancaster kama Mshiriki wa Marie Curie . <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Psychology of gender through the lens of culture : theories and applications|last=Safdar|first=Saba|last2=Kosakowska-Berezecka|first2=Natasza|date=2015-04-29|publisher=|others=Safdar, Saba F.,, Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza|isbn=9783319140056|location=Cham|pages=408|oclc=908336077}}</ref> Anashikilia tuzo ya Baraza la Utafiti wa Kimatibabu la Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kimataifa ya Viongozi wa Utafiti wa Afrika. Ametengeneza mikakati ya kugundua, kufuatilia na kurekebisha watoto walio kwenye hatari. <ref name=":0" /> Alifanya utafiti wa jinsi mambo ya muktadha yanavyoathiri ustawi wa vijana zaidi ya 7,000 juu ya nchi 24. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK241462/|title=Participant Biographies|last=Globally|first=Forum on Investing in Young Children|last2=Board on Children|first2=Youth|last3=Health|first3=Board on Global|last4=Medicine|first4=Institute of|last5=Council|first5=National Research|date=2014-08-18|publisher=National Academies Press (US)|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea jarida |title=Measurement Invariance of the Brief Multidimensional Student's Life Satisfaction Scale Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults Across 23 Cultural Contexts - Forskning - Aarhus Universitet |url=http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/measurement-invariance-of-the-brief-multidimensional-students-life-satisfaction-scale-among-adolescents-and-emerging-adults-across-23-cultural-contexts(0b08fada-6710-440d-84f1-c36f92d5fc2c).html |language=da |doi=10.1177/0734282915611284 |access-date=2018-05-28 |archive-date=2019-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229060957/https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/measurement-invariance-of-the-brief-multidimensional-students-life-satisfaction-scale-among-adolescents-and-emerging-adults-across-23-cultural-contexts(0b08fada-6710-440d-84f1-c36f92d5fc2c).html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amebaini hatua zilizofanikiwa kusaidia ukuaji wa kisaikolojia wa watoto wenye VVU Afrika Mashariki. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.issbd2014.com/s/293/t/409/99/b4/info104884.htm|title=Invited Speakers|work=www.issbd2014.com|accessdate=2018-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612020813/http://www.issbd2014.com/s/293/t/409/99/b4/info104884.htm|archivedate=2014-06-12}}</ref> Aligundua kuwa hakuna uhusiano kati ya dalili za huzuni za akina mama na matokeo ya kiafya ya watoto wa Kiafrika. Abubakar alichaguliwa kuwa profesa msaidizi kwenye [[Chuo kikuu cha Pwani|Chuo Kikuu cha Pwani]] mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://neurodev.kemri-wellcome.org/content/meet-team|title=Meet The Team {{!}} Neuro Development|work=neurodev.kemri-wellcome.org|accessdate=2018-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130126/http://neurodev.kemri-wellcome.org/content/meet-team|archivedate=2018-05-29}}</ref> Yeye ndiye msimamizi wa kundi la utafiti wa sayansi ya neva huko [[Kilifi]] . <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aasciences.ac.ke/aas/en/recognising-excellence/aas-fellows-in-kenya/|title=AAS Fellows in Kenya|work=African Academy of Sciences|accessdate=2018-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813011902/https://aasciences.ac.ke/aas/en/recognising-excellence/aas-fellows-in-kenya/|archivedate=2018-08-13}}</ref> Alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Royal Society Pfizer ya mwaka wa 2016. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2016/10/pfizer-award-seminar/|title=2016 Royal Society Pfizer Award Seminar with Dr Amina Abubakar|work=royalsociety.org|language=en-gb|accessdate=2018-05-28}}</ref> Mwaka 2017 alichapisha ''Kitabu cha Mwongozo wa Sayansi ya Maendeleo Inayotumika katika Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara'' . <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Handbook of Applied Developmental Science in Sub-Saharan Africa|last=Abubakar|first=Amina|last2=Van De Vijver|first2=Fons J.R|date=2017-11-17|others=Abubakar, Amina,, Van de Vijver, Fons J. R.|isbn=9781493973286|location=New York, NY|oclc=1017978244}}</ref> Kwenye kipindi hicho aliteuliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika . <ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] ajh5btat3up9zxrt5t5p6n9alvli88x 0 232765 1582228 1538295 2026-07-28T08:04:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald Nicholas Pritzker''' ([[Oktoba 31]], [[1932]] – [[Mei 6]], [[1972]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=ChicagoMagTremors>[http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2002/Tremors-in-the-Empire/ Chicago Magazine: "Tremors in the Empire" By Shane Tritsch] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/December-2002/Tremors-in-the-Empire/ |date=20160921163810 }} December 2002</ref> Alikuwa mwanafamilia wa [[familia ya Pritzker]] na alihudumu kama rais wa ''Hyatt'', ambapo alisaidia kukuza msururu wa hoteli.<ref name=Economist>[https://www.economist.com/obituary/1999/01/28/jay-pritzker The Economist: "Jay Pritzker, pioneer of the modern hotel chain, died on January 23rd, aged 76"] January 28, 1999</ref>Alibadilisha tasnia ya hoteli kwa kuunda mpango wa "frequent stayer" na alijulikana kwa kuongeza "a touch of Hyatt" kama huduma za turndown na mints kwenye mito.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/25/business/jay-pritzker-who-built-chain-of-hyatt-hotels-is-dead-at-76.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm New York Times: "Jay Pritzker, Who Built Chain Of Hyatt Hotels, Is Dead at 76" By ANTHONY RAMIREZ] January 25, 1999</ref>Alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 39 kwa mshtuko wa moyo alipokuwa akicheza tenisi katika hoteli ya Hyatt huko [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1972]] nexv7hjit22m85g4qou0p4gn9pfr21b 0 233993 1582124 1564366 2026-07-27T14:36:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annalisa Corrado''' (alizaliwa [[Civitavecchia]], 8 Septemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa na mhandisi wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref name="TRC">{{cite web|url=https://trcgiornale.it/annalisa-corrado-una-civitavecchiese-a-strasburgo/|title=Annalisa Corrado, una civitavecchiese a Strasburgo|work=TRC Giornale|date=26 June 2024|language=it|accessdate=2026-05-12|archive-date=2025-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822155941/https://trcgiornale.it/annalisa-corrado-una-civitavecchiese-a-strasburgo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasifu == Kitaaluma yeye ni mhandisi wa mazingira mwenye shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika masuala ya nishati. Ni mtaalamu aliyebobea katika masuala ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi, nishati mbadala, na uchumi wa mzunguko (circular economy). Kabla ya kujiunga na Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alifanya kazi kama msemaji mwenza wa chama cha [[Green Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2023/04/pd-elly-schlein-presenta-la-sua-segreteria-in-diretta-instagram-255e7a32-8dba-46d2-ac71-1e37a3805f90.html|title=Pd, Elly Schlein presenta la sua segreteria in diretta Instagram|work=RaiNews|date=7 April 2023|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2023, aliteuliwa na katibu wa PD, [[Elly Schlein]], kuwa mkuu wa masuala ya mazingira na nishati ndani ya uongozi wa kitaifa wa chama hicho. Katika Bunge la Ulaya, Corrado ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Afya ya Umma na Usalama wa Chakula. Anajulikana kwa harakati zake za kutetea haki za kimazingira (ecological transition) zinazoenda sambamba na haki za kijamii, akiamini kuwa mabadiliko ya kuelekea nishati safi lazima yawe jumuishi na yenye usawa kwa raia wote. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] {{BD|1973||Corrado, Annalisa}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Italia]] hrxb4gnbjc93ew9hh32tfkrrfnln4qq 0 237138 1582155 1547448 2026-07-27T15:28:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Armas Amukwiyu''' (amezaliwa 22 Aprili 1976) ni mfanyabiashara na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr. Armas Amukwiyu – Uukumwe Youth Empowerment Consortium (PTY) Ltd|url=https://uukumweyec.com/team/mr-armas-amukwiyu/|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313203610/https://uukumweyec.com/team/mr-armas-amukwiyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama tawala cha SWAPO, na ni Mratibu wa Mkoa wa Oshikoto wa chama hicho. Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jukwaa la waratibu wa mikoa wa SWAPO. Aliwahi kugombea nafasi ya Katibu Mkuu wa SWAPO lakini hakushinda uchaguzi huo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 4m656hee88ey785nsovgyyq59gdgyyv 0 239215 1582249 1553706 2026-07-28T11:21:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Percy Mhinga''' (5 Desemba 1927 – 2 Septemba 2017) alikuwa [[Waziri]] Mkuu wa pili wa Gazankulu, iliyokuwa bantustan (eneo lililotengwa kwa ajili ya Waafrika weusi) wakati wa enzi ya ubaguzi wa rangi nchini [[Afrika]] Kusini. Edward Mhinga ni mzao wa moja kwa moja wa mfalme wa Kitshonga aitwaye Gunyule, ambaye asili yake ilizaa makabila mengi ndani ya kundi la Vatsonga kama vile Maluleke, Bila, Matola, Makwakwa, Mondlane, Masangu, Mkhwanazi, Shivambu na wengine wengi. Ardhi ambayo Gazankulu ilianzishwa, kiuhalisia ilikuwa ikikaliwa na Nasaba ya Mhinga kuanzia eneo lote la Pafuri katika Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Kruger hadi baadhi ya maeneo ya kusini mwa [[Msumbiji]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FORMER GAZANKULU MINISTER PERCY MHINGA DIES!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/news/national/former-gazankulu-minister-percy-mhinga-dies-20170905|work=Daily Sun|accessdate=2026-05-27|language=en-US|author=Victor Hlungwani|archive-date=2025-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222232008/https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/News/National/former-gazankulu-minister-percy-mhinga-dies-20170905|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa|url=https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft158004rs&chunk.id=d0e2188&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e2188&brand=ucpress|work=publishing.cdlib.org|accessdate=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] c9bv8dm7m9y20t08i6a7hszaxjqjw4r 4 241032 1582182 1581346 2026-07-27T17:57:56Z Agness Abubakar Saidi 88720 /* Wanachama */ 1582182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu na teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, ujifunzaji endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi za ndani na kimataifa. == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha quests, challenges na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya (Brand Identity Challenge). Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa. == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia. Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. eu3epd0wqcabylyvq4kp6q3uunyp73m 1582185 1582182 2026-07-27T18:23:12Z Muddyb 379 1582185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu na teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, ujifunzaji endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi za ndani na kimataifa. == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha quests, challenges na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya (Brand Identity Challenge). Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa. == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia. Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. q6896lfomoc3jrbydhuerfcwyz0bawi 1582189 1582185 2026-07-27T19:08:01Z Francakiria 45589 /* */ Uwiano katika sentensi 1582189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa. == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha quests, challenges na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya (Brand Identity Challenge). Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa. == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia. Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. nn5qiuy1kky73da8vshg8fi75frpkeb 1582190 1582189 2026-07-27T19:13:35Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 /* Wanachama */ 1582190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa. == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha quests, challenges na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya (Brand Identity Challenge). Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa. == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia. Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. hcttsl8syl3obkfh4d4kbpzy8afx5cq 1582191 1582190 2026-07-27T19:15:09Z Francakiria 45589 /* Historia */ 1582191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa. == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa. == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia. Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. q31ya7ni63u3vpk0zq6bttc0ewu0tx4 1582192 1582191 2026-07-27T19:21:18Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 1582192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} fksbboauw1drd7jm1sznhvhhoz612zb 1582193 1582192 2026-07-27T19:21:26Z Francakiria 45589 /* Wanachama */ 1582193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi #[[mtumiaji:Francakiria|Francakiria]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Francakiria|majadiliano]])''' == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Quest na challenge zinazokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} n14le615bp7j84va4845npgdg4pb9o4 1582194 1582193 2026-07-27T19:23:58Z Francakiria 45589 /* Shughuli */ 1582194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi #[[mtumiaji:Francakiria|Francakiria]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Francakiria|majadiliano]])''' == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Misheni na majaribio yanayokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} 2zk9wqaxpg5uqh544gbwgsr8ipufvx3 1582195 1582194 2026-07-27T19:24:43Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kili-Wiki Digital Club]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Kili-Wiki Digital Club]]: Ni kama user group 1582194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{futa|Haijulikani. Hakuna vyanzo vya kuaminika.}} [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi #[[mtumiaji:Francakiria|Francakiria]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Francakiria|majadiliano]])''' == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Misheni na majaribio yanayokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} 2zk9wqaxpg5uqh544gbwgsr8ipufvx3 1582197 1582195 2026-07-27T19:25:09Z Muddyb 379 Sehemu sahihi! 1582197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #Ramadhani Mushi #[[mtumiaji:Francakiria|Francakiria]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Francakiria|majadiliano]])''' == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Misheni na majaribio yanayokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} agirvcygk2h5hxm9nb74aa1d81m567x 1582198 1582197 2026-07-27T19:28:01Z Ramadhani Mushi 61176 /* Wanachama */ 1582198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #[[mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]]''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' #[[mtumiaji:Francakiria|Francakiria]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Francakiria|majadiliano]])''' == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Misheni na majaribio yanayokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} gli4v3h46kak7cx2ufikinbqrko0v50 4 241216 1582240 1577532 2026-07-28T09:53:39Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities]]: Hii si makala bali mradi. Hivyo inapaswa kuwa katika ukurasa wa mradi. 1577532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}} == Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities == '''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi. === Orodha ya Mipango === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Mpango !Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka !Maelezo |- |1 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|Monthly Edit-thon]] |5 |Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |2 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|WikiHealth]] |2 |Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya. |- |3 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|Wikimalkia]] |5 |Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |4 |[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]] |2 |Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani. |- |5 |[[Event:Error and Fix Campaign 2026-27 in Tanzania|Error and Fix Campaign]] |4 |Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo. |- |6 |[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]] |10 |Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule. |- |7 |[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]] |1 |Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro. |- |8 |[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]] |Ripoti ya ushiriki |Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania. |- |9 |[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]] |1 |Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake. |} [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] n39h4vls5zeohr1ukrb66aelk9hi9vf 0 241446 1582172 1582033 2026-07-27T17:29:35Z ~2026-41526-78 91222 1582172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Kampuni|jina=888Starz|aina=Kampuni binafsi|eneo linalohudumiwa=Ulimwenguni|sekta=Uchambuzi wa data za michezo|hudma=Utafiti na ripoti za uchambuzi wa michezo|homepage=[https://888starz.co.ke/en/ 888starz]}}'''888Starz''' ni kampuni ya kimataifa ya uchambuzi wa data za michezo na michezo ya kielektroniki (cybersports) inayofanya kazi kote ulimwenguni. Kampuni hii inajikita zaidi katika utafiti na utengenezaji wa ripoti za uchambuzi wa michezo.<ref>{{Citation|last=|first=|title=Why mobile platforms are winning African users|date=2026-03-27|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/867229-why-mobile-casino-platforms-are-winning-african-users.html|work=Premium Times|language=en|issn=2360-7688|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sports Audience Acquisition and Digital Engagement Patterns in African Markets|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/10/20/888starz-sign-up-bonus-2025-registration-guide-for-kenya-africa/|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|work=ThisDay}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 2020, 888STARZ ilipanua soko lake duniani kote, hasa katika maeneo ya[[Afrika]], [[Amerika ya Kusini]], na [[Asia ya Kusini|Asia Kusini]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Mejores casas de apuesta deportivas en México|url=https://www.milenio.com/content/apuestas-deportivas-estos-son-los-mejores-sitios-de-mexico|work=Grupo Milenio|date=2023-06-10|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=es|author=}}</ref> Ripoti na data zake za uchambuzi zimekuwa zikitumiwa na kutajwa na vyombo mbalimbali vya habari vya kimataifa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Matches, Players & Moments Defining Europe’s 2025–26 Football Season|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/10/25/the-matches-players-moments-defining-europes-2025-26-football-season/|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|work=ThisDay}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Can Leicester, Ipswich and Southampton survive in Premier League?|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/13233295/southampton-go-in-search-of-first-win-vs-fellow-strugglers-leicester-is-gap-in-quality-growing|work=Sky Sports|date=2025-06-03|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=}}</ref> Huduma za kampuni hiyo zinajumuisha uchambuzi wa kina wa michezo kama vile mpira wa miguu, kriketi, na michezo mingine mingi ya ushindani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket matches today {{!}} Upcoming live games to follow|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/betting/news/cricket-matches-today-live-games-bet-odds-wednesday-june-18/68e6eeeef18307dcdab076b7|work=Sporting News|date=2025-06-17|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=Xaviour Raymond}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fan engagement and match analytics ahead of the 2025 IPL final|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/betting/news/how-bet-ipl-2025-final-betting-websites-apps-guide-rcb-vs-pbks/dcdadcc1a42ac25bb754aa35|work=Sporting News|date=2025-06-03|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en|author=Xaviour Raymond}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Kampuni]] [[Jamii:Kampuni za intaneti]] ny8h25hkwfnh5tb43hpz2xa4qrauhii 1728 242027 1582206 1580842 2026-07-27T20:43:21Z Olimasy 26935 /* Uzinduzi wa Mtandaoni wa Wiki Loves Earth 2026 */ 1582206 wikitext text/x-wiki Wiki Loves Earth (WLE) ni shindano la kimataifa la upigaji picha linalofanyika kila mwaka kati ya miezi ya Mei na Julai, likiratibiwa duniani kote na matawi ya Wikimedia, makundi, na watu wanaojitolea katika Wikipedia. Washiriki hupiga picha za maeneo ya urithi wa asili na mandhari nzuri za maeneo yao. Mwaka huu nchini Tanzania, Kundi la Watumiaji wa Jumuiya ya Wikimedia Tanzania (Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania) linashiriki tena na linawaalika watu wote wanaopenda kujitolea kujiunga na shindano la mwaka huu. Kuna maeneo mengi ya urithi wa asili nchini Tanzania; lengo la Wiki Loves Earth ni kuwahimiza watu kupiga picha za maeneo haya ya asili na kuzichapisha chini ya leseni huru, jambo linaloruhusu watu wengine kuzifikia mtandaoni. Shindano la ndani litafanyika kuanzia tarehe 30 Juni 2026 hadi 25 Julai 2026 (wakati ambapo washindi wa ndani watawasilishwa kwa ajili ya shindano la kimataifa). Unaweza kupakia picha nyingi kadri upendavyo za maeneo ya asili uliyotembelea. Picha hizo hazilazimiki kupigwa mwezi wa Mei, lakini lazima zipakiwe ndani ya muda wa shindano ili ziweze kuzingatiwa. Ikiwa una picha za maeneo ya asili zilizohifadhiwa kwenye kompyuta yako au simu tangu safari yako ya mwisho, hii ni fursa nzuri ya kuzipa maisha mapya kupitia shindano la Wiki Loves Earth la mwaka huu. Jopo la majaji wa shindano litaanza kuchagua washindi wa kitaifa tarehe 30 Julai 2026 na litachagua picha 10 bora za maeneo ya asili nchini Tanzania, ambazo zitazingatiwa kwa ajili ya shindano la kimataifa la kushindania zawadi. ==Ratiba== === Uzinduzi wa Mtandaoni wa Wiki Loves Earth 2026 === Nchini Tanzania, uzinduzi wa mtandaoni utafanyika tarehe 1 Julai 2026. Kiungo cha mkutano kitawekwa hapa. <center> {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[file:Office-calendar-modified.svg|150px]] !! [[file:Icon - upload photo 2.svg|150px]] !! [[file:Schedule clock.svg|150px]] |- | <center>Tarehe ya kuanza: <br>30th June 2026</center>|| <center> kipindi cha kupakia: <br>30 July 2026</center>|| <center> Tarehe ya mwisho: <br>30th July 2026 |} <center>'''Kuchagua mshindi kitaifa : 30th July - 05 August 2026'''</center> <center>'''Kukutana na washindi : 5 - 10 August 2026'''</center> <center>'''Kutangaza washindi na zawadi : 15 - 20 2026'''</center> <center>'''Kupeleka washindi wa ndani kimataifa 30 August 2026'''</center> <center>'''Meta/Kuhuisha ukurasa wa meta na matangazo: 31 August 2026'''</center> </center> == Tuzo == ; Tuzo za kimataifa * Tazama taarifa zaidi [[Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2026|Wiki Loves earth 2026]] kwenye ukurasa ; Tuzo za ndani # Mshindi wa kwanza 250000TZS # Mshindi wa pili 150000TZS # Mshindi wa tatu 80000TZS == Shindano la Upigaji Picha la Wiki Loves Earth 2026 == === Maeneo Yaliyotembelewa mwaka wa 2026 === * [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]] [[Category:Wiki Loves Earth 2026 in Tanzania]] a0hs7smwnlo6cd7ojee0tiok9gbef46 1582208 1582206 2026-07-27T20:44:21Z Olimasy 26935 1582208 wikitext text/x-wiki Wiki Loves Earth (WLE) ni shindano la kimataifa la upigaji picha linalofanyika kila mwaka kati ya miezi ya Mei na Julai, likiratibiwa duniani kote na matawi ya Wikimedia, makundi, na watu wanaojitolea katika Wikipedia. Washiriki hupiga picha za maeneo ya urithi wa asili na mandhari nzuri za maeneo yao. Mwaka huu nchini Tanzania, Kundi la Watumiaji wa Jumuiya ya Wikimedia Tanzania (Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania) linashiriki tena na linawaalika watu wote wanaopenda kujitolea kujiunga na shindano la mwaka huu. Kuna maeneo mengi ya urithi wa asili nchini Tanzania; lengo la Wiki Loves Earth ni kuwahimiza watu kupiga picha za maeneo haya ya asili na kuzichapisha chini ya leseni huru, jambo linaloruhusu watu wengine kuzifikia mtandaoni. Shindano la ndani litafanyika kuanzia tarehe 30 Juni 2026 hadi 31 Julai 2026 (wakati ambapo washindi wa ndani watawasilishwa kwa ajili ya shindano la kimataifa). Unaweza kupakia picha nyingi kadri upendavyo za maeneo ya asili uliyotembelea. Picha hizo hazilazimiki kupigwa mwezi wa Mei, lakini lazima zipakiwe ndani ya muda wa shindano ili ziweze kuzingatiwa. Ikiwa una picha za maeneo ya asili zilizohifadhiwa kwenye kompyuta yako au simu tangu safari yako ya mwisho, hii ni fursa nzuri ya kuzipa maisha mapya kupitia shindano la Wiki Loves Earth la mwaka huu. Jopo la majaji wa shindano litaanza kuchagua washindi wa kitaifa tarehe 30 Julai 2026 na litachagua picha 10 bora za maeneo ya asili nchini Tanzania, ambazo zitazingatiwa kwa ajili ya shindano la kimataifa la kushindania zawadi. ==Ratiba== === Uzinduzi wa Mtandaoni wa Wiki Loves Earth 2026 === Nchini Tanzania, uzinduzi wa mtandaoni utafanyika tarehe 1 Julai 2026. Kiungo cha mkutano kitawekwa hapa. <center> {| class="wikitable" |- ! [[file:Office-calendar-modified.svg|150px]] !! [[file:Icon - upload photo 2.svg|150px]] !! [[file:Schedule clock.svg|150px]] |- | <center>Tarehe ya kuanza: <br>30th June 2026</center>|| <center> kipindi cha kupakia: <br>30 July 2026</center>|| <center> Tarehe ya mwisho: <br>30th July 2026 |} <center>'''Kuchagua mshindi kitaifa : 30th July - 05 August 2026'''</center> <center>'''Kukutana na washindi : 5 - 10 August 2026'''</center> <center>'''Kutangaza washindi na zawadi : 15 - 20 2026'''</center> <center>'''Kupeleka washindi wa ndani kimataifa 30 August 2026'''</center> <center>'''Meta/Kuhuisha ukurasa wa meta na matangazo: 31 August 2026'''</center> </center> == Tuzo == ; Tuzo za kimataifa * Tazama taarifa zaidi [[Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2026|Wiki Loves earth 2026]] kwenye ukurasa ; Tuzo za ndani # Mshindi wa kwanza 250000TZS # Mshindi wa pili 150000TZS # Mshindi wa tatu 80000TZS == Shindano la Upigaji Picha la Wiki Loves Earth 2026 == === Maeneo Yaliyotembelewa mwaka wa 2026 === * [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]] [[Category:Wiki Loves Earth 2026 in Tanzania]] jjtjwel9ejevoy6hhmlg1cauw8z9m3l 0 242211 1582221 1581172 2026-07-27T23:54:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Damita Jo Freeman''' ni dansi na mwigizaji kutoka [[Marekani]], ambaye alianza kujulikana kupitia kipindi cha [[televisheni]] Soul Train. Mwaka [[1973]], Freeman alikua mmoja wa dansi waliokuwa wakionyeshwa zaidi katika kipindi hicho baada ya kuonekana kwa mara ya pili, ambapo mwanamuziki Joe Tex alimwalika jukwaani kucheza wimbo wake "I Gotcha" katika onyesho lisilopangwa. Mshirika wake wa kawaida wa kucheza dansi kwenye Soul Train alikuwa Don Campbell. Uchezaji wake ulivutia watazamaji kutokana na mtindo wake wa kucheza uliokuwa na mchanganyiko wa udhibiti, nguvu na ubunifu, huku akitumia kamera na muziki kwa namna iliyomfanya atambulike kama mmoja wa wachezaji maarufu wa kipindi hicho.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.eurweb.com/2019/01/damita-jo-freeman-former-soul-train-dancer-spills-tea-with-lee-bailey/|title=Damita Jo Freeman: Former 'Soul Train' Dancer Spills Tea with Lee Bailey|first=Electronic Urban|last=Report|date=11 January 2019|website=eurweb.com|accessdate=15 February 2019|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203060109/https://www.eurweb.com/2019/01/damita-jo-freeman-former-soul-train-dancer-spills-tea-with-lee-bailey/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://50bold.com/issoul-trains-damita-jo-freeman/|title=Where is…Soul Train's Damita Jo Freeman?|first=Judyth|last=Watson-Remy|date=10 December 2017|website=50bold.com|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iloveoldschoolmusic.com/remember-the-pop-locking-soul-train-dancer-damita-jo-found-her-2/|title=Remember The Pop Locking 'Soul Train' Dancer, Damita Jo? Found Her!|author=|date=6 May 2017|website=iloveoldschoolmusic.com|accessdate=15 February 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] dqy7558qnsy3gzu72djqe38v67oh33d 2 242220 1582160 1581986 2026-07-27T16:20:46Z Amanich7 44301 1582160 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Yvette Sargsyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili. Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> q273ko25frpjgz8smrpv3klx15m4cqp 1582161 1582160 2026-07-27T16:22:27Z Amanich7 44301 /* Maisha ya kibinafsi */ 1582161 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Ivetta Sarkisyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili. Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> 6ayv2u82lpptpnrn0jh9kxxc2cywng5 1582162 1582161 2026-07-27T16:24:08Z Amanich7 44301 /* Maisha ya kibinafsi */ 1582162 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Ivetta Sarkisyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili. Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. *** <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> rl75xk2bc2te2km2n5s6pgo6dttdohv 1582163 1582162 2026-07-27T16:32:34Z Amanich7 44301 /* Maisha ya kibinafsi */ 1582163 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Ivetta Sarkisyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. <br> <br> == Katika utamaduni == *Kitabu "Kisumu" cha Okang'a Ooko kinaelezea hadithi ya wanamuziki wa Kisumu (2018).<ref>[https://ru.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu Okang'a Ooko ''"Kisumu"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116185951/https://www.scribd.com/book/383712003/Kisumu |date=16 November 2020 }}, 2018, {{ISBN|9789966093523}}</ref> *Baadhi ya matukio katika hadithi ya 2017 "Consummation in Mombasa" (na Andrei Gusev) hufanyika Kisumu. Mpango huo unaelezea harusi Ya Katoliki ya wahusika wakuu (mwandishi wa kirusi Andy na Jennifer) Huko Mombasa na safari yao Ya Kisumu, ambapo Jennifer alizaliwa.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804031310/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm |date=4 August 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady's Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] by [[Andrei Gusev]], 2017 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> *Wimbo "Kisumu" (na Zack Okello) unazungumzia jinsi Kisumu inavyokua (2015).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X60cRdABkUs The song ''"Kisumu"''] by Zack Okello, 2015</ref> <br><br> o2pm27o9ou0jtadwd7mwpnze3tm2ne6 0 242429 1582171 1581996 2026-07-27T17:25:54Z Amanich7 44301 1582171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | jina = Andrei Evgenievich Gusev | picha = Andrei Gusev.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 27 October 1952 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Moscow, Soviet Union | tarehe_ya_kufariki = | mahala_alipofia = | majina_mengine = Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев (Kirusi) | anafahamika kwa = | kazi_yake = mwandishi | nchi = Urusi }} '''Andrei Evgenievich Gusev''' (kwa Kirusi: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев; alizaliwa 27 Oktoba 1952) ni mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari wa Urusi. Tangu 1993 Andrei Gusev amekuwa mhariri mkuu wa "[[:en:New Medical Gazette|New Medical Gazette]]" (iliyochapishwa kwa kirusi). Kama mwandishi wa habari, alifanya Kazi kwa Gazeti La Moskovsky Komsomolets, kisha alikuwa mwandishi maalum Wa Rossiyskaya Gazeta, mhariri na mtangazaji wa programu katika kampuni ya televisheni Na redio Ya Resonance (Ostankino) na mhariri katika Shirika la Habari La Interfax. Tangu 2000, Andrei Gusev amekuwa mwenyekiti waк bodi ya Wakfu wa Moscow Union of Literary Figures. Andrei Gusev ndiye mwandishi wa vitabu nane vya nathari. Riwaya zake maarufu ni ''Consummation in Mombasa (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}.</ref> Once in Malindi (2021),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Review of ''"Once in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm |date=20211222073306 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''“Once in Malindi”''] on Proza.ru, 2021 {{in lang|ru}}. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=20201016190338 }}</ref> The Non-Returnee (2022),''<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Wayback|url=https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=20250812022732 }}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 ''«Невозвращенец»'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022. {{Wayback|url=https://proza.ru/2022/07/19/1220 |date=20260206150815 }}</ref> ''[[:en:The World According to Novikoff|The World According to Novikoff]]'' na ''[[:en:Mister Novelist|Mister Novelist]]''. Katika prose yake Katika Miaka ya 2010 na 2020, Andrei Gusev aliendeleza mandhari ya utamaduni WA bdsm nchini Urusi.<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Wife.htm The story “The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM” («Жена писателя играет в BDSM»)] — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Mandhari ni pamoja na utawala wa kike, utumwa, spanking erotic na bdsm fiction.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 March 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm “Our Wild Sex in Malindi”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009210533/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi.htm |date=9 October 2020 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Ivetta Sarkisyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. == Marejeo == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gusev, Andrei}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Urusi]] 06olog8br1i0mtye2exn7ncxv41wz5q 0 242631 1582210 1581851 2026-07-27T21:22:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Homemade Chow mein with shrimps and meat with a choy and Choung.jpg|thumb|chow mein]] '''Chow mein''' ni [[Chakula cha asili|chakula]] cha asili ya [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]] kinachotengenezwa kwa [[tambi]] zinazokaangwa pamoja na [[Mboga (mmea)|mboga]], na wakati mwingine huongezwa nyama au tofu. Kwa muda mrefu, aina mbalimbali za chow mein ziliibuka katika maeneo tofauti ya China. Kila eneo lina mtindo wake wa kuandaa chakula hiki, ikiwemo namna ya kukaanga tambi na aina za viambato vinavyoongeza chakula hiki katika nchi nyingine duniani. Leo, chow mein ni maarufu katika jamii nyingi za Wachina wanaoishi nje ya China na hupatikana katika migahawa mingi ya Kichina duniani. Pia ni chakula kinachopendwa [[Nchi|nchini]] [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Uingereza]] na [[Marekani]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/indian-chinese-cuisine-indias-love-affair-with-chinese-food-1214445 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-07-25 |archive-date=2026-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410154255/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/indian-chinese-cuisine-indias-love-affair-with-chinese-food-1214445 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=wiIw2_WFwC4C&q=chow+mein+nepali&pg=PA65&redir_esc=y</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Tiba]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa China]] drp4tlzy7lriq2bnb4i3zoishfm529e 0 242685 1582101 1581471 2026-07-27T14:13:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tang Yuan''' Ni madonge mepesi ya unga wa ngano ya mchele yaliyoviringishwa kuwa vya duara, yakatokoswa kwenye maji ya moto, na kisha kutumiwa pamoja na mchuzi wake mtamu.<ref>https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-02/10/content_28156187.htm</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] m0sp59ghkd8d6z39f167il5kz7csqhy 0 242686 1582102 1581476 2026-07-27T14:13:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha: Ifisashi.jpg|thumb|Ifisashi]] '''Ifisashi''' (kwa lugha ya Kibemba) au '''visashi''' (kwa lugha ya Kinyanja) ni chakula cha asili cha [[Zambia]] kinachotayarishwa kwa kutumia [[mboga]] za majani na [[karanga]]. Ifisashi mara nyingi huliwa pamoja na nshima (chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa [[unga]] wa [[mahindi]] au nafaka nyingine). Chakula hiki huchukuliwa kuwa ni chakula cha mboga (vegetarian), lakini nyama inaweza kuongezwa ikiwa mtu atapenda. Ifisashi ni chakula kinachofaa zaidi kuliwa kikiwa cha moto na mara nyingi hutolewa kama mlo mkuu.<ref name="TasteAtlas 2018 h991">{{cite web|date=2018-02-09|title=Traditional Vegetable Dish From Zambia|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/ifisashi|access-date=2024-04-16|website=TasteAtlas}}</ref><ref name="Webb Cardella 2009 p. 66">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOnEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|title=The Multicultural Cookbook for Students|last1=Webb|first1=L.S.|last2=Cardella|first2=L.G.|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-313-37559-0|page=66|access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref> Nchini Zambia, pale ambapo nshima haipatikani, ifisashi inaweza kuandaliwa na kuliwa pamoja na vyakula vingine vya nafaka au mizizi kama vile ulezi, mtama, mchele, muhogo au viazi vikuu (yam).<ref name="Cuisine Abidjan.net f847">{{cite web|title=Site permettant à ses utilisateurs de partager leurs recettes, astuces culianire, évenements culinaires et bien d'autre choses à décrouvrir comme les restaurants et les cours de cuisine dirigé par des illustres chefs cuisinier|url=https://cuisine.abidjan.net/index.php?page=view_recette&RecetteID=23435|access-date=2024-04-16|website=Cuisine Abidjan.net|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Vyakula vya Kiafrika]] [[jamii:utamaduni wa Zambia]] 29r86se38iuzaatjei8v70zhtkykff1 1582103 1582102 2026-07-27T14:14:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1582103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha: Ifisashi.jpg|thumb|Ifisashi]] '''Ifisashi''' (kwa lugha ya Kibemba) au '''visashi''' (kwa lugha ya Kinyanja) ni chakula cha asili cha [[Zambia]] kinachotayarishwa kwa kutumia [[mboga]] za majani na [[karanga]]. Ifisashi mara nyingi huliwa pamoja na nshima (chakula kinachotengenezwa kwa [[unga]] wa [[mahindi]] au nafaka nyingine). Chakula hiki huchukuliwa kuwa ni chakula cha mboga (vegetarian), lakini nyama inaweza kuongezwa ikiwa mtu atapenda. Ifisashi ni chakula kinachofaa zaidi kuliwa kikiwa cha moto na mara nyingi hutolewa kama mlo mkuu.<ref name="TasteAtlas 2018 h991">{{cite web|date=2018-02-09|title=Traditional Vegetable Dish From Zambia|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/ifisashi|access-date=2024-04-16|website=TasteAtlas}}</ref><ref name="Webb Cardella 2009 p. 66">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOnEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66|title=The Multicultural Cookbook for Students|last1=Webb|first1=L.S.|last2=Cardella|first2=L.G.|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-313-37559-0|page=66|access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref> Nchini Zambia, pale ambapo nshima haipatikani, ifisashi inaweza kuandaliwa na kuliwa pamoja na vyakula vingine vya nafaka au mizizi kama vile ulezi, mtama, mchele, muhogo au viazi vikuu (yam).<ref name="Cuisine Abidjan.net f847">{{cite web|title=Site permettant à ses utilisateurs de partager leurs recettes, astuces culianire, évenements culinaires et bien d'autre choses à décrouvrir comme les restaurants et les cours de cuisine dirigé par des illustres chefs cuisinier|url=https://cuisine.abidjan.net/index.php?page=view_recette&RecetteID=23435|access-date=2024-04-16|website=Cuisine Abidjan.net|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[jamii:utamaduni wa Zambia]] 75eo3vff5qt9fvqvvo4gau89wkhxhqm 0 242687 1582104 1581473 2026-07-27T14:15:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kemboi''' ni jina la [[ukoo]] na pia jina la kwanza lenye asili ya [[Kenya]]. Watu wengi wenye jina hili ni wanariadha mashuhuri, hasa katika [[mbio]] za masafa ya kati, masafa marefu, [[Mbio ya Marathoni|marathon]] na kuruka viunzi. === Watu wenye jina la ukoo Kemboi === * '''Amon Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1995) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa ya kati na marefu. * '''Clement Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1992) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za kuruka viunzi (steeplechase). * '''Cornelius Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 2000) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu. * '''Edward Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1993) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa ya kati. * '''Edwin Kipchirchir Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1984) – Mwanariadha wa masafa marefu aliyezaliwa Kenya lakini anayewakilisha Austria. * '''Elijah Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1984) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za marathon na mshindi wa Marathon ya Košice mwaka 2011. * '''Ezekiel Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1982) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za kuruka viunzi na bingwa wa Olimpiki mara mbili. * '''Gladys Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1986) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa marefu. * '''Lawrence Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1993) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa ya kati. * '''Micah Kogo Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1986) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa marefu. * '''Nicholas Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1983) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa marefu anayewakilisha Qatar. * '''Nicholas Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1989) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa ya kati. * '''Philemon Kiprono Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1974) – Mwanariadha wa zamani wa Kenya wa mbio za masafa marefu. * '''Silvia Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1988) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya anayebobea katika mbio za kutembea kwa kasi (race walking). * '''Simon Kemboi''' (amezaliwa 1967) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za mita 400 na mshindi wa medali katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya ukoo]] ahqtp4xu14rhwrqtxy6i78qpfg2acgd 0 242688 1582105 1581474 2026-07-27T14:16:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Burundi]] 1582105 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Mapishi ya Burundi]] j57ewzpw36e3pwej30lxh9k6v2zk4jw 0 242689 1582106 1581475 2026-07-27T14:17:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kipkirui''' (au '''Kipkurui''') ni jina la asili ya [[Kenya]]. Linaweza kumaanisha watu mbalimbali, kama vile: *Ishmael Kipkurui (amezaliwa mwaka [[2005|2005)]] – Mwanariadha wa Kenya. *Kipkurui Misoi (amezaliwa mwaka [[1978]]) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshindana mbio za kuruka viunzi na maji (steeplechase). *Moses Kipkirui (amezaliwa mwaka [[1985]]) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za kuruka viunzi na maji, ambaye baadaye aliwakilisha Qatar kwa jina la Musa Amer Obaid. *Willy Cheruiyot Kipkirui (amezaliwa mwaka [[1974]]) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya wa mbio za marathon, aliyeshinda mashindano ya Eindhoven Marathon mara nne. {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya ukoo]] 9kjqmcsblxqnlhpidezovbs2h5slc52 0 242690 1582107 1581812 2026-07-27T14:19:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afewerki''', '''Afwerki''' au '''Afewerk''' , ni jina la Kieritrea linaloweza kumrejelea: * Afewerki Tekle (1932–2012): Mchoraji wa Ethiopia aliyechora picha zenye maudhui ya Kiafrika na Kikristo, pia alikuwa msanii wa vioo vya rangi. * Abraham Afewerki (1966–2006): Mwimbaji kutoka Eritrea. * [[Isaias Afwerki]] (alizaliwa 1946): Rais wa Eritrea. {{Maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya ukoo]] [[Jamii:watu wa Eritrea]] 07gcafqo8jpqcxzm5qj0siq3npraw8q 0 242691 1582109 1581697 2026-07-27T14:20:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582109 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Yodit Getahun.jpg|thumb]] '''Yodit Getahun''' (alizaliwa [[12 Februari]] [[1985]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Ethiopia]] na [[mshindi]] wa [[taji]] la [[mashindano]] ya [[urembo]]. Alitawazwa kuwa mlimbwende wa duniani Ethiopia mwaka [[2003]] na aliwakilisha Ethiopia katika mashindano matatu ya kimataifa ya urembo, ambapo alijishindia mataji mawili Alishiriki katika shindano la mlembwende wa utalii [[Dunia|duniani]] lililofanyika [[Moscow]], [[Urusi]], na kutunukiwa taji la udhamini la Miss Neva 2003. Pia alitunukiwa taji la Miss Congeniality (Mshiriki Mwenye Urafiki Zaidi) katika mashindano ya Miss Earth yaliyofanyika Manila, Ufilipino. Aidha, alifadhiliwa na Ethiopian Life Foundation yenye makao yake [[London]] na kushiriki katika mashindano ya Miss International Beauty Pageant yaliyofanyika Tokyo, Japani.<ref>{{Citation|last=Bainbridge|first=Stephen M.|title=Introduction|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316670279.001|work=Can Delaware Be Dethroned?|pages=1–15|publisher=Cambridge University Press|access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Senegal stripped of title: Afcon ruling is lawful, but it puts Caf’s reputation at risk|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aaj.9vxptspgg|work=doi.org|date=2026-03-20|accessdate=2026-07-25|author=Fabrice Lollia}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Ethiopia]] qzc8ozc57ghde3rjii9hlt64f1dlbc3 0 242692 1582110 1581788 2026-07-27T14:21:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Nekesa Oundo''' (alizaliwa 6 Juni 1984) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Uganda]] anayehudumu kama [[Kamishna]] Mkuu wa Uganda nchini Afrika Kusini, akiwa na makao yake mjini [[Pretoria]]. Katika nafasi hiyo, pia anaiwakilisha Uganda katika nchi za Afrika Kusini, [[Botswana|Botswana,]] [[Namibia|Namibia,]] [[Lesotho|Lesotho,]] na [[Eswatini]] (zamani ilijulikana kama Swaziland).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museveni appoints Dr Kiyonga Uganda’s ambassador to Beijing|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-appoints-dr-kiyonga-uganda-s-ambassador-to-beijing-1685414|work=Monitor|date=2021-01-15|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref> Hapo awali, alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Nchi anayeshughulikia Masuala kidiplomasia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la [[Uganda|Uganda.]] Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 27 Mei 2011, akichukua nafasi ya Janet Museveni, ambaye baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Karamoja. Oundo pia alikuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la [[Busia, Uganda|Busia]] akiwakilisha wanawake<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uganda High Commission in Pretoria.|url=http://www.ugandahighcommissionpretoria.com/|work=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Uganda-High-Commission-in-South-Africa|accessdate=2026-07-25|archive-date=2014-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629123210/http://www.ugandahighcommissionpretoria.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Uganda]] b3i13vloe8vyo7qd91w3v18nrd8htga 1582112 1582110 2026-07-27T14:21:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Nekesa Oundo''' (alizaliwa 6 Juni 1984) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Uganda]] anayehudumu kama [[Kamishna]] Mkuu wa Uganda nchini Afrika Kusini, akiwa na makao yake mjini [[Pretoria]]. Katika nafasi hiyo, pia anaiwakilisha Uganda katika nchi za Afrika Kusini, [[Botswana|Botswana,]] [[Namibia|Namibia,]] [[Lesotho|Lesotho,]] na [[Eswatini]] (zamani ilijulikana kama Swaziland).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museveni appoints Dr Kiyonga Uganda’s ambassador to Beijing|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-appoints-dr-kiyonga-uganda-s-ambassador-to-beijing-1685414|work=Monitor|date=2021-01-15|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en}}</ref> Hapo awali, alihudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Nchi anayeshughulikia Masuala kidiplomasia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la [[Uganda|Uganda.]] Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 27 Mei 2011, akichukua nafasi ya Janet Museveni, ambaye baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Karamoja. Oundo pia alikuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la [[Busia, Uganda|Busia]] akiwakilisha wanawake<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uganda High Commission in Pretoria.|url=http://www.ugandahighcommissionpretoria.com/|work=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Uganda-High-Commission-in-South-Africa|accessdate=2026-07-25|archive-date=2014-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629123210/http://www.ugandahighcommissionpretoria.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Uganda]] 3ngxpmp38fmp0e60cukm7nsdibvsjea 0 242693 1582113 1581480 2026-07-27T14:22:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Tufa (Ufafanuzi)]] hadi [[Tufa (maana)]]: usahihi wa jina 1581480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tufa''' inaweza kumaanisha: * Tufa (Aina ya [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|mwamba]]): Aina ya mwamba wa chokaa. * Tufa ([[Jenerali]]): [[Mwanajeshi]] wa Kijermanik aliyekuwa akifanya kazi [[karne ya 5]] nchini [[Italia]]. * North Dock Tufa: Eneo lenye [[mawe]] yaliyoganda ya tufa huko [[Sunderland]], [[Uingereza]]. * Caerwys Tufa: Eneo lililohifadhiwa la mwamba wa tufa huko Clwyd, Wales. * Hifadhi ya Asili ya Mono Lake Tufa: Hifadhi ya asili iliyopo [[California]], Marekani. * Mto Tufa: Mto mdogo unaoingiza maji kwenye Mto Prahova nchini [[Romania]]. * Tufa (Familia ya Kifalme): Familia iliyoasisi ufalme wa Southern Liang wakati wa Enzi ya Jin nchini [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]]: ** Tufa Wugu (alifariki [[399]]): Mfalme mwanzilishi wa Southern Liang. ** Tufa Lilugu (alifariki [[402]]): Mtawala wa pili wa Southern Liang. ** Tufa Rutan (365–415): Mfalme wa mwisho kutawala Southern Liang. ** Malkia Tufa (alifariki [[423]]): Binti wa Tufa Rutan. * Tufa (Jina la Kiamhari: ቱፋ): Jina la kiume la asili ya [[Ethiopia]]: ** Firehiwot Tufa Dado (aliyezaliwa [[1984]]): Mwanariadha wa mbio za marathon wa Ethiopia. ** Mestawet Tufa (aliyezaliwa [[1983]]): Mwanariadha wa mbio ndefu wa Ethiopia. * Tufa ([[Uturuki]]): Makazi ya majira ya joto katika wilaya ya Çaykara, mkoa wa Trabzon, Uturuki. * Tufa (Riwaya): Kabilia la kubuni la viumbe vya ajabu kwenye [[riwaya]] ya njozi ya Alex Bledsoe iitwayo ''The Hum and the Shiver''. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafalme]] [[Jamii:Hadithi]] [[Jamii:Miamba]] 9jnwchmojxh5jtmkid3iv0duen70snw 1582115 1582113 2026-07-27T14:23:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tufa''' inaweza kumaanisha: * Tufa (Aina ya [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|mwamba]]): Aina ya mwamba wa chokaa. * Tufa ([[Jenerali]]): [[Mwanajeshi]] wa Kijermanik aliyekuwa akifanya kazi [[karne ya 5]] nchini [[Italia]]. * North Dock Tufa: Eneo lenye [[mawe]] yaliyoganda ya tufa huko [[Sunderland]], [[Uingereza]]. * Caerwys Tufa: Eneo lililohifadhiwa la mwamba wa tufa huko Clwyd, Wales. * Hifadhi ya Asili ya Mono Lake Tufa: Hifadhi ya asili iliyopo [[California]], Marekani. * Mto Tufa: Mto mdogo unaoingiza maji kwenye Mto Prahova nchini [[Romania]]. * Tufa (Familia ya Kifalme): Familia iliyoasisi ufalme wa Southern Liang wakati wa Enzi ya Jin nchini [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]]: ** Tufa Wugu (alifariki [[399]]): Mfalme mwanzilishi wa Southern Liang. ** Tufa Lilugu (alifariki [[402]]): Mtawala wa pili wa Southern Liang. ** Tufa Rutan (365–415): Mfalme wa mwisho kutawala Southern Liang. ** Malkia Tufa (alifariki [[423]]): Binti wa Tufa Rutan. * Tufa (Jina la Kiamhari: ቱፋ): Jina la kiume la asili ya [[Ethiopia]]: ** Firehiwot Tufa Dado (aliyezaliwa [[1984]]): Mwanariadha wa mbio za marathon wa Ethiopia. ** Mestawet Tufa (aliyezaliwa [[1983]]): Mwanariadha wa mbio ndefu wa Ethiopia. * Tufa ([[Uturuki]]): Makazi ya majira ya joto katika wilaya ya Çaykara, mkoa wa Trabzon, Uturuki. * Tufa (Riwaya): Kabilia la kubuni la viumbe vya ajabu kwenye [[riwaya]] ya njozi ya Alex Bledsoe iitwayo ''The Hum and the Shiver''. {{maana}} tlcr6ln8us5mwyo5askohu0b6jkwupk 0 242694 1582116 1581481 2026-07-27T14:24:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:A flicker of Bengali tradition.jpg|thumb|Dal puri]] '''Dal puri''' ni aina ya [[mkate]] wa [[chapati]] uliojazwa dal unaotoka katika [[vyakula]] vya Asia Kusini. Kuna aina zake zinazoliwa katika maeneo yenye watu wa asili ya [[Kihindi cha Fiji|Kihindi]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What Does Roti Mean To You?|url=https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/what-does-roti-mean-to-you|work=Thrillist|date=2021-04-16|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en|author=J. Fergus}}</ref> Toleo la Asia Kusini ni aina ya puri - chapati iliyokaangwa kwa mafuta mengi iliyotengenezwa kwa [[unga]] wa [[ngano]] kamili, na hutumia dal iliyotengenezwa kwa [[Mbaazi (mmea)|mbaazi]] za [[Chana Pilane-Majake|chana]] au dengu. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:chakula]] 6q50hrrf2t4l8enqme0d454m5aorhoq 0 242695 1582117 1581797 2026-07-27T14:26:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gugsa''' ni jina la kiume lenye asili ya [[Ethiopia]]. Jina hili linaweza kumaanisha au kuhusishwa na watu mbalimbali maarufu katika historia ya Ethiopia, wakiwemo: * Gugsa Araya Selassie – mmoja wa viongozi wa kifalme wa Ethiopia. * Gugsa wa Yejju – mtawala wa eneo la Yejju katika historia ya Ethiopia. * Gugsa Welle – kiongozi wa kifalme wa Ethiopia aliyehusishwa na familia ya kifalme ya Yejju. * Uasi wa Gugsa Wale (Gugsa Wale's rebellion) – tukio la kihistoria lililohusisha uasi ulioongozwa na Gugsa Wale dhidi ya utawala wa Ethiopia. * Haile Selassie Gugsa – mwanachama wa familia ya kifalme ya Ethiopia. * Shimeket Gugesa (Shimeket Gugsa) – jina linalohusishwa na mtu kutoka historia ya Ethiopia. {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ethiopia]] 1lsdni99nb7u0s494ejru1tb03piblj 0 242696 1582118 1581711 2026-07-27T14:27:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:ISOMBE.jpg|thumb]] '''Isombe''' au kisamvu ni [[mchuzi]] wa [[mboga]] za [[majani]] wenye [[asili]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], lakini hutumiwa sana [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Hupikwa kwa kuchemsha majani ya [[Muhogo|mihogo]] yaliyokatwa pamoja na [[nyanya]], [[Kitunguu maji|kitunguu maji,]] [[kitunguu saumu]], na mchuzi wa [[mifupa]], kisha kuongezwa [[Siagi ya karanga|siagi]] ya [[karanga]] mwishoni. Mara nyingi huliwa kwa [[ugali]], [[wali]], [[maharagwe]] au [[mkate]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Isombe {{!}} Traditional Stew From Rwanda {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/isombe|work=www.tasteatlas.com|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:24081:ed-1:v1:en|work=www.iso.org|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISOMBE – Momkoumba|url=https://momkoumba.com/isombe/|date=2025-12-30|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DSpace|url=https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/5268|work=www.suaire.sua.ac.tz|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Mboga]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] f0p8iav3h428acstikdm07rb2wl3vhw 0 242697 1582120 1581719 2026-07-27T14:30:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Porrón 1.jpg|thumb|Kalimotxo]] '''Kalimotxo''' (<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Discover the origin of Kalimotxo|url=https://www.institutohemingway.com/news/1630/discover-the-origin-of-kalimotxo-.html|work=www.institutohemingway.com|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> au '''Calimocho''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Discover the origin of Kalimotxo|url=https://www.institutohemingway.com/news/1630/discover-the-origin-of-kalimotxo-.html|work=www.institutohemingway.com|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref>) ni [[kinywaji]] kinachotengenezwa kwa kuchanganya kwa uwiano sawa [[divai]] [[nyekundu]] na <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Discover the origin of Kalimotxo|url=https://www.institutohemingway.com/news/1630/discover-the-origin-of-kalimotxo-.html|work=www.institutohemingway.com|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref>kinywaji [[baridi]] chenye ladha ya [[Kolandoto|kola]] (cola).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Discover the origin of Kalimotxo|url=https://www.institutohemingway.com/news/1630/discover-the-origin-of-kalimotxo-.html|work=www.institutohemingway.com|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:vinywaji]] fv5cpciil10vbwj8er4iy1qe5v1pzw2 0 242698 1582121 1581485 2026-07-27T14:31:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chepkwony''' ni jina lenye asili ya [[Kenya]], hasa kutoka katika jamii ya [[Wakalenjin]]. Baadhi ya [[Binadamu|watu]] maarufu nchini Kenya wenye jina hili ni: * Caroline Chepkwony (amezaliwa 1985) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu barabarani. * Franklin Chepkwony (amezaliwa 1984) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za marathon. * John Chepkwony Kipkoech (amezaliwa 1991) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu uwanjani. * Julius Chepkwony {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya ukoo]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]] gwe2uhcg4jpkw58so915zjvbr0b4dcw 1582145 1582121 2026-07-27T14:53:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Chepkwony''' ni jina lenye asili ya [[Kenya]], hasa kutoka katika jamii ya [[Wakalenjin]]. Baadhi ya [[Binadamu|watu]] maarufu nchini Kenya wenye jina hili ni: * Caroline Chepkwony (amezaliwa 1985) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu barabarani. * Franklin Chepkwony (amezaliwa 1984) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za marathon. * John Chepkwony Kipkoech (amezaliwa 1991) ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu uwanjani. * Julius Chepkwony {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya ukoo]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]] k1l8857k0wo4kbc93n1e48eqvffoy71 0 242699 1582122 1581486 2026-07-27T14:32:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Birech''' ni jina la kiume linalotoka nchini [[Kenya]]. Linatokana na neno la Kalenjin "birechik", ambalo maana yake ni mchwa jeshi (aina ya mchwa wanaotembea kwa makundi makubwa). Baadhi ya watu mashuhuri wenye jina Birech ni: *Jairus Birech (1992–2025) – Alikuwa mwanariadha wa Kenya aliyeshiriki mbio za kuruka viunzi na maji (steeplechase). *Joseph Birech (amezaliwa mwaka 1984) – Ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayekimbia mbio za masafa marefu, na ameshinda mashindano ya Great Scottish Run mara mbili. {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]] kamth48jtqmx6qxr3zed6b4z57o349z 1582142 1582122 2026-07-27T14:50:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Birech''' ni jina la kiume linalotoka nchini [[Kenya]]. Linatokana na neno la Kalenjin "birechik", ambalo maana yake ni mchwa jeshi (aina ya mchwa wanaotembea kwa makundi makubwa). Baadhi ya watu mashuhuri wenye jina Birech ni: *Jairus Birech (1992–2025) – Alikuwa mwanariadha wa Kenya aliyeshiriki mbio za kuruka viunzi na maji (steeplechase). *Joseph Birech (amezaliwa mwaka 1984) – Ni mwanariadha wa Kenya anayekimbia mbio za masafa marefu, na ameshinda mashindano ya Great Scottish Run mara mbili. {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]] 698biezf0u1fojrdkbjgyao4bfgufy4 0 242700 1582125 1581488 2026-07-27T14:40:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Malawaax.jpg|thumb|Malawah]] '''Malawah''' (pia: Malawax kutoka Kisomali: Malawax) ni aina ya [[keki]] (pancake) yenye ladha ya utamu. [[Asili]] yake ni nchini [[Somalia]] lakini huliwa mara kwa mara nchini Somalia, [[Jibuti]], pamoja na baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Ethiopia]] na [[Kenya]]. Pia huliwa nchini [[Yemen]] ambako inasadikika kuwa na uhusiano na [[chakula]] kiitwacho Malawach, ingawa chenyewe ni aina ya [[mkate]] (flatbread).<ref><nowiki>https://xawaash.com/?p=3918</nowiki></ref> Malawah ni keki tamu yenye ukubwa wa [[sahani]] ambayo huliwa kama [[chakula]] cha [[asubuhi]] au kama kitafunwa wakati wowote [[mchana]]. Inafanana sana na [[andazi]] jembamba na huwekwa [[iliki]] ili kuipa ladha na harufu nzuri.<ref><nowiki>https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1023357-malawax-cardamom-crepe</nowiki></ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Somalia]] f9z956nvi4u7wnqm6j0jm4eqry9203w 0 242702 1582126 1581490 2026-07-27T14:40:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Siwa (beer)]] hadi [[Siwa (bia)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1581490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siwa''' (au '''Suwa''') (kwa Kigaritinya: ሰዋ, iliyoandikwa kwa herufi za Kilatini kama säwa; kwa Kiamhari: ጠላ) ni aina ya bia ya jadi inayotoka nchini Eritrea na [[Ethiopia]]. Kwa kawaida, siwa hutengenezwa nyumbani kwa kutumia mbinu za kienyeji, na bado ni kinywaji kinachopendwa na watu wa maeneo hayo wakati wa matukio ya kijamii, baada ya kufanya kazi za mikono, na pia hutumika kama motisha au zawadi kwa wakulima na wafanyakazi. Maelfu ya nyumba za kutengeneza na kuuza bia ya jadi zinazojulikana kama Enda Siwa zimeenea katika maeneo ya mijini na vijijini ya Tigray, zikifanya sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni na maisha ya kijamii ya jamii hiyo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fetien Abay |author1-link=Fetien Abay |last2=Waters-Bayer |first2=A. |last3=Bjørnstad |first3=Å. |date=2008 |title=Farmers' seed management and innovation in varietal selection: implications for barley breeding in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia |journal=Ambio |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=312–321 |doi=10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[312:FSMAII]2.0.CO;2 |pmid=18686512 |s2cid=19271989}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ayimut Kiros-Meles |last2=Abang |first2=M. |date=2008 |title=Farmers' knowledge of crop diseases and control strategies in the Regional State of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia: implications for farmer–researcher collaboration in disease management |journal=Agriculture and Human Values |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=433–452 |doi=10.1007/s10460-007-9109-6 |s2cid=153946918}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yemane Tsehaye |last2=Bjørnstad |first2=Å. |last3=Fetien Abay |author3-link=Fetien Abay |date=2012 |title=Phenotypic and genotypic variation in flowering time in Ethiopian barleys |journal=Euphytica |volume=188 |issue=3 |pages=309–323 |doi=10.1007/s10681-012-0764-3 |s2cid=15197109}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Pombe za Asili]] [[Jamii:Jadi]] nr3gqn2amlmge1rksk4ulo9ko78bh9x 0 242712 1582213 1581507 2026-07-27T22:43:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Cleome gynandra Blanco1.233-cropped.jpg|thumb|Cleome gynandra]] '''Cleome gynandra''' ni aina ya [[mmea]] unaotumika kama [[mboga]] ya majani katika maeneo mbalimbali ya [[Afrika]] na sehemu nyingine [[Dunia|duniani]]. Mmea huu unajulikana kwa majina tofauti kama mboga ya Kiafrika, Shona cabbage, Spiderwisp, Cat’s whiskers na Stinkweed Ni mmea unaoota kila mwaka na asili yake ni Afrika, lakini kwa sasa umeenea katika maeneo mengi yenye hali ya hewa ya joto na ukanda wa [[tropiki]] na [[nusutropiki]] duniani. Majani ya mmea huu hutumika kama chakula na ni sehemu ya vyakula vya asili katika jamii mbalimbali.<ref name="POWO">{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:170681-1|title=''Lumnitzera racemosa'' Willd.|date=2024|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://avrdc.org/spider-plant-cleome-gynandra/|title=Spider plant (Cleome gynandra)|language=en-US|date=25 April 2016|website=[[World Vegetable Center]]|access-date=19 July 2016|archive-date=2023-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531135145/http://avrdc.org/spider-plant-cleome-gynandra/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70YAn8VIThYC&dq=Waithaka,+K&pg=PA31|title=Gynandropsis Gynandra (L.) Briq: A Tropical Leafy Vegetable, Its Cultivation and Utilization|last1=Waithaka|first1=Kimani|last2=Chweya|first2=James A.|date=1991|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-103023-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cleome gynandra L|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cleomegynandra2.html|access-date=2023-12-05|website=www.plantzafrica.com}}</ref> == Muonekano na Tabia za Cleome gynandra == Cleome gynandra ni mmea unaoota wima na huwa na matawi mengi. Kwa kawaida hukua hadi urefu wa takribani sentimita 25 hadi 60, lakini katika mazingira mazuri unaweza kufikia hadi sentimita 150. Mmea huu una majani yaliyogawanyika katika sehemu ndogo zenye umbo la mviringo. Maua yake huwa na rangi ya nyeupe, na wakati mwingine hubadilika kuwa waridi hafifu yanapokomaa. Majani na maua ya Cleome gynandra yote yanaweza kuliwa kama chakula. Majani yake yana ladha ya uchungu kidogo yenye ukakasi unaofanana na mboga za haradali. Mmea huu huzaa matunda yenye umbo refu kama ganda, ambayo hubadilika rangi kutoka kijani hadi njano na baadaye kahawia yanapokauka. Ganda hilo hufunguka na kutoa mbegu nyingi ndogo nyeusi zenye mafuta. Cleome gynandra pia huwa na mzizi mrefu unaoingia ndani ya udongo, ambao husaidia mmea kupata maji na virutubisho. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mmea}} [[Jamii:Mboga]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] dctavaks8zmnqgeh973p6iht5c964zl 0 242713 1582129 1581525 2026-07-27T14:42:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Somalia]] 1582129 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mapishi ya Somalia]] 2i4hlgxjscbzdiz9ihhh259ljhip5o0 0 242714 1582132 1581506 2026-07-27T14:44:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Spaghetti vongole 2.jpg|thumb|mchanganyiko wa pasta]] '''Mapishi ya Kitalia ya Eritrea''' ni mchanganyiko wa vyakula na viungo vya [[Kieritrea]] pamoja na vyakula vya Kiitalia. Ni vyakula vya Kiitalia kama vile [[pasta]] yenye kiungo cha [[berbere]], lasanya, na [[katlesi]] ni maarufu sana [[Eritrea]] kutokana na [[historia]] ya nchi hizo mbili. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Eritrea]] bpujz1aybt5u8sk4aywwnonnhehln8y 1582133 1582132 2026-07-27T14:45:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1582133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Spaghetti vongole 2.jpg|thumb|Mchanganyiko wa pasta.]] '''Mapishi ya Kiitalia ya Eritrea''' ni mchanganyiko wa vyakula na viungo vya [[Kieritrea]] pamoja na vyakula vya Kiitalia. Ni vyakula vya Kiitalia kama vile [[pasta]] yenye kiungo cha [[berbere]], [[lasanya]], na [[katlesi]] ni maarufu sana [[Eritrea]] kutokana na [[historia]] ya nchi hizo mbili. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Eritrea]] bk6iblbmyhxxo316honpajsgvddocpq 1582134 1582133 2026-07-27T14:46:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Italian Eritrean cuisine]] hadi [[Mapishi ya Kiitalia ya Eritrea]]: jina la Kiswahili 1582133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Spaghetti vongole 2.jpg|thumb|Mchanganyiko wa pasta.]] '''Mapishi ya Kiitalia ya Eritrea''' ni mchanganyiko wa vyakula na viungo vya [[Kieritrea]] pamoja na vyakula vya Kiitalia. Ni vyakula vya Kiitalia kama vile [[pasta]] yenye kiungo cha [[berbere]], [[lasanya]], na [[katlesi]] ni maarufu sana [[Eritrea]] kutokana na [[historia]] ya nchi hizo mbili. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Chakula]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Eritrea]] bk6iblbmyhxxo316honpajsgvddocpq 0 242717 1582136 1582013 2026-07-27T14:46:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Tafa (kutofautisha)]] hadi [[Tafa (maana)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1582013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''afa''' linaweza kumaanisha mambo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na: * Tafa, Eneo la Serikali za Mitaa nchini [[Nigeria]] – eneo la utawala nchini Nigeria. * Hekalu la Taffeh (Temple of Taffeh), Misri – hekalu la kale la Misri lenye umuhimu wa kihistoria. * Tafa Air – shirika la zamani la ndege la gharama nafuu (low-cost airline) kutoka Albania. * Parachaetolopha tafa – aina ya nondo (moth) wa familia ya Geometridae, anayepatikana Papua New Guinea. * Tafa pia ni kifupi cha jina Mustafa. Watu maarufu wenye jina la Tafa ni pamoja na: * Tafa Balogun (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1947) – Mkuu wa Jeshi la Polisi la Nigeria (Inspector General of the Nigerian Police). * Lisiate Tafa (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1979) – mchezaji wa raga (rugby union) kutoka Tonga. * Nexhati Tafa – mwandishi wa filamu kutoka Albania. * Askale Tafa (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1984) – mwanariadha wa kike wa [[Ethiopia]] anayeshiriki mbio za marathoni. gnzkkgd3bcypbyahzyx2s9d8pqwy2hy 0 242723 1582139 1581522 2026-07-27T14:47:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Zambia]] 1582139 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mapishi ya Zambia]] t39lxn5e6imnwcm6gel40xtsv6vq1zr 0 242725 1582165 1581524 2026-07-27T16:35:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Banana wine from Malawi.png|thumb]] Mvinyo wa [[ndizi]] ni kinywaji cha kilevi kin {{Mbegu}} achotengenezwa kutokana na [[ndizi]] zilizoiva. Hutambulika kama mojawapo ya aina za mvinyo wa matunda kwa kuwa malighafi yake kuu ni ndizi. Katika utengenezaji wake, [[ndizi]] zilizoiva humenywa maganda na kupondwa ili kupata tope la ndizi. Baadaye huongezwa maji [[sukari]] na chachu maalumu ya kutengeneza [[mvinyo]]. Chachu hiyo husababisha mchakato wa uchachushaji, ambapo [[sukari]] hubadilishwa kuwa pombe. Baada ya mchakato huo kukamilika, mchanganyiko huchujwa na kusafishwa ili kupata mvinyo wa [[ndizi]] wenye ubora, ladha na harufu ya kuvutia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=BuzNzm-x0l8C&pg=PA85&redir_esc=y|title=Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]|last=Jr|first=Jack S. Blocker|last2=Fahey|first2=David M.|last3=Tyrrell|first3=Ian R.|date=2003-12-17|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-57607-833-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rate limit reached|url=http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/filemgr?file_id=7216407|work=wayback.archive-it.org|accessdate=2026-07-25|archive-date=2013-12-12|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131212071735/http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/filemgr?file_id=7216407|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Tiba]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] igm5p7c8x4t12mp13edfjfu6ibuo7ye 0 242732 1582111 1581536 2026-07-27T14:21:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angodic''' ni [[chakula]] cha jadi kinachopendwa na jamii ya Karamoja wanaoishi katika eneo la Karamoja [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Uganda]]. Chakula hiki hutengenezwa kwa kuchanganya [[maziwa]] yaliyoganda na kuwa na uchachu, ulezi uliosagwa, samli (ghee), pamoja na karanga zilizokaangwa na kusagwa. Baada ya kutayarishwa, Angodic huongezewa kiasi kidogo cha asali ili kusaidia kukihifadhi na kinaweza kudumu hadi mwaka mmoja bila kuharibika. Angodic ni sehemu ya utamaduni na mila za Wakaramoja. Huliwa na jamii hiyo pamoja na viongozi wa kimila, na huonekana kama chakula chenye umuhimu katika maisha yao ya kila siku na matukio ya kijamii.<ref>{{Cite web|last=SoftPower|date=2017-07-26|title=Best local Karamojong dishes feature on cultural tourism affair|url=https://softpower.ug/best-local-karamojong-dishes-feature-on-cultural-tourism-affair/|access-date=2025-02-09|website=SoftPower News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside Karamoja Cultural event 2022|url=https://www.karamojanews.com/2022/08/31/inside-karamoja-cultural-event-2022/|access-date=2025-02-09|website=KARAMOJA NEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628220942/https://www.karamojanews.com/2022/08/31/inside-karamoja-cultural-event-2022/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-09|title=The Karamoja we never hear about|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/the-karamoja-we-never-hear-about-1558508|access-date=2025-02-10|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] rp0epqke3nul9x0wg9004tgjm28milz 0 242737 1582144 1581749 2026-07-27T14:53:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Morisi]] 1582144 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mapishi ya Morisi]] bwd9anfy1acm4sr8jmimx4emesm62jn 0 242758 1582146 1581571 2026-07-27T14:54:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Tanzania]] 1582146 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mapishi ya Tanzania]] 18ztx4iux1d8faa4g4zrv88s8cr5w9v 0 242768 1582148 1581747 2026-07-27T14:56:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Malawi]] 1582148 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mapishi ya Malawi]] 0z4fc2so72dpfco7pvih00dek20kjwz 0 242772 1582150 1581686 2026-07-27T14:59:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mapishi ya Eritrea]] 1582150 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mapishi ya Eritrea]] rsywbb87yi26ze77t6u4mdwywj19yyx 0 242777 1582181 1581591 2026-07-27T17:56:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:THB 33ml.jpg|thumb|Bia ya farasi watatu]] {{Mbegu}} Bia ya farasi watutu ni '''bia''' aina ya pale lager inayotengenezwa na [[kampuni]] ya Star Breweries [[Nchi|nchini]] [[Madagaska|Madagascar]] tangu mwaka [[1958]]. Hii ndiyo bia inayouzwa zaidi nchini Madagascar na inachukuliwa kama moja ya alama muhimu za taifa hilo. THB inauzwa kote nchini Madagascar, na tangu mwaka [[2005]] imekuwa ikisafirishwa kwenda nchi na maeneo kama Ufaransa, Kisiwa cha Réunion, Comoro, na Mayotte.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historique {{!}} Les Brasseries STAR Madagascar|url=http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique|work=www.brasseries-star.com|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=fr|archive-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605195710/http://www.brasseries-star.com/historique|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] 9nhl01rwkxtk3r3u4648esyoati7uwv 0 242811 1582180 1581637 2026-07-27T17:56:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582180 wikitext text/x-wiki "Bia nchini [[Ethiopia]] ndiyo kinywaji cha kilevi kinachozalishwa [[viwandani]] kinachopendwa zaidi na kutumiwa kwa wingi. Miongoni mwa aina za [[bia]], bia ya lager ndiyo inayotumiwa zaidi. Hata hivyo, katika maeneo ya vijijini, bia za asili zinazotengenezwa nyumbani kama vile tella au siwa bado ndizo zinazotawala kwa matumizi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia to end malt import boosting local production – new Business Ethiopia (nBE)|url=https://newbusinessethiopia.com/ethiopia-to-end-malt-import-boosting-local-production/|work=newbusinessethiopia.com|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901023219/https://newbusinessethiopia.com/ethiopia-to-end-malt-import-boosting-local-production/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Mbegu]] gf9jh28u1gb32ypwpufvp8wpbubbe5z 0 242889 1582086 1582032 2026-07-27T12:28:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Libya]] ni [[nchi]] ya [[Afrika]] [[Kaskazini]] yenye wakazi wengi wanaozungumza [[Kiarabu]]. Ina urithi mkubwa wa [[muziki]] ulioundwa na athari za muziki wa Kiarabu-Andalusia, utawala wa Milki ya Ottoman, pamoja na [[tamaduni]] za wenyeji wa Wabedui na Waamazigh. Aina mbalimbali za muziki wa Kiarabu ni maarufu nchini humo, zikiwemo muziki wa Andalusia (unaojulikana nchini Libya kama Malouf), Chaabi, na muziki wa [[jadi]] wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Music of Libya|url=https://libyanheritagehouse.org/arts-culture/music-of-libya|work=Libyan Heritage House|accessdate=2026-07-27|language=en-US}}</ref> == Muziki wa Jadi == ==== Malouf ==== Malouf ni mojawapo ya aina mashuhuri zaidi za muziki wa Libya. [[Asili]] yake ni muziki wa Andalusia, uliowasili Afrika Kaskazini baada ya kufukuzwa kwa Wamoor kutoka [[Hispania]] katika [[karne]] ya [[15]]. Kiasili Malouf hupangwa katika nuba [[24]], ambapo kila nuba hugawanywa katika sehemu tano zinazoitwa mīzān. Maonyesho ya muziki wa Malouf huwa marefu, mara nyingi yakidumu kwa saa [[sita]] hadi [[saba]], na huanza kwa utangulizi wa ala za muziki unaoitwa tushiya, ambao huandaa mazingira kabla ya kuanza sehemu kuu ya uimbaji na upigaji wa muziki. === Chaabi === Chaabi ni aina maarufu ya muziki wa [[watu]] nchini Libya ambayo inapendwa sana na [[jamii]] za mijini na vijijini. Muziki huu una [[mizizi]] yake katika mitindo ya jadi ya muziki wa Afrika Kaskazini. Chaabi ya Libya huunganisha midundo ya uchangamfu, [[mashairi]] yenye maudhui mbalimbali, na mtindo wa mwito na mwitikio, ambapo mwimbaji mmoja huimba mstari na [[hadhira]] au kundi la [[waimbaji]] hujibu. Mtindo huu huchochea ushiriki wa wasikilizaji, hivyo kufanya maonyesho yake kuwa ya kuvutia na yenye mwingiliano mkubwa kati ya wanamuziki na [[hadhira]]. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Libya]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] 1wax4hcbrzwm0nxu3eknsh3qn3h8s5t 0 242922 1582088 2026-07-27T12:59:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television film|jina=Mogambo|nchi=Marekani|mwongozaji=[[John Ford]]|nyota=[[Clark Gable]]<br />[[Ava Gardner]]<br />[[Grace Kelly]]|msambazaji=[[Loews Cineplex Entertainment|Loew's, Inc.]]|muda=115 minutes|lugha=Kingereza|studio=[[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]}} [[Faili:Mogambo Ava.jpg|thumb|Ava Gardner katika filamu ''Mogambo'']] '''Mogambo''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[mwaka]] [[1953]] , inayochanganya vipengele vya matukio na [[tamthilia]] ya kimapenzi. Filamu hii iliongozwa na John Ford na kuwaigiza Clark Gable, Ava Gardner, na Grace Kelly, huku Donald Sinden akionekana katika nafasi ya kusaidia. Filamu ilirekodiwa katika maeneo halisi ya [[Afrika Mashariki]] ya [[Kiingereza]] ya [[kikoloni]], yakiwemo [[Tanganyika]], Protekta ya [[Uganda]], na Kongo ya [[Kifaransa]]. [[Muziki]] wake unajumuisha karibu kabisa muziki wa jadi uliorekodiwa nchini Kongo. ''Mogambo'' ilitayarishwa na John Lee Mahin, ambaye aliibadilisha kutoka tamthilia ya Red Dust ([[1928]]) iliyoandikwa na Wilson Collison. Filamu hii inachukuliwa kuwa toleo jipya (remake) la filamu Red Dust ya mwaka [[1932]], ambayo ilikuwa imewekwa nchini [[Vietnam]] na pia ilimshirikisha Clark Gable katika nafasi hiyo hiyo.<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mogambo</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Sinden</ref> == Waigizaji == * Clark Gable kama Victor Marswell * Ava Gardner kama Eloise "Honey Bear" Kelly * Grace Kelly kama Linda Nordley * Donald Sinden kama Donald Nordley * Philip Stainton kama John Brown-Pryce * Eric Pohlmann kama Leon Boltchak * Laurence Naismith kama Skipper * Denis O'Dea kama Father Josef (Padri Josef) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 1953]] e1ekfpaenk5h1kkpp1buj7cbexxjpu8 0 242923 1582091 2026-07-27T13:37:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|name=Kizomba|asili ya mtindo={{hlist|[[Semba]]|[[Zouk]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.opais.net/pt/dossier/?det=21059|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927200128/http://www.opais.net/pt/dossier/?det=21059|archive-date=2013-09-27|url-status=dead|title=Eduardo Paim "Sou o precursor da kizomba" - Cadernos Especiais - Dossiers Online|date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>}}|asili ya utamaduni=1984, [[Angola]]|mada nyingine={{hlist|[[Muziki wa Angola]]|}}}} '''Kizomba''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] na [[ngoma]] ya kijamii iliyoanzia nchini [[Angola]] mwishoni mwa [[miaka]] ya [[1970]] hadi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]]. Kizomba ni sehemu ya urithi wa kitaifa wa Angola, na [[neno]] "kizomba" katika lugha ya Kimbundu humaanisha "[[sherehe]]" au "tafrija". Kiasili, Kizomba ilikuwa ikichezwa na wanafamilia, [[marafiki]] na watu wanaofahamiana katika mazingira ya kijamii kama vile sherehe na [[harusi]]. Siku hizi, Kizomba hufurahiwa pia katika vilabu vya [[burudani]] na katika mazingira mengine, kama vile Kizomba Na Rua, ambayo ni maarufu katika jiji la [[Luanda]], Angola. == Asili na Maendeleo == ==== Aina ya Muziki ==== [[Asili]] ya Kizomba inaweza kufuatiliwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 nchini Angola. Muziki wa Kizomba hutambulika kwa kuwa na midundo ya taratibu zaidi, ya kimapenzi, na yenye [[hisia]] na [[mvuto]] mkubwa kuliko muziki wa jadi wa Angola unaojulikana kama Semba. Kizomba iliibuka kama muunganiko wa muziki wa Semba wa Angola na muziki wa Zouk wa [[visiwa]] vya Antilles (Antillean Zouk), huku pia ukiathiriwa na mitindo mingine ya muziki wa Angola === Ghana === [[Faili:Ebo Anderson Jnr.jpg|thumb|Mcheza Kizomba wa Ghana, Victor Ebo Anderson Jnr, akicheza Kizomba pamoja na mwenzi wake]] Nchini '''[[Ghana]]''', Kizomba ni mojawapo ya aina za [[ngoma]] zinazokua kwa kasi, hasa katika mji mkuu wa '''[[Accra]]'''. Vipindi vya kucheza Kizomba hufanyika kila wiki katika Kituo cha Burudani cha Afrikiko, pamoja na baa na migahawa mingine, na kuvutia wapenzi wengi wa ngoma hiyo.<ref>https://www.verangola.net/va/en/042024/Culture/39682/Ministry-of-Culture-declares-Tchianda-and-Kizomba-as-national-intangible-cultural-heritage</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927200128/http://www.opais.net/pt/dossier/?det=21059</ref><ref>https://kizombalove.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Kizombalove-Syllabus.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Angola]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Ngoma]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] 3m3l7g59e5reuc3y6qkujyv4uzom4hf 1582159 1582091 2026-07-27T16:15:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|name=Kizomba|asili ya mtindo={{hlist|[[Semba]]|[[Zouk]]<ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.opais.net/pt/dossier/?det=21059|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927200128/http://www.opais.net/pt/dossier/?det=21059|archive-date=2013-09-27|url-status=dead|title=Eduardo Paim "Sou o precursor da kizomba" - Cadernos Especiais - Dossiers Online|date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>}}|asili ya utamaduni=1984, [[Angola]]|mada nyingine={{hlist|[[Muziki wa Angola]]|}}}} '''Kizomba''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] na [[ngoma]] ya kijamii iliyoanzia nchini [[Angola]] mwishoni mwa [[miaka]] ya [[1970]] hadi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]]. Kizomba ni sehemu ya urithi wa kitaifa wa Angola, na [[neno]] "kizomba" katika lugha ya Kimbundu humaanisha "[[sherehe]]" au "tafrija". Kiasili, Kizomba ilikuwa ikichezwa na wanafamilia, [[marafiki]] na watu wanaofahamiana katika mazingira ya kijamii kama vile sherehe na [[harusi]]. Siku hizi, Kizomba hufurahiwa pia katika vilabu vya [[burudani]] na katika mazingira mengine, kama vile Kizomba Na Rua, ambayo ni maarufu katika jiji la [[Luanda]], Angola. == Asili na Maendeleo == ==== Aina ya Muziki ==== [[Asili]] ya Kizomba inaweza kufuatiliwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 nchini Angola. Muziki wa Kizomba hutambulika kwa kuwa na midundo ya taratibu zaidi, ya kimapenzi, na yenye [[hisia]] na [[mvuto]] mkubwa kuliko muziki wa jadi wa Angola unaojulikana kama Semba. Kizomba iliibuka kama muunganiko wa muziki wa Semba wa Angola na muziki wa Zouk wa [[visiwa]] vya Antilles (Antillean Zouk), huku pia ukiathiriwa na mitindo mingine ya muziki wa Angola === Ghana === [[Faili:Ebo Anderson Jnr.jpg|thumb|Mcheza Kizomba wa Ghana, Victor Ebo Anderson Jnr, akicheza Kizomba pamoja na mwenzi wake]] Nchini '''[[Ghana]]''', Kizomba ni mojawapo ya aina za [[ngoma]] zinazokua kwa kasi, hasa katika mji mkuu wa '''[[Accra]]'''. Vipindi vya kucheza Kizomba hufanyika kila wiki katika Kituo cha Burudani cha Afrikiko, pamoja na baa na migahawa mingine, na kuvutia wapenzi wengi wa ngoma hiyo.<ref>https://www.verangola.net/va/en/042024/Culture/39682/Ministry-of-Culture-declares-Tchianda-and-Kizomba-as-national-intangible-cultural-heritage</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927200128/http://www.opais.net/pt/dossier/?det=21059</ref><ref>https://kizombalove.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Kizombalove-Syllabus.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Angola]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Ngoma]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] jgm1i26rsvp2ypa4016nyzixa4kbr1p 0 242924 1582093 2026-07-27T13:40:05Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nicole Cole''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alichaguliwa kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wajumbe la Virginia mnamo [[2025 Virginia House of Delegates election|2025.]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nicole Cole|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Nicole_Cole|accessdate=2025-11-06|work=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> Akiwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]], alimshinda Bobby Orrock, mgombea [[Chama cha Republican|wa chama cha Republican]]...' 1582093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Cole''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alichaguliwa kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wajumbe la Virginia mnamo [[2025 Virginia House of Delegates election|2025.]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nicole Cole|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Nicole_Cole|accessdate=2025-11-06|work=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> Akiwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]], alimshinda Bobby Orrock, mgombea [[Chama cha Republican|wa chama cha Republican]] aliyehudumu kwa miaka 35, kwa tofauti ya 4.39%. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Hunley|first=Taft Coghill Jr and Jonathan|date=2025-11-05|title='I am elated:' Nicole Cole defeats 35-year incumbent Orrock in race for House District 66|url=https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/11/05/i-am-elated-nicole-cole-defeats-35-year-incumbent-orrock-in-house-district-66/|accessdate=2025-11-06|work=Fredericksburg Free Press|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] q0cciz48q0cpp0ls7p3mlqp7jwt1b08 0 242925 1582095 2026-07-27T13:47:10Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sharna Jackson''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[hadithi]] za watoto kutoka Uingereza. <ref name="Thomas">Rebecca Thomas, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47883118 Author Sharna Jackson: Bringing diversity into children's books], ''[[BBC News]]'', 17 April 2019. Accessed 7 June 2020.</ref> Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa mfululizo wa mafumbo, unaolenga wasomaji wa darasa la kati, unaowashirikisha Nik na Norva, dada wawili weusi, ambao hutatua uhalifu katik...' 1582095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharna Jackson''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[hadithi]] za watoto kutoka Uingereza. <ref name="Thomas">Rebecca Thomas, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-47883118 Author Sharna Jackson: Bringing diversity into children's books], ''[[BBC News]]'', 17 April 2019. Accessed 7 June 2020.</ref> Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa mfululizo wa mafumbo, unaolenga wasomaji wa darasa la kati, unaowashirikisha Nik na Norva, dada wawili weusi, ambao hutatua uhalifu katika eneo fulani, Tri Estate, Kusini mwa London . <ref name="Eyre">Charlotte Eyre, [https://www.thebookseller.com/news/knights-buys-debut-sharna-jackson-869416 Knights Of buys debut by Sharna Jackson], ''[[The Bookseller]]'', 28 September 2018. Accessed 7 June 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] cknlm52e9trtkqz79nz1atzp1jpccq0 0 242926 1582097 2026-07-27T13:52:15Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mammy Lou''' (alizaliwa karibu [[1804]] - alifariki baada ya [[1918]]) alidai kuwa amefikia umri ambao ungemfanya kuwa mmoja wa watu wa kwanza kuzaliwa kuonekana katika [[filamu]] . <ref>[https://benbeck.co.uk/firsts/2_The_Human_Subject/movie1h.htm Earliest born person to be filmed]</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]]' 1582097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mammy Lou''' (alizaliwa karibu [[1804]] - alifariki baada ya [[1918]]) alidai kuwa amefikia umri ambao ungemfanya kuwa mmoja wa watu wa kwanza kuzaliwa kuonekana katika [[filamu]] . <ref>[https://benbeck.co.uk/firsts/2_The_Human_Subject/movie1h.htm Earliest born person to be filmed]</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] s57dc1gs4qxk3yal3hpv6q4q5dpsy5n 0 242927 1582098 2026-07-27T14:02:54Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shardé Thomas''' (alizaliwa [[Januari]] [[1990]], Coldwater, Mississippi, [[Marekani]]), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://digital.livingblues.comhttps//digital.livingblues.com/articles/sharde-thomas-mallory|title=Living Blues Living Blues #293: Sharde Thomas-Mallory|work=Digital.livingblues.comhttps|accessdate=November 10, 2025}}</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[Fife (musical instrument)|fife]] wa Marekani katika utamaduni wa fife wa Marekani na blues za ngoma un...' 1582098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shardé Thomas''' (alizaliwa [[Januari]] [[1990]], Coldwater, Mississippi, [[Marekani]]), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://digital.livingblues.comhttps//digital.livingblues.com/articles/sharde-thomas-mallory|title=Living Blues Living Blues #293: Sharde Thomas-Mallory|work=Digital.livingblues.comhttps|accessdate=November 10, 2025}}</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[Fife (musical instrument)|fife]] wa Marekani katika utamaduni wa fife wa Marekani na blues za ngoma unaotoweka. Yeye ni mjukuu wa [[Othar Turner]], aliyeanzisha Rising Star Fife na Drum Band, na binamu wa mwanabendi mwenzake Andre Turner Evans. <ref>{{Rejea habari}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] nymrqvaxqhj6o4vad5j6pxmwyt4ltux 1582099 1582098 2026-07-27T14:04:00Z Godfavor22 83108 1582099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shardé Thomas''' (alizaliwa [[Januari]] [[1990]], Coldwater, Mississippi, [[Marekani]]), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://digital.livingblues.comhttps//digital.livingblues.com/articles/sharde-thomas-mallory|title=Living Blues Living Blues #293: Sharde Thomas-Mallory|work=Digital.livingblues.comhttps|accessdate=November 10, 2025}}</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[Fife (musical instrument)|fife]] wa Marekani katika utamaduni wa fife wa Marekani na blues za ngoma unaotoweka. Yeye ni mjukuu wa [[Othar Turner]], aliyeanzisha Rising Star Fife na Drum Band, na binamu wa mwanabendi mwenzake Andre Turner Evans. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] k6c0eas14am9k2agxx6hw2etkkbiogs 0 242928 1582100 2026-07-27T14:09:21Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Linda Hayes''' (alizaliwa '''Bertha Lulu Williams''', [[10 Desemba|Desemba 10]], [[1923]] &#x2013; [[26 Mei|Mei 26]], [[1998]]) <ref name="bare">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Blues - A Regional Experience|last=Eagle|first=Bob|last2=LeBlanc|first2=Eric S.|publisher=Praeger Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-0313344237|location=Santa Barbara|pages=265}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa midundo na blues wa [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] Jamii:Wal...' 1582100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Hayes''' (alizaliwa '''Bertha Lulu Williams''', [[10 Desemba|Desemba 10]], [[1923]] &#x2013; [[26 Mei|Mei 26]], [[1998]]) <ref name="bare">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Blues - A Regional Experience|last=Eagle|first=Bob|last2=LeBlanc|first2=Eric S.|publisher=Praeger Publishers|year=2013|isbn=978-0313344237|location=Santa Barbara|pages=265}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa midundo na blues wa [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1998]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] fcqz69ay2nmp7nbtwnhgfga1u60qng8 0 242929 1582114 2026-07-27T14:22:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Tufa (Ufafanuzi)]] hadi [[Tufa (maana)]]: usahihi wa jina 1582114 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tufa (maana)]] td38kvsgm40btge8qodyvvqhsxddcwv 0 242930 1582127 2026-07-27T14:40:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Siwa (beer)]] hadi [[Siwa (bia)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1582127 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Siwa (bia)]] 7zs5cs06u2gkyqd2e7t5sy1276oa6to 0 242931 1582135 2026-07-27T14:46:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Italian Eritrean cuisine]] hadi [[Mapishi ya Kiitalia ya Eritrea]]: jina la Kiswahili 1582135 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mapishi ya Kiitalia ya Eritrea]] 14h6zrtntv9nualz4vxg7jvjlxl0dhk 0 242932 1582137 2026-07-27T14:46:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Tafa (kutofautisha)]] hadi [[Tafa (maana)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1582137 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tafa (maana)]] 8q83xpt4w8embrx7qktcxvnceie7zln 0 242933 1582166 2026-07-27T16:44:41Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maimuna "Muna" Otaru''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]] alizaliwa [[Liverpool]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thandiekay.com/2015/09/25/muna-otaru-from-liverpool-to-lagos-to-the-big-screen/|title=Muna Otaru: from Liverpool to Lagos to the Big Screen|date=2015-09-25|work=ThandieKay|accessdate=2017-06-13}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jukumu lake kama Mad katika filamu ''ya The Keeping Room'' . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] Jamii:Waigizaj...' 1582166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maimuna "Muna" Otaru''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]] alizaliwa [[Liverpool]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thandiekay.com/2015/09/25/muna-otaru-from-liverpool-to-lagos-to-the-big-screen/|title=Muna Otaru: from Liverpool to Lagos to the Big Screen|date=2015-09-25|work=ThandieKay|accessdate=2017-06-13}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jukumu lake kama Mad katika filamu ''ya The Keeping Room'' . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] gxkf7zfzw18nur0jtnrhpzrgja8bh8k 0 242934 1582167 2026-07-27T16:51:02Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Sophie Jobarteh''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza Ruth Kirby kwenye tamthilia ya shule ya BBC ''ya Waterloo Road'' . Pia alicheza jukumu katika mfululizo wa kusisimua ''wa Paradox'' mnamo [[2009]], alipocheza jukumu la Dionne Hudson. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://friendfeed.com/humanities-news-et-sim/cb59d70c/anna-jobarteh-also-appeared-in-science-fiction|title=Anna Jobarteh also appeared in science fiction... - H...' 1582167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Sophie Jobarteh''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza Ruth Kirby kwenye tamthilia ya shule ya BBC ''ya Waterloo Road'' . Pia alicheza jukumu katika mfululizo wa kusisimua ''wa Paradox'' mnamo [[2009]], alipocheza jukumu la Dionne Hudson. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://friendfeed.com/humanities-news-et-sim/cb59d70c/anna-jobarteh-also-appeared-in-science-fiction|title=Anna Jobarteh also appeared in science fiction... - Humanities News et sim - FriendFeed|accessdate=2010-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014070635/http://friendfeed.com/humanities-news-et-sim/cb59d70c/anna-jobarteh-also-appeared-in-science-fiction|archivedate=2012-10-14}}</ref> Baadaye aliigiza kama Christie katika kipindi kiitwacho ''Combat Kids'' kwenye Channel ya CBBC mnamo [[2010]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/11_november/04/combat_kids.shtml|title=Combat Kids|work=BBC}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] oxxhaf6khcmwjdsb75ax7oxipmgkff8 0 242935 1582168 2026-07-27T16:54:50Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beulah Hall Jones''' (pia anajulikana kama Beulah Hall) <ref name="A">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Person/20688-Beulah-HallJones|title=Beulah Hall Jones|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref> alikuwa mwigizaji [[Wamarekani weusi|Mwafrika Mmarekani]] anayejulikana kwa filamu kama vile ''The Realization of a Negro's Ambition'', ''The Trooper of Troop K'', ''Cameo Kirby'', <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Hall|first=Mordaunt|authorlink=Morda...' 1582168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beulah Hall Jones''' (pia anajulikana kama Beulah Hall) <ref name="A">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Person/20688-Beulah-HallJones|title=Beulah Hall Jones|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref> alikuwa mwigizaji [[Wamarekani weusi|Mwafrika Mmarekani]] anayejulikana kwa filamu kama vile ''The Realization of a Negro's Ambition'', ''The Trooper of Troop K'', ''Cameo Kirby'', <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Hall|first=Mordaunt|authorlink=Mordaunt Hall|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9507EFDF133EE33ABC4053DFB466838B629EDE|title=Movie Review – THE SCREEN|date=February 8, 1930|accessdate=December 28, 2017|archivedate=December 28, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171828/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9507EFDF133EE33ABC4053DFB466838B629EDE}}</ref> mkurugenzi [[John Ford]] 's ''The Prisoner of Shark Island'' na jukumu lake la mwisho la filamu kama Daisy katika ''Drums Along the Mohawk'', iliyoongozwa na John Ford. <ref name="A" /> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/11/04/archives/the-screen-john-fords-film-of-drums-along-the-mohawk-opens-at-the.html|title=THE SCREEN; John Ford's Film of 'Drums Along the Mohawk' Opens at the Roxy--'One Hour to Live' at the Rialto|author=Nugent, Frank S.|date=November 4, 1939}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] 0b9xvihmbwsy8sklubv1zjebf6g6nap 0 242936 1582174 2026-07-27T17:34:02Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lori White''' ni msomi na msimamizi wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amehudumu kama rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha DePauw huko Greencastle, Indiana, tangu [[2020]]. Hapo awali alikuwa makamu mkuu wa masuala ya wanafunzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko St. Louis . Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza na mtu wa kwanza mweusi kuhudumu kama rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha DePauw. <ref name="Herron">{{Rejea habari}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]' 1582174 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lori White''' ni msomi na msimamizi wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amehudumu kama rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha DePauw huko Greencastle, Indiana, tangu [[2020]]. Hapo awali alikuwa makamu mkuu wa masuala ya wanafunzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko St. Louis . Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza na mtu wa kwanza mweusi kuhudumu kama rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha DePauw. <ref name="Herron">{{Rejea habari}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] o1psvibtmclsuejmdeve56542hy7goa 1582175 1582174 2026-07-27T17:35:55Z Godfavor22 83108 1582175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lori White''' ni msomi na msimamizi wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amehudumu kama rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha DePauw huko Greencastle, Indiana, tangu [[2020]]. Hapo awali alikuwa makamu mkuu wa masuala ya wanafunzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko St. Louis . Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza na mtu wa kwanza mweusi kuhudumu kama rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha DePauw. <ref name="Herron">Herron, Arika. "DePauw University's new president will be the only woman of color leading an Indiana university". ''Indianapolis Star''. Retrieved 3 March 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] i0o36ql3b5crx0hlfgfgcbuc1wg5tk8 0 242937 1582176 2026-07-27T17:40:18Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|name=Punta|asili ya mtindo=[[Garifuna]]|mada nyingine=[[Paranda (Muziki)|Paranda]] [[Punta roki]]}} [[Faili:Músics al pororó 2015 01.JPG|thumb|Wanamuziki wakitumbuiza katika tamasha la pororó kwenye mitaa ya Livingston, Idara ya Izabal, Guatemala, mwezi Desemba 2015]] '''Punta''' ni [[muziki]] wa kitamaduni na [[ngoma]] ya Kiafrika na [[asili]] ya [[watu]] wa Wagarifuna wa Belize, Guatemala, Honduras na Nicaragua. Asili yake ni katika [[kisiwa]] cha Karibiani cha Saint Vincent na Grenadines, kinachojulikana pia kwa jina la Yurumei. Muziki na ngoma hii ina mchanganyiko wa vipengele vya Kiafrika na Waarawak (Arawak), ambavyo pia vinaonekana katika lugha ya Kigarifuna. Punta pia hujulikana kwa majina ya banguity au bunda. == Asili na muktadha wa kihistoria == Katika utamaduni wao, watu hawa hujiita kwa majina Garinagu na Garifuna. Jina Garifuna hutumiwa zaidi kurejelea utamaduni, muziki na ngoma yao kuliko kutambulisha watu wenyewe. Kuna maelezo mbalimbali kuhusu asili ya maana ya [[neno]] punta, ambalo linawakilisha ngoma na muziki wa Wagarifuna. Neno punta linaaminika kuwa ni umbo la [[Kilatini]] la neno la kale la mdundo kutoka [[Afrika Magharibi]] linaloitwa bunda. == Vyombo vya muziki == Katika tamasha la pororó linalofanyika mitaani mjini [[Livingston]], Izabal, Guatemala, [[wanamuziki]] hucheza muziki wa punta kwa kutumia uimbaji wa kuitana na kuitikiana, unaoambatana na vyombo vya [[asili]] vya muziki vya aina mbalimbali, vikiwemo membrafoni, idiofoni na aerofoni . * Membrafoni (membranophones) ni vyombo vinavyotoa sauti kutokana na mtetemo wa [[ngozi]] au utando uliovutwa na kufungwa juu ya uwazi wa chombo. Ngoma zote ni mifano ya vyombo vya aina hii. * Idiofoni (idiophones) ni vyombo vinavyotoa sauti kupitia mtetemo wa [[mwili]] wake wenyewe, bila kutumia utando au [[nyuzi]]. Mifano yake ni marakas , vyombo vya kukwangua na silofoni. * Aerofoni (aerophones) ni vyombo vinavyotoa [[sauti]] kwa mtetemo wa [[hewa]] inayopita ndani yake, kama vile [[filimbi]], [[baragumu]], au gamba la [[konokono]] linalopulizwa.<ref>https://belize.com/garifuna-music-belize/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] 2eobadibhe341lut90ytnmzkw8p3xj9 0 242938 1582177 2026-07-27T17:41:19Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wondress Hutchinson''' ([[20 Juni|Juni 20]], [[1964]] - [[1 Mei|Mei 1]], [[2021]]), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wondress F. Hutchinson Obituary|url=https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/20978118/Wondress-F-Hutchinson/North-Charleston/South-Carolina/Murray-s-Mortuary-Llc|work=Tributearchive.com|publisher=Murray's Mortuary, LLC|accessdate=6 May 2021}}</ref> anayejulikana kama '''Wondress''', alikuwa mwimbaji Muziki wa dansi wa kielektroniki|wa muziki...' 1582177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wondress Hutchinson''' ([[20 Juni|Juni 20]], [[1964]] - [[1 Mei|Mei 1]], [[2021]]), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wondress F. Hutchinson Obituary|url=https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/20978118/Wondress-F-Hutchinson/North-Charleston/South-Carolina/Murray-s-Mortuary-Llc|work=Tributearchive.com|publisher=Murray's Mortuary, LLC|accessdate=6 May 2021}}</ref> anayejulikana kama '''Wondress''', alikuwa mwimbaji [[Muziki wa dansi wa kielektroniki|wa muziki wa densi wa kielektroniki]] wa Marekani na mwimbaji wa muziki wa jazz ambaye alifanya kazi na kundi la zamani la hip hop / electro funk la Mantronix . <ref name="schube">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/wondress-hutchinson-mantronix-obituary/|title=Mantronix Collaborator And Singer Wondress Hutchinson Dies At 56|first=Will|author=Schube|date=May 6, 2021|work=udiscovermusic.com|accessdate=May 18, 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] qxhjfshczrw0qxxoq426r0mz669iu3p 0 242939 1582178 2026-07-27T17:49:00Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kananu Kirimi''' (alizaliwa [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]]. <ref name="herald">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/it-isn-t-only-cinders-who-s-having-a-ball-1.208233|title=It isn't only Cinders who's having a ball|date=27 November 2000|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref>Kirimi alizaliwa [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], kwa baba Mkenya na mama Mskoti. Alisoma katika Shule ya Strathallan huko Perthshire na kisha akachuku...' 1582178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kananu Kirimi''' (alizaliwa [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]]. <ref name="herald">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/it-isn-t-only-cinders-who-s-having-a-ball-1.208233|title=It isn't only Cinders who's having a ball|date=27 November 2000|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref>Kirimi alizaliwa [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], kwa baba Mkenya na mama Mskoti. Alisoma katika Shule ya Strathallan huko Perthshire na kisha akachukua kozi ya miaka mitatu katika Chuo cha Muziki na Sanaa ya Maigizo cha London . <ref name="herald2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/it-isn-t-only-cinders-who-s-having-a-ball-1.208233|title=It isn't only Cinders who's having a ball|date=27 November 2000|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Nairobi]] 6e2ncnxlopoftj9pkmz18kfnnjcqgyj 0 242940 1582179 2026-07-27T17:55:08Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Caroline Robinson Jones''' ([[15 Februari|Februari 15]], [[1942]] - [[28 Juni|Juni 28]], [[2001]]) alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kwanza kuwa watangazaji wenye asili ya Afrika. Caroline Robinson Jones alizaliwa Benton Harbor, Michigan mnamo Februari 15, 1942. <ref name="The New York Times">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Elliott|first=Stuart|title=Caroline Jones, 59, Founder Of Black-Run Ad Companies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/nyregion/caroline-jo...' 1582179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Robinson Jones''' ([[15 Februari|Februari 15]], [[1942]] - [[28 Juni|Juni 28]], [[2001]]) alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wa kwanza kuwa watangazaji wenye asili ya Afrika. Caroline Robinson Jones alizaliwa Benton Harbor, Michigan mnamo Februari 15, 1942. <ref name="The New York Times">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Elliott|first=Stuart|title=Caroline Jones, 59, Founder Of Black-Run Ad Companies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/08/nyregion/caroline-jones-59-founder-of-black-run-ad-companies.html|work=The New York Times|date=8 July 2001|accessdate=October 11, 2013}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan huko [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] na akaendelea kufanya kazi katika mashirika ya utangazaji kama vile J. Walter Thompson na BBDO . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika]] clqlpy7yrpsgwpcx5ojnl8p1efh969m 0 242941 1582183 2026-07-27T18:00:44Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Celetia Martin''', anajulikana pia kama '''Celetia''', ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Celetia amefanya kazi ya kuwaandikia wasanii wengi wakiwemo Eric Bellinger, [[Iggy Azalea]], [[Usher Raymond|Usher]], Jennifer Hudson, [[Janet Jackson]], Fatman Scoop, The Saturdays, Conor Maynard, Wiley, Misha B, Jacob Banks, Dionne Bromfield, Kieran Alleyne, Jermain Jackman na Skepta . <ref name="12one.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www...' 1582183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celetia Martin''', anajulikana pia kama '''Celetia''', ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Celetia amefanya kazi ya kuwaandikia wasanii wengi wakiwemo Eric Bellinger, [[Iggy Azalea]], [[Usher Raymond|Usher]], Jennifer Hudson, [[Janet Jackson]], Fatman Scoop, The Saturdays, Conor Maynard, Wiley, Misha B, Jacob Banks, Dionne Bromfield, Kieran Alleyne, Jermain Jackman na Skepta . <ref name="12one.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.12one.com/celetia-martin/|title=Celetia Martin|work=1 2 One Entertainment|accessdate=30 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130161858/http://www.12one.com/celetia-martin/|archivedate=30 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name="roynet.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.roynet.com/artist/MjkwNzgtYTE2ZTIy|title=Celetia Martin|work=Roynet.com|accessdate=30 January 2019|archivedate=30 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110357/https://www.roynet.com/artist/MjkwNzgtYTE2ZTIy}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Watunzi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] 7xneatpvi61ookmaru9k29vefok1ryv 0 242942 1582184 2026-07-27T18:06:41Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Damu Cherry-Mitchell''' (alizaliwa [[29 Novemba|Novemba 29]], [[1977]], huko [[Tampa, Florida]] ) ni mkimbiaji wa vizuizi kutoka [[Marekani]] . Muda wake bora zaidi binafsi ni sekunde 12.44, alioupata Julai [[2006]] huko [[Lausanne]] . Cherry-Mitchell ameolewa na mwanariadha wa zamani wa Olimpiki [[Dennis Mitchell]] na ana watoto wanne naye. Mmoja wa watoto wake, Malachi, anachezea Savannah Bananas chini ya jina bandia "Flash Tha Kid". <ref>{{Rejea tov...' 1582184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Damu Cherry-Mitchell''' (alizaliwa [[29 Novemba|Novemba 29]], [[1977]], huko [[Tampa, Florida]] ) ni mkimbiaji wa vizuizi kutoka [[Marekani]] . Muda wake bora zaidi binafsi ni sekunde 12.44, alioupata Julai [[2006]] huko [[Lausanne]] . Cherry-Mitchell ameolewa na mwanariadha wa zamani wa Olimpiki [[Dennis Mitchell]] na ana watoto wanne naye. Mmoja wa watoto wake, Malachi, anachezea Savannah Bananas chini ya jina bandia "Flash Tha Kid". <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Flash Tha Kid|url=https://thesavannahbananas.com/cast/flash/|accessdate=2025-07-07|work=Savannah Bananas|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2018 Baseball Roster|url=https://famuathletics.com/sports/baseball/roster/malachi-mitchell/2241|accessdate=2025-07-07|work=FAMU Athletics|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha]] n58b70sfiv7ndgexlijjo8fd5c00mop 0 242943 1582186 2026-07-27T18:31:19Z Mary calist mlay 39270 anzisha makala 1582186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2|jina=Powaqqatsi|picha=Powaqqatsi Definition Still Screenshot.png|maelezo_ya_picha=Bango la maonyesho ya filamu katika sinema|mwongozaji=Godfrey Reggio|muziki=Philip Glass}} '''Powaqqatsi''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya mwaka [[1988 KK|1988]] isiyo na simulizi wala mazungumzo, iliyoongozwa na Godfrey Reggio.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111038/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/powaqqatsi-1970-4</ref> Ni mwendelezo wa filamu ya majaribio ya mwaka [[1982]] iitwayo Koyaanisqatsi, na ni filamu ya pili katika trilojia ya Qatsi, ambayo baadaye ilikamilishwa na filamu ya Naqoyqatsi mwaka [[2002]].<ref>https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1332446721/weekend/</ref> Jina Powaqqatsi ni neno lililobuniwa kutoka [[lugha]] ya Hopi na Godfrey Reggio, likiwa na maana ya mtindo wa [[maisha]] wa unyonyaji au maisha yanayopitia mabadiliko.<ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/59072</ref> Tofauti na Koyaanisqatsi, ambayo ilijikita katika maisha ya kisasa katika nchi zilizoendelea kiviwanda, Powaqqatsi inaangazia zaidi changamoto zinazozikabili nchi zinazoendelea. Filamu hii inaonyesha mgongano kati ya maisha ya [[jadi]] na maisha mapya yaliyoletwa na maendeleo ya [[viwanda]] na [[utandawazi]]. Kama zilivyo filamu nyingine mbili za trilojia ya Qatsi, Powaqqatsi haina mazungumzo. Badala yake hutumia picha na [[muziki]] kuwasilisha ujumbe wake. Muziki wa filamu hii uliandikwa na mtunzi maarufu Philip Glass,<ref>https://philipglass.com/compositions/powaqqatsi/</ref> na ni sehemu muhimu ya simulizi la filamu. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 1988]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] im3birda1k3fnny16uan63bj8adczf0 1582187 1582186 2026-07-27T18:32:04Z Mary calist mlay 39270 1582187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2|jina=Powaqqatsi|picha=Powaqqatsi Definition Still Screenshot.png|maelezo_ya_picha=Bango la maonyesho ya filamu katika sinema|mwongozaji=Godfrey Reggio|muziki=Philip Glass}} '''Powaqqatsi''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya mwaka [[1988 KK|1988]] isiyo na simulizi wala mazungumzo, iliyoongozwa na Godfrey Reggio.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111038/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/powaqqatsi-1970-4</ref> Ni mwendelezo wa filamu ya majaribio ya mwaka [[1982]] iitwayo Koyaanisqatsi, na ni filamu ya pili katika trilojia ya Qatsi, ambayo baadaye ilikamilishwa na filamu ya Naqoyqatsi mwaka [[2002]].<ref>https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1332446721/weekend/</ref> Jina Powaqqatsi ni neno lililobuniwa kutoka [[lugha]] ya Hopi na Godfrey Reggio, likiwa na maana ya mtindo wa [[maisha]] wa unyonyaji au maisha yanayopitia mabadiliko.<ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/59072</ref> Tofauti na Koyaanisqatsi, ambayo ilijikita katika maisha ya kisasa katika nchi zilizoendelea kiviwanda, Powaqqatsi inaangazia zaidi changamoto zinazozikabili nchi zinazoendelea. Filamu hii inaonyesha mgongano kati ya maisha ya [[jadi]] na maisha mapya yaliyoletwa na maendeleo ya [[viwanda]] na [[utandawazi]]. Kama zilivyo filamu nyingine mbili za trilojia ya Qatsi, Powaqqatsi haina mazungumzo. Badala yake hutumia picha na [[muziki]] kuwasilisha ujumbe wake. Muziki wa filamu hii uliandikwa na mtunzi maarufu Philip Glass,<ref>https://philipglass.com/compositions/powaqqatsi/</ref> na ni sehemu muhimu ya simulizi la filamu. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za 1988]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] {{Mbegu-filamu}} <references /> abs0u11cophgnh6w1ogljiasw1azz93 0 242944 1582196 2026-07-27T19:24:44Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kili-Wiki Digital Club]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Kili-Wiki Digital Club]]: Ni kama user group 1582196 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Kili-Wiki Digital Club]] s5xkw2dwnsdf9taxzea2wrh5gs1oyej 0 242945 1582205 2026-07-27T20:38:57Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lugha za Kigur''', pia zinazojulikana kama '''Kigur cha Kati''' au '''Mabia''', ni kundi linalounda familia ya [[Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo|Lugha za Niger-Congo]]. Zinazungumzwa katika maeneo ya [[Sahel]] na [[savana]] ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], yaani: katika maeneo mengi ya [[Burkina Faso]], kusini-kati mwa [[Mali]], kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Pembe ya Afrika|Pwani ya Pembe]], nusu za kaskazini za [[Ghana]] na [[Togo]], kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Benin]], n...' 1582205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lugha za Kigur''', pia zinazojulikana kama '''Kigur cha Kati''' au '''Mabia''', ni kundi linalounda familia ya [[Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo|Lugha za Niger-Congo]]. Zinazungumzwa katika maeneo ya [[Sahel]] na [[savana]] ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], yaani: katika maeneo mengi ya [[Burkina Faso]], kusini-kati mwa [[Mali]], kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Pembe ya Afrika|Pwani ya Pembe]], nusu za kaskazini za [[Ghana]] na [[Togo]], kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Benin]], na kusini-magharibi mwa [[Niger]]. Lugha chache za Kigur zinazungumzwa nchini [[Nigeria]]. Zaidi ya hayo, lugha moja pekee ya Kigur, [[Kibaatonum]], inayozungumzwa nchini Benin na kaskazini-magharibi kabisa mwa Nigeria. Lugha nyingine tatu pekee za Kigur, [[Kitusya]], [[Kivyemo]] na [[Kitiefo]], zinazungumzwa nchini Burkina Faso. Lugha nyingine ya Kigur isiyoainishwa, [[Kimiyobe]], inayozungumzwa nchini Benin na Togo. Mbali na hayo, [[Kikulango]], [[Kiloma (Gur)|Kiloma]] na [[Kilorhon]], zinazungumzwa nchini Ghana, Pwani ya Pembe na Burkina Faso. Pia, wasemaji wachache wa [[Kimossi]] wanapatikana nchini [[Senegal]], na wasemaji wa [[Kidagaare]] wanapatikana pia nchini [[Kamerun]]. [[Lugha za Kasena|Lugha za Samu]] za Burkina Faso nazo ni lugha za Kigur. == Sifa za kitipolojia == Kama zilivyo lugha nyingi za Niger-Congo, babu wa lugha za Kigur pengine alikuwa na mfumo wa [[ngeli za nomino]]; lugha nyingi za leo zimepunguza mfumo huu kuwa wa jinsia za kisarufi au mtiririko wa mabadiliko ya maneno, au hazina tena mfumo wa ngeli.<ref>Manessy (1968/71), Naden (1989)</ref> Sifa ya pamoja ya lugha za Kigur ni uwekaji wa alama za urejesho wa kitendo. Karibu lugha zote za Kigur ni lugha za sauti/toni, huku [[Kikoromfé]] ikiwa tofauti ya kipekee. Mifumo ya toni katika lugha za Kigur inatofautiana sana. Lugha nyingi za Kigur zimeelezwa kufuata mfano wa mfumo wa sauti mbili zenye mteremko wa toni, lakini lugha za tawi la Oti-Volta na nyinginezo zina toni tatu za kifonimiki. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-lugha}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dagbani}} [[Jamii:Lugha za Ghana]] aqpa7gm9mny4ljvxg7ttvaun8mma7gr 1582207 1582205 2026-07-27T20:43:25Z Muddyb 379 1582207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gur languages.png|thumb|right|350px|Ramani ya usambazaji wa lugha za '''Kiguri'''. Lugha hizi zinazungumzwa hasa nchini Burkina Faso, kaskazini mwa Ghana, kaskazini mwa Togo na Benin, kusini mwa Mali, kusini-magharibi mwa Niger, na maeneo madogo ya kaskazini mwa Côte d'Ivoire.]] '''Lugha za Kigur''', pia zinazojulikana kama '''Kigur cha Kati''' au '''Mabia''', ni kundi linalounda familia ya [[Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo|Lugha za Niger-Congo]]. Zinazungumzwa katika maeneo ya [[Sahel]] na [[savana]] ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], yaani: katika maeneo mengi ya [[Burkina Faso]], kusini-kati mwa [[Mali]], kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Pembe ya Afrika|Pwani ya Pembe]], nusu za kaskazini za [[Ghana]] na [[Togo]], kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Benin]], na kusini-magharibi mwa [[Niger]]. Lugha chache za Kigur zinazungumzwa nchini [[Nigeria]]. Zaidi ya hayo, lugha moja pekee ya Kigur, [[Kibaatonum]], inayozungumzwa nchini Benin na kaskazini-magharibi kabisa mwa Nigeria. Lugha nyingine tatu pekee za Kigur, [[Kitusya]], [[Kivyemo]] na [[Kitiefo]], zinazungumzwa nchini Burkina Faso. Lugha nyingine ya Kigur isiyoainishwa, [[Kimiyobe]], inayozungumzwa nchini Benin na Togo. Mbali na hayo, [[Kikulango]], [[Kiloma (Gur)|Kiloma]] na [[Kilorhon]], zinazungumzwa nchini Ghana, Pwani ya Pembe na Burkina Faso. Pia, wasemaji wachache wa [[Kimossi]] wanapatikana nchini [[Senegal]], na wasemaji wa [[Kidagaare]] wanapatikana pia nchini [[Kamerun]]. [[Lugha za Kasena|Lugha za Samu]] za Burkina Faso nazo ni lugha za Kigur. == Sifa za kitipolojia == Kama zilivyo lugha nyingi za Niger-Congo, babu wa lugha za Kigur pengine alikuwa na mfumo wa [[ngeli za nomino]]; lugha nyingi za leo zimepunguza mfumo huu kuwa wa jinsia za kisarufi au mtiririko wa mabadiliko ya maneno, au hazina tena mfumo wa ngeli.<ref>Manessy (1968/71), Naden (1989)</ref> Sifa ya pamoja ya lugha za Kigur ni uwekaji wa alama za urejesho wa kitendo. Karibu lugha zote za Kigur ni lugha za sauti/toni, huku [[Kikoromfé]] ikiwa tofauti ya kipekee. Mifumo ya toni katika lugha za Kigur inatofautiana sana. Lugha nyingi za Kigur zimeelezwa kufuata mfano wa mfumo wa sauti mbili zenye mteremko wa toni, lakini lugha za tawi la Oti-Volta na nyinginezo zina toni tatu za kifonimiki. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-lugha}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dagbani}} [[Jamii:Lugha za Ghana]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Benin]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Kodivaa]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Mali]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Niger]] [[Jamii:Lugha za Togo]] jpq46zc03bhl19a74gywhxql5rk1z2o 0 242946 1582231 2026-07-28T09:04:48Z Eibrahim77 68081 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alexis Chikaeze''' ni mwigizaji kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika filamu ''Miss Juneteenth'' na anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa tamthilia ya televisheni ya ''All American''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Claudio |first1=Ericka |title="Miss Juneteenth" Actress Alexis Chikaeze on Juneteenth, Beauty Standards, and Black History |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/miss-juneteenth-actress-alexis-chikaeze |work=...' 1582231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexis Chikaeze''' ni mwigizaji kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika filamu ''Miss Juneteenth'' na anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa tamthilia ya televisheni ya ''All American''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Claudio |first1=Ericka |title="Miss Juneteenth" Actress Alexis Chikaeze on Juneteenth, Beauty Standards, and Black History |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/miss-juneteenth-actress-alexis-chikaeze |work=Teen Vogue |date=19 June 2020}}</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 76git9nva708vnqxrki43pws28jjszk 3 242947 1582233 2026-07-28T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582233 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) 1xfy50f4udo1ot3qbuoa0n8edelaijt 3 242948 1582234 2026-07-28T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582234 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) 1xfy50f4udo1ot3qbuoa0n8edelaijt 3 242949 1582235 2026-07-28T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582235 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) 1xfy50f4udo1ot3qbuoa0n8edelaijt 3 242950 1582236 2026-07-28T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582236 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) 1xfy50f4udo1ot3qbuoa0n8edelaijt 3 242951 1582237 2026-07-28T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582237 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) sntt73lmj48ohai20mjpgo9avdiwvug 3 242952 1582238 2026-07-28T09:49:16Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582238 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) sntt73lmj48ohai20mjpgo9avdiwvug 3 242953 1582239 2026-07-28T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582239 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 28 Julai 2026 (UTC) sntt73lmj48ohai20mjpgo9avdiwvug 0 242954 1582241 2026-07-28T09:53:39Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities]]: Hii si makala bali mradi. Hivyo inapaswa kuwa katika ukurasa wa mradi. 1582241 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities]] 1biwji53i4tyjylq2le13oj3lrbn9k3 0 242955 1582243 2026-07-28T09:54:45Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] hadi [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]]: Hii si makala bali mradi. Hivyo inapaswa kuwa katika ukurasa wa mradi. 1582243 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] 5tne0m7hr7ietqwpc8871i5dv9t2kxe 1 242956 1582245 2026-07-28T09:54:45Z Muddyb 379 Muddyb alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]]: Hii si makala bali mradi. Hivyo inapaswa kuwa katika ukurasa wa mradi. 1582245 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] 0f8f8f79akejzsafnkn838ercdsly8c 0 242957 1582251 2026-07-28T11:43:37Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Faye Richmonde''' (alizaliwa '''Mabel Smith''', baadaye '''Faye Richmonde Taylor''' ; Februari 21, 1917 &#x2013; Machi 23, 1959) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Night club|klabu ya usiku]] ya Marekani, aliyejulikana kwa rekodi zake za [[Sexual suggestiveness|risqué]] katika miaka ya [[1950]].Alizaliwa [[Carolina Kaskazini|North Carolina]], binti wa Joseph na Jessie Smith, lakini alihamia na wazazi wake hadi Homestead, Pennsylvania akiwa mtoto. <ref>{{Cite web|ti...' 1582251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faye Richmonde''' (alizaliwa '''Mabel Smith''', baadaye '''Faye Richmonde Taylor''' ; Februari 21, 1917 &#x2013; Machi 23, 1959) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Night club|klabu ya usiku]] ya Marekani, aliyejulikana kwa rekodi zake za [[Sexual suggestiveness|risqué]] katika miaka ya [[1950]].Alizaliwa [[Carolina Kaskazini|North Carolina]], binti wa Joseph na Jessie Smith, lakini alihamia na wazazi wake hadi Homestead, Pennsylvania akiwa mtoto. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Join Ancestry|url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/offers/join?dbid=6224&gsfn&gsln&h=48139616&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.co.uk%2Fsearch%2Fcollections%2F6224%2Frecords%2F48139616|work=www.ancestry.co.uk|accessdate=2026-07-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] to9xgxveq5vdj0n8ywv2d3d6u77ny2w 0 242958 1582253 2026-07-28T11:55:24Z Ester Gasper Kimario 70787 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[picha:Bagasy musicians madagascar valiha guitar.jpg|thumb|music of Madagascar]] '''Muziki wa Madagascar''' ni [[muziki]] wa kipekee na wenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[tamaduni]] mbalimbali. Umeathiriwa na mila za muziki kutoka [[Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki]], [[Afrika]], [[Oceania]], [[Uarabuni]] na nchi za [[Ulaya]] kama [[Ureno]], Uingereza na Ufaransa, pamoja na Marekani. Mchanganyiko huu umetokana na watu wa asili, wahamiaji na wakoloni walioishi katika...' 1582253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Bagasy musicians madagascar valiha guitar.jpg|thumb|music of Madagascar]] '''Muziki wa Madagascar''' ni [[muziki]] wa kipekee na wenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[tamaduni]] mbalimbali. Umeathiriwa na mila za muziki kutoka [[Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki]], [[Afrika]], [[Oceania]], [[Uarabuni]] na nchi za [[Ulaya]] kama [[Ureno]], Uingereza na Ufaransa, pamoja na Marekani. Mchanganyiko huu umetokana na watu wa asili, wahamiaji na wakoloni walioishi katika kisiwa hicho kwa nyakati tofauti. Kwa ujumla, muziki wa [[Madagaska]] hugawanywa katika makundi matatu: muziki wa jadi, muziki wa kisasa na muziki maarufu. Kila eneo lina mtindo wake wa muziki unaoakisi historia na utamaduni wa jamii husika. Kwa mfano, watu wa Merina wanaojulikana kuishi maeneo ya nyanda za juu hutumia sana chombo cha valiha na huimba kwa sauti tulivu, ilhali jamii ya Bara kusini mwa nchi ina utamaduni wa kuimba bila ala unaofanana na mitindo ya uimbaji inayopatikana Kusini mwa Afrika. Kadiri muda ulivyopita, vyombo vya kigeni kama gitaa la akustiki na piano vilibadilishwa ili kuendana na utamaduni wa Madagascar. Hali hiyo ilisababisha kuibuka kwa mitindo ya kisasa kama salegy na tsapika, ambayo hutumia pia gitaa la umeme, besi, ngoma na kinanda. Aidha, mitindo ya muziki wa Magharibi kama rock, gospel, jazz, reggae na hip-hop imeendelea kupata umaarufu nchini humo. Mbali na burudani, muziki nchini Madagascar una nafasi muhimu katika maisha ya jamii. Hutumika katika ibada za kiroho, sherehe za kitamaduni, hafla mbalimbali na hata shughuli za kisiasa. Kwa hiyo, muziki si njia ya kuburudisha pekee, bali pia ni sehemu muhimu ya kuhifadhi na kuendeleza utamaduni wa watu wa Madagaska.<ref name="Blench, R. 1982 pp. 81-93">{{Cite journal |last=Blench |first=Roger |year=1982 |title=Evidence for the Indonesian origins of certain elements of African culture |journal=African Music |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=81–93 |doi=10.21504/amj.v6i2.1118 |jstor=30249759 |doi-access=}}</ref><ref name="Anderson, I. 2000 pp. 523">{{Citation|last=Anderson|first=Ian|title=The Rough Guide to World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|pages=523–532|year=2000|chapter=Ocean Music from Southeast Africa|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-551-5|access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="Emoff, R. 2002">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unlmyidJNHcC|title=Recollecting from the Past: Musical Practice and Spirit Possession on the East Coast of Madagascar|last=Emoff|first=Ron|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8195-6500-6}}</ref><ref name="Conservatoire">{{Citation|last=Conservatoire national de musique et de déclamation|title=Encyclopédie de la musique et dictionnaire du Conservatoire|pages=3214–3223|year=1922|contribution=Madagascar|publisher=C. Delagrave}}</ref><ref name="Randrianary">{{Cite book|title=Madagascar: les chants d'une île|last=Randrianary|first=Victor|publisher=Actes Sud|year=2001|isbn=978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}}{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] 9wutmdbap052ds7zibu6sq1r7ofo82o 0 242959 1582254 2026-07-28T11:57:06Z Mary calist mlay 39270 anzisha makala 1582254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Somalia''' (Kisomali: ''Muusiga Soomaaliya'') ni [[muziki]] unaofuata mitindo, mbinu na [[sauti]] za jadi na za kisasa za watu wa [[Somalia]]. Muziki huu ni sehemu muhimu ya urithi wa kitamaduni wa Wasomali na unaakisi historia, mila, lugha na utambulisho wao. == Muhtasari == [[Faili:Oudplyrsomhd3.png|thumb|Mpiga ala ya oud wa Kisomali, Nuruddin Ali Amaan]] Watu wa Somalia wana [[urithi]] mkubwa wa muziki unaojikita katika ngano na mila za jadi za Wasomali. [[Nyimbo]] za Wasomali hutumia ngazi ya sauti ya pentatoniki'''ngazi ya sauti ya pentatoniki''', yaani mfumo wa muziki unaotumia sauti tano pekee ndani ya oktava moja, tofauti na '''ngazi ya sauti ya heptatoniki''', ambayo hutumia sauti saba kama ilivyo katika mfumo wa kaki wa magharibi (''major scale'').<ref>https://somali-music.com/</ref> Kwa msikilizaji wa mara ya kwanza, muziki wa Kisomali unaweza kufanana na muziki wa maeneo jirani[[Ethiopia]]<nowiki/>le[[Sudan]]<nowiki/>aoro[[Rasi ya Uarabuni]]<nowiki/>ia, Sudan au Rasi ya Uarabuni. Hata hivyo, muziki wa Kisomali unatambulika kwa urahisi kutokana na melodia na mitindo yake ya kipekee.<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=n4HGVGEEVRcC&pg=PA223&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Kwa kawaida, nyimbo za Kisomali hutokana na ushirikiantunzi wa mashairi (''e''), mtunzi wa wimbaji (''odka'', yaani "sauti"). Katika lugha ya Kiso[[Ngoma (ala)|ngoma]] neno ciyaar humaanisha ngoma au uchezaji wa ngoma.<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=NEbASn8qayUC&dq=balwo&pg=PR12&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Somalia]] mbaq6ugct6sv12kuiddcm6hf0nhohde 1582255 1582254 2026-07-28T11:57:56Z Mary calist mlay 39270 1582255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Somalia''' (Kisomali: ''Muusiga Soomaaliya'') ni [[muziki]] unaofuata mitindo, mbinu na [[sauti]] za jadi na za kisasa za watu wa [[Somalia]]. Muziki huu ni sehemu muhimu ya urithi wa kitamaduni wa Wasomali na unaakisi historia, mila, lugha na utambulisho wao. == Muhtasari == [[Faili:Oudplyrsomhd3.png|thumb|Mpiga ala ya oud wa Kisomali, Nuruddin Ali Amaan]] Watu wa Somalia wana [[urithi]] mkubwa wa muziki unaojikita katika ngano na mila za jadi za Wasomali. [[Nyimbo]] za Wasomali hutumia ngazi ya sauti ya pentatoniki'''ngazi ya sauti ya pentatoniki''', yaani mfumo wa muziki unaotumia sauti tano pekee ndani ya oktava moja, tofauti na '''ngazi ya sauti ya heptatoniki''', ambayo hutumia sauti saba kama ilivyo katika mfumo wa kaki wa magharibi (''major scale'').<ref>https://somali-music.com/</ref> Kwa msikilizaji wa mara ya kwanza, muziki wa Kisomali unaweza kufanana na muziki wa maeneo jirani[[Ethiopia]]<nowiki/>le[[Sudan]]<nowiki/>aoro[[Rasi ya Uarabuni]]<nowiki/>ia, Sudan au Rasi ya Uarabuni. Hata hivyo, muziki wa Kisomali unatambulika kwa urahisi kutokana na melodia na mitindo yake ya kipekee.<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=n4HGVGEEVRcC&pg=PA223&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Kwa kawaida, nyimbo za Kisomali hutokana na ushirikiantunzi wa mashairi (''e''), mtunzi wa wimbaji (''odka'', yaani "sauti"). Katika lugha ya Kiso[[Ngoma (ala)|ngoma]] neno ciyaar humaanisha ngoma au uchezaji wa ngoma.<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=NEbASn8qayUC&dq=balwo&pg=PR12&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Somalia]] <references />{{Mbegu-muziki-Afrika}} dxr9d5gatxpgf31vm11ixbcex38yar5