Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2694 1582261 1511519 2026-07-28T13:16:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:AF-kindergarten.jpg|thumb|Darasa la [[chekechea]] nchini [[Afghanistan]].]] [[Picha:Inukshuk Monterrey 1.jpg|thumb|Darasa la shule ya msingi [[Meksiko]].]] [[Picha:5th Floor Lecture Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Darasa la chuoni [[New York City]].]] [[Picha:Class motivation Hill Farm primary school nyeri.jpg|thumb|Mwalimu akifundisha shule ya msingi ]] '''Elimu''' kwa [[maana]] pana ni [[tendo]] au uzoefu wenye [[athari]] ya kujenga [[akili]], [[tabia]] ama [[uwezo]] wa kimaumbile wa mtu binafsi. Katika [[dhana]] ya ki[[ufundi]], elimu ni [[njia]] ambayo hutumiwa ma[[kusudi]] na jamii kupitisha [[maarifa]], [[ujuzi]] na [[maadili]] kutoka kwa [[kizazi]] kimoja hadi kingine. [[Walimu]] katika [[taasisi]] za elimu huratibisha elimu ya [[wanafunzi]] wao kupitia masomo kama vile ya kuandika, kusoma, kuhesabu ([[hisabati]]), [[sayansi]] na [[historia]]. [[Mbinu]] hii wakati mwingine huitwa masomo haswa tunaporejelea [[somo]] la aina fulani, kwa kawaida mbinu hii hutumiwa na ma[[profesa]] katika taasisi za masomo ya juu. Kuna [[elimu maalumu]] kwa wale wanaohitaji ujuzi wa kitaaluma, kama vile wanaohitaji kuwa [[rubani|marubani]]. Juu ya hayo, kuna nafasi nyingi za elimu katika viwango vingine visivyo rasmi kama vile [[Makumbusho|majumba ya ukumbusho]], [[maktaba]] pamoja na [[mtandao]] na [[tajriba]] za [[maisha]]. [[File:Distributed Intelligent Systems Department laboratory.jpg|thumb|Wanachuo katika maabara, [[Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University]], [[Urusi]]]] [[Haki ya kusoma]] imeweza kuelezwa kuwa [[haki ya msingi ya binadamu]] katika [[kifungu]] cha pili cha [[itifaki]] ya kwanza ya maagano ya [[haki za binadamu]] barani [[Ulaya]] kuanzia mwaka wa [[1952]] ambapo wanachama wote wanashurutishwa kuhakikisha [[elimu kwa wote]]. Katika kiwango cha kimataifa, Mapatano ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya haki za [[Uchumi|kiuchumi]], za [[Jamii|kijamii]] na za [[Utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] katika mwaka wa [[1966]] yanahakikisha haki hii katika kifungu cha 13. == Mifumo ya elimu rasmi == Elimu ni dhana inayorejelea namna ambayo wanafunzi wanaweza kujifunza kitu: * ''Mwongozo'' hurejelea urahisishaji wa somo na hulenga kutambua shabaha zilizobuniwa na mwalimu au mbinu zingine za kufunza. * ''Kufunza'' hurejelea matendo halisi ya mwalimu yanayonuia kupasha elimu kwa wanafunzi. * ''Kujifunza'' hurejelea masomo yenye mtazamo unaolenga kuwapa wanafunzi elimu, ujuzi na uwezo unaoweza kutumika punde tu wakamilishapo kipindi cha masomo. == Elimu ya msingi == [[Picha:Teaching Bucharest 1842.jpg|thumb|right|Shule ya msingi ya wazi. Mwalimu (kuhani) na darasa nje ya jiji la [[Bukarest]], mwaka [[1842]].]] Masomo ya msingi huchukua kati ya miaka 5-7 ya kwanza ya elimu rasmi. Kwa jumla elimu ya juu hujumulisha miaka 6-8 ya masomo kuanzia mwaka wa tano au sita, lakini hutofautiana baina na kati ya nchi. Asilimia 70 ya watoto waliotimu umri wa kujiunga na shule hujiandikisha katika masomo ya msingi kote ulimwenguni na viwango hivi vinaongezeka.<ref>UNESCO, elimu kwa wote Ufuatiliaji Report 2008, Net Enrollment Rate katika elimu ya msingi</ref> Chini ya Elimu kwa mipango yote inaendeshwa na [[UNESCO]], nchi nyingi wana nia ya kufanikisha zima uandikishaji katika elimu ya msingi ifikapo mwaka 2015, na katika nchi nyingi, ni lazima kwa watoto kupata elimu ya msingi.Chini ya mpango wa elimu kwa wote ulioanzishwa na Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na utamaduni la Umoja Wa Mataifa (UNESCO), nchi nyingi zimejitolea. == Elimu ya sekondari (shule za upili) == [[File:Iraqi schoolgirls.jpg|thumb|right|220 px|Wasichana katika shule ya sekondari huko [[Iraq]].]] Katika mifumo ya kisasa ya elimu ulimwenguni, elimu ya shule za upili au sekondari huchukua kipindi cha pili cha elimu rasmi ambayo hutokea wakati wa ujana wa wanafunzi. Mfumo huu hutofautian na masomo ya msingi ambayo ni ya lazima, ni ya jumla na yanayofanana. Yale ya shule za upili ni teule na ya hiari. Shule hizi hujulikana kama sekondari, shule za upili, shule za kati, vyuo au shule za ujuzi wa kitaalamu kulingana na kipindi au mfumo unaofuatwa. Maana ya dhana hizi hutofautiana kutoka mfumo mmoja hadi mwingine. Mpaka kamili kati ya elimu ya msingi na ya upili hutofautiana kutoka nchi moja hadi nyingine. Tofauti hizi zipo hata katika nchi lakini kwa kijumla hutokea kati ya mwaka wa saba na wa kumi wa kusoma. Elimu ya sekondari hutokea katika umri wa ujana. Nchini [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]] elimu ya msingi na sekondari kwa pamoja hurejelewa kama elimu ya [[K-12]] na katika nchini ya [[Nyuzilandi]], elimu hii hurejelewa kama elimu ya miaka 1-13. Azma ya elimu ya sekondari ni kutoa maarifa ya kawaida, kutayarisha wanafunzi kwa elimu ya juu au kuwafunza watu kazi moja kwa moja. Elimu ya sekondari iliibuka nchini Marekani mwaka wa 1910 na ilisababishwa na kuwepo kwa biashara kubwa na maendeleo ya kiteknolojia viwandani. Ili kuafikia mahitaji ya kazi, shule za upili zilijengwa na mtaala uliolenga maarifa ya kazi za ofisi na za sulubu ukazinduliwa. Hii ilibainika kuwa njia ya manufaa kwa mwajiri kwani uimarishaji wa huduma za kibinadamu uliwafanya waajiriwa kuwa madhubuti kazini na kushusha gharama kwa waajiri huku waajiriwa wakinufaika na mishahara minono ikilinganishwa na waliokuwa na elimu ya msingi pekee. Barani Ulaya, shule za sarufi au akademia zilikuwepo hata katika miaka ya 1500. Shule za umma au zile za kulipa karo au hata shule za ufadhili na wakfu zina historia ndefu zaidi. Tunapaswa [[jitihada|kujitahidi]] katika kuhamasisha elimu ya [[sekondari]] kwani huwezesha kufikia [[chuo kikuu]]. == Elimu ya juu == [[Picha:ClareCollegeAndKingsChapel.jpg|right|thumb|[[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]] ni taasisi ya elimu ya juu.]] [[Elimu ya juu]], yaani ile ya baada ya [[shule ya upili]] au elimu ya awamu ya tatu, si ya lazima. Elimu hii kwa kawaida hujumulisha viwango vya [[shahada]] pamoja na elimu ya ujuzi wa kitaalamu. Kwa jumla elimu ya juu hutolewa na [[vyuo]] na [[vyuo vikuu]] na huambatana na kutolewa kwa vyeti, [[stashahada]] za [[diploma]] na [[shahada]] za [[digrii]] kitaaluma. Masomo ya juu hujumuisha elimu, utafiti na huduma za jamii na katika uwanja wa elimu, hujumulisha viwango vya shahada ya kwanza na nyingine za juu. Elimu ya juu aghalabu huhusu kufuzu katika kiwango cha shahada ya kwanza, ya [[uzamili]] na ya [[uzamifu]]. Idadi kubwa ya watu katika nchi zilizoendelea (hadi kufikia asilimia 50) wameweza kupata elimu ya juu wakati fulani maishani mwao. Kwa hiyo, elimu ya juu ni muhimu kwa uchumi wa taifa, ni kiwanda cha pekee ambacho huzalisha wafanyakazi walioelimika. Katika [[nchi maskini]] serikali zinatakiwa kuongeza mikopo kwa wanafunzi wa vyuoni ili waweze kupata elimu hiyo na kusonga mbele, kwa kuwa elimu ni [[ufunguo]] wa [[maisha]]. == Elimu ya watu wazima == Elimu ya ngumbaru au ya watu wazima imekuwa kawaida katika nchi nyingi. Elimu hii huchukua maumbo mengi yakiwemo elimu rasmi darasani, elimu ya binafsi na [[masomo ya mtandao]]. Idadi fulani ya kozi za kazi maalum kama vile [[elimu ya mifugo]], masuala ya [[madawa]], [[uwekezaji]], [[uhasibu]] na kozi nyinginezo kwa sasa hupatikana mtandaoni. == Elimu mbadala == [[Elimu mbadala]], ambayo pia hujulikana kama ''elimu isiyo rasmi'', ni dhana yenye maana pana na inayoweza kutumiwa kurejelea aina zote za elimu zilizo nje ya elimu ya kawaida (kwa watu wote na viwango vyote vya elimu). Hujumuisha si tu mitindo ya elimu inayokusudiwa wanafunzi wenye mahitaji ya pekee lakini pia mitindo inayolenga hadhira ya jumla na kutumia mitindo na [[falsafa ya elimu|falsafa badala ya elimu]]. Elimu mbadala mara nyingi huwa matokeo ya mabadiliko katika elimu yaliyotokea katika misingi mbalimbali ya [[falsafa]] ambayo kwa kawaida ni tofauti na elimu ya jadi ya lazima. Mabadiliko mengine yana misingi ya kisasa, kiutafiti au kifalsafa, ilhali mengine ni miungano isiyo rasmi kati ya walimu na wanafunzi wasioridhika na masuala fulani ya elimu hiyo ya jadi. Elimu mbadala hii ambayo ni pamoja na shule za tabia, shule badala, shule zinazojitegemea na [[masomo ya nyumbani]] hutofautiana pakubwa, lakini zote hutilia maanani umuhimu wa [[idadi]] ndogo ya wanafunzi darasani na mahusiano ya karibu kati ya [[wanafunzi]] na [[walimu]]. Vilevile husababisha hali ya umoja. == Elimu ya asili == Kuongezwa kwa ruwaza za elimu ya asili (mbinu na maudhui yake) ndani ya elimu badala katika eneo la mfumo wa elimu rasmi na elimu isiyo rasmi kumewakilisha kipengele muhimu kilichochangia ufanisi wa mfumo wa elimu asili kwa wanajamii asili walioamua kufuata njia hii; hii ikiwa ni pamoja na wanafunzi na walimu. Kuingizwa kwa mbinu za asili kama vile kujua, kusoma, kuelekeza, kufunza na kusoma kama njia nzuri ya kuhakikisha kuwa wanafunzi/wanagenzi na walimu/waelekezi wanaweza kufaidika kutokana na elimu kwa njia ya kiasili iliyokuza, kutumia na kuendeleaza uhamasishaji wa tamaduni za kiasili.<ref> Se Merriam et al. ''Kujifunza kwa watu wazima: A Comprehensive Guide'' (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007). Sharan Miriam, Rosemary Caffarella na Lisa Baumgartner wameandika kuwa tunahitaji kuangalia kwa karibu ndani ya mipaka yetu wenyewe, wenyeji wa marekani kwa mfano….. ili kupata mifumo haswa ya fikra na imani zikiwa ndani ya thamani za tamaduni tofauti na mifumo ya epistemilojia ambayo inaweza kutumiwa kupanua uelewa wetu juu ya elimu ya ngumbaru.(uk 218). Merriam wanaendelea kueleza kuwa, azma nyingine ya kupata ufahamu juu ya mifumo mingine ya maarifa, ni faida ambayo maarifa yatakuwa nayo kuathiri utendakazi wetu na wanafunzi walio na mtizamo tofauti isipokuwa ile ya kimagharibi. Antone na Gamlin (2004) kwa mfano wanatoa sababu kuwa programu za kujua kusoma na kuandika za watu asili lazima ziwe zaidi ya kusoma, kuhesabu na kuandika ambako hulenga kufikia ajira kuu' (uk 26). Kwa hakika elimu halisi inahusu kuhifadhi mtazamo maalum na kudumisha tamaduni tofauti na za lazima. Kujua kusoma na kuandika kunahusu kuashiria tena na kutafsiri tena uzoefu uliopita, na kwa wakati huo kuheshimu maadili ya jadi. Uwezo wa kusoma na kuandika kuhusu “kuishi” maadili haya kwa wakati wa sasa. Uwezo huu wa kusoma na wa kuandika unahusu kuwa na maono ya siku za usoni. Asili ya uwezo wa kusoma na kuandika itakuzwa na kupata maelezo katika yote yanayofanywa. Hivyo, programu za asili ya kuweza kusoma na kuandika zinafaa kulenga mtazamo pana unaotambua njia za kipekee ambazo watu asili huwakilisha uzoefu na maarifa yao.(uk 26). Mara kwa mara Merriam na wenzake pia hurejelea mahitaji haya ya “Kutanua uelewa wa elimu ya ngumbaru” kwa kupitia enzi ya utamaduni nyeti nadharia zinazohusiana na mwingiliano wa ndani kati ya masomo na muktadha wa jamii. Kwa kawaida hutazamwa kwa muktadha wa maadili yanayotofautiana, imani, uzoefu, taswira na mazingira yanayowiana na njia za kale na mbinu asili pamoja na fikra za kibinafsi na za kijumla. Kwa mfano katika majadiliano yao, majaribio ya kusoma, waandishi wanatoa maoni kuwa, katika kukubali ujuzi na masomo kutoka kwa uzoefu kama tukio la kitamaduni, taswira … na wasomi wa kisasa huwa muhimu. Kati ya matokeo ya fikra muhimu kuhusu utambuzi kutoka kwa mwegemeo wa utamaduni ni uhakiki ambao umeendelezwa kuhusu nadharia ya elimu ya kale na uzoefu … Muhimu kati ya hizi changanuzi ni changamoto kwa fikra asili kuwa kusoma ni jambo linalofanyika ndani ya mtu binafsi. Kwa hakika, kusoma hujumuisha maingiliano ya wanafunzi na mazingira ya jamii wanamokulia.(uk 180). </ref> Kwa wanafunzi au wagenzi na walimu au waelekezi, kuwekwa pamoja kwa mbinu hizi mara nyingi huongeza fanaka, matarajio na matokeo ya elimu. Hili huafikiwa kwa kutoa elimu inayooana na taswira zao za asili, mazoea na mitiazamo yao ya ulimwengu. Kwa wanafunzi na walimu wasio wa asili, elimu ya aina hii ina athari ya kuongeza ufahamu wa tamaduni zao za kibinafsi na mazoea ya jumla ya umma na watu wanaowazunguka, hivyo basi kukuza heshima na kuthamini tamaduni za wanajamii hizo. Katika elimu na mafunzo, kujumuishwa kwa maarifa ya kiasili, tamaduni, maono, mitazamo na dhana katika mitaala, vifaa vya kuelekeza na vitabu vya kozi vina athari kubwa kama ile ya kujumuisha mbinu za asili katika elimu ambayo hunufaisha walimu na wanafunzi katika usambamba wa masomo, kufaulu na matokeo ya masomo hayo. Ambayo hunufaisha walimu na wanafunzi katika usambamba wa masomo, kufaulu na matokeo ya masomo hayo. Walimu na wanafunzi wa kisasa wana heshima, hamasa na maridhio kwa jamii na watu wa kienyeji kutokana na elimu husishi wanayopata.<ref>^Tazama kwa ujumla R.A Malatest na wenzake . ''Best Practices katika Kuongeza Aboriginal Post-sekondari Enrollment Rates'' (Kanada: Baraza la Mawaziri wa Elimu, Kanada, 2002) na Dr Pamela Toulouse, ''Kusaidia Aboriginal Student Success: Self-Esteem na Identity, A Hai Mafundisho strategin'' (Presentation mikononi katika Utafiti wa Elimu Ontario 2007 Kongamano) [http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/research/toulouse.pdf]</ref> Mfano mkuu unaoonyesha mbinu na maudhui ya asili yanaweza kukuza matokeo yaliyotajwa hapo juu undhihirika katika elimu ya juu nchini Kanada. Kwa sababu ya sheria fulani, dhamira ya kuongeza mafanikio kwa wanafunzi wa elimu asili na kukuza maadili ya jamii ya kitamanduni, kuingizwa kwa mbinu na maudhui ya asili katika elimu huonwa kuwa jukumu na wajibu wa serikali na taasisi za elimu zenye mamlaka.<ref>Katika mkoa wa Manitoba nchini Kanada kwa mfano, juhudi za pamoja kati ya serikali na taasisi za elimu (vyuo na vyuo vikuu) kumesababisha utekelezaji wa programu 13 za Access. Programu hizi hutilia maanani mbinu na maudhui ya kale katika upokezi wa elimu ya juu; na pia huwapa wanafunzi misaada mbalimbali ya tamaduni nyeti (kama vile wazee na washauri) ili kuzidisha mafanikio katika elimu ya juu. Watetezi wa programu hizi mara nyingi husisitiza kuwa kati ya miaka ya 2001/2002 na 2005/2006 (data iliyopatikana ya hivi karibuni) jumla ya wanafunzi 800 walihitimu kutoka kwa programu hizi na vyeti na asilimia 70.8 ya wanafunzi waliojiandikisha katika miaka hii walikuwa wa usuli wa asili. Takwimu hizi zimetolewa kutoka kur. 141-143 za ''Manitoba '' ''Council on Post-Secondary Education Statistical Compendium for the Academic Years Ending in 2006'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923190414/http://www.copse.mb.ca/en/documents/compendium2007/chapter_5.pdf] halmashauri ya Manitoba kuhusu elimu ya juu. Kulingana na watetezi hawa, kuwekwa pamoja kwa mitindo asili ya elimu ndani ya programu hizo zinazolenga wanafunzi asili, ni kipengele muhimu kinachochangia kukamilika kwa elimu ya juu ya wanafunzi asili waliokisiwa kuwa 566 ambao hawangetarajiwa kuhitimu kiwango hiki cha mafanikio.</ref> == Mchakato == == Mitaala == Somo la taaluma ni tawi la elimu ambalo hufunzwa kirasmi katika vyuo vikuu ama kupitia njia zingine kama hizo. Kwa kawaida, kila somo huwa na masomo mengine ama matawi na mipaka ya kuyabainisha mara nyingi huwa si dhahiri na na mara nyingine husababisha utata. Mifano ya masomo ya kitaaluma yenye upana ni kama vile sayansi asilia, hesabu, sayansi ya komputa, sayansi za jamii, sayansi za binadamu na sayansi za matumizi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/Default.htm |title=Examples of subjects |publisher=Curriculumonline.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821105825/http://www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/default.htm |archivedate=2008-08-21 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.curriculumonline.gov.uk/Default.htm |date=20080821105825 }}</ref> == Mitindo ya kujifunza == Kuna utafiti uliofanywa kuhusu mitindo ya kusoma katika miongo miwili iliyopita. Dunn na Dunn <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.learningstyles.net/ |title=Dunn and Dunn |publisher=Learningstyles.net |date= |accessdate=2009-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203210212/http://www.learningstyles.net/ |archivedate=2009-02-03 }}</ref> walilenga kutambua vichangamshi husishi vinavyofanya masomo yavutie na namna ya kutawala mazingira ya shule. Baadaye Joseph RenzulLi <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/renzulli.shtml |title=Biographer of Renzulli |publisher=Indiana.edu |date= |accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref> alipendekeza mikAkati tofautitofauti ya kufunza. [[Howard Gardner]]<ref>[http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm Thomas Armstrong's website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm |date=20090321191627 }} detailing Multiple Intelligences</ref> alitambua talanta ama vipaji vya mtu binafsi katika nadharia zake za akili nyingi. Kwa misingi ya kazi za [[Carl Gustav Jung|C. G. Jung]] “Kielezi Aina cha Myers Briggs” na “kitenga tabia cha Keisresy” <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keirsey.com/ |title=Keirsey web-site |publisher=Keirsey.com |date= |accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref>vililenga kuelewa jinsi nafsi za watu huathiri uhusiano wa mtu binafsi na zinavyoathiri maelewano ya watu katika mazingira ya kujifunza. Kazi za David Kolib na Anthony Gregorc “jinsi ya kusawiri”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.algonquincollege.com/edtech/gened/styles.html |title=Type Delineator description |publisher=Algonquincollege.com |date= |accessdate=2009-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301064219/http://algonquincollege.com/edtech/gened/styles.html |archivedate=2009-03-01 }}</ref> ” hufuata mfano kama huu lakini uliorahisishwa. Kwa wakati huu, kugawika kwa elimu katika mitindo tofautitofauti hukubalika na wengi. Huenda ikawa kuwa mitindo<ref> Swassing, RH, Barbe, WB, &amp; Milone, MN (1979). ''The Swassing-Barbe'' Mfumo Index: Zaner-Bloser mfumo ''Kit.'' ''Columbus, OH: Zaner-Bloser.'' </ref> ya kujifunza ndiyo ya kawaida:<ref>{{cite web|author=Priscilla Theroux |url=http://members.shaw.ca/priscillatheroux/styles.html |title=Varied Learning Modes |publisher=Members.shaw.ca |date=2004-04-26 |accessdate=2009-04-20}}</ref> * Kuona: Masomo yenye misingi ya kutazama kwa makini na kuona kile kinachosomwa. * Kusikiza: Kusoma kwa misingi ya kusikiliza maelezo/habari. * Masomo husishi: Kusoma kwa misingi ya kutumia mikono na vitendo husishi. Imedaiwa kuwa kulingana na mtindo wa kujifunza unaopendelewa, mbinu tofautitofauti za kufunza huwa na matokeo ya viwango tofauti.<ref> Barbe, WB, &amp; Swassing, RH, pamoja MN Milone. (1979). ''Kufundisha kupitia mfumo uwezo: Dhana na mazoea.'' Columbus, OH: Zaner-Bloser.</ref> Umuhimu wa nadharia hii ni kuwa kunakofaa, inapaswa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kufunza zinazojumulisha mitindo yote mitatu ya kufunza ili wanafunzi tofautitofauti wapate fursa ya kujifunza kwa njia inayowafaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C005704/content_hwl_learningmodalities.php3 |title=Learning mfumo maelezo kutoka Learning Curve website |accessdate=2009-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404234142/http://library.thinkquest.org/C005704/content_hwl_learningmodalities.php3 |archivedate=2008-04-04 }}</ref> Guy Claxton ametilia shaka mitindo ya kujifunza kama vile VAK kwani kwa kiasi fulani mitindo hii ina mazoea ya kupachika watoto majina hivyo basi kuwazuia kujifunza.<ref name="titleGuy Claxton speaking on What's The Point of School">{{cite web |url=http://www.dystalk.com/talks/49-whats-the-point-of-school |title=Guy Claxton speaking on What's The Point of School?|publisher=dystalk.com |accessdate=2009-04-23 |format= |work=}}</ref> == Kujifunza == Kujifunza ni kutaka kujua juu ya jambo fulani ambalo hukulijua kabla. Hata jambo zuri kuhusu kujifunza ni kwamba hakuna mtu yeyote mwenye uwezo wa kukiweka mbali nawe kitu hicho ambacho umejifunza. Walimu wanapaswa kuelewa somo vilivyo ili kuwasilisha umuhimu wake kwa wanafunzi. Shabaha hapa ni kuunda misingi ya ujuzi kamili ambayo wanafunzi wanaweza kutumia kujijenga zaidi kwani wamewekwa wazi kwa matukio mbalimbali ya maisha. Walimu wazuri huweza kutafsiri habari kama hukadiria vizuri, hutumia mazoea na hekima hadi kwa elimu husika ambayo mwanafunzi anaweza kuelewa, kuhifadhi na kupititishia wengine. Utafiti kutoka Marekani unatoa maoni kuwa ubora wa walimu ndio kigezo kinachoathiri mafanikio ya wanafunzi, na kuwa nchi zinazopata alama za juu katika [[mtihani]] au majaribio ya kimataifa zimeweka sera chungu nzima zinazohakikisha kuwa walimu wanaoajiriwa ndio bora. <ref name="WRS">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/socialsector/resources/pdf/Worlds_School_Systems_Final.pdf |title=/ Jinsi duniani mifumo shule bora hutoka topg |accessdate=2009-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824040128/http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/socialsector/resources/pdf/Worlds_School_systems_final.pdf |archivedate=2009-08-24 }}</ref> == Teknolojia == [[File:OLPC Haiti.jpg|thumb|right|Tarakilishi mpakato zikitolewa kwa watoto wa [[Haiti]].]] [[Teknolojia]] ni kigezo muhimu katika elimu. [[Tarakilishi]] na [[simu]] za [[rununu]] zinatumiwa katika nchi zilizoendelea kuimarisha elimu iliyothibitishwa na kukuza njia mpya za elimu kama vile elimu ya mtandao (masomo ya mbali). Wanafunzi hupata fursa ya kuchagua wanachotaka kusoma. Kuenea kwa tarakilishi pia kunamaanisha kuongezeka kwa programu za kompyuta na kuongeza habari mtandaoni. Teknolojia hutoa vifaa muhimu vinavohitaji ujuzi mpya na uelewa wa wanafunzi zikiwemo njia nyingi za mawasiliano, na huleta njia mpya za kuhusisha wanafunzi kama vile mazingira ya kujifunza. Teknolojia inatumiwa si tu katika wajibu wa kutawala katika elimu bali pia katika kuwaelekeza wanafunzi. Matumizi ya teknolojia kama vile virusha maandishi (power point) na ubao mweupe hutumiwa kunasa akili za wanafunzi darasani. Teknolojia vilevile hutumiwa kuwatahini wanafunzi. Mfano mzuri ni mfumo wa kuvutia hadhira (ARS),ambao huruhusu majibu ya mitihani moja kwa moja pamoja na majadiliano darasani. Teknolojia pia imekuwa mojawapo wa maktaba katika elimu ambamo vitabu, ripoti za utafiti, tansifu n.k. huchapishwa. Tovuti zinazochapishwa vitabu, ripoti na tansifu zimekuwa za manufaa kwa wasomi. Zinawapa uwezo wa kupata vitabu maalum kwa ujumbe fulani tofauti na maktaba za kizama ambazo humlazimu mtu kusoma kwa urefu na upana kupata ule ujumbe. Tofuati hizi hufuata mpangilio, nyingine zikiruhusu watumizi kupakua vitabu bila malipo, nyingine zina malipo ya muda, ilhali nyingine hulazimu mtu kununua kile kitabu anachokihitaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://citationsy.com/blog/download-research-papers-scientific-articles-free-scihub/|title=How to Download Research Papers and Scientific Articles for free|author=Citationsy|date=2018-11-29|language=en|work=The Citationsy Blog|accessdate=2018-12-05T07:44:12Z|archive-date=2018-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205040600/https://citationsy.com/blog/download-research-papers-scientific-articles-free-scihub/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Teknolojia za habari na mawasiliano]] (ICT) ni "seti ya vifaa na rasilimali mbalimbali zinazotumiwa kuwasiliana, kuunda, kueneza na kuongoza habari."<ref>{{cite web | last = Blurton | first = Craig|title = New Directions of ICT-Use in Education| url=http://www.unesco.org/education/educprog/lwf/dl/edict.pdf |accessdate = 2007-02-06|format=PDF}}</ref> Teknolojia hizi ni pamoja na kompyuta, mtandao, teknolojia za kusambaza habari (redio na televisheni) na simu (kuongea na pia kwa [[ujumbe wa maandishi]]). Kuna mvuto unaoongezeka kuhusu namna tarakilishi na mtandao vinavyoweza kuimarisha elimu katika viwango vyote, yaani mseto wa elimu rasmi na ile isiyo rasmi.<ref> [[b:ICT in Education|IKT katika Elimu]]</ref> Teknolojia za habari na mawasiliano za awali, kama vile [[redio]] na [[televisheni]], zimetumiwa kwa zaidi ya miaka 40 kwa elimu wazi na ile ya mbali, hata hivyo kupiga chapa ndiyo njia nafuu zaidi, inapatikana kwa urahisi, na hivyo basi ni mbinu iliyotawala katika nchi zilizoendelea na zile zinazoendelea.<ref>{{cite web|last=Potashnik, M. and Capper, J.|title=Distance Education:Growth and Diversity|url=http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/pdfs/0398/0110398.pdf|accessdate=2007-02-06|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000919132928/http://www.worldbank.org/fandd/english/pdfs/0398/0110398.pdf|archivedate=2000-09-19}}</ref> Matumizi ya tarakilishi na mtandao (ikiwa vinatumika) bado ni changa katika [[nchi zinazoendelea]], na hii ni kwa sababu miundo msingi ni michache na ghali. Kwa kawaida teknolojia kadhaa hutumiwa kwa pamoja bali si mbinu pekee ya kupokelewa. Kwa mfano, Kothmel Community Radio Internet hutumia matangazo ya redio na kompyuta pamoja na teknolojia ya mtandao, na hivyo hurahisisha kugawa habari na kutoa nafasi za elimu katika [[kijiji]] fulani [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Taghioff | first = Daniel | title = Seeds of Consensus—The Potential Role for Information and Communication Technologies in Development. | url = http://www.btinternet.com/~daniel.taghioff/index.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20031012140402/http://www.btinternet.com/~daniel.taghioff/index.html | archivedate = 2003-10-12 | accessdate = 2003-10-12 }}</ref> [[Chuo Kikuu cha Uingereza]] (UKOU) kilichoanzishwa mwaka wa 1969 kama taasisi ya elimu ya kwanza ulimwenguni kujitolea kutoa elimu ya wazi na ya mbali, bado hutegemea vifaa vilivyopigwa chapa na kuongezea redio, runinga na kompyuta.<ref> [http://www.open.ac.uk Open University wa Uingereza] Official website</ref> Vivyo hivyo, Chuo Kikuu cha Indira Gandhi nchini [[India]] huweka pamoja matumizi ya chapa, sauti zilizorekodiwa, video, redio, televisheni na teknolojia ya vielezo vya kusikiza mkutano.<ref> [http://www.ignou.ac.in Indira Gandhi Taifa Open University] Official website</ref> Dhana ya “masomo yanayosaidiwa na kompyuta” (CAL) limetumiwa kwa wingi kuelezea teknolojia katika masomo. == Nadharia ya elimu == Nadharia ya elimu ni nadharia ya azma, matumizi na ufafanuzi wa elimu na kusoma. Historia yake inatokana na wataalamu wa elimu kutoka [[Ugiriki]] kuanzia [[karne ya 18]]. Katika karne ya 20 mbinu za kusoma zimetumia nadharia katika kufunza, kutathmini na katika sheria za elimu ambazo hupatikana katika vitengo mbalimbali kama ifuatavyo: == Uchumi == Sababu zimetolewa kuwa kiasi cha juu cha elimu ni muhimu kwa nchi ili kuwezesha ukuaji haraka wa [[uchumi]].<ref> Hanushek, Uchumi Matokeo na Shule ya Quality </ref> Uchunguzi unaotegemea nadharia huunga mkono nadharia za kutabiri kuwa [[nchi maskini]] zinapaswa kukua haraka kuliko [[nchi tajiri]] kwani nchi hizi zinaweza kutumia teknolojia mpya kabisa ambayo imeshajaribiwa na nchi tajiri. Hata hivyo, kuhamisha teknolojia kunahitaji viongozi wenye maarifa na [[wahandisi]] wenye uwezo wa kutumia [[mashine]] mpya ama mazoezi ya uzalishaji yaliyokopwa ili kuziba mpaka kwa miigo. Hivyo basi, uwezo wa nchi wa kujifunza kutoka kwa nchi kiongozi ni jukumu la wafanyakazi wa nchi hiyo.<ref> UCLA Economics Qur'ani 183 kutoka Profesa Boustan</ref> Utafiti wa hivi karibuni wa vitambulishi vya kujumuisha ukuaji wa kiuchumi umesisitiza umuhimu wa vyuo asili vya uchumi<ref> Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, na James A. Robinson, "The kikoloni Chimbuko la Comparative Maendeleo: An Empirical Investigation." ''American Economic Review'' 91, no.5 (Desemba 2001) :1369-1401.</ref> na majukumu ya ujuzi tambuzi.<ref> Eric A. Hanushek, na Ludger Woessmann, "Jukumu la cognitive ujuzi katika maendeleo ya kiuchumi." ''Journal of Economic Literature'' 46, no.3 (Septemba 2008) :607-608.</ref> Katika kiwango cha mtu binafsi, kuna [[maandishi]] yenye uhusiano na kazi ya [[Jacob Mincer]], <ref> Yakobo Mincer, "Mgawanyo wa kazi kipato: utafiti na kumbukumbu maalumu kwa mtaji mbinu." ''Journal of Economic Fasihi'' 8, no.1 (Machi 1970) :1-26.</ref> ya jinsi mapato yanahusiana na elimu na rasilimali ya mtu binafsi. Kazi hii imetia motisha idadi kubwa ya utafiti lakini pia inaelekea kuleta mabishano kwa kiasi fulani. Ubishi mkubwa unahusu jinsi ya kufasiri matokeo ya kusoma.<ref> Angalia, kwa mfano, Daudi Kadi, "Causal elimu juu ya athari za mapato," katika ''uchumi Handbook wa kazi,'' mwisho na Ashenfelter na Daudi Orley Card. Amsterdam: Kaskazini-Holland, 1999:1801-1863; James J. Heckman, Lance J. Lochner, na Petra E. Todd., "Earnings utendaji, viwango vya tiba kurudi na madhara: The Mincer equation na nje," katika ''Handbook ya ya Uchumi wa Elimu,'' mwisho na Eric A. Hanushek na Finis Welch. Amsterdam: Kaskazini Holland, 2006:307-458.</ref> [[Wataalamu wa uchumi]] [[Samwel Bowels]] na [[Herbert Ginits]] walitoa maoni kwamba kulikuwa na ubishi asili katika elimu nchini Marekani kati ya shabaha ya [[demokrasia shirikishi]] yenye [[usawa]] na faida ya mapato ya kibepari yaliyodokeza hali ya kutokuwa na usawa.<ref> Samuel Bowles na Herbert Gintis, ''Elimu katika kibepari Marekani: Educational Mageuzi na utata wa Kiuchumi Life'' (Basic Books, 1976) </ref> == Historia ya elimu == [[Picha:Laurentius de Voltolina 001.jpg|left|thumb|[[Mchoro]] wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bologna]], [[Italia]].]] '''Historia ya elimu''' ilianza miaka mingi iliyopita, kwa kuwa [[elimu]] kama [[sayansi]] haiwezi kutengwa na [[utamaduni]] wowote wa elimu iliyokuwepo awali. Wakubwa waliwafunza wadogo wao juu ya [[jamii]] kwa kutumia [[maarifa]] na ujuzi waliohitaji kufahamu na mwishowe kupitisha. Mabadiliko ya utamaduni na [[binadamu]] kama [[spishi]] yalitegemea mazoea ya kupitisha elimu. Katika jamii ambazo hazikujua kusoma, hili liliafikiwa kupitia [[mdomo]] na kuiga. Kusimuliana [[hadithi]] kuliendelezwa kutoka [[kizazi]] kimoja hadi kingine. [[Lugha]] ya mazungumzo iliendelea na kuwa [[ishara]] na [[herufi]]. [[Kina]] na [[upana]] wa elimu au maarifa ulioweza kuhifadhiwa na kupitishwa uliongezeka zaidi na zaidi. Wakati ambapo tamaduni zilianza kupanua elimu zaidi ya ujuzi wa kawaida wa [[mawasiliano]], [[biashara]], [[ukusanyaji chakula]], tunu na [[desturi]] za [[Dini|kidini]] na kadhalika, mwishowe [[elimu rasmi]] na masomo vilifuatia. Kisomo kwa maana hii kilikuwa kimeshaanza nchini [[Misri]] kati ya [[3000 KK|3000]] na [[500 KK]]. Siku hizi aina fulani ya elimu ni jambo la lazima kwa watu wote katika nchi nyingi. Kwa sababu ya ongezeko la watu na kuenea kwa [[elimu ya lazima]], Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni la Umoja wa Mataifa ([[UNESCO]]) limepiga [[hesabu]] ya kwamba miaka 30 ijayo, watu wengi zaidi ulimwenguni watapata elimu rasmi katika [[historia]] ya binadamu.<ref> Robinson, K.: ''[http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity.html Shule Kill Creation.]'' TED Talks, 2006, Monterrey, CA, USA.</ref> == Falsafa ya elimu == [[Picha:LockeEducation1693.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kitabu]] cha [[John Locke]] "Baadhi ya Mawazo Kuhusu Elimu" kiliandikwa mwaka [[1693]] na bado huonyesha vipaumbele vya elimu ya jadi katika [[Nchi za Magharibi]].]] [[Falsafa ya elimu]] ni [[utafiti]] wa kifalsafa juu ya kusudi, utaratibu na ubora wa [[elimu]] kwa kuchunguza ufafanuzi, malengo na maana ya elimu kwa jumla au ya mtazamo mmojawapo juu yake. [[Falsafa]] ya elimu kwa kawaida huonwa kama [[tawi]] la falsafa na la elimu. Falsafa ya elimu mara nyingi hubaki ndani ya falsafa na elimu, ilhali ni [[falsafa matumizi]], iliyotokana na nyanja za zamani za falsafa ([[ontolojia]], [[maadili]], [[epistemolojia]]) na njia ([[kisia]], taswira na tafiti), mbinu na mtaala, [[nadharia]], kwa kutaja tu chache. == Saikolojia ya elimu == [[Picha:FinnGerberBoydZaharias2005.png|left|thumb|Utafiti nchini Marekani ulionyesha kwamba watoto wa familia zenye kipato cha chini, kwa kuhudhuria madarasa madogo miaka 3 au zaidi ya utotoni, walifaulu zaidi kuhitimu masomo ya juu baadaye. <ref Name=finn> Finn, JD, Gerber, SB, Boyd - Zaharias, J. (2005). Small madarasa katika darasa mapema, mafanikio ya kielimu, na kufuzu kutoka high school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 214-233. </ref>]] [[Saikolojia ya elimu]] ni uchunguzi wa jinsi watu hujifunza katika mandhari ya elimu, ufaafu wa maingiliano ya elimu, saikolojia ya kufunza na saikolojia jamii za shule. Ingawa maneno “saikolojia ya kielimu” na “saikolojia ya shule“ mara nyingi hutumiwa kwa kubadilishana, watafiti na wananadharia wanaweza kutambuliwa kama wanasaikolojia wa elimu, ilhali weledi wanaopatikana shuleni au mandhari yanayoana na shule hujulikana kama wanasaikolojia wa shule. Saikolojia ya elimu inajishughulisha na utaratibu wa kutoa elimu kwa watu na umma kwa jumla na umma mdogo, kama vile watoto wenye vipaji na wale wenye ulemavu. Saikolojia ya elimu inaweza kueleweka kwa sehemu kupitia masomo mengine. Saikolojia ya elimu vilevile huarifiwa na saikolojia, ikileta uhusiano baina ya [[utabibu]] na [[biolojia]]. Saikolojia ya elimu pia huarifu masafa mapana ya masomo maalum yakiwemo mpango wa mafunzo. Teknolojia ya elimu, mtaala uliokuzwa, masomo yaliyopangwa, masomo maalumu, sayansi tambuzi na sayansi masomo. Katika vyuo vikuu, idara za elimu ya saikolojia zimehifadhiwa katika vitivo vya elimu. Hii ni kwa sababu ya uwezekano wa ukosefu wa uwakilishaji wa maudhui ya saikolojia ya elimu katika utangulizi wa [[vitabu]] vya saikolojia. == Sosholojia ya elimu == [[Sosholojia ya elimu]] ni somo linalohusu jinsi taasisi za kijamii na kani huathiri michakato na matokeo ya elimu, na kinyume chake. Kwa wengi, elimu hueleweka kama mbinu ya kushinda vizuizi, kufanikisha usawa na kupata [[amani]] na hadhi kwa wote (Sargent 1994). Wanafunzi wanaweza kutiwa motisha na hamu ya maendeleo na uboreshaji. Elimu hutambuliwa kama mahali ambapo watoto huweza kujikuza kulingana na mahitaji yao ya pekee.<ref> Schofield, K. (1999). "The Malengo ya Elimu", Queensland State Elimu: 2010, [Juu] URL: www.aspa.asn.au / Papers / eqfinalc.PDF [Accessed 2002, 28 Oktoba]</ref> Jukumu la elimu linaweza kuwa ni kukuza mtu binafsi hadi kilele. Uelewa wa shabaha na mbinu za michakato ya utangamano wa kielimu hutofautiana kulingana na dhana ya sosholojia iliyotumika. == Maendeleo ya elimu == [[Picha:Education index UN HDR 2007 2008.PNG|thumb|300px|left|Ramani ya dunia ikionyesha Viwango vya Elimu (kulingana na Ripoti ya Maendeleo ya Binadamu 2007/2008) {| width=100% |- | valign=top | {{legend|#006000|0.950 kwenda juu}} {{legend|#00a000|0.900–0.949}} {{legend|#00d000|0.850–0.899}} {{legend|#00ff00|0.800–0.849}} {{legend|#e0ff00|0.750–0.799}} | valign=top | {{legend|#ffff00|0.700–0.749}} {{legend|#ffdf00|0.650–0.699}} {{legend|#ffc160|0.600–0.649}} {{legend|#ffa552|0.550–0.599}} {{legend|#ff8000|0.500–0.549}} | valign=top | {{legend|#ff0000|0.450–0.499}} {{legend|#a00000|0.400–0.449}} {{legend|#800000|0.350–0.399}} {{legend|#400000|chini ya 0.350}} {{legend|#c0c0c0|hakuna takwimu}} |} ]] Katika [[nchi zinazoendelea]] idadi na uzito wa shida zilizoko kwa kawaida ni kubwa. Watu wa vijijini wakati mwingine huwa hawana habari kuhusu umuhimu wa elimu. Hata hivyo, nchi nyingine zina [[wizara ya elimu]] na katika masomo mengi, kama vile kujifunza lugha za kigeni, kiwango cha elimu kimo juu kuliko katika nchi zilizoendelea. Kwa mfano, katika nchi zinazoendelea ni kawaida kupata wanafunzi wakizungumza lugha nyingi za kigeni kwa usanifu mkubwa, ilhali jambo hili ni nadra katika [[nchi zilizoendelea]] ambapo idadi kubwa ya watu huzungumza lugha moja. Vilevile kuna shinikizo la kiuchumi kutoka kwa wazazi ambao hupendelea watoto wao wapate pesa kwa muda mfupi kuliko faida za elimu ya muda mrefu. Utafiti wa hivi karibuni kuhusu ajira ya watoto na umasikini zimependekeza kuwa familia zilizokumbwa na umasikini zinapofikia kiwango fulani cha kukidhi mahitaji yao ya kimsingi, wazazi huwarejesha watoto wao shuleni. Hii imethibitshwa kuwa kweli mara tu kizingiti kinapovukwa. Hata kama uwezekano wa thamani ya kiuchumi ya ajira ya watoto inaongezeka baada yao kurudishwa shuleni. [[Picha:Graduates in tertiary education-thousands.jpg|thumb|Urusi ina wahitimu wengi kuliko nchi nyingine yoyote katika Ulaya.]] Ukosefu wa vyuo vikuu bora na kiwango cha chini cha kukubalika katika vyuo hivi ni dhahiri katika nchi zilizo na idadi kubwa ya watu. Baadhi za nchi zina mitaala mikuu inayoweza kubadilika kwa urahisi, inayofanana na yenye miundo zaidi. * Kutokana na utandawazi shinikizo kwa wanafunzi katika shughuli za mtaala zimeongezeka * Kuondolewa kwa asili mia fulani ya wanfunzi kwa ajili ya uboreshaji wa masomo (kwa kawaida hufanywa shuleni baada ya daraja la kumi) India inakuza teknolojia na mtandao. India ilizindua EDUSAT, elimu ya setilaiti ambayo inaweza kuwafikia wengi kwa gharama ya chini. Kuna pia mpango ulioanzishwa na shirika la OLPC, kundi lililotokana na maabara ya MIT lililoungwa mkono na mashirika makuu ili kukuza kompyuta ya kupakata ambayo ingeghalimu $100, ili kuwezesha kuwasilisha elimu ya programu ya kompyuta. Kompyuta hizi zimesambaa kote kufikia mwaka wa 2009. Kompyuta hizi zinauzwa au kutolewa kama msaada. Hii itawezesha nchi zinazoendelea kuwapa watoto wao elimu kwa kutumia mitambo. Barani [[Afrika]], shirika la NEPAD limezindua programu ya masomo ya mtandao inayotoa vifaa vya kompyuta na masomo ya mtandao kwa shule zote za msingi na upili kwa kipindi cha miaka kumi. Vikundi vya binafsi kama vile [[Wamormoni]], wanajikakamua kuwapa watu fursa ya kupokea elimu katika nchi zinazoendelea kupitia miradi kama vile Perpetual Educational Fund. Mradi wa maendeleo kimataifa inayofahamika kama [http://www.nabuur.com/ nabuur.com,] com iliyoanza kwa msaada wa rais wa Marekani [[Bill Clinton]], hutumia mtandao kuwezesha ushirikiano wa watu binafsi kuzungumzia maswala ya maendeleo ya jamii. === Umataifishaji === Elimu inaendelea kuwa jambo la kimataifa. Si vifaa vyake tu vinavyoendelea kuathiriwa na mazingira ya kimataifa yenye ukwasi bali pia mabadiliko ya wanafunzi katika viwango vyote yanayochangia kuendesha jukumu hili muhimu. Kwa mfano kule Uropa, [http://www.erasmus.ac.uk programu ya Socratis Erusmus ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.erasmus.ac.uk/ |date=20080713112018 }}imechechemua mabadilishano kati ya vyuo vikuu vya Uropa. Vile vile, [http://www.soros.org/ Shirika la Soros ]hutoa fursa nyingi kwa wanafunzi kutoka Asia ya kati na Uropa mashariki. Wasomi wengi hudai kwamba ingawa mfumo fulani unaweza kuzingatiwa kuwa bora au mbaya kuliko mwingine, kuzoea aina tofauti ya elimu mara nyingi huonwa kuwa elementi muhimu ya kuzoea masomo ya kimataifa.<ref> Dubois, HFW, Padovano, G., &amp; Stew, G. (2006) Kuboresha muuguzi kimataifa mafunzo: an American-Kiitaliano kesi masomo. ''Kimataifa Nursing Review, 53'' (2): 110-116.</ref> == Dini na elimu == Elimu katika dini ya [[Uislamu]] ni muhimu kwa wake na waume, haswa kwa watoto wadogo. Kinyume na dhana ya kawaida, kutafuta aina zote za maarifa, yawe ya kitaaluma, ya kidini au ya kidunia yanaruhusiwa kwa watu wa umri wowote. Hata hivyo, masomo ya umri mdogo huonwa kuipa akili fursa ya kumakinika bila kuathiriwa na shida na majukumu ya maisha ya utu uzima. == Tazama pia == * [[Elimu ya watu wazima]] * [[Elimu mbadala]] * [[Mtaala]] * [[Elimu ya mtandao]] * [[Elimu ya biashara]] * [[Historia ya elimu]] * [[Elimu ya amani]] * [[Falsafa ya elimu]] * [[Elimu ya umma]] * [[Shule]] * [[Sosholojia ya elimu]] * [[Elimu kwa wenye mahitaji maalum]] * [[Mwalimu]] * [[Elimu ya juu]] * [[Chuo Kikuu]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Sisterlinks|Education}} * {{Dmoz|Reference/Education/|Education}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/edresour.htm Educational Resources] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/edresour.htm |date=20050410045753 }} kutoka ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx?CS_referer=&amp;CS_ChosenLang=en UNESCO Taasisi ya Takwimu: International kulinganishwa mifumo ya takwimu za elimu] {{Wayback|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ReportFolders/ReportFolders.aspx?CS_referer=&CS_ChosenLang=en |date=20070515133052 }} * [http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=RPERS OECD takwimu za elimu] * [https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2016/apr/04/technology-bridge-learning-gap-africa Mifano mbalimbali ya teknolojia inavyoimarisha elimu Afrika] * [https://history-world.org/history_of_education.htm Historia ya elimu] {{Wayback|url=https://history-world.org/history_of_education.htm |date=20171012090556 }} {{Sayansi}} [[Jamii:Elimu]] q00spsg4emqj8rnlyk9gl716bv987sr 0 3665 1582257 1580473 2026-07-28T12:21:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Eldoret |picha_ya_satelite = |pushpin_map = Kenya |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Eldoret katika Kenya |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Kenya]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Kaunti za Kenya|Kaunti]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu|Uasin Gishu]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2009 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 289380 |latd=0 |latm=31 |lats=0 |latNS=N |longd=35 |longm=17 |longs=0 |longEW=E |website = }} [[Picha: Skyline_of_Eldoret_Facing_West_from_Mups_Plaza.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Eldoret, Kenya]] '''Eldoret''' ni [[mji]] ulio [[magharibi]] mwa [[Kenya]]. Upo kwenye [[barabara kuu]] kati ya [[Nairobi]] - [[Kampala]] takriban [[km]] 300 kutoka [[jiji]] la Nairobi katika [[nyanda za juu]] magharibi mwa [[Bonde la Ufa]] kwenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 2100 - 2700 juu ya [[UB]]. Ukiwa na wakazi 289,380 (wakati wa [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2009]]<ref>[https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 Sensa ya Kenya 2009] {{Wayback|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 |date=20190109205229 }}, [[tovuti]] ya [[KNBS]], ilitazamwa Januari 2009.</ref>) ni mji wa [[tano]] kwa ukubwa nchini Kenya baada ya [[Nairobi]], [[Mombasa]], [[Kisumu]] na [[Nakuru]] na ni [[makao makuu]] ya [[kaunti ya Uasin Gishu]]. ==Historia== Eneo la Eldoret lilikuwa linamilikiwa na [[jamii]] ya [[Wamaasai]] ingawa kwa sasa wakaaji wengi ni wa [[kabila]] la [[Wakalenjin]] na hasa [[Wanandi]] na [[Wakeiyo]]. Mji wenyewe ulianzishwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]] mwakani 1910 kwa ufunguzi wa kituo cha posta mahali ambako [[Reli ya Uganda|reli ya Mombasa-Uganda]] ilitakiwa kupita baadaye. Wakati ule [[makaburu]] kadhaa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] walihamia Kenya wakitafuta mashamba mapya baada ya kushindwa na Waingereza vitani. Uingereza ilitaka kupatanisha makaburu na hali ya kulazimishwa kuwepo chini yake kwa kuwafungulia milango katika maeneo yake mengine. Mashamba ya walowezi wale katika nyanda za juu za Uasin Gishu yalikuwa msingi wa kiuchumi kwa maendeleo ya mji mchanga ulioitwa Eldoret kuanzia mwaka 1912. Tangu 1924 Eldoret iliunganishwa na njia ya [[reli]], 1928 mji ulipata maji ya bomba na tangu 1933 palikuwa na [[umeme]]. Wakazi walikuwa 193,830 mwaka 1999 (sensa),<ref> "Idadi ya Mitaa Mamlaka"(na mijini),Serikali ya Kenya, 1999,webpage: GovtKenya-Idadi ya-PDF. </ref>. Siku hizi Eldoret ni mji wa Kenya unaokua haraka. Rais [[Daniel Arap Moi]] alianzisha miradi mingi katika mji huo wakati wa utawala wake kama vile [[Chuo Kikuu]] na [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Eldoret|uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa]] mkubwa kushinda mahitaji ya mji. Eldoret ni nyumbani kwa wakimbiaji mashuhuri wa Kenya kama [[Kipchoge Keino]]. Kimo cha juu ni mazingira ya kufaa kwa mazoezi ya kukimbia kwa sababu mkimbiaji aliyezoea hapa huongeza uwezo wa mapafu yake atakuwa na faida akishindana baadaye kwa kimo cha chini. Kusini, [[Milima ya Cherangani]] kimo kinatofautiana kutoka juu ya mita 2100 juu ya usawa wa bahari katika uwanja wa ndege kwa zaidi ya mita 2700 katika maeneo ya jirani (futi 7000-9000). Jina "Eldoret" lina misingi ya [[Kimaasai]]: neno "eldare" maana yake ni "mto ulio na mawe" <ref name="SpiritEldoret">"Mji wa Eldoret" (historia), [[Delft University of Technology]] (TUDelft), Uholanzi, Oktoba 2004, webpage: [http://www.kenya.tudelft.nl/en/kenia/eldoret.html TUDelft-Eldoret.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kenya.tudelft.nl/en/kenia/eldoret.html |date=20050325201437 }}</ref> kwa sababu kitanda [[Sosiani]] ya [[mto]] ni karibu sana. Walowezi Weupe waliamua kuiita Eldoret kufanya kuwa rahisi kwa wao kutamka hayo. Katika mwanzo wa ukoloni, eneo lilikuwa linadhibitiwa na [[Waanndi]], kabla ya kuwa na [[Wamasai]] na kabla ya kuwa [[Sirikwa]]. Mji wa Eldoret wenyewe ulianza mwaka 1910 pamoja na Post Office juu ya kile alikuwa anajulikana kwa walowezi Weupe kama "Farm 64", "64" au "Sisibo" kwa wenyeji kwa sababu, wakati huo ilikuwa maili 64 kutoka [[Reli ya Uganda]] kujengwa [[Kibigori]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mu.ac.ke/eldoret/eldhis.html |title=Eldoret |accessdate=2009-12-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313022952/http://www.mu.ac.ke/eldoret/eldhis.html |archivedate=2009-03-13 }}</ref> Mwaka wa 1908, eneo la Eldoret limekuwa makazi kwa wasemaji wa Kiafrikana kutoka Afrika ya Kusini ambao "trekked" kutoka Nakuru baada ya safari kutoka Afrika ya Kusini na bahari na reli kutoka Mombasa. Kutoka [Ulaya]] na [[Asia]] ya walowezi na wafanyabiashara walianza kuwasili muda mfupi baadaye. Wakati gavana waliamua kuanzisha kituo cha kiutawala, ya Post Office mara renamed kutoka "64" na jina la mji rasmi kama "Eldoret" mwaka 1912.<ref name="SpiritEldoret" /> Kuwa kituo cha kiutawala unasababishwa na ongezeko kubwa katika biashara. Benki na maduka kadhaa walikuwa kujengwa.<ref name="SpiritEldoret" /> [[Reli]] ya [[Uganda]] ugani, kutoka Kibigori kuelekea [[Uganda]], kufikiwa Eldoret 1924,<ref name="SpiritEldoret" /> kuanzisha enzi mpya ya ustawi na ukuaji. Mwaka 1928, na maji ya bomba kutoka [[mto Mara Sosiani]]. Mwaka 1933, Afrika Mashariki na Power Lighting Company iliweka [[jenereta]].<ref name="SpiritEldoret" /> Kwa wakati huo, Eldoret ilikuwa na ndege wadogo, na makazi ya kukodisha chini amekuwa yalijengwa.<ref name="SpiritEldoret" /> [[Daniel Arap Moi]] alizaliwa katika [[kaunti ya Baringo|kaunti jirani ya Baringo]], na chini ya [[urais]] wake, mji ulikua zaidi. Mwaka 1984 [[Chuo Kikuu cha Moi]] kiliundwa na serikali, na jina lake linatokana na lile la rais huyo wa pili wa nchi. Tarehe 1 Januari 2008 na masaibu kushambuliwa na kuweka moto kanisa katika mji, ambako mamia ya watu walikuwa kuchukuliwa kimbilio wakati wa mauaji ya Kenya. Kama matokeo, hadi watu 40, wengi Wakikuyu, walikuwa kuchomwa moto hadi kufa.<ref name="SpiritEldoret" /> [[Lucas Sang]] aliuawa katika mji wakati njia yake nyumbani, wakati vurugu wanashangazwa Kenya Desemba 2007 katika Aftermath tata wa rais wa uchaguzi. == Mitaa kiutawala == Eldoret ni [[serikali]] na [[halmashauri]] ya [[manispaa]]. Manispaa imegawanywa katika [[kata]] [[kumi na tatu]]. Sita (Eldoret Kaskazini, Huruma, Kamukunji, Kapyemit, Kidiwa / Kapsuswa, na Uwanja / Viwanda) ni wa [[Eneo bunge la Eldoret Kaskazini]], tatu (Hospital, Kapsoya na Kimumu / Sergoit) ni katika [[Eneo bunge la Eldoret Mashariki]], na iliyobaki nne (Kipkenyo, Langas, Pioneers / [[Elgon View]] na Race Course) ni sehemu ya [[Eneo Bunge la Eldoret Kusini]]. Yote haya majimbo matatu kata zaidi ndani ya mamlaka nyingine kuliko Eldoret manisipaa <ref>Tume ya Uchaguzi ya Kenya: ''[http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf Usajili wa vituo kwa eneo na jimbo uchaguzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf |date=20070628084749 }}''</ref> [[Meya]] wa sasa wa Eldoret ni Sammy Ruto. == Uchumi == [[Picha:AMPATH Project, Eldoret, Kenya.jpg|thumb|]] Mji sasa ni nyumbani kwa [[soko]] kubwa, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Moi]], Eldoret International [[Airport]]. Pia inajulikana kwa [[jibini]] wake kiwandani. Meja viwanda ni pamoja na [[nguo]], [[ngano]], [[pareto]] na [[ngano]]. Mji ina idadi ya viwanda. Eldoret ni nyumbani kwa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Moi]] na idadi ya wanafunzi 14,855 kama wa 2006. Shule ya pili ya matibabu nchini Kenya, [[Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital]] (MTRH), ni pia ziko katika ndani ya mipaka ya mji wa Eldoret Town. Eldoret Polytechnic, ambayo ni [[Polytechnic]] ya tatu kitaifa, pia iko katika mji. Eldoret ni mji wa Kenya hadithi kadhaa Runners, kända wengi ambao ni [[Kipchoge Keino]]. The high urefu ni mafunzo bora ya ardhi kwa wengi kati na wanariadha wa umbali mrefu. The Runners kutoka Eldoret wamechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa uchumi wa Eldoret winnings yao katika jamii duniani kote. Eldoret ni pia nimezungukwa na eneo ya kilimo sana, na kwa sababu hii ni nyumbani kwa wakulima wengi, ambao wengine kubeba mengi ya kisiasa na kiuchumi inflytande, pamoja Kibogys na Chemwenos. Eldoret pia ni nyumbani kwa idadi ya viwanda kutambuliwa kitaifa kama Raiplywoods, Ken-Knit na Lochab Brothers. Yote haya walikuwa kuanzisha viwanda na kuendelezwa na baadhi ya familia kongwe Indian asili katika eneo bonde la ufa yaani The Rai's, The Shah's, The Lochab's na The Patel's. Eldoret ina idadi ya mashamba. Karibu kila mali imekuwa ni utambulisho. Baadhi ya Estates pamoja na; [[Elgon View]], Langas, Huruma, Kapsoya, Kahoya, West Indies, Magharibi, Kipkaren, Kimumu, Yerusalemu, Pioneers miongoni mwa wengine wengi Kuna umati kukua kitaaluma katika Eldoret inayojitokeza sasa, ambaye uwepo ni kuwa waliona katika mji. Kutokana na Rufaa ya Moi Teaching Hospital na Eldoret Hospital, ambayo ni pia kuwa specialiserade radiolgy huduma na Madaktari Plaza, kuna uzoefu mwenyeji wa madaktari. Miongoni mwa wanasheria, kongwe imara katika kanda ni Nyairo na Kampuni, kwamba ilianzishwa na [[Momanyi Alfred Nyairo]] katika sixties na sasa inaendeshwa na mwanawe, AK Nyairo. Eldoret ni nyumbani pia ya Kimataifa ya Athletics Association Federations ([[IAAF]]) 's High Altitude Training Center kwa wanariadha wa Kenya na kimataifa. ==Usafiri== [[Picha:Eldoret 3.JPG|thumb]] [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Eldoret]] hutumiwa na mji huu na ulipigiwa kora kama uwanja safi kabisa nchini mwaka 2001. Njia Kuu ipitayo Africa nzima pia hupita kupitia mji. Reli ya Kenya na Uganda pia hupitia hapa.<ref name="cleanest">[http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/14032001/News/News35.html "Eldoret airport walipiga renaste",] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/14032001/News/News35.html |date=20080213235001 }} [[The Daily Nation,|''The Daily Nation,'']] 14 Machi 2001.</ref> ==Miji pacha== *[[Indianapolis, Indiana]], Marekani (2007) <ref>[http://www.indygov.org/NR/rdonlyres/1F65860D-D840-4F9E-996B-8A34FF24EF6F/0/100807min.pdf Indianapolis City County Council Dondoo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.indygov.org/NR/rdonlyres/1F65860D-D840-4F9E-996B-8A34FF24EF6F/0/100807min.pdf |date=20081028184647 }} (2007-10-8).</ref> *[[Ithaca, New York]], Marekani <ref>[http://www.news10now.com/content/all_news/tompkinscortland_county/?SecID=111&amp;ArID=104809 News 10 Sasa: Race kupata mji dada uhusiano mbio]</ref> *[[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], Marekani (2000) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Africa/Kenya |title=SCI: Sister Cities International |accessdate=2009-12-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324232925/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Africa/Kenya |archivedate=2005-03-24 |=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324232925/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Africa/Kenya }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons cat}} * [http://62.24.110.69/home/extern/eldoret/eldoret.php Eldoret - Kenya] {{Wayback|url=http://62.24.110.69/home/extern/eldoret/eldoret.php |date=20041111232630 }} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/8/Eldoret.html Mitaa Maps] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/8/Eldoret.html |date=20100205212357 }} * [http://www.eldoret.info ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eldoret.info/ |date=20210421012936 }} Tovuti ya Wakaaji wa Eldoret * [http://cheptiret.com Taarifa juu ya watu kote Eldoret] {{Wayback|url=http://cheptiret.com/ |date=20100310075827 }} * [http://home.hccnet.nl/theovlaar/raynestor/index.html ] Ray Nestor Paintings sanaa * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/8/Eldoret.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 177m (alama nyekundu ni reli)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/8/Eldoret.html |date=20100205212357 }} {{coord|0|31|N|35|17|E|region:KE_type:city|display=title}} {{Kaunti za Kenya}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu]] [[Jamii:Eldoret]] gelxx5jg6mowk68rztxokfn7z8va940 0 20526 1582281 1511760 2026-07-28T16:28:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582281 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Engaruka''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Monduli]] katika [[Mkoa wa Arusha]], [[Tanzania]] yenye [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''23415'''. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 17,087 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Wakati wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 11,121 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Sensa ya 2012, Arusha - Monduli DC |accessdate=2016-05-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102080416/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2004-01-02 }}</ref> walioishi humo, wengi wakiwa [[Wamasai]]. Iko [[kaskazini]] kwa [[Mto wa Mbu]], karibu na [[barabara]] ya kwenda [[Oldonyo Lengai]]. ==Historia== Katika eneo lake yanapatikana [[maghofu]] maarufu ya [[ustaarabu]] wa [[zama za chuma]] ([[karne ya 15]] hadi katikati ya [[karne ya 18]]) ulioendeleza [[kilimo]] cha [[umwagiliaji]]<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Stump|first=Daryl|date=2006|title=The development and expansion of the field and irrigation systems at Engaruka, Tanzania|journal=Azania|volume=41|pages=69–94|doi=10.1080/00672700609480435}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Laulamaa|first=Vesa|date=2006|title=Estimation of the population of ancient Engaruka—a new approach|journal=Azania|volume=41|pages=95–102|doi=10.1080/00672700609480436}}</ref> pamoja na kuzuia [[mmomonyoko]] wa [[ardhi]] na kuiongezea [[samadi]]. [[Utafiti]] unaelekea kusema walikuwa maelfu ya [[watu]] wa [[jamii]] ya [[Kikushi]] kama [[Wairaqw]]<ref>Stump, Daryl. 2003. The soils of Engaruka: preliminary soil exhaustion tests on a pre-colonial agricultural landscape in Tanzania’, in P. Mitchell, A. Haour and J. Hobart (eds.) ''Researching Africa’s past: new contributions from British archaeologists''. pp. 101-109. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology.</ref><ref name="Finke">{{cite book|last=Finke|first=Jens|title=The Rough Guide to Tanzania|year=2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1858287836|pages=437–438|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16--sm53nX4C}}</ref><ref name="Matthiessen">{{cite book|last=Matthiessen|first=Peter|title=The Tree Where Man Was Born|url=https://archive.org/details/treewheremanwasb0000matt_l0x6|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Classics|isbn=978-0143106241|pages=[https://archive.org/details/treewheremanwasb0000matt_l0x6/page/275 275]–277}}</ref><ref>Seitsonen, Oula. 2005. ‘Stone Age observations in the Engaruka area’, in [http://safa.rice.edu/bulletin.cfm ''Nyame Akuma''] 63, 27-32.</ref>. Wakulima hao walijenga [[kijiji]] kwenye miteremko ya eneo la [[Bonde la Ufa]], ambacho kiilikuwa na maelfu ya watu. Walibuni mifumo bora na imara ya kilimo cha umwagiliaji; mifumo hiyo ilikuwa ikipitisha maji kutoka kwenye miinuko hadi kwenye matuta ya mazao.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Stump|first=Daryl|date=2006-01|title=The development and expansion of the field and irrigation systems at Engaruka, Tanzania|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672700609480435|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|language=en|volume=41|issue=1|pages=69–94|doi=10.1080/00672700609480435|issn=0067-270X}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Stump|first=Daryl|date=2006-01|title=The development and expansion of the field and irrigation systems at Engaruka, Tanzania|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672700609480435|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|language=en|volume=41|issue=1|pages=69–94|doi=10.1080/00672700609480435|issn=0067-270X}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Maeneo ya Kihistoria ya Kitaifa ya Tanzania]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * Nurse, Derek & Franz Rottland. 1991. ‘Sonjo: Description, Classification, History’, in ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'', 12/13, 171-289. * Westerberg, L.-O., Holmgren, K., Börjeson, L., Håkansson, N.T., Laulumaa, V., Ryner, M., and Öberg, H., 2010: The development of the ancient irrigation system at Engaruka, Northern Tanzania: Physical and societal factors. The Geographical Journal, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00370.x ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00162.html Engaruka] Collection of excerpts from different sources, by the nTZ, Northern Tanzania Information Resource * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/00/Engaruka.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Engaruka, Tanzania, United Rep. of] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/00/Engaruka.html |date=20180522043548 }} Weather graphs. {{Kata za Wilaya ya Monduli}} {{mbegu-jio-arusha}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Monduli]] [[Jamii:kata za Mkoa wa Arusha]] [[Jamii:WLMGWEI24]] bxq9yu5ec23lehzbij8j62kqr7y4wk0 0 23735 1582293 1502219 2026-07-28T18:06:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Eskişehircollage.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Mji wa Eskişehir]] '''Eskişehir''' (''eskē'shehēr'', [[Kituruki]]: Eskişehir, "Mji wa Kale"; [[Kilatini]] ''Dorylaeum''; [[Kigiriki]]: Δορύλαιον, [[Dorylaeum]]) ni jiji lililopo kaskazini-magharibi mwa ya [[Uturuki]] na ndiyo mji mkuu wa [[Jimbo la Eskişehir]]. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2008, idadi ya watu wanaoishi katika mji imekadiriwa kufikia kiasi cha 614,247 ambao 599,796 wanaishi katikati ya jiji la Eskişehir.<ref>[http://www.eskisehir.gov.tr/nufus.asp TC Eskişehir Valiliği – Nüfus Durumu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eskisehir.gov.tr/nufus.asp |date=20090228140327 }} {{tr icon}}</ref> Jiji lipo katika ukingo wa [[Mto Porsuk]], takriban mita 792 kutoka [[juu ya usawa wa bahari]], ambamo inatizama mapolomoko ya [[Phrygia]]. Katika vilima vya karibu kuna visima vya maji ya moto. Takriban km 250 kutoka jiji hapa kuelekea mjini magharibi mwa [[Ankara]], na km 350 kusini-mashariki ya jiji la [[Istanbul]] pia km 90 kutoka jiji hapa na kuelekea kaskazini-mashariki mwa mji wa [[Kütahya]]. Mji huu una eneo la kilomita za mraba zipatazo 2,678.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-12|author=Statoids|language=English}}</ref> == Historia == Jina la mji la Eskişehir linamaa ya ''Mji wa Kale'' kwa lugha ya [[Kituruki]], ingawa neno la kwanza la ''şehir'' linatokana na [[Kiajemi]] yaani neno ''shahr'' ([[Kiajemi]]: شهر), ina maana ya "mji". Mji hasa ulianzishwa na [[Waphrygia]] mnamo mwaka wa 1000 [[KK]]. Vinyago na masananmu mengi ya Waphrygia bado yanapatikana katika Majumba ya Sanaa ya Mambo ya Kale. Pia kuna majumba ya maonyesho ya mawe ya [[meerschaum]], ambazo shuhuli zake bado zinatamba hadi leo, ambavyo leo hii vinatumika kutengenezea [[kiko]] za kuvutia [[tumbaku]] zenye ubora hali ya juu. Mnamo karne ya nne AD, karibuni km 10 zilisogea kaskazini-mashariki mwa Karadja Hissar hadi Shehir Euyuk. Muda wowote mji ukiwa unatajwa na wanajigrafia wa kale, basi walikuwa wakiuelezea kama moja kati ya miji mizuri ya [[Anatolia]]. Kama jinsi ilivyo miji mingi ya [[Anatolia]], [[Ukristo]] ulifikia baada ya [[Konstantine Mkuu]] aliyefanya kama [[dini]] rasmi ya [[Dola la Rom]]. Kuanzia karne ya nne, rekodi zilizopo zinaonyesha kwamba maaskofu wameanza kumiliki maofisi yao mjini Eski؛ehir. Hapo zamani mji ulikuwa ukijulikana kama Dorylaeum. Miongoni mwa maaskofu hawa, alikuwepo [[Eusebius of Dorylaeum|Eusebius]], alikuwa akihusika sana na kuendeleza siri na itikadi ya kanisa. [[Picha:Avro_748_and_Sud_Aviation_Caravelle_at_Kinshasa_International.jpg|thumb|left|ESTRAM (Eski؛ehir's tram service)]] == Uchumi == ==Vivutio== == Elimu == ==Utamaduni== == Hali ya hewa == Eski؛ehir ni mji mkavu na wenye baridi, theuluji na joto, kiangazi. Mvua mara nyingi hutokea wakati bubujiko na kipupwe. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" |Months ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mei ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Ago ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" |Avr.Max. °C | style="background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;" | 3.9 | style="background: #DDDDDD; color:#000000;" | 6.2 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 11.2 | style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" | 16.4 | style="background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;" | 21.8 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 25.9 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 29.2 | style="background: #FF8000; color:#000000;" | 28.9 | style="background: #FFCC66; color:#000000;" | 25 | style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" | 19.8 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 12.4 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" | 5.5 |- ! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" |Avr.Min °C | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | -4.1 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | -3.9 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | -1.5 | style="background: #DDDDDD; color: black;" | 2.8 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;" | 6.9 | style="background: #FFFF99; color: black;" | 10.4 | style="background: #FFFF99; color: black;" | 13.1 | style="background: #FFFF99; color: black;" | 13 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;" | 8.4 | style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;" | 4.4 | style="background: #DDDDDD; color: black;" | 0.3 | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | -2 |} == Michezo == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! scope="col" | Klabu ! scope="col" | Michezo ! scope="col" | Imeazishwa ! scope="col" | Ligi ! scope="col" | Uwanja |- |[[Eski؛ehirspor]] |Mpira wa Miguu |1965 |Turkcell Super League (Turkish Premier Division) |[[Eski؛ehir Atatürk Stadium]] |- |[[Anadolu University]] | Mpira wa Kikapu |? |Turkish Basketball League 2 |[[Anadolu University Sports Hall]] |} == Watu mashuhuri == * [[Battal Gazi]] - mtakatifu mwislamu aliyezikwa [[Seyitgazi]] * [[Yunus Emre]] - karne ya 13 mshairi asilia wa Kituruki * [[Sheik Edebali]] - karne ya 13 kiongozi wa kidini, mwanzilishi wa dini ya [[Dola la Osmani]] * [[Behiç Erkin]] - Mturuki [[Oskar Schindler|Schindler]] aliyezaliwa mjini İstanbul, alizalikwa katika kituo cha treni cha mjini Eski؛ehir * [[Cüneyt Arkın]] - Nyota wa Filamu * [[Serpil اakmaklı]] - Nyota wa Filamu * [[Yılmaz Büyüker؛en]] - Meya wa Eski؛ehir * [[Zeki Sezer]] - Kiongozi wa [[DSP]] * [[İlhan Mansız]] - Mchezaji mpira wa miguu * [[Neslihan Demir Darnel]] - Mchezajiwa Volleyball * [[Ersan Ilyasova]] - Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu * [[Kerem Gِnlüm]] - Mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu * [[Azra AKIN]] - Mrembo wa Dunia * [[Ertugrul Algan PhD.]]- Mhadhiri, Mpiga picha, Mtunzi wa vitabu == Picha za mji huu == <gallery> Image:Camsanatlarimuzesi.jpg|<center>Museum of glassware arts</center> Image:Eski؛ehir odunpazarı evleri.jpg|<center>Old houses in Odunpazarı</center> Image:Eski؛ehir 8.7.2007 (72).jpg|<center>Mothers' Memorial</center> Image:Fiume Eskisehir.jpg|<center>A view from downtown</center> </gallery> == Tazama pia == * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Anadolu]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Eski؛ehir Osmangazi]] * [[Meerschaum]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Maelezo zaidi == * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/26/Eskisehir.html|title=Geographical information on Eski؛ehir, Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-03|author=[[FallingRain|Falling Rain Genomics, Inc]]|language=English}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web|url=http://www.eskisehir-bld.gov.tr/esk_taniyin/esk2.html|title=General information on Eski؛ehir|accessdate=2008-04-03|author=Municipality of Eski؛ehir, Turkey|language=English}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons category|Eski؛ehir}} * {{en icon}} {{wikivoyage}} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.eskisehir.gov.tr/ District governor's official website] ** [http://www.eskisehir.gov.tr/images/harita_merkez.jpg Map of Eski؛ehir central district] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eskisehir.gov.tr/images/harita_merkez.jpg |date=20090303211151 }} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.eskisehir-bld.gov.tr/ District municipality's official website] * {{tr icon}} [http://www.eskisehir.pol.tr Eski؛ehir Police Headquarters] * {{tr icon}} [http://www.eskisehirli.com Local information website] * {{tr icon}} [http://www.yenisehrim.com Local information website with Panaromic Photos] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yenisehrim.com/ |date=20200511072420 }} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.f-blog.info/galeri/eskisehir/ Eskişehir Photo Gallery] {{Wayback|url=http://www.f-blog.info/galeri/eskisehir/ |date=20100222033232 }} * {{tr icon}} http://www.ertugrulalgan.net {{Wayback|url=http://www.ertugrulalgan.net/ |date=20100108090856 }} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Ugiriki ya Kale]] asgzl3miu3cjc5rkunq36z5fde9yc4k 0 33443 1582284 1310502 2026-07-28T16:42:14Z Lupe 61016 +[[Justin Nsengiyumva]] 1582284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Politics of Rwanda}} Ukarasa huu una orodha ya [[Mawaziri Wakuu]] wa [[Rwanda]]. {| class="wikitable" !Muda wa Utawala !Mtawala !Kabila !Chama cha Kisiasa |- bgcolor="#ffffff" | colspan="4"|[[Jamhuri ya Rwanda|'''Jamhuri ya Rwanda''']] (Sehemu ya [[Ruanda-Urundi)]] |- | <small>28 Januari 1961 - 1 Julai 1962</small> | [[Grégoire Kayibanda]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Parmehutu]]</small> |- bgcolor="#ffffff" | colspan="4"|'''[[Jamhuri ya Rwanda]]''' (Nchi Huru) |- | colspan="4" align="center"|''Baada ya kukomeshwa (1 Julai 1962-12 Oktoba 1991)'' |- | <small>12 Oktoba 1991 - 2 Aprili 1992 </small> | [[Sylvestre Nsanzimana]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development]] (MRND)</small> |- | <small>2 Aprili 1992 - 18 Julai 1993 </small> | [[Dismas Nsengiyaremye]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR)</small> |- | <small>18 Julai 1993 - 7 Aprili 1994 </small> | [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR)</small> |- | <small>9 Aprili 1994 - 19 Julai 1994</small> | [[Jean Kambanda]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movementt]] (MDR)</small> |- | <small>19 Julai 1994 - 31 Agosti 1995</small> | [[Faustin Twagiramungu]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR)</small> |- | <small>31 Agosti 1995 - 8 Machi 2000 </small> | [[Rwigema Pierre-Célestin]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR)</small> |- | <small>8 Machi 2000 - 2011 </small> | [[Bernard Makuza]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR) / sio chama</small> |- | <small>8 Machi 2011 - 2014</small> | [[Pierre-Damien Habumuremyi]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR) / sio chama</small> |- | <small>2014 - 2017</small> | [[Anastase Murekezi]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR) / sio chama</small> |- | <small>2017 - 2025</small> | [[Édouard Ngirente]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small> | <small>[[Hutu]]</small> | <small>[[Democratic Republican Movement]] (MDR) / sio chama</small> |- | <small>2025 - hadi sasa</small> | [[Justin Nsengiyumva]], <small>Waziri Mkuu</small><ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/28373/news/politics/justin-nsengiyumva-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-vows-to-prioritize-citizen-welfare Justin Nsengiyumva sworn in as Prime Minister, vows to prioritize citizen welfare], The New Times</ref> | |} == Angalia Pia == * [[Orodha ya Wafalme wa Rwanda]] * [[Orodha ya Marais wa Rwanda]] * [[Orodha ya viongozi]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Hoja Kuhusu Rwanda}} {{Heads of government of African states}} [[Jamii:Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu|Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Serikali ya Rwanda]] 9dt9ekc96drty34827uidj355b9cohd 0 34877 1582277 1190456 2026-07-28T14:45:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Embakasi''' ni [[mtaa]] wa [[Nairobi]], [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Kenya]]. Uko mashariki mwa katikati ya jiji. Ni mtaa wa makazi na wengi wa raia wanaoishi humo ni wa mapato ya daraja la pili la wastani. Ni [[kata]] ya [[eneo bunge la Embakasi Mashariki]], [[kaunti ya Nairobi]]. [[Uwanja wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta]], uwanja wa ndege mkuu Nairobi uko Embakasi na ulijulikana kama ''Embakasi Airport'' wakati ulipofunguliwa mwaka wa 1958. == Tarafa ya Embakasi == Embakasi pia ni jina la utawala la [[tarafa]] mjini Nairobi. Imegawanywa katika maeneo yafuatayo (sensa ya 1999)<ref> International Livestock Research Institute: [http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/html/Urban%20Poverty%20all%20Kenya%20Province%20through%20Location%20Final.xls Urban Poverty Estimates For Kenya's Provinces, Districts, Kitengo na Locations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ilri.cgiar.org/html/Urban%20Poverty%20all%20Kenya%20Province%20through%20Location%20Final.xls |date=20110718022538 }}</ref> *[[Dandora]] *Embakasi *[[Kariobangi South]] *[[Kayole]] *[[Mukuru]] [[Kwa Njenga]] *[[Njiru]] *[[Ruai]] *[[Umoja, Nairobi|Umoja]] ==Tukio== Katika masaa ya asubuhi ya 27 Januari 2008, Mbunge wa [[Eneo Bunge la Embakasi]], Mugabe Were alipigwa risasi na washambulizi wawili na kufa. Kulingana na taarifa za habari, Mugabe alikuwa tu amewasili katika boma yake wakati aliposhambuliwa akiwa bado katika gari lake, kabla ya lango kufunguliwa. Mugabe alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Orange Democratic Movement]], chama cha upinzani nchini Kenya. Uvumi kuhusu uwezekano wa mauaji haya kuwa ya kisiasa bado unazingira kifo hiki katika mgogoro uliotokea kuhusu uchaguzi wa rais wa tarehe 27 Desemba 2007<ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSWAL22103220080129</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7214558.stm</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/5/Embakasi.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 177m (alama nyekundu ni reli)]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{coord|1|18|S|36|55|E|region:KE_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} {{nairobi}} {{mbegu-jio-Kenya}} [[Jamii:Mitaa ya Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Kata za Kenya]] [[Jamii:kaunti ya Nairobi]] 0vzww0y3xnhpjjxh3skq5a364yeqkbo 0 132114 1582352 1343639 2026-07-29T11:53:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Guy Loando Mboyo |image = Guy Loando (Politician).jpg |alt = Seneta Guy Loando Mboyo |caption = [[14 Septemba]] [[2020]] |order = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo Senata<br/> |office = Seneta wa Tshuapa |vicepresident = |term_start = {{Start date|2019|5|14}} |term_end = Sasa |predecessor = |successor = |jr/sr2 = |state2 = |term_start2 = |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = |successor2 = |office3 = [[Mkurugenzi]] wa [[Widal Foundation]] |term_start3 = Septemba 2018 |term_end3 = Sasa |predecessor3 = |successor3 = |birth_name = Guy Loando Mboyo |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|2|5}} |birth_place = [[Bokungu]], [[Tshuapa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo, J.K.]] |nationality = Mkongo |party = Independante |parents = Mboyo Loando Pierre<br>Bompongo Mpetshi Marie |relations = |spouse = [[Déborah Linda Loando]] |children = 3 |residence = [[Kinshasa]] |alma_mater = [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa]] |profession = [[Mwanasheria]]<br>[[Mwanasiasa]]<br>[[Seneta]]<br>[[Mkurugenzi]]<br>[[Mwandishi]] |religion = [[Ukristo]] |blank1 = Awards |data1 = Diploma ya sifa |signature = |signature_alt = |website = [http://www.fondationwidal.org/ fondationwidal.org]<br>[http://cabglm.com cabglm.com] }} '''Guy Loando Mboyo''' (alizaliwa [[Bokungu]], [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|jimbo la Tshuapa]], zamani Grand-Équateur, huko [[Zaire]], sasa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[5 Februari]] [[1983]]) ni [[mwanasheria]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] na mwanzilishi wa ''[[Widal Foundation]].''<ref name="R22">[https://7sur7.cd/drc-via-sa-fondation-widal-le-senateur-loando-veut-ameliorer-le-social-des-habitants-de-la-tshuapa "RDC: via sa Fondation WIDAL, le sénateur Loando veut améliorer le social des habitants de la Tshuapa et des congolais en général"], ''7sur7.CD'', le 16 septembre 2019 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R25"/> Amechaguliwa seneta kwa jimbo la [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] tangu mwaka 2019.<ref name="R24">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgZZylrM_TU "L'INTERVIEW - RD Congo : Guy Loando, Sénateur"], ''Africa 24'', le 29 mai 2019 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R11">[https://profngumbi.net/read.php?keys=1867315523&titre=Guy_Loando_Mboyo,_le_dynamisme_au_rendez-vous_du_S%C3%A9nat_! "GUY LOANDO MBOYO, LE DYNAMISME AU RENDEZ-VOUS DU SéNAT !"] {{Wayback|url=https://profngumbi.net/read.php?keys=1867315523&titre=Guy_Loando_Mboyo,_le_dynamisme_au_rendez-vous_du_S%C3%A9nat_! |date=20210415012611 }}, ''Blog du professeur Ngumbi'', 18 juillet 2019 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> == Wasifu == Guy Loando Mboyo alikuwa mwanachama wa Harakati Katoliki inayoitwa kwa kawaida [[Kizito]]-[[Klementina Anuarite|Anuarite]].<ref name="R25"/><ref name="R24"/> Akiwa bado mtoto, familia yake ilihamia [[Mbandaka]] (katika mkoa wa Equateur) ambapo [[baba]] yake, [[Mauti|marehemu]] [[Mboyo Loando Pierre]], alihamishiwa kuchukua majukumu ya mratibu wa mkoa wa shule za [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Guy Loando alipata diploma yake katika ''Shule ya Maombi ya Mbandaka'' (''École d’application de Mbandaka,'' kwa kifupi ''EDAP'') mwaka 2001 na akaenda [[Kinshasa]] kuendelea [[Chuo Kikuu|masomo]] yake ya [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa]] (wakati huo ''Chuo Kikuu cha Lovanium'') katika [[Sheria|kitivo cha sheria]], chaguo Sheria ya ''kiuchumi na kijamii''.<ref name="R25">[https://www.fondationwidal.org/site/fondateur.php "Guy Loando Mboyo, Sénateur et fondateur de la Fondation Widal"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.fondationwidal.org/site/fondateur.php |date=20210417175038 }}, ''[[Fondation Widal]]'' (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R11"/> === Kazi === Mhitimu wa sheria ya uchumi na kijamii kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa]], Guy Loando Mboyo alianza kazi yake kama [[Mwanasheria|wakili]] katika [[Mgodi|sekta]] ya [[mgodi]], sheria za [[biashara]] na [[Mkopo (fedha)|uwekezaji binafsi]]. Kama [[mwanasheria]] na mshauri wa sheria, alipata mawasiliano muhimu katika kiwango cha kitaifa na kimataifa ambacho kilimruhusu kujitambulisha na ulimwengu wa biashara.<ref name="R21">[https://afrique.lalibre.be/51614/rdcongo-or-polemique-autour-dun-pactole-de-9-milliards-de-dollars/ "RDCONGo: Polemique d'or autour d'un pactole de 9 milliards de dollars"], ''La Libre Afrique'', le 21 juin 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R10">[https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-67749_l_apres_covid_19_se_prepare_des_maintenant_tribune_de_l_honorable_senateur_guy_loando_mboyo.html ""L’après covid-19 se prépare dès maintenant !" (Tribune de l’Honorable Sénateur Guy LOANDO MBOYO)"], ''MediaCongo.NET'', 24 avril 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> Guy Loando Mboyo alichaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa seneta wa Aprili 2019 katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], seneta wa jimbo la [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]].<ref name="R13">[https://zoom-eco.net/a-la-une/rdc-le-senat-examine-la-proposition-de-loi-loando-sur-la-recherche-scientifique-2/ "RDC : le Sénat examine la proposition de Loi « Loando » sur la recherche scientifique"], ''Zoom-Eco.NET'', 28 novembre 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> Alichapisha safu yake yenye jina "''Baada la COVID-19 inajiandaa sasa !''" (''l’Après COVID-19 se prépare dès maintenant !)''<ref name="R10"/> na Novemba 2020 , alichapisha kitabu chake cha kwanza " ''Kongo baada : Inahitaji mabadiliko ya kozi baada ya Covid-19'' ” (''Le Congo d'après : Nécessité d'un changement de cap post-Covid-19)'' iliyochapishwa na L'Harmattan.<ref name="R02">[https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=auteurs&obj=artiste&no=39219 "Guy Loando Mboyo dans les editions Harmattan"], ''[[éditions L'Harmattan]]'' (consulte le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R05">[https://zoom-eco.net/a-la-une/rdc-le-congo-dapres-ouvrage-de-guy-loando-edite-par-lharmattan-exhorte-a-un-sursaut-regenerateur/ "RDC : « Le Congo d’après… », ouvrage de Guy Loando édité par l’Harmattan exhorte à un sursaut régénérateur"], ''Zoom-Eco.NET'', 14 décembre 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> == Widal Foundation == {{main|Widal Foundation}} Kupitia muundo huu wa kibinadamu ''[[Widal Foundation]]'', iliyoundwa mnamo Septemba 2018 na mkewe [[Deborah Linda Loando|Déborah Linda Loando]], anafuata dhamira yake ya kuwa katika huduma ya wengine kabisa kwa kusaidia kupunguza [[umaskini]]<ref name="R12">[https://actu30.cd/2020/05/mbandaka-covid-19-le-senateur-guy-loando-mboyo-offre-50-000-masques-a-la-population/ "Mbandaka/Covid-19 : Le sénateur Guy Loando Mboyo offre 50.000 masques à la population"] {{Wayback|url=https://actu30.cd/2020/05/mbandaka-covid-19-le-senateur-guy-loando-mboyo-offre-50-000-masques-a-la-population/ |date=20240725134911 }}, ''Actu30 Magazine'', le 16 mai 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref>, kwa kusaidia maelfu [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Wakongo]] ambao wanahitaji kupata musaada katika maisha.<ref name="R03">[https://actualite.cd/2020/05/16/mbandaka-le-senateur-guy-loando-mboyo-offre-50000-masques-de-protection-pour-lutter "Mbandaka : Le Sénateur Guy Loando Mboyo offre 50.000 masques de protection, pour lutter contre le Covid-19"], ''[[Actualite.cd]]'', 16 mai 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R07">[https://www.radiookapi.net/2020/04/24/actualite/politique/senateur-guy-loando-le-coronavirus-est-une-opportunite-pour "Sénateur Guy Loando : « Le Coronavirus est une opportunité pour transformer en profondeur notre Pays »"], ''[[Radio Okapi]]'', le 24 avril 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> [[Jumapili]] [[5 Mei]] 2019 katika manispaa ya Limete ([[Kinshasa]]) wakati wa uzinduzi rasmi wa msingi huo, Guy Loando anaelezea malengo na dhamira ambayo ni kusaidia walio hatarini zaidi katika jamii ya Kongo kwa kuwafundisha kuwa [[Ujasiriamali|wafanyabiashara]], kwa kushirikiana na washirika wa kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref name="R16">[https://actualite.cd/2020/01/13/rdc-le-senateur-guy-loando-sengage-aider-lentreprenariat-des-jeunes-travers-la-fondation "RDC : Le sénateur Guy Loando s’engage à aider l’entreprenariat des jeunes à travers la fondation Widal"], ''[[Actualite.cd]]'', le 13 janvier 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R23">[https://actualite.cd/2020/02/01/kinshasa-pour-lutter-contre-la-pauvrete-long-widal-fondation-appuie-un-projet-de "Kinshasa : pour lutter contre la pauvreté, l'ONG Widal Fondation appuie un projet de formation en métier de cirage des chaussures"], ''[[Actualite.cd]]'', le 01 février 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R14">[https://zoom-eco.net/a-la-une/kinshasa-guy-loando-ouvre-le-premier-widal-training-center-pour-doter-aux-jeunes-des-competences-professionnelles/ "Kinshasa : Guy Loando ouvre le premier Widal Training Center pour doter aux jeunes des compétences professionnelles"], ''Zoom-Eco.NET'', 09 novembre 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> == Maisha ya binafsi == Guy Loando ni [[mwanasheria]], [[mkurugenzi]] wa kampuni ya mwanasheria wa biashara na wanasheria katika migodi na uchimbaji mawe inayojulikana kama "GLM & Associates" mjini [[Kinshasa]], [[msimamizi]] wa makampuni na [[Rais|mwenyekiti]] wa ''[[Widal Foundation]]''.<ref name="R17">[https://scooprdc.net/2020/01/19/education-lapport-du-senateur-guy-loando-mboyo-sauve-la-jeunesse-de-lequateur/ "Education : l’apport du Sénateur Guy Loando Mboyo sauve la jeunesse de l’Equateur"], ''Scooprdc.NET'', le 19 janvier 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref><ref name="R18">[https://laprosperite.online/index.php/societe/3461-fondation-widal-le-senateur-guy-loando-lance-officiellement-la-bourse-pierre-loando-mboyo "Fondation Widal : le Sénateur Guy Loando lance officiellement la bourse ‘’Pierre Loando Mboyo’’"] {{Wayback|url=https://laprosperite.online/index.php/societe/3461-fondation-widal-le-senateur-guy-loando-lance-officiellement-la-bourse-pierre-loando-mboyo |date=20210413214028 }}, ''La Prosperite Online'', le 10 novembre 2019 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> Yeye ni seneta tangu 2019 kwa jimbo la [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa|Tshuapa]] katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]].<ref name="R11"/> Ameowa [[Deborah Linda Loando|Déborah Linda Loando]] (alizaliwa ''Bobo Elite Linda'') na ni baba wa watoto watatu, wakiwemo wasichana wawili na mvulana.<ref name="R25"/> == Vitabu == * "''L'Après Covid-19 se prépare dès maintenant !'' ", Aprili 24, 2020.<ref name="R10"/> * ''Le Congo d'après : Nécessité d'un changement de cap post-Covid-19'', matoleo ya L'Harmattan Novemba 18, 2020 (ISBN 978-2-343-21547-1).<ref name="R02"/> == Tuzo == * ''Diploma ya sifa'', iliyotolewa na ''Ligi'' ya ''Kitaifa ya Anamongos'' (''Ligue Nationale des Anamongo,'' kwa kifupi ''LINA'') Desemba 6, 2020.<ref name="R09">[https://depeche.cd/2020/12/06/rdc-kinshasa-guy-loando-honore-par-la-ligue-nationale-des-anamongos/ "RDC-Kinshasa: Guy Loando honoré par la Ligue Nationale des Anamongos"] {{Wayback|url=https://depeche.cd/2020/12/06/rdc-kinshasa-guy-loando-honore-par-la-ligue-nationale-des-anamongos/ |date=20201206080703 }}, ''Depeche.CD'', 06 décembre 2020 (consulté le 01 janvier 2021)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|https://cabglm.com/le-cabinet/}} * [https://twitter.com/GuyLoando_ Guy Loando Mboyo] kwenye [[Twitter]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Guy Loando Mboyo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Senati (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo)]] [[Jamii:Guy Loando Mboyo]] glthpfkp9oe8vt46ztgni3uvkz5zw3b 0 142685 1582348 1451211 2026-07-29T11:09:28Z ~2026-42067-63 91260 Nimeongeza jina 1582348 wikitext text/x-wiki Orodha hii inaonyesha baadhi ya [[waandishi]] wa [[Tanzania]] pamoja na [[kazi]] zao. * [[Agoro Anduru]] (1948–1992), mwandishi wa [[riwaya]] fupi * [[Fadhy Mtanga]] (1981– ), mwandishi wa riwaya na mpiga [[picha]] * [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] (1948– ), mwandishi wa riwaya * [[Ebrahim N. Hussein]] (1943– ), mwandishi wa michezo na [[insha]] pamoja na mfasiri * [[Prince Kagwema]] (1931– ), [[mtunzi]] wa riwaya * [[Euphrase Kezilahabi]] (1944–2020), mtunzi wa riwaya na [[Ushairi|mshairi]] * [[Ben Owden]] * [[Jacqueline Massawe]], mshairi<ref>[http://www.theafronews.eu/cover_stories-jacqueline_kibacha_social_justice_poet_and_activist_1585.html Jacqueline Kibacha, social justice poet and activist] https://web.archive.org/web/20110313075832/http://www.theafronews.eu/cover_stories-jacqueline_kibacha_social_justice_poet_and_activist_1585.html |date=13 March 2011 }}.''The AfroNews'', 15 December 2009.</ref>. * [[Aniceti Kitereza]] (1896–1981), mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Elieshi Lema]] (1949– ), mwandishi wa riwaya <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/46-tow-2013/207-elieshi-lema-tanzania |title=Elieshi Lema (Tanzania) |publisher=Centre for Creative Arts |accessdate=2015-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624071348/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/46-tow-2013/207-elieshi-lema-tanzania |archive-date=24 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Amandina Lihamba]] (1944– ), playwright<ref>'Lihamba, Amandina', in Simon Gikandi & Evan Mwangi, ''The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945'', pp. 94–5.</ref> * [[Ismael R. Mbise]], mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Penina Muhando]] (1948– ), playwright<ref>Lee Nichols, ''Conversations with African Writers: interviews with twenty-six African authors'', 1981, pp. 139ff.</ref>. * [[Sandra A. Mushi]], fiction writer, mshairi<ref>[http://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=1 Profiled] {{Wayback|url=http://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=1 |date=20120313123920 }} in ''Soma Magazine''</ref>. * [[Elvis Musiba]] (alifariki 2010), mwandishi wa riwaya za [[Kiswahili]]<ref>Judica Tarimo, [http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/?l=22747 EA Community mourns Musiba], ''IPP Media'', 4 November 2010.</ref>. * [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]] (1949– ), mwandishi * [[Christopher Richard Mwashinga]] (1965– ), mshairi na mwandishi wa insha * [[Ras Nas]], mshairi na [[mwanamuziki]] * [[Julius Nyerere]] (1922–1999), mwandishi na mfasiri * [[Nancy Sumari]] (2013–2020), mwandishi wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] vya [[Mtoto|watoto]] <ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/success/MEET-THE-AUTHOR--Writing-for-a-future-generation/1843788-2431250-yvti4p/index.html MEET THE AUTHOR: Writing for a future generation]</ref>. * [[Peter Palangyo]] (1939–1993), mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Hammie Rajab]], mwandishi wa riwaya za Kiswahili<ref>Mikhail D. Gromov, [http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/SwaFo/SF_15_02_Gromov.pdf Swahili Popular Literature in Recent Years] https://web.archive.org/web/20110929150240/http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/SwaFo/SF_15_02_Gromov.pdf |date=29 September 2011 }}, ''Swahili Forum'' 15 (2008):5–13</ref>. * [[Shaaban Robert]] (1909–1962), mshairi na mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Emily Ruete]] (1844–1924) * [[Gabriel Ruhumbika]] (1938– ), mtunzi wa riwaya na masimulizi * [[Edwin Semzaba]], mtunzi wa riwaya, [[mwigizaji]] na muongozaji * [[Shaaban Robert]] (1902–1962), mshairi, mwandishi wa insha na wa vitabu * [[Shafi Adam Shafi]], mtunzi wa riwaya za Kiswahili <ref>Xavier Garnier, ''Le roman swahili: la notion de littérature mineure à l'épreuve'', 2006, p. 122.</ref> * [[Erica Sugo Anyadike]], mwandishi na mtunzi wa masimulizi mafupi * [[Simon Rieber]], mwandishi na [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]] * [[Josephs Quartzy]], mwandishi na mwigizaji * [[Nahida Esmail]], mwandishi na mtunzi wa masimulizi mafupi<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/success/nahida-esmail-on-writing-books-2587196,</ref> * [[Daniel Mbega]], mwandishi, mchapishaji na mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Daudi Lubeleje]], mwandishi na msanifu wa kazi za uandishi * [[Richard Richard Mwambe]] (2012-), mwandishi na mtunzi wa riwaya za kipelelezi * [[Suleiman A. Kijogoo]], mwandishi wa vitabu vya saikolojia ya maisha, riwaya na vitabu vya shuleni * Gwamaka Mwamasage, mwandishi na mtunzi wa riwaya * Bashiru Abdallah, mwandishi wa mashairi ya Kiswahili ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-lugha}} [[Jamii:Orodha za watu]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Tanzania]] rc2x1s87f5y1od7dphm0kmkc0ekmc4k 1582349 1582348 2026-07-29T11:11:27Z ~2026-42067-63 91260 Nimeongeza link akam reference 1582349 wikitext text/x-wiki Orodha hii inaonyesha baadhi ya [[waandishi]] wa [[Tanzania]] pamoja na [[kazi]] zao. * [[Agoro Anduru]] (1948–1992), mwandishi wa [[riwaya]] fupi * [[Fadhy Mtanga]] (1981– ), mwandishi wa riwaya na mpiga [[picha]] * [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] (1948– ), mwandishi wa riwaya * [[Ebrahim N. Hussein]] (1943– ), mwandishi wa michezo na [[insha]] pamoja na mfasiri * [[Prince Kagwema]] (1931– ), [[mtunzi]] wa riwaya * [[Euphrase Kezilahabi]] (1944–2020), mtunzi wa riwaya na [[Ushairi|mshairi]] * [[Ben Owden]] * [[Jacqueline Massawe]], mshairi<ref>[http://www.theafronews.eu/cover_stories-jacqueline_kibacha_social_justice_poet_and_activist_1585.html Jacqueline Kibacha, social justice poet and activist] https://web.archive.org/web/20110313075832/http://www.theafronews.eu/cover_stories-jacqueline_kibacha_social_justice_poet_and_activist_1585.html |date=13 March 2011 }}.''The AfroNews'', 15 December 2009.</ref>. * [[Aniceti Kitereza]] (1896–1981), mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Elieshi Lema]] (1949– ), mwandishi wa riwaya <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/46-tow-2013/207-elieshi-lema-tanzania |title=Elieshi Lema (Tanzania) |publisher=Centre for Creative Arts |accessdate=2015-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624071348/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/46-tow-2013/207-elieshi-lema-tanzania |archive-date=24 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Amandina Lihamba]] (1944– ), playwright<ref>'Lihamba, Amandina', in Simon Gikandi & Evan Mwangi, ''The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945'', pp. 94–5.</ref> * [[Ismael R. Mbise]], mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Penina Muhando]] (1948– ), playwright<ref>Lee Nichols, ''Conversations with African Writers: interviews with twenty-six African authors'', 1981, pp. 139ff.</ref>. * [[Sandra A. Mushi]], fiction writer, mshairi<ref>[http://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=1 Profiled] {{Wayback|url=http://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=1 |date=20120313123920 }} in ''Soma Magazine''</ref>. * [[Elvis Musiba]] (alifariki 2010), mwandishi wa riwaya za [[Kiswahili]]<ref>Judica Tarimo, [http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/?l=22747 EA Community mourns Musiba], ''IPP Media'', 4 November 2010.</ref>. * [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]] (1949– ), mwandishi * [[Christopher Richard Mwashinga]] (1965– ), mshairi na mwandishi wa insha * [[Ras Nas]], mshairi na [[mwanamuziki]] * [[Julius Nyerere]] (1922–1999), mwandishi na mfasiri * [[Nancy Sumari]] (2013–2020), mwandishi wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] vya [[Mtoto|watoto]] <ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/success/MEET-THE-AUTHOR--Writing-for-a-future-generation/1843788-2431250-yvti4p/index.html MEET THE AUTHOR: Writing for a future generation]</ref>. * [[Peter Palangyo]] (1939–1993), mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Hammie Rajab]], mwandishi wa riwaya za Kiswahili<ref>Mikhail D. Gromov, [http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/SwaFo/SF_15_02_Gromov.pdf Swahili Popular Literature in Recent Years] https://web.archive.org/web/20110929150240/http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/SwaFo/SF_15_02_Gromov.pdf |date=29 September 2011 }}, ''Swahili Forum'' 15 (2008):5–13</ref>. * [[Shaaban Robert]] (1909–1962), mshairi na mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Emily Ruete]] (1844–1924) * [[Gabriel Ruhumbika]] (1938– ), mtunzi wa riwaya na masimulizi * [[Edwin Semzaba]], mtunzi wa riwaya, [[mwigizaji]] na muongozaji * [[Shaaban Robert]] (1902–1962), mshairi, mwandishi wa insha na wa vitabu * [[Shafi Adam Shafi]], mtunzi wa riwaya za Kiswahili <ref>Xavier Garnier, ''Le roman swahili: la notion de littérature mineure à l'épreuve'', 2006, p. 122.</ref> * [[Erica Sugo Anyadike]], mwandishi na mtunzi wa masimulizi mafupi * [[Simon Rieber]], mwandishi na [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]] * [[Josephs Quartzy]], mwandishi na mwigizaji * [[Nahida Esmail]], mwandishi na mtunzi wa masimulizi mafupi<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/success/nahida-esmail-on-writing-books-2587196,</ref> * [[Daniel Mbega]], mwandishi, mchapishaji na mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Daudi Lubeleje]], mwandishi na msanifu wa kazi za uandishi * [[Richard Richard Mwambe]] (2012-), mwandishi na mtunzi wa riwaya za kipelelezi * [[Suleiman A. Kijogoo]], mwandishi wa vitabu vya saikolojia ya maisha, riwaya na vitabu vya shuleni * Gwamaka Mwamasage, mwandishi na mtunzi wa riwaya * Bashiru Abdallah, mwandishi wa mashairi ya Kiswahili ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}}11. https://mkukinanyota.com/product/bure-ghali-ushairi/?srsltid=AfmBOor01IYiY33bSISoYFHru239NWwHVDR1OyoUGp_th4EDmKbu2_wN<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bure Ghali – Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers|url=https://mkukinanyota.com/product/bure-ghali-ushairi/|accessdate=2026-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Mbegu-lugha}} [[Jamii:Orodha za watu]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Tanzania]] a4abb700qfqg2ibj3w7gvuqbiirlk1f 0 151762 1582294 1238055 2026-07-28T18:11:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582294 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Images by the Nile No 329..JPG|thumb|Nile No 329]] '''Esna''' ([[Kiarabu]]: إنا IPA: [ˈʔesnæ], [[Misri]] ya zamani: jwny.t au tꜣ-snt<ref>https://bookdown.org/shemanefer/Esna2/</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20050411175648/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/afrika/aegypten/esna_tempel.htm</nowiki></ref>; Kikoptiki: ⲥⲛⲏ au ⲉⲥⲛⲏ snē kutoka tꜣ-snt<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/23/Isna.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-11 |archive-date=2007-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618084550/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/23/Isna.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>; [koinē Greek: λαthingόλ λ ς π λ λ )<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20101010235417/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/932/feature.htm</nowiki></ref>; Kilatini: Lato), ni [[jiji]] la [[Misri]], Uko kwenye ukingo wa [[magharibi]] wa [[Nile]] takriban kilomita 55 [[kusini]] mwa [[Luxor]]. Mji huu hapo awali ulikuwa sehemu ya [[Gavana]] wa [[Mkoa wa Qena|Qena]] wa kisasa, lakini kufikia tarehe 9 Desemba 2009, ulijumuishwa katika Jimbo mpya la [[Luxor]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-Misri}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] rjwkkmc99lhfq2qo3yuqev934n8gtwt 1582305 1582294 2026-07-28T19:58:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Images by the Nile No 329..JPG|thumb|Nile No 329]] '''Esna''' ([[Kiarabu]]: إنا IPA: [ˈʔesnæ], [[Misri]] ya zamani: jwny.t au tꜣ-snt<ref>https://bookdown.org/shemanefer/Esna2/</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20050411175648/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/afrika/aegypten/esna_tempel.htm</nowiki></ref>; Kikoptiki: ⲥⲛⲏ au ⲉⲥⲛⲏ snē kutoka tꜣ-snt<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/23/Isna.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-06-11 |archive-date=2007-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618084550/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/EG/23/Isna.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>; [koinē Greek: λαthingόλ λ ς π λ λ )<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20101010235417/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/932/feature.htm</nowiki></ref>; Kilatini: Lato), ni [[jiji]] la [[Misri]], Uko kwenye ukingo wa [[magharibi]] wa [[Nile]] takriban kilomita 55 [[kusini]] mwa [[Luxor]]. Mji huu hapo awali ulikuwa sehemu ya [[Gavana]] wa [[Mkoa wa Qena|Qena]] wa kisasa, lakini kufikia tarehe 9 Desemba 2009, ulijumuishwa katika Jimbo mpya la [[Luxor]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-Misri}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] 9ufkembqqox85m22c6adhrcl4lwkzdp 2 191247 1582258 1582250 2026-07-28T12:23:27Z FurahaKamili3 68209 1582258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kulia|thumb|300x300px|[[Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu]] huko [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ndicho chombo cha juu kabisa cha Wabaháʼí]]Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni dini iliyoanzishwa katika karne ya 19 inayofundisha umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Ilianzishwa na [[Baháʼu'lláh]], na ilienea kwanza nchini Iran na katika baadhi ya maeneo ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambako imekabiliwa na mateso ya kudumu tangu mwanzo wake.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Wafuasi wa dini hii huitwa Wabaháʼí, na leo wameenea katika nchi na maeneo mengi duniani'''.''' Kwa mujibu wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, dini zote kuu za ulimwengu zina chanzo kimoja cha kiungu. Katika nyakati tofauti za historia, Mungu amewatuma wajumbe mbalimbali kuwaletea wanadamu mwongozo unaolingana na mahitaji ya wakati wao. Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu kwa wakati huu, ambaye ujumbe wake unalenga kuunganisha wanadamu wote. Katika maandiko yake, anaeleza kwamba "dunia yote ni nchi moja na Binadamu ni raia wake." == Imani ya Kibahá'í == Mafundisho ya [[Bahaʼullah|Baháʼu'lláh]] ndiyo msingi wa imani ya Kibaháʼí. Kiini cha mafundisho hayo ni kanuni tatu: umoja wa Mungu, umoja wa dini, na umoja wa binadamu. Wabaháʼí wanaamini kwamba Mungu hufunua mapenzi yake kwa wanadamu hatua kwa hatua kupitia wadhihirishaji wake. Kupitia ufunuo huo, tabia ya mwanadamu na maisha ya jamii hubadilishwa, na sifa za kiroho na kimaadili hukuzwa. Kwa sababu hiyo, dini hueleweka kuwa mchakato wa ufunuo uendeleao, unaoleta mwendelezo, mpangilio, na umoja katika historia ya binadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=108–109}} === Mungu === Kulingana na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu hufafanuliwa kuwa mmoja, wa milele, ajuaye yote, aliyepo kila mahali, asiyoharibika, na mwenye nguvu zote ambaye ni Muumba wa vitu vyote katika ulimwengu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106}} Kuwepo kwa Mungu huchukuliwa kuwa kwa milele, bila mwanzo wala mwisho. Ingawa Mungu yuko nje ya ufikivu wa moja kwa moja wa mwanadamu, bado anafahamu uumbaji wake na ana mapenzi na kusudi ambalo hulieleza kwa wanadamu kupitia Wajumbe wake wanaoitwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=106–107, 111–112}} Dhana ya Mungu katika imani ya Kibaháʼí ni ya "asili isiyojulikana" ambayo ndiyo chanzo cha uwepo wote na inayotambulika kupitia ufahamu wa sifa za kibinadamu. [nukuu inahitajika] Kwa maana nyingine, mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu Mungu pia yana mwelekeo wa kuona ishara za Mungu katika vitu vyote, lakini yanafundisha kwamba uhalisi wa Mungu uko juu ya ulimwengu wa kimwili. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanasema kwamba Mungu ni mkuu kiasi kwamba mwanadamu hawezi kumwelewa kikamilifu, na kwa msingi huo mwanadamu hawezi kujijengea mwenyewe taswira kamili na sahihi ya Mungu. Kwa hiyo, kumjua Mungu kunawezekana tu kupitia kwa Wadhihirishaji wake, na ufahamu wa kusudi lake na mapenzi yake hupatikana pia kupitia kwao tu.{{sfn|Cole|1982}} Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, Mungu mara nyingi hurejelewa kwa vyeo na sifa zake (kwa mfano, Mwenye nguvu zote, au Mwenye upendo kwa wote), na kuna msisitizo mkubwa juu ya umoja wa Mungu mmoja. Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí yanaeleza kwamba sifa hizi hazitumiki kwa Mungu kwa namna ya moja kwa moja, bali hutumiwa kutafsiri uungu kwa lugha ya kibinadamu na kuwasaidia watu kuelekeza fikra zao kwenye sifa zake katika kumwabudu Mungu ili kukuza uwezo wao katika njia yao ya kiroho.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} Kulingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la mwanadamu ni kujifunza kumjua na kumpenda Mungu kwa njia kama vile sala, tafakari, na kuwatumikia wengine.{{sfn|Hatcher|2005}} === Dini === Kutokana na dhana ya Kibaháʼí ya ufunuo uendeleao, Dini zote kuu za ulimwengu ni halali, ambazo waasisi na wahusika wake wakuu huonwa kuwa Wadhihirishaji wa Mungu.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=14}} Historia ya dini hufasiriwa kama mfululizo wa vipindi, ambapo kila Mdhihirishaji huleta ufunuo ulio mpana zaidi na ulioendelea zaidi, unaowasilishwa kama maandiko matakatifu na kupitishwa katika historia kwa kutegemewa kwa viwango tofauti, lakini angalau ukiwa wa kweli katika kiini chake,{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=40–42}} na unaofaa kwa wakati na mahali ulipofunuliwa.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Mafundisho maalumu ya kijamii ya kidini (kwa mfano, mwelekeo wa sala, au vizuizi vya chakula) yanaweza kufutwa na Mdhihirishaji anayefuata ili hitaji linalofaa zaidi kwa wakati na mahali liweze kuwekwa. Kinyume chake, kanuni fulani za jumla (kwa mfano, udugu, au hisani) huonwa kuwa za ulimwengu wote na thabiti. Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, mchakato huu wa ufunuo endelevu hautakoma; hata hivyo, huonwa kuwa wa mzunguko. === Agano === Wabaháʼí wanatilia mkazo sana umoja, na Baháʼu'lláh aliweka wazi sheria za kuifanya jumuiya ibaki pamoja na kutatua kutokukubaliana. Ndani ya mfumo huu hakuna mfuasi yeyote binafsi anayeweza kupendekeza tafsiri 'iliyovuviwa' au 'yenye mamlaka' ya maandiko, na watu binafsi hukubali kuunga mkono mstari wa mamlaka uliowekwa katika maandiko ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=20}} Utaratibu huu umeifanya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí kubaki yenye umoja na umezuia mpasuko wowote mkubwa. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutatua kutokukubaliana kokote miongoni mwa Wabaháʼí, na majaribio kadhaa ya kuleta mgawanyiko{{sfn|Stockman|2020|p=36–37}} aidha yametoweka au yamebaki kuwa madogo sana. Wafuasi wa migawanyiko hiyo huchukuliwa kuwa wavunja agano na huepukwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=173}} === Kanuni za Kijamii === Wakati [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] aliposafiri kwa mara ya kwanza kwenda Ulaya na Marekani mwaka 1911–1912, alitoa hotuba za hadhara ambazo zilifafanua kanuni za msingi za Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=52–53}} Hizi zilijumuisha mafundisho kuhusu usawa wa wanaume na wanawake, umoja wa mbari ya binadamu, haja ya amani ya ulimwengu, na mawazo mengine yaliyochuliwa endelevu ya mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Dhana ya umoja wa binadamu, ambayo Wabaháʼí wanaiona kama ukweli wa kale, ni mahali ambapo mawazo mengi yameanzia. Usawa wa mbari ya binadamu na Uondoaji wa utajiri kupita kiasi na umaskini uliokithiri kwa mfano, ni matokeo ya umoja huo.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=9}} Matokeo mengine ya dhana hiyo ni haja ya shirikisho la dunia lililoungana, na baadhi ya mapendekezo ya kivitendo ya kuhimiza utekelezaji wake ni pamoja na lugha moja ya ulimwengu wote, mfumo sanifu wa uchumi na vipimo, elimu ya lazima kwa wote, na kuanzishwa kwa mahakama ya kimataifa ya usuluhishi kwa ajili ya kutatua migogoro baina ya mataifa. Kuhusiana na jitihada za amani ya ulimwengu, Baháʼu'lláh alieleza mpango wa mfumo wa pamoja wa usalama wa dunia nzima.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} Nyinginezo ya kanuni za Kibahai za kijamii huzungukia umoja wa kiroho. Dini huchukuliwa kuwa inayoendelea kutoka zama moja hadi nyingine, lakini ili kutambua Ufunuo mpya, mtu anapaswa kujitenga na tamaduni na ukweli uchunguzwe kwa kujitegemea. Wabaháʼí hufundishwa kuiona dini kama chanzo cha umoja, na kuona chuki ya kidini kuwa ya uharibifu. Sayansi pia huonwa kuwa yenye upatano na dini ya kweli.{{sfn|Iranica-The Faith|1988}} Ingawa Baháʼu'lláh na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá waliita kuwepo kwa dunia iliyoungana iliyo huru kutokana na vita, pia wanatarajia kwamba kwa muda mrefu, amani ya kudumu (Amani Kuu Kabisa) itaanzishwa na kwamba "ufisadi mkubwa" utasafishwa. Ni muhimu kwamba watu wa dunia waungane chini ya imani ya ulimwengu mzima, wakiwa na sifa za kiroho na maadili ili kukamilisha ustaarabu wa kimwili.{{sfn|Smith|2000|p=266–267}} == '''Historia''' == Mwanzo wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]] uanzia katika dini ya [[Báb]] na harakati ya Shaykhi iliyotangulia mara moja kabla yake. Báb alikuwa mfanyabiashara ambaye alianza kuhubiri mwaka wa 1844 kwamba yeye ni mjumbe aliyeleta ufunuo mpya wa Mungu, lakini alikataliwa na wengi wa makasisi wa Kiislamu nchini Iran, na akauawa hadharani kwa kosa la uzushi.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=11}} Báb alifundisha kwamba Mungu angeleta mjumbe mpya hivi karibuni, na Wabaháʼí humtambua [[Baháʼu'lláh]] kuwa ndiye mjumbe huyo.{{sfn|A.V.|2017}} Ingawa anatambulika kuwa mjumbe wa Mungu kwa haki yake, Báb ameunganishwa kwa karibu sana na teolojia na historia ya Kibaháʼí kiasi kwamba Wabaháʼí huadhimisha kuzaliwa kwake, kifo chake, na kujitangaza kwake kama siku takatifu, na humhesabu kuwa mmoja wa wakuu wa tatu wa Imani (pamoja na Baháʼu'lláh na [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]]). Masimulizi ya kihistoria ya harakati ya Kibábí (''The Dawn-Breakers'') huchukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vitabu vitatu ambavyo kila Mbaháʼí anapaswa "kuvimudu" na kuvisoma "tena na tena".<ref>From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer dated 9 June 1932</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1892, wakati wa kifo cha Baháʼu'lláh, jamii ya Wabaháʼí ilikuwa bado imejikita hasa nchini Iran na katika Milki ya Ottoman, na wakati huo ilikuwa na wafuasi katika nchi 13 za Asia na Afrika.{{sfn|Taherzadeh|1987|p=125}} Chini ya uongozi wa mwanawe, [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]], dini hiyo ilijikita Ulaya na Amerika, na kuimarika nchini Iran, ambako bado inakabiliwa na mateso makali.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Kifo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1921 kinaashiria mwisho wa kipindi kinachoitwa "Zama za Ushujaa" cha Dini ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=56}} === Báb === {{Main|Bab}} Jioni ya tarehe 22 Mei 1844, Siyyid Ali-Muhammad wa [[Shiraz]] alijitangaza kwa ulimwengu na akachukua cheo cha "Báb" (الباب), chenye maana ya "lango", akidai kuwa ndiye [[Mahdi]] anayengojewa katika [[Uislamu wa Kishia]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Hivyo wafuasi wake walijulikana kama Wabábí. Kadiri mafundisho ya Báb yalivyoenea, ambayo [[makasisi]] wa Kiislamu waliyaona kuwa ni kufuru, wafuasi wake walikabiliwa na mateso na dhuluma zilizoongezeka.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Migogoro iliongezeka hadi kufikia kuzingirwa kijeshi katika maeneo kadhaa na majeshi ya Shah. Báb mwenyewe alifungwa gerezani na hatimaye akauawa mwaka wa 1850.{{sfn|MacEoin|2009|p=414}} Wabahá’í humwona [[Báb]] kama mtangulizi wa [[Baháʼí|Dini ya Kibaháʼí]], kwa kuwa maandiko ya Báb yaliwasilisha dhana ya "Yule ambaye Mungu atamdhihirisha", mtu wa kimasiya ambaye kuja kwake, kulingana na Wabaháʼí, kulitangazwa katika maandiko yote makuu ya dini za ulimwengu.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}} Na [[Baháʼu'lláh]] mwanzilishi wa Dini ya Kibahai hudai ndiye huyo. Kaburi la Báb, lililoko kwenye Mlima Carmel [[Haifa]], [[Israeli]], ni mahali muhimu pa hija kwa Wabaháʼí. Mabaki ya Báb yaliletwa kwa siri kutoka Iran hadi Nchi Takatifu na hatimaye yakazikwa katika kaburi lililojengwa kwa ajili yake mahali palipoainishwa mahsusi na Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=75–76}} Maandiko ya Báb yanachukuliwa na Wabaháʼí kuwa maandiko matakatifu ya dini, ingawa yamebadilishwa na sheria na mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=101}} Maandiko makuu ya Báb yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza yamekusanywa katika kitabu kiitwacho ''Selections from the Writings of the Báb'' (1976), ambacho kina takribani maandiko 135 kutoka maandiko ya Báb.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=102}} === Bahá'u'lláh === {{Main|Bahaʼullah }} Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí alikuwa miongoni mwa wafuasi wa kwanza wa Báb, na baadaye alichukua cheo cha Bahá'u'lláh. Mnamo Agosti 1852,{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=145}} Baadhi ya Wabábí walifanya jaribio ambalo halikufanikiwa la kumuua Shah, Násiri'd-Dín Sháh Qájár. Shah alijibu kwa kuamuru mauaji na, katika baadhi ya matukio, kuwatesa karibu Wabábí 50 mjini Tehran.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146}} Zaidi ya hayo umwagaji damu ulienea kote nchini, na mamia waliripotiwa kuuwawa kwenye magazeti katika kipindi cha hadi Oktoba, na maelfu zaidi waliuwawa hadi mwisho wa Desemba.<ref>{{*}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10893156/hundreds_of_babis_executed_babibahai/|title=Persia – The Journal de Constantinople|date=3 Nov 1852|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=2|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.newspapers.com/clip/871886/hundreds_of_babis_killed_following/|title=Persia|date=17 November 1852|newspaper=The Sun|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=Baltimore, MD|page=1|via=Newspapers.com}} {{*}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&phrasesearch=%22babs%20was%20awful%2C%20and%20that%2020%2C000%20or%2030%2C000%22&sortorder=score&o=date&d=asc|title=Turkey|date=20 December 1852|newspaper=London Standard|access-date=Sep 6, 2022|location=London, UK|page=3|via=BritishNewspaperArchive.co.uk}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahá'u'lláh hakuhusika katika jaribio hilo la mauaji, lakini alifungwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran hadi kuachiliwa kwake kulipopangwa miezi minne baadaye baada ya balozi wa Urusi kuingilia jambo hilo, mara tu baada ya hapo alifukuzwa kutoka Iran na kusafiri hadi Baghdad, kisha sehemu ya Milki ya Ottoman, ambapo alijiunga na Wabábí wengine katika uhamisho.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=146–147}} {{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Huko Baghdad, uongozi wake uliamsha upya wafuasi wa Báb waliokuwa wakiteswa nchini Iran, hivyo mamlaka ya Irani ikaomba aondolewe, jambo lililosababisha kuamishwa kwake kwenda Constantinople (sasa [[Istanbul]]) na Sultani wa Ottoman. Mnamo 1863, wakati wa kufukuzwa kwake kutoka Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh kwa mara ya kwanza alitangaza mbele ya familia yake na wafuasi wake dai lake la kuwa Mdhihirishaji wa Mungu, jambo ambalo alisema alikuwa amelifahamu miaka kadhaa kabla akiwa katika gereza la Siyah-Chal huko Tehran. Alikaa Konstantinople kwa muda usiofika miezi minne. Mamlaka ya Ottoman walimgeuka kwa sababu ya uchongezi uliyofanywa na balozi wa Persia, ambapo Serikali ya Sultani iliamuru kuhamishwa kwake kwenda Adrianople (sasa [[Edirne]]), ambapo Bahá'u'lláh alijibu kwa barua yenye onyo kali. Huko Adrianople walimweka chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani ambako alikaa kwa miaka minne, hadi amri ya kifalme ya mwaka 1868 ilipowahamisha Wababi wote kwenda ama [[Cyprus]] au 'Akká. 'Akka, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa katika jimbo la Ottoman la Syria na leo uko katika dola ya Israeli, ulikuwa mji wenye kuta na lango la nchi kavu pamoja na lango la baharini, ambapo wageni wote walikaguliwa. Hivyo ilikuwa rahisi sana kuwazuia mahujaji wa Kiajemi waliokuwa wakisafiri kwenda kwa Bahá'u'lláh, hasa kwa kuwa Wafuasi wa Mirza Yahya walikuwa wamefungwa mjini humo pia, walikuwa wakitoa taarifa mara moja kuhusu Mbaháʼí yeyote aliyefaulu kuwapita walinzi wa langoni. 'Akka ilitumiwa na serikali ya Ottoman kama mahali pa kifungo kwa wafungwa wa kisiasa. Hali za mji huo zilikuwa mbaya sana kiafya kiasi kwamba iliaminika kwamba wale ambao hawakuwa wamezoea hali hizo wangekufa upesi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=325}}</ref> Ilikuwa katika koloni la Ottoman la ʻAkká au karibu nayo (Katika eneo la Israel ya sasa), Baháʼu'lláh alitumia sehemu iliyobaki ya maisha yake. Mwanzoni baada ya kifungo kikali na chenye masharti magumu, aliruhusiwa kuishi katika nyumba karibu na ʻAkká, ingawa bado alikuwa mfungwa rasmi wa mji huo.{{sfn|Iranica-Baha'-Allah|1988}} Alifariki mwaka wa 1892. Wabaháʼí huchukulia mahali pake pa kupumzika huko Bahjí kuwa Qiblih wanakoelekea kila siku wanaposali.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=20–21, 28}} Aliandika zaidi ya maandiko 18,000 katika [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kifarsi]] wakati wa uhai wake, ambayo asilimia 8 tu ndiyo yametafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]].{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=2}} Katika kipindi chake huko Adrianople, alianza kutangaza utume wake kama mjumbe wa Mungu katika barua alizowaandikia watawala wa kidini na wa kidunia, wakiwemo [[Papa Pius IX]], [[Napoleon III]] na [[Malkia Victoria]].{{sfn|Berry|2004}} === ʻAbdu'l-Bahá === {{Main|ʻAbdu'l-Bahá}} Abbás Effendi alikuwa mwana mkubwa wa kiume wa Bahá'u'lláh, anayejulikana kwa cheo cha ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ("Mtumishi wa Bahá"). Baba yake aliacha wosia uliomteua ʻAbdu'l-Bahá kuwa kitovu cha agano la jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=73–76}} ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki na baba yake kipindi kirefu cha uhamisho na kifungo, ambacho kiliendelea hadi kuachiliwa kwa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mwaka wa 1908 kutokana na Mapinduzi ya Waturuki Vijana. Baada ya kuachiliwa kwake, aliishi maisha ya kusafiri, akitoa hotuba, akifundisha, akielezea kanuni za Dini ya Kibahai na huku akiendeleza mawasiliano kwa barua na jumuiya za waumini na watu binafsi.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Tangu mwanzo wa maisha yake, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alishiriki magumu ya baba yake kutokana na mateso ya Wabábí nchini Iran na baadaye wakati wa uhamisho wao kutoka Tehran kwenda Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne na ‘Akká. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa Baháʼu'lláh, msimamizi mkuu na mwakilishi wa kuaminika wa mambo ya nje katika Milki ya Ottoman. Kwa Wabaháʼí, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni "Mwalimu", kama alivyoitwa na baba yake, na ndiye mfano bora wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world of the Bahá'í Faith|last=Stockman|first=Robert|date=2022|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York|pages=71}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2020, kuna zaidi ya nyaraka 38,000 zilizopo zinazojumuisha maneno ya [[ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]].{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Ni sehemu kidogo tu ya nyaraka hizi ambayo imetafsiriwa kwa [[Lugha ya Kiingereza|Kiingereza]]. Miongoni mwa maandiko yake maarufu ni ''Siri ya Ustaarabu Mtakatifu'', ''Baadhi ya Maswali Yaliyojibiwa'', ''Waraka kwa Auguste-Henri Forel'', ''Nyaraka za Mpango Mtakatifu'', na ''Waraka kwa Hague''.{{sfn|Yazdani|2022}} Zaidi ya hayo, wakati wa safari zake za Magharibi, maandishi ya hotuba zake nyingi yalichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali kama vile ''Hekima ya Abdu'l-Bahá'' . === Shoghi Effendi === {{Main|Shoghi Effendi }} Kitáb-i-Aqdas cha Baháʼu'lláh na Wasia na Agano la ʻAbdu'l-Bahá ni nyaraka za msingi za utawala wa Kibaháʼí. Baháʼu'lláh aliamuru kuanzishwa kwa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu inayochaguliwa, na ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alianzisha ulinzi wa kurithi unaoteuliwa na akafafanua uhusiano kati ya taasisi hizo mbili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55–57}} Katika wasia wake ʻAbdu'l-Bahá alimteua mjukuu wake mkubwa, Shoghi Effendi, kuwa Mlinzi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Shoghi Effendi alitumikia kama mkuu wa dini hiyo kwa miaka 36 hadi kifo chake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=55}} [[Picha:Shoghi_Effendi2.jpg|thumb|Shoghi Effendi, mjukuu wa ʻAbdu'l-Bahá]] Katika maisha yake yote, Shoghi Effendi alitafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí; aliendeleza mipango ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kupanua jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí; alikuza Kituo cha Ulimwengu cha Wabaháʼí; aliendesha mawasiliano mapana na jumuiya na watu binafsi kote duniani; na alijenga muundo wa kiutawala wa dini, akiitayarisha jumuiya kwa ajili ya uchaguzi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu.{{sfn|Hutter|2005|p=737–740}} Alifariki dunia bila kutarajiwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1957 huko London, Uingereza, baada ya ugonjwa wa muda mfupi, katika hali ambayo haikuruhusu kuteuliwa kwa mrithi.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=58–69}} Mnamo mwaka wa 1937, Shoghi Effendi alianza Mpango wa Miaka Saba kwa Wabaháʼí wa Amerika Kaskazini, ukifuatiwa na mpango wa pili mwaka wa 1946. Mwaka wa 1953, alianza mpango wa kwanza wa kimataifa, Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi wa Dunia. Mpango huu ulijumuisha malengo makubwa sana ya kupanua jumuiya na taasisi za Kibaháʼí, kutafsiri maandiko ya Kibaháʼí katika lugha nyingi mpya, na kuwapeleka mapainia wa Kibaháʼí katika nchi ambazo hapo awali hazikuwa zimefikiwa.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=64}} Alitangaza katika barua wakati wa Msalaba wa Miaka Kumi kwamba ungefuatiwa na mipango mingine chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, ambayo ilichaguliwa mwaka wa 1963 mwishoni mwa kampeni hiyo. Shoghi Effendi aliacha alama kubwa juu ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí ambayo hadi leo inaendelea kuwa na athari ya kina. Ufafanuzi wake wa maandiko ya Kibaháʼí unachukuliwa kuwa wa mamlaka, hivyo ni wa msingi kwa uelewa wa teolojia na sheria ya Kibaháʼí, pamoja na mafundisho ya kijamii ya Kibaháʼí. Maandishi yake kuhusu utawala wa Kibaháʼí yanaendelea kuwa chanzo muhimu cha mwongozo kuhusu jinsi asasi za Kibaháʼí zinavyopaswa kufanya kazi.<ref name=":0" /> === Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu === {{Main|Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu }} Tangu mwaka wa 1963, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa asasi ya juu kabisa iliyochaguliwa ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí. Majukumu ya jumla ya asasi hii ya kimungu yamefafanuliwa kupitia maandiko ya Baháʼu'lláh na kufafanuliwa zaidi katika maandiko ya ʻAbdu'l-Bahá na Shoghi Effendi. Majukumu haya yanajumuisha ufundishaji na elimu, kutekeleza sheria za Kibaháʼí, kushughulikia masuala ya kijamii, na kuwajali wanyonge na maskini.{{sfn|Iranica-Bayt-al-'adl|1989}} [[Picha:Seat_of_the_House_of_Justice.jpg|kushoto|thumb|Makao ya Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu huko Haifa]] Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu imekuwa ikielekeza kazi ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí kupitia mfululizo wa mipango ya kimataifa ya miaka kadhaa.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Kuanzia na Mpango wa Miaka Tisa ulioanza mwaka wa 1964, uongozi wa Kibaháʼí ulitafuta si tu kuendeleza upanuzi wa dini, bali pia "kuwaimarisha" waumini wapya, yaani kuongeza maarifa yao kuhusu mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Katika muktadha huu, katika miaka ya 1970, Taasisi ya Ruhi ilianzishwa nchini Kolombia na Wabaháʼí ili kutoa kozi fupi juu ya imani za Kibaháʼí, zenye urefu wa mwishoni mwa juma hadi siku tisa.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Taasisi inayohusiana nayo, Ruhi Foundation, ambayo lengo lake lilikuwa kuwaimarisha Wabaháʼí wapya kwa njia ya utaratibu, ilisajiliwa mwaka wa 1992, na tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi zimekuwa njia kuu ya kuongeza uelewa wa mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí duniani kote.{{sfn|Fozdar|2015}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2013 kulikuwa na zaidi ya taasisi 300 za mafunzo za Kibaháʼí duniani kote na watu 100,000 walikuwa wakishiriki katika kozi hizo. Kozi za Taasisi ya Ruhi hufundisha jamii jinsi ya kuandaa zenyewe, miongoni mwa shughuli nyingine, madarasa ya elimu ya kiroho kwa watoto na vijana. Kwa jamii ya Kibaháʼí ya wakati huu, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu pia imehimiza ushiriki katika shughuli za kijamii na kushiriki katika mijadala inayotawala katika jamii.{{sfn|Stockman|2013|p=203}} Kila mwaka mwezi wa Aprili, Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu hutuma ujumbe wa 'Ridván' kwa jamii ya Wabaháʼí ulimwenguni kote, ambao huwafahamisha Wabaháʼí kuhusu maendeleo ya sasa na kutoa mwongozo zaidi kwa mwaka unaofuata.{{efn|Ujumbe wote wa Ridván unaweza kupatikana katika [http://www.bahai.org/library/authoritative-texts/the-universal-house-of-justice/messages Bahai.org].}} Katika ngazi ya mahali, kanda na kitaifa, Wabaháʼí huchagua wajumbe wa mabaraza ya kiroho yenye watu tisa, ambayo huendesha shughuli za dini. Pia kuna watu walioteuliwa wanaofanya kazi katika ngazi mbalimbali, ikiwemo ngazi ya mahali na ya kimataifa, ambao hutekeleza kazi ya kueneza mafundisho na kuilinda jamii. Watu hao hawafanyi kazi kama makasisi au mapadri, kwa kuwa Dini ya Kibaháʼí haina tabaka la ukuhani.{{sfn|Daume|Watson|1992}}{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=160}} Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu ndiyo chombo cha juu kabisa cha uongozi wa Dini ya Kibaháʼí, na wajumbe wake tisa huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka mitano na wajumbe wa Mabaraza yote ya Kiroho ya Kitaifa.{{sfn|Warburg|2001|p=20}} Mbaháʼí yeyote mwanaume mwenye umri wa miaka 21 au zaidi anastahili kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu; nyadhifa zote nyingine ziko wazi kwa Wabaháʼí wanaume na wanawake.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=205}} Katika mojawapo ya nyaraka zake Baháʼu'lláh anaandika kwamba "kusudi la msingi la kuhuisha imani kwa Mungu na kwa dini yake ni kulinda maslahi ya wanadamu, kukuza umoja wa jamii ya binadamu, na kuendeleza roho ya upendo na udugu miongoni mwa watu." Kupitia agano lake, Baháʼu'lláh alithibitisha kwamba wajumbe wa jamii ya Wabaháʼí daima watakuwa na kituo cha mamlaka kisichokosea, jambo linalohakikisha umoja wa kudumu na unaoendelea wa jamii. Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu sasa ndiyo kituo hicho cha mamlaka, chenye wajibu wa kushughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na kutekeleza utaratibu wa dunia uliotabiriwa na Baháʼu'lláh. Hivyo basi, miongoni mwa mamlaka na majukumu yake mengine mengi, hutatua matatizo yanayohitaji ufafanuzi au ambayo yanaweza kuwa chanzo cha mizozo, husimamia maendeleo ya Hoja na usimamizi wa mambo yake, huweka sheria na kanuni zinazohitajika kwa maendeleo endelevu ya jamii, na hutoa mfululizo endelevu wa mwongozo unaotia moyo na kuandaa jitihada za Wabaháʼí na washirika wao katika kukuza umoja wa wanadamu.<ref name=":0" /> == Mafundisho na kanuni == Kanuni kuu za Dini ya Kibaháʼí ni - * Mungu ni mmoja * Dini zote zina chanzo kimoja<ref name=":0" /> * Amani ya dunia na umoja wa dunia * Haki kwa wote * Usawa wa wanawake na wanaume * Elimu ya lazima kwa wote<ref name=":0" /> * Maelewano ya sayansi na dini * Suluhisho la umasikini na utajiri uliopitiliza * Suluhisho la kiroho kwa matatizo ya kimwili<ref name=":0" /> Mifano kadhaa ya mafundisho ya Bahá'u'lláh kuhusu mwenendo wa mtu binafsi ni yafuatayo ambayo ni ya lazima au yanahimizwa kwa wafuasi wake: * Wabaháʼí wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 15 wanapaswa kusoma binafsi kila siku sala moja ya lazima, kwa kutumia maneno na umbo maalum yaliyoainishwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=334}} * Mbali na sala ya lazima ya kila siku, Wabaháʼí wanapaswa kusali kila siku na kufanya tafakari pamoja na kujifunza maandiko matakatifu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=161–162}} * Wabaháʼí watu wazima, isipokuwa kwa baadhi ya msamaha, wanapaswa kufunga saumu ya siku kumi na tisa kila mwaka wakati wa saa za mchana katika mwezi wa Machi.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339–340}} * Kuna masharti maalum ya maziko ya Kibaháʼí, yakiwemo sala maalum inayopaswa kusomwa wakati wa mazishi. Kutilia manukato au dawa mwilini wa marehemu na kuchoma maiti kunakataliwa.{{sfn|Iranica-Burial|2020}} === Makatazo === Yafuatayo ni baadhi ya matendo ya mwenendo binafsi ambayo yamekatazwa au yamehimizwa kuepukwa katika mafundisho ya Baháʼu'lláh: * Uchongezi na usengenyaji vimekatazwa na kulaaniwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=330–332}} * Kunywa na kuuza pombe ni marufuku.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=323}} * Kujamiiana kunaruhusiwa kati ya mume na mke pekee, na kwa hiyo, ngono kabla ya ndoa na ngono nje ya ndoa zote zimekatazwa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=326}} * Kushiriki katika siasa za vyama ni marufuku.{{sfn|McMullen|2015|p=69, 136, 149, 253–254, 269}} * Kuombaomba kama kazi ni marufuku.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=154–155}} Utekelezaji wa sheria za kibinafsi, kama vile sala au kufunga, ni wajibu wa mtu binafsi pekee.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=339}} Hata hivyo, kuna nyakati ambapo Mbaháʼí anaweza kuondolewa kiutawala kutoka katika jumuiya kwa kupuuza sheria hadharani, au kwa uasherati wa kupindukia. Kuondolewa huko kunasimamiwa na Baraza la Kiroho la Kitaifa na hakuhusishi kutengwa kabisa.{{sfn|Schaefer|2002|p=348–349}} === Ndoa === Katika Dini ya Kibaháʼí, kusudi la ndoa kimsingi ni kukuza upatano wa kiroho, urafiki na umoja kati ya mwanamume mmoja na mwanamke mmoja, na kutoa mazingira thabiti na yenye upendo kwa malezi ya watoto.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164–165}} Mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí kuhusu ndoa huiita kuwa ni ngome ya ustawi na wokovu na huweka ndoa na familia kama msingi wa muundo wa jamii ya wanadamu.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Baháʼu'lláh alisifu sana ndoa, alikataza talaka, na alidai usafi nje ya ndoa; Baháʼu'lláh alifundisha kwamba mume na mke wanapaswa kujitahidi kuboresha maisha ya kiroho ya kila mmoja.{{sfn|Momen|2022}} Ndoa za baina ya makabila na baina ya rangi pia zimesifiwa sana katika maandiko yote ya Kibaháʼí.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} [[Picha:BahaiTempleWilmette.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya Ibada ya Kibaháʼí nchini Marekani]] Wabaháʼí wanaotamani kufunga ndoa wanashauriwa kupata ufahamu wa kina kuhusu tabia ya mwingine kabla ya kuamua kuoana.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Mara mbili watu wanapoamua kuoana, wanapaswa kupata idhini ya wazazi wa pande zote mbili, iwe ni Wabaháʼí au la. Sherehe ya ndoa ya Kibaháʼí ni rahisi; sehemu pekee ya lazima ya ndoa ni kusoma viapo vya ndoa vilivyowekwa na Baháʼu'lláh, ambavyo husomwa na bwana harusi na bibi harusi mbele ya mashahidi wawili.{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} Viapo hivyo ni "Sote, hakika, tutatii mapenzi ya Mungu."{{sfn|Smith|2008|p=164}} === Nyumba za Ibada === Katika jumuiya nyingi, mikutano ya ibada ya Kibaháʼí hufanyika majumbani au katika vituo vya Wabaháʼí. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí—zinazojulikana pia kama mahekalu ya Kibaháʼí—zimejengwa mahsusi kwa kusudi hilo.{{sfn|Afnan|2022}} Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí ni mahali ambapo Wabaháʼí na wasio Wabaháʼí wanaweza kuonesha ibada kwa Mungu.{{sfn|Warburg|2006|p=492}} Pia zinajulikana kama Mashriqu'l-Adhkár (kwa Kiarabu "Mahali pa Mapambazuko pa Ukumbusho wa Mungu").{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} Ndani yake, ni maandiko matakatifu ya Dini ya Kibaháʼí na ya dini nyingine tu yanayoweza kusomwa au kuimbwa, na maandiko na sala zilizowekwa kwa ajili ya muziki zinaweza kuimbwa na waimbaji, lakini hakuna ala za muziki zinazoweza kupigwa ndani.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Zaidi ya hayo, hakuna hotuba inayoweza kutolewa, na hakuna sherehe ya kiibada inayoweza kufanywa.{{sfn|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}} Nyumba zote za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zina umbo la pande tisa, pamoja na njia tisa za kuingia kutoka nje na bustani tisa zinazozizunguka.{{sfn|Iranica-Mašreq al-Aḏkār|2010}} Kwa sasa kuna Nyumba nane za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za "kibara" na baadhi ya Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí za mahali ambazo zimekamilika au zinaendelea kujengwa. Maandishi ya Kibaháʼí pia yanaonesha kwamba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zitazungukwa na taasisi za shughuli za kibinadamu, kisayansi na kielimu{{sfn|Hassall|2012}} ingawa hadi sasa hakuna iliyojengwa kwa kiwango hicho. === Maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi === Tangu kuanzishwa kwake Dini ya Kibaháʼí imekuwa na ushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi, ikianzia kwa kuwa na mazungumzo zaidi kuhusu uhuru wa wanawake.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Elimu ya wanawake imekuzwa kama kipaumbele.{{sfn|Kingdon|1997}} Na ushiriki huo umepewa mwonekano wa vitendo kwa kujenga shule, vyama vya ushirika vya kilimo, na kliniki.{{sfn|Momen|1994b|ps=: Section 9: Social and economic development}} Dini iliingia katika hatua mpya ya shughuli wakati ujumbe ulipotolewa kutoka kwa '''Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu''' tarehe 20 Oktoba 1983. Wabaháʼí walihimizwa kutafuta njia zinazolingana na mafundisho ya Kibaháʼí ambazo zingewawezesha kushiriki katika maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jumuiya wanamoishi. Mwaka 1979 kulikuwa na miradi 129 ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya Kibaháʼí iliyotambuliwa rasmi duniani kote. Kufikia mwaka 1987, idadi ya miradi ya maendeleo iliyotambuliwa rasmi ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1482.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mipango ya sasa ya utekelezaji wa kijamii inajumuisha shughuli katika nyanja kama afya, usafi, elimu, usawa wa kijinsia, sanaa na vyombo vya habari, kilimo na mazingira.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Miradi hiyo inajumuisha shule, kuanzia shule za mafunzo za vijijini hadi shule kubwa za sekondari na baadhi ya vyuo vikuu.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Kufikia mwaka wa 2017, Ofisi ya Baháʼí ya Maendeleo ya Kijamii na Kiuchumi ilikadiria kuwa kulikuwa na miradi midogo 40,000, miradi endelevu 1,400, na mashirika 135 yaliyochochewa na Baháʼí.{{sfn|Baháʼí Office of Social and Economic Development|2018}} Zaidi ya hayo, Wabaháʼí kote ulimwenguni wanachangia katika kujenga utaratibu huu mpya wa dunia kupitia juhudi mbalimbali. Mpango huu wa kimataifa umejengwa juu ya dhana ya mwanadamu na jamii iliyo ya kiroho kwa asili, na unakusudia kukuza uwezo wa mwanadamu ili kuchochea maendeleo ya kiroho na ya kimwili. Kwa lengo la kuchangia ustawi wa wanadamu, Wabaháʼí hushiriki katika shughuli zifuatazo: # Mikutano ya sala # Madarasa ya maadili kwa watoto # Programu za kuwawezesha vijana # Madarasa ya duru za masomo === Umoja wa Mataifa === Baháʼu'lláh aliandika juu ya haja ya kuwepo kwa utaratibu wa dunia unaowezesha mataifa kuishi kwa amani na ushirikiano. Kwa sababu hiyo, Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí imeunga mkono juhudi za kuimarisha mahusiano ya kimataifa kupitia taasisi kama Shirika la Mataifa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], ingawa pia imeeleza baadhi ya tahadhari kuhusu muundo na mipaka ya taasisi hizo katika hali yake ya sasa.{{sfn|Momen|2007}} Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Wabaháʼí ni wakala uliopo Haifa chini ya uongozi wa Nyumba ya Haki ya Ulimwengu, na una hadhi ya ushauri na mashirika yafuatayo:{{sfn|McMullen|2000|p=39}} * Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF) * Mfuko wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa kwa Wanawake (UNIFEM) * Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Umoja wa Mataifa (ECOSOC) * Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) * [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Baháʼí ina ofisi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] huko New York na Geneva na ina uwakilishi katika tume za kikanda za Umoja wa Mataifa na ofisi nyingine huko Addis Ababa, Bangkok, Nairobi, Roma, Santiago na Vienna.{{sfn|Baháʼí International Community|2000}} Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ofisi ya mazingira na ofisi ya maendeleo ya wanawake zilianzishwa kama sehemu ya ofisi yake ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Dini ya Kibaháʼí pia imeendesha programu za maendeleo za pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali mengine ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Katika Jukwaa la Milenia la Umoja wa Mataifa la mwaka 2000, Mbaháʼí mmoja alialikwa kama mmoja wa wasemaji pekee wasio wa kiserikali wakati wa mkutano wa kilele huo.{{sfn|Baháʼí World News Service|2000}} == Mateso na ukandamizaji == Katika baadhi ya nchi zenye Waislamu walio wengi, Wabaháʼí wanaendelea kuteswa, kwa kuwa viongozi wao hawaikubali Dini ya Kibaháʼí kama dini huru, bali kama kuiacha Uislamu. Ukandamizaji mkali zaidi umetokea nchini Iran, ambako kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1998 zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 200 waliuawa.{{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Haki za Wabaháʼí zimewekewa vikwazo, kwa kiwango kikubwa au kidogo, pia katika nchi nyingine nyingi zikiwemo Misri, Afghanistan, pamoja na Iraq{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222291 Iraq]}}, Moroko{{sfn|International Religious Freedom Report|2013|loc=[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2013&dlid=222305 Morocco]}}, Yemen na nchi kadhaa za Afrika kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara.{{sfn|Smith|Momen|1989}} Mateso ya kudumu zaidi dhidi ya Wabahá’í yametokea nchini Iran, mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa dini hii.{{sfn|Hartz|2009|p=125–127}} Wakati Báb mtukufu alipoanza kuvutia idadi kubwa ya wafuasi, makasisi wa Kiislamu... Kwa kusema hivyo, walitarajia kuzuia harakati hiyo isisambae kwa kudai kwamba wafuasi wake walikuwa maadui wa Mungu. Maelekezo haya ya kidini pia yalisababisha makundi ya watu kuwashambulia Wabábí na baadhi yao kuuawa hadharani.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Mwanzoni mwa karne ya ishirini, mbali na ukandamizaji uliowalenga Wabaháʼí mmoja mmoja, kampeni zilizoelekezwa kutoka ngazi ya kati zenye kulenga jamii nzima ya Wabaháʼí na taasisi zake zilianza.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Mwaka 1903 huko Yazd, katika tukio moja, zaidi ya Wabaháʼí 100 waliuawa.{{sfn|Nash|1982}} Shule za Wabaháʼí, kama vile shule za wavulana na wasichana za Tarbiyat huko Tehran, zilifungwa katika miaka ya 1930 na 1940, ndoa za Kibaháʼí hazikutambuliwa, na maandiko ya Kibaháʼí yalidhibitiwa.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa utawala wa Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, nchini Iran kampeni ya mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ilianzishwa ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo ya kiuchumi na harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa ikikua.{{efn|Linalopatana na hili ni wazo kwamba serikali ilihamasisha kampeni hiyo ili kugeuza umakini kutoka kwa matatizo makubwa zaidi, yakiwemo matatizo makali ya kiuchumi. Zaidi ya hili kulikuwepo ugumu ambao utawala ulikuwa nao katika kuhimili harakati ya utaifa iliyokuwa imemuunga mkono Musaddiq.{{sfn|Akhavi|1980|p=76–78}}}} Kampeni iliyoidhinishwa na kuratibiwa dhidi ya Wabaháʼí (ili kuchochea hisia za umma dhidi ya Wabaháʼí) ilianza mwaka 1955 na ilijumuisha kusambazwa kwa propaganda dhidi ya Wabaháʼí katika vituo vya redio vya kitaifa na magazeti rasmi.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Wakati wa kampeni hiyo, iliyoanzishwa na mullah Muhammad Taqi Falsafi, kituo cha Wabaháʼí mjini Tehran kilibomolewa kwa amri ya gavana wa kijeshi wa Tehran, Jenerali Teymur Bakhtiar.{{sfn|''The New York Times''|1955}} Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 utawala wa Shah uliendelea kupoteza uhalali wake kutokana na ukosoaji wa kudumu kwamba ulikuwa unaunga mkono Magharibi. Kadiri harakati dhidi ya Shah zilivyopata nguvu na uungwaji mkono, propaganda za kimapinduzi zilienezwa zikidai kwamba baadhi ya washauri wa Shah walikuwa Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Abrahamian|1982|p=432}} Wabaháʼí walichorwa kama vitisho vya kiuchumi na kama waungaji mkono wa Israeli na Magharibi, na uhasama wa kijamii dhidi ya Wabaháʼí ukaongezeka.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}} Tangu [[Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu ya Iran|Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]] ya mwaka 1979, Wabaháʼí wa Iran wamekuwa wakivunjiwa nyumba zao mara kwa mara, wakizuiwa kuhudhuria vyuo vikuu au kushika kazi za serikali, na mamia yao wamehukumiwa vifungo gerezani kwa sababu ya imani yao ya kidini, na katika miaka ya karibuni pia kwa kushiriki katika madarasa ya duru za masomo. {{sfn|International Federation of Human Rights|2003}} Makaburi ya Wabaháʼí yamenajisiwa na mali zimechukuliwa na wakati mwingine kubomolewa, yakiwemo nyumba ya baba wa [[Baháʼu'lláh]], [[Mírzá Buzurg]].{{sfn|Affolter|2005}} Nyumba ya [[Báb]] huko [[Shiraz]], mojawapo ya maeneo matatu ambayo Wabaháʼí hufanya hija, imeharibiwa mara mbili.{{sfn|Affolter|2005}}{{sfn|Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|2006}} Mnamo Mei 2018, mamlaka za Iran zilimfukuza mwanafunzi mmoja kijana mwanamke kutoka chuo kikuu cha Isfahan kwa sababu alikuwa Mbaháʼí.{{sfn|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}} Mnamo Machi 2018, wanafunzi wengine wawili Wabaháʼí walifukuzwa kutoka vyuo vikuu katika miji ya Zanjan na Gilan kwa sababu ya dini yao. Tarehe 14 Mei 2008, wajumbe wa chombo kisicho rasmi kilichoitwa "Yaran", ambacho kilikuwa kinasimamia mahitaji ya jumuiya ya Wabaháʼí nchini Iran, walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika gereza la Evin.{{sfn|CNN|2008}}{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}} Kesi ya mahakama ya Yaran iliahirishwa mara nyingi, lakini hatimaye ilikuwa ikiendelea tarehe 12 Januari 2010.{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Waangalizi wengine hawakuruhusiwa kuhudhuria mahakamani. Hata mawakili wa utetezi, ambao kwa miaka miwili walikuwa na fursa ndogo sana ya kuwasiliana na washtakiwa, walipata ugumu kuingia katika chumba cha mahakama. Mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Marekani kuhusu Uhuru wa Kidini wa Kimataifa alisema kwamba ilionekana serikali ilikuwa tayari imeamua matokeo ya kesi hiyo na ilikuwa inakiuka sheria ya kimataifa ya haki za binadamu{{sfn|CNN|2010a}} Vikao vya baadaye vilifanyika tarehe 7 Februari 2010, 12 Aprili 2010, na 12 Juni 2010. Tarehe 11 Agosti 2010 ilijulikana kuwa hukumu ya mahakama ilikuwa kifungo cha miaka 20 kwa kila mmoja wa wafungwa saba, ambayo baadaye ilipunguzwa hadi miaka kumi.{{sfn|CNN|2010b}} Baada ya hukumu hiyo, walihamishwa kwenda gereza la Gohardasht.{{sfn|AFP|2011a}} Mnamo Machi 2011, hukumu zilirejeshwa kwenye miaka 20 ya awali{{sfn|AFP|2011b}}. Tarehe 3 Januari 2010, maafisa wa Iran waliwashikilia wajumbe wengine kumi wa wachache wa Kibaháʼí, miongoni mwao ikidaiwa alikuwa Leva Khanjani, mjukuu wa Jamaloddin Khanjani, mmoja wa viongozi saba wa Wabaháʼí waliofungwa tangu mwaka 2008, na mwezi Februari, walimkamata mwanawe, Niki Khanjani.{{sfn|The Jerusalem Post|2010}} Serikali ya Iran inadai kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí si dini, bali ni shirika la kisiasa, na kwa hiyo inakataa kuitambua kama dini ya wachache.{{sfn|Kravetz|1982|p=237}} Hata hivyo, serikali haijawahi kutoa ushahidi thabiti unaounga mkono tabia hii ya jamii ya Wabaháʼí.{{sfn|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008|p=5}} Serikali ya Iran pia inaishutumu Dini ya Kibaháʼí kwa kuhusishwa na Uzayuni. Inaonekana kwamba shutuma hizi dhidi ya Wabaháʼí hazina msingi katika ukweli wa kihistoria{{sfn|Simpson|Shubart|1995|p=223}}{{sfn|Tavakoli-Targhi|2008|p=200}}, na baadhi ya watu wamehoji kwamba zilibuniwa na serikali ya Iran ili kuwatumia Wabaháʼí kama "mbuzi wa kafara".{{sfn|Freedman|2009}} Mwaka 2019, serikali ya Iran ilifanya isiwezekane kwa Wabaháʼí kujisajili kisheria na dola ya Iran. Maombi ya vitambulisho vya kitaifa nchini Iran sasa hayajumuishi tena chaguo la "dini nyingine", jambo linalomaanisha kwamba Dini ya Kibaháʼí haitatambuliwa kwa vitendo na dola.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-id-card-rule-highlights-plight-of-bahai/a-52149974|title=ID card law in Iran highlights plight of Baháʼí – DW – 01/25/2020|website=dw.com}}</ref> === '''Nyumba ya Ibada ya Wabahá’í''' === "Hekalu la Bahá'í la Ibada (maarufu kwa jina la Lotus Temple)" lipo Kalkaji, Nehru Place, New Delhi. Katika ulimwengu wa dini ya Kibahá'í, kwa jumla katika maeneo saba Nyumba za Ibada za Kibaháʼí zimejengwa. # Samoa ya Magharibi # Sydney - Australia # Kampala - Uganda # Panama City - Panama # Frankfurt - Ujerumani # Wilmette - Marekani # New Delhi - India == Maelezo == {{reflist}} ==Marejeleo== === Vitabu === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iranbetweentwore00abra_0|title=Iran Kati ya Mapinduzi Mawili|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|publisher=Princeton Book Company Publishers|year=1982|isbn=0-691-10134-5|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/atozofbahaifaith0000adam|title=The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith|last=Adamson|first=Hugh C.|date=2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6853-3|series=The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70|place=Plymouth, UK|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Afnan|first=Elham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=479–487|chapter=Sura ya 39: Maisha ya ibada|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-45|s2cid=244700641}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/religionpolitics0000akha|title=Dini na Siasa katika Iran ya Kisasa: Mahusiano ya Makleri na Dola katika Kipindi cha Pahlavi|last=Akhavi|first=Shahrough|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=1980|isbn=0-87395-408-4|location=Albany, NY|pages=76–78|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Baháʼís|author=Baháʼí International Community|date=2005|chapter=Historia ya Juhudi za Elimu za Wabaháʼí nchini Iran|access-date=10 May 2008|chapter-url=http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205194849/http://denial.bahai.org/003.php|archive-date=5 December 2009|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newbelieverssurv00barr|title=Waumini Wapya: uchunguzi wa madhehebu, makundi ya kidini, na dini mbadala|last=Barrett|first=David V.|date=2001|publisher=Cassell & Co|isbn=1-84403-040-7|location=London|ol=3999281M|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1988britannicabo0000daum|title=1988 Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1988|isbn=0-85229-486-7|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Dini (&) Imani ya Bahá'í|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|title=Britannica Book of the Year|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1992|editor-last1=Daume|editor-first1=Daphne|place=Chicago|chapter=Imani ya Baháʼí|editor-last2=Watson|editor-first2=Louise}} *{{Cite book|url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26|title=God Passes By|last=Effendi|first=Shoghi|date=1944|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust|isbn=0-87743-020-9|place=Wilmette, IL|publication-date=1979|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontone0000unse|title=Mapokeo ya Asia|date=2006|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]]|isbn=978-0-275-98712-1|editor-last1=Gallagher|editor-first1=Eugene V.|series=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America|volume=4|location=Westport, Connecticut • London|chapter=Wabaháʼí wa Marekani|editor-last2=Ashcraft|editor-first2=W. Michael|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bahaifaithinamer0000garl|title=Dini ya Baháʼí Marekani|last=Garlington|first=William|date=2008|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-6234-9|edition=Paperback|location=Lanham, Maryland|url-access=registration}} *{{Cite book|title=Kitabu cha Mwongozo cha Dini Mpya na Uzalishaji wa Utamaduni|author-last=Hassall|author-first=Graham|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|year=2012|isbn=978-90-04-22187-1|editor1-last=Cusack|editor1-first=Carol|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=4|location=[[Leiden]]|pages=599–632|chapter=Nyumba ya Ibada ya Bahá’í: Ujanibishaji na Umbo la Kiujumla|doi=10.1163/9789004226487_025|issn=1874-6691|editor2-last=Norman|editor2-first=Alex}} *{{Cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-World-of-the-Bahai-Faith/Stockman/p/book/9781138367722#|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassal|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=581–590|chapter=Sura ya 47: Asia ya Kaskazini-Mashariki}} *{{Cite book|title=Dunia ya Imani ya Bahá'í|last=Hassall|first=Graham|date=2022|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-138-36772-2|editor-last=Stockman|editor-first=Robert H.|location=Oxfordshire, UK|pages=591–602|chapter=Sura ya 48: Oceania|doi=10.4324/9780429027772-55|s2cid=244697166}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hatcher_martin_global_religion|title=The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion|last1=Hatcher|first1=W.S.|last2=Martin|first2=J.D.|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1998|isbn=0-06-065441-4|location=New York}} *{{Cite book|url=https://bahai-library.com/hartz_bahai_faith|title=World Religions: Baháʼí Faith|last=Hartz|first=Paula|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|isbn=978-1-60413-104-8|edition=3rd|location=New York, NY}} *{{Cite 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Pre-Historic Burial Sites|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica|volume=IV|issue=5|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/burial-i|access-date=August 24, 2023|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Burial|2020}}}}</ref> **{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Rafati|first1=V.|last2=Sahba|first2=F.|year=1988|article=BAHAISM ix. Bahai temples|article-url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bahaism-ix|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=III|issue=5|pages=465–467|ref={{sfnref|Iranica-Bahai-temples|1988}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Barrett|editor-first=David B.|date=1982|title=Wafuasi wa dini zote duniani|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=1st|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nairobi|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|1982}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|last1=Barrett|first1=David B.|last2=Kurian|first2=George T.|last3=Johnson|first3=Todd M.|year=2001|title=Muhtasari wa Dunia|encyclopedia=[[World Christian Encyclopedia]]: Utafiti linganishi wa makanisa na dini katika ulimwengu wa kisasa|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|World Christian Encyclopedia|2001}}}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Clarke|editor-first=Peter 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Free Europe|2010}}}} *{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1945379_1944604_1944622,00.html|title=Kuipiga marufuku Dini ya Baháʼí|last=Sullivan|first=Amy|date=8 December 2009|newspaper=Time|access-date=23 February 2012}} *{{Cite news|url=http://news.kodoom.com/en/iran-politics/date-set-for-second-court-session/story/699231/|title=Tarehe yapangwa kwa kikao cha pili cha mahakama kwa Wabaháʼí saba nchini Iran|author=Washington TV|date=20 January 2010|access-date=21 January 2010}} {{refend}} {{refend}} === Nyingine === {{refbegin|24em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|title=Mataifa yenye Wabaháʼí wengi zaidi (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427001103/https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp|archive-date=April 27, 2022|access-date=14 August 2022}} *{{Cite 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Representatives|url=http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human%2BRights%2BCaucus/Briefing%2BTestimonies/11-17-05%2BTestimony%2Bof%2BKit%2BBigelow%2BEgypt%2BBriefing.htm|archive-date=27 December 2006|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061227195313/http://lantos.house.gov/HoR/CA12/Human+Rights+Caucus/Briefing+Testimonies/11-17-05+Testimony+of+Kit+Bigelow+Egypt+Briefing.htm |date=27 Desemba 2006 }} *{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2018/07/woman-expelled-from-iranian-university-just-before-obtaining-degree-because-shes-bahai/|title=Mwanamke Afukuzwa Kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Iran Kabla Tu ya Kupata Shahada kwa Sababu Yeye ni Mbaháʼí|date=29 July 2018|website=Center for Human Rights in Iran|access-date=23 August 2018|ref={{sfnRef|Center for Human Rights in Iran|2018}}}} *{{Cite book|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bahai|title=Dictionary.com Unabridged|publisher=Random House, Inc.|year=2017|edition=4th|contribution=Baháʼí|ref={{sfnRef|Dictionary.com|2017}}}} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|title=Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wachache wa Kidini nchini Iran|author=International Federation of Human Rights|date=August 2003|publisher=FIDH|location=Paris|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2006|access-date=20 October 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm#wrapper|title=Ripoti ya Uhuru wa Dini wa Kimataifa ya mwaka 2013|author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|date=2013|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|access-date=24 April 2015|ref={{sfnRef|International Religious Freedom Report|2013}}}} *{{Cite report|editor-last=Hackett|editor-first=Conrad|editor-last2=Grim|editor-first2=Brian J.|title=Mazingira ya Kidini ya Ulimwengu: Ripoti juu ya Ukubwa na Mgawanyo wa Makundi Makuu ya Dini Duniani kufikia mwaka 2010|pages=53–56 <!-- many other pages report various specific examples across many religions -->|publisher=Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life|via=Boston College|date=Dec 2012|url=https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/jesinst/pdf/Grim-globalReligion-full.pdf|access-date=Aug 16, 2022|ref={{sfnRef|Pew Global Religious Landscape|2012}}}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=December 2006|title=Imani Iliyonyimwa: Mateso dhidi ya Wabaháʼí wa Iran|access-date=1 May 2007|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618202441/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/A-Faith-Denied_Dec06.pdf|archive-date=2009-06-18|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2006}}}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite press release|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=15 May 2008b|title=IHRDC Yalaani Kukamatwa kwa Wabaháʼí Wanaoongoza|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|access-date=17 May 2008|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008b}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010|archivedate=2 Septemba 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902191009/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/PressReleases/2008/Press-05-15-08.pdf}} *{{Cite report|publisher=Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|date=November 2008|title=Uhalifu dhidi ya Ubinadamu: Mashambulizi ya Jamhuri ya Kiislamu dhidi ya Wabaháʼí|location=New Haven, CN|ref={{sfnRef|Iran Human Rights Documentation Center|2008}}|url=http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf|archive-date=2 September 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902192809/http://www.iranhrdc.org/httpdocs/English/pdfs/Reports/Crimes-against-Humanity_Nov08.pdf |date=2 Septemba 2010 }} *{{Cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|title=Mwandishi Maalum kuhusu Uhuru wa Dini au Imani ana wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi wafuasi wa Dini ya Baháʼí nchini Iran wanavyotendewa|last=Jahangir|first=Asma|date=20 March 2006|publisher=United Nations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426122357/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/5E72D6B7B624AABBC125713700572D09?opendocument|archive-date=26 April 2006|access-date=1 June 2006|url-status=live}} *{{Cite thesis|last=Lundberg|first=Zaid|date=2005|type=Master of Arts thesis|title=Ufunuo wa Mwisho katika Dini ya Bahá'í: Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter=Dhana ya Ufunuo wa Maendeleo|chapter-url=http://bahai-library.com/lundberg_bahai_apocalypticism|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=Department of History of Religion at the Faculty of Theology, Lund University, Sweden}} *{{Cite web|url=http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|title=Iran, Jamhuri ya Kiislamu ya|author=Netherlands Institute of Human Rights|date=8 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502110349/http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/e7b8824bdd987268c1256fa8004a8753?OpenDocument|archive-date=2 May 2006|access-date=31 May 2006|url-status=dead}} {{refend}} [[Jamii:Bahai]] 5ega6nlz6ry3ob4txexrdvt8yecyo0h 0 191423 1582310 1366958 2026-07-29T00:34:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Acharya''' ([[17 Januari]] [[1912]] – [[31 Januari]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mmonaki]] wa [[Citeaux|Wasitoo]] aliyezaliwa [[Ubelgiji]] na baadaye akawa raia wa [[India]]. Mnamo mwaka 1998, alianzisha Kristiya Sanyasa Samaj, Kurisumala Ashram ya madhehebu ya [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kisiria la Malankara]] huko [[Kerala]], India. Baadaye, alihusishwa na Ombwe la Trappist.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kurisumalaashram.in/our-founders/ |title=''Kurisumala Ashram'' official website |accessdate=2024-11-23 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211150744/http://kurisumalaashram.in/our-founders/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cistopedia.org/index.php?id=9116|title=Cistercian persons and terms: Acharya, Francis}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Jamii:wabenedikto]] [[Jamii:wasitoo]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uhindi]] t9rbeiympbt6rhgfzm28erfn23fvmw4 1582313 1582310 2026-07-29T03:49:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Acharya''' ([[17 Januari]] [[1912]] – [[31 Januari]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mmonaki]] wa [[Citeaux|Wasitoo]] aliyezaliwa [[Ubelgiji]] na baadaye akawa raia wa [[India]]. Mnamo mwaka 1998, alianzisha Kristiya Sanyasa Samaj, Kurisumala Ashram ya madhehebu ya [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kisiria la Malankara]] huko [[Kerala]], India. Baadaye, alihusishwa na Ombwe la Trappist.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.kurisumalaashram.in/our-founders/ |title=''Kurisumala Ashram'' official website |accessdate=2024-11-23 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211150744/http://kurisumalaashram.in/our-founders/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cistopedia.org/index.php?id=9116|title=Cistercian persons and terms: Acharya, Francis}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Jamii:wabenedikto]] [[Jamii:wasitoo]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uhindi]] 5mn6k9pmxdjs6ft5qr271uyruid1q6l 0 196408 1582309 1512122 2026-07-28T21:01:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farida Feza''', Alizaliwa Januari 8, 1999, ni mchezaji wa kimataifa wa Kongo ambaye anacheza kama kiungo. == Wasifu == === Kazi ya klabu === Alikuwa na maamuzi katika fainali ya Kombe la Wanawake la Congo 2018, akifunga bao pekee la AC Colombe katika dakika ya sita dhidi ya AS Epah Ngamba. === Kazi ya kimataifa === Mwaka 2015, alishiriki katika mechi za kufuzu kwa Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake chini ya miaka 20 mwaka 2016. Alichaguliwa DR Congo katika ngazi ya juu katika Kombe la Wanawake la UNIFFAC 2020, ambalo lilishuhudia mchujo kumaliza kama washindi wa pili. === Malengo ya kimataifa === ''Matokeo na alama zinaorodhesha mabao ya DR Congo ya kwanza.'' {| class="wikitable" !Hapana ! Tarehe ! Mahali ! Mpinzani ! Alama ! Matokeo ! Mashindano ! Kumbukumbu |- |{{Centrer|1}} | Februari 20, 2020 | Estadio de Ebibeyin, Ebibeyin, Equatorial Guinea | Guinea ya Ikweta |{{Centrer|'''1'''–1}} |{{Centrer|1–1}} | Kombe la UNIFFAC la Wanawake 2020 | <ref name="CODEQG">{{Rejea jarida|date=21 February 2020|title=Foot-Tournoi Féminin Uniffac: Après la sensation face à la Guinée Équatoriale (1-1), la RDC affronte la RCA|url=https://editeur.cd/newsdetails.php?newsid=419|journal=Editeur|language=fr|archive-date=2025-11-16|access-date=2025-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116170046/https://editeur.cd/newsdetails.php?newsid=419|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Orodha ya tuzo == * Mshindi wa Fainali ya Kombe la Wanawake la UNIFFAC 2020 akiwa na DR Congo * Mshindi wa Kombe la Soka la Wanawake la Kongo 2018 akiwa na AC Colombe 7pwwgi163qm2itl506328gmlppnw967 0 205625 1582314 1512701 2026-07-29T05:01:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Genevieve Mary Lloyd''' (alizaliwa [[16 Oktoba]], [[1941]] huko Cootamundra, [[New South Wales]]), ni mwanafilosofia na feministi kutoka [[Australia]]. ==Maisha== Lloyd alisoma falsafa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960 na kisha katika Chuo cha Somerville, Oxford. Doctor of Philosophy yake, aliyopewa mnamo 1973, ilikuwa kuhusu "Wakati na Wakati wa Sasa". Kuanzia 1967 hadi 1987 alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Australia, kipindi ambacho alikunda mawazo yake yenye ushawishi mkubwa na aliandika ''The Man of Reason'', ambayo ilichapishwa mnamo 1984. Mnamo 1987 aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa falsafa katika Chuo Kikuu cha New South Wales, akiwa profesa wa kwanza wa kike wa falsafa kuteuliwa nchini Australia. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mjumbe wa Academy ya Binadamu ya Australia mnamo 1995.Alipopumzika, aliteuliwa kuwa Professor Emeritus. == Maisha ya Biografia == Lloyd alisoma falsafa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sydney mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960 na kisha katika Somerville College, Oxford. Doctor of Philosophy yake, aliyopewa mwaka wa 1973, ilikuwa kuhusu "Time and Tense" (Wakati na Uvundo). Kuanzia 1967 hadi 1987 alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Australia, ambapo aliendeleza mawazo yake yenye ushawishi mkubwa na kuandika ''The Man of Reason'', kitabu kilichochapishwa mwaka wa 1984. Mwaka 1987 aliteuliwa kuwa profesa wa falsafa katika Chuo Kikuu cha New South Wales, akiwa profesa wa kwanza wa kike wa falsafa aliyeteuliwa nchini Australia.Alichaguliwa kuwa Mhadhiri wa Academy ya Binadamu ya Australia mwaka 1995.Alipojistaafu, aliteuliwa kuwa Profesa Emerita. ==Kazi ya Filozofia== Makala ya Lloyd ya mwaka 1979 ''The Man of Reason'' inachunguza ushawishi wa falsafa ya Rationalism|rationalist ya karne ya kumi na saba juu ya mitazamo ya kisasa kuhusu jinsia na mantiki.Inadai kwamba mbinu ya Cartesian ilichochea mgawanyiko mpya kati ya mantiki, kwa upande mmoja, na hisia na mawazo kwa upande mwingine. "Mtu wa Mantiki" alifikiwa zaidi kama kielelezo cha kimaadili (sio tu cha ki-epistemic) katika Ethics (Spinoza book) ya Spinoza. Ingawa rationalism ya Descartes na Spinoza haijawa maarufu leo, Lloyd anadai kwamba tunaendelea kuishi na kielelezo cha Mtu wa Mantiki ambacho kazi yao ilianzisha. Alijitolea kuendeleza mawazo haya zaidi katika kitabu chake cha 1984 kilichobeba jina lilelile, ''The Man of Reason''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lloyd |first1=Genevieve |title=The Man of Reason |journal=Metaphilosophy |date=1979 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=18–37 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9973.1979.tb00062.x |jstor=24435599 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24435599 |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/moen/for%20WKV%20site/LLOYDHelpsheet.html |title=Help Sheet on Genevieve Lloyd |accessdate=2025-03-24 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224545/http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/moen/for%20WKV%20site/LLOYDHelpsheet.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224143/http://members.cruzio.com/~syoung/Terra/eng2a3c.htm Women of Philosophy, Stirring Up The Pot] Report of talk</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060903035454/http://dscholarship.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1157&context=undergrad Waking Sleeping Beauty] Honours thesis discussing Lloyd on [[Descartes]]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Fellow Profile: Genevieve Lloyd |url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=445 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Australian Academy of the Humanities |language=en-AU |archive-date=2024-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429194259/https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=445 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Bibliography== === Vitabu === * {{cite book | last = Lloyd | first = Genevieve | title = Mtu wa Mantiki: "ume" na "ke" katika falsafa ya Magharibi (toleo la pili) | url = https://archive.org/details/manofreasonmalef0000lloy | year = 1993 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 0-415-09681-2 }}* {{cite book | last = Lloyd | first = Genevieve | title = Being in time: selves and narrators in philosophy and literature | url = https://archive.org/details/beingintimeselve0000lloy | url-access = registration | year = 1993 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 9780415071963 }} * {{cite book | last = Lloyd | first = Genevieve | title = Part of nature: self-knowledge in Spinoza's Ethics | year = 1994 | publisher = Cornell University Press | isbn = 9780801429996 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/partofnatureself00lloy }} * {{cite book | last = Lloyd | first = Genevieve | title = Routledge philosophy guidebook to Spinoza and the ethics | url = https://archive.org/details/routledgephiloso0000lloy_k3k8 | year = 1996 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 9780415107822 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Lloyd | first1 = Genevieve | last2 = Gatens | first2 = Moira | author-link2 = Moira Gatens | title = Collective imaginings: Spinoza, past and present | year = 1999 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 9780415165716 }} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 6fjw8dgrohsl7rypxbsrq02a5gwvg73 4 208508 1582265 1582230 2026-07-28T14:20:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 474 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 568 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2379 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 938 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 12967 || ↓ -26.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 75.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 922 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 4 || [[Ufaransa]] || 512 || ↑ +3.0% |- | 5 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 6 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 7 || [[Misri]] || 445 || ↑ +45.0% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 383 || ↓ -31.6% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↓ -14.6% |- | 10 || [[Irani]] || 344 || ↓ -27.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} e5l3b89u6s31svuu4yexq8i4oqdnsy7 1582266 1582265 2026-07-28T14:24:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 474 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 568 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2379 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 938 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20327 || ↓ -24.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 117.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2379 || ↓ -19.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 922 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 512 || ↑ +3.0% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 487 || ↑ +10.2% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 9 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 474 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 445 || ↑ +45.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} ngjkw29dald0mp6jpnlfni3s5eovzb4 1582303 1582266 2026-07-28T19:41:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 474 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 568 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2379 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 938 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20327 || ↓ -24.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 117.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2379 || ↓ -19.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 922 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 512 || ↑ +3.0% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 487 || ↑ +10.2% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 9 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 474 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 445 || ↑ +45.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 1pxxlc9lf456n12n2j2qx4zb2bww0g5 1582304 1582303 2026-07-28T19:41:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-28) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-28)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 474 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 568 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2379 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 938 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 383 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 495 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 443 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 479 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 512 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 763 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 406 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22705 || ↓ -25.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 131.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2379 || ↓ -19.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 922 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 512 || ↑ +3.0% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 487 || ↑ +10.2% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 9 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 474 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 445 || ↑ +45.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 4nsyz3w6pub7mph61djmume9j7zs5lb 1582311 1582304 2026-07-29T02:58:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 543 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 509 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22705 || ↓ -25.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 131.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2379 || ↓ -19.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 922 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 763 || ↓ -56.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 568 || ↓ -23.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 512 || ↑ +3.0% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 495 || ↑ +91.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 487 || ↑ +10.2% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 479 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 9 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 474 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 445 || ↑ +45.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} lw7qnqjlrafw20wid16ny0ld2llp50w 1582312 1582311 2026-07-29T03:16:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 543 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 509 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 325 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 7970 || ↓ -29.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 46.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 4 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 5 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 381 || ↓ -32.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 381 || ↓ -10.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 331 || ↓ -29.9% |- | 9 || [[Norwei]] || 274 || ↑ +74.5% |- | 10 || [[Uswisi]] || 233 || ↓ -8.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 0fgt6utn1b991p2u15cvpylctmvbedn 1582316 1582312 2026-07-29T08:48:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 473 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 554 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 516 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 7970 || ↓ -29.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 46.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 4 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 5 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 381 || ↓ -32.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 381 || ↓ -10.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 331 || ↓ -29.9% |- | 9 || [[Norwei]] || 274 || ↑ +74.5% |- | 10 || [[Uswisi]] || 233 || ↓ -8.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} g5y1c72udf0lz31khfkvcyjwfppsm3g 1582317 1582316 2026-07-29T08:50:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 473 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 554 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 516 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22388 || ↓ -25.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 129.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2375 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 516 || ↑ +7.1% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 488 || ↑ +12.2% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 473 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 439 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 2rj6u8pi06vtc80uygfr8ewu5twf2yh 0 225419 1582276 1582247 2026-07-28T14:42:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Hazel''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[balozi]] wa [[Ghana]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la Evalue Gwira (Ghana parliament constituency) katika [[Mkoa wa Magharibi]] wa Ghana kutoka 2001 hadi 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Ghana MPs}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Hazel alisoma katika University of Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018-02-15 |title=Former Ghana Ambassador Meets LDS Leaders |url=http://news-gh.churchofjesuschrist.org/former-ghana-ambassador-meets-lds-leaders- |access-date=2020-09-04 |website=news -Ghana Church of Jesus Christ |language=en}}</ref> Kabla ya kuteuliwa kuwa [[balozi]] wa Ghana katika [[Denmark]] na [[Finland]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/business/ghana-finland-ties-minister-calls-for-closer-ties-with-finland/0qs8qlj |title=Minister calls for closer ties with Finland |accessdate=2026-03-09 |archive-date=2022-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911154937/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/business/ghana-finland-ties-minister-calls-for-closer-ties-with-finland/0qs8qlj |url-status=dead }}</ref> mnamo Julai 2014, alishikilia wadhifa wa Naibu Kiongozi wa ujumbe wa Ghana huko [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Marekani]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ghana]] 49gyq8q5nxz9sr51djn6omg2fuj44ld 0 226220 1582306 1499202 2026-07-28T19:58:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eyerusalem Jiregna''' (amezaliwa 1993) ni mpiga picha kutoka nchini Ethiopia. == Kazi == Makao yake makuu ni [[Addis Ababa]] na anajikita katika wanawake wanaofanya kazi zisizo za kawaida za kike yaani zisizo jadi. Anajulikana picha zake za wanawake wa eneo la [[Harar]]. Jiregna alisoma chuo kikuu nchini Marekani ambapo alichukua kozi ya uandishi wa habari wa upigaji picha. Alifanya kazi kama mwandishi mpiga picha na aliporudi [[Ethiopia]] na kuanzisha biashara yake ya upigaji picha. Pia alifundishwa kama mbunifu wa mitindo. Kwa hivyo, kazi yake mara nyingi huzingatia kitambaa. Jiregna anataka kuionyesha Ethiopia kuwa kama ilivyo kwa ulimwengu wote. Ameonyesha katika Jumba la Sanaa Nzuri la Addis. <ref name="Addis Fine Art 2015">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Eyerusalem Jiregna biography|work=Addis Fine Art|date=2015-08-07|url=https://addisfineart.com/artists/56-eyerusalem-jiregna/biography/|accessdate=2020-03-07|archive-date=2019-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213081928/https://addisfineart.com/artists/56-eyerusalem-jiregna/biography/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Baku Magazine 2018">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Five of the best Instagram accounts in Ethiopia to follow now|work=Baku Magazine|date=2018-04-09|url=https://baku-magazine.com/everything-else/best-instagram-ethiopia/|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> <ref name="Mba 2019">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mba|first=Adora|title=The Instagram photos reframing Africa|work=BBC|date=2019-10-17|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20191017-the-photos-reframing-africa|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> <ref name="Jordan 2019">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Jordan|first=Eliza|title=How Eyerusalem Adugna Jirenga is Changing the Narrative of Ethiopia One Image at a Time|work=Whitewall|date=2019-04-18|url=https://www.whitewall.art/art/eyerusalem-adugna-jirenga-changing-narrative-ethopia-one-image-time|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> <ref name="Tadias Magazine">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Addis Fine Art Exhibit Puts Focus on New Generation of Ethiopian Photographers at Tadias Magazine|work=Tadias Magazine|url=http://www.tadias.com/04/02/2019/addis-fine-art-exhibit-puts-focus-on-new-generation-o|language=mg|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> <ref name="artnet News 2019">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ethiopia's Art Scene Has Long Suffered From a Disinterested Government. But Shifting Politics Might Soon Make Culture a Priority|work=artnet News|date=2019-07-23|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/art-in-ethiopia-1605268|accessdate=2020-03-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ethiopia]] 9ggkfh4o778ngoxtcgwg142r24sk011 1728 231222 1582287 1544627 2026-07-28T17:44:16Z BrixL 43609 Picha 1582287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania 2026 | themecolor = #0063BF | headerstyle = padding: 0.5em 0.70em; | tab1 = [[Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania 2026|Washiriki]] | tab2 = [[Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania 2026|Lengo]] | tab3 = [[Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania 2026|Ratiba]] | tab4 = [[Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania 2026|Agenda]] | subtab4-1 = | subtab4-2 = | active = 4 }} [[File:Wiki for Minorities.svg|thumb|Wiki for Minorities|Nembo ya Wiki for Minorities]] [[File:2B1A6405Villagers of Ngorongoro Minorities in ceremony dance 2.jpg|thumb|Wamasai wa Ngorongoro]] [[Jamii:Editathons swwiki]] ah7zpppxah4f8kdidsxm05siq1l133l 0 238129 1582319 1549590 2026-07-29T09:33:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godrich Gardee''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini na Makamu wa [[Rais]] wa chama cha Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). Alianza kujihusisha na siasa mnamo mwaka 1985 na ana Stashahada ya Juu ya Kitaifa ya [[Uhasibu]] (Higher National Diploma in Accounting) pamoja na Ukaguzi wa Ndani (National Park Auditing).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PICS: EFF'S GODRICH GARDEE GRADUATES WITH LLB!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/news/national/pics-effs-goldrich-gardee-graduates-with-lbb-20180508|work=Daily Sun|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-US|author=Sun Reporter|archive-date=2025-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528145833/https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/News/National/pics-effs-goldrich-gardee-graduates-with-lbb-20180508|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nafasi yake ya Katibu Mkuu ilichukuliwa na Marshall Dlamini mnamo Desemba 2019, na kufuatia hatua hiyo alijiuzulu nafasi yake kama Mbunge mnamo tarehe 28 Februari 2020. Baadaye, alichaguliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa chama hicho mnamo Desemba 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Godrich Gardee replaces Floyd Shivambu as Malema returns for third term as EFF president|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/godrich-gardee-deputy-president-eff-npa/|work=The Citizen|date=2024-12-14|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en|author=Itumeleng Mafisa}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2022, binti yake Gardee, aitwaye Hillary Gardee, mwenye [[umri]] wa miaka 28 na mhitimu wa [[fani]] ya Teknolojia ya Habari (IT), alitekwa nyara na kuuawa huko Mbombela. Wapita njia waliupata mwili wake usio na uhai siku chache baadaye kando ya msitu, katika eneo la pembezoni mwa barabara ya kuelekea Sabie. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] 9j46q3j074h1khhthk6e5slzsqn4anr 0 239947 1582279 1558766 2026-07-28T15:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel T. Tetteh''' (alizaliwa 10 Oktoba 1938) ni mwanasiasa na mfanyabiashara wa viwanda kutoka [[Ghana]]. Aliiwakilisha jimbo la Lower Manya (Ghana parliament constituency) kama mbunge wa bunge la kwanza la jamhuri ya nne ya Ghana katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Ghana Parliamentary Register 1992-1996}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs |url=[http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463](http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463) |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=Ghana MP's }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Tetteh alizaliwa tarehe 10 Oktoba 1938 katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa Ghana. Alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya St. Acquinas ambapo alipata Cheti cha Elimu ya Jumla cha kiwango cha Ordinary Level (GCE).<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gc6e7q6tax43dcif8k608nhaoja1804 4 241032 1582262 1582198 2026-07-28T13:21:04Z LilianErasto 89931 /* Wanachama */ 1582262 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:KILI-WIKI Digital Club.jpg|thumb|Kili Wiki Digital Club]]'''Kili Wiki Digital Club''' ni jumuiya ya wavumbuzi vijana waliojitolea kujifunza, kuunda maarifa huria, ubunifu kwa kutumia teknolojia za kidijitali, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2025 kwa lengo la kuwawezesha vijana kujifunza kwa kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa kadha wa kadha kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Klabu hii imejengwa juu ya misingi ya ushirikiano, mafunzo endelevu na matumizi ya teknolojia kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kielimu. Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa kitovu kinachowaunganisha vijana na fursa za maarifa na teknolojia katika ngazi mbalimbali kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/News/May_2026/Wiki_Digital_Youth_Club_Launches_in_Tanzania:_Youth_Build_Digital_Skills_Through_Competitive_Quest_Challenges |website=Meta-Wiki |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |date=2026-05 |access-date=2026-07-27 }}</ref> == Historia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ilianzishwa mwaka 2025 na kundi la vijana waliokuwa na shauku ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. Kupitia maono ya pamoja, vijana hao waliamua kuanzisha jukwaa ambalo lingewezesha kujifunza kwa vitendo, kubadilishana uzoefu na kushiriki katika shughuli zinazochangia ukuaji wa maarifa huria ndani na nje ya Tanzania.<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wiki_Digi_Youth_project_in_Tanzania</ref> Katika hatua zake za mwanzo, klabu ilianza kushiriki katika programu mbalimbali za kujifunza zilizohusisha misheni, majaribio na shughuli za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. Programu hizo ziliendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania pamoja na viongozi na wataalamu mbalimbali kutoka nchi nyingine za Afrika waliokuwa wakiratibu shughuli za kujifunza na kujenga uwezo wa vijana. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu walipata nafasi ya kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika, ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine zilizokuwa sehemu ya Ushirikiano. Ushiriki huo uliwawezesha kujifunza kutoka kwa tamaduni tofauti, kubadilishana uzoefu na kujenga mtandao mpana wa vijana wanaojihusisha na maarifa huria na teknolojia. Moja ya mafanikio ya kwanza ya klabu ilikuwa kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika misheni ya kwanza iliyolenga kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa jumuiya. Ushindi huo ulitokana na ubunifu wa wanachama katika kuwasilisha maono, dhamira, maadili na hadithi ya klabu kwa namna iliyoonesha utambulisho wake wa kipekee na mwelekeo wake wa maendeleo. Msemo wa Klabu: "Tunainuka kwa Mawazo. Tunaongoza kwa Nguvu ya Kidijitali." == Asili ya Jina == Jina Kili Wiki limechochewa na Mlima Kilimanjaro, alama ya fahari ya Tanzania na mojawapo ya vivutio vinavyotambulika zaidi Afrika. Jina hili linaakisi mahali ambapo klabu ilianzishwa pamoja na maono yake ya kuwa kitovu cha maarifa, ubunifu na maendeleo ya kidijitali kwa vijana. Kama Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyosimama kama ishara ya uthabiti, mafanikio na utambulisho wa Afrika, Kili Wiki Digital Club inalenga kuwa jukwaa linalowaunganisha vijana na fursa za kujifunza, kushirikiana na kushiriki maarifa katika ngazi za kitaifa na kimataifa.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Programs/Wikimedia_Community_Fund/Rapid_Fund/Digital_Youth_Clubs_in_Tanzania_(ID:_23657334)</ref> == Dhamira == Dhamira ya Kili Wiki Digital Club ni kufungua fursa za kidijitali kwa vijana kupitia kujenga ujuzi, kushirikisha maarifa na kuhamasisha ushirikiano unaotumia teknolojia kama chombo cha maendeleo. Klabu pia inalenga kukuza umahiri wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uchangiaji wa maudhui ya maarifa huria, hususani kupitia majukwaa ya Wikimedia na Wikipedia.<ref>https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Digi-Youth_Club</ref> Klabu inalenga: * Kuhamasisha ubunifu na fikra za kimkakati kwa vijana. * Kupanua upatikanaji wa maarifa huria na elimu ya kidijitali. * Kujenga jamii inayoshirikiana katika kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu. * Kuwezesha vijana kutumia teknolojia katika kutatua changamoto za kijamii. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika miradi ya maarifa huria na maendeleo ya kidijitali. * Kuimarisha uwezo wa vijana katika uandishi, uhariri na uboreshaji wa makala za Wikipedia pamoja na majukwaa mengine ya Wikimedia. == Wanachama == Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club ni vijana wanaounganishwa na nia ya kujifunza, kushirikiana na kutumia teknolojia kwa manufaa ya jamii. Kundi la kwanza la wanachama lilijumuisha vijana waliohusika moja kwa moja katika kuanzisha klabu na kuweka msingi wa shughuli zake. Wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club: #[[mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|Godsplan jr]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godsplan jr|majadiliano]])''' 18:11, 22 Julai 2026 (UTC) #'''[[Mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|Agness Abubakar Saidi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Agness Abubakar Saidi|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) #[[mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]]''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' #[[mtumiaji:Francakiria|Francakiria]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Francakiria|majadiliano]])''' #[[mtumiaji: LilianErasto|LilianErasto]] ''' ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji: LilianErasto|majadiliano]])''' == Shughuli == Kili Wiki Digital Club huendesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika maarifa huria na teknolojia za kidijitali. Shughuli hizo ni pamoja na: * Kuchangia maarifa katika miradi mbalimbali ya Wikimedia. * Mafunzo ya matumizi ya majukwaa ya kidijitali. * Warsha za kujenga ujuzi wa uandishi wa maudhui na usimamizi wa taarifa. * Miradi ya maarifa huria inayolenga kuongeza upatikanaji wa taarifa na maarifa. * Shughuli za upigaji picha na uhifadhi wa nyaraka za kidijitali. * Misheni na majaribio yanayokuza ushindani chanya, ubunifu na ushirikiano wa vijana katika ngazi ya Afrika. Mikutano ya kujifunza na kubadilishana uzoefu kati ya wanachama na wataalamu wa sekta mbalimbali. Shughuli nyingi za klabu zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa mfumo wa timu, zikihamasisha ushirikiano na kujifunza kwa vitendo huku zikizingatia misingi ya maarifa huria inayotumiwa katika harakati za Wikimedia. == Ushiriki katika Jamii == Kili Wiki Digital Club imekuwa ikishiriki na shughuli za kijamii zinazolenga kuleta mchango chanya katika jamii na pia katika quest na challenge mbalimbali zilizolenga kujenga uwezo wa vijana katika matumizi ya teknolojia, maarifa huria na ubunifu wa kidijitali. Shughuli hizi zimekuwa zikiratibiwa kwa ushirikiano na wawezeshaji wenye uzoefu kutoka Tanzania na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Kupitia programu hizo, wanachama wa klabu wamepata fursa ya kujifunza kutoka kwa wataalamu na viongozi wa jamii za Wikimedia waliobobea katika maeneo tofauti ya maarifa huria, uandishi wa maudhui ya kidijitali, mawasiliano na uongozi wa vijana. Quest na challenge hizo zimekuwa zikifanyika kwa lengo la kuhamasisha ushiriki wa vijana na kujenga mazingira ya ushindani chanya miongoni mwa jamii za vijana barani Afrika. Katika shughuli hizo, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameweza kushirikiana na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali ikiwemo Nigeria, Rwanda na nchi nyingine za Afrika, jambo lililochangia kuimarisha mtandao wa ushirikiano wa kikanda na kubadilishana uzoefu. == Mafanikio == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 2025, Kili Wiki Digital Club imefanikiwa: * Kushiriki katika quest na challenge mbalimbali za maendeleo ya ujuzi wa kidijitali. * Kujenga ushirikiano na vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. * Kuibuka mshindi wa kwanza katika quest ya kuandaa na kuwasilisha utambulisho wa klabu. * Kukuza ushiriki wa vijana katika shughuli za maarifa huria na teknolojia. * Kuimarisha uhusiano na jamii ya Wikimedia kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. == Uhusiano na Wikimedia == Kili Wiki Digital Club ni sehemu ya jamii pana ya vijana inayoshirikiana na Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community. Kupitia uhusiano huu, klabu imekuwa ikishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maarifa huria, ujenzi wa jamii za Wikimedia, mafunzo ya uhariri wa maudhui na uhifadhi wa maarifa ya ndani kwa matumizi ya kizazi cha sasa na kijacho. Ushirikiano huu umeiwezesha klabu kuwafikia Vijana, washirika na wanajamii wengine wa Wikimedia ndani na nje ya Tanzania. Pia umechangia kukuza utamaduni wa kujitolea, ushirikiano na matumizi ya maarifa huria kama nyenzo ya maendeleo ya jamii. Kupitia Kilimanjaro Wikimedia Community, wanachama wa Kili Wiki Digital Club wameendelea kupata fursa za kujifunza, kushiriki katika kampeni za kikanda na kimataifa, pamoja na kuwakilisha sauti za vijana wa Tanzania katika harakati za maarifa huria duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} aj9yqb6ml5yp5jdybtcm2y9jetie06f 2 242220 1582282 1582163 2026-07-28T16:30:11Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1582282 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Ivetta Sarkisyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. <br> <br> == Katika utamaduni == l7i9fsggf57ozwq4whubsmpjv6p72u1 1582283 1582282 2026-07-28T16:31:22Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1582283 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> ==Maisha ya kibinafsi== Andrei Gusev anaishi Moscow. Aliolewa mara mbili na kutalikiana mara mbili. Mke wake wa kwanza Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko) alifanya kazi kama muuguzi; mke wake wa pili Ivetta Sarkisyan ni mwanafalsafa (mchambuzi wa fasihi) kwa elimu. Ana mabinti wawili.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hobby yake ni ufugaji nyuki. <br> <br> == Katika utamaduni == <br><br><br> 0zcf0uv1yn8n2oysn2xeuvuqwwswahi 1582321 1582283 2026-07-29T09:37:55Z Amanich7 44301 Maandishi yaliyokuwepo yalichukuliwa nafasi na ' <P><br> <br> == Katika utamaduni == <br><br><br>' 1582321 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> <br> == Katika utamaduni == <br><br><br> bzzb95rizx3vqygexl0olvogafr7rkq 0 242527 1582273 1581191 2026-07-28T14:31:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa C. Minor-Brown''' ([[19 Aprili]] [[1984]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]]. Anahudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Delaware, akiwakilisha wilaya ya 17. Tangu [[Januari]] [[2025]], amekuwa Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Delaware. Kabla ya nafasi hiyo, aliwahi kuhudumu kama Kiongozi wa Wengi katika baraza hilo.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barrish |first1=Cris |title=Women running the House: Glass ceiling 'shattered' in Delaware General Assembly |url=https://whyy.org/articles/delaware-first-female-house-speaker-valerie-longhurst/ |work=WHYY |date=July 7, 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 2omfiq6uxpuycx5hltrfzed2r7yrop0 0 242528 1582271 1581193 2026-07-28T14:29:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosa Lee Hill''' ([[25 Septemba]] [[1910]] – [[22 Oktoba]] [[1968]]) alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]] wa muziki wa [[blues]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name="LarkinGE">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|date=1992|publisher=[[Guinness Publishing]]|isbn=0-85112-939-0|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|edition=First|page=1147}}</ref> Alizaliwa kwa jina la Rosa Lee Hemphill huko [[Como]], [[Mississippi]], Marekani.<ref name="AMG">{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p187868|pure_url=yes}}|title=Rosa Lee Hill|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=March 13, 2010}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 1968]] [[Jamii: Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] hsx39l7c1bxyhfn7owp0zqf9hyj453c 0 242530 1582296 1581808 2026-07-28T18:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Estella Daniels''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[dansi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi ya Nala katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha Sinbad. == Kazi == Estella Daniels amefanya kazi kwa kiwango kikubwa katika ukumbi wa michezo, akionekana katika maonyesho mbalimbali kama Racing Demon katika Ukumbi wa Crucible huko [[Sheffield]], Iya Ile katika Ukumbi wa Soho, na Festa katika ukumbi wa Young Vic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/i402747-8/sinbad-first-look-estella-daniels-as-the-aristocratic-nala.html|title=Estella Daniels as the aristocratic Nala - Sinbad - First Look|publisher=Digital Spy|date=|access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.m.yahoo.com/w/legobpengine/tv/news/elliot-knight-and-estella-daniels-interview---sinbad.html?.b=features&.ts=1350802553&.tsrc=yahoo&.ysid=H8Ep26ScTr8T3zlADdhAuZwY&.intl=gb&.lang=en-gb|title=Yahoo!|publisher=Uk.m.yahoo.com|date=|access-date=2012-11-07}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka [[2011]], kituo cha Sky1 kilitangaza kuwa Daniels angecheza nafasi ya Nala katika tamthilia ya televisheni Sinbad, akiwa pamoja na waigizaji Elliot Knight na Marama Corlett. Daniels pia alionekana katika kipindi cha televisheni Da Vinci's Demons mwaka [[2013]], pamoja na msimu wa pili wa Death in Paradise.<ref name="curtisbrown1">{{cite web|url=http://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/estella-daniels//works/|title=Estella Daniels credits|publisher=Curtisbrown.co.uk|date=|access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Uingereza]] ejx199yhrnokntwo38n9advuh9xdton 0 242537 1582270 1581208 2026-07-28T14:29:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Xavier'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=blackottawa|date=2023-07-01|title=Dave Tulloch: Profile - Caroline Xavier, Deputy Minister|url=https://blackottawascene.com/dave-tulloch-profile-caroline-xavier-deputy-minister/|access-date=2024-05-26|website=Black Ottawa Scene|language=en-US}}</ref> ni Mkuu wa Taasisi ya Usalama wa Mawasiliano ya Kanada (CSE) tangu [[Agosti]] [[2022]]. Pia ni binti wa wahamiaji kutoka [[Haiti]] ambao walihamia [[Kanada]] kwa ajili ya masomo na baadaye wakaweka makazi yao nchini humo. Xavier alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ottawa akiwa na shahada ya Utawala, na baadaye akapata shahada ya uzamili kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Dalhousie huko [[Nova Scotia]]. Amehudumu kama mtumishi wa umma kwa zaidi ya miaka 30, akifanya kazi katika taasisi mbalimbali za serikali ya Kanada, zikiwemo Industry Canada, Canada Revenue Agency, na Canada Border Services Agency.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Communications Security Establishment|date=2022-08-31|title=Caroline Xavier|url=https://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/corporate-information/caroline-xavier|access-date=2024-05-26|website=Communications Security Establishment Canada|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2017]], aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu Msaidizi wa Baraza la Mawaziri anayehusika na Usalama na Ujasusi katika Ofisi ya Baraza la Faragha. Mnamo Februari [[2020]], aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri Msaidizi wa Uhamiaji, Wakimbizi na Uraia wa Serikali ya Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship|date=February 11, 2020|title=Associate Deputy Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Caroline Xavier – Canada.ca|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/deputy-ministers/associate-deputy-minister.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715162235/https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/deputy-ministers/associate-deputy-minister.html|archive-date=July 15, 2018|access-date=May 14, 2020|website=www.canada.ca|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe [[31 Agosti]] [[2022]], aliteuliwa kuwa Mkuu wa Taasisi ya Usalama wa Mawasiliano ya Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 8, 2022|title=The Prime Minister announces changes in the senior ranks of the Public Service|url=https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2022/07/08/prime-minister-announces-changes-senior-ranks-public-service|access-date=2024-05-26|website=Prime Minister of Canada|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2023]], alitambuliwa na Shifter kama mmoja wa wanawake Weusi bora nchini Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=SHIFTER|date=2023-03-07|title=Outstanding Black Women in Canada 2023 presented by SHIFTER|url=https://shiftermagazine.com/canada/outstanding-black-women-in-canada-2023|access-date=2024-05-26|website=SHIFTER Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] mo6eclky8xs5ha1ma5hwd7tgdplqhhw 0 242564 1582268 1581249 2026-07-28T14:25:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celestina Aladekoba''' ni [[msanii]] wa kurekodi, [[dansi]] na [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Nigeria]] na [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuonekana katika video ya muziki ya Prince ya wimbo "Black Sweat", pamoja na kushiriki katika msimu wa awali wa kipindi cha uhalisia cha MTV kuhusu dansi, ''DanceLife''.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web|title=Biography: Celestina|work=Dancelife: Meet the Cast (season one)|publisher=MTV|year=2006|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/dyn/dancelife/series.jhtml#/ontv/dyn/dancelife/cast_member/bio.jhtml?personalityId=8418|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061228115054/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/dyn/dancelife/series.jhtml#/ontv/dyn/dancelife/cast_member/bio.jhtml?personalityId=8418|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 28, 2006|format=flash|accessdate=2007-04-09}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waimbaji wa Nigeria]] 2r6gnqda5ewhlb3mya0j78qs2hxvz1y 0 242704 1582272 1581492 2026-07-28T14:30:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Kivuva''' ni jina la ukoo linalopatikana nchini [[Kenya]]. Watu maarufu wenye jina hili la ukoo ni pamoja na: * Jackson Kivuva (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1989) – mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki katika mbio za masafa ya kati (middle-distance running). * Martin Kivuva Musonde (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1952) – Askofu Mkuu wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma nchini Kenya.Mareje [[Jamii:Majina ya Ukoo]] 84fraabbadcu6w8nuggip6ob4jpmbjk 0 242715 1582274 1581508 2026-07-28T14:33:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Mburu''' ni jina la ukoo lenye asili ya [[Kenya]]. Watu maarufu wenye jina hili la ukoo ni pamoja na: * Beth Mburu-Bowie (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1987) – [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Uingereza]]. * Kenneth Mburu Mungara (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1973) – mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za marathoni, na bingwa mara nne wa mashindano ya Toronto Waterfront Marathon. * Stanley Waithaka Mburu (aliyezaliwa mwaka 2000) – mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu (long-distance running).Marejeo [[Jamii:Majina ya Ukoo]] 3h4ncyh62p8eazwv5esnmfqmhh531hq 0 242752 1582280 1581681 2026-07-28T15:48:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Empogola''' ni chakula cha asili nchini [[Uganda]], ambacho kwa kiasi kubwa kinajumuisha ndizi mbichi (matoke) zinazopikwa zikiwa na maganda yake. Chakula hiki hupendwa sana katika maeneo mbalimbali nchini Uganda na mara nyingi huliwa pamoja na nyama za kuchoma kama vile nyama ya nguruwe au ''muchomo'' (nyama choma).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-06-27|title=Local Ugandan Food. 10 Ugandan Dishes To Taste On Your Visit {{!}} Exclusive African Safaris|url=https://ugandasafariexperts.com/local-ugandan-food/|access-date=2025-02-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=nielsskovjoergensen|date=2015-06-04|title=Recipes on your favorite traditional Ugandan food?|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Uganda/comments/38hxbu/recipes_on_your_favorite_traditional_ugandan_food/?rdt=34591|access-date=2025-02-28|website=r/Uganda}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-01-02|title=Green Banana: Benefits, Calories, Side Effects & More|url=https://bebodywise.com/blog/green-banana/|access-date=2025-02-28|website=Bodywise|language=en|archive-date=2025-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327123005/https://bebodywise.com/blog/green-banana/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=6 'Bad' Foods You Should Be Eating to Help Manage High Blood Pressure, According to Dietitians|url=https://www.eatingwell.com/bad-foods-for-high-blood-pressure-11683043|access-date=2025-02-28|website=EatingWell|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jinsi ya Kutayarisha na Kuandaa == * Chagua ndizi nzuri''':''' Chagua ndizi mbichi zilizokomaa vizuri lakini ngumu, zisizo na mawaa au kuharibika. * Osha vizuri: Osha ndizi hizo vizuri sana ili kuondoa udongo na uchafu wowote kwenye maganda, kwa sababu zinapikwa zikiwa na maganda yake. * Pika: Weka ndizi hizo zisizomenywa kwenye sufuria kubwa yenye maji yanayotokota. * Muda wa kupika: Acha zichemke kwa dakika 30 hadi 40, au mpaka ziwe laini. * Pakua: Mwaga maji hayo kisha pakua ndizi zikiwa bado za moto. Maganda yanaweza kutolewa (kumenywa) wakati wa kula tu. * Huliwa pamoja na nyama choma (''muchomo''), nyama ya nguruwe ya kuchoma, mchuzi wa karanga, au mboga za majani. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] d0mduiabgfs12wpomuovxqqdwcjjjlu 0 242894 1582267 1582040 2026-07-28T14:24:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582267 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faili:Islamic_Clothing_Abaya.jpg|thumb|Abaya nyeusi]] [[Faili:Traditional_Green_Abayas_with_Gold_Thread_Embellishments.jpg|thumb|Abaya yenye upambaji]] <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Lango|Islam|Fashion}} '''Buibui ama baibui''' ( , Arabic ''ʿabāyah'', hasa katika Fasihi Kiarabu : {{Lang|ar|عباءة}} ''ʿabā'ah'' ; wingi {{Lang|ar|عبايات}} ''ʿabāyāt'', {{Lang|ar|عباءات}} ''ʿabā'āt'' ), wakati mwingine pia huitwa '''abaya''', ni [[Mavazi|vazi]] jepesi, huru, refu na lenye kusitiri mwili wa mvaaji, kimsingi ni vazi linalofanana na joho, linalovaliwa na baadhi ya wanawake katika ulimwengu wa Kiislamu ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu kubwa ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[Afrika ya Kaskazini|Afrika Kaskazini]], Afrika Mashariki na sehemu za [[Pembe ya Afrika]] . <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ktDfAAAAMAAJ&q=the+encyclopedia+of+world+costume|title=The Encyclopedia of World Costume|last=Yarwood|first=Doreen|publisher=Bonanza Books|year=1978|isbn=0-517-61943-1|location=New York|page=9|author-link=Doreen Yarwood}}</ref> Mabuibui za kitamaduni, kawaida huwa meusi na yanaweza kuwa mraba mkubwa wa kitambaa kilichofunikwa kutoka mabegani au kichwani au mtandio mrefu. B''uibui'' hufunika mwili mzima isipokuwa kichwa (wakati mwingine), miguu, na mikono. Inaweza kuvaliwa na ''niqāb'', barakoa la uso linalofunika uso wote isipokuwa macho. Baadhi ya wanawake pia huvaa glavu ndefu nyeusi, kwa hivyo mikono yao pia hufunikwa. Kwa kawaida, buibui huvaliwa na wanawake wanapotoka majumbani mwao au hata katika hafla maalum, kama vile arusini, sherehe za sikukuu za Kiislamu za [[Idd el Fitr|Eid al-Fitr]] na [[Idd el Hajj|Eid al-Adha]], na pia wakati wa mwezi mtakatifu wa Kiislamu kama [[Ramadan (mwezi)|Ramadhani]] . == Mantiki == Sababu ya kuvaa kwa wanawake buibui mara nyingi ni kutokana na aya ya Quran isemayo, "Ewe Mtume, waambie wake zako na binti zako, na wanawake waumini, wajifunike nguo legevu. Kwa hivyo watatambuliwa na hakuna madhara yatakayowapata" (Qur'an 33:59, iliyotafsiriwa na Ahmed Ali ). Nukuu hii mara nyingi hutumika kama maagizo kutoka kwa Mungu kuhusu kuvaa buibui. == Nchi == Nje ya baadhi ya nchi kama vile Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen, UAE, Qatar na Pakistan <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-06-15|title=Shop Online for Best Deals on Fashion Abaya Hijab and More|url=https://abayahijabavenue.pk/|accessdate=2024-08-22|work=abayahijabavenue.pk|language=en-US}}</ref> buibui huvaliwa mno na wanawake Waislamu. Buibui pia huwa tafauti katika baadhi ya nchi. Katika nchi za Kiarabu ya Ghuba la Uajemi, huwa na rangi nyeusi. === Saudi Arabia === Nchini [[Saudia|Saudi Arabia]], wanawake walitakiwa kujifunika wawapo hadharani. Hata hivyo, mnamo Machi 2018, Mwanamfalme [[Mohammed bin Salman|Mohammad bin Salman]] alihoji kwamba [[Haki za wanawake nchini Saudi Arabia|wanawake wanaweza kujichagulia]] mavazi yao ya hadharani wao wenyewe, muradi yakidhi viwango fulani, aliposema, "Uamuzi umeachwa kabisa kwa wanawake kuamua ni aina gani ya mavazi ya heshima na staha wanayochagua kuyavaa". ==== Wanawake wa kigeni katika huduma nchini Saudi Arabia ==== Rubani wa kijeshi wa Marekani [[Martha McSally]] aliyewakilishwa na Taasisi ya Rutherford katika kesi ya ''McSally dhidi ya Rumsfeld'', kesi hio iliyofanikiwa mwaka wa 2001 dhidi ya Idara ya Ulinzi ya Marekani, ilipinga sera ya kijeshi iliyowataka wanajeshi wa Marekani na Uingereza walioko Saudi Arabia kuvaa mabuibui wanapotoka nje ya kambi nchini humo. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Vojdik |first=Valorie |date=Summer 2002 |title=The Invisibility of Gender in War |url=http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?9+Duke+J.+Gender+L.+&+Pol%27y+261 |url-status=dead |journal=[[Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy]] |volume=9 |pages=261–270 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306022817/https://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?9+Duke+J.+Gender+L.+&+Pol%27y+261 |archive-date=March 6, 2011}}</ref> Mwaka `wa 2002, Jenerali Tommy Franks, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa kiongozi wa maagizo makuu ya wanajeshi wa Marekani, alitangaza kwamba wanawake wa jeshi la Marekani hawatalazimika kamwe kuvaa mabuibui, ingawa "wangehimizwa" kufanya hivyo kama ishara ya kuheshimu desturi na mila za wenyeji. Akizungumzia mabadiliko hayo, msemaji wa maagizo makuu Kanali Rick Thomas alisema hayakufanywa kwa sababu ya kesi ya McSally lakini tayari yalikuwa "yamepitiwa" kabla ya kesi hiyo kuwasilishwa. McSally alikuwa akifanya kazi ya kubadili sera hiyo kwa miaka kadhaa na alikuwa amewasilisha kesi hiyo baada ya kutishiwa na mahakama ya kijeshi ikiwa hatatwii. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Whitehead|first=John W.|title=No Abaya for McSally|url=http://libertymagazine.org/article/no-abaya-for-mcsally|work=Liberty Magazine|date=2002|accessdate=April 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714095959/http://libertymagazine.org/article/no-abaya-for-mcsally|archivedate=July 14, 2020}}</ref> Pia mwaka wa 2002, Bunge la Marekani lilipitisha sheria inayomkataza mtu yeyote katika jeshi "kuhitaji au kuwatia moyo wanawake wa kijeshi kuvaa mabuibui nchini Saudi Arabia au kutumia pesa za walipa kodi kuyainunua." <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=H.R.4546 - Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4546|work=United States Congress|date=December 2, 2002|accessdate=12 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108222451/https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/4546|archivedate=January 8, 2020}}</ref> <ref name="hijab">{{Rejea tovuti|author=De Wind|first=Dorian|title=Should our Servicewomen in Afghanistan Have to Wear Headscarves?|url=http://themoderatevoice.com/102140/should-our-servicewomen-in-afghanistan-have-to-wear-headscarves|publisher=The Moderate Voice|accessdate=July 16, 2011|date=February 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429084951/http://themoderatevoice.com/102140/should-our-servicewomen-in-afghanistan-have-to-wear-headscarves/|archivedate=April 29, 2011}}</ref> === Falme za Kiarabu === Mabuibui huvaliwa sana katika Falme za Kiarabu. Mara nyingi hutengenezwa kwa vitambara kama vile crêpe, georgette, na shifoni na rangi nyepesi kama kahawia na nyeupe zinazofaa hali ya hewa ya nchi hio. === Indonesia === Mabuibui hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali lakini hutumikia leng moja, ambalo ni kujistiri. Mitindo ya kisasa kwa kawaida ni kafeni, zilizokatwa kwa vitambaa vyepesi sana na vinavyotiririka kama vile crepe, georgette, na shifoni . Mitindo mingine inayojulikana ni buibui zilizo wazi mbele na abaya zilizofungwa mbele. Mitindo hutofautiana kutoka eneo hadi eneo: baadhi ya abaya zina ushonaji kwenye kitambaa cheusi, huku zingine zina rangi za kufunguka zina aina tofauti za kazi za kisanaa. == Marufuku ya Mabuibui katika shule za Ufaransa == == Ushawishi wa mitindo ya Magharibi katika miundo ya mabuibui == Katikati ya karne ya 20, ushawishi wa mitindo ya ki-Magharibi yalianza kusambaa katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu. Hii ilisababisha mabadiliko makubwa katika ushonaji wa mabuibui. Ingawa umbo la msingi lilibaki vile vile, vitambaa vipya kama vile hariri, shiifoni na lace vilianzishwa. Wabunifu walianza kujaribu rangi, mifumo, mikato na mitindo, wakichanganya vipengele vya kitamaduni na mitindo ya kisasa. Gymshark na Leana Deeb walitoa mkusanyiko wa mazoezi ya viungo ikiwemo mabuibui. [[Faili:A_model_in_Abaya.jpg|thumb|Mwanamitindo aliyevaa gauni la abaya]] == Tazama pia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> * Uislamu na mavazi * Aina za hijabu == Marejeleo == {{Reflist}}{{Folk costume}} == Viungo vya nje == *   * Kaur-Jones, Priya. " [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13372186 Kubuni upya abaya ya Saudia] ." ''[[BBC]]'' . 12 Mei 2011. * Historia ya Abaya. " [https://web.archive.org/web/20131111225614/http://www.alhamaidi.com/the-history-of-the-abaya Historia ya Abaya] ." * Tovuti ya Kiislamu ya Quran. " [https://quran.com/en/al-ahzab/59] ." * [https://www.aqila.ng/history-and-evolution-of-abaya-fashion/4560/ Historia na Mageuzi ya Abaya]  [[Jamii:Islamic attire]] [[Jamii:Arabic clothing]] [[Jamii:Hijab]] [[Jamii:Abayas]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} e8mw7pcqw89cclolqqr7x94fvlgvyg1 0 242919 1582275 1582074 2026-07-28T14:33:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nissae Isen''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake ya kutoa sauti katika vipindi mbalimbali vya [[televisheni]] vya watoto. Ameonyesha wahusika kadhaa maarufu wa kiume, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''George katika Miss BG ([[2005]]-[[2008]]), Yuri katika My Big Big Friend (2008-[[2014]]), Beatrice katika Franklin'' and ''Friends ([[2011]]-[[2013]])'', na sauti ya toleo la Kanada ya ''Trollee katika Mike the Knight''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQ7MDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|title=Internet Children's Television Series, 1997–2015|last=Terrace|first=Vincent|date=August 8, 2016|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476626697|page=70|quote=Voice Cast: [[Addison Holley]] (Lili), Nissae Isen (Yuri), [[Tajja Isen]] (Nessa), [[Scott McCord]] (Golias)}}</ref> Kwa kazi yake katika My Big Big Friend, alipokea uteuzi wa "Utendaji Bora katika Jukumu la Sauti-Kupita" katika Tuzo za 33 za Msanii Mchanga mwaka [[2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|title=34th Annual Young Artist Awards - Nominations / Special Awards|accessdate=June 15, 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021074340/http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|archivedate=October 21, 2016}}</ref> Pia alipokea uteuzi mwingine wa kipengele hicho katika Tuzo za 34 za Msanii Mchanga mwaka 2013 kwa kazi yake katika Mike the Knight. Mbali na majukumu hayo, Isen pia ametoa sauti za wahusika wa kike, wakiwemo Juanita katika Atomic Betty, Ivy katika ''Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends'', Kate katika Will and Dewitt, na Jade Gibble katika ''My Friend Rabbit''. Mwaka [[2022]], alitoa sauti ya toleo la mtu mzima la D.W. Read katika sehemu ya mwisho ya mfululizo wa Arthur iliyoitwa "All Grown Up". Pia ameonyesha wahusika wengine wadogo wa kiume, wakiwemo penguin katika Harry and His Bucket Full of Dinosaurs na Thor Powell katika kipindi cha Captain Flamingo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms33.html|title=33rd Annual Young Artist Awards - Nominations / Special Awards|website=www.youngartistawards.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404162133/http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms33.html|archive-date=2012-04-04}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Waigizaji wa Kanada]] k1q8unlr4mtb6u1uenv7z6d71tc4f33 0 242946 1582269 1582231 2026-07-28T14:26:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1582269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexis Chikaeze''' ni mwigizaji kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika filamu ''Miss Juneteenth'' na anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa tamthilia ya televisheni ya ''All American''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Claudio |first1=Ericka |title="Miss Juneteenth" Actress Alexis Chikaeze on Juneteenth, Beauty Standards, and Black History |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/miss-juneteenth-actress-alexis-chikaeze |work=Teen Vogue |date=19 June 2020}}</ref> {{Marejeo}} {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii: Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} hnvuo1t2krss58pe7gibcpf6yaf632k 0 242957 1582278 1582251 2026-07-28T14:57:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faye Richmonde''' (alizaliwa '''Mabel Smith''', baadaye '''Faye Richmonde Taylor''' ; Februari 21, 1917 &#x2013; Machi 23, 1959) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Night club|klabu ya usiku]] ya Marekani, aliyejulikana kwa rekodi zake za [[Sexual suggestiveness|risqué]] katika miaka ya [[1950]].Alizaliwa [[Carolina Kaskazini|North Carolina]], binti wa Joseph na Jessie Smith, lakini alihamia na wazazi wake hadi Homestead, Pennsylvania akiwa mtoto. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Join Ancestry|url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/offers/join?dbid=6224&gsfn&gsln&h=48139616&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.co.uk%2Fsearch%2Fcollections%2F6224%2Frecords%2F48139616|work=www.ancestry.co.uk|accessdate=2026-07-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] hsgotv52bs87qrhdmshhno7q6ztacjf 0 242958 1582299 1582253 2026-07-28T18:32:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1582299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Bagasy musicians madagascar valiha guitar.jpg|thumb|music of Madagascar]] '''Muziki wa Madagascar''' ni [[muziki]] wa kipekee na wenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa [[tamaduni]] mbalimbali. Umeathiriwa na mila za muziki kutoka [[Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki]], [[Afrika]], [[Oceania]], [[Uarabuni]] na nchi za [[Ulaya]] kama [[Ureno]], Uingereza na Ufaransa, pamoja na Marekani. Mchanganyiko huu umetokana na watu wa asili, wahamiaji na wakoloni walioishi katika kisiwa hicho kwa nyakati tofauti. Kwa ujumla, muziki wa [[Madagaska]] hugawanywa katika makundi matatu: muziki wa jadi, muziki wa kisasa na muziki maarufu. Kila eneo lina mtindo wake wa muziki unaoakisi historia na utamaduni wa jamii husika. Kwa mfano, watu wa Merina wanaojulikana kuishi maeneo ya nyanda za juu hutumia sana chombo cha valiha na huimba kwa sauti tulivu, ilhali jamii ya Bara kusini mwa nchi ina utamaduni wa kuimba bila ala unaofanana na mitindo ya uimbaji inayopatikana Kusini mwa Afrika. Kadiri muda ulivyopita, vyombo vya kigeni kama gitaa la akustiki na piano vilibadilishwa ili kuendana na utamaduni wa Madagascar. Hali hiyo ilisababisha kuibuka kwa mitindo ya kisasa kama salegy na tsapika, ambayo hutumia pia gitaa la umeme, besi, ngoma na kinanda. Aidha, mitindo ya muziki wa Magharibi kama rock, gospel, jazz, reggae na hip-hop imeendelea kupata umaarufu nchini humo. Mbali na burudani, muziki nchini Madagascar una nafasi muhimu katika maisha ya jamii. Hutumika katika ibada za kiroho, sherehe za kitamaduni, hafla mbalimbali na hata shughuli za kisiasa. Kwa hiyo, muziki si njia ya kuburudisha pekee, bali pia ni sehemu muhimu ya kuhifadhi na kuendeleza utamaduni wa watu wa Madagaska.<ref name="Blench, R. 1982 pp. 81-93">{{Rejea jarida |last=Blench |first=Roger |year=1982 |title=Evidence for the Indonesian origins of certain elements of African culture |journal=African Music |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=81–93 |doi=10.21504/amj.v6i2.1118 |jstor=30249759 |doi-access=}}</ref><ref name="Anderson, I. 2000 pp. 523">{{Citation|last=Anderson|first=Ian|title=The Rough Guide to World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|pages=523–532|year=2000|chapter=Ocean Music from Southeast Africa|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-551-5|access-date=17 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="Emoff, R. 2002">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unlmyidJNHcC|title=Recollecting from the Past: Musical Practice and Spirit Possession on the East Coast of Madagascar|last=Emoff|first=Ron|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8195-6500-6}}</ref><ref name="Conservatoire">{{Citation|last=Conservatoire national de musique et de déclamation|title=Encyclopédie de la musique et dictionnaire du Conservatoire|pages=3214–3223|year=1922|contribution=Madagascar|publisher=C. Delagrave}}</ref><ref name="Randrianary">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Madagascar: les chants d'une île|last=Randrianary|first=Victor|publisher=Actes Sud|year=2001|isbn=978-2-7427-3556-3|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}}{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] puu1og56psbcsnyl1se2ojlzrm4wrfo 0 242960 1582256 2026-07-28T12:09:14Z Mary calist mlay 39270 anzisha makala 1582256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Botswana''' unajumuisha aina mbalimbali za tamaduni za [[muziki]], kuanzia ala za zamani zaidi zilizogunduliwa katika rekodi za akiolojia hadi [[wasanii]] wa kisasa ambao [[kazi]] zao zimefikia hadhira ya kimataifa.<ref>https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof0000denb</ref> [[Botswana]] ni nchi ya [[Afrika]] yenye makundi mbalimbali ya kikabila, ambapo jamii ya Watswana (Batswana) ndiyo yenye idadi kubwa ya watu. Muziki ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Botswana na unajumuisha aina za muziki wa kisasa na wa jadi. Kwaya za makanisa ni maarufu katika maeneo mengi ya nchi.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/13/world/africa/africa-botswana-metal-heads/index.html</ref> Mazingira ya muziki wa Botswana yanaakisi historia yake kama eneo lililokuwa makutano ya jamii mbalimbali za kusini mwa Afrika, koloni lindwa la [[Uingereza]], na [[taifa]] lililopata uhuru ambalo limejenga moja ya uchumi unaokua kwa kasi zaidi barani Afrika kupitia mapato ya almasi. Pia, muziki wa Botswana umeathiriwa na aina mbalimbali za muziki kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Afrika ya Kati]], ambazo zimejikita sambamba na mitindo ya muziki iliyokuzwa ndani ya nchi hiyo.<ref>https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/traditional-music-and-instruments-botswana/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Botswana]] h0inp09c9l74lonxhkb5m8ygss51uv6 0 242961 1582259 2026-07-28T12:30:12Z Ester Gasper Kimario 70787 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati''' ni wimbo wa taifa wa [[Eswatini]]. Wimbo huu unachanganya mitindo ya [[muziki]] wa jadi wa Waswati na muziki wa [[Magharibi]]. Ulipitishwa rasmi mwaka [[1968]], baada ya nchi hiyo kupata [[uhuru]]. Mashairi yake yaliandikwa na ''Andrease Enoke Fanyana Kukies Simelane'', huku mtunzi wa ala (melodi) akiwa ''David Kenneth Rycroft''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/sz.htm|title=Swaziland|work=nat...' 1582259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati''' ni wimbo wa taifa wa [[Eswatini]]. Wimbo huu unachanganya mitindo ya [[muziki]] wa jadi wa Waswati na muziki wa [[Magharibi]]. Ulipitishwa rasmi mwaka [[1968]], baada ya nchi hiyo kupata [[uhuru]]. Mashairi yake yaliandikwa na ''Andrease Enoke Fanyana Kukies Simelane'', huku mtunzi wa ala (melodi) akiwa ''David Kenneth Rycroft''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/sz.htm|title=Swaziland|work=nationalanthems.info|access-date=2009-10-04}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WENSAQAAIAAJ|title=Asikhulume SiSwati|last=Dlamini|first=Betty Sibongile|date=2010|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison|isbn=978-1-59703-018-2|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fX9kAAAAMAAJ&q=swaziland+OR+eswatini+anthem+simelane+rycroft|title=African Language Studies|last=|first=|date=1970|publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|pages=288–301|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Who we are|url=https://www.gov.sz/index.php/about-us-sp-15933109/who-we-are|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Government Of the Kingdom Of Eswatini}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnINAQAAIAAJ&q=wetibusiso+temaSwati|title=Umntfwana!: A Pictorial Biography of the New King of Swaziland|last=Ginindza|first=Zodwa R.|date=1986|publisher=Macmillan Swaziland National Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-333-40303-7|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == Wakati Eswatini (iliyokuwa ikijulikana kama Swaziland) ilipokuwa ikijiandaa kupata uhuru kutoka [[Uingereza]] tarehe [[6 Septemba]] [[1968]], [[serikali]] iliamua kupitisha bendera mpya na kutafuta wimbo wa taifa. Iliundwa kamati maalumu na kutangazwa mashindano ya kutunga mashairi kwa lugha ya siSwati pamoja na mashindano ya kutunga melodi ya wimbo huo. Baada ya kupokea mapendekezo mengi, majaji walichagua melodi nne bora. Nyimbo hizo ziliimbwa kwanza na kwaya nchini Afrika Kusini, kisha zikaimbwa tena na kwaya ya Waterford School mjini Mbabane ili Baraza la Mawaziri lifanye uamuzi wa mwisho. Hatimaye, melodi iliyotungwa na David Kenneth Rycroft ilichaguliwa kuwa wimbo wa taifa. Mashairi yake yaliandikwa na Andrease Fanyana Kukies Simelane. Kabla ya siku ya uhuru, wimbo huo ulianza kurushwa kila siku kupitia [[Radio (albamu)|Radio]] Swaziland ili kuwapa wananchi nafasi ya kujifunza. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] fodbef11ks0oja6j9h3kv0pt6o0sb2m 1582302 1582259 2026-07-28T18:46:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1582302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati''' ni wimbo wa taifa wa [[Eswatini]]. Wimbo huu unachanganya mitindo ya [[muziki]] wa jadi wa Waswati na muziki wa [[Magharibi]]. Ulipitishwa rasmi mwaka [[1968]], baada ya nchi hiyo kupata [[uhuru]]. Mashairi yake yaliandikwa na ''Andrease Enoke Fanyana Kukies Simelane'', huku mtunzi wa ala (melodi) akiwa ''David Kenneth Rycroft''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/sz.htm|title=Swaziland|work=nationalanthems.info|access-date=2009-10-04}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WENSAQAAIAAJ|title=Asikhulume SiSwati|last=Dlamini|first=Betty Sibongile|date=2010|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison|isbn=978-1-59703-018-2|pages=226|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fX9kAAAAMAAJ&q=swaziland+OR+eswatini+anthem+simelane+rycroft|title=African Language Studies|last=|first=|date=1970|publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|pages=288–301|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Who we are|url=https://www.gov.sz/index.php/about-us-sp-15933109/who-we-are|access-date=2022-01-18|website=The Government Of the Kingdom Of Eswatini}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnINAQAAIAAJ&q=wetibusiso+temaSwati|title=Umntfwana!: A Pictorial Biography of the New King of Swaziland|last=Ginindza|first=Zodwa R.|date=1986|publisher=Macmillan Swaziland National Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-333-40303-7|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == Wakati Eswatini (iliyokuwa ikijulikana kama Swaziland) ilipokuwa ikijiandaa kupata uhuru kutoka [[Uingereza]] tarehe [[6 Septemba]] [[1968]], [[serikali]] iliamua kupitisha bendera mpya na kutafuta wimbo wa taifa. Iliundwa kamati maalumu na kutangazwa mashindano ya kutunga mashairi kwa lugha ya siSwati pamoja na mashindano ya kutunga melodi ya wimbo huo. Baada ya kupokea mapendekezo mengi, majaji walichagua melodi nne bora. Nyimbo hizo ziliimbwa kwanza na kwaya nchini Afrika Kusini, kisha zikaimbwa tena na kwaya ya Waterford School mjini Mbabane ili Baraza la Mawaziri lifanye uamuzi wa mwisho. Hatimaye, melodi iliyotungwa na David Kenneth Rycroft ilichaguliwa kuwa wimbo wa taifa. Mashairi yake yaliandikwa na Andrease Fanyana Kukies Simelane. Kabla ya siku ya uhuru, wimbo huo ulianza kurushwa kila siku kupitia [[Radio (albamu)|Radio]] Swaziland ili kuwapa wananchi nafasi ya kujifunza. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] elb5nhlxtwfv2yt2z410q8azfrgawdk 0 242962 1582260 2026-07-28T13:02:22Z Ester Gasper Kimario 70787 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muziki wa Malawi''' umejengwa kutokana na mchanganyiko wa tamaduni kuu tatu: [[Uingereza]], [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]]. Kwa sababu ya historia ya Wamalawi kuwa wasafiri, wafanyakazi na wahamiaji katika nchi nyingine za Afrika, waliweza kusambaza [[muziki]] wao na kuuchanganya na mitindo mbalimbali ya muziki kutoka maeneo tofauti. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], [[wanajeshi]] walibeba aina mbalimbali za muziki kwenda maeneo ya mbali na waliporudi...' 1582260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Malawi''' umejengwa kutokana na mchanganyiko wa tamaduni kuu tatu: [[Uingereza]], [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]]. Kwa sababu ya historia ya Wamalawi kuwa wasafiri, wafanyakazi na wahamiaji katika nchi nyingine za Afrika, waliweza kusambaza [[muziki]] wao na kuuchanganya na mitindo mbalimbali ya muziki kutoka maeneo tofauti. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], [[wanajeshi]] walibeba aina mbalimbali za muziki kwenda maeneo ya mbali na waliporudi walileta mitindo hiyo Malawi. Hii ilisababisha kuongezeka kwa umaarufu wa vyombo kama [[gitaa]] na banjo, ambavyo vilianza kutumika katika bendi za [[dansi]]. Pia, Wamalawi waliokuwa wakifanya kazi katika migodi ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]] walichangia kuibuka kwa mitindo mipya kama Kwela. Katika kipindi cha ukoloni, Malawi ilipata wasanii kadhaa maarufu, akiwemo Tony Bird, mwimbaji wa folk-rock aliyechanganya utamaduni wa Malawi na Waafrika wenye asili ya [[Kiholanzi]] . Wakati wa utawala wa [[Rais]] Hastings Banda, baadhi ya nyimbo zilizokuwa na ujumbe wa kisiasa au maudhui yaliyodhaniwa kuwa hayafai zilidhibitiwa na serikali. Hali hii ilipunguza ukuaji wa muziki wa Malawi kimataifa kati ya mwaka [[1964]] hadi [[1994]]. Baada ya kuanza kwa mfumo wa vyama vingi mwaka 1994, wasanii walipata uhuru mkubwa wa kujieleza, na muziki wa Malawi ukaanza kukua kwa kasi. Tangu mwaka 1994, tasnia ya muziki nchini Malawi imeendelea kukua na kuzalisha wasanii wengi maarufu. Baadhi ya wasanii waliopata umaarufu kimataifa ni Wambali Mkandawire, Erik Paliani, Lucius Banda, Tay Grin, Esau Mwamwaya, Tsar Leo na LULU (Lawrence Khwisa). Muziki wa Malawi ulipata heshima kubwa kimataifa mwaka [[2015]], baada ya kundi la Zomba Prison Project kuteuliwa kwenye tuzo za Grammy kwa albamu yao ''"I Have No Everything Here"'' katika kipengele cha Best World Music Album.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Jecks|first=Nikki|date=2009-08-06|title=Reviving Malawi's music heritage|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8185971.stm|access-date=2012-01-29|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/n3/mode/2up?q=afroma|title=Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-858-28-635-2|location=London|page=354|access-date=29 Jun 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/538/mode/2up?q=wambali|title=Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-858-28-635-2|location=London|page=533, 538|access-date=29 Jun 2026}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Perullo |first1=Alex |last2=Fenn |first2=John |date=Fall 2000 |title=Language Ideologies, Choices, and Practices in Eastern African Hip Hop |url=https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=eng_jou |journal=English and Cultural Studios Journal |volume= |pages= |via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AAA EP : #BlantyreBlues – HGA [Malawi]|url=http://allaroundafrica.net/2016/01/05/aaa-ep-blantyreblues-hga-malawi/|website=www.allaroundafrica.net|publisher=All Around Africa|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204084911/http://allaroundafrica.net/2016/01/05/aaa-ep-blantyreblues-hga-malawi/|archive-date=4 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tsar Leo prepares to storm africa as malawian hip hop comes of age|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/tsar-leo-prepares-to-storm-africa-as-malawian-hip-hop-comes-of-age/a|access-date=2 September 2016|publisher=MTV|date=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lxrry Announces New His Project|url=https://massplugmag.com/article/lxrry-announces-his-new-project|website=www.massplug|publisher=Mass Plug|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] alg5ldsxa7z87nw6u87545yzce0i2zl 1582300 1582260 2026-07-28T18:33:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Malawi''' umejengwa kutokana na mchanganyiko wa tamaduni kuu tatu: [[Uingereza]], [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]]. Kwa sababu ya historia ya Wamalawi kuwa wasafiri, wafanyakazi na wahamiaji katika nchi nyingine za Afrika, waliweza kusambaza [[muziki]] wao na kuuchanganya na mitindo mbalimbali ya muziki kutoka maeneo tofauti. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], [[wanajeshi]] walibeba aina mbalimbali za muziki kwenda maeneo ya mbali na waliporudi walileta mitindo hiyo Malawi. Hii ilisababisha kuongezeka kwa umaarufu wa vyombo kama [[gitaa]] na banjo, ambavyo vilianza kutumika katika bendi za [[dansi]]. Pia, Wamalawi waliokuwa wakifanya kazi katika migodi ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]] walichangia kuibuka kwa mitindo mipya kama Kwela. Katika kipindi cha ukoloni, Malawi ilipata wasanii kadhaa maarufu, akiwemo Tony Bird, mwimbaji wa folk-rock aliyechanganya utamaduni wa Malawi na Waafrika wenye asili ya [[Kiholanzi]] . Wakati wa utawala wa [[Rais]] Hastings Banda, baadhi ya nyimbo zilizokuwa na ujumbe wa kisiasa au maudhui yaliyodhaniwa kuwa hayafai zilidhibitiwa na serikali. Hali hii ilipunguza ukuaji wa muziki wa Malawi kimataifa kati ya mwaka [[1964]] hadi [[1994]]. Baada ya kuanza kwa mfumo wa vyama vingi mwaka 1994, wasanii walipata uhuru mkubwa wa kujieleza, na muziki wa Malawi ukaanza kukua kwa kasi. Tangu mwaka 1994, tasnia ya muziki nchini Malawi imeendelea kukua na kuzalisha wasanii wengi maarufu. Baadhi ya wasanii waliopata umaarufu kimataifa ni Wambali Mkandawire, Erik Paliani, Lucius Banda, Tay Grin, Esau Mwamwaya, Tsar Leo na LULU (Lawrence Khwisa). Muziki wa Malawi ulipata heshima kubwa kimataifa mwaka [[2015]], baada ya kundi la Zomba Prison Project kuteuliwa kwenye tuzo za Grammy kwa albamu yao ''"I Have No Everything Here"'' katika kipengele cha Best World Music Album.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Jecks|first=Nikki|date=2009-08-06|title=Reviving Malawi's music heritage|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8185971.stm|access-date=2012-01-29|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/n3/mode/2up?q=afroma|title=Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-858-28-635-2|location=London|page=354|access-date=29 Jun 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/538/mode/2up?q=wambali|title=Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-858-28-635-2|location=London|page=533, 538|access-date=29 Jun 2026}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last1=Perullo |first1=Alex |last2=Fenn |first2=John |date=Fall 2000 |title=Language Ideologies, Choices, and Practices in Eastern African Hip Hop |url=https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=eng_jou |journal=English and Cultural Studios Journal |volume= |pages= |via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AAA EP : #BlantyreBlues – HGA [Malawi]|url=http://allaroundafrica.net/2016/01/05/aaa-ep-blantyreblues-hga-malawi/|website=www.allaroundafrica.net|publisher=All Around Africa|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204084911/http://allaroundafrica.net/2016/01/05/aaa-ep-blantyreblues-hga-malawi/|archive-date=4 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tsar Leo prepares to storm africa as malawian hip hop comes of age|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/tsar-leo-prepares-to-storm-africa-as-malawian-hip-hop-comes-of-age/a|access-date=2 September 2016|publisher=MTV|date=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lxrry Announces New His Project|url=https://massplugmag.com/article/lxrry-announces-his-new-project|website=www.massplug|publisher=Mass Plug|access-date=5 February 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] giuoq1jfq8umiq4dbrk6x4eny0azf9n 0 242963 1582263 2026-07-28T13:27:19Z Ester Gasper Kimario 70787 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Armour of God II: Operation Condor''' ni [[filamu]] ya mapigano na matukio iliyotengenezwa [[China]], [[Hong Kong]] mwaka [[1991]]. Filamu hii iliandikwa, kuongozwa na kuigizwa na [[Jackie Chan]]. Ni sehemu ya pili ya filamu ya ''Armour of God'' iliyotoka mwaka [[1986]]. Katika filamu hii, Jackie Chan anacheza nafasi ya Jackie/Condor, mtafutaji wa vitu vya zamani. Anasafiri kwenda [[Jangwa la Sahara]] kutafuta [[dhahabu]] iliyofichwa kwenye kambi ya z...' 1582263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Armour of God II: Operation Condor''' ni [[filamu]] ya mapigano na matukio iliyotengenezwa [[China]], [[Hong Kong]] mwaka [[1991]]. Filamu hii iliandikwa, kuongozwa na kuigizwa na [[Jackie Chan]]. Ni sehemu ya pili ya filamu ya ''Armour of God'' iliyotoka mwaka [[1986]]. Katika filamu hii, Jackie Chan anacheza nafasi ya Jackie/Condor, mtafutaji wa vitu vya zamani. Anasafiri kwenda [[Jangwa la Sahara]] kutafuta [[dhahabu]] iliyofichwa kwenye kambi ya zamani ya [[Wajerumani]]. Katika safari hiyo anakutana na kupambana na mtu aliyekuwa [[mwanajeshi]] wa Nazi. Filamu hii ina mtindo unaofanana na filamu za Indiana Jones, kwa kuwa ina safari ndefu, utafutaji wa hazina na mapambano mengi. Baada ya filamu hii, Jackie Chan alitoa filamu nyingine iliyohusiana nayo mwaka [[2012]] iitwayo ''CZ12''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hkmdb.com/db/movies/view.mhtml?id=7404&display_set=eng|title=Armour of God II: Operation Condor|work=[[Hong Kong Movie DataBase]]|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=18 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318144832/https://hkmdb.com/db/movies/view.mhtml?id=7404&display_set=eng|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://chinesemov.com/1991/Armour%20of%20God%20II%20Operation%20Condor.html|title=Armour of God II: Operation Condor|work=Chinesemov|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=15 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315080013/http://chinesemov.com/1991/Armour%20of%20God%20II%20Operation%20Condor.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="I Am Jackie Chan">{{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/iamjackiechan/excerpt_aches.html|title=It Only Hurts When I'm Not Laughing|work=I Am Jackie Chan|author-link=Jackie Chan|publisher=[[Random House]]|last=Chan|first=Jackie|access-date=19 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105084339/http://www.randomhouse.com/features/iamjackiechan/excerpt_aches.html|archive-date=5 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaVn2SHCUbQ&t=240s|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/jaVn2SHCUbQ|archive-date=2021-12-21|url-status=live|title=Jackie Chan|work=[[CBC Television]]|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=21 August 2013|access-date=16 August 2017|author=CBC}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Grand Opening Today|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19911203&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=17 November 2020|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Kamahalan Publishing Corp.|date=4 December 1991|page=17|quote=Warning: Don't Be Fooled By Reissues With Other Titles! This Is A Genuine Jacky Chan's New Movie!!}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="High Adventure" Starts Today|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19920917&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=17 November 2020|work=[[Manila Standard]]|publisher=Kamahalan Publishing Corp.|date=17 September 1992|page=23|quote=Starring SAMO HUNG • YUEN BIAO • MARS • DICK WEI • ISABELLA WONG...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armour of God II: Operation Condor|work=[[Deseret News]]|date=31 March 1995|last=Hicks|first=Chris|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700000102/Armour-of-God-II-Operation-Condor.html|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=31 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831165806/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700000102/Armour-of-God-II-Operation-Condor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MOVIE REVIEW; Chan Is in Top Form in Reworked 'Condor'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=18 July 1997|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-18-ca-13713-story.html|access-date=29 May 2012|first=Kevin|last=Thomas|archive-date=1 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501101555/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-18-ca-13713-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Operation Condor|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 July 1997|last=Gates|first=Anita|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/film/condor-film-review.html|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=29 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129190950/http://www.nytimes.com/library/film/condor-film-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Operation Condor|work=[[Chicago Sun Times]]|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=18 July 1997|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/operation-condor-1997|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za China]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 1991]] 5snc4pdrlm9rlxytuc5zb9qy013l00q 0 242964 1582264 2026-07-28T13:49:49Z Ester Gasper Kimario 70787 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lumumba''' ni [[filamu]] ya kihistoria iliyotengenezwa mwaka [[2000]] na kuongozwa na ''Raoul Peck''. Filamu hii ilitengenezwa kwa ushirikiano wa nchi za [[Ufaransa]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Haiti]], na lugha iliyotumika ni [[Kifaransa]]. Filamu hii inaelezea maisha ya [[Patrice Lumumba]], kiongozi wa kwanza wa [[serikali]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] baada ya nchi hiyo kupata uhuru kutoka kwa koloni la [[Ubelgiji]] mwaka ...' 1582264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lumumba''' ni [[filamu]] ya kihistoria iliyotengenezwa mwaka [[2000]] na kuongozwa na ''Raoul Peck''. Filamu hii ilitengenezwa kwa ushirikiano wa nchi za [[Ufaransa]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Haiti]], na lugha iliyotumika ni [[Kifaransa]]. Filamu hii inaelezea maisha ya [[Patrice Lumumba]], kiongozi wa kwanza wa [[serikali]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] baada ya nchi hiyo kupata uhuru kutoka kwa koloni la [[Ubelgiji]] mwaka [[1960]]. Inaonyesha jinsi alivyopanda kuwa kiongozi maarufu na changamoto alizokutana nazo hadi mwisho wa maisha yake. Kwa sababu kulikuwa na vita nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) wakati wa utengenezaji wa filamu, baadhi ya matukio yalirekodiwa nchini [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Beira (Msumbiji)|Beira]], [[Msumbiji]]. Filamu hii ilipokelewa vizuri na wakosoaji wa filamu na ilishinda tuzo mbalimbali, zikiwemo tuzo kutoka American Black Film Festival, Political Film Society na Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=%22Acapulco+Black+Film+Festival%22+Lumumba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCy9mLk8yTAxWJF2IAHd2RNeoQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Acapulco%20Black%20Film%20Festival%22%20Lumumba&f=false|title=Jet|last=|first=|date=2001-07-23|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|page=46|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Lumumba - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/awards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105164942/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/awards|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mitchell|first1=Elvis|title=FILM REVIEW; An African Leader's Brief Blaze of Glory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C02E2D61130F934A15755C0A9679C8B63|accessdate=17 February 2017|work=The New York Times|date=27 June 2001|language=en|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065025/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C02E2D61130F934A15755C0A9679C8B63|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="boxoffice">{{Cite web|url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0246765/business|title=Lumumba (2000) - Box office / business<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=[[IMDb]]|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101235/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/business|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="thenation">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020325/shorrock20020314|date=2002-03-14|accessdate=2006-08-26|title=Company Man|first=Tim|last=Shorrock|work=The Nation|archive-date=24 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224233326/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020325/shorrock20020314|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="laurier">{{cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml|date=2002-03-15|accessdate=2006-08-26|first=Joanne|last=Laurier|title="Carlucci" bleeped from HBO version of ''Lumumba''|work=World Socialist Web Site|archive-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027234230/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="hbo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbo.com/films/lumumba/index.html|title=HBO Films<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=9 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109100504/http://www.hbo.com/films/lumumba/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za 2000]] <references />{{Mbegu-filamu}} 68y7p9u3jzzrgputfh4xca1217vb144 1582285 1582264 2026-07-28T17:02:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1582285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lumumba''' ni [[filamu]] ya kihistoria iliyotengenezwa mwaka [[2000]] na kuongozwa na ''Raoul Peck''. Filamu hii ilitengenezwa kwa ushirikiano wa nchi za [[Ufaransa]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Haiti]], na lugha iliyotumika ni [[Kifaransa]]. Filamu hii inaelezea maisha ya [[Patrice Lumumba]], kiongozi wa kwanza wa [[serikali]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] baada ya nchi hiyo kupata uhuru kutoka kwa koloni la [[Ubelgiji]] mwaka [[1960]]. Inaonyesha jinsi alivyopanda kuwa kiongozi maarufu na changamoto alizokutana nazo hadi mwisho wa maisha yake. Kwa sababu kulikuwa na vita nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) wakati wa utengenezaji wa filamu, baadhi ya matukio yalirekodiwa nchini [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Beira (Msumbiji)|Beira]], [[Msumbiji]]. Filamu hii ilipokelewa vizuri na wakosoaji wa filamu na ilishinda tuzo mbalimbali, zikiwemo tuzo kutoka American Black Film Festival, Political Film Society na Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=%22Acapulco+Black+Film+Festival%22+Lumumba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCy9mLk8yTAxWJF2IAHd2RNeoQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Acapulco%20Black%20Film%20Festival%22%20Lumumba&f=false|title=Jet|last=|first=|date=2001-07-23|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|page=46|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Lumumba - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/awards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105164942/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/awards|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mitchell|first1=Elvis|title=FILM REVIEW; An African Leader's Brief Blaze of Glory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C02E2D61130F934A15755C0A9679C8B63|accessdate=17 February 2017|work=The New York Times|date=27 June 2001|language=en|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065025/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C02E2D61130F934A15755C0A9679C8B63|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="boxoffice">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0246765/business|title=Lumumba (2000) - Box office / business<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=[[IMDb]]|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101235/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/business|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="thenation">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020325/shorrock20020314|date=2002-03-14|accessdate=2006-08-26|title=Company Man|first=Tim|last=Shorrock|work=The Nation|archive-date=24 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224233326/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020325/shorrock20020314|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="laurier">{{cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml|date=2002-03-15|accessdate=2006-08-26|first=Joanne|last=Laurier|title="Carlucci" bleeped from HBO version of ''Lumumba''|work=World Socialist Web Site|archive-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027234230/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="hbo">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.hbo.com/films/lumumba/index.html|title=HBO Films<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=9 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109100504/http://www.hbo.com/films/lumumba/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Filamu za 2000]] <references />{{Mbegu-filamu}} 8z8vah330r99zajmjqtiqhuddywe0zy 0 242965 1582286 2026-07-28T17:40:27Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zamrock''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] na [[harakati]] ya kimuziki iliyoibuka nchini [[Zambia]] mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]]. Imeelezewa kuwa ni mchanganyiko wa muziki wa [[jadi]] wa Kiafrika na Roki ya kisaikodelia na funk. Mtindo huu uliathiriwa pia na [[bendi]] maarufu kama Black Sabbath, Blue Cheer, The Rolling Stones, Deep Purple na Cream. [[Mwanamuziki]] wa roki Rikki Ililonga pamoja na bendi yake, Musi-O-Tunya, wanatambuliwa kwa mapana kuwa waanzilishi wa mtindo huu wa muziki wa Zamrock. [[Wasanii]] wengine mashuhuri wa Zamrock ni, WITCH ,The Peace , Amanaz ,Chrissy "Zebby" Tembo , Paul Ngozi na bendi yake, Ngozi Family. == Historia == Asili ya Zamrock inaweza kufuatiliwa hadi miaka ya [[1950]], kupitia waimbaji kutoka sehemu ya [[kaskazini]] ya [[Mkoa]] wa Copperbelt nchini Zambia, kama vile Stephen Tsotsi Kasumali, William Mapulanga na John Lushi. Zamrock kama harakati ya kimuziki ilikomaa katika [[muongo]] wa kwanza wenye misukosuko baada ya Zambia kupata [[uhuru]] kutoka kwa utawala wa [[kikoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1964]]. Ukuaji na kudorora kwa Zamrock ulienda sambamba na mafanikio na hali ya [[uchumi]] wa Zambia katika kipindi hicho.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/zamrock-zambia-music-rerelease</ref><ref>https://www.openculture.com/2020/08/zamrock-an-introduction-to-zambias-1970s-rich-psychedelic-rock-scene.html</ref><ref>https://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/were-a-zambian-band</ref><ref>https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/salt-and-thunder-mind-altering-rock-1970s-zambia/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:1970]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Zambia]] 2askfdla4iexhl3w1pyxj3nlc6uq4d3 0 242966 1582288 2026-07-28T17:56:05Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abbie K. Mason''' ([[Septemba]] [[1861]] - [[7 Agosti|Agosti 7]], [[1908]]) alikuwa mpiganaji wa [[Marekani]] Mweusi. Alijulikana kama rais wa Muungano wa Wanawake wa Kikristo wa Kujizuia (WCTU) na alifundisha masomo ya Frederick Douglass katika Kanisa la Zion la Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Church la [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (jimbo)|New York]] .Abbie K. Mason alizaliwa Septemba 1861 huko New York. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tov...' 1582288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbie K. Mason''' ([[Septemba]] [[1861]] - [[7 Agosti|Agosti 7]], [[1908]]) alikuwa mpiganaji wa [[Marekani]] Mweusi. Alijulikana kama rais wa Muungano wa Wanawake wa Kikristo wa Kujizuia (WCTU) na alifundisha masomo ya Frederick Douglass katika Kanisa la Zion la Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Church la [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (jimbo)|New York]] .Abbie K. Mason alizaliwa Septemba 1861 huko New York. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Teague|first=Janira|date=June 8, 2018|title=Biographical Sketch of Abbie K. Mason|url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3971389#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3971389|accessdate=2020-12-05|work=Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company}}</ref> Mnamo 1888, aliolewa na Mchungaji James Edward Mason. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Rejea habari}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1868]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1908]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] [[Jamii:Mbegu]] kbma7ovnj9z47jpvajoijsbp4665w8m 1582289 1582288 2026-07-28T17:56:56Z Godfavor22 83108 1582289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbie K. Mason''' ([[Septemba]] [[1861]] - [[7 Agosti|Agosti 7]], [[1908]]) alikuwa mpiganaji wa [[Marekani]] Mweusi. Alijulikana kama rais wa Muungano wa Wanawake wa Kikristo wa Kujizuia (WCTU) na alifundisha masomo ya Frederick Douglass katika Kanisa la Zion la Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Church la [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (jimbo)|New York]] .Abbie K. Mason alizaliwa Septemba 1861 huko New York. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Teague|first=Janira|date=June 8, 2018|title=Biographical Sketch of Abbie K. Mason|url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3971389#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3971389|accessdate=2020-12-05|work=Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company}}</ref> Mnamo 1888, aliolewa na Mchungaji James Edward Mason. <ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1868]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1908]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] [[Jamii:Mbegu]] 93rmu2vymui07xxay3drwk6kndbjr3b 0 242967 1582290 2026-07-28T18:02:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kuduro''' (au kuduru) ni aina ya [[muziki]] na [[ngoma]] iliyoanzia nchini [[Angola]]. Inajulikana kwa kuwa na midundo ya kasi, nguvu nyingi na inayofaa kuchezeka. Kuduro ilibuniwa mjini [[Luanda]], Angola, mwishoni mwa [[miaka]] ya [[1980]]. Watayarishaji wa muziki wa kuduro walichanganya sampuli za muziki wa j[[adi]] wa karnivali, kama vile soca na zouk ngumu kutoka Karibiani, pamoja na muziki wa house na techno uliokuwa ukisikika kutoka [[Ulaya]]. Kuduro ina uhusiano wa karibu na semba, aina ya muziki wa jadi wa Angola. Mdundo wake hujengwa juu ya mpigo wa haraka wa [[nne]] kwa nne, ambapo [[ngoma]] ya besi hupiga mapigo manne ya kawaida katika kila kipimo. Pia hutumia [[vyombo]] vingine vya midundo, kama vile ngoma ya snare na sidestick, ambavyo hupiga mapigo mawili ya kwanza ya muundo wa tresillo, na hivyo kuupa muziki huo mdundo wake wa kipekee na wenye [[nguvu]]. == Asili == Asili ya kuduro inaweza kufuatiliwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980, wakati watayarishaji wa muziki mjini Luanda, Angola, walipoanza kuchanganya sampuli za midundo ya ala za kugongwa za Kiafrika na zouk ngumu pamoja na soca, ili kuunda mtindo wa [[muziki]] uliojulikana wakati huo kama Batida ("Mpigo"). Katika kipindi hicho, muziki wa kielektroniki kutoka Ulaya na [[Marekani]] ulianza kuingia katika soko la Angola. Hali hiyo iliwavutia [[wanamuziki]] wa Angola na kuwahamasisha kuunganisha mitindo yao ya [[asili]] na muziki huo wa kisasa. Watayarishaji [[vijana]] waliongeza midundo mizito ya ala za kugongwa za Kiafrika kwenye midundo ya muziki wa Ulaya na Marekani, na hivyo kuunda sauti mpya iliyokuja kujulikana kama kuduro. Wakati huohuo, barani Ulaya, watayarishaji wa muziki wa house na techno waliuchanganya mtindo wa kuduro na aina hizo za muziki, jambo lililosaidia kueneza na kuendeleza umaarufu wake kimataifa.<ref>https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Musica/0,,MUL40549-7085,00.html</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2012/12/26/167628341/kuduro-the-dance-that-keeps-angola-going</ref><ref>https://field-journal.com/editorial/angolan-kuduro-dance-conquers-the-city/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:1980]] [[Jamii:Angola]] qn9yeobd5zu9rghyl9tnw765ft32qm6 0 242968 1582291 2026-07-28T18:03:01Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fabiola Nyrva Aladin''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] kutoka [[Quebec|Quebec,Kanada]] . <ref>Josée Lapointe, [https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/television/2023-01-09/toutes-les-vies-de-fabiola-n-aladin.php "Toutes les vies de Fabiola N. Aladin"]. ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', January 9, 2023.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''[[Viking (2022 film)|ya Viking]]'', ambayo alipokea uteuzi wa [[Prix Iris]] kwa P...' 1582291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabiola Nyrva Aladin''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] kutoka [[Quebec|Quebec,Kanada]] . <ref>Josée Lapointe, [https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/television/2023-01-09/toutes-les-vies-de-fabiola-n-aladin.php "Toutes les vies de Fabiola N. Aladin"]. ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', January 9, 2023.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''[[Viking (2022 film)|ya Viking]]'', ambayo alipokea uteuzi wa [[Prix Iris]] kwa [[Prix Iris for Revelation of the Year|Ufunuo wa Mwaka]] katika [[25th Quebec Cinema Awards|Tuzo za 25 za Sinema za Quebec]] mnamo [[2023]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Québec Cinéma dévoile les finalistes aux PRIX IRIS 2023|url=https://ctvm.info/quebec-cinema-devoile-les-finalistes-aux-prix-iris-2023/|work=CTVM|date=2023-11-14|accessdate=2026-07-28|language=fr-FR|author=Marie-Eve Gratton}}</ref> == Marejeo == 20yh4es00ragxm7jjdc7o3bjrioqxlk 1582292 1582291 2026-07-28T18:04:49Z Godfavor22 83108 1582292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabiola Nyrva Aladin''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] kutoka [[Quebec|Quebec,Kanada]] . <ref>Josée Lapointe, [https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/television/2023-01-09/toutes-les-vies-de-fabiola-n-aladin.php "Toutes les vies de Fabiola N. Aladin"]. ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', January 9, 2023.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''ya Viking'', ambayo alipokea uteuzi wa Prix Iris kwa Ufunuo wa Mwaka katika Tuzo za 25 za Sinema za Quebec mnamo [[2023]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Québec Cinéma dévoile les finalistes aux PRIX IRIS 2023|url=https://ctvm.info/quebec-cinema-devoile-les-finalistes-aux-prix-iris-2023/|work=CTVM|date=2023-11-14|accessdate=2026-07-28|language=fr-FR|author=Marie-Eve Gratton}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wachekeshaji]] 7gtgql3i1ib85fz2baz0gtxlkaersk7 1582307 1582292 2026-07-28T19:59:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabiola Nyrva Aladin''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] kutoka [[Quebec|Quebec,Kanada]] . <ref>Josée Lapointe, [https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/television/2023-01-09/toutes-les-vies-de-fabiola-n-aladin.php "Toutes les vies de Fabiola N. Aladin"]. ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', January 9, 2023.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''ya Viking'', ambayo alipokea uteuzi wa Prix Iris kwa Ufunuo wa Mwaka katika Tuzo za 25 za Sinema za Quebec mnamo [[2023]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Québec Cinéma dévoile les finalistes aux PRIX IRIS 2023|url=https://ctvm.info/quebec-cinema-devoile-les-finalistes-aux-prix-iris-2023/|work=CTVM|date=2023-11-14|accessdate=2026-07-28|language=fr-FR|author=Marie-Eve Gratton}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wachekeshaji]] dzh6quwm8t7zqiwzc05r3bzdz669fkk 0 242969 1582295 2026-07-28T18:18:32Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Black''' <ref>Mary's surname was likely a reference to her race, like Tituba Indian and John Indian.</ref> alikuwa Mwafrika-Mmarekani [[Utumwa|aliyetumwa]] na Nathaniel Putnam wa familia ya Putnam ambaye alishtakiwa kwa [[uchawi]] wakati wa [[Salem witch trials|kesi za wachawi huko Salem]] . Mpwa wa Nathaniel alikuwa Thomas Putnam, mmoja wa washtaki wakuu. Hata hivyo, Nathaniel mwenyewe alikuwa na shaka na hata alimtetea Rebecca Nurse . <ref name="...' 1582295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Black''' <ref>Mary's surname was likely a reference to her race, like Tituba Indian and John Indian.</ref> alikuwa Mwafrika-Mmarekani [[Utumwa|aliyetumwa]] na Nathaniel Putnam wa familia ya Putnam ambaye alishtakiwa kwa [[uchawi]] wakati wa [[Salem witch trials|kesi za wachawi huko Salem]] . Mpwa wa Nathaniel alikuwa Thomas Putnam, mmoja wa washtaki wakuu. Hata hivyo, Nathaniel mwenyewe alikuwa na shaka na hata alimtetea Rebecca Nurse . <ref name="SatanAndSalem">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yW2pBQAAQBAJ|title=Satan and Salem: The Witch-Hunt Crisis of 1692|last=Ray|first=Benjamin C.|date=May 29, 2015|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=9780813937083|pages=180–1}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Wanawake]] 1el969y974fgpdm9in928oyivnns860 0 242970 1582297 2026-07-28T18:23:49Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Terri Quaye''', pia '''Theresa''' (alizaliwa [[8 Novemba]] [[1940]], Bodmin, [[Uingereza]]), <ref name="Grove">{{Cite book|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J671200|title=Quaye, Terri|last=Wilmer|first=Val|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford Music Online|language=en|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J671200}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]], mpiga piano, [[mtunzi]] wa nyimbo na mpiga ngoma wa Kiingerez...' 1582297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terri Quaye''', pia '''Theresa''' (alizaliwa [[8 Novemba]] [[1940]], Bodmin, [[Uingereza]]), <ref name="Grove">{{Cite book|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J671200|title=Quaye, Terri|last=Wilmer|first=Val|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford Music Online|language=en|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J671200}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]], mpiga piano, [[mtunzi]] wa nyimbo na mpiga ngoma wa Kiingereza. Yeye ni binti wa Cab Kaye, dada mkubwa wa Caleb Quaye na dada wa kambo wa Finley Quaye . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watunzi]] m3vsrzjd2hk68r8faufx77px6o854rw 1582308 1582297 2026-07-28T20:05:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terri Quaye''', pia '''Theresa''' (alizaliwa [[8 Novemba]] [[1940]], Bodmin, [[Uingereza]]), <ref name="Grove">{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J671200|title=Quaye, Terri|last=Wilmer|first=Val|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford Music Online|language=en|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J671200}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]], mpiga piano, [[mtunzi]] wa nyimbo na mpiga ngoma wa Kiingereza. Yeye ni binti wa Cab Kaye, dada mkubwa wa Caleb Quaye na dada wa kambo wa Finley Quaye . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watunzi]] r6gos0uuxmmwwxb3thikx8lrl7ud7lx 0 242971 1582298 2026-07-28T18:25:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jit''' (pia hujulikana kama jiti, jit-jive au Harare beat) ni mtindo wa [[muziki]] wa [[dansi]] maarufu nchini [[Zimbabwe]]. Unatambulika kwa midundo ya [[kasi]] inayopigwa kwa [[ngoma]] na kuambatana na [[gitaa]]. Jit ilikua kutokana na mchanganyiko wa ushawishi mbalimbali wa kimuziki, ikiwa ni pamoja na chimurenga ya Zimbabwe, rumba ya [[Kongo]], na mitindo ya upigaji gitaa ya [[Tanzania]]. Aina hii ya muziki ilipata umaarufu mkubwa katika [[miaka]] ya [[1980]] kupitia [[bendi]] kama Chazezesa Challengers, The Four Brothers na Bhundu Boys. Jit ni mojawapo ya mitindo ya muziki wa midundo ya kasi nchini Zimbabwe. Hata hivyo, mara nyingi kumekuwa na mkanganyiko kati ya jit na sungura, ambayo ndiyo aina ya muziki iliyoenea zaidi. Watu wengi huiita sungura kuwa ni jit, ingawa sungura uliendelezwa na kuenezwa na bendi kama Chazezesa Challengers na baadaye na wanamuziki kama Alick Macheso pamoja na bendi yake, Orchestra Mberikwazvo. Gibbs anauita [[mtindo]] wake wa Jit kuwa Jit ya Mijini kutokana na utulivu wake na mwendo wake wa taratibu. Mtindo huu unachanganya vipengele vya aina mbalimbali za muziki, ikiwemo calypso, country, na aina nyingine za muziki kulingana na utunzi wa [[wimbo]] husika. Kwa kufanya hivyo, Gibbs analenga kuufanya muziki huo uvutie zaidi [[kizazi]] kipya, akiamini kwamba utamaduni hubadilika na kuendelea kukua kila wakati. Hivyo, kuunganisha vipengele vya mitindo tofauti ya muziki ni njia ya kuufanya Jit ya Mijini uendelee kuwa wa kisasa na kuvutia [[hadhira]] mpya.<ref>https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/the-four-brothers-journey/</ref><ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/The_Four_Brothers</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:1980]] axm74g29wgyysedt6gfmyu3kji3rqfy 0 242972 1582301 2026-07-28T18:37:19Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frances Hope Wainwright''' ([[2 Septemba]] [[1921]] - [[6 Januari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa watu wa [[Marekani]] aliyeimba na wasanii kama vile [[Pete Seeger]], [[Paul Robeson]], na The Weavers. <ref>Grossman, Victor and Mark Solomon (2003) ''Crossing the River: A Memoir of the American Left, the Cold War, and Life in East Germany'', University of Massachusetts Press</ref> <ref>Dunaway, David King (1997) Songs for Political Action: Folkmusic,...' 1582301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frances Hope Wainwright''' ([[2 Septemba]] [[1921]] - [[6 Januari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa watu wa [[Marekani]] aliyeimba na wasanii kama vile [[Pete Seeger]], [[Paul Robeson]], na The Weavers. <ref>Grossman, Victor and Mark Solomon (2003) ''Crossing the River: A Memoir of the American Left, the Cold War, and Life in East Germany'', University of Massachusetts Press</ref> <ref>Dunaway, David King (1997) Songs for Political Action: Folkmusic, Topical Songs, and the American Left 1926–1953 by Ronald Cohen, Dave Samuelson and Richard Weize, ''The Journal of American Folklore'', Vol. 110, No. 438, Autumn, 1997, pp. 418–423</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] hym7qh16st3n6em8ypv74t3ubip8fk7 0 242973 1582315 2026-07-29T08:29:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Manolo Blahník (2017).jpg|thumb|Manolo Blahnik]] [[Faili:Manolo Blahnik.jpg|thumb|Onyesho la kiatu cha Manolo Blahnik]] '''Manolo Blahnik''' (jina kamili Manuel "Manolo" Blahnik Rodríguez; alizaliwa [[tarehe]] [[27]] [[Novemba]] [[1942]]) ni mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka [[Hispania]] na mwanzilishi wa chapa ya viatu vya kifahari inayoitwa kwa jina lake mwenyewe, Manolo Blahnik. Anajulikana [[duniani]] kote kwa kubuni [[viatu]] vya kifahari vya [[wanawake]], hasa viatu vya kisigino virefu, ambavyo vimekuwa vikivaliwa na watu wengi maarufu na kuonekana katika maonyesho ya [[mitindo]] na [[filamu]]. Chapa yake inahesabiwa miongoni mwa chapa za hadhi ya juu katika sekta ya [[mitindo]]. == Wasifu == Manolo Blahnik alizaliwa katika [[mji]] wa Santa Cruz de la [[Palma]], ulioko katika [[Visiwa]] vya Canary, Hispania. Baba yake alikuwa Mcheki (Czech), huku mama yake akiwa Mhispania. Baba yake aliondoka mjini [[Prague]] katika miaka ya [[1930]] ili kukwepa kuongezeka kwa [[utawala]] wa kifashisti. Baada ya [[Wakomunisti]] kuchukua madaraka nchini [[Czechoslovakia]] katika miaka ya [[1950]], babu na bibi zake walitoweka na hawakuonekana tena. Familia ya upande wa mama yake ilikuwa inamiliki [[shamba]] la migomba katika mji wa Santa Cruz de la Palma, ambako Blahnik alikulia pamoja na dada yake, Evangelina. == Maendeleo ya awali == Mojawapo ya watu waliomhamasisha zaidi Manolo Blahnik katika maisha yake ya [[ubunifu]] alikuwa mama yake. Mama yake alikuwa akipenda sana mitindo ya [[mavazi]]. Alikuwa akisoma majarida ya mitindo na kuyatafsiri mwenendo wa hivi karibuni wa mitindo kwa kushona au kuagiza mavazi yanayoendana na mitindo hiyo. Blahnik na familia yake walisafiri mara kwa mara kwenda miji ya [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]], na [[Madrid]], Hispania, ili kuagiza na kununua nguo, jambo lililomfanya afahamu mapema ulimwengu wa mitindo na kuchochea shauku yake ya kuwa mbunifu wa mavazi na viatu.<ref>https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/1662116/0/manolo-blahnik/premio-nacional/zapatos-lujo/</ref><ref>https://www.drapersonline.com/news/kurt-geiger-signs-long-term-deal-with-manolo-blahnik</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Hispania]] a2kqdntaq1f9qus9cvu1x1xsmya1dg6 0 242974 1582318 2026-07-29T09:15:19Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television film|jina=Mississippi Mermaid|mwongozaji=[[François Truffaut]]|mtayarishaji={{Plainlist| * Marcel Berbert * François Truffaut }}}} '''Mississippi Mermaid''' (kwa Kifaransa: La Sirène du Mississipi) ni [[filamu]] ya [[mwaka]] [[1969]] ya [[tamthilia]] ya kimapenzi na uhalifu. Iliandikwa na kuongozwa na François Truffaut, huku wahusika wakuu wakiwa Jean-Paul Belmondo na Catherine Deneuve. Filamu hii ilitokana na [[riwaya]] ya mwaka [[1947]] yenye jina Waltz into Darkness, iliyoandikwa na William Irish. Hadithi yake inamhusu mmiliki wa [[shamba]] la tumbaku kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha Réunion, ambaye anachumbiana kwa njia ya [[barua]] na [[mwanamke]] ambaye hajawahi kukutana naye ana kwa ana. Mwanamke huyo alipowasili kisiwani, anagundulika kuwa si yule mwanamke aliyekuwa kwenye picha aliyomtumia. Hata hivyo, licha ya tofauti hiyo, [[mwanaume]] huyo anaamua kumuoa, jambo linaloanzisha mfululizo wa matukio ya kimapenzi, [[siri]] na uhalifu. == Muhtasari wa hadithi == Louis Mahé, mmiliki [[tajiri]] wa shamba la tumbaku kwenye kisiwa cha Réunion kilichopo katika [[Bahari]] ya [[Hindi]], anasubiri kuwasili kwa mchumba wake mtarajiwa, Julie Roussel, ambaye hajawahi kukutana naye ana kwa ana. Wawili hao walifahamiana kupitia tangazo la kutafuta mwenzi katika [[gazeti]] la Kifaransa na baadaye wakaanza kuwasiliana kwa njia ya [[barua]]. Katika [[Hoteli]] ya Mascarin, Louis anakutana na mshirika wake wa kibiashara, Jardine, ambaye anaongozana naye kwenda kuchukua [[pete]] ya uchumba kabla ya kumpokea mchumba wake anayetarajiwa kuwasili. Wanapokutana kwa mara ya [[kwanza]], Louis Mahé anashangazwa na [[uzuri]] wa Julie, lakini hamtambui, kwa kuwa si yule mwanamke aliyekuwa kwenye [[picha]] aliyomtumia awali. Julie Roussel anamweleza kwamba alimtumia picha ya jirani yake ili kuhakikisha kuwa Louis alikuwa na nia ya dhati ya kumuoa, badala ya kuvutiwa na [[sura]] yake pekee. Naye Louis anakiri kwamba hakuwa amemweleza ukweli wote, kwani alikuwa ameficha kwamba yeye ni tajiri na [[mmiliki]] wa shamba kubwa la [[tumbaku]].<ref>https://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=9033</ref><ref>https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3697444353/weekend/</ref> == Waigizaji == * Jean-Paul Belmondo kama Louis Mahé * Catherine Deneuve kama Julie Roussel / Marion Vergano * Nelly Borgeaud kama Berthe Roussel * Martine Ferrière kama Mama mwenye nyumba * Marcel Berbert kama Jardine * Yves Drouhet kama Mpelelezi * Michel Bouquet kama Comolli * Roland Thénot kama Richard == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 1969]] [[Jamii:Ufaransa]] 0jpr2f8w928zdehnv3brg4m7yisxg2q 0 242975 1582320 2026-07-29T09:33:44Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Libya 5321 Meercatze (Gatti Mammoni) Petroglyphs Wadi Methkandoush Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|Michoro ya miambani ya meerkat katika Wadi Mathendous, eneo la Mesak Settafet]] '''Mesak Settafet''' ni [[mwamba]] mkubwa wa [[mchanga]] uliopo [[kusini]] [[magharibi]] mwa [[Libya]]. Mwamba huu hufikia [[urefu]] wa takriban [[mita]] [[300]] (futi 980) juu ya maeneo yanayouzunguka. Eneo la Mesak Settafet lina utajiri mkubwa wa [[michoro]] ya miambani ya kale na zana za [[mawe]] za enzi za kabla ya [[historia]]. Mabaki hayo yanapatikana kwa wingi, hasa katika eneo la Wadi Mathendous, ambalo ni mojawapo ya maeneo muhimu zaidi ya [[akiolojia]] nchini Libya. Michoro ya miambani na zana za mawe zilizogunduliwa katika Mesak Settafet hutoa ushahidi muhimu kuhusu [[maisha]] ya watu walioishi katika eneo la Sahara maelfu ya [[miaka]] iliyopita, wakati mazingira yake yalikuwa na unyevunyevu zaidi kuliko yalivyo leo. == Michoro ya miambani == Eneo la Mesak Settafet, hasa Wadi Mathendous, lina michoro mingi mikubwa na ya kipekee ya miambani ya enzi za kabla ya historia. [[Mawe]] yaliyoko wazi katika mwamba huu yamefunikwa na tabaka jeusi la kung'aa , ambalo lina [[madini]] ambayo kwa sasa hayapatikani katika mwamba wa mchanga wenyewe. Tabaka hilo, ambalo lina [[unene]] wa mikroni chache tu, linaundwa hasa na oksidi za [[chuma]] na oksidi za manganisi. Wataalamu wanaamini kuwa tabaka hilo lilitokea wakati [[eneo]] hilo lilikuwa na hali ya hewa yenye unyevunyevu na [[mvua]] nyingi zaidi, hadi kufikia takriban [[mwaka]] 3000 KK (Kabla ya Kristo). Hali hiyo ya mazingira ilichangia pia kuhifadhi michoro ya kale ya miambani ambayo inaonekana hadi leo.<ref>https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4477174&fid=3747&c=libya</ref><ref>https://www.temehu.com/messak-settafet-and-mellet.htm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Miamba]] [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Libya]] [[Jamii:Michoro]] pfsk0l9j5vv3fuxi6x1tsl6dnezu8b3 3 242976 1582322 2026-07-29T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582322 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2uk0gddx6st32upi307tmzevauol28k 3 242977 1582323 2026-07-29T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582323 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2uk0gddx6st32upi307tmzevauol28k 3 242978 1582324 2026-07-29T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582324 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2uk0gddx6st32upi307tmzevauol28k 3 242979 1582325 2026-07-29T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582325 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2uk0gddx6st32upi307tmzevauol28k 3 242980 1582326 2026-07-29T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582326 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) 2uk0gddx6st32upi307tmzevauol28k 3 242981 1582327 2026-07-29T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582327 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) kvm8vcyr2fvqj8h2tfq6io8zjskm2jq 3 242982 1582328 2026-07-29T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582328 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) kvm8vcyr2fvqj8h2tfq6io8zjskm2jq 3 242983 1582329 2026-07-29T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582329 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) kvm8vcyr2fvqj8h2tfq6io8zjskm2jq 3 242984 1582330 2026-07-29T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582330 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) kvm8vcyr2fvqj8h2tfq6io8zjskm2jq 3 242985 1582331 2026-07-29T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582331 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) kvm8vcyr2fvqj8h2tfq6io8zjskm2jq 3 242986 1582332 2026-07-29T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582332 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) kvm8vcyr2fvqj8h2tfq6io8zjskm2jq 3 242987 1582333 2026-07-29T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582333 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) ftpyirc3rffqwy48pc6sampooah44wo 3 242988 1582334 2026-07-29T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582334 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) ftpyirc3rffqwy48pc6sampooah44wo 3 242989 1582335 2026-07-29T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582335 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) ftpyirc3rffqwy48pc6sampooah44wo 3 242990 1582336 2026-07-29T09:50:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582336 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) ftpyirc3rffqwy48pc6sampooah44wo 3 242991 1582337 2026-07-29T09:50:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582337 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) ftpyirc3rffqwy48pc6sampooah44wo 3 242992 1582338 2026-07-29T09:50:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582338 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) ftpyirc3rffqwy48pc6sampooah44wo 3 242993 1582339 2026-07-29T09:51:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582339 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) absqzu6nxwv9skzt8g5i5xp6kvglnnd 3 242994 1582340 2026-07-29T09:51:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582340 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) absqzu6nxwv9skzt8g5i5xp6kvglnnd 3 242995 1582341 2026-07-29T09:51:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582341 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) absqzu6nxwv9skzt8g5i5xp6kvglnnd 3 242996 1582342 2026-07-29T09:51:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582342 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 29 Julai 2026 (UTC) absqzu6nxwv9skzt8g5i5xp6kvglnnd 0 242997 1582343 2026-07-29T10:00:20Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"La Nigérienne"''' ulikuwa [[wimbo]] wa [[taifa]] wa zamani wa [[Niger]]. Maneno ya wimbo huo yaliandikwa na Maurice Albert Thiriet, huku [[muziki]] wake ukitungwa na Robert Jacquet pamoja na Nicolas Abel François Frionnet. "La Nigérienne" ulipitishwa kuwa wimbo rasmi wa taifa wa Niger [[mwaka]] [[1961]], baada ya nchi hiyo kupata [[uhuru]] kutoka kwa [[Ufaransa]]. Baadaye uliondolewa rasmi kama wimbo wa taifa mwaka [[2023]]. == Historia == Wimbo wa taifa "La Nigérienne" uliandikwa na [[mtunzi]] wa muziki wa [[filamu]] kutoka Ufaransa, Maurice Albert Thiriet. Muziki wa wimbo huo ulitungwa na Wafaransa wengine wawili, ambao ni Robert Jacquet na Nicolas Abel François Frionnet. Wimbo huo ulipitishwa rasmi mwaka 1961, mwaka mmoja baada ya Niger kupata uhuru kutoka kwa Ufaransa mwaka [[1960]].<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=c2_KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA368&redir_esc=y</ref><ref>https://northafricapost.com/68884-niger-adopts-new-national-anthem.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211122071214/https://www.presidence.ne/la-nigrienne</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Niger]] [[Jamii:Wimbo wa Taifa]] dcfs4j7pfsj7cqnbrrvkvazej3701bo 0 242998 1582344 2026-07-29T10:21:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Msikiti wa Yaama''' (kwa Kifaransa: Mosquée de Yaama) ni [[msikiti]] uliojengwa kwa kutumia mtindo wa [[asili]] wa [[usanifu]] wa Kisudani-Saheli. Ulijengwa [[mwaka]] [[1962]] katika kijiji cha Yaama, kilichopo katika Tahoua, nchini [[Niger]]. == Muhtasari == Hata baada ya zaidi ya miaka [[60]] ya [[ukoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]], uliomalizika mwaka [[1960]], eneo hili lilibaki halijaathiriwa sana na ushawishi wa nje. Kwa hiyo, wakazi wa kijiji walipoamua kujenga msikiti wa [[Ijumaa]], ambapo jamii yote ingeweza kukusanyika kwa ajili ya swala za Ijumaa, walichagua kutumia mbinu za jadi za ujenzi. Msikiti huo ulijengwa kwa [[matofali]] ya udongo, na baadaye ulifanyiwa maboresho yaliyohusisha [[ujenzi]] wa kuba kuu katikati, iliyozungukwa na minara minne katika pembe zake. Hii ni mojawapo ya sifa za usanifu wa mtindo wa Kisudani-Saheli. Kila mkazi wa kijiji alitoa mchango katika ujenzi wa msikiti huo. Mchango huo ulitolewa kwa njia mbalimbali, kuanzia mmiliki wa [[ardhi]] aliyetoa [[eneo]] la kujenga, hadi watu waliotengeneza matofali ya udongo, waliobeba maji, waliokusanya kuni, na wengine walioshiriki katika kazi mbalimbali za ujenzi. Mwaka [[1986]], msikiti huu ulitunukiwa (Aga Khan Award for Architecture), [[tuzo]] ya kimataifa inayotambua [[ubora]] wa usanifu wa [[majengo]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180310015430/https://archnet.org/sites/390</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-msikiti}} [[Jamii:Msikiti]] [[Jamii:Niger]] [[Jamii:Dini barani Afrika]] ew199iw2gsbu5niu4s2do8nj58k3e62 0 242999 1582345 2026-07-29T10:49:05Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Martha Davis''' ([[14 Desemba|Desemba 14]], [[1917]] - [[6 Aprili|Aprili 6]], [[1960]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye [[tamthilia]] yake ya vichekesho ya muziki "Martha Davis & Spouse" ilikuwa maarufu mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1940]] na [[1950]]. <ref>''The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, Second edition,'' three volumes, edited by Barry Kernfeld, [[Macmillan Publishers]], London (2002)</ref> <ref>''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Third edit...' 1582345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martha Davis''' ([[14 Desemba|Desemba 14]], [[1917]] - [[6 Aprili|Aprili 6]], [[1960]]) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye [[tamthilia]] yake ya vichekesho ya muziki "Martha Davis & Spouse" ilikuwa maarufu mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1940]] na [[1950]]. <ref>''The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, Second edition,'' three volumes, edited by Barry Kernfeld, [[Macmillan Publishers]], London (2002)</ref> <ref>''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Third edition,'' eight volumes, edited by [[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]], MUZE, London (1998), Grove's Dictionaries, New York (1998)</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1960]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] j2xxyumo25sznzq87ltc4p4bzecvblf 0 243000 1582346 2026-07-29T10:57:55Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nancy Lewis''' ni mtaalamu na mjenzi wa misuli [[Female bodybuilding|wa kike]] kutoka [[Marekani]] . Alipata kadi yake ya kitaalamu kwa kushinda taji la jumla katika Mashindano ya [[National Physique Committee|NPC]] USA ya 1991. Alishiriki katika mashindano kadhaa ya kitaaluma kuanzia [[1992]] hadi [[1998]] na mfululizo wa nafasi nzuri, lakini hakupata mataji. Kisha baada ya kustaafu kwa miaka minne, alirudi kwenye mashindano mwaka wa [[2002]], akishind...' 1582346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy Lewis''' ni mtaalamu na mjenzi wa misuli [[Female bodybuilding|wa kike]] kutoka [[Marekani]] . Alipata kadi yake ya kitaalamu kwa kushinda taji la jumla katika Mashindano ya [[National Physique Committee|NPC]] USA ya 1991. Alishiriki katika mashindano kadhaa ya kitaaluma kuanzia [[1992]] hadi [[1998]] na mfululizo wa nafasi nzuri, lakini hakupata mataji. Kisha baada ya kustaafu kwa miaka minne, alirudi kwenye mashindano mwaka wa [[2002]], akishinda taji la jumla katika Jan Tana Classic. <ref name="competitions">[http://www.musclememory.com/show.php?a=Lewis,+Nancy&g=1 Nancy Lewis]</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 16npk903kzl12pfypkpn95hrrpgceqw 0 243001 1582347 2026-07-29T11:06:22Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Timmons''' (alizaliwa [[1965]]) ni muuaji wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. Alimuua kikatili mkewe na mwanawe wa miaka saba, kwa kuwakata vichwa kwa shoka, na mwanawe wa kambo wa miaka kumi na tatu kwa kumchoma kisu hadi kufa mnamo [[8 Juni|Juni 8]], [[1997]], katika nyumba yake huko [[Queens]], [[New York (jimbo)|New York]] . Mnamo Machi [[2004]], baada ya kupewa vifungo vitatu vya maisha, Timmons aliishtaki jiji la New York bila mafanikio akidai uka...' 1582347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Timmons''' (alizaliwa [[1965]]) ni muuaji wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. Alimuua kikatili mkewe na mwanawe wa miaka saba, kwa kuwakata vichwa kwa shoka, na mwanawe wa kambo wa miaka kumi na tatu kwa kumchoma kisu hadi kufa mnamo [[8 Juni|Juni 8]], [[1997]], katika nyumba yake huko [[Queens]], [[New York (jimbo)|New York]] . Mnamo Machi [[2004]], baada ya kupewa vifungo vitatu vya maisha, Timmons aliishtaki jiji la New York bila mafanikio akidai ukatili wa polisi usiku alipokamatwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=100 People Who Are Screwing Up America. Who? Why?|url=https://philosophistry.com/specials/100-people.html|work=philosophistry.com|accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] mv7dhw71td8l8zrmwd6nie3iaajszmv 0 243002 1582350 2026-07-29T11:17:16Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shirley Marie Watts''' (alizaliwa [[6 Machi|Machi 6]], [[1959]]) <ref name="baltimore sun">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-women-in-court-20130702-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130193205/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-women-in-court-20130702-story.html|archivedate=November 30, 2015|title=Women to lead state's highest court|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=July 3, 2013|accessdate...' 1582350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirley Marie Watts''' (alizaliwa [[6 Machi|Machi 6]], [[1959]]) <ref name="baltimore sun">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-women-in-court-20130702-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130193205/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-women-in-court-20130702-story.html|archivedate=November 30, 2015|title=Women to lead state's highest court|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=July 3, 2013|accessdate=July 19, 2016|author=Cox, Erin}}</ref>  ni [[wakili]] na [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], Maryland. Tangu Julai [[2013]], amehudumu kama Jaji katika Mahakama Kuu ya Maryland, mahakama ya juu zaidi ya jimbo hilo. Watts ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza [[Wamarekani weusi|Mwafrika Mmarekani]] kuhudumu kama jaji katika [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa. <ref name="baltimore sun" /> <ref name="maryland1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/29ap/html/msa13752.html|title=Shirley M. Watts, Judge, Maryland Court of Appeals|publisher=msa.maryland.gov|accessdate=August 7, 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] 3gkyd2blcmfr5ehua03i702v4e07ewk 0 243003 1582351 2026-07-29T11:28:56Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Theola Kilgore''' ([[6 Desemba|Desemba 6]], [[1925]] - [[15 Mei|Mei 15,]] [[2005]]) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Nyimbo za Kiinjili|nyimbo za injili]] na roho wa [[Marekani]].Alifariki huko [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles,]] [[California]], mwaka wa 2005. <ref name="latimes">{{Cite web|title=Theola Kilgore, 79; 1960s-Era Rhythm and Blues Performer|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-20-me-passings20.2-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|da...' 1582351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theola Kilgore''' ([[6 Desemba|Desemba 6]], [[1925]] - [[15 Mei|Mei 15,]] [[2005]]) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Nyimbo za Kiinjili|nyimbo za injili]] na roho wa [[Marekani]].Alifariki huko [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles,]] [[California]], mwaka wa 2005. <ref name="latimes">{{Cite web|title=Theola Kilgore, 79; 1960s-Era Rhythm and Blues Performer|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-20-me-passings20.2-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2005-05-20|accessdate=2026-07-29|language=en-US|author=L. A. Times Archives}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xQEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Theola+Kilgore%22+2005&pg=PA76|title=Billboard|last=Inc|first=Nielsen Business Media|date=2005-06-04|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] gw6iz14xkfzkalt2ji0q8x5djb68yns 0 243004 1582353 2026-07-29T11:54:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|name=Malhun|asili ya mtindo=[[Muziki wa Moroko|Moroccan music]]|asili ya utamaduni={{native name|ar|الملحون}}<br>{{native name|zgh|ⵍⵎⵍⵃⵓⵏ}}}} '''Malhun''' (pia huandikwa Malḥun; kwa Kiarabu: الملحون) maana yake ni "shairi lenye mdundo" au "shairi la kuimbwa". Ni aina ya [[muziki]] na ushairi iliyoanzia nchini [[Moroko]]. Ni aina ya ushairi wa mijini unaoimbwa, ambao ulitokana na mazingira ya tabaka la [[wafanyakazi]] wa kawaida [[wanaume]] pekee, hasa mafundi waliokuwa katika vyama vya mafundi. Mnamo [[tarehe]] [[6]] [[Desemba]] [[2023]], Malhun iliongezwa kwenye Orodha ya [[Urithi]] wa Utamaduni Usioshikika ya UNESCO ya Moroko, kama sehemu ya urithi muhimu wa kitamaduni wa [[nchi]] hiyo. == Asili == Mǝlḥun (Malhun) ilianza kwanza kama [[ubunifu]] wa kifasihi, yaani kama aina ya ushairi ambayo leo nchini Moroko inajulikana kwa majina ya: * Qasida — maana yake "shairi" * Zajal — aina ya ushairi wa lugha ya watu unaoimbwa Aina hii ya ushairi ilianza kuendelezwa katika maeneo ya mabonde ya Tafilalet [[kusini]] mwa Moroko katika [[karne]] ya [[15]]. Baadaye, Malhun ilisambaa kutoka Moroko kwenda sehemu nyingine za [[Maghreb]] (eneo la [[Afrika]] [[Kaskazini]] linalojumuisha Moroko, [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]] na [[Libya]]). Mfumo huu wa ushairi ulianza kama maandishi ya kifasihi kabla ya baadaye kubadilika kuwa muziki wa kuimbwa wenye ala na midundo. == Muziki == '''Qasida''' katika muziki wa Malhun hujengwa juu ya vipengele viwili muhimu: # Utangulizi wa muziki, sehemu za mwanzo za muziki zinazotangulia kuanza kwa shairi lenyewe. # Sehemu kuu za [[shairi]], zinazoitwa aqsam ,hizi ni beti za mashairi zinazoimbwa na [[mwimbaji]] mmoja, kisha hukatizwa na kiitikio kinachoitwa harba , maana yake "uzinduzi" au "uzinduzi wa sauti". Kwa hiyo, muundo wa Malhun huwa na mwimbaji mkuu anayeimba beti za qasida, halafu sehemu ya harba hujitokeza kama kiitikio kinachosaidia kuunganisha na kusisitiza [[ujumbe]] wa wimbo.<ref>https://en.hespress.com/75959-unesco-lists-moroccos-malhoun-as-an-intangible-cultural-heritage-of-humanity.html</ref><ref>https://www.yabiladi.com/article-artiste-9.html</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Moroko]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Kiarabu]] 4m6e42jzkmpd247ou3xx3g36exxiuc0