Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Kinshasa 0 3213 1582471 1517150 2026-07-30T11:08:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Kinshasa |nickname = Kin la belle |picha_ya_bendera = Kinshasha Flag.svg |ukubwa_wa_picha = 100px |picha_ya_seal = Kinshasa arms.jpg |seal_size = |pushpin_map = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Kinshasa katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |settlement_type = Jiji |motto = <!-- images and maps --> |picha_ya_satelite = Kinshasa Congo.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Kinshasa with Congo river in background |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --> |seat_type =Administrative HQ |seat =[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]] |parts_type =[[Communes in Kinshasa|Communes]] |parts_style = coll |parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1=[[Bandalungwa]] |p2=[[Barumbu]] |p3=[[Bumbu]] |p4=[[La Gombe (Kinshasa)|La Gombe]] |p5=[[Kalamu (Kinshasa)|Kalamu]] |p6=[[Kasa-Vubu (commune)|Kasa-Vubu]] |p7=[[Kimbanseke]] |p8=[[Kinsenso]] |p9=[[Kinshasa (commune)|Kinshasa]] |p10=[[Kintambo]] |p11 =[[Lemba (Kinshasa)|Lemba]] |p12=[[Limete]] |p13=[[Lingwala]] |p14=[[Makala]] |p15=[[Maluku (Kinshasa)|Maluku]] |p16=[[Masina (Kinshasa)|Masina]] |p17=[[Matete]] |p18=[[Mont Ngafula]] |p19=[[Ndjili (Kinshasa)|NDjili]] |p20= [[Ngaba]] |p21=[[Ngaliema]] |p22=[[Ngiri-Ngiri]] |p23=[[Nsele]] |p24= [[Selembao]] <!-- Politics --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =[[List of Governors of Kinshasa|Governor]] |leader_name = [[Gentiny Ngobila]] |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area --> |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |area_footnotes =<ref name=land&population>{{fr icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.dsrp-rdc.org/documents/Monographies_Provinciales/Monographie%20de%20la%20Province%20de%20Kinshasa.swf |title=Monographie de la Ville de Kinshasa |work=Unité de Pilotage du Processus d'Elaboration et de mise œuvre de la Stratégie pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté (UPPE-SRP) |format=SWF |accessdate=2007-01-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515071729/http://www.dsrp-rdc.org/documents/Monographies_Provinciales/Monographie%20de%20la%20Province%20de%20Kinshasa.swf |archivedate=2006-05-15 }}</ref> |area_total_km2 =9965 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = <!-- Elevation --> |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags--> |elevation_m = 240 |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = 2009 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 10076099 |population_density_km2 = <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |population_density_sq_mi = <!-- General information --> |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=4 |latm=19 |lats=30 |latNS=S |longd=15 |longm=19 |longs=20 |longEW=E <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |website = http://www.kinshasa.cd |footnotes = }} [[Picha: Vue_Kinshasa.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Kinshasa, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] '''Kinshasa''' ([[jina]] la awali kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Léopoldville,'' na kwa [[Kiholanzi]]: ''Leopoldstad'') ni [[mji mkuu]] na [[mji]] mkubwa wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], iliyojulikana kama Zaire miaka [[1971]]-[[1997]]. Mji uko kwenye [[Mto Kongo]]<ref>[https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/brazzaville-and-kinshasa-in-background-high-res-stock-photography/540026844] {{Wayback|url=https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/brazzaville-and-kinshasa-in-background-high-res-stock-photography/540026844 |date=20170728024240 }}</ref>. Zamani pahali pa [[Kijiji|vijiji]] vya [[uvuvi]], Kinshasa sasa ni [[jiji]] lenye [[idadi]] ya wakazi 10,076,099 mwaka [[2009]]. Mji wa [[Brazzaville]] (wenye wakazi milioni 1.5 mwaka [[2007]] pamoja na makazi yake), <ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web |url=http://www.cnsee.org/Donnees/structurelle/Démographie/RepartPop.htm |title=Répartition de la population par Départements et Communes en 1984 et projetée de 2000 à 2015 |publisher=Centre National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (CNSEE) |accessdate=2007-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225034551/http://www.cnsee.org/Donnees/structurelle/D%C3%A9mographie/RepartPop.htm |archivedate=2018-12-25 }}</ref> mji mkuu wa [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], hupatikana upande wa pili wa mto Kongo. Hivyo mrundiko wa Kinshasa-Brazzaville una wakazi karibu milioni 12. Kwa sababu mipaka ya kiutawala huzunguka eneo kubwa, zaidi ya 60[[%]] ya [[ardhi]] ya mji iko katika asili ya mashambani, na eneo la mji hutwaa sehemu ndogo [[magharibi]] mwa jimbo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=141&task=doc_download&gid=1 |title=Programu du Gouvernement, Provincial de Kinshasa, 2007-2011 |accessdate=2021-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228123531/http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=141&task=doc_download&gid=1 |archivedate=2008-12-28 }}</ref> <ref name="Ville"/> Kinshasa imesawazishwa na [[Johannesburg]] kwa kuwa mji mkubwa wa pili katika [[Afrika]] [[kusini kwa Sahara]] na wa tatu kwa ukubwa katika [[bara]] zima baada ya [[Lagos]] na [[Cairo]]. Mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa mji wa pili mkubwa zaidi [[duniani]] kwa idadi ya wazungumzaji wa Kifaransa baada ya [[Paris]]. Kama idadi ya watu itaendelea kukua kama sasa, Kinshasa itakuwa na wakazi wengi kuliko Paris kabla ya mwaka [[2020]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas Projections 2007 & 2020 |publisher=[[Demographia]] |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060809130022/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf |archivedate=2006-08-09 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |title=World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision Population Database |publisher=[[United Nations]] Population Division |accessdate=2007-06-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223005931/http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |archivedate=2009-12-23 }}</ref> Wakazi wa Kinshasa wanajulikana kama ''Kinois'' (Kifaransa) au ''Kinshasans'' ([[Kiingereza]]). == Historia == {{Main|Historia ya Kinshasa}} [[Picha:Kinshasa 2003.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Wilaya ya Gombe, kando ya Boulevard du 30 juin huko Kinshasa.]] Mji ulianzishwa na [[Henry Morton Stanley]] mwaka [[1881]] kama pahali pa [[biashara]] ukaitwa Léopoldville kwa heshima ya [[Mfalme]] [[Leopold II wa Ubelgiji]], ambaye alidhibiti eneo zima la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kama [[mali]] yake binafsi. Pahali hapa palinawiri kama [[bandari]] ya kwanza juu ya mto Kongo juu ya [[Livingstone Falls]], mfululizo wa [[maji]] {{convert|300|km}} kusini mwa Leopoldville. Awali, [[bidhaa]] zote zilizowasili kwa njia ya bahari zilibebwa na wapagazi kati ya Léopoldville na [[Matadi]], bandari chini ya [[maji ya kasi]] na {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} kutoka [[pwani]]. Kukamilika kwa bandari la [[reli]] la [[Matadi]]-Kinshasa mwaka [[1898]] kulitoa ufanisi zaidi katika njia ya kuzunguka maji ya kasi na pia kulisababisha [[maendeleo]] ya Léopoldville. Kufikia mwaka [[1920]], mji ulikuwa umeinuliwa kuwa mji mkuu wa [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]], kuondoa mji wa [[Boma]] katika mto Kongo. Wakati Kongo ilipopata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[1960]], [[Kiholanzi]] Kiholanzi kilikoma kuwa [[lugha rasmi]]. Mwaka [[1965]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] alipata kuwa [[rais]] wa Kongo katika [[mapinduzi]] yake ya pili akaanzisha sera ya kubadilisha majina ya watu na maeneo nchini kuwa ya Kiafrika. Mwaka wa 1966, Léopoldville ukabadilishIwa jina ukawa '''Kinshasa''' kufuatia jina la kijiji lililokuwa karibu na eneo hilo. Mji ulikua haraka chini ya Mobutu, ukivuta watu kutoka nchini kote ambao walikuja kutafuta bahati yao au kuepuka [[ugomvi]] wa kikabila mahali pengine. Hii ilileta mabadiliko mengi katika utungaji wa kabila na [[lugha]] za mji. Ingawa ipo katikka eneo la watu wa [[Bateke]] na [[Bahumbu]], ''[[lingua franca]]'' katika Kinshasa leo ni [[Kilingala]]. Mwaka [[1974]], Kinshasa ilikuwa na [['Rumble in the Jungle']] mechi ya [[dondi]] kati ya [[Muhammad Ali]] na [[George Foreman]], ambapo Ali alimshinda Foreman na kuchukua cheo cha [[bingwa]] duniani. Kinshasa iliteseka sana kutokana na [[uroho]] wa Mobutu, [[ufisadi]] wa hali ya juu, na [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]]: ndivyo vilivyosababisha kuanguka kwake. Hata hivyo, bado ni eneo kubwa la [[Utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] na kitaaluma katika [[Afrika ya Kati]], na jumuiya inayonawiri [[wanamuziki]] na [[wasanii]]. Pia ni jiji kubwa lenye [[viwanda]], usindikaji wengi wa bidhaa za asili kuletwa kutoka ndani. Mji hivi majuzi umekuwa ukifukuza [[maandamano]] ya [[askari]] waliokuwa wakipinga [[serikali]] kwa kutoweza kuwalipa. Kinshasa ina kumbukumbu ya tukio la kwanza la HIV-1, lililogunduliwa mwaka [[1959]] katika sampuli ya [[damu]] iliyohifadhiwa ya [[mwanadamu]] (angalia [[UKIMWI]] asili). == Utawala == Kinshasa ni mji ''(Ville'' kwa Kifaransa) na [[Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|mkoa]] ''(province'' kwa Kifaransa), moja ya [[mikoa]] 11 ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Sasa hivi imesawazishwa na [[Paris]] ambayo ni mji na mmoja wa [[wilaya]] 100 [[Ufaransa]]. === Maeneo ya utawala === [[Mikoa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Mji-mkoa ''(Ville-province)'' wa Kinshasa]] umegawanywa katika wilaya 4 ambazo zimegawanya zaidi katika majimbo 24 (jamii) <ref name="Ville">[http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=300 Géographie de Kinshasa,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kinshasa.cd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=300 |date=20120723091147 }} Ville de Kinshasa tovuti, accessed 13 Novemba 2009</ref> [[Kiini]] cha biashara na utawala cha Kinshasa ni jimbo ya [[La Gombe]]. Jimbo la [[Kinshasa]] lilitoa jina lake kwa mji mzima, lakini si kiini cha biashara wala utawala wa jiji. '''[[Wilaya ya Funa]]''' * Bandalungwa * Bumbu * Kalamu * Kasa-Vubu * Makala * Ngiri-Ngiri * Selembao '''[[Wilaya ya Lukunga]]''' * Barumbu * Gombe * Kinshasa * Kintambo * Lingwala * Mont-Ngafula * Ngaliema '''[[Wilaya ya Mont Amba]]''' * Kisenso * Lemba * Limete * Matete * Ngaba '''[[Wilaya ya Tshangu]]''' * Kimbanseke * Maluku * Masina * N'Djili * N'Sele {{Manispaa za Kinshasa}} == Jiografia == Kinshasa ni mji wa makazi tofauti sana, kuna maeneo ya fahari ya wakazi na biashara na [[Chuo kikuu|vyuo vikuu]] vitatu pamoja na makazi duni. Iko kusini mwa mto Kongo, kando ya [[Brazzaville]], mji mkuu wa [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]. Hapa ndipo mahali pekee duniani ambapo miji mikuu imelainika kando ya mto, ikitazamana. Mto Kongo ni mto mrefu wa pili katika [[Afrika]] baada ya [[Nile]], na ni mkubwa zaidi katika suala la kutoa maji. Kama njia ya maji, hutumiwa kusafiri kwa kiasi katika [[bonde la Kongo]], na unaweza kusafiri kati ya mito ya Kinshasa na [[Kisangani]], na matawi yake mengi yanaweza kusafiriwa. Mto ni chanzo muhimu cha [[umememaji]], na kusini mwa Kinshasa unaweza kuzalisha nguvu za kutosheleza matumizi kwa [[bara]] zima. === Hali ya hewa === Chini ya [[hali ya hewa ya Koppen]], Kinshasa ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya [[kitropiki]] ya [[Savanna]]. Huwa na [[msimu wa mvua]] ambao huanzia Oktoba kupitia Mei na [[kiangazi]] kifupi ambacho huanza Juni hadi Septemba. Kutokana na ukweli kuwa Kinshasa hupatikana kusini mwa [[ikweta]], kiangazi chake huanza katika [[msimu]] wake wa "[[baridi]]", ambayo ni katika Juni. Hii ni tofauti na miji ya [[Afrika kaskazini]] zaidi ambapo hali ya hewa ya kiangazi kawaida huanza mwezi Januari. Msimu wa kiangazi wa Kinshasa una baridi kuliko msimu wake wa mvua, ingawa [[hali ya joto]] hubaki sawa mwaka mzima. {{Infobox Weather <!-- Important: remove all unused fields--> |collapsed=<!--Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove line for uncollapsed.--> |metric_first=yes <!--Any entry in this line will display metric first. Leave blank or remove line for imperial.--> |single_line=yes <!--Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units on same line. Leave blank or remove line for separate lines--> |location = Kinshasa |Jan_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Feb_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Mar_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Apr_REC_Hi_°C =36 |May_REC_Hi_°C =35 |Jun_REC_Hi_°C =34 |Jul_REC_Hi_°C =32 |Aug_REC_Hi_°C =35 |Sep_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Oct_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Nov_REC_Hi_°C =34 |Dec_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Year_REC_Hi_°C =36 |Jan_Hi_°C =31 |Feb_Hi_°C =31 |Mar_Hi_°C =32 |Apr_Hi_°C =32 |May_Hi_°C =31 |Jun_Hi_°C =29 |Jul_Hi_°C =27 |Aug_Hi_°C =29 |Sep_Hi_°C =31 |Oct_Hi_°C =31 |Nov_Hi_°C =31 |Dec_Hi_°C =30 |Year_Hi_°C=30 |Jan_Lo_°C =21 |Feb_Lo_°C =22 |Mar_Lo_°C =22 |Apr_Lo_°C =22 |May_Lo_°C =22 |Jun_Lo_°C =19 |Jul_Lo_°C =18 |Aug_Lo_°C =18 |Sep_Lo_°C =20 |Oct_Lo_°C =21 |Nov_Lo_°C =22 |Dec_Lo_°C =21 |Year_Lo_°C =21 |Jan_REC_Lo_°C =18 |Feb_REC_Lo_°C =18 |Mar_REC_Lo_°C =18 |Apr_REC_Lo_°C =19 |May_REC_Lo_°C =18 |Jun_REC_Lo_°C =15 |Jul_REC_Lo_°C =14 |Aug_REC_Lo_°C =14 |Sep_REC_Lo_°C =16 |Oct_REC_Lo_°C =15 |Nov_REC_Lo_°C =17 |Dec_REC_Lo_°C =17 |Year_REC_Lo_°C =14 |Jan_Precip_mm =135 |Feb_Precip_mm =145 |Mar_Precip_mm =196 |Apr_Precip_mm =196 |May_Precip_mm =159 |Jun_Precip_mm =8 |Jul_Precip_mm =3 |Aug_Precip_mm =3 |Sep_Precip_mm =30 |Oct_Precip_mm =119 |Nov_Precip_mm =222 |Dec_Precip_mm =142 |Year_Precip_mm =1358 |source =BBC Weather <ref name="weather1">{{cite web | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 | title =Average Conditions Kinshasa, Congo Democratic Republic | dateformat =mdy | accessdate =18 Agosti 2008 | publisher =BBC Weather | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20050526065955/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000770 | archivedate =2005-05-26 }}</ref> |accessdate = 2008-08-18 }} ==Hali ya kijamii== Kinshasa ilipewa jina "Kin la Belle" (Kinshasa yenye urembo), lakini tangu kuanguka kwa huduma za umma na kuacha baadhi ya wakazi wake walibadili jina likawa "Kin la Poubelle" (Kinshasa takataka). <ref> Patrice Chitera, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4002967.stm "Kinshasa huanza safi-up",] BBC News, 11 Novemba 2004</ref> ===Umaskini === Kinshasa ni mji mkubwa wenye watu [[maskini]] wengi:, kufuatana na [[IMF]] ni [[asilimia]] 42 <ref>International Monetary Fund, “Democratic Republic of Congo: Poverty Reduction Paper,” IMF Country Report, September (2007): 22.</ref>. Hali hii ilikuwa mbaya zaidi katika miaka ya mwisho ya [[utawala]] wa [[Mobuto]] pamoja na [[rushwa]] na utendaji mbaya ulioendana na serikali zake. Hali haikuboreka kwa watu wengi tangu serikali ya [[Joseph Kabila]] kutokana na vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe na rushwa ya kupindukia. Hata hivyo watu wanaendelea kuhamia Kinshasa na mji unakua kwa sababu hali katika mikoa mingi ni mbaya zaidi <ref>http://www.moneyinternational.com/news/kinshasa-expensive-city-live-expats/</ref>. ===Uhalifu=== [[Uhalifu]] ni tatizo kubwa mjini Kinshasa. Mwaka [[2004]] ulihesabiwa kati ya miji hatari zaidi barani Afrika. Kiwango cha mauaji ni 112.3 kwa kila wakazi 100,000. Pia [[ujambazi]], [[ubakaji]], [[utekaji nyara]] na magenge ya vurugu ni mambo ya kawaida.<ref>[http://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/AfricaBrief-7.pdf Expanding the Scope for Tackling Africa’s Urban Violence by Bruce Baker]</ref> Tangu [[Vita]] ya [[Pili]] vya [[Kongo]], mji umekuwa ukijitahidi kutoka kwenye uhalifu. [[Polisi]] ilipambana hasa na magenge ya [[vijana]] kutoka mitaa duni ya vibanda wanapoishi wakazi wengi wa mji huo. ===Watoto wa barabarani=== Kuna watoto wengi wanaoishi bila [[wazazi]] wala [[familia]] kwenye [[barabara]] za Kinshasa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://africaaction.typepad.com/justafrica/2009/07/african-street-children-kinshasa-drc.html |title=African street children: Kinshasa, DRC |accessdate=2016-03-30 |archivedate=2011-08-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051604/http://africaaction.typepad.com/justafrica/2009/07/african-street-children-kinshasa-drc.html }}</ref>. Idadi yao hukadiriwa kuwa mnamo 20,000 - 25,000<ref>[http://www.gvnet.com/streetchildren/Congo.htm Around 20,000 street children wander in Kinshasa]</ref>. [[Robo]] yao hawana mapato mengine kuliko kuombaomba au kuiba tu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-congodemocratic-streetchildren-idUKKCN0WF09C |title=Congo's children battle witchcraft accusations Reuters 2010, imeangaliwa 31-03-2016 |accessdate=2016-03-30 |archive-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314192348/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-congodemocratic-streetchildren-idUKKCN0WF09C |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Majengo na taasisi == Maeneo makubwa ya mji ni kama [[Cité de l'OUA]], nyumbani kwa [[Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], Commune de [[Matonge]], unaojulikana kwa [[maisha yake ya usiku]], [[L'ONATRA]], jengo la kuvutia la Wizara ya Usafiri na makazi eneo la [[Gombe]]. Makala maalum ya mji ni kama [[Hotel SOZACOM Building Memling skyscrapers]], [[soko]] kuu, [[Makumbusho ya Kinshasa]], Chuo cha Sanaa cha Kinshasa. [[Boulevard du 30 juin]] (Barabara ya 30 Juni) inaunganisha maeneo kuu ya mji. Kinshasa ni nyumbani kwa [[uwanja wa taifa]], [[Stade des Martyrs]] (Uwanja wa mashahidi). === Viwanda === Viwanda vya Marsavco Sarl Biggest FMCG viko katikati ya mji (Gome) huko Kinshasa. Kuna viwanda vingine vingi kama Nova Products, CongoFuture, AngelCosmetics, Cobra, Ghandour Industries Kongo, African Food &amp; Bewerage, Shalina Group, Beltexco, Graphics System, Femco, Sajico na BCDC Bank, Benki TMB iiliyopo katika eneo la mji. === Elimu === [[Picha:Université de Kinshasa (Unikin1).JPG|thumb|right|220px|Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa]] Kinshasa ni nyumbani kwa [[taasisi]] kadhaa za [[elimu]], inayozingatia vitivo tofauti, kutoka [[uhandisi]] hadi [[uuguzi]] na [[uandishi]]. Mji huo pia ni nyumbani kwa vyuo vikuu vikubwa vitatu na [[sanaa]] shuleni: * Prins van Luik School / Lycée Prince de Liege * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kiprotestanti cha Kongo]] * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Taifa cha Ualimu]] * [[Chuo cha Allhadeff]] * Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Afya (CEFA) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cefacongo.org/index.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725151811/http://www.cefacongo.org/index.html |archivedate=2011-07-25 }}</ref> === Tiba === Kuna [[hospitali]] [[ishirini]] Kinshasa, pamoja na vituo mbalimbali vya [[matibabu]] na [[kliniki]]. <ref>[http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55841.html "Idara ya Afya ya Mkoa wa Kinshasa"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55841.html |date=20110414194221 }} ''Maendeleo ya Afrika Information Services''</ref> Mwaka [[1997]], [[Dikembe Mutombo]] akajenga hospitali yenye [[Kitanda|vitanda]] 300 karibu na [[nyumba]] yake katika mji wa Kinshasa. Tangu mwaka [[1991]], Hospitali ya Monkole imekuwa ikifanya kazi bila [[faida]] kama taasisi ya afya ishirikiana na Idara ya Afya kama [[hospitali ya wilaya]] mjini Kinshasa. Ikiongozwa na Léon Tshilolo, [[daktari]] bingwa wa [[watoto]] na [[damu]], Hospitali ya Monkole imenfungua [[jengo]] jipya la vitanda 150 mwaka [[2011]] pamoja na huduma bora kama [[maabara]], mahututi, [[uzalishaji]], dawa ya familia, kitengo cha dharura na eneo kubwa la [[upasuaji]]. == Vyombo vya habari == Kinshasa ni nyumbani kwa idadi kubwa ya vituo vya [[redio]] na [[televisheni]]. Televisheni ya kitaifa iko katika mji. Vituo vyake viwili hufikia nchi nzima. Zaidi ya vituo hivyo, kuna vituo vingine kadhaa vinavyofikia mazingira ya mji, na mara nyingine nje kidogo. Vyombo vingi vya habari hutumia Kifaransa na Kilingala kwa kiasi kikubwa; vichache sana kutumia lugha nyingine za kitaifa. == Lugha == Lugha rasmi ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ambao mji mkuu ni Kinshasa, ni [[Kifaransa]]. Kinshasa ni mji wa pili kwa idadi ya wanaozungumza Kifaransa katika dunia <ref name="Nadeau"> {{cite book |title=The Story of French|url=https://archive.org/details/storyoffrench0000nade|last=Nadeau|first=Jean-Benoit |year=2006 |publisher=St. Martin's Press|location= |isbn=0312341830, 9780312341831|page=[https://archive.org/details/storyoffrench0000nade/page/301 301] |pages=483 |accessdate=2009-05-31}} Mji mkubwa wa pili wa wanaozungumza Kifaransa si [[Montreal]], [[Dakar]], au [[Algiers|Alger]], kama watu wengi wanavyodhani, lakini Kinshasa (ingawa mjini asilimia ndogo tu inazungumza Kifaransa kwa usahihi). </ref> <ref name="Trefon"> {{cite book |title=Reinventing Order in the Congo: How People Respond to State Failure in Kinshasa |last=Trefon |first=Theodore |year=2004 |publisher=Zed Books |location=London and New York |isbn=1842774913, 9781842774915 |page=7 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5VAAHi93y0sC&pg=PA7&dq=Kinshasa+second+largest+French+city&ei=PeQiSt-yAojCyQSWqfijDw |accessdate=2009-05-31}} Sababu ni moja tu: demografia. Angalau moja katika kumi huishi katika Kongo Kinshasa. Pamoja na wakazi wake [[milioni]] 6-7, ni mji mkubwa wa pili katika Afrika kusini kwa Sahara (baada ya Lagos). </ref> [[Kilingala]] hutumika sana. Kifaransa ni lugha ya ishara mitaani, mabango, [[gazeti|magazeti]], nyaraka za serikali, [[shule]]; hutumika sanasana katika michezo ya kuigiza, televisheni, na [[vyombo vya habari]], na katika mahusiano kati ya watu wa kutofautiana cheo; watu wa cheo sawa, hata hivyo, huzungumza katika lugha za Kiafrika ([[Kikongo]], Kilingala, [[Tshiluba]] au [[Kiswahili]]) miongoni mwao wenyewe. <ref name="Manning">{{cite book |title=Francophone sub-Saharan Africa: Democracy and Dependence, 1985-1995 |last=Manning |first=Patrick |year=1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London and New York |isbn=0521645190, 9780521645195 |page=189</ref> Bado Zaire kuepuka uwezekano ilionekana kuwa ngumu wingi wa lugha. Kilingala ilikuwa lugha ya [[muziki]], wa urais anwani, maisha ya kila siku katika serikali na katika Kinshasa. Lakini kama Kilingala alikuwa amesema lugha ya Kinshasa, ameukata maendeleo kidogo kama lugha ya maandishi. Kifaransa ilikuwa imeandikwa lugha ya mji - kama kuonekana katika ishara mitaani, mabango, magazeti na katika nyaraka za serikali. Kifaransa inaongozwa plays na televisheni na vilevile vyombo vya habari; Kifaransa ilikuwa lugha ya taifa na hata kwa mafundisho ya autenticitet. Zairian watafiti found Kifaransa ya kutumika katika vertikala relationsihps usawa kati ya watu wa cheo; watu wa cheo sawa, hakuna jambo jinsi ya juu, tended kuzungumza lugha Zairian miongoni mwa wenyewe. Kutokana vya hizi, Kifaransa tupate wamepoteza nafasi yake nyingine ya kuongoza lugha ya Zaire - Kilingala, Tshiluba, au Kiswahili - isipokuwa kwamba kufundisha lugha hizi pia kutokana mapungufu katika ukuaji wake.</ref> Hivyo, wakati utamaduni umejaa wanaozungumza Kifaransa, kuna mseto wa lugha huko Kinshasa. == Usafiri == [[Picha:Kinshasa downtown.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Boulevard du 30 juin, katika Kinshasa.]] [[Picha:Boulevard Lumumba01.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Boulevard Lumumba katika Masina.]] === Usafiri wa ndani === Kuna viwanda mbalimbali ya binafsi vya Usafiri Mjini (STUC) na reli la umma (magari 12 mwaka 2002) inayotumikia mji. Njia za [[basi]] ni: * Gare centrale - Kingasani (manisipaa ya [[Kimbanseke]], ilifunguliwa katika Septemba 2005); * Kingasani-Marché ya kati * Matete-Royale (ilifunguliwa Juni 2006); * Matete-UPN (ilifunguliwa Juni 2006); * Rond-kumweka Ngaba-UPN (ilifunguliwa Juni 2006). * Rond-kumweka Victoire-Clinique Ngliema (ulifunguliwa Machi 2007) Makampuni mengine pia kutoa usafiri wa umma: Urbaco, Tshatu Trans, Socogetra, Gesac na MB Sprl. Basi la mji hubeba [[abiria]] 67000 kwa siku. Makampuni kadhaa ya usafiri hutumia [[teksi]] na teksi-basi. Wingi (95,8%) wa usafiri hutolewa na watu binafsi. Mji unafikiria uundaji wa tramway kwa kushirikiana na usafiri wa umma katika [[Brussel]] (STIB), ambayo kazi ingeanza mwaka 2009 na itakuwa imekamilika 2012-2015. Suala la [[umeme]] halijatatuliwa. <ref> {{fr}} ''[http://www.dhnet.be/dhjournal/archives_det.phtml?id=719160 La Stib à Kinshasa?]'', La Dernière Heure, 24 Mei 2007.</ref> ONATRA hutumia mistari mitatu ya reli mijini kuunganisha kituo cha mji kifaa, ambayo inakwenda Bas-Congo. <ref> {{fr}} ''[http://www.lepotentiel.com/afficher_article.php?id_edition=&amp;id_article=10906 L'enfer des chemins de fer urbains kinois]'', [[Le Potentiel]], 25 juillet 2005.</ref>. * Mstari mkuu kuunganisha Stesheni Kuu ya [[Uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa Kinshasa]] una vituo 9: Central Station, Ndolo, Amicongo, Uzam, Masina / Petro-Kongo, wireless Masina Masina / Mapela, Masina / Neighborhood III, Masina / Siforco Camp na uwanja wa ndege wa Ndjili. * Mstari wa pili hulinganisha Central Station katika [[Kasangulu]] huko [[Bas-Congo]], kupitia [[Matete]], Riflart na [[Kimwenza]]. * Mstari wa tatu uko katika Central Station Kinsuka-kusukumia katika mji wa [[Ngaliema]]. === Usafiri wa nje === Mto wa Kinshasa ni [[bandari]] kuu ya Kongo. Bandari, iitwayo 'Le Beach Ngobila' inaenea kwa juu {{convert|7|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} kando ya mto, ikiwa ni pamoja na alama ya [[Quay]] s na [[jetties]] na mamia ya meli iliyofungwa. Feri huvuka mto hadi [[Brazzaville]], umbali wa {{convert|4|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Usafiri wa mto hulinganisha bandari kadhaa, kama [[Kisangani]] na [[Bangui]]. Kuna baadhi ya viungo vya [[reli]] hadi [[Matadi, bahari]] katika [[bandari]] ya Kongo Estuary {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} kutoka [[bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. Hakuna viungo vya reli kutoka ndani mwa kinshasa, au viungo vya barabara kufikia nchi kavu ni vichache na viko katika hali mbaya. Mji una viwanja viwili vya ndege, [[Uwanja wa Kimataifa wa N'Djili]] wenye uhusiano na nchi nyingine za Afrika na pia [[Brussels]], [[Paris]], na [[Madrid]]; na [[Uwanja wa N'Dolo]]. == Watu mashuhuri wa Kinshasa == * [[DJ Mbenga]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa mchezo wa vikapu wa [[Los Angeles Lakers]] katika [[National Basketball Association]]. * [[Dikembe Mutombo]], mstaafu mtaalamu wa mchezo wa vikapu. * [[Jimmy Omonga]], mwimbaji, mtunzi. * [[Ya Kid K]], mwimbaji wa hip-hop. * [[Guylain Ndumbu-Nsungu]], aliyekuwa [[Sheffield Wednesday]] mchezaji soka. * [[Leki, mwimbaji]]. * [[Claude Makélélé]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka wa [[Paris Saint-Germain]] katika [[Ligi ya Kifaransa]]. * [[Ariza Makukula]], mchezaji soka mtaalamu wa Ureno katika ligi ya Uturuki, aliyekopwa kutoka Sport Lisboa e Benfica kutoka ligi ya Ureno. * [[José Bosingwa]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka wa Ureno aliyechezea Chelsea katika [[Ligi]] ya Kiingereza. * [[André Action Jackson]] au [[Diakité-M'zée Fula Ngenge, mwanabiashara wa almasi]]. * [[Leroy lita]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka wa [[Middlesbrough]] katika Ligi Kuu. * [[Fabrice Muamba]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka wa [[Bolton Wanderers]] katika Ligi Kuu. * [[Odette Krempin]], anayebuni fashoni. * [[Tim Biakabutuka]], aliyekuwa mtaalamu [[mchezaji]] wa soka ya Amerika. * [[Kaysha]], mwimbaji wa hip-hop. * [[Lomana LuaLua]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka wa [[Al-Arabi]] katika [[Qatar]]. * [[Mwamba Kazadi]], aliyekuwa mchezaji soka mtaalamu ambaye alishinda tuzo la [["African Footballer of the Year"]] mwaka 1973. * [[Peguy Luyindula]], mchezaji soka mtaalamu wa Paris Saint-Germain katika Ligue 1. * [[Herita Ilunga]], wasomi football (soccer) mchezaji kwa [[West Ham United]] katika Ligi Kuu. * [[Gary Kikaya]], mkimbiaji Olimpiki wa mita 400 * [[Steve Zakuani]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka [[Seattle Sounders]] ya [[Major League Soccer]]. * [[Gabriel Zakuani]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa soka wa [[Peterborough]] wa Ligi ya soka nchini Uingereza. * [[Patrick Kabongo]], mchezaji mtaalamu wa [[Edmonton]] Eskimos wa Ligi ya soka ya Canada. == Miji pacha== * {{Flag icon|Italy}} [[Bologna]] ([[Italia]]) ''kuanza mapema'' * {{Flag icon|Congo}} [[Brazzaville]] ([[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]) * {{Flag icon|Belgium}} [[Brussels]] ([[Ubelgiji]]) ''tangu mwaka 2002'' * {{Flag icon|Senegal}} [[Dakar]] ([[Senegal]]) * {{Flag icon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]] ([[Uturuki]]) == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.kinshasa.cd Tovuti Rasmi ya mji wa Kinshasa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kinshasa.cd/ |date=20011027044821 }} * [http://www.fusion-cities.par-darmstadt.de/cities/brakin/ BRAKIN, the fusion city of Brazzaville and Kinshasa,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fusion-cities.par-darmstadt.de/cities/brakin/ |date=20210208173413 }} semina ya uchambuzi wa TU Darmstadt, 2009 * [http://www.kintourism.com Utalii Kinshasa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kintourism.com/ |date=20160318121135 }} * [http://www.kinshasa-congo.com Usafiri na uongozo katika mji wa Kinshasa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kinshasa-congo.com/ |date=20170126070824 }} * [http://kim.uing.net Kim Gjerstad, blog na picha kutoka Kinshasa] {{Wayback|url=http://kim.uing.net/ |date=20190127174344 }} * [http://www.unikin.cd Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unikin.cd/ |date=20110224190301 }} * [http://www.sdarovia.cd Hospitali ya SDAROVIA Kinshasa, DR Congo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sdarovia.cd/ |date=20110706220733 }} * {{cite web|url=http://www.monuc.org/news.aspx?newsID=11220|title=Villes de RD Congo - Kinshasa|date=2006-05-29|publisher=[[United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo|MONUC]]|language=French|accessdate=2008-09-16|archivedate=2007-12-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217062440/http://www.monuc.org/news.aspx?newsID=11220}} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CG/0/Kinshasa.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 177m (alama nyekundu ni reli)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/CG/0/Kinshasa.html |date=20090624003546 }} === Ramani === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060214223522/http://www.monuc.org/downloads/KINSHASA_IKONOS_SKETCH100.pdf Ramani ya Kinshasa] (PDF ya 7.5 MB) * [http://www.unjlc.org/23003/DRC/maps/catalogue/ocha_drc_006/download?resolution=high Ramani ya Kinshasa kutoka l'UNJLC kabla ya kuwa kubadilishwa kwa Monuc (ramani hii ina habari juu ya majengo zaidi kuliko Monuc map)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unjlc.org/23003/DRC/maps/catalogue/ocha_drc_006/download?resolution=high |date=20090224022857 }} (PDF ndogo kuliko Monuc ramani ya 4.8 MB) {{Template group |title = Articles Related to Kinshasa |list = {{Communes of Kinshasa|state=uncollapsed}} {{Template group |title = [[Picha:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale |list = '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. <small>and</small> Long.]] {{coord|4|19|30|S|15|19|20|E|display=inline}}''' }} {{New DRC provincial capitals}} {{Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}} {{List of African capitals}} {{World's most populated urban areas}} }} [[Jamii:Kinshasa]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mto Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kinshasa]] mnjl7rbdct5c52di5i8a82wlbvb19le Dola la Roma 0 12440 1582388 1543903 2026-07-29T21:55:56Z ~2026-36725-67 91268 1582388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Map of the Roman Empire at its height.svg|thumb|300px|Dola la Roma lilipofikia [[kilele]] cha [[uenezi]] wake mwaka [[117]].]] [[Picha:Roman Republic Empire map edited.gif|thumb|310px|'''Upanuzi wa eneo la Roma kuanzia mwaka [[510 KK]] hadi [[480]] [[BK]]''';<br />nyekundu = Jamhuri ya Roma 510 KK - [[40 KK]]<br />zambarau= Dola la Roma [[20]] BK - [[360]]<br />Buluu = Dola la Roma la Magharibi [[405]] - [[480]] <br />Njano = Dola la Roma la Mashariki (Bizanti) 405 - 480]] '''Dola la Roma''' (kwa [[Kilatini]] "Imperium Romanum") lilikuwa [[milki]] kubwa lililoenea kwa [[karne]] kadhaa katika nchi zote zinazopakana na [[bahari]] ya [[Mediteranea]] (ambayo kwa sababu hiyo iliitwa "Mare Nostrum", yaani "Bahari yetu") na nyinginezo. Lilianza kwenye [[mji]] mkuu wa [[Roma]] na [[rasi]] ya [[Italia]] ikaendelea kuunganisha ma[[kabila]] na ma[[taifa]] ya nchi nyingi kwenye ma[[bara]] matatu ya [[Ulaya]], [[Afrika]] na [[Asia]]. Kuanzia [[karne ya 1 KK]] [[Orodha ya Makaisari wa Roma|Watawala wa Dola]] wakaitwa makaisari: [[Kaisari]] wa kwanza alikuwa [[Augusto]]. Nchi nyingi za sasa ziliwahi kuwa sehemu ya Dola la Roma kama vile [[Uingereza]], [[Ufaransa]], [[Hispania]], [[Ureno]], [[Italia]], [[Ugiriki]] na nchi za [[Balkani]] upande wa Ulaya, [[Moroko]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libia]] na [[Misri]] upande wa Afrika, na [[Uturuki]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Palestina]], [[Jordan]] na hata [[Irak]] upande wa Asia. [[Idadi]] ya wakazi imekadiriwa kuwa ilifikia [[milioni]] 50-90, yaani [[asilimia]] 20 hivi za watu wote [[duniani]] wakati huo. [[Lugha]] ya Dola la Roma ilikuwa [[Kilatini]], ila katika sehemu za mashariki pamoja na [[Kigiriki cha Kale]]. [[Dola la Roma Magharibi|Sehemu ya magharibi]] ya Dola la Roma iliishia mwaka [[476]] baada ya [[mapinduzi ya kijeshi]] dhidi ya Kaisari wa mwisho [[Romulus Augustulus]] aliyefukuzwa na [[jemadari]] wa [[Kigermanik]] wa [[jeshi]] la Roma. Upande wa mashariki Dola la Roma likaendelea hadi mwaka [[1453]] kwa majina kama "[[Roma ya Mashariki]]" au [[Bizanti]]. == Dola-mji == Chanzo cha dola la Roma kilikuwa [[dola-mji]] mjini penyewe. Mji uliundwa katika [[karne ya 9 KK]] hivi kwenye vilima kando ya [[mto Tiber]] katikati ya rasi ya Italia. Waroma wenyewe walipenda kutaja mwaka [[753 KK]] walioutumia kama chanzo cha [[kalenda]] yao "ab Urbe Condita" (a.U.C. = tangu kuundwa kwa Roma). Lakini [[akiolojia]] imeonyesha [[dalili]] za makazi ya mapema zaidi katika eneo la mji. Mji ulitawaliwa awali na wafalme. Mwaka [[509 KK]] [[mfalme]] wa mwisho alifukuzwa na kipindi cha [[jamhuri ya Roma]] kilianza. Mji wa Roma ulieneza athira yake kwa njia ya mapatano au [[vita]] na miji na makabila jirani. ==Katiba ya jamhuri== Kwa karne zilizofuata Waroma walifuata katiba iliyolenga kuzuia asitokee mfalme mpya. Vyeo vyote vilitolewa kwa muda tu kwa njia ya [[uchaguzi]]. Madaraka yaligawiwa kati ya ngazi na vyeo mbalimbali. Vyeo vingi vilitolewa kwa watu wawili kwa kipindi kilekile kwa [[sharti]] la kwamba hao wapatane na kuangaliana. * Kila [[mtu]] aliruhusiwa kuwa na [[cheo]] fulani kwa muda wa mwaka 1 pekee * Hakuruhusiwa kuwa na kipindi cha pili kwenye cheo kilekile * Aliyechaguliwa kupata cheo hakuruhusiwa kugombea cheo kingine mara moja * Kila cheo kilikuwa na nafasi mbili. Hao watendaji wawili waliochanga cheo kimoja walipaswa kupatana; kila mmoja aliweza kufuta maazimio ya mwenzake. * Mgombea wa cheo fulani alipaswa kutangulia katika utendaji wa cheo cha chini kabla ya kupanda juu * Kati ya kugombea vyeo viwili mgombea alipaswa kupumzika mwaka mmoja. Kulikuwa na cheo kimoja pekee kilichotekelezwa na mtu mmoja tu: [[dikteta]]. Dikteta aliweza kuchaguliwa katika kipindi cha [[dharura]] kama vita kwa muda wa miezi sita. Katika kipindi hiki alifanya maazimio peke yake. Kwa kawaida watendaji wakuu walikuwa ma[[konsuli]] ("consules") waliochaguliwa kwa muda wa mwaka 1. == Upanuzi katika Italia == Dola la Roma lilianza kupanuka katika Italia. Mwaka [[396 KK]] mji jirani wa [[Veio]] ulitwaliwa na kuharibiwa. Katika [[karne ya 4 KK]] vilitokea vita kati ya Roma na majirani na eneo lote la [[Lazio]] likatawaliwa na Roma. Roma ilianzishwa [[utaratibu]] wa [[ushirikiano]] na majirani. Mara chache tu wapinzani walimalizwa kabisa kama Veio. Mara nyingi walilazimishwa kutia [[sahihi]] mikataba ya ushirikiano walimopaswa kuwasaidia Waroma kwa [[wanajeshi]] na kutokuwa na [[uhusiano]] wowote na makabila ya nje. Makabila na miji iliyoshirikiana vizuri na Roma walipewa [[uraia]] wa Roma sawa na wenyeji wa mji wenyewe. Katika [[karne ya 3 KK]] Waroma waliendelea kutwaa sehemu kubwa ya rasi ya Italia. Katika vita dhidi ya [[Pyrrho]] wa [[Epirus]] (eneo kati ya [[Albania]] na [[Ugiriki]] wa leo) miaka ya [[280 KK]] - [[275 KK]] Roma ilishinda mara ya kwanza dhidi ya jeshi lililotoka nje ya Italia. Vita hii ilisababisha ubwana wa Roma juu ya miji ya Kigiriki kusini mwa Italia ilipaswa kukubali ubwana wa Roma tangu 275 KK pia makabila ya milimani. [[Picha:CarthageMapDe.png|thumb|180px|Eneo la Karthago mnamo 264 kabla ya vita za Kipuni]] == Vita za Wapuni na kipaumbele katika Mediteranea ya magharibi == [[Ushindi]] huo ulisababisha [[ugomvi]] na [[Karthago]] iliyotawala [[pwani]] za [[Mediteranea]] pamoja na [[kisiwa]] kikubwa cha [[Sisilia]]. Hali ya vita ilianza tangu mwaka [[264 KK]] kati ya Roma na watu wa Karthago ("[[Wafinisia]]" au "Wapuni" jinsi walivyoitwa na Waroma). Vita hii ya kwanza ilikwisha mwaka [[241 KK]] na Karthago ilipaswa kuwaachia Waroma Sisilia yote. Katika vita hii Waroma waliendelea kushinda [[bahari]]ni pia, si kwenye [[nchi kavu]] tu. Vita ya pili dhidi ya Wapuni ([[218 KK]] - [[201 KK]]) ilianzishwa na Karthago. Jemadari [[Hanibal]] alitaka kulipiza [[kisasi]] akavuka milima ya [[Alpi]] kwa [[tembo]] zake wa kivita. Alishinda mara kadhaa [[jeshi]] la Waroma lakini Waitalia wengine walisimama imara upande wa Roma. Mwishowe Roma ilishinda mara ya pili na Karthago ilipaswa kuwaachia Waroma pwani yote ya kaskazini-magharibi ya Mediteranea pamoja na [[Gallia]] (leo [[Ufaransa]]) ya kusini, [[Hispania]] na visiwa vya Mediteranea. Karthago ilibaki upande wa Afrika tu. Mabaki ya [[himaya]] ya Karthago, pamoja na mji wenyewe, yalimalizwa na Roma katika vita ya tatu dhidi ya Wapuni kati ya miaka [[149 KK]] na [[146 KK]]. Karthago iliharibiwa kabisa na wakazi wote wasiouawa waliuzwa kama [[watumwa]]. == Upanuzi katika Ugiriki == Wakati wa vita ya pili ya Wapuni mfalme [[Filipo V]] wa [[Makedonia]] aliwahi kuwasaidia Karthago. Roma ilitumia nafasi ya ushindi kupinga upanuzi wa Makedonia katika [[Ugiriki]] kwa kusaidia madola madogo za Ugiriki ya kusini dhidi ya Filipo V. Vita hizi kati ya Roma na Makedonia zilikuwa na [[shabaha]] za kuzuia kipaumbele cha ufalme wowote wa Ugiriki. Roma likabaki katika [[siasa]] ya Ugiriki zaidi kama mtazamaji. Mwaka [[192 KK]] mfalme [[Antioko III]] wa [[milki ya Waseleuko]] aliingia kijeshi katika Ugiriki. Roma ikajibu kwa kutuma [[legioni]] zake na kuanzisha mfululizo wa vita zilizoendelea hadi mwaka [[146 KK]]. Waseleuko walipaswa kujiondoa kabisa katika Ugiriki. Uwezo wa Makedonia ukapunguzwa na sehemu kubwa ya Ugiriki kuwa majimbo ya Kiroma ya [[Akaya]], [[Epirus]] na [[Makedonia]]. [[Jaribio]] la mwisho la Wagiriki kutetea mabaki ya [[uhuru]] wao lilisababisha [[uangamizi]] wa mji wa [[Korintho]] mwaka 146 KK pamoja na uharibifu wa Karthago. == Kuingia Asia == Mwaka [[133 KK]] mfalme wa [[Pergamon]] katika [[Asia Ndogo]] (Uturuki wa leo) aliyeogopa [[fitina]] kati ya warithi wake aliamua kukabidhi milki yake kwa jamhuri ya Roma baada ya [[kifo]] chake. Milki hii ikawa jimbo la Kiroma la Asia lililoonekana kuwa jimbo tajiri kabisa. Tukio hili likawa [[mlango]] wa Roma kupanua zaidi himaya yake katika mashariki ya Mediteranea. Jimbo jipya la "Asia" likavuta wanasiasa Waroma wenye [[hamu]] ya kujitajirisha likawa [[kitovu]] cha [[ufisadi]] katika milki ya Roma. [[Mwanasiasa]] aliyepata nafasi ya kuwa [[gavana]] alikuwa mtu tajiri sana baada ya miaka 2 au 3. Upanuzi wa Dola la Roma lilileta faida lakini matatizo pia: *nafasi ya kujitajirisha katika [[utumishi]] kwenye majimbo mapya ya nje kulisababisha kuongezeka kwa [[gharama]] za kugombea. Maana wanasiasa waliolenga kupata nafasi hizi walikopa na kutumia [[pesa]] nyingi ili wapate [[kura]] nyingi. Waliamini ya kwamba baada ya ushindi wangeweza kurudisha ma[[deni]]. Hali hii ilisababisha kuongezeka kwa [[kiwango]] cha pesa kilichotumiwa kwa [[kampeni za uchaguzi]] kwa jumla. *baada ya kuingiza maeneo mengi ya mbali Waroma waliona athira za [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za kigeni. Waroma wa miaka ya kwanza ya jamhuri walijivunia maisha bila [[anasa]]. Walidharau ma[[pambo]] na matumizi ya pesa kwa mahitaji ya anasa. Lakini sasa walivuta katika jamii yao watu wa Ugiriki na Asia waliopenda anasa. == Kipindi cha mgogoro == Mafanikio na upanuzi wa jamhuri ya Kiroma vilileta mabadiliko makubwa. Vilisababisha pia kipindi cha [[mgogoro]] kilichoanza kuonekana kwa nguvu pamoja na upanuzi huko Asia. [[Tatizo]] kuu lilikuwa suala la [[ardhi]] pamoja na [[mfumo]] wa jeshi. Mfumo wa jeshi ulisimama juu ya msingi wa kila [[raia]] kushiriki vitani. Kila raia wa Roma alipaswa kubeba silaha na kujiunga na jeshi kama dola liliamua kuwa vita ni lazima. Kila raia alipaswa kujipatia na kugharimia silaha zake. Upanuzi wa dola lilileta matatizo. Hasa [[wakulima]] wengi wadogo walishuka ki[[uchumi]]. Kadiri dola lilivyopanuka na jeshi lilivyopaswa kupiga vita katika maeneo ya mbali, hao wakulima wadogo walipaswa kuondoka kwa muda mrefu zaidi kutoka nyumbani na shambani mwao. [[Utekelezaji]] wa [[kazi]] ulibaki kwa [[wazee]], [[wanawake]] na [[watoto]] pekee. [[Wanaume]] wenyewe, wenye uwezo wa kazi hasa, waliondoka kwenda vitani na kukaa mbali na [[kaya]] kwa vipindi vilivyozidi kuongezeka. Kinyume chake matajiri hawakupata matatizo hayo. Wakiwa na ma[[shamba]] makubwa waliweza kununua watumwa wa kutosha walioweza kulima na kutawala mashamba yao pamoja na wazee na wanawake hadi wenyewe waliporudi. Vilevile matajiri walikuwa na uwezo wa kununua silaha bora, pia [[farasi]] za kupandia na hivyo kushika vyeo vya juu zaidi jeshini. Vyeo vya juu viliwapa sehemu kubwa zaidi ya [[mali]] ya ma[[adui]] iliyoporwa baada ya ushindi. Kutokana na mapato hayo makubwa zaidi waliweza kununua mashamba makubwa zaidi. [[Tokeo]] lake lilikuwa ma[[badiliko]] la kilimo katika Italia: wakulima wadogo walizidi kushuka chini, walipaswa kukopa pesa kwa kujidumu na kuwa na madeni. Mwishowe walipaswa kuuza mashamba yao na kutafuta kazi kama [[vibarua]]. Kinyume chake tabaka la wenye mashamba makubwa liliongezewa [[nguvu]] na [[utajiri]]. Tofauti za kijamii ziliongezeka. Tofauti hizo zilisababisha kutokea kwa kipindi cha machafuko ya kisiasa na ya kijamii ambayo yalipeleka Roma hadi vipindi vya [[vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]]. ==Marejeo== * {{cite book |author=Frank Frost Abbott |year=1901 |title=A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions |publisher=Elibron Classics |isbn=0-543-92749-0 |authorlink=Frank Frost Abbott}} * [[John Crook (classicist)|J. A. Crook]], ''Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC–AD 212'', 1967 (ISBN 0-8014-9273-4). * [[Arther Ferrill]], ''The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 1988 (ISBN 0-500-27495-9). * Goldsworthy, Adrian. ''The Complete Roman Army'', [[Thames and Hudson]], 2003 (ISBN 0-500-05124-0). * [[Benjamin Isaac]], "The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East" [[Oxford University Press]], 1992 (ISBN 0-19-814926-3). * [[Andrew Lintott]], ''Imperium Romanum: Politics and administration'', 1993 (ISBN 0-415-09375-9). * [[Edward Luttwak]], ''The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire'', [[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 1976/1979 (ISBN 0-8018-2158-4). *{{Citation | last = Ritti | first = Tullia | last2 = Grewe | first2 = Klaus | last3 = Kessener | first3 = Paul | title = A Relief of a Water-powered Stone Saw Mill on a Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its Implications | journal = Journal of Roman Archaeology | pages = 138–163 | volume = 20 | year = 2007 }} *{{Citation | last = Schnitter | first = Niklaus | title = Römische Talsperren | journal = Antike Welt | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 25–32 | year = 1978 }} *{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Norman | title = The Roman Dams of Subiaco | journal = Technology and Culture | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–68 | year = 1970 | doi=10.2307/3102810 }} *{{Citation | last = Smith | first = Norman | title = A History of Dams | place = London | publisher = Peter Davies | year = 1971 | pages = 25–49 | isbn = 0-432-15090-0 }} {{refend}} ==Marejeo mengine== * [[John Bagnell Bury]], ''A History of the Roman Empire from its Foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius'', 1913, ISBN 978-1-4367-3416-5 * [[Duncan B. Campbell|Duncan B Campbell]], ''The Rise of Imperial Rome, AD 14-193'', Osprey, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78096-280-1 * [[Winston Churchill]], ''A History of the English-Speaking Peoples'', Cassell, 1998, ISBN 0-304-34912-7 * [[Edward Gibbon]], ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', 1776–1789 * [[Adrian Goldsworthy]]. ''In the Name of Rome: The Men Who Won the Roman Empire'', Weidenfield and Nicholson, 2003, ISBN 0-297-84666-3 * [[Michael Grant (author)|Michael Grant]], ''The History of Rome'', [[Faber and Faber]], 1993, ISBN 0-571-11461-X * [[Antonio Santosuosso]], ''Storming the Heavens: Soldiers, Emperors and Civilians in the Roman Empire'', Westview Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8133-3523-X ==Viungo vya nje== {{Sister project links}} {{commons|Roman Empire}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans Romans for Children] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans |date=20090424072929 }}, a BBC website on ancient Rome for children at primary-school level. * [http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/html/index.html Rome Unleashed] {{Wayback|url=http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romeh/html/index.html |date=20140328210703 }}, interactive educational website on ancient Rome for students. * Interactive map of the Roman Empire at [http://vici.org/selectview.php?center=41.95132,12.521118&zoom=4&labels=2 Vici.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010202718/http://vici.org/selectview.php?center=41.95132,12.521118&zoom=4&labels=2 |date=2017-10-10 }} * [http://tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm Historical Atlas] {{Wayback|url=http://tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/rome.htm |date=20150801171701 }} showing the expansion of the Roman Empire. * [http://roman-empire.net/ Roman-Empire.net], learning resources and re-enactments. * [http://pbs.org/empires/romans/index.html The Roman Empire in the First Century] (PBS). * [http://www.unrv.com/ United Nations of Roma Victrix] * [http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk/ The Romans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.knowtheromans.co.uk/ |date=20120415030316 }} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11745/ The Historical Theater in the Year 400 AD, in Which Both Romans and Barbarians Resided Side by Side in the Eastern Part of the Roman Empire] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11745/ |date=20131029201125 }} {{madola}} {{mbegu-historia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roma, Dola la}} [[Jamii:Dola la Roma|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za kihistoria za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za kihistoria za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi za kihistoria za Asia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Asia]] [[Jamii:Mediteranea]] [[Jamii:Madola]] 37jxn16e4aitfqecee350qf9em0odfm Horace Campbell 0 13170 1582387 1300389 2026-07-29T21:04:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Horace Campbell''' ni Profesa wa [[Sayansi ya Siasa]] na [[Masomo Kuhusu Wamarekani Weusi]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Syracuse]], [[New York]]. Campbell alizaliwa [[Montego Bay]], [[Jamaika]] na kupata masomo yake [[Visiwa vya Karibi]], [[Kanada]], [[Uganda]], na [[Uingereza]]. Kabla ya kuanza kufundisha Syracuse aliwahi kufundisha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern]] nchini [[Marekani]] na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Masomo yake ya udakitari aliyasomea kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sussex]] nchini Uingereza. Toka mwaka 1979 amekuwa akiandika na kufundisha kuhusu masuala ya jeshi na mabadiliko barani [[Afrika]]. Horace Campbell ameshaandika na kuhariri vitabu mbalimbali. Kitabu chake maarufu ni kile cha [[Rasta and Resistance: From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney]]. == Familia == Dr. Campbell amemuoa Professor [[Makini Zaline Roy]], ambaye ni Profesa wa Elimu Chuo Kikuu cha Syracuse. ==Machapisho== ===Vitabu=== *Campbell, H. (2013), [http://monthlyreview.org/press/books/pb4123/ ''Global NATO and the Catastrophic Failure in Libya: Lessons for Africa in the Forging of African Unity''] {{Wayback|url=http://monthlyreview.org/press/books/pb4123/ |date=20140625113106 }}, Monthly Review Press. *Campbell, H. (2010), [http://www.plutobooks.com/display.asp?K=9780745330068&st1=horace%2Bcampbell&sf1=kword_index%2Cpublisher&sort=sort_pluto&m=1&dc=2 ''Barack Obama and 21st Century Politics''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.plutobooks.com/display.asp?K=9780745330068&st1=horace%2Bcampbell&sf1=kword_index%2Cpublisher&sort=sort_pluto&m=1&dc=2 |date=20140223100501 }}, Pluto Press. *Campbell, H. (2007), [https://www.amazon.com/African-Perspectives-China-Africa-Askouri/dp/0954563735 "China in Africa: challenging US global hegemony"] in Manji, F., and S. Marks (eds), ''African Perspectives on China in Africa'', Oxford:[http://fahamubooks.org/ [[Pambazuka Press]].] {{Wayback|url=http://fahamubooks.org/ |date=20090722024543 }} *Campbell, H. (2006), [https://www.amazon.com/Pan-Africanism-Pan-Africanists-African-Liberation-Century/dp/0977790878/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1407461651&sr=8-1&keywords=Pan+Africanists+and+African+Liberation+in+the+21st+century ''Pan Africanists and African Liberation in the 21st Century''], New Academia Publishers. *Campbell, H. (2003), [https://www.amazon.com/Reclaiming-Zimbabwe-Exhaustion-Patriarchal-Liberation/dp/1592210929/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1407459511&sr=8-1&keywords=Reclaiming+Zimbabwe%3A+The+Exhaustion+of+the+Patriarchal+Model+of+Liberation ''Reclaiming Zimbabwe: The Exhaustion of the Patriarchal Model of Liberation''], New Jersey: Africa World Press; South Africa: David Phillip. *Campbell, H. (1985), [https://www.amazon.com/Rasta-Resistance-Marcus-Garvey-Walter/dp/0865430357/ref=pd_sim_sbs_b_2 ''Rasta and Resistance: From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney''], Hansib Publications (French translation published by Camion Blanc in 2014, foreword by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini). ===Makala=== *(2013) [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/04/01/the-military-defeat-of-the-south-africans-in-angola/ "The Military Defeat of the South Africans in Angola,"] ''Monthly Review'', Vol. 64, No. 11 (April 2013). *(2009) [http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/57374 "Reparations and regrets: Why is the US Senate apologising now?",] ''Pambazuka News'', Issue 440 (2009-07-02.) *(2009) [http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/panafrican/57755 "Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem and the tasks of Pan-Africanists"], ''Pambazuka News'', Issue 442 (2009-07-16). *(2009) [http://concernedafricascholars.org/zimbabwe-where-is-the-outrage/ "Zimbabwe: Where is the Outrage? Mamdani, Mugabe and the African Scholarly Community"] {{Wayback|url=http://concernedafricascholars.org/zimbabwe-where-is-the-outrage/ |date=20120227014407 }}, ''Association of Concerned Africa Scholars'' (16 March 2009). *(2009) [http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/features/53257 "Obama and US Policy Towards Africa"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/features/53257 |date=20150425193924 }}, ''Pambazuka News'', Issue 415 (15-01-2009). ==Vipindi vya televisheni alivyoshiriki== * [http://www.democracynow.org/2008/2/18/analyst_on_africa_visit_bush_pushes "Analyst: On Africa Visit, Bush Pushes Agenda of Continent-Wide U.S. Military Expansion",] ''Democracy Now!'' (18 February 2008). * [http://www.democracynow.org/2008/6/26/zimbabwe_and_the_question_of_imperialism "Zimbabwe and the Question of Imperialism: A Discussion",] ''Democracy Now!'' (26 June 2008). * [http://www.democracynow.org/2010/12/27/horace_campbell_on_ivory_coast_crisis "As Thousands Flee Ivory Coast, Former Clinton Adviser Lanny Davis is Paid Lobbyist for President Who Refuses to Cede Power",] ''Democracy Now!'' (27 December 2010). * [http://www.democracynow.org/2011/1/4/sudan_referendum_a_real_turning_point "Sudan Referendum: A Real Turning Point for the People of Africa",] ''Democracy Now!'' (4 January 2011). * [http://www.democracynow.org/2011/1/4/ivory_coast_showdown_a_discussion_on "Ivory Coast Showdown: A Discussion on the Political Crisis in West Africa",] ''Democracy Now!'' (4 January 2011). * [http://www.democracynow.org/2011/3/2/prof_horace_campbell_peace_justice_movement "Prof. Horace Campbell: Peace & Justice Movement Should Oppose U.S.-Led Intervention in Libya",] ''Democracy Now!'' (2 March 2011). * [http://rt.com/programs/crosstalk/shores-tripoli-new-air/comments/ "Libya deja vu",] {{Wayback|url=http://rt.com/programs/crosstalk/shores-tripoli-new-air/comments/ |date=20111208014527 }} ''Cross Talk, RT'' (5 March 2011). * [http://www.democracynow.org/2013/6/28/horace_campbell_obama_takes_imperial_tour "Horace Campbell: Obama Takes 'Imperial Tour' of Africa as World Honors Ailing Mandela",] ''Democracy Now!'' (28 June 2013) * [http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2013/6/28/horace_campbell_on_mandelas_legacy_natos_failure_in_libya_and_obamas_trip_to_africa "Horace Campbell on Mandela's Legacy, NATO's Failure in Libya and Obama's Trip to Africa",] ''Democracy Now!'' (28 June 2013). ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/hgcampbell/bio/Default.htm Tovuti ya kitivo] {{Wayback|url=http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/hgcampbell/bio/Default.htm |date=20170613040234 }} the Maxwell School of Citizenship, Syracuse University * [http://aas.syr.edu/faculty.htm#Campbell Tovuti ya kitivo] {{Wayback|url=http://aas.syr.edu/faculty.htm#Campbell |date=20100610011203 }} the Department of African American Studies, Syracuse University * [http://www.worldsummit2002.org/texts/HoraceCampbell.pdf The New African Initiative: Peace, Justice and Reparations or the Rekindling of the Human Spirit] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldsummit2002.org/texts/HoraceCampbell.pdf |date=20060928191839 }} (ilitumiwa kwenye the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002) * {{IMDb name|id=5207069}} {{mbegu-elimu}} gurg4y8bihfqz2r6y10hbt5ypobx2tc Ingmar Bergman 0 15629 1582391 1307014 2026-07-30T00:23:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Ingmar Bergman | picha = Ingmar Bergman Smultronstallet.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Ingmar Bergman | jina la kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[14 Julai]] [[1918]] | mahala pa kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kufa = [[30 Julai]] [[2007]] | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwongozaji]] wa [[filamu]] wa [[Uswidi|Kiswidi]]. | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | watoto = | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = }} '''Ernst Ingmar Bergman''' ([[14 Julai]] [[1918]] – [[30 Julai]] [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwongozaji]] wa [[filamu]] wa [[Uswidi|Kiswidi]]. Yasemekana kwamba Bergman ndiye [[mwanzilishi]] na mjuzi zaidi wa kutengeneza filamu za kisasa. Watengenezaji wengi wa filamu [[duniani]] wamekiri kwamba [[kazi]] zao zimeathiriwa na kazi za Bergman, baadhi yao [[Wamarekani]] [[Woody Allen]] na [[Robert Altman]], mwongozaji filamu wa [[Urusi]] [[Andrei Tarkovsky]] na mwongozaji filamu wa [[Japani]] [[Akira Kurosawa]]. == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Ingmar Bergman}} * {{IMDb name|id=0000005|name=Ingmar Bergman}} * {{tcmdb name|id=14557|name=Ingmar Bergman}} * [http://www.ingmarbergman.se/ Ingmar Bergman Face to Face] * [http://www.ingmarbergmanfoundation.com/ The Ingmar Bergman Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ingmarbergmanfoundation.com/ |date=20060712233418 }} * [http://www.sweden.se/templates/cs/BasicFactsheet____4400.aspx A presentation of Ingmar Bergman] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sweden.se/templates/cs/BasicFactsheet____4400.aspx |date=20051217050225 }} from the website Sweden.se. * [http://www.bergmanorama.com/index.htm Bergmanorama: The magic works of Ingmar Bergman] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bergmanorama.com/index.htm |date=20071220021359 }} * [http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Ingmar_Bergman.html The Religious Affiliation of Ingmar Bergman] {{Wayback|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Ingmar_Bergman.html |date=20070404055136 }} * [http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/great-directors/bergman/ Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/great-directors/bergman/ |date=20140710071949 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000120005452/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Venue/3825/bergman.html Wings Of Desire Bergman site] * [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/bergman.htm Brief biography at Kirjasto (Pegasos)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/bergman.htm |date=20070424181236 }} * [http://www.samlaren.org/bergman/ Ingmar Bergman Swedish Posters] {{Wayback|url=http://www.samlaren.org/bergman/ |date=20201019153533 }} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bergman, Ingmar}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] 31xirvh1db3jqevqgp8o5nu33w825gh Kidatu 0 17435 1582457 1580617 2026-07-30T09:48:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kidatu.jpg|thumb|Kidatu]] '''Kidatu ''' ni [[kata]] ya [[Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini]] katika [[Mkoa wa Morogoro]], [[Tanzania]], yenye [[Postikodi Tanzania|Postikodi namba]] 67508. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] wakazi walihesabiwa 27,463 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2012]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 32,589 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |title=Sensa ya 2012, Morogoro - Kilombero DC |accessdate=2015-03-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102080416/http://www.meac.go.tz/sites/default/files/Statistics/Tanzania%20Population%20Census%202012.pdf |archivedate=2004-01-02 }}</ref> walioishi humo. Iko kando ya hifadhi ya taifa ya [[milima ya Udzungwa]] iliyopo upande wa [[kaskazini]] karibu na [[mto]] [[Ruaha Mkuu]], pale inapotoka milimani na kuingia katika [[tambarare]] ya [[mto Kilombero|Kilombero]]. [[Milima]] hiyo inasaidia kuongeza [[uchumi]] wa [[taifa]] kwa sekta ya [[utalii]] hapa nchini. Inapakana na [[hifadhi ya Selous|hifadhi ya wanyama ya Selous]] upande wa [[kusini]]. == Uchumi == Uchumi ya wakazi hutegemea [[kilimo]]. [[Ajira]] inapatikana kwenye [[Shamba|mashamba]] ya [[sukari]] ya [[Illovo]].<ref>[http://www.illovosugar.com www.illovosugar.com]</ref> Kuna pia [[kiwanda]] cha [[sukari]] cha Illovo.<ref>[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/product-compint-0000756825-page.html goliath.ecnext.com]</ref> [[Lambo la Kidatu]] la [[TANESCO]] ambalo lipo karibu ni [[asili]] ya sehemu kubwa ya [[umeme]] kwa taifa. == Usafiri == Kidatu ni mahali ambako [[reli]] za [[TAZARA]] na [[Reli ya Kati]] huunganishwa kwa njia ya reli kutoka [[Kilosa]]. Kuna mitambo ya kubadilisha [[magari]] ya reli kutoka [[upana]] mkubwa wa reli ya TAZARA na upana mdogo wa Reli ya Kati. Pia kuna [[barabara]] inayounganisha kata hiyo na [[wilaya ya Kilosa]] na kata nyingine za wilaya ya Kilombero<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/1910/Business/Appointments7.html |title=The EastAfrican<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2008-09-04 |archive-date=2001-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011123024536/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/1910/Business/Appointments7.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_199812/ai_n21430104 Historic rail deal for Tazania | African Business | Find Articles at BNET.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/old/Opinion/Opinion2.html Rail in East Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nationaudio.com/News/EastAfrican/old/Opinion/Opinion2.html |date=20040820122812 }} {{en}} * [http://bostonreview.net/BR29.6/monson.html Freedom Railway] {{Wayback|url=http://bostonreview.net/BR29.6/monson.html |date=20080512053918 }} {{en}} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Kidatu.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 294m - railways in red dots] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TZ/0/Kidatu.html |date=20160305185920 }} {{en}} {{Kata za Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini}} {{mbegu-jio-morogoro}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ifakara Mjini]] [[Jamii:Kata za Mkoa wa Morogoro]] q2odeite6aw1l7gsoxg5bpc7wewa2q6 Gümüşhane 0 23896 1582355 1202740 2026-07-29T12:20:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Gümüşhane Genel.JPG|thumb|300px|right| Gümüşhane ]] [[Picha:Gümüşhane districts.png|thumb|right|400px| Gümşhane, [[Uturuki]]. ]] '''Gümüşhane''' ni jina la kutaja mji mkuu wa [[Jimbo la Gümüşhane]] katika maeneo ya [[Bahari Nyeusi]] huko nchnii [[Uturuki]]. Mji umelaliana na Ziwa Harşit, kwenye mapolomoko yenye takriban futi 5,000 (1,500 m). Takriban maili 40 kutoka kusini-magharibi mwa mji wa [[Trabzon]]. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mwaka wa 2000, mji una wakazi wapatao 46,656 ambao wengine 30,270 wanaishi katikati ya mji wa Gümüşhane.<ref name="die">{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls|title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey|accessdate=2008-12-01|author=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|format=XLS|language=Turkish|archivedate=2007-07-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Karadeniz|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-12-01|author=GeoHive|language=English}}</ref> Mji una eneo la kilomita za mraba zipatazo 1789,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey|accessdate=2008-12-01|author=Statoids|language=English}}</ref> na mapolomoko 1227 m. ==Jina== Jina linamaana ya "jumba la fedha" kwa Kituruki na linatokana na migodi ya fedha iliyokaribu nayo. Wakati wa zama za Byzantine eneo waliokuwa wakilimiliki lilikuwa likiitwa Chaldia. Baada ya Ufufuko wa Wagiriki mnamo miaka ya 1850, mji ulikuwa ukiitwa '''Argyròpolis''' kwa [[Kigiriki]] (mji wa fedha), kwa mali zilizopo mjini hapo. ==Jiografia== ==Watu mashuhuri== * [[Mahmut Oltan Sungurlu]], Waziri wa Sheria na Ulinzi wa Uturuki. ==Vyanzo== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Gumushane.html|title=Geographical information on Gümüşhane, Turkey|accessdate=2008-12-01|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|language=English|archive-date=2012-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026101427/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Gumushane.html|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.kulturturizm.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D31395FB1C5180B6EBD6B0B3F062CA1037C7|title=Mosques, Mausoleums and Churches in Gümüşhane|accessdate=2009-03-05|author=Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism|language=English}} ==Viungo vya Nje== {{Commonscat-inline|Gümüşhane Province}} * [http://www.gumushane.gov.tr Governor's official website] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.gumushane.bel.tr Municipality's official website] {{tr icon}} {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Bahari Nyeusi]] [[Jamii:Uturuki]] qs31m2c0m5bkeqdc4360cu7ghfd7vb0 Karabük 0 23907 1582433 1346679 2026-07-30T07:35:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ted Karabük Koleji 0005.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Chuo kilichopo mjini hapa.]] '''Karabük''' ni mji uliopo katika eneo la [[Bahari Nyeusi]] nchini [[Uturuki]]. Huu ni mji mkuu wa [[Jimbo la Karabük]]. Kwa mujibu sensa ilifanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2000, idadi ya wakazi wanaoishi katika jiji hili ni 116,804 ambao wengine 100,749 wanaishi katikati ya mji huu wa Karabük.<ref name="die">{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls|title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey|accessdate=2008-11-20|author=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|format=XLS|language=Turkish|archivedate=2007-07-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Karadeniz|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-11-20|author=GeoHive|language=English}}</ref> Mji unachukua kilomita za mraba zipatazo 760<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey|accessdate=2008-11-20|author=Statoids|language=English}}</ref>. ==Viungo vya Nje== {{marejeo}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Karabuk3.html|title=Geographical information on Karabük, Turkey|accessdate=2008-11-19|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|language=English|archive-date=2012-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119073700/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Karabuk3.html|url-status=dead}} ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.karabuk.gov.tr/ District governor's official web site] {{tr icon}} *[http://www.kardemir.com/english/index.html Kardemir official web site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kardemir.com/english/index.html |date=20070206030049 }} {{en icon}} *[http://www.karabukrehberi.com Karabük guide and news] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karabukrehberi.com/ |date=20191116084153 }} {{tr icon}} {{Commonscat}} {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Uturuki]] rl6kx3acpdbh5arp65vwdq8o49hnm11 Karaman 0 23913 1582434 1386507 2026-07-30T07:40:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karaman''' (zamani uliitwa '''Larende''') ni mji wa kusini ya kati huko nchini [[Uturuki]]. Mji upo kaskazini mwa [[Milima ya Taurus]], takriban kilomita 100 kutoka mjini kusini mwa [[Konya]]. Huu ni mji mkuu wa [[Mkoa wa Karaman]]. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2000, idadai ya wakazi wanaoishi hapa ilifikia kiwango cha 152,450 ambao wengine 105,834 wanaishi mjini kwa Karaman.<ref name="die">{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls|title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey|accessdate=2008-03-20|author=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|format=XLS|language=Turkish|archivedate=2007-07-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Ic%20Anadolu|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-03-20|author=GeoHive|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66FXYDsBO?url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Ic%20Anadolu|archivedate=2012-03-18}}</ref> Wanaokalia katika eneo la kilomita za mraba zipatazo 3,686.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey|accessdate=2008-04-12|author=Statoids}}</ref> == Marejeo == * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/78/Karaman.html|title=Geographical information on Karaman, Turkey|accessdate=2008-03-20|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|archive-date=2007-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027071711/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/78/Karaman.html|url-status=dead}} {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.karaman.gov.tr/ District governor's official website] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.karaman.bel.tr/ District municipality's official website] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.allaboutturkey.com/karaman.htm All About Turkey: Karaman] {{en icon}} * [http://www.karamandan.com/ City News] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.karaman.tv/ Karaman tv] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karaman.tv/ |date=20090420015318 }} {{tr icon}} * [http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/karaman_turkey Extensive photo site with highlights of the town] {{en icon}} * [http://www.karaman.cz/ Czech site of Michal Karaman] {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{Wilaya za Uturuki|provname=Karaman}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Uturuki]] pm5ffri52pe6om4uwsc2gofjrjnbkix Kars 0 23924 1582438 1398311 2026-07-30T07:51:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kars genel görünüm.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Maeneo ya Kars]] '''Kars''' (kutoka [[Kiarmenia]]: Ղարս ''"Ghars"'' au Կարս ''"Kars"'', [[Kituruki cha Azerbaijani]]: Qars) ni [[mji]] uliopo [[kaskazini]]-[[mashariki]] mwa nchi ya [[Uturuki]]. Huu ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Jimbo la Kars]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2000, [[idadi]] ya wakazi imefikia kiasi cha 130,361. ==Marejeo== * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Kars.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 1761m (Red dots are existing railways)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/0/Kars.html |date=20090216075959 }} ==Viungo vya Nje== {{commonscat|Kars}} * [http://www.tulpart.com/pic.asp?cmd=1&cid=44 Pictures of the city and the nearby city of Ani] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tulpart.com/pic.asp?cmd=1&cid=44 |date=20071016104336 }} * [http://www.kars.gov.tr/ Kars Governor's Office] * [http://www.politikars.com/ Kars News] * [http://www.anatolia.luwo.be/Kars.htm Kars Guide and Photo Album by Luc Wouters] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anatolia.luwo.be/Kars.htm |date=20100515210707 }} * [http://www.turkeyforecast.com/weather/kars/ Kars Weather Forecast Information] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turkeyforecast.com/weather/kars/ |date=20080928090213 }} * [http://groong.usc.edu/treaties/kars.html Treaty of Kars]{{Wayback|url=http://groong.usc.edu/treaties/kars.html |date=20110511142658 }} * [http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/Armenia/kars.htm Atlas of Conflicts: The Treaty of Kars and Its Geopolitical Implications on Armenia by Dr. Andrew Andersen, Ph.D.] * [http://www.virtualani.org/kars/index.htm VirtualANI - A history and description of the city of Kars] * [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Kars Armenian History and Presence in Kars] * [http://sketchup.google.es/3dwarehouse/details?mid=38bcb019501f06e5918b51a266e53d4 3D Model of the Cathedral ] {{Wayback|url=http://sketchup.google.es/3dwarehouse/details?mid=38bcb019501f06e5918b51a266e53d4 |date=20080203051915 }} {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Uturuki]] 4894hr0sfebadfzv605fajsfp74cuaz Kastamonu 0 23925 1582439 1397401 2026-07-30T07:54:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kastamonu from above.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Picha iliyopigwa kwa juu ya mji huu wa Kastamonu.]] '''Kastamonu''' ni wilaya kuu ya [[Jimbo la Kastamonu]] huko nchini [[Uturuki]]. Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika mnamo mwaka wa 2000, idadi ya wakazi wanaoishi katika wilaya hii ilikadiriwa kufikia kiasi cha 102,059 ambao wengine 64,606 wanaishi katikati ya mji huu wa Kastamonu.<ref name="die">{{cite web|url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls|title=Census 2000, Key statistics for urban areas of Turkey|accessdate=2008-11-17|author=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]]|format=XLS|language=Turkish|archivedate=2007-07-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5QWEsWFnQ?url=http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus_sayimi/2000tablo5.xls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/turkey.aspx?levels=Karadeniz|title=Statistical information on Turkey's administrative units|accessdate=2008-11-22|author=GeoHive|language=English}}</ref> Wilaya inachukua eneo la kilomita za mraba zipatazo 1,834,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/ytr.html|title=Statistical information on districts of Turkey|accessdate=2008-11-22|author=Statoids|language=English}}</ref> na umelalia katika eneo la mapolomoko yenye mita 904. Wilaya hii ipo kusini mwa jimbo. == Marejeo == * {{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/37/Kastamonu.html|title=Geographical information on Kastamonu, Turkey|accessdate=2008-11-14|author=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|language=English|archive-date=2009-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108134352/http://fallingrain.com/world/TU/37/Kastamonu.html|url-status=dead}} {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{commonscat-inline}} * [http://www.kastamonu.gov.tr/ Kastamonu governor's official website] {{tr icon}} * [http://www.kastamonu.org Kastamonu Organization site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kastamonu.org/ |date=20101024042757 }} * [http://karalahana.com/karalahana/karadeniz/sehir_rehberi/kastamonu_travel_guide.html Kastamonu culture & travel guide] {{Wayback|url=http://karalahana.com/karalahana/karadeniz/sehir_rehberi/kastamonu_travel_guide.html |date=20080513140009 }} * [http://www.muhacirler37.tr.gg Kastamonu, Araç Muhacirler köyü] * [http://pontosworld.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=473&Itemid=90 Kastamoni] {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Ugiriki ya Kale katika Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Roma ya Kale]] h6evcqrjzp0qo90zpe6psanhm2qnh0b Kitale 0 28403 1582476 1517251 2026-07-30T11:46:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: DSC00673_Kitale_downtown_2019.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Kitale, Kenya]] {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Kitale |picha_ya_satelite = |pushpin_map = Kenya |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Kitale katika Kenya |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Kenya]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Kaunti za Kenya|Kaunti]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia|Trans-Nzoia]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 106187 |latd=1 |latm=01 |lats=0 |latNS=N |longd=35 |longm=0 |longs=0 |longEW=E |website = }} '''Kitale''' ni [[mji]] wa [[Kenya]] katika [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]]. Ni [[makao makuu]] ya [[kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia]]. Mji uko [[mita]] 1900 [[juu ya usawa wa bahari]]. [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Saiwa Swamp]] iko karibu na mji, ambao unajulikana pia kwa [[makumbusho ya Kitale]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/19/25/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-08-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111021342/http://www.museums.or.ke/content/blogcategory/19/25/ |archivedate=2013-11-11 }}</ref>. [[Mazao]] ya [[Soko|sokoni]] inayokuzwa katika sehemu hii ni [[majani]] ya [[chai]], [[kahawa]], [[pareto]], [[alizeti]], [[maharagwe]] na [[mahindi]]. Kitale ni soko la mazao ya [[kilimo]] na kituo cha [[kilimo cha mseto]]. Mji huu ulianzishwa [[mwaka]] wa [[1908]] na [[Wazungu]] [[walowezi]]. [[Reli ya Uganda]] kutoka [[Eldoret]] ilifika Kitale mwaka wa [[1926]] na ilichangia kukuza mji huu. Kadiri ya [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2009]], mji ulikuwa na wakazi 106,187<ref>[https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 Sensa ya Kenya 2009] {{Wayback|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/volume-1a-population-distribution-by-administrative-units-2/?wpdmdl=3765 |date=20190109205229 }}, tovuti ya [[KNBS]], ilitazamwa Januari 2009.</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kenya]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/8/Kitale.html ramani-mwiinuko =mita 1896 (alama nyekundu ni reli)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/KE/8/Kitale.html |date=20100514153440 }} * [http://www.kitale.org manispaa ya Kitale] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kitale.org/ |date=20110531201720 }} {{Kaunti za Kenya}} {{mbegu-jio-Kenya}} {{coord|1|01|N|35|00|E|region:KE_type:city|display=title}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia]] ij5d1p7pi25wodpp90q9w7gh9dvodt9 Hopa 0 29284 1582386 1350093 2026-07-29T21:02:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582386 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Centre of Hopa, province of Artvin, Turkey.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Hopa]] '''Hopa''' ni mji na wilaya iliopo katika [[Mkoa wa Artvin]] huko nchini [[Uturuki]]. Takriban km 67 kutoka mjini kwa [[Artvin]]. Kwa upande wa mashariki, mji upo kwenye pwani ya [[Bahari Nyeusi]] karibu kidogo na mpaka wa nchi ya [[Georgia (nchi)|Georgia]]. == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.hopa.gov.tr Governor's Office] * [http://www.hopa.bel.tr/ the Municipality] * {{tr icon}} [http://www.hopa.gen.tr/ Photo and Art website] {{tr icon}} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.oykusila.com/ Photo and mountaineering] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oykusila.com/ |date=20210302232605 }}{{tr icon}} * [http://www.yerelnet.org.tr/belediyeler/index.php?belediyeid=129341 local information] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yerelnet.org.tr/belediyeler/index.php?belediyeid=129341 |date=20070806073817 }} {{tr icon}} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.hopam.com/fotogaleri.asp photos of Hopa in local news website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hopam.com/fotogaleri.asp |date=20070402035151 }} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/TU/8/Hopa.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 215m]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.hopaport.com/ Hopa Port's web site] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hopaport.com/ |date=20100507094345 }} {{Districts of Turkey|provname=Artvin|sortkey=Hopa}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} irj7pq8h1epot4in64fg98yyiyb9tsl Gyumri 0 31248 1582354 1495256 2026-07-29T12:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Gyumrigeneralview.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Moja ya sehemu ya mjini hapa.]] '''Gyumri''' (kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Գյումրի, pia unajulikana kwa majina ya [[Kirumi]] kama '''Kumayri''', '''Kümri''', '''Gumry''', '''Gumri''', '''Gimri''', '''Kyumayri''', na '''Kyumri''') ni mji mkuu na mkubwa wa [[Mkoa wa Shirak]] kaskazini-magharibi mwa nchi ya [[Armenia]]. Upo takriban kilomita 120 kutoka mji mkuu wa nchi [[Yerevan]], na idadi ya wakazi wapatao 168,918 (2008; kutoka 150,917 ilivyoripotiwa kwenye sensa ya mwaka wa 2001, na kuufanya uwe mji mkubwa nchini Armenia. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya miji ya Armenia]] == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == * {{GEOnet2|32FA881E6F8C3774E0440003BA962ED3}} * {{ArmenianCensus|194}} * {{note|Britannica}} See: [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046406?tocId=9046406 Encyclopedia Britannica] * Adrian Room, ''Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historical Sites'', McFarland, 1997, ISBN 0-7864-1814-1 (pbk) p.&nbsp;192 * {{note|Cimmerian}} See http://www.gyumri.am/eng/history.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.gyumri.am/eng/history.html |date=20121106210024 }} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.gyumricity.am/ City website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gyumricity.am/ |date=20120817184016 }} {{en icon}} * [http://www.virtualani.org/gyumri/ Surp Amenaprkich cathedral in Gyumri] * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AM/07/Gyumri.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 1546m (Red dots are railways)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AM/07/Gyumri.html |date=20150912012343 }} {{mbegu-jio-Armenia}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Armenia]] dwzm5ocg79gszr7fibc3f1dodtjgg0f Juba, Sudan Kusini 0 32708 1582424 1578003 2026-07-30T05:46:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |official_name = Juba |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Juba Sudan aerial view.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Aerial view |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Sudan Kusini<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =top |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Sudan <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Picha:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2017 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 525,953 (est) |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd=4|latm=51|lats=0 |latNS=N |longd=31 |longm=36 |longs=0 |longEW=E |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} [[Picha: Juba City.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Mji wa Juba, Sudan ]] '''Juba''' ni [[mji]] wa [[Sudan Kusini]] ambao ndio [[mji mkuu]] wa nchi hiyo na wa [[jimbo la Jubek]]. == Idadi ya watu == [[Idadi]] ya watu wake ilikuwa 525,953 mwaka wa 2017. Sensa ya Aprili / Mei 2008 matokeo yake yalikataliwa na [[serikali]] ya Kusini mwa Sudan. <ref>{{cite news|publisher=Sudan Tribune|title=South Sudan parliament throw outs census results|author=Isaac Vuni|date=8 Julai 2009|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31746|accessdate=2009-12-03|archivedate=2014-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712230242/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31746}}</ref> Juba ni mmojawapo wa miji inayokua haraka sana [[duniani]] na unaendelea kutokana na [[fedha]] za [[Mafuta ya petroli|mafuta]] na kuja kwa [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|Wachina]] kwa ajili ya [[kazi]] na [[maendeleo]]. Ukuaji wa idadi ya watu: {| class="wikitable" ! mwaka ! Idadi ya Watu |- | 1973 (sensa) | align="right"| 56.737 |- | 1983 (sensa) | align="right"| 83.787 |- | 1993 (sensa) | align="right"| 114.980 |- | 2005 (kadirio) | align="right"| 163.442 |- | 2017 (kadirio) | align="right"| 525,953} |} == Historia == Katika [[karne ya 19]], kituo cha [[biashara]] na [[dini]] kiitwacho [[Gondokoro]] kilikuwa jirani na Juba. Kilikuwa kituo cha [[kusini]] zaidi cha [[jeshi]] la [[Milki ya Osmani|Kituruki]] na kilikuwa na wanajeshi wachache sana, haswa waliokuwa wakiugua [[malaria]] na homa ya blackwater iliyokuwa imeenea kanda hii. Gondokoro ilikuwa pia kituo cha Baker, kwani hangeweza kwenda Kusini zaidi kuliko eneo hilo. Mwaka wa [[1922]], idadi ndogo ya [[Mfanyabiashara|wafanyabiashara]] wa [[Ugiriki|Kigiriki]] waliwasili katika eneo hilo na kuanzisha Juba, kando ya ufuo wa [[mto]] [[Nile Nyeupe|White Nile]]. Wagiriki ambao walikuwa na mahusiano bora na [[kabila]] la Juba ([[Wabari]]) walijenga kinachojulikana leo kama Business District. [[jengo|Majengo]] ambapo leo ni Buffalo Commercial Bank, Nile Commercial Bank, Paradise Hotel, Kinorwe Consul's House na hivyo wengine wengi, walijengwa na Wagiriki na walikuwa miundo ya kudumu tu mtu anaweza kupata mpaka mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1940. Kutoka 1899-1956, Juba ilikuwa katika [[Sudan]] iliyosimamiwa kwa pamoja na [[Uingereza]] na [[Misri]]. [[Uingereza]] inatarajia kujiunga na sehemu ya kusini ya Sudan na [[Uganda]] walikuwa dashed mwaka 1947 kwa makubaliano ya Juba, pia inajulikana kama [[Mkutano wa Juba]], kuunganisha kaskazini na kusini mwa Sudan. Mwaka 1955, na uasi wa kusini mwa askari katika mji ulisababisha [[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Sudan]] hadi 1972 na kuzuka tena baadaye hadi mwaka 2005 ilipotekwa na [[Sudan People's Liberation Army]] na kufanywa mji mkuu wa kudumu wa mikoa ya [[Kusini mwa Sudan]], ingawa mji mkuu wa mpito ulikuwa [[Rumbek]]. [[Picha:Sudan Juba Hotel 1936.jpg|thumb|left|Juba Hotel mwaka 1936.]] Baada ya ujio wa amani, [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] uliongeza uwepo Juba, [[Kusini mwa Sudan]] wakati ambapo shughuli nyingi zilikuwa zimesimamiwa kutoka [[Kenya]]. Chini ya uongozi wa [[Ofisi]] ya [[Umoja]] wa [[Mataifa ya Kuratibu Masuala ya Kibinadamu, Umoja wa Mataifa]] ilianzisha kambi ijulikanayo kama "OCHA Camp", ambalo lilikuwa kama msingi kwa mashirika mengi ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] na mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali. [[Picha:Sudan Juba bridge.jpg|thumb|Daraja la Juba.]] [[Picha:Sudan Juba cattle on street.jpg|thumb|A'AM mitaani mwa Juba.]] == Miundombinu == Kabla ya vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe Juba ilikuwa pia kitovu cha usafiri, pamoja na kuunganisha barabara hiyo kwa [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Barabara na bandari zimekarabatiwa na Umoja wa Mataifa na serikali ya Sudan Kusini, lakini matengenezo kamili unatarajiwa kuchukua miaka mingi. [[Schweiziska Foundation Mine Action (FSD)]] kwenye 2003 ulianza kwa wazi barabara Juba kupelekea kutoka Uganda na Kenya, inatarajiwa kwamba barabara hizi utakuwa na demined upya kabisa katika mwendo wa 2006-2008. Barabara ya kwanza ambayo imeanza kuwa mpya ni barabara ya Uganda. Barabara hiyo ni muhimu hasa kama wakazi wengi waliokimbilia Uganda wakati wa vita. Barabara ni muhimu mno kwa mchakato wa amani nchini Sudan ili watu waweze kurudi majumbani mwao na kuishi maisha ya kawaida tena. Mwaka 2008 kulikuwa na barabara tatu za lami katika Juba . Moja kuu ni konkreta barabarani, kujengwa na [[Uingereza]] katika miaka ya 1950. Juba hutumika [[Juba Airport]] (JUB / HSSJ), uwanja wa ndege mmojawapo muhimu katika Afrika Mashariki. Mji huu ni eneo la [[Juba National University]] na United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) ina kiwanja kikubwa karibu na Juba Airport. [[Picha:Sudan Juba overview march 2006.jpg|thumb|Juba Machi 2006.]] ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Sudan Kusini]] ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo}} == Marejeo == {{refbegin}} * Fisher, J. 2005, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4461663.stm 'kwenda Kusini mwa Sudan mji',] ''BBC News,'' 20 Aprili. * Holt, K. 2007, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6228705.stm 'In pictures: Juba's mitaani Mapambano',] ''BBC News,'' 4 Januari. * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/SU/28/Juba.html FallingRain Map - kimo = 550m]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Juba}} * [http://www.thejubapost.com The Juba Post] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thejubapost.com/ |date=20070531231318 }} {{Coord|4|51|N|31|36|E|region:SD_type:city|display=title}} {{list of African capitals}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Sudan Kusini]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Afrika]] [[Jamii:Juba]] im0cdcmq7bd6hem34al3wp76pr69yfz Kaduna 0 33857 1582425 1516285 2026-07-30T06:47:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ----------------> |jina_rasmi = Kaduna |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji ya Kaduna katika Nigeria <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Nigeria.svg|25px]] [[Nigeria]] |subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Jimbo la Kaduna|Kaduna]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =[[List of Governors of Kaduna State|Governor]] |leader_name =[[Mohammed Namadi Sambo]] |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = |established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |established_date2 = |established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 3080<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of =2006 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 1458900 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 =[[Hausa]] |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |latd=10 |latm=31|lats=23 |latNS=N |longd=7|longm=26 |longs=25 |longEW=E |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +1 |website = http://www.kadunastate.gov.ng/ |footnotes = }} [[Picha:Kaduna River, Kaduna (Nigeria), 2007.JPG|thumbnail|right|280px|Mto Kaduna.]] '''Kaduna''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[jimbo la Kaduna]] kaskazini-kati mwa [[Nigeria]]. [[Mji]] huo, ambao uko kwenye [[Mto wa Kaduna]], ni [[kiini]] cha [[biashara]] kubwa na [[usafiri]] kwa maeneo ya [[kilimo]] yaliyo karibu pamoja na [[reli]] na makutano ya barabara. Idadi ya wakazi wa Kaduna ni 8,252,400. Ishara ya Kaduna ni mamba, aitwaye ''Kada'' katika lugha ya [[Kihausa]] . ==Historia== Kaduna ilianzishwa na [[Waingereza]] mwaka wa 1913 na kuwa mji mkuu wa Nigeria wa zamani wa [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini]] mwaka 1917. <ref>{{cite book|last=Fletcher|first=Banister|coauthors=Dan Cruickshank|title=Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/historyarchitect1905flet|year=1996|chapter=Africa|publisher=Architectural Press|isbn= 0750622679|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyarchitect1905flet/page/n1466 1466]}}</ref> Ilihifadhi hali hiyo mpaka 1967. Watu waliotoka Kaduna ni pamoja na [[Emmanuel]] na [[Celestine Babayaro]] (wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria) na [[Fiona Atlanta]] (mwanasinema wa Uingereza na [[msichana katika sinema ya Bond)]] ===Ugomvi wa Kidini === Kaduna imekuwa mahala pa mvutano wa kidini kati ya [[Uislamu|Waislamu]] na [[Ukristo|Wakristo]], hasa juu ya utekelezaji wa sheria katika [[shari'a katika mji wa Kaduna]] mwanzo wa mwaka wa 2001. Hasa katika tukio moja Februari mwaka wa 2000 angalau watu 1,000 waliuawa katika zogo fulani. Mji unabakia umetengwa siku hizi, ambapo Waislamu hasa wanaishi kaskazini mwa mji na Wakristo kusini. <ref name="bbc">{{cite web| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2579825.stm| title = "BBC News - Kaduna: Nigeria's religious flashpoint"| accessdate = 2007-04-06}}</ref> Tukio jingine lilitokana na makala katika gazeti [[Lagos]] ambayo yalitia Waislamu hasira. Makala ilikuwa juu ya shindano la kutafuta [[Mrembo wa Dunia]] lililokuwa wiki hiyo katika mji mkuu wa [[Abuja]], kupendekeza kwamba kama [[Muhammad]] angehudhuria shindano hilo angeweza kuoa mmoja wa washindani hao. <ref name="bbc1">{{cite web| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2510743.stm| title = "BBC News - Nigeria Buries Its Dead"| accessdate = 2009-02-07}}</ref> ==Elimu== Kaduna ni nyumbani mwa [[Chuo cha Ulinzi]] cha [[Nigeria]] (1964), [[Kaduna Polytechnic]] (1968), Chui kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello (1962), Chuo kikuu cha Kaduna(2007), Chuo cha Urobani na Teknolojia cha Nigeria na [[Taasisi]] ya [[Utafiti wa Trypanosomiasis Nigeria]] (1951). == Uchumi na usafiri == Kaduna ni kituo cha viwanda [[Kaskazini mwa Nigeria]], vinatengeneza bidhaa kama [[nguo]], [[mashine, chuma, alumini, bidhaa za mafuta]] na [[magurudumu.]] [[Ufinyaji wa Udongo]]linalofanywa sana katika Kaduna, hasa kutoka Maraban-Jos, ambayo inayofuata Abuja na [[Minna.]] Njia kuu inayopiytia mji huu inaitwa [[Barabara Ahmadu Bello.]] Majina mengi ya maeneo katika mji huu yametokana na majina ya zamani Masultani, emirs na mashujaa wa vita. Kaduna ina soko kubwa,lilioundwa hivi karibuni baada ya moto katikati mwa mwaka wa 1990. Kuna [[uwanja wa mashindano]] mkubwa, takriban maili moja mviringo, ambapo ndani mna[[Klabu ya polo ya Ahmadu Yakubu]]na [[Kalabu ya mamba Kaduna]]pia vilabu vya mchezo wa raga viko ndani mwa uwanja huo. Kuna viwanja vya ndege mbili, moja ambayo ni [[Uwanja wa ndege Kaduna .]] Ofisi kuu ya [[Kampuni ya huduma za ndege ya Chanchangi]]iko Kaduna. <ref>[http://www.chanchangi.com/website/contacts.html "Contacts."] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chanchangi.com/website/contacts.html |date=20091227082502 }} [[Chanchangi Airlines.]] Kuzunduliwa tarehe 19 Oktoba 2009.</ref> === Njia za reli === Mnamo Septemba, mwaka wa 2009, ujenzi wa tawi la reli hadi mji mkuu wa [[Abuja]] ulipitishwa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/nigeria-approves-abuja-line-2/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-22 |archivedate=2009-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217040454/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/10/nigeria-approves-abuja-line-2/ }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Nigeria]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/23/Kaduna.html FallingRain Map - elevation = 177m (alama nyekundu ni reli)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/23/Kaduna.html |date=20090524173138 }} {{Coord|10|31|N|7|26|E|region:NG_type:city(1652844)|display=title}} [[Category:Miji ya Nigeria]] [[Category:Kaduna]] [[Jamii:Jimbo la Kaduna]] 51ruw5ygapr04apgcjxukx7qfngrx2z Jimbo la Sokoto 0 34033 1582399 1289154 2026-07-30T03:51:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582399 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Front_of_Sokoto_Sultan_Palce.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Jumba la Sultan, Sokoto]] {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0;border:1px #aaa solid;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%" align="right" | align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#d3d3d3"|<font size="4">'''Jimbo la Sokoto''' </font><br /><font size="1">Jina lingine la Jimbo hili: Seat of Caliphate</font> |- ! align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Mahali |- ! align="center" colspan="3"|[[Picha:NigeriaSokoto.png|200px|Location of Sokoto State nchini Nigeria]] |- ! align="center" bgcolor="#efefef" colspan="3"|Takwimu |- | align="left" valign="top"|'''Gavana''' <br /> (Orodha) | colspan="2" valign="top"|Aliyu Wamakko (PDP) |- ! align="left" valign="top"|Tarehi lililoanzishwa | colspan="2" valign="top"|3 Februari 1976 |- ! align="left" valign="top"|[[Mji mkuu]] | colspan="2" valign="top"|Sokoto |- ! align="left" valign="top"|Eneo | colspan="2" valign="top"|Eneo a eneo kilmota 25,973 <br />liko katika nafasi ya 16 |- | align="left" valign="top"|'''Idadi ya Watu''' <br /> Sensa ya mwaka wa [[1991]] <br /> [[2005]] est | align="left" valign="top"| Liko katika nafasi ya 14<br /> 4.392.391 <br /> 4.244.399 |- | align="left" valign="top"|'''GDP (PPP)''' <br /> &nbsp;-Jumla <br /> &nbsp;-Per capita | align="left" valign="top"| 2007 (kadirio)<br /> bilioni dola 4.82 <ref name="C-GIDD GDP">{{cite web|url=http://www.cgidd.com|publisher=Canback Dangel|title=C-GIDD (Canback Global Income Distribution Database)|accessdate = 2008-08-20}}</ref><br /> dola 1.274 <ref name="C-GIDD GDP"/> |- ! align="left" valign="top"|ISO 3166-2 | colspan="2" valign="top"|NG-SO |} [[Picha:Jimbo Sokoto Nigeria.png|thumb|right|300px|Mahali pa jimbo la Sokoto katika [[Nigeria]]]] '''Jimbo la Sokoto''' (lilianzishwa mwaka wa 1976) ni [[jimbo]] katika sehemu ya kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Nigeria]]. Jimbo hili lilipata jina lake kutoka kwa mji wake mkuu wa [[Sokoto]], mji ambao una historia ya muda mrefu na kiti cha ''Sokoto Caliphate''. == Historia == Tangu uanzishi wake kama jimbo mwaka wa 1976 (kutokana na kugawanywa kwa jimbo la kaskazini-magharibi kuwa majmbo mawili ya Sokoto na Niger, jimbo la Sokoto limetawalwa na magavana na maafisa wengi wa kijeshi wa zamani, kila mmoja wao akipata muda mfupil kutawala. Sokoto, kama eneo, lina historia ndefu. Wakati wa utawala wa himaya ya Fulani katika karne ya 19, Sokoto lilikuwa jimbo muhimu la [[Fula]] na pia lilikuwa mji mkuu wa sehemu lililokuwa linajulikana kama magharibi ya kati ya [[Sudan]]. Kutoka mwaka 1900 hivi, wakati Waingereza walianza ukoloni, Sokoto, ambayo ililkuwa inazunguka sehemu nzima ya kona ya kaskazini-magharibi ya Nigeria, ikawa mkoa wa "British protectorate" wa Nigeria. Hii haikuwa muda mrefu baada Gando kuongezwa kama mkoa mdogo wa Sokoto. Mikoa hii miwili kisha ilifunlika eneo a eneo maili elfu 35 (eneo a eneo kilomita elfu 90) na wakazi walikadiriwa kuwa zaidi ya laki 5. Mikoa hii ilijumuisha falme za Zamfara na Argunga, au Kebbi. Ifuatayo kutoka ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' ya mwaka wa 1911 inatoa baadhi ya taarifa kutoka mtazamo wa Waingereza waliokuwa katika utawala: :''Mkoa umekuwa ukipangwa kwenye kanuni sawa kama za mikoa mingine ya Kaskazini mwa Nigeria. '' ''Mkazi wa Uingereza wa daraja la kwanza amewekwa katika sehemu ya Sokoto na wakazi wasaidizi wamewekwa katika vituo vingine. '' ''Mahakama ya Kiingereza ya haki yameanzishwa na magavana Waingereza wamegawanywa katika robo nne katika mkoa. '' ''Makundi ya polisi wa raia pia wamewekwa katika stesheni kuu. '' ''Nchi imetathminiwa kutumia mfumo mpya wa ushuru na inafunguliwa kwa haraka iwezekanavyo kwa ajili ya uuzaji. '' ''Baada ya uanzilishi wa utawala wa Kiingereza, wakulima na wafugaji waliingia katika wilaya na wenyeji wa miji walikusanyika na kurudi katika ardhi hiyo, kisha walijenga tena vijiji ambavyo vililkuwa vimewachwa kwa muda wa miaka hamsini. '' ''Ufugaji wa farasi na ngombe unafomu chanzo kuu cha mali katika mkoa huu. '' ''Kuna baadhi ya ukulima wa ndege ya aina ya [[Ostrich]]. '' ''Isipokuwa katika maeneo ya mchanga, kuna kilimo kwa upana, kama vile ukulima wa mchele na pamba. '' ''Mazao maalumu yanapandwa katika mabonde kwa njia umwagiliaji. '' ''Ushonaji, uwekaji wa rangi kwa vidude na mchakato wa kubadilisha ngozi kuwa ngozi laini ndizo viwanda kuu. '' ''Barabara nzuri ziko katika mchakato wa ujenzi mkoani. '' ''Uuzaji unaongezeka na fedha taslimu zimeanzishwa.'' ::[...] :::''Mwaka wa 1906 mchipuko(rising) uliyotokana na mapenzi wa dini ilitokea karibu na Sokoto ambapo kwa bahati mbaya maafisa weupe watatu walipoteza maisha yao. '' ''[[Emir]] alimkana kiongozi wa mchipuko, ambaye alidai kuwa Mahdi aliyechochewa kuwafukuza wazungu nje ya nchi. '' ''Kikosi cha Kiingereza kiliandamana dhidi ya waasi, ambao waliondolewa na kupata hasara kubwa mnamo Machi mwaka wa 1906. '' ''Kiongozi alihukumiwa kifo katika mahakama ya Emir na kunyongwa katika mahali pa soko huko Sokoto, na tukio hilo lilikuwa la kuvutia hasa kuonysha uaminifu kwa utawala wa Kingereza ambao ulichochea pande zote kutoka watawala.'' Mwaka wa 1967, si muda mrefu baada ya Nigeria kupata uhuru kutoka Uingereza, eneo hilo lilijulikana kama jimbo la Northwestern. Mwaka wa 1976, eneo hili liligawanywa katika majimbo mawili ya Sokoto na Niger. Baadaye, jimbo la Kebbi (1991) na jimbo la Zamfara (1996) zilijitoa katika jimbo la Sokoto. == Idadi ya watu == Jimbo la Sokoto lina hasa watu wa [[Kihausa]]. Wakazi wengi wa jimbo la Sokoto ni Waislamu wa Sunni, na wachache wakiwa waislamu wa Shia; ghasia kati ya makundi haya mawili ni ya kawaida. == Hali ya hewa == Jimbo la Sokoto liko katika Sahel kavu, na limezungukwa na [[savannah]] ya mchanga na milima . Likiwa na wastani wa joto wa nyuzi 28.3, Sokoto ni eneo la joto jingi sana. Hata hivyo, upeo wa joto wa mchana kwa wakati mwingi wa mwaka huwa chini ya digri 40 kwa ujumla na ukavu huu hufanya joto usiwe wa kufurahisha. Miezi ambayo ina joto huanzia Februari hadi Aprili wakati joto wa mchana unaweza kuzidi nyuzi 45. Msimu wa mvua ni kuanzia Juni hadi Oktoba wakati ambao mvua kunyesha ni tukio kila siku. Mvua, nadra hukawia muda mrefu sana na ni tofauti sana na mvua ya kawaida mvua inayojulikana katika maeneno ya kitropiki. Kuanzia mwisho wa Oktoba hadi Februari, wakati wa ''msimu wa baridi'' , hali ya hewa huwa limejaa upepo wa [[Harmattan]] unaovuma vumbi wa [[Sahara]] juu ya ardhi. Vumbi hupunguza mwangaza na hivyo basi hupunguza joto maradufu na kupelekea shida ya vumbi katika kila sehemu ya nymba. Kupandwa kwa mazao katika eneo hili hutegemea tambarare za mafuriko za mfumo wa mto wa Sokoto-Rima (angalia mto wa Sokoto), ambazo zimefunikwa na udongo tajiri wa aina ya "alluvial". Ukavu wa eneo kwa jumla hurusu mazao chache, labda mtama huwa kwa wingi, pamoja na mchele, mahindi, maharage na nafaka nyinginezo. Mbali na nyanya, mboga chache hukua katika eneo. Kutopatikana kwa aina mbalimbali ya vyakula kumesababisha vyakula chache vilivyopikwa vya mtaa . == Maeneo ya Serikali za Mitaa == Maeneo 23 ya Serikali za Mitaa ya Sokoto ni: # Binji # Bodinga # Dange Shuni # Gada # Goronyo # Gudu # Gwadabawa # Illela # [[Isa]] # Kebbe # [[Kware]] # Rabah # Sabon Birni # Shagari # Silame # Sokoto Kaskazini # Sokoto Kusini # Tambuwal # Tangaza # Tureta # Wamako # Wurno # Yabo ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Marejeo == * Nigeria [map]. Collins Bartholomew Ltd 2005. Published by Spectrum books Ltd == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.sokotostate.gov.ng www.sokotostate.gov.ng] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sokotostate.gov.ng/ |date=20080411013146 }} Sokoto State Government Web Site * [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/51/ www.fallingrain.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/51/ |date=20100731105153 }} Directory of Cities and Towns Sokoto State {{Nigeria}} {{coord|13|05|N|5|15|E|region:NG_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}} {{mbegu-jio-Nigeria}} [[Jamii:Majimbo ya Nigeria|S]] [[Jamii:Jimbo la Sokoto]] 5k7i4kbtpio03qztaa15gvjqalujl30 Amfetamini 0 55357 1582417 1495226 2026-07-30T04:39:51Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amfetamini''' ni [[dawa]] ya kuchochea [[akili]] inayojulikana kusababisha ukosaji wa [[usingizi]] na kupunguza [[uchovu]] na [[hamu]] ya [[chakula]]. Amfetamini inahusiana kikemikali na metamfetamini na lisdeksamfetamini, kategoria ya dawa zenye nguvu zinazofanya kazi kwa kuongeza viwango vya dopamini na norepinephrine katika [[ubongo]], na kusababisha [[furaha]] nyingi. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Drevets, W et al |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2001 |month= |title=Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in Human Ventral Striatum Correlates with Euphoria |journal=Psychiatry |volume=49 |issue= |pages=81–96 |id= |url=http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~knutson/rab/drevets01.pdf |accessdate=23 Mei 2009 |quote= |archive-date=2011-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430015235/http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~knutson/rab/drevets01.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref> Rang na Dale, Pharmacology</ref> Kategoria hii inashirikisha dawa zinazotumiwa kwa maagizo ya daktari za CNS ambazo kwa kawaida hutumiwa kutibu [[ugonjwa]] wa kutomakinika na hamasa ya kupindukia (ADHD). Aidha, dawa hizi hutumiwa kutibu dalili za majeraha ya ubongo yanayotokana na mgongano (TBI) na dalili za kusinzia mchana zanarkolepsi, tatizo la mkao la orthostatiki takikadia (POTS) na dalili za uchovu sugu (CFS). Hapo awali, amfetamini ilitumiwa na watu wengi kupunguza hamu ya chakula na kudhibiti uzito wa mwili. Majina chapa ya dawa ambazo zina amfetamini, au zinazabadilika na kuwa amfetamini ni pamoja na Adderall, Vyvanse, na ''Dexedrine,'' pamoja na ''Benzedrine'' hapo mbeleni. Dawa hii pia hutumiwa kama kiburudisho na kiimarisha utendaji. Wale wanaoitumia dawa hii kujiburudisha wawameibunia majina mengi ya mitaani, kama vile ''speed'' na ''crank.'' Kituo cha Ufuatiliaji wa Dawa na Dawa za Kulevyacha Ulaya kinaripoti kuwa bei ya kawaida ya rejareja ya amfetamini katika [[Ulaya]] ni kati ya €3 na €15 (USD $4 hadi $21.55 ) kila gramu katika nusu ya nchi zinazoripoti. <ref>{{cite book |author=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |title=Annual report: the state of the drugs problem in Europe |year=2008 |publisher=Office for Official Publications of the European Communities |location=Luxembourg |isbn=978-92-9168-324-6 |pages=48 |url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_64227_EN_EMCDDA_AR08_en.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-date=2013-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425191815/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_64227_EN_EMCDDA_AR08_en.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Jina ''amfetamini'' lina asili yake katika jina la kemikali zilizo kwenye dawa hii: ''a-m'' ethyl lpha ''pH et'' en hyl ''amini.'' Maana yake ni aina ya [[madawa ya kulevya]] yenye kuchangamsha na kusisimua [[mwili]]. Licha ya hiyo, inashauriwa [[wanajamii]] wasitumie dawa za namna hiyo katika [[maisha]] yao kwa kuwa huweza kuathiri [[ubongo]] wa [[binadamu]] kwa [[kiasi]] kikubwa. ==Historia== Amfetamini ilisanisiwa kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo mwaka wa 1887 na mtaalamu wa kemia kutoka [[Romania]] Lazar Edeleanu huko [[Berlin|Berlin, Ujerumani.]] <ref> Edeleanu L. "Uber einige der Derivate Phenylmethacrylsaure und der Phenylisobuttersaure ". Deutsch Ber Chem GES. 1887, Vol 20:616.</ref> Aliuita mchanganyiko huo fenilisopropilamini. Ulikuwa ni mojawapo ya mfululizo wa michanganyiko iliyohusiana na efedrini iliyonyumbuliwa kwa mmea, na ambayo ilitolewa kwa Ma-Huang mwaka huo huo na Nagayoshi Nagai. <ref>{{cite book |last= Shulgin |first= Alexander |authorlink= Alexander Shulgin |coauthors= Shulgin, Ann |title= [[PiHKAL]] |year= 1992 |publisher= Transform Press |location= Berkeley, California |isbn= 0-9630096-0-5 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/pihkalchemicallo00shul_070/page/n9 39] |chapter= 6&nbsp;&ndash; MMDA }}</ref> Hapakuwa na matumizi yoyote ya utengenezaji dawa yaliyopatikana ya amfetamini hadi 1927, wakati mtaalamu mwanzilishi wa utengenezaji dawa za [[kichwa]] Gordon Alles aliiunganisha tena na kuijaribisha kwa kuitumia yeye mwenyewe, alipokuwa akitafuta dawa badalia ya efedrini. Kutoka 1933 au 1934 Smith, Kline na French walianza kuuza aina fukivu ya dawa hii kama dawa ya kuvuta ikiitwa kwa jina la kibiashara la Benzedrine, iliyotumiwa kugandamua lakini ingetumika kwa urahisi kwa malengo yasiyo ya kimatibabu. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Rasmussen N |title=Making the first anti-depressant: amphetamine in American medicine, 1929–1950 |journal=J Hist Med Allied Sci |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=288–323 |year=2006 |month=Julai |pmid=16492800 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/jrj039 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-medicine-and-allied-sciences_2006-07_61_3/page/288}}</ref> Mojawapo ya majaribio ya kwanza ya kuitumia amfetamini kama utafiti wa kisayansi yalifanywa na M.H. Nathanson, daktari kutoka Los Angeles, mnamo mwaka wa 1935. Daktari huyu alichunguza athari nafsi za amfetamini katika wafanyakazi 55 wa [[hospitali]] ambao walipewa miligramu 20 ya Benzedrini kila mmoja. Athari mbili zilizolipotiwa sana za dawa hii ni "hisia za wema na bashasha" na "kupunguka kwa uchovu katika utendaji kazi". <ref> Iverson, Leslie. Speed, Ecstacy, Ritalin: ya sayansi ya amfetamin. Oxford, New York. Oxford University Press, 2006.</ref> Wakati wa Vita Vikuu vya II amfetamini ilitumiwa sana kupambana na uchovu na kuongeza uwezo wa kuwa macho miongoni mwa wanajeshi. Baada ya miongo kadhaa ya ripoti za matumizi mabaya, Shirika la Madawa nchini Marekani, FDA, lilipiga marufuku aina zozote za Benzedrini za kuvutwa, kisha mnamo mwaka wa 1965, likapiga marufuku matumizi ya amfetamini bila maagizo ya daktari, lakini matumizi yasiyo ya kimatibabu yakaendelea. Amfetamini ikawekwa katika kiwango cha II chini ya Sheria ya Madawa Yaliyodhibitiwa ya mwaka wa 1971. Mchanganyiko uliohusiana wa methamfetamini ulisasiniwa kwa mara ya kwanza kutoka efedrini huko [[Japani|Japan]] katika mwaka wa 1918 na mtaalamu wa kemia Akira Ogata, kupitia kupunguza efedrini kwa kutumia fosforasi nyekundu na [[Iodini|iodini.]] Dawa ya Pervitini ilikuwa ni tembe ya {{nowrap|3 mg}} methamfetamini ambayo ilikuwa inapatikana katika Ujerumani kuanzia mwaka wa 1938 na kutumika sana katika ''Wehrmacht,'' lakini kufikia kati ya mwaka wa 1941 ikawa dawa iliyodhibitiwa, kwa sababu ya muda mwingi uliohitajika na mwanajeshi kupumzika na kupata nafuu baada ya kuitumia na pia kutokana na matumizi mabaya. Kwa wakati uliobaki wa vita, madaktari wa kijeshi waliendelea kupeana dawa hii, lakini kwa mara chache na katika kesi maalum pekee. <ref>{{cite book |last= Rasmussen |first= Nicolas |authorlink= |title= On Speed: The Many Lives of Amphetamine |url= https://archive.org/details/onspeedmanylives0000rasm |year= 2008 |publisher= New York University Press |location= New York, New York |isbn= 0-8147-7601-9 |chapter= Ch. 4 }}</ref> Mnamo miaka 1997 na 1998, <ref> Clement, Beverly A., Goff, Christina M. na Forbes, T. David A. (1998). Sumu amini na alkaloids kutoka rigidula Acacia. Phytochemistry 49 (5), pp 1377-1380</ref> <ref> Clement, Beverly A., Goff, Erik Allen Burt, Christina M. na Forbes, T. David A. (1997). Sumu amini na alkaloids kutoka berlandieri Acacia. Phytochemistry 46 (2), pp 249-254</ref> watafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas A &amp; M walidai kuwa wamepata amfetamini na methamfetamini katika majani ya aina mbili za mgunga zilizopatikana [[Texas]], ''A. berlandieri'' na ''A. rigidula.'' Hapo awali, michanganyiko hii miwili ilidhaniwa kuwa imebuniwa na binadamu. Matokeo haya hayajawahi kurudufishwa, na wanakemia wengi wanaamini kuwa uchambuzi huo ni matokeo ya makosa katika majaribisho, na kwa hivyo uthabiti wa ripoti hiyo umetiliwa shaka. Alexander Shulgin, mmoja wa wachunguzi wa biokemia mwenye uzoefu mwingi na aliyegundua dawa nyingi mpya za kutibu magonjwa ya kiakili, amejaribu kuwasiliana na watafiti hao wa Chuo Kikuu cha Texas A&amp;M ili kuhakikisha matokeo yao. Waandishi wa makala hayo hawajajibu; amfetamini asilia bado inaelekea kusalia kama uvumbuzi ambao haujathibitishwa. <ref> [http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm Uliza Dr Shulgin Online: Acacias na Amphetamine Mtindo]</ref> ==Madhara ya matumizi== Amfetamini huongeza utendakazi wa moyo na hupandisha shinikizo la damu na kufanya matumizi yake kuwa hatari kwa wagonjwa walio na historia ya ugonjwa wa moyo au shinikizo la damu. Amfetamini inaweza kusababisha matatizo ya kutishia maisha kwa wagonjwa wanaokunywa dawa za tibamfadhaiko za MAOI. Matumizi ya amfetamini na dawa zinazofanana yamekatazwa katika wagonjwa walio na glakoma ya pembe nyembamba au pembe nyembamba kianatomia. Kama amaini zingine zenye athari karibu sawa na ile ya mfumo wa neva simpathetiki, amfetamini inaweza sababisha madriasisi ya muda. Katika wagonjwa walio na pembe nyembamba, mpanuko unaoathiri mboni unaweza kusababisha glakoma kali ya kufunga pembe. Dawa hizi zinafaa pia ziepukwe na wagonjwa walio na aina zingine za glakoma, kwani maidriasisi inaweza mara kwa mara kuongeza shinikizo la ndani ya macho. <ref> ''[http://www.drugs.com/disease-interactions/amphetamine.html Amphetamine Ugonjwa wa mwingiliano - Drugs.com]'' </ref> Imedhihirishwa kwamba amfetamini hupita na kuingia kwenye [[maziwa]] ya [[mama]]. Kwa sababu hiyo, akina mama wanaotumia amfetamini wanashauriwa kuepuka kunyonyesha wakati wanaendelea kupokea matibabu. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/021303s005lbl.pdf |title=ADDERALL XR capsule |accessdate=2009-07-24 |first=[[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|Food and Drug Administration]] |year=2005 |format=PDF }}</ref> ==Taratibu kuu za kinyurobiolojia== ===Maeneo ya msingi ya utendakazi=== Amfetamini huweka athari zake za kitabia kwa kubadilisha nyurotransmita kadhaa muhimu katika ubongo, ikiwa ni pamoja na dopamini serotonini, na norepinefrini. Hata hivyo, kazi ya amfetamini katika ubongo inaonekana kuwa mahususi; <ref name="JonesKornblum">{{cite journal |author=Jones S, Kornblum JL, Kauer JA |title=Amphetamine blocks long-term synaptic depression in the ventral tegmental area |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=20 |issue=15 |pages=5575–80 |year=2000 |month=Agosti |pmid=10908593 |doi= |url=http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10908593}}</ref> vipokezi fulani vinavyoathiriwa na amfetamini katika baadhi ya sehemu za ubongo huelekea kutoathiriwa katika sehemu zingine. Kwa mfano, vipokezi vya dopamini D2 katika hipokampasi, sehemu ya ubongo inayohusika na kutengeneza kumbukumbu mpya, huonekana kutoathiriwa na kuwepo kwa amfetamini. <ref name="JonesKornblum"></ref> Mifumo mikuu ya kinyuro inayoathiriwa na amfetamini inahusishwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na utendaji wa saketi tuzi ya ubongo. Aidha, nyurotransmita zinazohusika kwa njia mbalimbali za tuzo za ubongo huonekana kuwa shabaha ya kimsingi ya amfetamini. <ref name="pmid17437">{{cite journal |author=Moore KE |title=The actions of amphetamine on neurotransmitters: a brief review |journal=Biol. Psychiatry |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=451–62 |year=1977 |month=Juni |pmid=17437 |doi= |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-psychiatry_1977-06_12_3/page/451}}</ref> Mojawapo ya nyurotransmita ni dopamini, kemikali inayotuma jumbe zinayofanya kazi katika njia tuzo za mesolimbiki na mesokotika. Si jambo la kushangaza kuwa vipengele vya kianatomia vya njia hizi - ikiwa ni pamoja na striatamu, akumbeni kiini, na striatamu ya tumbo - vimeonekana kuwa maeneo msingi ya utendakazi wa amfetamini. <ref name="DelArco">{{cite journal |author=Del Arco A, González-Mora JL, Armas VR, Mora F |title=Amphetamine increases the extracellular concentration of glutamate in striatum of the awake rat: involvement of high affinity transporter mechanisms |journal=Neuropharmacology |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=943–54 |year=1999 |month=Julai |pmid=10428413 |doi=10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00043-X |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neuropharmacology_1999-07_38_7/page/943}}</ref> <ref name="Drevets">{{cite journal |author=Drevets WC, Gautier C, Price JC |title=Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in human ventral striatum correlates with euphoria |journal=Biol. Psychiatry |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=81–96 |year=2001 |month=Januari |pmid=11164755 |doi=10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01038-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-psychiatry_2001-01-15_49_2/page/n5}}</ref> Ukweli kwamba amfetamini huathiri shughuli za nyurotransmita hasa katika sehemu zinazohusishwa na utuzaji hutoa ufahamu katika athari za kitabia za dawa hii, kama vile mwanzo wa kawaida wa furaha kubwa. <ref name="Drevets"></ref> Uelewa bora wa mbinu maalum ambazo amfetamini hutumia kufanya kazi unaweza kuongeza uwezo wetu wa kutibu uraibu wa amfetamini kwani mfumo wa utuzaji wa ubongo umehusishwa pakubwa na aina nyingi za uraibu. <ref>[32] ^ Wise, RA. "Brain reward circuitry and addiction.” Mpango na ikisiri za jamii ya Marekani ya Madawa ya Kulevya2003 Hali ya Sanaa katika kulevya Madawa, 30 Oktoba - 1 Novemba 2003; Washington, DC. Kikao</ref> ===Amfetamini za ukoo mmoja=== Imegunduliwa kwamba amfetamini ina vifanani kadhaa vya ukoo, yaani, molekuli za muundo sawa zinazopatikana kwa kawaida katika ubongo. <ref name="Sulzer">{{cite journal |author=Sulzer D, Chen TK, Lau YY, Kristensen H, Rayport S, Ewing A |title=Amphetamine redistributes dopamine from synaptic vesicles to the cytosol and promotes reverse transport |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=15 |issue=5 Pt 2 |pages=4102–8 |year=1995 |month=Mei |pmid=7751968 |doi= |url=http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7751968}}</ref> l-Fenilalanini, na β-fenethilamini ni mifano miwili, ambayo inatengenezwa katika mfumo wa neva wa pembeni na pia katika ubongo. Molekuli hizi hufikiriwa kuwa zinarekebisha viwango vya furaha na hadhari, miongoni mwa hali hisishi zinazohusiana. ===Dopamini=== Labda nyurotransmita ambayo imetafitiwa zaidi kuhusiana na amfetamini ni dopamini, "nyurotransmita ya utuzaji" ambayo hufanya kazi sana katika njia nyingi za utuzaji kwenye ubongo. Tafiti mbalimbali zimeonyesha kuwa katika sehemu maalum, amfetamini huongeza viwango vya dopamini katika ufa wa sinaptiki, na hivyo basi kuongeza mwitikio wa niuroni iliyo nyuma ya sinepsi. <ref name="Kuczenski">{{cite journal |author=Kuczenski R, Segal DS |title=Effects of methylphenidate on extracellular dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine: comparison with amphetamine |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=2032–7 |year=1997 |month=Mei |pmid=9109529 |doi=10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68052032.x |url= }}</ref> Kitendo hiki maalum hudokeza mwitikio wa kihedoniki kwa dawa hii na vilevile kwa sifa yake ya kiraibu. Taratibu mahsusi ambazo amfetamini hutumia kuathiri viwango vya dopamini zimetafitiwa kwa upana. Hivi sasa, nadharia-tete mbili kuu ambazo hazipingani zimependekezwa. Nadharia moja inatilia mkazo utenda kazi wa amfetamini katika kiwango cha kilengelenge, hivyo basi kuongeza ukolezi wa dopamini katika majiplazimu ya niuroni iliyo mbele ya sinepsi. <ref name="Sulzer"></ref> <ref name="pmid17105921">{{cite journal |author=Rothman RB, Baumann MH |title=Balance between dopamine and serotonin release modulates behavioral effects of amphetamine-type drugs |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1074 |issue= |pages=245–60 |year=2006 |month=Agosti |pmid=17105921 |doi=10.1196/annals.1369.064 |url=}}</ref> Nadharia hiyo nyingine inalenga dhima ya kisafirisha dopamini cha DAT, na inapendekeza kwamba amfetamini inaweza kuingiliana na DAT kusababisha usafiri kinyume wa dopamini kutoka niuroni iliyo mbele ya sinepsi hadi kwenye ufa wa sinepsi. <ref name="pmid17437"></ref> <ref name="Regulation">{{cite journal |author=Johnson LA, Guptaroy B, Lund D, Shamban S, Gnegy ME |title=Regulation of amphetamine-stimulated dopamine efflux by protein kinase C beta |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue=12 |pages=10914–9 |year=2005 |month=Machi |pmid=15647254 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M413887200 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_2005-03-25_280_12/page/10914}}</ref> <ref name="Kahlig">{{cite journal |author=Kahlig KM, Binda F, Khoshbouei H |title=Amphetamine induces dopamine efflux through a dopamine transporter channel |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=102 |issue=9 |pages=3495–500 |year=2005 |month=Machi |pmid=15728379 |pmc=549289 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0407737102 |url=}}</ref> <ref name="Overload">[45] ^ Maktaba Umma ya Sayansi. “A mechanism for amphetamine-induced dopamine overload.” PLoS Biol. 3 (2004).</ref> Nadharia tete ya kwanza imeungwa mkono na data kuonyesha kwamba sindano za amfetamini husababisha kuongezeka kwa haraka kwa ukolezi wa dopamini iliyo kwenye majiplazimu. <ref name="Overload"></ref>N Amfetamini inaaminiwa kuingiliana na vilengelenge vya sinepsi wenye dopamini katika mkongo wa nchani. Amfetamini ni sabstreti kwa kisafirishaji maalum cha kuingiza kilengelenge cha sinepsi cha kiniuroni kiitwacho VMAT2. Wakati amfetamini imefyonzwa na VMAT2, kilengelenge hiki hutoa molekuli za dopamini katika majiplazimu. Kisha Dopamini inayosambazwa tena huaminika kuwa huingiliana na DAT kuendeleza usafirishaji wa kinyume. <ref name="Sulzer"></ref> Huenda ikawa kalisi ni molekuli muhimu inayohusika na maingiliano kati ya amfetamini na VMATs. <ref name="pmid17105921"></ref> Nadharia tete ya pili inasema kuwa kuna mahusiano ya moja kwa moja kati ya amfetamini na DAT. Shughuli za DAT zinaaminika kutegemea kinasisi maalum inayoongeza fosforai, kama vile protini kinasi C; hasa PKC-β. <ref name="Overload"></ref> Baada ya kuongeza fosforai, DAT hupitia mabadiliko thibitishi yanayosababisha usafirishaji wa dopamini iliyofungamanishwa na DAT kutoka mazingira ya nje ya seli hadi kwenye yale ya ndani ya seli. <ref name="Kahlig"></ref> Hata hivyo, amfetamini ikiwepo, DAT imeonekana kufanya kazi kinyume, kwa kutema dopamini kutoka kwa nyuroni iliyo mbele ya sinepsi hadi kwenye ufa wa sinepsi. <ref name="Regulation"></ref> Kwa hiyo, zaidi ya kuzuia kufyonzwa tena kwa dopamini, amfetamini pia huchochea kutolewa kwa molekuli za dopamini kwenye sinepsi. <ref name="pmid17437"></ref> Kwa kuunga mkono nadharia-tete iliyoko hapo juu, imepatikana kwamba vizuizi vya PKC-β huondoa madhara ya amfetamini kwenye viwango vya dopamine iliyo nje ya seli katika striatamu ya panya. <ref name="Overload"></ref> Data hii inapendekeza kuwa kinasi ya PKC-β inaweza kuwakilisha ncha muhimu ya mawasiliano kati ya amfetamini na kisafirishaji cha DAT. ===Serotonini=== Imepatikana kwamba amfetamini inasababisha athari sawa kwenye serotonini kama zile zinazosababishwa kwenye dopamini. <ref name="JonesKauer">{{cite journal |author=Jones S, Kauer JA |title=Amphetamine depresses excitatory synaptic transmission via serotonin receptors in the ventral tegmental area |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=19 |issue=22 |pages=9780–7 |year=1999 |month=Novemba |pmid=10559387 |doi= |url=http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10559387}}</ref> Kama ilivyo na DAT, kisafirishaji serotonini cha SERT kinaweza kufanywa kifanye kazi kinyume kikisisimuliwa na amfetamini. <ref name="Hilber">{{cite journal |author=Hilber B, Scholze P, Dorostkar MM |title=Serotonin-transporter mediated efflux: a pharmacological analysis of amphetamines and non-amphetamines |journal=Neuropharmacology |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=811–9 |year=2005 |month=Novemba |pmid=16185723 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.08.008 |url=}}</ref> Utaratibu huu hufikiriwa kuwa unategemea vitendo vya ioni za kalisi, na pia kukaribiana kwa visafirishaji fulani vya protini. <ref name="Hilber"></ref> Maingiliano kati ya amfetamini na serotonini ni dhahiri tu katika maeneo maalum ya ubongo, kama vile kiungo cha mesokotikolimbi. Uchunguzi wa hivi karibuni unadai kwamba amfetamini inaweza, kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja, kubadilisha tabia ya njia za glutamati zitokazo kwenye sehemu za tumbo hadi kwenye gamba la mbele. <ref name="JonesKauer"></ref> Njia za Glutamati zinahusishwa sana na usisimkaji katika kiwango cha sinepsi. Kwa hivyo kuongezeka kwa ukolezi wa serotonini nje ya seli kunaweza kugeuza shughuli za usisimkaji za nyuroni za glutamati. <ref name="JonesKauer"></ref> Uwezo uliopendekezwa wa amfetamini wa kuongeza usisimkaji wa njia za glutamati unaweza kuwa muhimu wakati wa kuzingatia uraibu unaohusisha serotonini. <ref name="JonesKauer"></ref> Matokeo ya ziada ya kitabia yanaweza kuwa mchangamsho wa kawaida wa kwenda kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine ambao hutokea baada ya kuingiliana na amfetamini. <ref name="Kuczenski"></ref> ===Nyurotransmita zingine muhimu=== Nyurotransmita zingine kadhaa zimehusishwa na shughuli za amfetamini. Kwa mfano, viwango vya glutameti nje ya seli, ambavyo ni nyurotransmita msingi za uchangamshaji katika ubongo, vimeonyeshwa kuongeza baada ya kuingiliana na amfetamini. Sambamba na matokeo mengine, athari hii ilionekana katika maeneo ya ubongo yanayohusishwa na utuzaji, yaani, akumbeni za kiini, striatemu, na gamba la mbele. Zaidi ya hayo, tafiti mbalimbali zimeonyesha kuongezeka kwa viwango vya norepinefrini, aina ya nyurotransmita inayohusishwa na adrenalini, katika kukabiliana na amfetamini. Jambo hili linaaminika kutokea kupitia kuziba ufyonyaji upya pamoja na kupitia maingiliano na kienezaji cha kusafirisha norepinefrini katika nyuroni. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Florin SM, Kuczenski R, Segal DS |title=Regional extracellular norepinephrine responses to amphetamine and cocaine and effects of clonidine pretreatment |journal=Brain Res. |volume=654 |issue=1 |pages=53–62 |year=1994 |month=Agosti |pmid=7982098 |doi=10.1016/0006-8993(94)91570-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_brain-research_1994-08-15_654_1/page/n60}}</ref> ==Viungo, matumizi na athari za dawa hii== ===Sifa za kemikali=== [[File:Amphetamine-2D-skeletal.svg‎|Muundo wa molekuli ya amfetamini wa thampu | 200px200px |. ]] [[File:Amphetamine-2D-skeletal.svg‎|Methamfetamini ina muundo sawa na huo, lakini imeongezwa kikundi cha methili kilichoambatishwa kwa nitrojeni.]] [[File:Methamphetamines.PNG|thumb|Chati inayolinganisha mifumo ya kemikali tofauti zinazozalishwa kutoka amfetamini.]] Amfetamini ni mchanganyiko wa kichirali. Mchanganyiko huu wa kirasmiki unaweza kugawanywa katika aisoma zake za macho: levo-na dextro-amfetamini. Amfetamini ndio mchanganyiko asili katika kategoria ya michanganyiko iliyo na muundo sawa, na inajumwisha aina mbalimbali za vinyumbuliwa vinavyoathiri akili, kama vile empathojeni, MDA (3,4-Methilenedioksiyamfetamini) na MDMA (3,4-Methilenedioksi-N-methamfetamini) inayojulikana kama upeo wa furaha, na aina ya ''N-methilati'' , methamfetamini inayojulikana kama 'meth', na kwa vigandamuaji kama vile efedrine (Efe). Amfetamini ina umbo sawa na fenethilamine. Mwanzoni, dawa hii ilikuja ikiwa kama salfeti amfetamini ya chumvi ya kirasmiki (amfetamini ya kirasmiki ina aisoma mbili kwa viwango sawa). Matatizo ya kutomakinika mara nyingi hutibiwa kwa kutumia Aderali au aina zozote sawa za dawa mwigo. Aderali ni mchanganyiko wa amfetamini na chumvi za dekstroamfetamini ambao una<br> * 1 / 4 dekstro-amfetamini sakarati * 1 / 4 dekstro-amfetamini salfeti * 04/01 (amfetamini ya kirasmiki) aspateti monohaidrati * 04/01 (amfetamini ya kirasmiki) salfeti ===Utendakazi na athari za dawa mwilini=== Amfetamini imeonekana kuwa inaweza kuenea kupitia kwa utando wa seli na pia kusafiri kupitia kisafirishaji cha dopamini (DAT) ili kuongeza viwango vya dopamini katika nyuroni ya muda. Amfetamini, ikiwa kama d-amfetamini dekstroamfetamini na l-amfetamini (au mchanganyiko kirasmiki wa isoma mbili), inaaminika kutumia athari zake kwa kujifunga kwa visafirishaji vya monoamaini na kuongeza viwango vya dopamini ya amaini za biojeni, norepinefrini (noradrenalini ) na serotonini nje ya seli. Kuna nadharia tete zinazosema kwamba d-amfetamini huathiri kimsingi mifumo ya dopamini, wakati l-amfetamini ikilinganishwa huathiri norepinefrini. Hata hivyo, athari msingi za amfetamini za kuimarisha na kuchochea tabia, zinahusishwa na shughuli za dopamini, hasa katika mfumo wa dopamini wa mesolimbi. Amfetamini pamoja na vichangamsha vingine vya aina ya amfetamini kwa msingi huachilia dopamini katika ufa wa sinepsi. Amfetamini, tofauti na kokeni ambayo ni aina ya kichangamshi kama dopamini, haifanyi kazi kama ligandi lakini hufyonya upya pole pole kupitia utaratibu wa pili kwa kuongeza fosforasi kwenye visafirishaji vya dopamini. <ref> WikiAnswers google cached page: 'Does Namenda memantine work in preventing tolerance to adderall ADD amphetamine type drugs?'</ref> Kitendo msingi ni kupitia kuongezeka kwa viwango vya amfetamini ambako hutoa kutolewa kwa dipamini iliyowekwa mwilini kutoka kwenye visafirishaji vya lengelenge vya monoamini (VMATs), na hivyo kuongeza viwango vya transmita ndani ya nyuroni. Ongezeko hili la ukolezi hugeuza usafirishaji wa dopamini kupitia kisafirishaji dopamini (DAT) kwenye sinepsi. <ref name="review">{{cite journal |author=Sulzer D, Sonders MS, Poulsen NW, Galli A |title=Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review |journal=Prog. Neurobiol. |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=406–33 |year=2005 |month=Aprili |pmid=15955613 |doi=10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003 |url=}}</ref> Aidha, amfetamini hujifunga, kwa kugeuza, kwa DATs na kuziba uwezo wa kisafirishaji hiki kuondoa DA kutoka kwenye nafasi iliyo kwenye sinepsi. Amfetamine pia hufanya hivi na norepinefrini (noradrenalini) na kwa kisai kidogo serotonini. Aidha, amfetamini hujiambatisha kwa kikundi cha vipokezi viitwavyo Vipokezi Vinavyohusishwa na Kufuatilia Amaini(TAAR). <ref>{{cite journal |author=Reese EA, Bunzow JR, Arttamangkul S, Sonders MS, Grandy DK |title=Trace amine-associated receptor 1 displays species-dependent stereoselectivity for isomers of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and para-hydroxyamphetamine |journal=J Pharmacol Exp Ther. |volume=321 |issue=1 |pages=178–86 |year=2007 |month=Aprili |pmid=17218486 |doi=10.1124/jpet.106.115402 |url=http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/321/1/178 |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-date=2009-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419154011/http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/321/1/178 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> TAAR ni mfumo mpya wa vipokezi uliogunduliwa ambao unaonekana kuathiriwa na aina mbalimbali ya dutu zinazofanana na amfetamini ziitwazo amaini fuatiliaji. ==Athari== ===Athari za kimwili=== Athari za kimwili za amfetamini ni kama kupunguza hamu ya chakula, kuongezeka / kubadili hisia; ukosefu wa utulivu; mpanuko wa mboni; kuwa na wekundu; kutotulia; kinywa kikavu, shida ya kusimika; kuumwa na kichwa, takikadia; kuongeza kwa kasi ya kupumua; shinikizo la damu, [[Homa|homa]], kutokwa na jasho, kuhara, uyabisi wa tumbo; kutoweza kuona vizuri, uzungumzaji usioeleweka, kizunguzungu, msongo wa mwili usiozuilika au kutetereka, kukosa usingizi, kuganda, mpapatiko wa moyo, na arithimia. Wakati imetumika kwa viwango vya juu au kutumiwa muda mrefu, athari za ngozi kavu, au iliyo na mwasho, chunusi, usawijikaji yanaweza kutokea. <ref name="Erowid Amphetamines Vault: Effects"> Erowid Amphetamines Vault: Effects</ref> <ref name="strdbo">{{Cite web |url=http://www.xs4all.nl/~4david/amphetam.html |title=Amphetamine; Facts |accessdate=2010-10-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991112225253/http://www.xs4all.nl/~4david/amphetam.html |archivedate=1999-11-12 }}</ref> <ref> Amphetamines - Better Health Channel</ref> <ref> adderall xr, adderall medication, adderall side effects, adderall abuse</ref> Wakati mwingine matumizi ya amfetamini katika wanaume yanaweza kusababisha athari isiyo ya kawaida na wakati mwingine ya kushangaza ambapo uume wakati ni tepetevu unaonekana kuwa umekunjika kutokana na kubanwa kwa mishipa. Wakati unaposimika, uume huo hurudi ukubwa wa kawaida. <ref>Whenever I take speed my penis appears to shrink.[http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/askthesiteqandas/drinkanddrugsqandas/dicksonspeed Is there a link? ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/askthesiteqandas/drinkanddrugsqandas/dicksonspeed |date=20081219232021 }}[http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/askthesiteqandas/drinkanddrugsqandas/dicksonspeed What's going on?] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/askthesiteqandas/drinkanddrugsqandas/dicksonspeed |date=20081219232021 }}</ref> Hata hivyo, jambo hili linaweza kuwa ni hadithi tu ya mijini. "Hakuna ripoti za kisayansi zilizochapishwa kutoa ushahidi wa kisayansi kuwa ukunjikaji wa uume hutokea kama athari za matumizi ya amfetamini". <ref> Bloor, RN ""Whizz-Dick: Side Effect, Urban Myth or Amfetamine-related Koro-like Syndrome?" International Journal of Clinical Practice 58.7 (2004): 717-19. Web. Web.</ref> Vijana wa umri wa makamo wanaotumia amfetamini wanaweza kuwa katika hatari kubwa ya kupatwa na mshtuko wa moyo. Katika utafiti uliochapishwa katika jarida la Utegemeaji Madawa na Pombe, <ref>{{cite journal |author=Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Haley RW |title=Acute myocardial infarction in young adults who abuse amphetamines |journal=Drug Alcohol Dependence |volume=96 |issue=1-2 |pages=49–56 |year=2008 |month=Julai |pmid=18353567 |doi=10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.027 |url= |pmc=2533107}}</ref> watafiti walichunguza data kutoka watu zaidi ya 3,000,000 wa umri kati ya miaka 18 na 44 waliokuwa katika hospitali kati ya mwaka wa 2000 na 2003 katika Texas. Baada ya kudhibiti matumizi mabaya ya [[kokeni]], pombe, tumbaku, shinikizo la damu, kisukari tamu, matatizo ya lipidi, unene wa kupindukia, kasoro za kuzaliwa, na kasoro za kuganda, walipata uhusiano kati ya utambuzi wa matumizi ya amfetamini na mshtuko wa moyo. <ref> Newswise: Study Finds Link Between Amphetamine Abuse and Heart Attacks in Young Adults Retrieved on 3 Juni 2008.</ref> ===Athari za kisaikolojia=== Athari za kisaikolojia ni kama kuwa na furaha, wasiwasi, ongezeko la ashiki, kuwa macho, umakinifu, [[nguvu]], kujiheshimu, kujiamini, uingilianaji na watu, kuwashwa, uchokozi, matatizo ya saikosomatiki, fadhaa ya saikolojia-viungo kujivuna, hisia nyingi kupindukia za kuwa na nguvu na tabia zisizoshindikana zinazorudiwarudiwa na za kulizoshikilia, wazimu, na, wakati amfetamini imetumika kwa muda mrefu na / au viwango vya juu, mtu anaweza kuwa [[kichaa]]. <ref name="Erowid Amphetamines Vault: Effects"></ref> Kulingana na utafiti wa panya, matumizi ya amfetamini wakati wa ujana yanaweza kulemaza kumbukumbu <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.illinois.edu/news/09/1021amphetamine.html|title=Amphetamine use in adolescence may impair adult working memory|accessdate=2009-10-22|archive-date=2009-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110082533/http://news.illinois.edu/news/09/1021amphetamine.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ya kufanya kazi katika utu uzima. ===Athari za kuacha kuitumia=== Kuacha kutumia amfetamini baada ya matumizi ya muda mrefu kunaweza kusababisha athari kama vile wasiwasi, huzuni, fadhaa, uchovu, kulala sana, kuongezeka kwa hamu ya chakula, hasirakali, kichaa na [[Jiua|mawazo ya kujiua.]] <ref> Symptoms of Amphetamine withdrawal - WrongDiagnosis.com</ref> ==Matumizi ya kupita kiasi== Matumizi kupita kiasi ya amfetamini si mabaya sana lakini yanaweza kusababisha dalili kadhaa tofauti; ikiwa ni pamoja na kichaa, maumivu ya kifua, na shinikizo la damu. ===Kichaa=== Matumizi mabaya ya amfetamini yanaweza kusababisha kichaa kinachosababishwa na kichangamsha ambacho kinaweza kudhihirika kupitia matatizo kadhaa ya kichaa (yaani, wazimu, ndoto, majinuni). Ukali na muda wa dalili hizi zinaweza kutofautiana, lakini tofauti na matatizo ya kweli ya kichaa (yaani dhiki), kichaa kinachosababishwa na vichangamsha hakichukuliwi kuwa cha kudumu na hatimaye kitatatuka baada ya kuwacha matumizi ya dawa. ==Utegemeaji madawa na uraibu== [[Uraibu]] hufanyika kwa haraka katika matumizi mabaya ya amfetamini, kwa hivyo, wakati wa matumizi ya muda mtu huhitajika kuongeza kiasi cha dawa hii ya kulevya ili kufikia athari sawa. <ref>{{cite web | title=Amphetamines: Drug Use and Abuse: Merck Manual Home Edition | publisher = Merck | url=http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec07/ch108/ch108g.html | accessdate=28 Februari 2007 }}</ref> ==Matumizi ya kuimarisha utendaji== Amfetamine hutumiwa na baadhi ya wanafunzi wa shule za upili na vyuo kuwasaidia kusoma na kufanya mitihani. <ref>{{Cite web | publisher = JS Online | last = Twohey | first = Megan | title = Pills become an addictive study aid | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date = 2006-03-25 | url = http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=410902 | archivedate = 2007-08-15 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070815200239/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=410902 | = https://web.archive.org/web/20070815200239/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=410902 }}</ref> Amfetamine hufanya kazi kwa kuongeza viwango vya nguvu, umakinifu, na motisha, hivyo kuruhusu wanafunzi kusoma kwa muda mrefu. Amfetamine imekuwa ikitumiwa, na bado inaendelea kutumiwa na wanajeshi kote duniani. Wanajeshi ya Uingereza walitumia vidonge vya amfetamine milioni 72 katika vita vya pili vya dunia <ref> De Mondenard, Dr Jean-Pierre: Dopage, l'imposture des performances, Chiron, France, 2000</ref> na wanajeshi wa Jeshi la Wanahewa la Uingereza walitumia vidonge vingi kiasi kwamba, kwa mujibu wa taarifa moja, "Methedrini ilishinda vita vya Uingereza". <ref> Grant, DNW, Air Force, UK, 1944</ref> Marubani wa Marekani wanaofanya mashambulizi hutumia amfetamine ("dawa za kwenda") ili wasilale wakati wa mishioni ndefu. Katika tukio la Shamba la Tarnak , ambapo wa rubani wa Amerika wa F-16 aliwaua wanajeshi wengi kutoka Kanada, ambao hawakuwa maadui, rubani huyo alilaumu matumizi yake ya amfetamine. <ref>{{cite news |title=Air force rushes to defend amphetamine use |url= http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/17/1042520778665.html |work=The Age |date= 18 Januari 2003|accessdate=26 Januari 2009}}</ref> Kikao cha waamuzi wasio wa kisheria kilikataa dai la rubani huyo. Amfetamine pia hutumiwa na baadhi ya [[wanariadha]] wa kulipwa, <ref>{{Cite journal | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 434–451 | last = Yesalis | first = Charles E. | title = Anabolic Steroid and Stimulant Use in North American Sport between 1850 and 1980 | journal = Sport in History | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date= 2005-12 | url = http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a727721070~db=all | doi = 10.1080/17460260500396251 | last2 = Bahrke | first2 = Michael}}</ref> wa kutoka vyuo <ref name="NCAA">{{Cite | publisher = National Collegiate Athletic Association | last = National Collegiate Athletic Association | title = NCAA Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date = 2006-01 | url = http://www1.ncaa.org/membership/ed_outreach/health-safety/drug_ed_progs/2005/DrugStudy2005_ExecutiveSummary.pdf | format = PDF | pages = 2–4, 11–13 | archivedate = 2008-05-13 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080513125257/http://www1.ncaa.org/membership/ed_outreach/health-safety/drug_ed_progs/2005/DrugStudy2005_ExecutiveSummary.pdf }}</ref> na wa shule za upili <ref name="NCAA"></ref> kwa sababu ya uwezo wake mkuu wa kuchangamsha. Viwango vya nguvu huonekana kuongezeka kwa kasi iliongezeka na kuhimili, jambo ambalo huaminika kuruhusu uchezaji wa nguvu na wa muda mrefu zaidi. Hata hivyo, angalau utafiti mmoja umepata kwamba athari hii haiwezi kupimika. <ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF00697020 | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 281–287 | last = Margaria | first = R | title = The effect of some drugs on the maximal capacity of athletic performance in man | journal = European Journal of Applied Physiology | date= 1964-07-01 | last2 = Aghemo | first2 = P. | last3 = Rovelli | first3 = E. }}</ref> Matumizi ya amfetamine wakati wa shughuli za kimwili zinazohitaji nguvu nyingi yanaweza kuwa hatari sana, hasa wakati imetumiwa pamoja na pombe, na wanariadha wamekufa kutokana na matumizi ya aina hiyo, kwa mfano, mwendeshaji baiskeli kutoka Ulaya Tom Simpson. Matumizi ya amfetamini yametumiwa sana kihistoria miongoni mwa wachezaji wa Ligi Kuu za Besiboli na kwa kawaida hujulikana kwa neno la mtaani la "greenies". <ref>{{Cite web | last = Frias | first = Carlos | title = Baseball and amphetamines | work = Palm Beach Post | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date = 2006-04-02 | url = http://www.palmbeachpost.com/sports/content/sports/epaper/2006/04/02/PBP_AMPHET_0402.html | archivedate = 2007-12-17 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217010138/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/sports/content/sports/epaper/2006/04/02/PBP_AMPHET_0402.html }}</ref> Mwaka 2006, Ligi Kuu ya Besiboli Marekani ilipiga marufuku matumizi ya amfetamine. Kupiga marufuku huku kulitekelezwa kwa njia ya kufanya majiribio ya mara kwa mara ya matumizi ya madawa ya kulevya. Hata hivyo, MLB imepokea upinzani kwa sababu adhabu inayotokana na matumizi ya amfetamine si kali sana ikilinganishwa na ile ya matumizi ya vitunza protini, kwani kosa la kwanza huonya na kufanyiwa upimaji wa ziada tu. <ref>{{Cite web | last = Kreidler | first = Mark | title = Baseball finally brings amphetamines into light of day | work = ESPN.com | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date= 2005-11-15 | url = http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/columns/story?columnist=kreidler_mark&id=2225013 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web | last = Klobuchar | first = Jim | title = Can baseball make a clean sweep? | work = Christian Science Monitor | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date= 2006-03-31 | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0331/p12s02-alsp.html }}</ref> <ref> {{Cite web | last = Associated Press | title = MLB owners won't crack down on 'greenies' | work = MSNBC.com | accessdate = 2007-12-02 | date= 2007-01-18 | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16691245/ }}</ref> Amfetamine ilitumiwa sana hapo awali na madereva wa lori upambana na dalili za kusinzia na kuongeza umakinifu wao wakati wa kuendesha gari, hasa katika miongo kadhaa kabla ya kusainiwa kwa Amri ya Utawala ya 12564 na rais wa zamani [[Ronald Reagan]], ambayo ilianzishwa upimaji wa lazima usio na utaratibu maalum wa matumizi ya madawa ya kulevya uliohusisha madereva wote wa lori na na wafanyakazi wa viwanda vinavyorekebishwa na Idara ya Usafiri. Ingawa utekelezaji wa amri hiyo katika sekta ya usafirishaji kwa lori ulifanywa kwa utaratibu wa pole pole kwa kuzingatia athari zilizotarajiwa kwa uchumi wa taifa, katika miongo iliyofuatia kutolewa kwa amri hiyo, matumizi mabaya ya amfetamine na aina zingine za madawa ya kulevya na madereva wa lori yameshuka sana. ===Utambuzi katika giligili za mwili=== Amfetamini sana sana hupimwa katika mkojo kama sehemu ya mpango wa upimaji wa matumizi ya madawa ya kulevya, katika plazma au maji ya damu ili kuthibitisha utambuzi wa sumu kwa waathirika hospitalini, au katika damu kusaidia katika uchunguzi wa mauaji yanayohusiana na ulanguzi au makosa mengine ya jinai au kesi ya kifo cha ghafla. Mbinu kama vile utambulisho wa kinga zinaweza kuathiriana na dawa kadhaa zilizo na athari karibu sawa na zile za mfumo wa neva simpathetiki, hivyo njia za kromatografi maalum kwa amfetamine zinafaa kutumiwa ili kuzuia matokeo chanya ya uongo. Mbinu za chirali zinaweza kutumiwa kusaidia kutofautisha asili ya madawa haya, kama yalipatikana kihalali (kupitia agizo la daktari) au kiharamu, au pengine kutoka kwa tiba-bashiri kama vile lisdeksamfetamini au selegilini. Utenganishaji wa chirali unahitajika ili kutathmini mchango wa l-methamfetamini (Kivutaji cha Viksi) katika matokeo yanayoonyesha kutumika kwa dawa hii. <ref> Verstraete AG, Heyden FV. Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of six immunoassays for the detection of amphetamines in urine. J. Anal. Toxicol. 29: 359-364, 2005.</ref> <ref> Paul BD, Jemionek J, Lesser D, Jacobs A, Searles DA. Enantiomeric separation and quantitation of (+/-)-amphetamine, (+/-)-methamphetamine, (+/-)-MDA, (+/-)-MDMA, and (+/-)-MDEA in urine specimens by GC-EI-MS after derivatization with (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethy)phenylacetyl chloride (MTPA). J. Anal. Toxicol. 28: 449-455, 2004.</ref> <ref> R. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 83-86.</ref> ==Athari za kitamaduni za amfetamini == Tangu miaka ya 1960 kuendelea, amfetamini imekuwa maarufu miongoni mwa vikundi vya vijana huko Uingereza (na sehemu nyingine duniani) kama dawa ya burudani. Imekuwa ikitumiwa sana na 'mods', 'skinheads', 'punks', 'goths', 'gangstas', na marafiki katika ngoma za 'soul' na 'ska' za usiku, tamasha za 'Punk', maonyesho ya mitaani na mapigano ya marafiki. Utamaduni pinzani wa 'hippie' ulipinga sana amfetamine kutokana na tabia zilizosababisha, katika mahojiano na Los Angeles Free Press katika mwaka wa 1965, mwandishi wa 'beat' Allen Ginsberg alisema kuwa "'Speed'inamfanya mtu asipatane na wengine, inamfanya kuwa wazimu, inavuta mtu nyuma... wale wote watumiao madawa ya kulevya wanaharibiwa na wale wanotumia dubwana hili la dawa ya Frankenstein speed, ambao wanaiba na kuzungumza vibaya kuhusu kila mtu ovyo ovyo." <ref>{{cite web | last = Brecher | first = Edward M. | coauthors = the editors of Consumer Reports Magazine | title = How speed was popularized | work = The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs | publisher = Schaffer Drug Library | pages = | language = | year = 1972 | url = http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/cu/cu38.html | accessdate = 1 Juni 2010 | archive-date = 2010-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100922194706/http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU38.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===Katika maandishi=== Waandishi wa Beat Generation walitumia amfetamine sana, hasa chini ya jina la kibiashara la Benzedrine. Jack Kerouac alikuwa mtumiaji mkuu hasa wa amfetamine, ambayo ilisemekana kumpatia nguvu alizohitaji kwa kazi ya kuandika riwaya yake kwa muda mrefu. <ref>{{Cite web | last = Gyenis | first = Attila | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Forty Years of ''On the Road'' 1957–1997 | date = | year = 1997 | url = http://www.wordsareimportant.com/ontheroad.htm | accessdate = 18 Machi 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080214171739/http://www.wordsareimportant.com/ontheroad.htm | archivedate = 2008-02-14 | = https://web.archive.org/web/20080214171739/http://www.wordsareimportant.com/ontheroad.htm }}</ref> Mwandishi kutoka ScotlandIrvine Welsh mara nyingi huashiria matumizi ya madawa katika riwaya yake, ingawa katika mojawapo ya kazi zake za uandishi anatoa maoni kuhusu jinsi madawa (ikiwa ni pamoja na amfetamini) yamekuwa sehemu ya utamaduni wa ulaji na jinsi riwaya zake Trainspotting na Porno zinaonyesha mabadiliko ya matumizi ya madawa na utamaduni katika wakati uliopita kati ya maandishi ya riwaya hizi mbili. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irvinewelsh.net/journalism.aspx?jid=25 |title=Drug Cultures in Trainspotting and Porno |last=Welsh |first=Irvine |date=2006-08-10 |publisher=irvinewelsh.net |accessdate=2008-10-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624060240/http://www.irvinewelsh.net/journalism.aspx?jid=25 |archivedate=2009-06-24 }}</ref> Amfetamini imetajwa mara nyingi katika kazi ya mwandishi wa habari wa Marekani Hunter S. Thompson. 'Speed' inaonekana si tu katika rekodi ya madawa ya kulevya ambayo Thompson alitumia kwa yale yanayoweza kufafanuliwa kama madhumuni ya burudani, lakini pia inatajwa mara kwa mara, na wazi kama sehemu muhimu ya chombo chake cha uandishi, <ref>{{cite news | last = Carr | first = David | coauthors = | title = Fear and Loathing on a Documentary Screen | work = | pages = AR7 | language = en-US | publisher = New York ''Times'' | date = 29 Juni 2008 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/movies/29carr.html | accessdate = 18 Machi 2009}}</ref> kama vile katika "Maandishi yake ya Ilani" ya kitabu cha '''Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72'.'' <ref>{{cite book | last = Thompson | first = Hunter S. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = [[Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72]] | publisher = Warner Books | year = 1973 | location = New York | pages = 15–16, 21 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-446-31364-5}}</ref> <blockquote>"Alasiri moja karibu siku tatu zilizopita [wachapishaji] walikuja kwangu bila kuniarifu, na kuniletea karibu pauni arobaini za vifaa: masanduku mawili pombe kutoka Meksiko, kwati nne za jini, dazeni ya matunda ya zabibu, na 'speed' ya kutosha na kubadilisha matokeo ya michezo sita ya Super Bowls. ... Wakati huo huo, [...] ikiwa sura ya mwisho bado haijaandikwa na mipango ya kukutana na wanahabari ikiwa inaanza katika masaa 24. . . . isipokuwa mtu aje na 'speed' iliyo na nguvu sana, kunawezakosa ''kuwa'' na sura ya mwisho. Karibu vidole vinne vya kranki ya mfalme kuzimu vinaweza kusaidia, lakini mimi sina matumaini. " </blockquote> ===Katika hisabati=== Mwanahisabati maarufu Paul Erdős alitumia amfetamini, na mara moja alishinda dau kutoka kwa rafiki yake Ron Graham, ambaye aliweka dau la $ 500 naye kuwa hangeweza kukaa kwa mwezi mmoja bila kutumia dawa hii. <ref name="hill"> Hill, J. Paul Erdos, Mathematical Genius, Human (In That Order)</ref> Erdős alishinda dau, lakini alilalamika kuwa wakati alikuwa amewacha kunywa dawa hiyo hisabati ilikuwa imerudi nyuma kwa mwezi mmoja: "Hapo awali, mimi nilipotazama kipande tupu cha karatasi akili yangu ilikuwa inajawa na mawazo. Sasa mimi naona kipande tupu cha karatasi. "Baada ya kushinda dau, yeye alirudia matumizi yake ya amfetamine mara moja. ===Katika muziki=== Nyimbo nyingi zimeandikwa kuhusu amfetamine, kwa mfano katika wimbo unaoitwa "St Ides Heaven" kutoka albamu ya mwimbaji / mtunzi, Elliott Smith yenye jina lake. Wimbo wa ''Semi Charmed Life'' wa ''Third Eye Blind'' pia unarejelea amfetamini. Mfano mwingine wa wazi ni wimbo unaoitwa "Amfetamini" wa kikundi kingine cha nyimbo za rock cha Everclear. Pia imeathiri ujumi wa bendi nyingi za rock'n'roll (hasa katika 'garage rock, mod R &amp; B, death rock, Punk / hardcore, gothic rock na aina zingine kama hizo). Hüsker Du, Jesus and Mary Chain's na The Who walikuwa watumiaji mashuhuri wa amfetamine wakati walipokuwa wakianza. Land Speed Record ni kivutio cha matumizi ya amfetamini na Hüsker Du. Bendi nyingi za rock'n'roll zimejiita jina la amfetamini na majina ya kimtaa yanayohusiana na dawa hii. Kwa mfano waamshaji 'Mod', The Hearts Purple walijiita jina la vidonge vya amfetamine vilivyotumiwa sana na 'mods' katika miaka ya 1960, kama ilivyofanya bendi kutoka Australia iliyokuwa na jina sawa katika miaka ya kati ya 1960. The Amphetameanies, bendi ya Ska-Punk bendi, pia imejipatia jina linalohusiana na amfetamine, na pia huiga athari zake. Kikundi cha Dexy's Midnight Runners, walioimba wimbo ulionyakua nafasi ya kwanza "Come On Eileen" wamejiita jina linalohusiana na Dexedrine. Motörhead walijiita jina la kimtaa linalohusiana na mlevi wa amfetamini. ===Katika filamu=== Mtayarishaji David O. Selznick alikuwa anatumia amfetamine, na mara nyingi alikuwa anawasomea wasimamizi wake taarifa ndefu na zilizokosa mpangilio akiwa amekunywa amfetamini. <ref> Memo From David O. Selznick, http://www.amazon.com/Memo-David-Selznick-Memorandums-Autobiographical/dp/0375755314</ref> Filamu ya ''Shadowing The Third Man'' inaelezea kwamba Selznick alimfanya msimamizi wa Third Man, Carol Reed aanze kutumia amfetamine, ambayo ilimwezesha Reed kukamilisha filamu chini ya bajeti na kwa wakati uliofaa kwa kuchukua filamu kwa karibu masaa 22 kwa wakati mmoja. <ref> Shadowing the Third Man, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0429086/</ref> Filamu ya Garrett Scott ya ''Cul-de-Sac, A Suburban War Story'' ina historia fupi ya utengenezaji na uenezaji wa amfetamini, na kuhusu athari zake. <ref> Cul-de-Sac, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0317273/</ref> Katika filamu ya ''Requiem for a Dream,'' Ellen Burstyn anamwonyesha Sara Goldfarb, mjane mzee ambaye anazoea kutumia dawa za kupunguza uzito za amfetamini. Baada ya kupatwa na kichaa kinachosababishwa na amfetamine, yeye hulazwa hospitalini bila yeye kutaka, anapewa tiba ya msukosuko wa kielektroniki, na baadaye anafungiwa katika hifadhi ya wazimu. <ref> Resurrection (1980) - IMDb</ref> Jina la filamu ya 2009 ''Amphetamine'' linabeba maana mbili za neno katika Kichina - kando ya jina la dawa hii, pia inamaanisha 'je, si hii ni hatma yake?, maana ambayo kitamathali inahusishwa na mtiririko wa filamu hii. Neno hili linanukuliwa kama [[wikt:安|[[wikt:命|[[wikt:他|[[wikt:非|安]]]]]]非他命]] - [[wikt:ān|"ya]] [[wikt:fēi|fēi]] [[wikt:tā|ta]] [[wikt:mìng|Ming"]] - na kama inavyotokea kwa kawaida katika unukuzi wa maneno yasiyo ya asili ya Kichina, kila herufi ina maana tofauti kama neno binafsi lisilohusiana. Katika filamu ya 1972 ya ''Ciao!'' ''Manhattan,'' Edie Sedgwick anamwonyesha Susan Superstar, mhusika wa kitamthilia ambaye ni toleo lake yeye mwenyewe, ambapo anajadili matumizi yake ya madawa ya kulevya, hasa amfetamini. Katika onyesho moja maalum, yeye anazungumza kuhusu ubashasha wa matumizi yake ya madawa ya kulevya katika filamu ya aibu ya "Speed Monologue". <ref> [http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid%3A182251]</ref> ==Hali ya kisheria== * Katika Uingereza, amfetamini imewekwa katika Kikundi B cha madawa ya kulevya. Adhabu ya kiwango cha juu ya kupatwa na dawa hii bila idhini ni kifungo cha miaka mitano kwenye jela na faini isiyo kikomo. Adhabu ya kiwango cha juu kwa usambazaji haramu ni miaka kumi katika jela na faini isiyo kikomo. Methamfetamine hivi karibuni imewekwa katika Kikundi A, ambapo adhabu za kupatwa nayo ni kali zaidi (miaka 7 kwa jela na faini isiyo na kikomo). <ref>{{cite web|title=Class A, B and C drugs|url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/drugs/drugs-law/Class-a-b-c/|accessdate=2007-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804233232/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/drugs/drugs-law/Class-a-b-c/|archivedate=2007-08-04|=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804233232/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/drugs/drugs-law/Class-a-b-c/}}</ref> * Katika Uholanzi, amfetamine na methamfetamine ni dawa za Orodha 1 ya sheria za Afyuni lakini isoma dextro ya amfetamine imeonyeshwa kwa ADD / ADHD na nakolepsi na inapatikana kwa agizo la daktari kama 5 na {{nowrap|10 mg}} vidonge vya mwigo, na 5 na {{nowrap|10 mg}}vidonge vya jeli. * Nchini Marekani, amfetamine na methamfetamine ni madawa ya kulevya ya Ratiba II, iliyopambanuliwa kama CNS (vichangamsha mfumo mkuu wa neva). <ref>{{cite web | title=Trends in Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Admissions to Treatment: 1993–2003 | publisher=Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration | url=http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6/methTX/methTX.htm | accessdate=28 Februari 2007 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305100340/http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6/methTx/methTX.htm | archivedate=2013-03-05 | =https://web.archive.org/web/20130305100340/http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6/methTx/methTX.htm }}</ref> Dawa ya Ratiba II imepambanuliwa kama iliyo na nafasi ya kutumiwa vibaya, inakubali sasa katika matumizi ya kimatibabu na hutumiwa chini ya vikwazo kali, na ina uwezekano mkubwa wa utegemezi mkali wa kisaikolojia na kifiziolojia. Kimataifa, amfetamine ni dawa ya Ratiba II chini ya Mkataba wa Dawa Zinazotatiza akili. <ref>{{cite web | title=List of psychotropic substances under international control | publisher=International Narcotics Control Board | url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf | format=PDF | accessdate=19 Novemba 2005 | archivedate=2012-08-31 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831222336/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf | =https://web.archive.org/web/20120831222336/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf }}</ref> == Tiba-bashiri == Dawa kadhaa zimeonyeshwa kutoa amfetamine na / au methamfetamine kama za kimetaboli, ikiwa ni pamoja na amfetaminili, benzfetamini, clobenzoreksi, dimethilamfetamini, ethilamfetamini, famprofazoni, fenkamini, fenethilini, fenproporeksi, furfenoreksi, lisdeksamfetamini, mefenoreksi, mesokabi, prenilamini, propilamfetamini, na selegilini, miongoni mwa zingine. <ref name="pmid10711406">{{cite journal | author = Musshoff F | title = Illegal or legitimate use? Precursor compounds to amphetamine and methamphetamine | journal = Drug Metabolism Reviews | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–44 | year = 2000 | month = Februari | pmid = 10711406 | doi = 10.1081/DMR-100100562 | url = http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1081/DMR-100100562 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid12024689">{{cite journal | author = Cody JT | title = Precursor medications as a source of methamphetamine and/or amphetamine positive drug testing results | journal = Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 435–50 | year = 2002 | month = Mei | pmid = 12024689 | doi = | url = http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1076-2752&volume=44&issue=5&spage=435 | access-date = 2010-10-18 | archive-date = 2011-05-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110515203918/http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1076-2752&volume=44&issue=5&spage=435 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Michanganyiko hii inaweza kusababisha matokeo ya uongo ya kuwepo kwa amfetamini katika upimaji wa dawa hii. <ref name="pmid10711406"></ref> <ref name="pmid12024689"></ref> ==Pia tazama== * Kichocheaakili * Methamfetamini * Dextroamfetamini * Aderali * Lisdexamfetamini * Kichaa kinachosababishwa na amfetamini * Maradhi ya upungufu wa makini * Methylphenidate * Benzylpiperazine * Kemia haramu * Ethilamfetamini * Fenethilamini * Propilamfetamini * Kikolezo kitoacho ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo|2}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{PubChemLink|5826}} (D-form-dextroamphetamine) * {{PubChemLink|3007}} (L-form and D, L-form) * {{PubChemLink|32893}} (L-form-Levamphetamine au L-amphetamine) * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pccompound&amp;DbFrom=pccompound&amp;Cmd=Link&amp;LinkName=pccompound_pccompound&amp;LinkReadableName=Similar%20Compounds&amp;IdsFromResult=3007&amp;ordinalpos=1&amp;itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pccompound.Pccompound_ResultsPanel.Pccompound_RVDocSum List of 504 Compounds Similar to Amphetamine (PubChem)] * [http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?nnodeid=25479 EMCDDA drugs profile: Amphetamine (2007)] * [http://www.drugs.com/Amphetamine Drugs.com - Amphetamine] * [http://www.apaic.org Asia &amp; Pacific Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Information Centre] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apaic.org/ |date=20200723104030 }} * [http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/dpdirect.jsp?name=Amphetamine U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Amphetamine] [[Category:Madawa]] [[Category:Madawa ya Kulevya]] h9anr3va2qbkhd3keyze9inewhcqqg1 Kidagbani 0 64486 1582452 1582212 2026-07-30T09:44:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kidagbani''' au '''''Kidagbanli''''' ni [[Lugha za Kigur|lugha ya Kigur]] inayozungumzwa nchini [[Ghana]] na kaskazini mwa [[Togo]]. Ina takriban wasemaji wa asili milioni 1.17.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Breaking the Low-Resource Barrier for Dagbani ASR: From Data Collection to ASR Modeling |url=https://openreview.net/pdf?id=lje9lI9zV8}}</ref> Kidagbani ndiyo lugha inayozungumzwa zaidi katika nusu ya kaskazini ya Ghana, ikijumuisha miongoni mwa jamii kadhaa zisizokuwa na mfumo wa utawala wa kati ambazo kihistoria zilikuwa chini ya mamlaka ya Mfalme wa Dagbaŋ, aliyejulikana kama ''[[Ya-Na|Yaa-Naa]]''. Dagbaŋ, iliyopo katika [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana|Mkoa wa Kaskazini wa Ghana]], inachukuliwa kuwa ufalme wa kitamaduni wa zamani zaidi nchini humo, na Yaa-Naa anahudumu kama kiongozi mkuu wa kimila, akisimamia jamii mbalimbali katika eneo la Dagbaŋ. Kidagbani kinaelewana kwa karibu na [[Kimampruli]] na kinahusiana kwa karibu na [[Kinabit]], [[Kitalni]], [[Kikamara]], [[Kikantosi]], na [[Kihanga]], ambazo pia zinazungumzwa katika mikoa ya Kaskazini, Kaskazini Mashariki, [[Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu|Mashariki ya Juu]], na [[Mkoa wa Savannah]]. Pia kinahusiana na wanachama wengine wa kundi dogo hilo hilo wanaozungumzwa katika mikoa mingine, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Kidagaare]] na [[Kiwali (Gur)|Kiwali]], zinazozungumzwa katika [[Mkoa wa Magharibi ya Juu]] wa Ghana, pamoja na [[Kifrafra]] na [[Kikusaal]], zinazozungumzwa katika Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu wa nchi hiyo.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gur|last=Naden|first=Tony|date=1989|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, MD|pages=141–168}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Niger-Congo Languages|last=Bendor-Samuel|first=John T.|date=1989|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, MD}}</ref> Nchini Togo, Kidagbani kinazungumzwa katika [[Mkoa wa Savanes, Togo|Mkoa wa Savanes]] mpakani mwa Ghana. == Etimolojia na majina == Jina ''Dagbani'' ndilo linalotumiwa zaidi katika Kiingereza, likitokana na kipindi cha ukoloni na wamisionari. Tahajia hizi za Kiingereza zilikubaliwa na mfumo wa elimu wa Ghana pamoja na Baraza la Lugha za Ghana (Bureau of Ghana Languages). Katika lugha yenyewe inaitwa ''Dagbanli'': ''Dagbamba'' inarejelea watu, ''Dagbanli'' inarejelea lugha, na ''Dagbaŋ'' inarejelea nchi au eneo. Kiambishi tamati ''‑li'', kinachotumiwa kuunda majina ya lugha, ni cha kawaida katika [[Lugha za Mabia]].<ref>*[http://mabia-vp.com/tiki-index.php?page=Welcome! The VP-periphery in Mabia languages] {{Wayback|url=http://mabia-vp.com/tiki-index.php?page=Welcome! |date=20250422022436 }}</ref> == Lugha za mitaa == Kidagbani kina lahaja kuu mbili: Kidagbani cha Mashariki (Nayahali), chenye kitovu chake katika mji mkuu wa kitamaduni wa [[Yendi]] (Naya), na Kidagbani cha Magharibi (Tomosili), chenye kitovu chake katika mji mkuu wa kiutawala wa Mkoa wa Kaskazini, [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]. Hata hivyo, lahaja hizi zinaelewana vizuri, na tofauti zake kuu ni matumizi ya [[Aina za irabu|irabu za mizizi]] katika baadhi ya [[Bokaa|maneno]], pamoja na aina au matamshi tofauti ya baadhi ya nomino, hasa zile zinazorejelea mimea ya eneo hilo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://multitree.org/codes/dag lugha ya Kidagbani kwenye Multitree] *[http://www.language-archives.org/language/dag makala za OLAC kuhusu Kidagbani] *[http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dagb1246 lugha ya Kidagbani katika Glottolog] *http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dag {{mbegu-lugha}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dagbani}} [[Jamii:Lugha za Ghana]] pxcbrk9n438wxeu354ht2z7pb98ca2j RETScreen 0 97560 1582415 1523927 2026-07-30T04:37:29Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 1582415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Programu ya Usimamizi wa Nishati Safi ya RETScreen''' (kwa kawaida iliyofupishwa kuwa '''RETScreen''') ni kifurushi cha programu kilichotengenezwa na Serikali ya Kanada. RETScreen Expert iliangaziwa mwaka 2016 katika Clean Energy Ministerial iliyofanyika San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?crtr.sj1D=&crtr.mnthndVl=9&mthd=advSrch&crtr.dpt1D=6683&nid=1079429&crtr.lc1D=&crtr.tp1D=&crtr.yrStrtVl=2014&crtr.kw=&crtr.dyStrtVl=1&crtr.aud1D=&crtr.mnthStrtVl=1&crtr.page=3&crtr.yrndVl=2020&crtr.dyndVl=4 |title=Canada, Mexico and the United States Show Progress on North American Energy Collaboration |website=News.gc.ca |date=2016-06-03 |accessdate=2016-10-20 |archivedate=2016-10-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025051526/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-en.do?crtr.sj1D=&crtr.mnthndVl=9&mthd=advSrch&crtr.dpt1D=6683&nid=1079429&crtr.lc1D=&crtr.tp1D=&crtr.yrStrtVl=2014&crtr.kw=&crtr.dyStrtVl=1&crtr.aud1D=&crtr.mnthStrtVl=1&crtr.page=3&crtr.yrndVl=2020&crtr.dyndVl=4 }}</ref> Programu inapatikana katika lugha 36, ​ikiwa ni pamoja na Kiswahili. '''RetScreen Expert''' ni toleo la sasa la programu na lilitolewa kwa umma mnano Septemba 19, 2016. Programu hii inaruhusu utambulisho, utathmini na uboreshaji kamili wa uwezekano wa kiufundi na wa kifedha wa nishati mbadala na miradi inayotumia nishati vizuri; ikijumuisha upimaji na uthibitishaji wa utendaji halisi wa vituo na utambulisho wa nafasi za kuokoa/uzalishaji nishati.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX8JN0xkq5A |format=Video |author=Clean Energy Solutions Center |title=Financial Analysis with RETScreen |website=Youtube.com |accessdate=2016-10-20}}</ref> Hali ya mtaza[[maji]]" katika RETScreen Expert ni ya bila malipo na inaruhusu ufikiaji wa vitendaji vya programu. Hata hivyo, tofauti na matoleo ya zamani ya RETScreen,, "Hali mpya ya kitaalamu" (ambayo inaruhusu watumiaji kuhifadhi, kuchapisha, nk.) sasa inapatikana kwa msingi wa usajili wa kila mwaka. RETScreen Suite, ikijumuisha RETScreen 4 na RETScreen Plus, ni toleo la awali la programu ya RETScreen. RETScreen Suite inajumuisha uwezo wa kuchambua uzajilishaji mbadala na wa nje ya gridi wa nishati. Tofauti na RETScreen Suite, RETScreen Expert ni jukwaa moja lililojumuishwa la programu; hutumia chapa asili ya kina na ya jumla kwa kutathmini miradi; na inajumuisha uwezo wa kuchambua uwekezaji. RETScreen Expert hujumuisha hifadhidata kadhaa ili kumsaidia mtumiaji, pamoja na hifadhidata ya kimataifa ya hali ya hewa kutoka vituo 6,700 vya ardhini na data ya setilaiti ya NASA; hifadhidata ya vigezo, hifadhidata ya fedha, hifadhidata ya mradi, hifadhidata ya masuala ya maji na hifadhidata ya bidhaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_RETscreen.html |title=NASA - NASA Collaboration Benefits International Priorities of Energy Management |website=Nasa.gov |date=2010-02-24 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2017-06-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607121213/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_RETscreen.html }}</ref> Programu hii ina nyenzo nyingi za mafunzo, ikijumuisha kitabu pepe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.690261/publication.html |format=PDF |title = Clean Energy Project Analysis, RETScreen® Engineering & Cases Textbook: M154-13/2005E-PDF - Government of Canada Publications | website=Publications.gc.ca |accessdate=2016-02-24}}</ref> == Historia == Toleo la kwanza la RETScren lilitolewa tarehe 30 Aprili, 1998. Toleo la 4 la RETScreen lilizinduliwa terehe 11 Disemba, 2007 kule Bali, Indonesia na Waziri wa Mazingira ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?crtr.sj1D=&mthd=advSrch&crtr.mnthndVl=12&nid=367259&crtr.dpt1D=&crtr.tp1D=&crtr.lc1D=&crtr.yrStrtVl=2007&crtr.kw=&crtr.dyStrtVl=10&crtr.aud1D=&crtr.mnthStrtVl=12&crtr.yrndVl=2007&crtr.dyndVl=11 |title=Archived - CANADA LAUNCHES CLEAN ENERGY SOFTWARE - Canada News Centre |website=News.gc.ca |date=2007-12-11 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2012-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312100814/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?crtr.sj1D=&mthd=advSrch&crtr.mnthndVl=12&nid=367259&crtr.dpt1D=&crtr.tp1D=&crtr.lc1D=&crtr.yrStrtVl=2007&crtr.kw=&crtr.dyStrtVl=10&crtr.aud1D=&crtr.mnthStrtVl=12&crtr.yrndVl=2007&crtr.dyndVl=11 }}</ref> RETScreen Plus iliyotolewa mwaka wa 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reeep.org/news/retscreen-adds-energy-performance-analysis-module |title=RETScreen adds energy performance analysis module |website=REEEP.org |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2018-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225141418/https://www.reeep.org/news/retscreen-adds-energy-performance-analysis-module%20 }}</ref> RETScreen Suite (ikijumuisha RETScreen 4 na RETScreen Plus ikiwa na maboresho mengi ya ziada), ilitolewa mwaka wa 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20120605_major_upgrade_to_retscreen_software.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International Newsletter - 2012-06-05: Major Upgrade to RETScreen Software |website=Web.archive.org |date=2012-06-05 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715020812/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20120605_major_upgrade_to_retscreen_software.php }}</ref> RETScreen Expert ilitolewa kwa umma tarehe 19 September, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/coming_soon_retscreen_expert_software.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International Newsletter - Coming Soon: RETScreen Expert Software |website=Web.archive.org |date=2015-01-30 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-07-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702003434/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/coming_soon_retscreen_expert_software.php }}</ref> == Mahitaji ya programu == Programu hiyo inahitaji Microsoft® Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1 au Windows 10; na Microsoft® .NET Framework 4.7 au ya juu zaidi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/software-tools/7465 |title=RETScreen, Natural Resources Canada |website=Nrcan.gc.ca |accessdate=2016-07-15}}</ref> Inawezekana kwa programu hiyo kufanya kazi kwa kompyuta za Apple Macintosh ikitumia Parallels au VirtualBox ya Mac.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/general.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International - FAQ - Windows/Excel & other |website=Web.archive.org |date=2015-04-24 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714225457/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/general.php }}</ref> == Washirika == RETScreen inasimamiwa chini ya uongozi na msaada wa kifedha unaoendelea wa Kituo cha Utafiti cha CanmetENERGY Varennes cha Rasilimali za Asili za Kanada, idara ya Serikali ya Kanada. Timu kuu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/core_team.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International Core Team |website=Web.archive.org |accessdate=2018-02-13 |archivedate=2015-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929091649/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/core_team.php }}</ref> hushirikiana na mashirika mengine ya serikali na ya kimataifa, na msaada wa kitaalamu kutoka kwa mtandao mkubwa wa wataalamu kutoka kwa viwanda, serikali na shule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/g_con_dte.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International Network of experts |website=Web.archive.org |accessdate=2018-02-13 |archivedate=2015-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929082657/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/g_con_dte.php }}</ref> Washirika wakuu ni pamoja na Langley Research Center ya NASA,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://power.larc.nasa.gov/ |title= NASA - POWER |website=Nasa.gov |accessdate=2018-02-13}}</ref> Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reeep.org/ |title=Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) |website=REEP.org |accessdate=2018-02-13}}</ref> Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieso.ca |title=IESO |website=IESO.ca |accessdate=2018-02-13}}</ref> Kitengo chaNishati cha [[UNEP]] cha Idara ya Teknolojia, Viwanda na Uchumi,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uneptie.org/division/dtie/about.htm |title=About DTIE |website=Uneptie.org |accessdate=2018-02-13 |archivedate=2018-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408151634/http://www.uneptie.org/division/dtie/about.htm }}</ref> Global Environment Facility (GEF),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thegef.org/gef/ |title=Global Environment Facility |website=Thegef.org |accessdate=2018-02-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313201952/https://www.thegef.org/gef/ |archivedate=2016-03-13 }}</ref> Mchango wa Kupunguza Kaboni wa [[Benki ya Dunia|World Bank]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wbcarbonfinance.org/Router.cfm?Page=PCF&ItemID=9707&FID=9707 |title=Carbon Finance at the World Bank: Prototype Carbon Fund |website=Wbcarbonfinance.org |accessdate=2018-02-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415172720/https://wbcarbonfinance.org/Router.cfm?Page=PCF&FID=9707&ItemID=9707 |archivedate=2017-04-15 }}</ref> na Mpango wa Nishati Endelevu wa [[York University|Chuo kikuu cha York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sei.info.yorku.ca/ |title=Sustainable Energy Initiative |website=Yorku.ca |accessdate=2018-02-13}}</ref> == Mifano ya matumizi == Kuanzia Februari 2018, programu ya RETScreen ilikuwa na watumiaji zaidi ya '''575,000''' katika kila nchi na himaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/popup.php?id=10248&tcopy=&alt=RETScreen+Software:+Cumulative+Growth+of+User+Base&titre= |title=Archived - RETScreen International - RETScreen Software: Cumulative Growth of User Base |website=Web.archive.org |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-09-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920024148/http://www.retscreen.net/popup.php?id=10248&tcopy=&alt=RETScreen+Software:+Cumulative+Growth+of+User+Base&titre= }}</ref> Utafiti huru wa athari<ref name=report1>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/623/Rapport_Impact.pdf |format=PDF |title=Archived - RETScreen International: Results & impacts 1996-2012 |website=Web.archive.org |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-09-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926214355/http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/623/Rapport_Impact.pdf }}</ref> ilikadiria kwamba kufikia mwaka wa 2013, matumizi ya programu ya RETScreen yaliwajibika duniani kote, kwa zaidi ya dola bilioni 8 katika kuokoa gharama ya muamala kwa watumiaji, MT 20 kwa mwaka wa upunguzaji wa uzalishaji wa gesi, na angalau imewezesha GW 24 ya uwezo wa nishati safi iliyowekwa. RETScreen hutumika sana ili kuwezesha na kutekeleza miradi safi ya nishati. Kwa mfano, RETScreen imetumika: * kuimarisha [[Empire State Building]] na hatua za ufanisi wa nishati<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/2009/Energy%20Performance%20Contracting.pdf |format=PDF |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Energy Performance Contracting |website=Web.archive.org |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122318/http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/2009/Energy%20Performance%20Contracting.pdf }}</ref> * katika vituo vya utengenezaji vya 3M Canada<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/3m-canada-deploys-retscreen-software-gregory-j-leng/|title=3M Canada Deploys RETScreen Software|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> * kwa kiasi kikubwa na sekta ya upepo ya Irish ili kuchambua miradi mpya ya uwezekano<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/2007/Wind%20Power%20%26%20Biomass%20District%20Heating%20Projects.pdf |format=PDF |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Wind Power and Biomass Heating Projects Seamus Hoyne, TEA and Tipperary Institute |website=Web.archive.org |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2014-08-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806110237/http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/2007/Wind%20Power%20%26%20Biomass%20District%20Heating%20Projects.pdf }}</ref> * kufuatilia utendaji wa mamia ya shule kule Ontario<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/school-board-energy-managers-lead-way-gregory-j-leng/|title=School Board Energy Managers Lead Way|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> * na programu iliyochanganywa ya joto na nishati ya Manitoba Hydro (uboreshaji wa nishati) ili kuchunguza programu za mradi <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/bioenergy_optimization/index.shtml |title=Bioenergy Optimization Program |website=Hydro.mb.ca |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archive-date=2017-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708200945/http://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_business/bioenergy_optimization/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/2008/Manitoba%20Hydro%E2%80%99s%20Biomass%20Optimization%20Program.pdf |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Power Smart Bioenergy Optimization Program |website=Web.archive.org |date=June 2011 |accessdate=2016-10-24 |archivedate=2015-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122318/http://www.retscreen.net/fichier.php/2008/Manitoba%20Hydro%E2%80%99s%20Biomass%20Optimization%20Program.pdf }}</ref> * kusimamia nishati kwenye chuo kikuu na chuo cha elimu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/universities-colleges-reduce-carbon-gregory-j-leng/|title=Universities and Colleges Reduce Carbon|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> * katika uchunguzi wa miaka mingi na kutathmini utendaji wa photovoltaic huko Toronto, Kanada<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.explace.on.ca/database/rte/TAF_HorsePalace_web.pdf |format=PDF |title=Solarcity Technology Assessment Partnership |date=June 2009 |website=Explace.on.ca |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225141416/https://www.explace.on.ca/database/rte/TAF_HorsePalace_web.pdf%20 |archivedate=2018-12-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.solarcitypartnership.ca/solarfiles/HorsePalace-updatereport.pdf |format=PDF |title=Horse Palace Photovoltaic Pilot Project: Update Report |date=January 2012 |website=Solarcitypartnership.ca |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102100601/http://www.solarcitypartnership.ca/solarfiles/HorsePalace-updatereport.pdf |archivedate=2013-11-02 }}</ref> * kuchambua upashaji joto hewa kwa kutumia jua katika Jeshi la Marekani<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA500580 |title=AN EVALUATION OF SOLAR AIR HEATING AT UNITED STATES AIR FORCE INSTALLATIONS |website=Dtic.mil |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2013-09-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909205651/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA500580 }}</ref> * kwa vituo vya manispaa, ikijumuisha kutambua nafasi za ufanisi wa kuongezea vitu vya kuboresha nishati katika manispaa mbalimbali za Ontario<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/katelyn-mcfadyen-cristina-guido-municipal-energy-champions-leng/|title=Katelyn McFadyen and Cristina Guido - Municipal Energy Champions|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|accessdate=2018-03-27|archivedate=2018-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408151838/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/katelyn%2Dmcfadyen%2Dcristina%2Dguido%2Dmunicipal%2Denergy%2Dchampions%2Dleng/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/links/policy_association_of_municipalities_of_ontario_audit_program.html |title=Internet Archive Wayback Machine |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-08-08 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122455/http://www.retscreen.net/links/policy_association_of_municipalities_of_ontario_audit_program.html }}</ref> Mkusanyiko mkubwa wa makala yanayoonyesha jinsi RETScreen imetumiwa katika muktadha tofauti, unapatikana kwenye ukurasa wa LinkedIn wa RETScreen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International Newsletter |website=Web.archive.org |date=2015-12-22 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2016-01-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112221923/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news.php }}</ref> RETScreen pia hutumiwa kama chombo cha kufundisha na utafiti kwa zaidi ya vyuo vikuu na vyuo vya mseto 1,100 duniani kote, na mara nyingi hutajwa katika fasihi za kitaaluma.<ref>Kwa mfano, utafutaji wa Google Scholar wa RETScreen mnamo tarehe 7 Februari 2018 ilionyesha matokeo 5,500. </ref> Mifano ya matumizi ya RETScreen katika masomo inaweza kupatikana chini ya "Machapisho na Ripoti" na sehemu za "Mtalaa wa Chuo Kikuu na Chuo cha Elimu" za jarida la RETScreen, linalopatikana kwa njia ya mwongozo wa Mtumiaji kwenye programu iliyopakuliwa. Matumizi ya RETScreen imeamurishwa au kupendekezwa na mipango ya motisha ya nishati katika ngazi zote za serikali duniani kote, ikijumuisha [[Kongamano la Mfumo wa UM kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi|UNFCCC]] na EU; Kanada, New Zealand na Uingereza; majimbo mengi ya Amerika na mikoa ya; miji na manispaa ya Kanada; na matumizi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/clean_energy_policy_analysis.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Clean Energy Policy Toolkit |website=Web.archive.org |date=2012-09-21 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-10-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005075149/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/clean_energy_policy_analysis.php }}</ref> Warsha za mafunzo ya RETScreen ya kitaifa na kimkoa zimetekelezwa kwa ombi rasmi la Serikali za Chile,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20140107_cer_chile_implements_retscreen_training_program.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International - CER Chile Implements RETScreen Training Program |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-10-24 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714213530/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20140107_cer_chile_implements_retscreen_training_program.php }}</ref> Saudia,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20130717_saudi_arabia_builds_clean_energy_capacity.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Saudi Arabia Builds Clean Energy Capacity |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-05-02 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714204723/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20130717_saudi_arabia_builds_clean_energy_capacity.php }}</ref> na nchi 15 za [[Afrika ya Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]] na Kati,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20130808_strengthening_foundations_clean_energy_west_africa.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Strengthening the Foundations of Clean Energy in West Africa |website=Web.archive.org |date=2014-05-02 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-07-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714225224/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news_20130808_strengthening_foundations_clean_energy_west_africa.php }}</ref> na Shirika la Nishati la Amerika ya Kilatino (OLADE). == Tuzo na utambuzi == Mwaka wa 2010, RETScreen ya Kimataifa ilipewa tuzo ya Utumishi Bora wa Umma,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawacitizen.com/pdf/psae-booklet-2010.pdf |format=PDF |title=Public Service Award of Excellence 2010 |website=Ottawacitizen.com |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205813/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/pdf/psae-booklet-2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> tuzo kubwa zaidi lililotolewa na serikali ya Kanada kwa watumishi wake wa umma. RETScreen na timu ya RETScreen wamechaguliwa na kupokea tuzo zingine nyingi za kifahari ikijumuisha tuzo la Nishati mbadala ya Kimataifa ya Ernst & Young/Euromoney, Nishati ya Dunia (Tuzo la Taifa la Kanada), na Medali ya Tuzo la Kipekee la GTEC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retscreen.net/ang/awards.php |title=Archived - RETScreen International - Awards |website=Web.archive.org |date=2011-02-03 |accessdate=2016-07-15 |archivedate=2015-05-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509231104/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/awards.php }}</ref> == Mapitio == Uchunguzi wa Shirika la Kimataifa la Nishati wa toleo beta la sehemu ya umeme ya programu hiyo ulielezea kama la "kuvutia sana".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ieahydro.org/media/c617f800/Assessment%20Methods%20for%20Small-Hydro%20Projects.pdf |format=PDF |title=Assessment Methods for Small-hydro Projects |website=Ieahydro.org |accessdate=2016-10-24 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516213837/http://www.ieahydro.org/media/c617f800/Assessment%20Methods%20for%20Small-Hydro%20Projects.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirika la Mazingira la Ulaya linasema kwamba RETScreen "ni zana muhimu sana."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.environmenttools.co.uk/directory/tool/name/retscreen-clean-energy-project-analysis-software/id/563 |title=RETScreen Clean Energy Project Analysis Software &#124; Environmental software tools for accounting, carbon footprinting & sustainability performance |website=Environmenttools.co.uk |accessdate=2016-07-15}}</ref> RETScreen pia imeitwa "mojawapo ya zana chache za programu, na bora zaidi inayopatikana kutathmini uchumi wa kuweka nishati mbadala" na "zana za kuimarisha...ushirikiano wa soko" katika nishati safi duniani kote.<ref name=report1/> == Tazama pia == * [[Nishati mbadala]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == *[http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/software-tools/7465 RETScreen International] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgGnWDgq-9o RETScreen Expert - Benchmark Analysis (video)] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX8JN0xkq5A RETScreen Expert - Feasibility Analysis (video)] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idIlCwPNvlI RETScreen Expert - Performance Analysis (video)] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4HE7GZ8WOQ RETScreen Expert - Portfolio Analysis (video)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160112221923/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/news.php RETScreen Clean Energy Bulletin] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150711192911/http://www.retscreen.net/ang/what_is_retscreen.php "What is RETScreen?"] [[Jamii:Nishati]] lefdz8vo8yd4m7gk9qlrfth8ik5c26f Jürgen Klopp 0 110131 1582374 1263734 2026-07-29T18:57:25Z Husseyn Issa 44885 /* */ 1582374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Jürgen Klopp, Liverpool vs. Chelsea, UEFA Super Cup 2019-08-14 04.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Kocha Jurgen klopp akiwa Liverpool]] '''Jürgen Norbert Klopp''' (alizaliwa [[16 Juni]] [[1967]]) ni [[mwalimu]] wa [[soka]] wa [[Ujerumani]] na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani ambaye sasa ni [[meneja]] wa timu ya taifa ya Ujerumani. Klopp anajulikana kwa kupanua [[falsafa]] ya [[mpira wa miguu]] inayojulikana kama [[Gegenpressing]] na anachukuliwa na wengi kama mmoja wa mameneja bora [[duniani]]. Pia alicheza na kufundisha klabu ya [[FSV Mainz 05]], na baadaye akaweza kufundisha [[Borussia Dortmund]] mwaka [[2008]] hadi [[2015]]. {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ujerumani]] bsuaf30h9yr2h9cx5ptvie4xdzj67zp Katy Perry 0 110943 1582441 1516633 2026-07-30T08:09:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Muigizaji | rangi = Khaki | jina = Katy Perry | picha = KatyPerryWestminst111224 (81 of 95) (54206733094) (cropped 2).jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Katy Perry mnamo 2023 | jina la kuzaliwa = Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson | alizaliwa = {{birth date and age|1984|10|25}} | kafariki = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]]<br />[[Mwimbaji]] | miaka ya kazi = 2001 - | ndoa = {{marriage|[[Russell Brand]]|2010|2012|reason=divorced}} | rafiki = | watoto = 1 | wazazi = Mary Christine<br />Maurice Keith Hudson | mahusiano = [[Orlando Bloom]] (2016–hadi leo); | tovuti = {{URL|katyperry.com}} }} '''Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson''' (anafahamika zaidi kama '''Katy Perry'''; alizaliwa [[Santa Barbara]], [[California]], [[25 Oktoba]] [[1984]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson ni [[binti]] wa Mary Christine na Maurice Keith Hudson. ==Diskografia== ===Albamu=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu, pamoja na nafasi zilizoshika, mauzo na matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:8em;"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:17em;"| Vidokezo ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:11em;"| Mauzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Matunukio |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Marekani<br><ref name=USalbums>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/katy-perry/chart-history/billboard-200|title=Katy Perry Chart history: Billboard 200|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=November 26, 2018 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Australia<br><ref name=aus>Peaks in Australia: *For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|title=Australian Discography Katy Perry|publisher=Australian-charts.com|accessdate=September 21, 2011}} *"Who You Love": {{cite journal|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20140114-0740/Issue%201244.pdf|title=The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 30 December 2013|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|issue=1244|format=PDF|date=December 30, 2013|accessdate=October 23, 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Austria<br><ref name=aut>{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|title=Austrian Discography Katy Perry|language=German|publisher=Austriancharts.at|accessdate=September 21, 2011}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Canada<br><ref name=Canadianalbums>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/katy-perry/chart-history/canadian-albums|title=Katy Perry Chart history: Billboard Canadian Albums|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=November 26, 2018 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|France<br><ref name="FRA">{{cite web | url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry | title=Discographie Katy Perry | publisher=Hung Medien | work=lescharts.com | accessdate=February 14, 2009 | language=French}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Ujerumani<br><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Perry%2CKaty/?type=longplay |title=Chartverfolgung / Perry, Katy / Longplay |language=German |publisher=musicline.de PhonoNet |accessdate=November 27, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054719/http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Perry%2CKaty/?type=longplay |archivedate=March 6, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Italy <br><ref name="it">{{cite web|url=http://www.italiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|title=Discography Katy Perry|publisher=italiancharts.com|accessdate=August 11, 2014|archive-date=2014-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129204826/http://www.italiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|New Zealand<br><ref name=nz>{{cite web|url=http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|title=New Zealand Discography Katy Perry|work=Charts.org.nz|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=September 21, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805095946/http://www.charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|archivedate=2015-08-05|https://web.archive.org/web/20150805095946/http://www.charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry|=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805095946/http://www.charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Uswisi<br><ref name=swi>{{cite web|url=http://swisscharts.com/artist.asp?name=Katy_Perry |title=Swiss Discography Katy Perry |language=German |publisher=Hitparade.ch |accessdate=September 21, 2011 |format=Click on the tab named "Charts" |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026062016/http://swisscharts.com/artist.asp?name=Katy_Perry |archivedate=October 26, 2012 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Uingereza<br><ref name="uk peaks">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5088/katy-perry/ |title=Artist: Katy Perry |publisher=Official Charts Company |accessdate=December 15, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Katy Hudson''<!-- Do NOT remove this. It is sourced and notable as Katy's first studio album --> | *Ilitolewa: Machi 6, 2001 *Lebo: Red Hill | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| ''One of the Boys'' | *Ilitolewa: Juni 17, 2008 *Lebo: Capitol Records | 9 || 11 || 6 || 6 || 10 || 7 || 23 || 17 || 6 || 11 | Marekani: 1,710,000<ref name=AskBB2017>{{cite journal|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7694308/ask-billboard-katy-perrys-career-song-album-sales |title=Ask Billboard: Katy Perry's Career Song & Album Sales |last=Trust |first=Gary |publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=February 20, 2017 |accessdate=February 20, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222052835/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7694308/ask-billboard-katy-perrys-career-song-album-sales |archivedate=February 22, 2017 }}</ref> *Ufaransa: 200,000<ref name=fraalbumsales>{{cite web|url=https://www.infodisc.fr/Album_Certification_Platine.php?debut=800 |title=Certified Albums "Platinum" :|publisher=Infodisc.fr|language=French|accessdate=December 26, 2017}}</ref> *Uingereza: 700,261<ref name="uksalesjune2017">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.musicweek.com/analysis/read/official-charts-analysis-london-grammar-enter-at-no-1/068833|title=Official Charts Analysis: London Grammar enter at No.1|last=Jones|first=Alan|date=June 16, 2017|accessdate=June 17, 2017|magazine=[[Music Week]]|subscription=yes}}</ref> | *Recording Industry Association of America: Platinum<ref name="riaa"/> *Australian Recording Industry Association: 2× Platinum<ref name="albumsAus2010">{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=album|certyear=2010|accessdate=January 19, 2011}}</ref> *British Phonographic Industry: 2× Platinum<ref name="bpi">{{cite certification|region=United Kingdom|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=March 12, 2011}}</ref> *Bundesverband Musikindustrie: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{cite certification|region=Germany|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=February 16, 2013}}</ref> *Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications">{{cite certification|region=Italy|artist=Katy Perry|type=album|accessdate=July 31, 2017}}</ref> *IFPI AUT: Platinum<ref name="IFPIAUT">{{cite certification|region=Austria|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=February 16, 2013}}</ref> *IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="SWIcert">{{cite certification|region=Switzerland|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=February 16, 2013}}</ref> *Music Canada: 3× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification">{{cite certification|region=Canada|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=February 16, 2013}}</ref> *Recorded Music NZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1548 |title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220231053/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1548 |archivedate=December 20, 2013 }}</ref> *Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique: 2× Platinum<ref name=francecertification>{{cite certification|region=France|type=album|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Teenage Dream'' | *Ilitolewa: Agosti 24, 2010 *Lebo: Capitol | 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 5 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 1 | *Duniani: 6,000,000<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jul/30/katy-perry-new-album-prism-lorry |title=Katy Perry announces new album, Prism, on side of golden lorry |first=Sean |last=Michaels |newspaper=The Guardian |date=July 30, 2013 |accessdate=June 20, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819031921/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jul/30/katy-perry-new-album-prism-lorry |archivedate=August 19, 2016 }}</ref> *Marekani: 3,000,000 *Ufaransa: 200,000 *Uingereza: 1,308,384 | *RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="riaa"/> *ARIA: 4× Platinum<ref name="albumsAus2011">{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=album|certyear=2011|accessdate=February 14, 2014}}</ref> *BPI: 4× Platinum<ref name="bpi"/> *BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications"/> *IFPI AUT: Gold<ref name="IFPIAUT"/> *IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="SWIcert"/> *MC: 4× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification"/> *RMNZ: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1900 |title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222040913/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1900 |archivedate=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> *SNEP: 2× Platinum<ref name=francecertification/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Prism'' | *Ilitolewa: Oktoba 18, 2013 *Lebo: Capitol | 1 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 4 || 5 || 1 || 2 || 1 | *Duniani: 4,000,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Third Annual Capitol Congress Presents New Projects, Media Notables |url=http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/144283/third-annual-capitol-congress-presents-new-project |publisher=All Access Music Group |accessdate=August 6, 2015 |date=August 6, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810152912/http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/144283/third-annual-capitol-congress-presents-new-project |archivedate=August 10, 2015 }}</ref> *Marekani: 1,700,000 *Australia: 179,000<ref name="aussales">{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Cameron |title=ARIA album charts: Pink and Katy Perry score highest sellers in Australia in 2013 |url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/aria-album-charts-pink-and-katy-perry-score-highest-sellers-in-australia-in-2013/story-fnhiy8bj-1226796832354 |accessdate=October 30, 2017 |date=January 7, 2014 |publisher=Perth Now |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020858/http://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/aria-album-charts-pink-and-katy-perry-score-highest-sellers-in-australia-in-2013/story-fnhiy8bj-1226796832354 |archivedate=November 7, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> *Canada: 40,000<ref name=CanadaSales2014>{{cite news|url=http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/public%20factsheets/Soundscan/year-end-2014-canada-music-report.pdf|title=2014 Nielsen Music Canada Report|publisher=[[Nielsen SoundScan]]|accessdate=September 21, 2017|archivedate=2017-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921145404/http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/public%20factsheets/Soundscan/year-end-2014-canada-music-report.pdf}}</ref> *Ufaransa: 140,000<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ruelle |first1=Yohann |title='Swish Swish' clip: Katy Perry thinks she's an NBA star with Nicki Minaj |url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104894.html |accessdate=November 4, 2017 |language=French |date=August 24, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001154221/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104894.html |archivedate=October 1, 2017 }}</ref> *Uingereza: 440,272 | *RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="riaa"/> *ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=album|certyear=2015|accessdate=February 11, 2015}}</ref> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi"/> *BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications"/> *IFPI AUT: 3× Platinum<ref name="IFPIAUT"/> *IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="SWIcert"/> *MC: 3× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification"/> *RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2580 |title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |accessdate=October 10, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015103309/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2580 |archivedate=October 15, 2014 }}</ref> *SNEP: Platinum<ref name=francecertification/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Witness'' | *Ilitolewa: Juni 9, 2017 *Lebo: Capitol | 1 || 2 || 6 || 1 || 4 || 10 || 6 || 2 || 7 || 6 | *Duniani: ~900,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-106301.html |last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry confides on the failure of her latest album 'Witness' |publisher=Pure Charts |accessdate=May 12, 2018 |language=French |date=March 10, 2018 }}</ref> *Marekani: 162,000.<ref name="Witness Billboard">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7833967/katy-perry-witness-no-1-album-billboard-200-chart |title=Katy Perry Scores Third No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart With 'Witness' |first=Keith |last=Caulfield |publisher=Billboard |date=June 18, 2017 |accessdate=June 19, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619033424/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7833967/katy-perry-witness-no-1-album-billboard-200-chart |archivedate=June 19, 2017 }}</ref> *Australia: 7,863<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/lorde-succeeds-where-katy-perry-failed-by-knocking-ed-sheeran-off-the-top-of-the-aria-album-chart/news-story/25b7d015bc4cb6125e7ebb067c5e24c5 |title=Lorde succeeds where Katy Perry failed by knocking Ed Sheeran off the top of the ARIA album chart |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |first=Cameron |last=Adams |date=June 25, 2017 |accessdate=June 26, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625143116/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/lorde-succeeds-where-katy-perry-failed-by-knocking-ed-sheeran-off-the-top-of-the-aria-album-chart/news-story/25b7d015bc4cb6125e7ebb067c5e24c5 |archivedate=June 25, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> *Canada: 23,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fyimusicnews.ca/articles/2017/06/18/charts-june-19-2017|title=On The Charts: June 19, 2017|publisher=FYIMusicNews|accessdate=June 19, 2017|archivedate=2017-06-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622021230/http://www.fyimusicnews.ca/articles/2017/06/18/charts-june-19-2017}}</ref> *Ufaransa: 30,000+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-106260.html |last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry is already working on her fifth album |publisher=Pure Charts |accessdate=May 12, 2018 |language=French |date=March 4, 2018 }}</ref> *UK: ~60,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-42705445 |last1=Savage |first1=Mark |title=Katy Perry in 'tough conversations' with her record label |publisher=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=January 22, 2018 |date=January 16, 2018 }}</ref> | *ARIA: Gold<ref name="albumsAus2017">{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=album|certyear=2017|accessdate=December 11, 2017}}</ref> *BPI: Silver<ref name="bpi"/> *IFPI AUT: Gold<ref name="IFPIAUT"/> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification"/> *SNEP: Gold<ref name=francecertification/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Smile'' | *Ilitolewa: Agosti 28, 2020 *Lebo: Capitol | 5 || 2 || 8 || 5 || 17 || 14 || 10 || 4 || 8 || 5 | *Marekani: 500,000 *Poland: 10,000 *Norway: 20,000 | *IFPI: Platinum *ZPAV: Gold *RIAA: Gold |- ! scope="row"| ''143'' | *Ilitolewa: Septemba 20, 2024 *Lebo: Capitol | 6 || 2 || 8 || 42 || 14 || 16 || 6 || 9 || 12 || 6 |- |colspan="14" style="font-size:90%;"|"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart. |} ===Albamu zilizotolewa tena=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu zilizotolewa tena, pamoja na nafasi iliyoshika na matunukio yake ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:17em;"| Maelezo ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:11em;"| Mauzo |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Marekani<br><ref name=USalbums/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Australia<br><ref name=aus/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Ubelgiji<br>(FL)<br><ref name="BEL-WA">{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry | title=Discografie Katy Perry | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | accessdate=July 11, 2014 | language=Dutch}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Ubelgiji<br>(WA)<br><ref name="BEL-WA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Finland<br><ref name="FIN">{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/artistit/Katy+Perry/Teenage+Dream%3A+The+Complete+Confection |title=Katy Perry: Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection |language=Finnish |publisher=Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland |accessdate=October 24, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050827/http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/virallinen-lista/artistit/Katy%20Perry/Teenage%20Dream%3A%20The%20Complete%20Confection |archivedate=August 8, 2014 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Ufaransa<br><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Uholanzi<br><ref name="dt40">{{cite web|url=http://www.top40.nl/top40-artiesten/katy-perry |title=Zoekresultaten: Katy Perry |language=Dutch |publisher=[[MegaCharts]]. [[Radio 538]] |accessdate=May 10, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615075315/http://www.top40.nl/top40-artiesten/katy-perry |archivedate=June 15, 2012 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|New Zealand<br><ref name=nz/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Sweden<br><ref name="SWE">{{cite web | url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Katy+Perry | title=Discography Katy Perry | publisher=swedishcharts.com | accessdate=April 3, 2014}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"|Uingereza<br><ref name="uk peaks"/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection'' | *Ilitolewa: Machi 23, 2012 *Lebo: Capitol | 7 || 5 || 14 || 29 || 18 || 4 || 44 || 2 || 47 || 6 | *Duniani: 1,000,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aria.com.au/documents/RIN2013.pdf |publisher=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry |year=2013 |accessdate=March 2, 2015 |title=Recording Industry in Numbers |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409080309/http://www.aria.com.au/documents/RIN2013.pdf |archivedate=April 9, 2013 }}</ref> |- |} ===Orodha ya nyimbo=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya nyimbo alizoimba, pamoja na nafasi iliyoshika, mauzo, mwaka na albamu. ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Jina ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Mauzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Marekani<br /><ref name=Hot100History>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/katy-perry/chart-history/hot-100|title=Katy Perry Chart History: The Hot 100|work=Billboard|accessdate=December 25, 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Australia<br /><ref name=aus /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Austria<br /><ref name=aut /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Canada<br /><ref name=canadasingles>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/katy-perry/chart-history/canadian-hot-100 |title=Katy Perry Chart History: Canadian Hot 100 |accessdate=February 26, 2019 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Ufaransa<br /><ref name="FRA" /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Ujerumani<br /><ref name="GER">{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche/person-89962 |title=Katy Perry: Title Liste |publisher=Offiziellecharts.de |accessdate=May 10, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507105241/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche/person-89962 |archivedate=May 7, 2016 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Italy <br /><ref>Peak positions for Katy Perry singles in Italy: *All except where noted: {{cite web|url=http://italiancharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&artist=Katy+Perry&artist_search=starts&title=&title_search=starts |title=italiancharts.com: Katy Perry (Singles) |work=''italiancharts.com'' |publisher=Hung Medien }} *"The One That Got Away": {{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche#{%22id%22:1002,%22s%22:%223%22} |title=FIMI: Classifica settimanale WK 46 (dal 2011-11-14 al 2011-11-20) |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |accessdate=April 5, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170223205100/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche%23/category:digital/year:2015/id:1671 |archivedate=February 23, 2017 }} *"Part of Me": {{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche#{%22id%22:1015,%22s%22:%223%22} |title=FIMI: Classifica settimanale WK 7 (dal 2012-02-13 al 2012-02-19) |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |accessdate=April 5, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170223205100/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche%23/category:digital/year:2015/id:1671 |archivedate=February 23, 2017 }} *"Wide Awake": {{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche#{%22id%22:1043,%22s%22:%223%22} |title=FIMI: Classifica settimanale WK 35 (dal 2012-08-27 al 2012-09-02) |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |accessdate=April 5, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170223205100/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche%23/category:digital/year:2015/id:1671 |archivedate=February 23, 2017 }} *"Swish Swish": {{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche#/category:digital/year:2015/id:2481/page:1 |title=FIMI: Classifica settimanale WK 21 (dal 2017-05-19 al 2017-05-25) |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |accessdate=June 20, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170223205100/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche%23/category:digital/year:2015/id:1671 |archivedate=February 23, 2017 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| New Zealand<br /><ref name=nz /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Uswisi<br /><ref name=swi /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em; font-size:85%;"| Uingereza<br /><ref name="uk peaks" /> |- ! scope="row"| "I Kissed a Girl" | rowspan="2"| 2008 | 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 | *Duniani: 5,700,000<ref>{{cite web|title= Top 10 Digital Single Tracks 2008 (see pg. 7)|page= 7|url= http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2009.pdf|publisher= International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|year= 2009|accessdate= July 9, 2018|archivedate= 2015-10-04|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6c1v990n3?url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2009.pdf}}</ref> *Marekani: 4,700,000 *Canada: 159,000<ref name=CanadaSales2008>{{cite news|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20090107006186/en/Nielsen-Company-2008-Canadian-Music-Industry-Report|title=2008 Nielsen Music Canada Report|publisher=[[Nielsen SoundScan]]|accessdate=September 21, 2017}}</ref> *Ufaransa: 160,000<ref name="frsinglessales">{{cite web|last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry: What are her 10 biggest hits in France? |url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |accessdate=October 30, 2017 |language=French |date=June 25, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001141856/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104426.html |archivedate=October 1, 2017 |df= }}</ref> *Uingereza: 706,000<ref name="uksales2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perrys-biggest-songs-and-albums-revealed__18136/ |title=Katy Perry's Official biggest hits in the UK revealed |last=Copsey |first=Rob |date=February 8, 2017 |publisher=Chart Masters |accessdate=February 8, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081048/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perrys-biggest-songs-and-albums-revealed__18136/ |archivedate=February 11, 2017 }}</ref> | *RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Singles |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |accessdate=August 30, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GSMovwHm?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm |archivedate=May 8, 2013 }}</ref> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Platinum<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="SWIcert" /> *MC: 7× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="rianz">{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1509 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309024604/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1509 |archivedate=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> *SNEP: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/disqueenfrance.siteo.com/file/disquesor.pdf |title=DISQUES D'OR 2009 TRI.xls |format=PDF |accessdate=December 2, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707122430/http://proxy.siteo.com.s3.amazonaws.com/disqueenfrance.siteo.com/file/disquesor.pdf |archivedate=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> | rowspan="4"| ''One of the Boys'' |- ! scope="row"| "Hot n Cold" | 3 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 10 || 1 || 2 || 5 || 1 || 4 | *Marekani: 5,700,000 *Canada: 140,000 *Ufaransa: 150,000 *Uingereza: 680,494<ref name="MW">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/businessanalysis/read/official-charts-analysis-lorde-single-sells-82k-to-hit-no-1/056526|title=Official Charts Analysis: Lorde single sells 82k to hit No.1|last=Jones|first=Alan|date=October 28, 2013|work=[[Music Week]]|publisher=Intent Media|accessdate=October 28, 2015}}</ref> | *RIAA: 7× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013" /> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Platinum<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="SWIcert" /> *MC: 6× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1521 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717103041/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1521 |archivedate=July 17, 2014 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Thinking of You" | rowspan="2"| 2009 | 29 || 34 || 18 || 24 || 11 || 19 || 14 || — || 45 || 27 | *Marekani: 1,100,000 | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Waking Up in Vegas" | 9 || 11 || 26 || 2 || — || 33 || — || 9 || 69 || 19 | *Marekani: 2,300,000 | *RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Gold<ref name="singlesAus2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accr.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2009 Singles |date=December 31, 2009 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=December 8, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323050712/http://aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accr.htm |archivedate=March 23, 2009 }}</ref> *BPI: Silver<ref name="bpi" /> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Gold<ref name="rianz" /> |- ! scope="row"| "If We Ever Meet Again"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Timbaland]])}} | rowspan="4"| 2010 | 37 || 9 || 10 || 4 || 5 || 9 || 10 || 1 || 7 || 3 | *Ufaransa: 85,000 *Uingereza: 434,000 | *ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2010" /> *BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI Gurls">{{cite web |url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |title=Certified Awards Search: Katy Perry |publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]] |accessdate=September 19, 2011 |format=To access, enter the search parameter "California Gurls" and select "Search by: Title" |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928014038/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |archivedate=September 28, 2011 |df= |https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx }}</ref> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="SWIcert" /> *MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1586 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Charts |date=May 17, 2010 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309041046/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1586 |archivedate=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> | ''Shock Value II'' |- ! scope="row"| "California Gurls"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Snoop Dogg]])}} | 1 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 5 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 1 | *Duniani: 6,700,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Selling Global Digital Singles of 2010 (see pg.13)|page=13|year=2011|url=http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/DMR2011.pdf|publisher=International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|accessdate=July 9, 2018|archivedate=2017-12-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218215126/http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/dmr2011.pdf}}</ref>}} *Marekani: 5,800,000 *Ufaransa: 140,000 *Uingereza: 780,787 | *RIAA: 8× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 6× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.auSINGLEaccreds2011.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2011 Singles |date=April 30, 2011 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=May 3, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515024609/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.auSINGLEaccreds2011.htm |archivedate=May 15, 2011 }}</ref> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI Gurls" /> *BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Platinum<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="SWIcert" /> *MC: 4× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref name="rianz" /> |rowspan="6"| ''Teenage Dream'' |- ! scope="row"| "Teenage Dream" | 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 75 || 6 || 9 || 1 || 8 || 2 | *Marekani: 4,700,000 *Ufaransa: 70,000 | *RIAA: 7× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 6× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013" /> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Gold<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *MC: 4× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1609 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204010229/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1609 |archivedate=December 4, 2013 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Firework" | 1 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 7 || 4 || 4 || 1 || 3 || 3 | *Marekani: 7,239,784<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2009/10/BB-Digital-Songs-Chart-Wk.-Ending-7-06-17.pdf|title=Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 07/06/2017|publisher=[[Nielsen SoundScan]]|accessdate=September 21, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919211328/http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2009/10/BB-Digital-Songs-Chart-Wk.-Ending-7-06-17.pdf|archivedate=September 19, 2017}}</ref> *Ufaransa: 140,000 *Uingereza: 1,091,743<ref name="ukmillion2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-uks-official-chart-millionaires-revealed__20459/|publisher=Official Charts Company|date=September 19, 2017|accessdate=September 19, 2017|title=The UK's Official Chart 'millionaires' revealed|first=Rob|last=Copsey}}</ref> | *RIAA: Diamond<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 8× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013" /> *BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Gold<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="SWIcert" /> *MC: 6× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1631 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309024605/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1631 |archivedate=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "E.T."<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Kanye West]])}} | rowspan=3|2011 | 1 || 5 || 7 || 1 || 10 || 9 || 9 || 1 || 14 || 3 | *Marekani: 5,900,000 *Ufaransa: 65,000 | *RIAA: 8× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2011" /> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Gold<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *MC: 4× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1633 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212901/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1633 |archivedate=March 3, 2016 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | 1 || 5 || 7 || 1 || 22 || 15 || 9 || 4 || 20 || 9 | *Marekani: 3,800,000 | *RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2011" /> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="SWIcert" /> *MC: 4× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1649 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203808/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1649 |archivedate=October 29, 2013 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "The One That Got Away" | 3 || 27 || 19 || 2 || 30 || 34 || 39 || 12 || 33 || 18 | *Marekani: 2,800,000 *Uingereza: ~325,000<ref name="UKsales2013">{{cite web|title=Katy Perry's best selling singles revealed! |first=Justin |last=Myers |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perry-s-best-selling-singles-revealed-__4592/ |publisher=Official Charts Company |date=August 23, 2013 |accessdate=February 9, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222031036/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/katy-perry-s-best-selling-singles-revealed-__4592/ |archivedate=February 22, 2017 }}</ref> | *RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013" /> *BPI: Gold<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1825|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]]|accessdate=July 12, 2013|title=NZ Top 40 Singles – 23 January 2012|archivedate=September 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927233641/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1825}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Part of Me" | rowspan="3"|2012 | 1 || 5 || 18 || 1 || 13 || 20 || 14 || 1 || 33 || 1 | *Marekani: 2,900,000 *Uingereza: 79,079<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Chart Analysis: Paul Weller LP sells 30k, Katy Perry single shifts 79k|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1048947&c=1|work=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=March 26, 2012|date=March 26, 2012}}</ref>}} | *RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2012 Singles |date=February 29, 2012 |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |accessdate=March 16, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6JdeigGMv?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm |archivedate=September 15, 2013 }}</ref> *BPI: Gold<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: 3× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1928 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309024255/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1928 |archivedate=March 9, 2014 }}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''Teenage Dream:<br />The Complete Confection'' |- ! scope="row"| "Wide Awake" | 2 || 4 || 28 || 1 || 33 || 39 || 11 || 1 || 21 || 9 | *Marekani: 3,500,000 *Uingereza: 325,000 | *RIAA: 5× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 6× Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2013" /> *BPI: Gold<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: 3× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1980 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014011651/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1980 |archivedate=October 14, 2013 }}</ref> |-<!-- Do not remove "Hummingbird Heartbeat" as a single. It has been determined on Talk:Hummingbird Heartbeat that it is an OFFICIAL single. Any changes will be quickly reverted.--> ! scope="row"| "[[Hummingbird Heartbeat]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a497691/lady-gaga-robbie-kylie-19-pop-singles-that-should-have-been/ |title=Lady GaGa, Robbie, Kylie: 19 pop singles that should have been |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |last1=Corner |first1=Lewis |last2=Copsey |first2=Robert |date=July 17, 2013 |accessdate=January 5, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420122418/http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a497691/lady-gaga-robbie-kylie-19-pop-singles-that-should-have-been/ |archivedate=April 20, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themusicnetwork.com/music-news/industry/2012/09/24/chart-wrap-up-pink-debuts-at-1-again/|title=Chart wrap-up: Pink debuts at #1... again|work=[[The Music Network]]|last=Gilmore|first=Thomas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926030221/http://www.themusicnetwork.com/music-news/industry/2012/09/24/chart-wrap-up-pink-debuts-at-1-again/|archivedate=September 26, 2012|accessdate=January 5, 2017}}</ref> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | | ''Teenage Dream'' |- ! scope="row"| "Roar" | rowspan="3"| 2013 | 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 5 || 2 || 4 || 1 || 3 || 1 | *Marekani: 6,400,000 *Australia: 560,000 *Ufaransa: 105,000 *Uingereza: 1,112,787 | *RIAA: Diamond<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 11× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20141224-0000/Issue1295.pdf|title=The ARIA Report – Issue #1295|date=December 22, 2014|work=[[ARIA Charts]]|publisher=National Library of Australia|accessdate=December 25, 2014}}</ref> *BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *IFPI AUT: Platinum<ref name="IFPIAUT" /> *MC: 9× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: 4× Platinum<ref name="RMNZ Cert">{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2441 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] |accessdate=March 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6O2ok52Vz?url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2441 |archivedate=March 13, 2014 }}</ref> | rowspan="5"| ''Prism'' |- ! scope="row"| "Unconditionally" | 14 || 11 || 16 || 13 || 38 || 22 || 6 || 26 || 27 || 25 | *Marekani: 1,300,000 | *RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2014" /> *BPI: Silver<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Dark Horse"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Juicy J]])}} | 1 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/pharrell-williams-vs-inxs-on-next-chart-midweek-sales-20140312 |title=Pharrell Williams Vs INXS On Next Chart MIDWEEK SALES |publisher=[[Paul Cashmere|Noise11.com]] |author=Ryan, Gavin |date=March 12, 2014 |accessdate=September 18, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409010031/http://www.noise11.com/news/pharrell-williams-vs-inxs-on-next-chart-midweek-sales-20140312 |archivedate=April 9, 2014 }}</ref> || 2 || 1 || 6 || 6 || 5 || 2 || 4 || 4 | *Duniani: 13,200,000<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goncalves |first1=Julien |title=Katy Perry: The "Dark Horse" video breaks the billion views on YouTube |url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-97570.html |accessdate=October 30, 2017 |language=French |date=June 9, 2015 |publisher=Pure Charts |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920005733/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-97570.html |archivedate=September 20, 2016 |df= }}</ref> *Marekani: 6,300,000 *Canada: 391,000 *Ufaransa: 75,000 *Uingereza: 591,000 | *RIAA: Diamond<ref name="riaa" /> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: 3× Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: 7× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref name="RMNZ Cert" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Birthday" | rowspan="2"| 2014 | 17 || 25 || 51 || 7 || 57 || 69 || 49 || 17 || — || 22 | *Duniani: 1,000,000+<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/35-huge-pop-songs-written-produced-by-keshas-former-mentor-dr-luke/ |title=35 huge songs written by Kesha's former mentor Dr. Luke |publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=May 12, 2018}}</ref> | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2014.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2014 Singles |accessdate=September 6, 2014 |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QbWDqX3X?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2014.htm |archivedate=June 25, 2014 }}</ref> *BPI: Silver<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> |- ! scope="row"| "This Is How We Do" | 24 || 18 || 14 || 9 || 41 || 34 || 41 || 13 || 41 || 33 | *Marekani: 520,885.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2010/10/Billboard-Hot-Digital-Songs-11.16.14.pdf|title=Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 11/16/2014|publisher=[[Nielsen SoundScan]]|accessdate=September 21, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421032003/http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2010/10/Billboard-Hot-Digital-Songs-11.16.14.pdf|archivedate=April 21, 2015|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Platinum<ref name="singlesAus2014" /> *BPI: Silver<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Rise" | 2016 | 11 || 1 || 23 || 13 || 3 || 39 || 51 || 26 || 15 || 25 | *Marekani: 137,000.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7446774/katy-perry-rise-britney-spears-make-me-debut-hot-100 |title=Katy Perry's 'Rise' & Britney Spears' 'Make Me' Debut in Hot 100's Top 20 |first=Gary |last=Trust |work=Billboard |date=July 25, 2016 |accessdate=July 25, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726140448/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7446774/katy-perry-rise-britney-spears-make-me-debut-hot-100 |archivedate=July 26, 2016 }}</ref> *Uingereza: 22,497.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.musicweek.com/analysis/read/official-charts-analysis-drake-equals-wet-wet-wet-s-15-week-stint-at-no-1/065442|title=Official Charts Analysis: Drake equals Wet Wet Wet's 15-week stint at No. 1|last=Jones|first=Alan|date=July 22, 2016|accessdate=July 22, 2016|work=[[Music Week]]|subscription=yes}}</ref> | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=single|certyear=2016|accessdate=February 9, 2017}}</ref> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "Chained to the Rhythm"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Skip Marley]])}} | rowspan="4" | 2017 | 4 || 4 || 7 || 3 || 3 || 6 || 10 || 8 || 6 || 5 | *Duniani: 700,000<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ruelle |first1=Yohann |title="Swish Swish": Katy Perry as a basketball player in the crazy teaser of her new music video |url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104878.html |accessdate=November 4, 2017 |language=French |date=August 21, 2017 |publisher=Pure Charts |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001195301/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Katy-Perry/news-104878.html |archivedate=October 1, 2017 |df= }}</ref> *Marekani: 542,648<ref name=USJune2017>{{cite news|url=http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2009/10/BB-Hot-Digital-Tracks-Wk.-Ending-6-01-17.pdf|title=Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 06/01/2017|publisher=[[Nielsen SoundScan]]|accessdate=September 21, 2017}}</ref> *Canada: 114,799<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.buzzanglemusic.com/wp-content/uploads/BuzzAngle-Music-2017-Canada-Report.pdf|title=BuzzAngle Music 2017 Canada Report|publisher=Buzz Angle Music|accessdate=January 13, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020159/http://www.buzzanglemusic.com/wp-content/uploads/BuzzAngle-Music-2017-Canada-Report.pdf|archivedate=2018-01-14}}</ref> *Ufaransa: 100,000 *Ujerumani: 88,669<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oljo.de/deutsche-download-charts/jahrescharts-downloads.html|title=Song Downloads Yearly Chart 2017 Germany|language=German|publisher=Oljo.de|accessdate=January 21, 2018}}</ref> | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name=ARIA2018/> *BPI: Platinum<ref name="bpi" /> *BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> *FIMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: 3× Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|type=single|artist=Katy Perry feat. Skip Marley|title=Chained to the Rhythm|recent=website|id=4348|accessdate=April 7, 2017}}</ref> *SNEP: Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=France|type=single|artist=Katy Perry|accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> | rowspan="5" | ''Witness'' |- ! scope="row"| "Bon Appétit"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Migos]])}} | 59 || 35 || 64 || 14 || 9 || 47 || 48 || —<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4360|title=NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=May 8, 2017|accessdate=May 5, 2017|archive-date=2017-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728141816/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4360|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 36 || 37 | *Marekani: 50,259 *Australia: 4,358<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adams |first1=Cameron |title=Australian and UK fans serve up stone cold sales for Katy Perry's new single |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/australian-and-uk-fans-serve-up-stone-cold-sales-for-katy-perrys-new-single/news-story/c73131ec0ff137d5afd716ddc646e871 |publisher=[[News.com.au]] |date=May 5, 2017 |accessdate=May 8, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508075419/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/music/australian-and-uk-fans-serve-up-stone-cold-sales-for-katy-perrys-new-single/news-story/c73131ec0ff137d5afd716ddc646e871 |archivedate=May 8, 2017 }}</ref> | *RIAA: Gold<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Gold<ref name=ARIA2018/> *BPI: Silver<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Platinum<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: Gold<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *SNEP: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=France|type=single|artist=Katy Perry feat. Migos|accessdate=August 31, 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Swish Swish"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Nicki Minaj]])}} | 46 || 22 || 69 || 13 || 24 || 76 || 73 || —<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4366 |title=NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart |publisher=Recorded Music NZ |date=May 29, 2017 |accessdate=May 26, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613153426/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4366 |archivedate=June 13, 2017 }}</ref> || 46 || 19 | *Marekani: 165,288<ref name=USSep2017>{{cite news|url=http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2009/10/BB-Digital-Songs-Chart-Wk.-Ending-9-14-17.pdf|title=Nielsen SoundScan charts – Digital Songs – Week Ending: 09/14/2017|publisher=[[Nielsen SoundScan]]|accessdate=September 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919211714/http://www.defjampromo.com/files/2009/10/BB-Digital-Songs-Chart-Wk.-Ending-9-14-17.pdf|archivedate=September 19, 2017}}</ref> | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa" /> *ARIA: Platinum<ref name=ARIA2018/> *BPI: Gold<ref name="bpi" /> *FIMI: Gold<ref name="FIMI certifications" /> *MC: Platinum<ref name="CRIA Certification" /> *SNEP: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=France|type=single|artist=Katy Perry feat. Nicki Minaj|accessdate=March 27, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Save as Draft]]"<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot/Modern/AC Future Releases|url=https://www.allaccess.com/hot-modern-ac/future-releases|publisher=All Access Media Group|accessdate=June 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619205638/https://www.allaccess.com/hot-modern-ac/future-releases|archivedate=June 19, 2017}}</ref> | —<ref name=USadultcont>{{cite journal|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/Katy-Perry/chart-history/adult-contemporary|title=Katy Perry - Chart History: Adult Contemporary|magazine=Billboard|accessdate=December 4, 2018}}</ref> || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| "Hey Hey Hey"<ref name="earone">{{cite news|url=http://www.earone.it/news/katy_perry_hey_hey_hey_radio_date_12_01_2018_27097542/|title=Katy Perry – Hey Hey Hey (Radio Date: 12-01-2018)|publisher=earone.it|accessdate=January 14, 2018|language=Italian}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| 2018 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4373|title=NZ Heatseekers Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=June 19, 2017|accessdate=June 16, 2017|archive-date=2017-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801154352/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4373|url-status=dead}}</ref> || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| "Cozy Little Christmas" | 53 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 23 | | | {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "365"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Zedd]])}} | 2019 | 86 || 38<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/charts/singles-chart|title=ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|date=March 4, 2019|accessdate=March 2, 2019}}</ref> || 70 || 52 || 129<br> || 72 || 68<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/classifiche.kl#/charts/3/2019/8|title=Top Singoli – Classifica settimanale WK 8|publisher=[[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana]]|language=Italian|accessdate=February 23, 2019|archivedate=2020-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318054616/https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/classifiche.kl#/charts/3/2019/8}}</ref> || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4601|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=February 25, 2019|accessdate=February 22, 2019|archive-date=2019-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222095456/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4601|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 59 || 37 | | | |} ==Tuzo== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"| 2010 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | American Music Award for Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa | rowspan="3" align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ward |first1=Kate |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2010/11/21/american-music-awards-see-list-of-winners-here |title=American Music Awards: See list of winners here! |work=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=November 21, 2010 |accessdate=July 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150323102105/http://www.ew.com/article/2010/11/21/american-music-awards-see-list-of-winners-here |archivedate=March 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | ''Teenage Dream'' | American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Album | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="4"| 2011 | rowspan="4"|Katy Perry | Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="4" align="center"|<ref> {{cite journal|last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=AMAs 2011: Katy Perry Surprised With Special Achievement Award |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=November 20, 2011 |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amas-american-music-awards-winners-katy-perry-264203 |accessdate=November 15, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217221240/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amas-american-music-awards-winners-katy-perry-264203 |archivedate=February 17, 2016 |df= }}<br> {{cite journal|last1=Kellogg |first1=Jane |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ama-american-music-awards-katy-perry-bieber-264237 |title=AMAs 2011: Winners and Nominees Complete List |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 20, 2011 |accessdate=July 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627093338/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ama-american-music-awards-katy-perry-bieber-264237 |archivedate=June 27, 2015 |df= }} </ref> |- | American Music Award for Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | American Music Award for Achievement |{{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| American Music Awards of 2012 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1697612/2012-amas-winners-list/ |title=American Music Awards 2012: Complete Winners List |publisher=[[MTV News]] |date=November 18, 2012 |accessdate=July 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103100915/http://www.mtv.com/news/1697612/2012-amas-winners-list/ |archivedate=January 3, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"| 2014 | rowspan="3"|Katy Perry |Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa | rowspan="5" align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-american-music-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominees-20141013-story.html |title=American Music Awards 2014: Complete list of winners and nominees |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 13, 2014 |accessdate=July 20, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707033541/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-american-music-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominees-20141013-story.html |archivedate=July 7, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist | {{won}} |- | Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist | {{won}} |- | ''Prism |Favorite Pop/Rock Album | Aliteuliwa |- | "Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na [[Juicy J]])</small> | [[American Music Award for Single of the Year|Single of the Year]] | {{won}} |} ===APRA Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2011 | "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na [[Snoop Dogg]])}} |International Work of the Year | Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Butler |first1=John |title=2011 APRA Music Awards nominees announced |url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/2011-apra-music-awards-nominees-announced-20110526-1f5c3.html |accessdate=July 20, 2015 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=May 26, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924161302/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/2011-apra-music-awards-nominees-announced-20110526-1f5c3.html |archivedate=September 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ===ARIA Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2010 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Most Popular International Artist | Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/full-list-of-aria-winners-20101107-17j35.html |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |date=November 8, 2010 |title=Full list of ARIA winners |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927010239/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/full-list-of-aria-winners-20101107-17j35.html |archivedate=September 27, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- !scope="row"| 2014 | Best International Artist | Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/48424/2014-aria-awards-full-list-of-nominees |title=2014 ARIA Awards FULL list of nominees |publisher=[[ARIA Charts]] |accessdate=July 21, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710042857/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/48424/2014-aria-awards-full-list-of-nominees# |archivedate=July 10, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}<br> {{cite web |url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/49228/and-the-aria-award-goes-to...-full-winner's-list! |title=And the ARIA Award goes to... Full winner's list! |publisher=ARIA Charts |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231212257/http://ariacharts.com.au/news/49228/and-the-aria-award-goes-to...-full-winner%27s-list%21 |archivedate=December 31, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ===ASCAP Pop Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan=2|2009 |"I Kissed a Girl" |rowspan=16| Most Performed Song | {{won}} |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2009/mostperformedsongs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2009 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919062317/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2009/mostperformedsongs.aspx |archivedate=September 19, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|"Hot n Cold" | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2010 | {{won}} |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2010/Most_Performed_Songs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2010 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127103202/http://ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2010/Most_Performed_Songs.aspx |archivedate=November 27, 2010 |df= }}</ref> |- |"Waking Up in Vegas" | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2011 |"California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | {{won}} |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2011/most_Performed_Songs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2011 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723125204/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2011/most_performed_songs.aspx |archivedate=July 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |"Teenage Dream" | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="4"| 2012 |"Firework" | {{won}} |rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2012/most_performed_songs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2012 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712021130/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2012/most_performed_songs.aspx |archivedate=July 12, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |"Teenage Dream" | {{won}} |- |"E.T." {{small|(pamoja na [[Kanye West]])}} | {{won}} |- |"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2013 |"The One That Got Away" | {{won}} |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2013/most_peformed_songs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2013 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320225832/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2013/most_peformed_songs.aspx |archivedate=March 20, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- |"Part of Me" | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"| "Wide Awake" | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2014 | {{won}} |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2014/most_peformed_songs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2014 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=August 9, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424234635/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2014/most_peformed_songs.aspx |archivedate=April 24, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- |"Roar" | {{won}} |- !scope="row" | 2015 |"Black Widow" | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2015/most-peformed-songs.aspx |title=ASCAP Awards 2015 – Most Performed Songs |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |accessdate=June 29, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505062254/http://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/popawards/2015/most-peformed-songs.aspx |archivedate=May 5, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |} ===''Billboard'' Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="13" |2011 |rowspan="7"|Katy Perry | Fan Favorite Award |Aliteuliwa | rowspan="13" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471540/justin-bieber-taylor-swift-eminem-top-2011-billboard-music-awards |title=Justin Bieber, Taylor Swift, Eminem Top 2011 Billboard Music Awards |work=Billboard |date=May 22, 2011 |accessdate=April 22, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527223348/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471540/justin-bieber-taylor-swift-eminem-top-2011-billboard-music-awards |archivedate=May 27, 2013 |df= }}<br>{{cite news|title=Full 2011 Billboard Music Awards Finalists List |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472097/full-2011-billboard-music-awards-finalists-list |date=April 12, 2011 |accessdate=January 26, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101062240/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472097/full-2011-billboard-music-awards-finalists-list |archivedate=January 1, 2016 }}</ref> |- |Top Hot 100 Artist |{{Won}} |- |Top Female Artist | {{nom}} |- | Top Radio Songs Artist | {{nom}} |- | Top Dance/Club Artirst | {{nom}} |- | Top Digital Songs Artist |{{won}} |- | Pop Artist of the Year | {{nom}} |- |rowspan="3"| "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | Hot 100 Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Top Digital Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan=3| Pop Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |"Firework" | Aliteuliwa |- | "Teenage Dream" | Aliteuliwa |- | ''Teenage Dream'' | Pop Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="10"| 2012 |rowspan="7" |Katy Perry | Billboard Spotlight Award |{{won}} | rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|url=http://abc7.com/archive/8629948/ |title=Billboard Music Awards 2012: Full List of Nominations |publisher=[[KABC-TV]] |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |date=May 20, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006152126/http://abc7.com/archive/8629948/ |archivedate=October 6, 2014 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|title=Photos of Katy Perry |url=http://www.mtv.com/artists/katy-perry/photos/7168970/ |publisher=MTV |accessdate=January 26, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629215154/http://www.mtv.com/artists/katy-perry/photos/7168970/ |archivedate=June 29, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- | Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Hot 100 Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Radio Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Digital Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Pop Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"| "E.T." | Hot 100 Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Digital Song |Aliteuliwa |- | Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"|2013 |rowspan="7"|Katy Perry | Top Social Artist |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Billboard Music Awards winners and nominees – complete list |url=http://www.hitfix.com/news/2013-billboard-music-awards-winners-and-nominees-complete-list |publisher=[[HitFix]] |accessdate=June 15, 2015 |date=May 19, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701060115/http://www.hitfix.com/news/2013-billboard-music-awards-winners-and-nominees-complete-list |archivedate=July 1, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="10" |2014 | Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa | rowspan=10 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Billboard Music Awards 2014|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbma/winners|accessdate=June 16, 2015|work=Billboard|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://www.billboard.com/bbma/winners|archivedate=January 21, 2016}}</ref> |- | Top Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Top Hot 100 Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Digital Songs Artist |{{won}} |- | Top Radio Songs Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Top Streaming Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|"Roar" | Top Hot 100 Song | Aliteuliwa |- | Top Digital Song | Aliteuliwa |- | Top Radio Song | Aliteuliwa |- | Top Streaming Song (Video) | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2015 |rowspan="3"|Katy Perry | Top Artist |Aliteuliwa | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/bbma-2015/6524277/billboard-music-awards-2015-finalists |title=Billboard Music Awards 2015: See the Full List of Finalists |work=Billboard |date=April 7, 2015 |accessdate=April 7, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409005544/http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/bbma-2015/6524277/billboard-music-awards-2015-finalists |archivedate=April 9, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Touring Artist |Aliteuliwa |} ===''Billboard'' Latin Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2012 | Katy Perry | Crossover Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa | align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|title=2012 Billboard Latin Music Awards Complete Winners List |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/46460/2012-billboard-latin-music-awards-complete-winners-list |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |work=Billboard |date=April 26, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930095522/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/46460/2012-billboard-latin-music-awards-complete-winners-list |archivedate=September 30, 2015 |df= }}</ref> {{end}} ===''Billboard'' Touring Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2011 | Katy Perry | Breakthrough Act |Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/465316/billboard-touring-awards-u2-bon-jovi-take-that-are-top-finalists |title=Billboard Touring Awards: U2, Bon Jovi, Take That Are Top Finalists |work=Billboard |date=November 4, 2011 |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115070125/http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/465316/billboard-touring-awards-u2-bon-jovi-take-that-are-top-finalists |archivedate=November 15, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/465192/billboard-touring-awards-u2-journey-jason-aldean-win-big |title=Billboard Touring Awards: U2, Journey, Jason Aldean Win Big |work=Billboard |date=November 10, 2011 |accessdate=January 25, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20131115214831/http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fphotos%2Flive%2F465192%2Fbillboard-touring-awards-u2-journey-jason-aldean-win-big |archivedate=November 15, 2013 |df= }} </ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2014 | rowspan="2"| Prismatic World Tour | Top Package |{{won}} |rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/bb-touring-conference/6327215/one-direction-touring-awards-winners |title=One Direction, Lionel Richie & Katy Perry Win at Billboard Touring Awards |work=Billboard |date=November 20, 2014 |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115070146/http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/bb-touring-conference/6327215/one-direction-touring-awards-winners |archivedate=November 15, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6304043/billboard-touring-awards-finalists-list-2014 |title=Billboard Touring Awards Finalists Announced |work=Billboard |date=October 30, 2014 |accessdate=January 25, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701090738/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6304043/billboard-touring-awards-finalists-list-2014 |archivedate=July 1, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Concert Marketing & Promotion Award |Aliteuliwa |- |} === ''Billboard'' Women in Music === {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2012 | Katy Perry | Woman of the Year |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/474944/katy-perry-is-billboards-woman-of-the-year |title=Katy Perry Is Billboard's Woman of the Year |work=Billboard |date=September 25, 2012 |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108172112/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/474944/katy-perry-is-billboards-woman-of-the-year |archivedate=November 8, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ===BMI Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2012 |rowspan="2"|"Firework" |Pop Song of the Year | {{won}} |rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/carole_king_named_bmi_icon_at_60th_annual_bmi_pop_awards |title=Carole King Named BMI Icon at 60th Annual BMI Pop Awards |publisher=Broadcast Music, Inc. |date=May 16, 2012 |accessdate=May 31, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101815/http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/carole_king_named_bmi_icon_at_60th_annual_bmi_pop_awards/ |archivedate=May 18, 2015 }}</ref> |- |rowspan="9"|Award Winning Songs | {{won}} |- |"Teenage Dream" | {{won}} |- |"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F)" | {{won}} |- |"California Gurls" | {{won}} |- !scope="row"|2014 |"Roar" |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/stevie_nicks_and_top_songwriters_honored_at_62nd_annual_bmi_pop_awards |title=Stevie Nicks and Top Songwriters Honored at 62nd Annual BMI Pop Awards |publisher=Broadcast Music, Inc. |date=May 14, 2014 |accessdate=May 9, 2018 }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2015 |"Dark Horse" |{{won}} |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2015_bmi_pop_awards |title=P!nk Receives President’s Award at 63rd Annual BMI Pop Awards |publisher=Broadcast Music, Inc. |date=May 13, 2015 |accessdate=May 13, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408002639/http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2015_bmi_pop_awards |archivedate=April 8, 2016 }}</ref> |- |"Birthday" |{{won}} |- |"Black Widow" |{{won}} |- !scope="row"|2018 |"Chained to the Rhythm" |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2018-bmi-pop-awards |title=Mark Ronson Receives the BMI Champion Award at the 66th BMI Pop Awards |publisher=Broadcast Music, Inc. |date=May 8, 2018 |accessdate=May 9, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509155757/https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2018-bmi-pop-awards |archivedate=May 9, 2018 }}</ref> {{end}} ===BreakTudo Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !rowspan="1" scope="row"| 2016 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | rowspan="2"|International Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="1" align="center"|<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title= A Fazenda: Marcos Harter, Emilly Araújo e Vivian Amorim estão concorrendo no BreakTudo Awards 2017|URL= http://oportaln10.com.br/fazenda-marcos-harter-emilly-araujo-e-vivian-amorim-estao-concorrendo-no-breaktudo-awards-2017-67544/|work= Portal N10|access-date= 2016-10-11|archive-date= 2017-09-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170917033419/http://oportaln10.com.br/fazenda-marcos-harter-emilly-araujo-e-vivian-amorim-estao-concorrendo-no-breaktudo-awards-2017-67544/|url-status= dead}}</ref> |- !rowspan="2" scope="row"| 2017 | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title= A Fazenda: Marcos Harter, Emilly Araújo e Vivian Amorim estão concorrendo no BreakTudo Awards 2017|URL= http://oportaln10.com.br/fazenda-marcos-harter-emilly-araujo-e-vivian-amorim-estao-concorrendo-no-breaktudo-awards-2017-67544/|work= Portal N10|access-date= 2016-10-11|archive-date= 2017-09-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170917033419/http://oportaln10.com.br/fazenda-marcos-harter-emilly-araujo-e-vivian-amorim-estao-concorrendo-no-breaktudo-awards-2017-67544/|url-status= dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1"|''Bon Apétit'' | rowspan="1"|Best Video | Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===Brit Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2009 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | rowspan="2"|Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist | {{won}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/4692628/Brit-Awards-2009-Full-list-of-winners.html |title=Brit Awards 2009: Full list of winners |date=February 18, 2009 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712101104/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/4692628/Brit-Awards-2009-Full-list-of-winners.html |archivedate=July 12, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2011 | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=2 align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jan/13/brit-awards-tinie-tempah-nominations |title=Brit awards: Tinie Tempah shines with four nominations |date=January 13, 2011 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |first=Alexandra |last=Topping |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222185925/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jan/13/brit-awards-tinie-tempah-nominations |archivedate=December 22, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | ''Teenage Dream'' | International Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"|2014 | Katy Perry | International Female Solo Artist | Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a534370/james-corden-to-quit-hosting-the-brit-awards-after-2014.html |title=James Corden to quit hosting the Brit Awards after 2014 |date=November 28, 2013 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |accessdate=November 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092314/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a534370/james-corden-to-quit-hosting-the-brit-awards-after-2014.html |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2018 | rowspan="2"|"Feels" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]], [[Pharrell Williams]] & [[Big Sean]]) | British Single of the Year | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=2 align="center"|<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.brits.co.uk/nominees |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207020755/http://www.brits.co.uk/nominees |archive-date=February 7, 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |- | British Video of the Year | |} ===Channel V Thailand Music Video Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2009 |rowspan="2"|Katy Perry |Popular International New Artist |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelvthailand.com/v2/news_detail.php?id=135 |language=Korean|title= Channel V Thailand Music Video Award|publisher=Channelvthailand.com|accessdate=September 12, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002035939/http://www.channelvthailand.com/v2/news_detail.php?id=135|archivedate=October 2, 2011}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2011 |Popular International Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |} ===CMT Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2015 |"Roar" <small>(pamoja na [[Kacey Musgraves]])</small> |CMT Performance of the Year¨ |Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmt.com/cmt-music-awards/2015.jhtml |title=2015 CMT Music Awards |publisher=CMT |accessdate=July 16, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719005001/http://www.cmt.com/cmt-music-awards/2015.jhtml |archivedate=July 19, 2015 |df= }}</ref> {{end}} ===Do Something! Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2012 | Katy Perry | Best Music Artist | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/do-something-awards-2012-winners-and-best-dressed-vh1s-annual-charitable-award-show-photos-750678 |title=Do Something Awards 2012: Winners And Best Dressed At VH1's Annual Charitable Award Show |work=International Business Times |first=Nadine |last=DeNinno |accessdate=December 18, 2015 |date=August 20, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222143010/http://www.ibtimes.com/do-something-awards-2012-winners-and-best-dressed-vh1s-annual-charitable-award-show-photos-750678 |archivedate=December 22, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ===''Elle'' Style Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2014 | Katy Perry | Woman of the Year | {{won}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elleuk.com/elle-style-awards/katy-perry-wins-elle-woman-of-the-year-at-the-elle-style-awards-2014/ |title=Katy Perry wins ELLE Woman Of The Year |work=Elle |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |date=February 18, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235557/http://www.elleuk.com/elle-style-awards/katy-perry-wins-elle-woman-of-the-year-at-the-elle-style-awards-2014/ |archivedate=September 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- {{end}} ===Emmy Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2015 |''Super Bowl XLIX halftime show Starring Katy Perry '' | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program | Aliteuliwa | align="center"|<ref>{{cite journal|title=Creative Arts Emmys: Winners List (Live Updates) |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=September 12, 2015 |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/creative-arts-emmys-2015-winners-list-nominees-1201592186/ |accessdate=September 12, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913010512/http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/creative-arts-emmys-2015-winners-list-nominees-1201592186/ |archivedate=September 13, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ===Eska Music Awards=== {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2009 |''One of the Boys'' |Best-Selling Album in Poland | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=ESKA Awards 2009 |url=http://ema2009.eska.pl/ |publisher=[[Eska Awards|ESKA Music Awards]] |date=September 6, 2009 |accessdate=August 27, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323095512/http://ema2009.eska.pl/ |archivedate=March 23, 2009 |df= }}</ref> |- {{end table}} ===''Glamour'' Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2009 |Katy Perry |Newcomer of the Year |{{won}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duck |first1=Charlotte |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2009/06/02/glamour-award-winners-2009 |title=Glamour Award Winners 2009 |work=Glamour |date=June 2, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211164203/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2009/06/02/glamour-award-winners-2009 |archivedate=February 11, 2015 |df=mdy-all |access-date=February 11, 2015 }}</ref> |- {{end table}} ===Global Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !rowspan="2" scope="row"|2018 |rowspan="2"|Katy Perry |Best Female |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.capitalfm.com/news/global-awards-2017-vote-now|title=Global Awards Vote Open |work=globalawards.com|accessdate=20 December 2017}}</ref> |- |Mass Appeal Award |Aliteuliwa |- {{end table}} ===Grammy Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2009 | "I Kissed a Girl" |rowspan="3"|Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1604545/grammy-2009-winners-list/ |title=Grammy 2009 Winners List |publisher=MTV News |date=February 8, 2009 |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017055802/http://www.mtv.com/news/1604545/grammy-2009-winners-list/ |archivedate=October 17, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2010 | "Hot n Cold" | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=52nd Annual Grammy Awards winners: A complete list |url=http://www.hitfix.com/articles/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list |publisher=HitFix |accessdate=January 14, 2014 |date=January 31, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115034835/http://www.hitfix.com/articles/52-annual-grammy-awards-winners-a-complete-list |archivedate=January 15, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="4"| 2011 | "Teenage Dream" | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=4 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/la-et-env-grammys-nominees-2010-list-htmlstory.html |title=Grammy Awards 2011: Winners and nominees for 53rd Grammy Awards |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513020610/http://www.latimes.com/la-et-env-grammys-nominees-2010-list-htmlstory.html |archivedate=May 13, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|''Teenage Dream'' | Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album | Aliteuliwa |- | "California Gurls" | Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2012 | rowspan="2"|"Firework" | Grammy Award for Record of the Year | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/grammy-awards-2012-winners-whitney-houston-death-adele-289778 |date=February 12, 2012 |title=Grammy Awards 2012: Complete Winners And Nominees List |work=The Hollywood Reporter |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122045320/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/grammy-awards-2012-winners-whitney-houston-death-adele-289778 |archivedate=January 22, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"|Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"| 2013 | "Wide Awake" | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9862151/Grammys-2013-full-winners-list.html |date=February 11, 2013 |title=Grammys 2013: full winners list |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924203300/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9862151/Grammys-2013-full-winners-list.html |archivedate=September 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2014 | rowspan="2"|"Roar" | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-grammy-nominations-winners-list-story.html |date=January 26, 2014 |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |title=Grammys 2014: The complete list of nominees and winners |work=Los Angeles Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304121852/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-grammy-nominations-winners-list-story.html |archivedate=March 4, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Grammy Award for Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2015 | "Dark Horse" |Best Pop Duo/Group Performance | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-grammys-2015-nominees-winners-list-story.html |title=Grammys 2015: Complete list of winners and nominees |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 8, 2015 |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113092219/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-grammys-2015-nominees-winners-list-story.html |archivedate=November 13, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | ''Prism'' |Best Pop Vocal Album | Aliteuliwa |} ===Guinness World Records=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2010 | rowspan="3"| Katy Perry | Best Start on the US Digital Chart by a Female Artist | {{won}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite book|last=Glenday|first=Craig|title=[[Guinness World Records]] 2010|date=2010|publisher=[[Random House]]|isbn=978-1-904994-50-3|ref=harv|p=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00vari/page/404 405]}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2013 | First Female with Five Number One US singles from One Album | {{won}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite book|last=Glenday|first=Craig|title=Guinness World Records 2013|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780345547118|date=2013|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-904994-87-9|ref=harv|p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780345547118/page/422 423]}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2015 | Most Twitter Followers | {{won}} |align="center"|<ref name=Guinness2015>{{cite journal|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/wherever-they-may-roam-metallica-set-guinness-world-record-for-touring-20140904 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=September 4, 2014 |accessdate=September 4, 2014 |first=Kory |last=Grow |title=Wherever They May Roam: Metallica Set Guinness World Record for Touring |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905012331/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/wherever-they-may-roam-metallica-set-guinness-world-record-for-touring-20140904 |archivedate=September 5, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2016 | Super Bowl XLIX halftime show | Most Viewed Halftime Performance | {{won}} |align="center"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Angert |first=Alex |title=Super Bowl XLIX: How Brady, Belichick and Katy Perry's shark ensured the records tumbled |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/2/super-bowl-xlix-how-brady-belichick-and-katy-perrys-shark-ensured-the-records |accessdate=November 14, 2015 |work=Guinness World Records |date=February 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117062521/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/2/super-bowl-xlix-how-brady-belichick-and-katy-perrys-shark-ensured-the-records |archivedate=November 17, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ===Human Rights Campaign Gala=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- |2017 |Katy Perry |National Equality Award |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite news|last=Weaver|first=Hilary|title=Katy Perry and America Ferrera to be Honored by Human Rights Campaign|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/03/katy-perry-america-ferrera-to-be-honored-by-hrc|accessdate=April 2, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> |} ===iHeartRadio Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2015 | "Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na Juicy J)</small> | Best Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vain |first1=Madison |title=iHeart Radio Music Awards 2015: And the winners are... |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/29/iheart-radio-awards-winners-list |accessdate=June 14, 2015 |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=March 29, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625142415/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/29/iheart-radio-awards-winners-list |archivedate=June 25, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"| 2016 | Katy Perry and the Left Shark | Most Meme-able Moment | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7318843/iheartradio-music-awards-2016-winners-list |title=iHeartRadio Music Awards 2016: See the Full Winners List |work=Billboard |date=April 3, 2016 |accessdate=April 3, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404070606/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7318843/iheartradio-music-awards-2016-winners-list |archivedate=April 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"| 2017 | KatyCats | Best Fan Army | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.iheart.com/news/heres-the-complete-list-of-iheartradio-15616268/ |first=Isha |last=Thorpe |publisher=[[iHeartRadio]] |title=Here's The Complete List Of #iHeartAwards Winners |date=March 5, 2017 |accessdate=March 5, 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409080744/https://www.iheart.com/news/heres-the-complete-list-of-iheartradio-15616268/ |archivedate=April 9, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |- |} ===Juno Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2011 |''Teenage Dream'' |rowspan="2"|[[Juno Award for International Album of the Year|International Album Of The Year]] |{{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 JUNO Gala Dinner & Award Winners |url=https://junoawards.ca/2011-juno-gala-dinner-award-winners/ |publisher=Juno Awards |date=March 26, 2011 |accessdate=June 18, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127131849/https://junoawards.ca/2011-juno-gala-dinner-award-winners/ |archivedate=January 27, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2015 |''Prism'' |{{nom}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|last1=Bliss |first1=Karen |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/grammys-2015/6451070/juno-awards-nominations |title=Magic!, Kiesza and Leonard Cohen Lead Juno Awards Nominations |work=Billboard |accessdate=January 27, 2015 |date=January 27, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130011353/http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/grammys-2015/6451070/juno-awards-nominations |archivedate=January 30, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2015/03/14/juno-awards-2015-list-of-winners.html |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=March 14, 2015 |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |first=Ben |last=Rayner |title=Juno Awards 2015: List of Saturday's winners |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420063000/http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2015/03/14/juno-awards-2015-list-of-winners.html |archivedate=April 20, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |} ===LOS40 Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2014 | ''Prism'' | Premios 40 Principales for Best International Album |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Premios 40 Principales |url=http://los40.com/especiales/2014/conciertos-40/premios-40-principales/2014/ganadores/ |publisher=Los Premios 40 Principales |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130093830/http://los40.com/especiales/2014/conciertos-40/premios-40-principales/2014/ganadores/ |archivedate=January 30, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |- | "Dark Horse" <small>(featuring Juicy J)</small> | Premios 40 Principales for Best International Video |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"|2017 |"Chained to the Rhythm" <small>(featuring Skip Marley)</small> | Premios 40 Principales for Best International Video |Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Ganadores de LOS40 Music Awards 2017|url=http://los40.com/especiales/los40-music-awards/2017/ganadores/|website=LOS40|accessdate=29 November 2017|language=Spanish|archivedate=2018-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819083100/http://los40.com/especiales/los40-music-awards/2017/ganadores/}}</ref> {{end}} ===Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica=== {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"| 2008 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best New Artist — International | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harris |first1=Chris |title=Metallica To Perform At Los Premios MTV Latin America 2008 |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1596429/metallica-to-perform-at-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008/ |publisher=MTV |accessdate=December 14, 2015 |date=October 6, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222075809/http://www.mtv.com/news/1596429/metallica-to-perform-at-los-premios-mtv-latin-america-2008/ |archivedate=December 22, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Fashionista — Female | Aliteuliwa |- | "I Kissed a Girl" | Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2009 | "Hot n Cold" | Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Best Ringtone | {{won}} |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.notisistema.com/noticias/?p=210763|title=Lista de nominados a los premios MTV Latinos|publisher=Notisistema|accessdate=September 4, 2009|date=September 1, 2009|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925145134/http://www.notisistema.com/noticias/?p=210763|archivedate=September 25, 2009 }}</ref> |- | Katy Perry | Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica for Fashionista — Female | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===MTV Australia Awards=== {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2009 | Katy Perry |Best Breakthrough | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginmedia.com/music/pictures/awards/mtv-australia-awards-2009.php?ssid=3|title=MTV Australia awards 2009|publisher=[[Virgin Media]]|accessdate=January 24, 2016|archive-date=2024-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210060059/https://www.virginmedia.com/virgin-tv-edit|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} ===MTV Europe Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2008 | "I Kissed a Girl" | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|last1=Kaufman |first1=Gil |title=Americans Katy Perry, Britney Spears, Kanye West, 30 Seconds To Mars Dominate 2008 MTV EMAs |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1598808/americans-katy-perry-britney-spears-kanye-west-30-seconds-to-mars-dominate-2008-mtv-emas/ |publisher=MTV |accessdate=December 14, 2015 |date=November 7, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104093607/http://www.mtv.com/news/1598808/americans-katy-perry-britney-spears-kanye-west-30-seconds-to-mars-dominate-2008-mtv-emas/ |archivedate=November 4, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=44103 |publisher=[[Top40-Charts]] |title=2008 MTV Europe Music Awards Winners List |date=November 7, 2008 |accessdate=January 21, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126194607/http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=44103 |archivedate=January 26, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- | rowspan="2"| Katy Perry | MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2009 | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Female | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.music-news.com/news/UK/29356/Read |title=Lady Gaga and Kings of Leon nominated for five MTV EMAs |publisher=Music News |accessdate=January 21, 2016 |date=September 23, 2009 }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/beyonce-knowles/news/beyonce-dazzles-mtv-europe-music-awards/ |title=Beyonce dazzles at the MTV Europe music awards |accessdate=January 21, 2016 |publisher=Capital FM |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202042133/http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/beyonce-knowles/news/beyonce-dazzles-mtv-europe-music-awards/ |archivedate=February 2, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- | "Waking Up in Vegas" | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"| 2010 | rowspan="3"| Katy Perry | Best Female | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2296702/mtv-ema-2010-vote/ |title=MTV EMA 2010: Last Chance To Vote! |first=Nicole |last=James |publisher=MTV News |date=November 3, 2010 |accessdate=January 21, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214114330/http://www.mtv.com/news/2296702/mtv-ema-2010-vote/ |archivedate=February 14, 2016 |df= }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=60849 |date=November 9, 2010 |accessdate=January 21, 2016 |publisher=Top40-Charts |title=Lady Gaga And Justin Bieber Top Winners At MTV EMA 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126074125/http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=60849 |archivedate=January 26, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Pop | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best World Stage Performance | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"| "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | Best Video | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2011 | rowspan="4"| Katy Perry | Best Female | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/events/mtv-emas/news/leads-2011-nominations/ |title=Lady Gaga Leads The 2011 MTV EMA Nominations |publisher=Capital |accessdate=September 19, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925164925/http://www.capitalfm.com/events/mtv-emas/news/leads-2011-nominations/ |archivedate=September 25, 2011 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15614714 |title=Lady Gaga dominates MTV Europe Music Awards in Belfast |date=November 7, 2011 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=November 7, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106213142/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-15614714 |archivedate=November 6, 2011 |df= }} </ref> |- | Best Pop | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Live Act | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best North American Act | Aliteuliwa |- | "Firework" | Best Song | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="4"| 2012 | rowspan="3"| Katy Perry | Best Female | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1693912/2012-ema-nominations-taylor-swift/ |title=Taylor Swift, Rihanna Rule 2012 MTV EMA Nominations |publisher=MTV News |last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |date=September 17, 2012 |accessdate=May 13, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714040427/http://www.mtv.com/news/1693912/2012-ema-nominations-taylor-swift/ |archivedate=July 14, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1697148/2012-ema-winners-list/ |title=MTV EMA 2012 Complete Winners List |publisher=MTV News |last=Wolkoff |first=Carly |date=November 11, 2012 |accessdate=January 21, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115101842/http://www.mtv.com/news/1697148/2012-ema-winners-list/ |archivedate=January 15, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- | Best Pop | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Biggest Fans | Aliteuliwa |- | "Wide Awake" | Best Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2013 | rowspan="2"| Katy Perry | Best Female | {{won}} |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1717181/ema-winners-list-2013/ |title=2013 MTV EMA: The Complete Winners List |publisher=MTV News |date=November 10, 2013 |accessdate=May 13, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216075525/http://www.mtv.com/news/1717181/ema-winners-list-2013/ |archivedate=December 16, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- | Best Pop | Aliteuliwa |- |- !scope="row" rowspan="7"|2014 | rowspan="5"|Katy Perry | Best Female | Aliteuliwa | rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|last1=Ehrlich |first1=Brenna |title=2014 MTV EMA Nominations: Get The Full List |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1931931/2014-mtv-ema-nominations/ |accessdate=June 18, 2015 |publisher=MTV |date=September 16, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701124745/http://www.mtv.com/news/1931931/2014-mtv-ema-nominations/ |archivedate=July 1, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|first=Sinead |last=Garvan |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/29983028 |title=One Direction win three MTV Europe Music Awards in Glasgow |date=November 9, 2014 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=November 10, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111110857/http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/29983028 |archivedate=November 11, 2014 |df= }} </ref> |- | Best Pop | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Look | {{won}} |- | Best Live Act | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Europe Music Award for Best US Act | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"|"Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na Juicy J)</small> | MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Video | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan=2| 2015 |rowspan="3"|Katy Perry |Best Live Act |Aliteuliwa | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=2015 MTV EMA: See The Full Winners List |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2360044/2015-ema-winners-list/ |accessdate=December 20, 2015 |date=October 25, 2015 |publisher=MTV News |first=Patrick |last=Hosken |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103111/http://www.mtv.com/news/2360044/2015-ema-winners-list/ |archivedate=December 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"| Biggest Fans |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan=2| 2017 |Aliteuliwa | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite magazine|title=2017 MTV EMAs Winners List|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/11/2017-mtv-emas-winners-list/ |date=November 12, 2017 |accessdate=November 13, 2017 |magazine=XXL |first=C. Vernon |last=Coleman II }}</ref> |- |"Bon Appétit" {{small|(pamoja na [[Migos]])}} |Best Video |Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Italian Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2009 |rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Best New Artist |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Mtv Europe Music Awards 2009: ecco i candidati al Best Italian Act |url=http://www.musicroom.it/articolo/mtv-europe-music-awards-2009-ecco-i-candiadati-al-best-italian-act/8677/ |publisher=Musicroom |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |language=Italian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222101454/http://www.musicroom.it/articolo/mtv-europe-music-awards-2009-ecco-i-candiadati-al-best-italian-act/8677/ |archivedate=December 22, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="6"| 2011 | Best Artist With A Cameraphone | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|language=Italian|url=http://www.mtv.it/trlawards/vota-sms.asp|title=TRL Awards 2011|publisher=MTV Italy|accessdate=July 30, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221084116/http://www.mtv.it/trlawards/vota-sms.asp|archivedate=February 21, 2011}}</ref> |- | "E.T." {{small|(pamoja na Kanye West)}} | Best Lyrics Video | Aliteuliwa |- |"Catfight" <small> (pamoja na [[Rihanna]]) </small> |Favorite Animated GIF | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|Katy Perry | Best Look |Aliteuliwa |- | Too Much Award |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |Wonder Woman Award |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2012 |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|language=Italian|url=http://trlawards.mtv.it/vota/|title=TRL Awards 2012|publisher=MTV Italy|accessdate=July 30, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611012900/http://trlawards.mtv.it/vota/|archivedate=June 11, 2012}}</ref> |- | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | Best Video |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2014 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Wonder Woman Award |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Mtv Awards 2014: le migliori esibizioni e i vincitori |url=http://www.panorama.it/musica/mtv-awards-2014-guarda/ |accessdate=December 14, 2015 |work=[[Panorama (magazine)|Panorama]] |date=June 21, 2014 |language=Italian |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024094257/http://www.panorama.it/musica/mtv-awards-2014-guarda/ |archivedate=October 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2015 | rowspan="3"|Katy Perry | Twittstar Awards |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref>{{cite web|url=mtvawards.mtv.it/vincitori-2015}}</ref> |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- |#MTVAwardsStar |{{nom}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2016 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | #MTVAwardsStar |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=mtvawards.mtv.it/vincitori-2016}}</ref> |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2017 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Best International Female |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=mtvawards.mtv.it/vota}}</ref> |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===MTV Video Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"| 2008 | rowspan="5"| "I Kissed a Girl" | MTV Video Music Award for Best Art Direction | Aliteuliwa | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2008/ |title=2008 MTV Video Music Awards ;– Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2008 MTV VMAs |publisher=MTV |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214094318/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2008/ |archivedate=December 14, 2009 |df= }}</ref> |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Editing | Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3"|MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"| 2009 | "Hot n Cold" | Aliteuliwa | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2009/ |title=2009 MTV Video Music Awards – Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2009 MTV VMAs |publisher=MTV |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212200706/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2009/ |archivedate=February 12, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2010 | rowspan="2"| "California Gurls" <small>(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)</small> | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=2010 MTV Video Music Awards |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2010/ |accessdate=October 30, 2015 |publisher=MTV |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205094153/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2010/ |archivedate=February 5, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Pop Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="10"| 2011 | "Teenage Dream" | Best Cinematography |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2011/ |title=2011 MTV Video Music Awards – Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2011 MTV VMAs |publisher=MTV |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203142212/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2011/ |archivedate=February 3, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |rowspan="3"| Firework" |MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best Female Video |Aliteuliwa |- |MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Message |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"| "E.T." <small>(pamoja na Kanye West)</small> |MTV Video Music Award for Best Collaboration |{{Won}} |- |Best Art Direction |Aliteuliwa |- |MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Editing |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Special Effects |{{Won}} |- | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" |Best Pop Video |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="4"| 2012 |rowspan="3"| "Wide Awake" |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa | rowspan="4" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2012/ |title=2012 MTV Video Music Awards&nbsp;– Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2012 MTV VMAs |publisher=MTV |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125110439/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2012/ |archivedate=January 25, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |Best Visual Effects | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Art Direction | {{won}} |- |"Part of Me" |rowspan="2"|Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2014 |rowspan="2"|"Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na Juicy J)</small> |{{win}} |rowspan="3" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/ |title=2014 MTV Video Music Awards – Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2014 MTV VMAs |publisher=MTV |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312163248/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2014/ |archivedate=March 12, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |"Birthday" |Best Lyric Video | Aliteuliwa |- |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2017 |rowspan="3"|"Chained to the Rhythm" <small>(pamoja na [[Skip Marley]])</small> |Best Pop |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" align="center"|<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2017/08/mtv-vmas-2017-winners-list|author=Khal|magazine=Complex|date=August 27, 2017|accessdate=August 27, 2017|title=Here Are All the Winners of the 2017 MTV VMAs|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201155352/https://www.complex.com/music/2017/08/mtv-vmas-2017-winners-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Best Direction |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Visual Effects |Aliteuliwa |- |"Feels" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]], [[Pharrell Williams]] & [[Big Sean]]) |Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |"Bon Appétit" <small>(pamoja na [[Migos]])</small> |Best Art Direction |Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Video Music Awards Japan=== {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2009 | Katy Perry | MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best New Artist | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hoban |first1=Alex |title=Turning Japanese: MTV video music awards Japan 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/02/mtv-japan-awards-2009 |accessdate=December 14, 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=June 2, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207130055/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/02/mtv-japan-awards-2009 |archivedate=December 7, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | "I Kissed a Girl" | MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Pop Video | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2011 | rowspan="3" | "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | MTV Video Music Award Japan for Best Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtvjapan.com/vmaj2011/nominee/ |title=MTV Video Music Aid Japan |accessdate=June 19, 2015 |date=June 26, 2011 |publisher=MTV Japan |language=Japanese |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807185949/http://www.mtvjapan.com/vmaj2011/nominee/ |archivedate=August 7, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Best Pop Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|MTV Video Music Award Japan for Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2014 | rowspan="2" | "Roar" | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|language=Japanese|url=http://www.mtvjapan.com/vmaj2014/jp-best-pop-video/|title=最優秀ポップビデオ賞 Best Pop Video|publisher=MTV Japan|accessdate=December 14, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730214907/http://www.mtvjapan.com/vmaj2014/jp-best-pop-video/|archivedate=July 30, 2015}}</ref> |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" |2017 | "Bon Appétit" | MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video | {{won}} |} ===MuchMusic Video Awards==- {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2009 | "I Kissed a Girl" |People's Choice: Favourite International Video (MMVA Award) | Aliteuliwa | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmva.muchmusic.com/category/nominees|title=MuchMusic Video Awards 2009 Nominees|publisher=MuchMusic|accessdate=July 30, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530064813/http://mmva.muchmusic.com/category/nominees|archivedate=May 30, 2009}}</ref> |- | "Hot n Cold" | rowspan=2| Best International Artist Video (MMVA Award) | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2010 | "Waking Up In Vegas" | Aliteuliwa | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmva.muchmusic.com/awards|publisher=[[Much Music Video Awards]]|accessdate=April 16, 2015|title=2010 Much Music Video Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605075937/http://mmva.muchmusic.com/awards|archivedate=June 5, 2010}}</ref> |- | "Starstrukk" <small>(pamoja na 3OH!3)</small> | Best International Group Video (MMVA Award) | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2011 | "E.T." <small>(pamoja na Kanye West)</small> | International Video of the Year – Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmva.muchmusic.com/nominees/|publisher=Much Music Video Awards|accessdate=April 16, 2015|title=2011 Much Music Video Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131806/http://mmva.muchmusic.com/nominees/|archivedate=July 14, 2011}}</ref> |- | "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} |rowspan="2"|MuchMusic.com Most Watched Video (MMVA Award) |Aliteuliwa |- | "Teenage Dream" |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2012 | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | International Video of the Year – Artist | {{won}} |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmva.muchmusic.com/marianas-trench-leads-with-seven-nominations-at-the-2012-mmvas/|title=2012 MuchMusic Video Awards: The Show, The Winners|publisher=MuchMusic|accessdate=May 16, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721005505/http://mmva.muchmusic.com/marianas-trench-leads-with-seven-nominations-at-the-2012-mmvas/|archivedate=July 21, 2012 }}</ref> |- | rowspan=2 | Katy Perry | rowspan=2| People's Choice: Favourite International Video (MMVA Award) | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2014 | Aliteuliwa | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmva.muchmusic.com/nominees/ |title=2014 MMVA Nominees |publisher=Much Music Video Awards |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520231740/http://mmva.muchmusic.com/nominees/ |archivedate=May 20, 2011 |df= }}</ref> |- | "Dark Horse" {{small|(pamoja na Juicy J) | International Video of the Year – Artist | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2017 | rowspan="2"| Katy Perry |International Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |MuchMusic Video Award for Peoples Choice: Favourite International Video | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===Music Video Production Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | 2009 | "Waking Up in Vegas" | Video of the Year | {{won}} |- | 2010 | "California Gurls" | Best Pop Video | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 | rowspan="2" | "The One That Got Away" | Best Hair | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | Best Pop Video | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | rowspan="2" | "Wide Awake" | {{won}} |- | Best Director of a Female Artist | Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===Myx Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2012 | "Firework" | rowspan=4| Myx Music Award for Favorite International Video | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://abscbnpr.com/10-facts-you-probably-dont-know-about-the-myx-music-awards/ |publisher=ABS-CBN News Channel |title=10 Facts You Probably Don't Know About The Myx Music Awards |date=March 18, 2015 |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128212156/http://abscbnpr.com/10-facts-you-probably-dont-know-about-the-myx-music-awards/ |archivedate=January 28, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"| 2013 | "Part of Me" | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|url=http://myxph.com/features/4903/myx-music-awards-2013-nominees-here/ |title=Myx Music Awards 2013 Nominees Here! |publisher=[[Myx Music Award]]s |accessdate=July 24, 2015 |first=Zsaris |last=Mendioro |date=February 18, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103410/http://myxph.com/features/4903/myx-music-awards-2013-nominees-here/ |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://myxph.com/features/5107/myx-music-awards-2013-winners-list/ |publisher=Myx Music Awards |title=Here Is The Official Myx Music Awards 2013 Winners List! |first=Zsaris |last=Mendioro |date=March 21, 2013 |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128183826/http://myxph.com/features/5107/myx-music-awards-2013-winners-list/ |archivedate=January 28, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- !scope="row"| 2014 | "Roar" | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myxph.com/features/10953/the-myx-music-awards-2014-and-the-winners-are/ |title=The Myx Music Awards 2014 – And The Winners Are... |publisher=Myx Music Awards |accessdate=July 24, 2015 |date=March 27, 2014 |first=Feliz |last=Borja |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725072817/http://myxph.com/features/10953/the-myx-music-awards-2014-and-the-winners-are/ |archivedate=July 25, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"| 2015 | "Dark Horse" {{small|(pamoja na Juicy J)}} | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/music/2015/02/20/1425806/nominees-myx-music-awards-2015-revealed |title=Nominees for MYX music awards 2015 revealed |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=February 20, 2015 |accessdate=February 20, 2015 |first=Joyce |last=Jimenez |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222164455/http://www.philstar.com/music/2015/02/20/1425806/nominees-myx-music-awards-2015-revealed |archivedate=February 22, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://myxph.com/features/22973/here-are-the-winners-of-the-myxmusicawards-2015/ |title=Here Are The Winners Of The #MYXMusicAwards 2015! |first=Jac |last=Carlos |publisher=Myx Music Awards |date=March 27, 2015 |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405133824/http://myxph.com/features/22973/here-are-the-winners-of-the-myxmusicawards-2015/ |archivedate=April 5, 2015 |df= }} </ref> |} ===Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" |2009 | "I Kissed a Girl" | Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.nickkcapress.com/2009KCA/winners.php |title=2009 Winners List |publisher=[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards]] |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105153618/http://www.nickkcapress.com/2009KCA/winners.php |archivedate=November 5, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2009/02/06/2009-kids-choic |work=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |date=February 6, 2009 |title=2009 Kids' Choice Awards nominees |first=Mike |last=Bruno |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410114633/http://www.ew.com/article/2009/02/06/2009-kids-choic |archivedate=April 10, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2011 | Katy Perry | Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Female Singer | {{won}} | rowspan=2 align="center"|<ref> {{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-bieber-taylor-swift-kristen-98298 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |title=Justin Bieber, Taylor Swift, Kristen Stewart Among Kids' Choice Awards Nominees |date=February 11, 2011 |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201175910/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-bieber-taylor-swift-kristen-98298 |archivedate=February 1, 2016 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|last1=Semigran |first1=Aly |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1661191/kids-choice-awards/ |title=Kids' Choice Awards 2011: The Show And Winners List |publisher=MTV |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120194859/http://www.mtv.com/news/1661191/kids-choice-awards/ |archivedate=January 20, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- | "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | rowspan=2| Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"| 2012 | "Firework" | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/2012/nominees/|title= 2012 Kid's Choice Awards Nominations |accessdate=June 23, 2015|publisher=[[Nickelodeon]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920063336/http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/2012/nominees/|archivedate=September 20, 2012 }}</ref> |- | ''The Smurfs'' | Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie | {{won}} |- | rowspan=2| Katy Perry | rowspan=2| Favorite Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" |2013 | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Kids' Choice Awards 2013: List of winners |first=Jessica |last=Derschowitz |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kids-choice-awards-2013-list-of-winners/ |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=March 23, 2013 |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816042937/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/kids-choice-awards-2013-list-of-winners/ |archivedate=August 16, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2014 | ''The Smurfs 2'' | Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie | Aliteuliwa |rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|first=Emily |last=Yahr |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/03/31/kids-choice-awards-really-arent-just-for-kids-anymore/ |title=Kids' Choice Awards really aren’t just for kids anymore |work=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 31, 2014 |accessdate=June 23, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201141034/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/03/31/kids-choice-awards-really-arent-just-for-kids-anymore/ |archivedate=February 1, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- | "Roar" | Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan=2| Katy Perry | rowspan=2| Favorite Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2015 |Aliteuliwa | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kids-choice-awards-complete-winners-783761 |title=Kids' Choice Awards 2015: The Complete Winners List |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=March 28, 2015 |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6f0FVQUAk?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kids-choice-awards-complete-winners-783761 |archivedate=February 2, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- |"Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na Juicy J)</small> |Favorite Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |} ===Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2010 | "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | Fave Song | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Hudson>{{cite book|last=Hudson|first=Alice|title=Katy Perry: Rebel Dreamer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyZeIXkF8u8C&pg=PA127|year=2012|publisher=Flame Tree eBooks|isbn=978-0-85775-280-2|page=127}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2011 | Katy Perry | Fave International Artist | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Hudson/> |- !scope="row"|2015 |KatyCats |Aussie/Kiwi's Favourite Fan Army |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kca.nickelodeon.com.au/vote?category=Aussie-Kiwi-Favorite-Fan-Army|title=Aussie/Kiwi's Favourite Fan Army|publisher=Nickelodeon|accessdate=December 16, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702000326/http://kca.nickelodeon.com.au/vote?category=Aussie-Kiwi-Favorite-Fan-Army|archivedate=July 2, 2015}}</ref> |} ===''NME'' Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2009 | rowspan="2" |Katy Perry |rowspan="2" | Worst Dressed |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-awards/shockwaves-nme-awards-2009-the-winners-in-full |title=Shockwaves NME Awards 2009 – The Winners In Full |first1=Tim |last1=Chester |work=[[NME]] |date=February 26, 2009 |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128093318/http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-awards/shockwaves-nme-awards-2009-the-winners-in-full |archivedate=January 28, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2010 |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=February 25, 2010 |url=http://www.nme.com/news/various-artists/49955 |title=Shockwaves NME Awards 2010: all the winners |work=NME |date=February 24, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226181925/http://www.nme.com/news/various-artists/49955 |archivedate=February 26, 2010 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2011 | ''Teenage Dream'' | Worst Album | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=July 14, 2011 |url=http://www.nme.com/news/various-artists/55133 |title=Shockwaves NME Awards 2011&nbsp;– all the winners |work=NME |date=February 23, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628213203/http://www.nme.com/news/various-artists/55133 |archivedate=June 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2012 | Katy Perry | Hottest Female | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/noel-gallagher-arctic-monkeys-and-lana-del-rey-nominated-for-nme-awar__1811/ |title=Noel Gallagher, Arctic Monkeys and Lana Del Rey nominated for NME Awards |first=Dan |last=Lane |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |date=January 31, 2012 |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215180730/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/noel-gallagher-arctic-monkeys-and-lana-del-rey-nominated-for-nme-awar__1811/ |archivedate=February 15, 2016 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/9114926/Full-list-of-NME-award-winners.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |title=Full list of NME award winners |date=March 1, 2012 |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222064239/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/9114926/Full-list-of-NME-award-winners.html |archivedate=February 22, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |} ===NRJ Music Awards=== {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="1" |2009 | ''One of the Boys'' | NRJ Music Award for International Album of the Year | {{won}} |rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Katy Perry given Rihanna's award by mistake |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jan/19/katy-perry-rihanna-award-mixup |work=The Guardian |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |date=January 19, 2009 |first=Rosie |last=Swan |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128092808/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jan/19/katy-perry-rihanna-award-mixup |archivedate=January 28, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"| 2011 | Katy Perry | NRJ Music Award for International Female Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr/actus/article/nrj-music-awards-2011-271698 |title=NJ Music Awards : NRJ Music Awards 2011 |publisher=NRJ Music Awards |language=French |accessdate=July 17, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100135/http://nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr/actus/article/nrj-music-awards-2011-271698 |archivedate=December 22, 2015 |df= |=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100135/http://nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr/actus/article/nrj-music-awards-2011-271698 }}<br> {{cite web |url=http://www.programme-tv.net/news/tv/11842-nrj-music-awards-2011-les-nominations/ |title=NRJ Music Awards 2011 : Les nominations |date=January 22, 2011 |publisher=Programme TV |language=French |accessdate=January 26, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202193559/http://www.programme-tv.net/news/tv/11842-nrj-music-awards-2011-les-nominations/ |archivedate=February 2, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"|"California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | International Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | NRJ Music Award for Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2013 | "Roar" | International Song of the Year | {{Won}} |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=One Direction double winners at NRJ Awards |url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/one-direction/news/one-direction-double-winners-at-nrj-awards/ |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |publisher=MTV News |date=December 15, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223001353/http://www.mtv.co.uk/one-direction/news/one-direction-double-winners-at-nrj-awards |archivedate=December 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | rowspan=2|Katy Perry | rowspan=2 |International Female Artist of the Year | {{Won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2017 | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan=1|Katy Perry pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]], [[Pharrell Williams]] & [[Big Sean]] | rowspan=1 |International Duo/Group of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | "Feels" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]], [[Pharrell Williams]] & [[Big Sean]]) | rowspan=1 |Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===People's Choice Awards=== {{Awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2009 | "I Kissed a Girl" | Favorite Pop Song | {{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2009 |title=Nominees & Winners |publisher=[[People's Choice Awards]] |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123125935/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2009 |archivedate=January 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2010 | rowspan="4"|Katy Perry | Favorite Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2010 |title=Nominees & Winners |publisher=People's Choice Awards |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012170528/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2010 |archivedate=October 12, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2011 | Favorite Female Artist | {{won}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2011 |title=Nominees & Winners |publisher=People's Choice Awards |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324114729/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2011 |archivedate=March 24, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- | Favorite Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite Internet Sensation | {{won}} |- | "California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |- | "Teenage Dream" | Favorite Music Video | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="7"|2012 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Favorite Female Artist | {{won}} |rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2012 |title=Nominees & Winners |publisher=People's Choice Awards |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181317/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2012 |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- | Favorite Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Katy Perry | Favorite Tour Headliner | {{won}} |- | "E.T." <small>(pamoja na Kanye West)</small> | Favorite Song | {{won}} |- | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | Favorite Music Video | {{won}} |- | ''How I Met Your Mother'' | Favorite TV Guest Star | {{won}} |- | ''The Smurfs'' | Favorite Animated Movie Voice | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="4"|2013 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Favorite Female Artist | {{won}} |rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2013 |title=Nominees & Winners |publisher=People's Choice Awards |accessdate=January 25, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6SejTNyCN?url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2013 |archivedate=September 17, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- | Favorite Pop Artist | {{won}} |- | KatyCats | Favorite Music Fan Following | {{won}} |- | "Part of Me" | Favorite Music Video | {{won}} |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2014 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Favorite Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominees & Winners |url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2014 |publisher=People's Choice Awards |accessdate=June 22, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306195635/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2014 |archivedate=March 6, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- | Favorite Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Katy Perry | Favorite Music Fan Following |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"|"Roar" | Favorite Song | {{won}} |- | Favorite Music Video | {{won}} |- !scope="row"|2015 | Katy Perry | Favorite Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominees & Winners |url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2015 |publisher=People's Choice Awards |accessdate=January 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175236/http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/?year=2015 |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |} ===Pop Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- ! scope="row"|2018 | "Chained to the Rhythm" | Song Of The Year Award | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pop-awards.com/2018 |title=Pop Awards 2018, the 1st annual Pop Awards |work=Pop Awards |accessdate=January 10, 2019}}</ref> |} ===Premios Juventud=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"| 2014 | Katy Perry | Favorite Artist, Not Hispanic | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://musica.univision.com/premios-juventud/ganadores/openpage/2014-04-23/musicapj2014-ganadores|title=Lista de Ganadores de Premios Juventud 2014 – Univision Musica|publisher=[[Univision]]|accessdate=December 16, 2015|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130192928/http://musica.univision.com/premios-juventud/ganadores/openpage/2014-04-23/musicapj2014-ganadores|archivedate=January 30, 2015}}</ref> |- | "Roar" | rowspan="2"|Favorite Song, Not in Spanish | Aliteuliwa |- | "Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na Juicy J)</small> | Aliteuliwa |} ===''Q'' Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"| 2008 | "I Kissed a Girl" |Best Track | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|title=Coldplay dominate Q awards nominations |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/coldplay-dominate-q-awards-nominations-916769.html |date=September 2, 2008 |accessdate=December 30, 2015 |work=[[The Independent]] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924212050/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/coldplay-dominate-q-awards-nominations-916769.html |archivedate=September 24, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news |url=http://entertainment.ie/music/news/Q-Awards-2008-The-Winners/23658.htm |title=Q Awards 2008: The Winners |date=October 7, 2008 |accessdate=December 30, 2015 |work=[[Irish Independent]] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084522/http://entertainment.ie/music/news/Q-Awards-2008-The-Winners/23658.htm |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- !scope="row"|2011 | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | Best Video | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite journal |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2011/10/24/gary-barlow-adele-q-awards-winners-2011 |title=Gary Barlow and Adele win Q Awards |first=Jenn |last=Selby |work=Glamour |date=October 24, 2011 |accessdate=December 30, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012235/http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/news/celebrity/2011/10/24/gary-barlow-adele-q-awards-winners-2011 |archivedate=March 5, 2016 |df=mdy-all |journal= }}</ref> |} ===Radio Academy=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2011 | Katy Perry | Most Played Artist on British Radio |{{won}} |style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Radio Academy"/> |- |} ===Radio Disney Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- |- !scope="row"|2013 | "Wide Awake" | Best Breakup Song |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|last1=Ng |first1=Philiana |title=Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and One Direction Among Radio Disney Music Award Nominees |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/taylor-swift-justin-bieber-one-428787 |accessdate=June 22, 2015 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=March 15, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726131915/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/taylor-swift-justin-bieber-one-428787 |archivedate=July 26, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://www.enstarz.com/articles/17112/20130429/taylor-swift-beats-harry-styles-radio-disney-music-awards-2013-song-of-the-year-award-full-list-of-winners.htm |title=Taylor Swift Beats Harry Styles at Radio Disney Music Awards 2013 for Song of the Year Award, Full List of Winners |date=April 29, 2013 |accessdate=January 11, 2016 |publisher=Enstarz |first=Shiryn |last=Ghermezian |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052905/http://www.enstarz.com/articles/17112/20130429/taylor-swift-beats-harry-styles-radio-disney-music-awards-2013-song-of-the-year-award-full-list-of-winners.htm |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }} </ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="3" | 2014 | "Roar" | Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|last1=Hochman |first1=David |title=Radio Disney Music Awards 2014: Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhochman/2014/04/27/radio-disney-music-awards-2014-full-list-of-winners/ |accessdate=June 22, 2015 |work=Forbes |date=April 27, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630053706/http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhochman/2014/04/27/radio-disney-music-awards-2014-full-list-of-winners/ |archivedate=June 30, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite web|url=http://blogs.disney.com/oh-my-disney/music/2014/02/22/just-announced-the-2014-rdma-categories-and-nominees/ |publisher=[[Disney.com]] |date=February 22, 2014 |accessdate=January 11, 2016 |title=Just Announced: The 2014 RDMA Categories and Nominees }} </ref> |- | Mwenyewe | Best Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Katy Perry | Fiercest Fans | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"|2017 | Mwenyewe | Best Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/833663/radio-disney-music-awards-2017-complete-list-of-nominations/ |title=Radio Disney Music Awards 2017: Complete List of Nominations |publisher=E! |date=March 3, 2017 |accessdate=March 8, 2017 |first=Zach |last=Johnson |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304015850/http://www.eonline.com/news/833663/radio-disney-music-awards-2017-complete-list-of-nominations |archivedate=March 4, 2017 |df= }}</ref> |} === red! Star Award === The red! Star Award is an award given by the German TV programme ''red!''. {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- |- !scope="row"|2010 | Katy Perry | Fashion Icon |{{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|title=Sendungen, L bis Z, red! |url=http://www.7tv.de/red-stars-lifestyle-more/red-star-award-bester-style-clip |accessdate=November 12, 2016 |work=7tv.de |date=March 15, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112142353/http://www.7tv.de/red-stars-lifestyle-more/red-star-award-bester-style-clip |archivedate=November 12, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |} ===The Record of the Year=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2008 | "I Kissed a Girl" | rowspan=2| The Record of the Year | Aliteuliwa | <ref name=2008RecordOfTheYear/> |- !scope="row"| 2010 | "California Gurls" | Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roty.tv/|publisher=The Record of the Year|accessdate=December 16, 2015|title=The Winner is...|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002130347/http://www.roty.tv/|archivedate=October 2, 2011}}</ref> |} ===Teen Choice Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2008 | Katy Perry | Choice MySpacer | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/env-2008-teen-choice-awards-scorecard17jun17,0,2603341.htmlstory |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=June 17, 2008 |accessdate=August 6, 2013 |title=2008 Teen Choice Awards winners and nominees |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912051322/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/env-2008-teen-choice-awards-scorecard17jun17%2C0%2C2603341.htmlstory |archivedate=September 12, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> |- | "I Kissed a Girl" | Choice Music: Summer Song | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="3"|2009 | Katy Perry | Teen Choice Award for Choice Music - Female Artist|Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Teen Choice Awards 2009 nominees |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2009/06/teen-choice-awards-2009-nominees.html |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 15, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6FL37oECa?url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2009/06/teen-choice-awards-2009-nominees.html |archivedate=March 23, 2013 |df= }}</ref> |- | "Hot n Cold" | Choice Music: Single by a Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | ''One of the Boys'' | Choice Music: Album (Female Artist) | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2010 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry | Choice Fashion: Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite web|last1=Finn |first1=Natalie |title=Vampires Don't Suck at Teen Choice Awards (Neither Do Justin Bieber, Sandra Bullock or the Kardashians) |url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b194304_vampires_dont_suck_teen_choice_awards.html |publisher=E! |accessdate=June 21, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629201820/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b194304_vampires_dont_suck_teen_choice_awards.html |archivedate=June 29, 2011 |date=August 8, 2010 }}<br> {{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2553622/teen-choice-2010-nominees/ |publisher=MTV News |date=June 28, 2010 |accessdate=January 10, 2016 |title=Teen Choice Awards 2010: Second (Giant) Wave Of Nominees Announced! |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183051/http://www.mtv.com/news/2553622/teen-choice-2010-nominees/ |archivedate=January 21, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- | Choice Fashion: Red Carpet Fashion Icon Female | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"|"California Gurls" {{small|(pamoja na Snoop Dogg)}} | Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Single | {{won}} |- | Choice Summer: Song | {{won}} |- | "If We Ever Meet Again" (pamoja na [[Timbaland]]) | Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2011 | rowspan="2"|Katy Perry |Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref> {{cite news|title=Teen Choice Awards 2011: List of winners |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2011-list-of-winners/ |accessdate=April 29, 2015 |date=August 8, 2011 |publisher=CBS News |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403103544/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2011-list-of-winners/ |archivedate=April 3, 2015 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|title='Twilight Saga: Eclipse' scores 12 Teen Choice Award nominations |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2011/06/twilight-saga-eclipse-scores-12-teen-choice-award-nominations.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 29, 2011 |accessdate=January 26, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215006/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2011/06/twilight-saga-eclipse-scores-12-teen-choice-award-nominations.html |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |df= }}<br> {{cite news|first=Philiana |last=Ng |title=Teen Choice Awards 2011: 'Pretty Little Liars,' Rebecca Black Added to List of Nominees |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2011-pretty-212996 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=July 19, 2011 |accessdate=January 26, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/60UVrjVi4?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2011-pretty-212996 |archivedate=July 27, 2011 |df= }} </ref> |- | Choice Summer: Female Music Star | {{won}} |- | "Firework" | Choice Music: Single | Aliteuliwa |- | "Teenage Dream" | Teen Choice Award for Choice Music - Love Song | Aliteuliwa |- | "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" | 2011 Teen Choice Awards#Choice Music |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="7"|2012 | rowspan="3"|Katy Perry | Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="7" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: Complete Winners List |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |publisher=MTV |accessdate=June 21, 2015 |date=July 22, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702121854/http://www.mtv.com/news/1690174/teen-choice-awards-winners-list/ |archivedate=July 2, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- | Choice Fashion: Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- | Choice Summer Music Star: Female | Aliteuliwa |- |"Part of Me" | Choice Music: Single by a Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | "Wide Awake" | Teen Choice Award for Choice Music - Break-Up Song | Aliteuliwa |- | ''The Sims 3: Showtime – Katy Perry'' | Choice Video Game | Aliteuliwa |- | ''Katy Perry: Part of Me'' | Summer Movie: Comedy/Music | {{won}} |- !scope="row"|2013 | rowspan="4"|Katy Perry | 2013 Teen Choice Awards Twitter Personality | Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Teen Choice Awards: The Winners List |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1712166/teen-choice-awards-2013-winners/ |publisher=MTV |accessdate=June 21, 2015 |date=August 11, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194231/http://www.mtv.com/news/1712166/teen-choice-awards-2013-winners/ |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row" rowspan="5"|2014 | Choice Music: Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=Teen Choice Awards: The Complete Winners List |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2014-winners-724423 |accessdate=June 21, 2015 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=August 10, 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6UXnWYQsn?url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2014-winners-724423 |archivedate=December 3, 2014 |df= }}</ref> |- | Choice Web: Social Media Queen |{{won}} |- | Choice Web: Twit |Aliteuliwa |- | "Dark Horse" <small>(pamoja na Juicy J)</small> | Choice Music: Single by a Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Prismatic World Tour | Choice Summer: Tour |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row" rowspan="2"|2015 |rowspan="4"|Katy Perry |Social Media Queen |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/teen-choice-awards-winners-2015-full-list-1201571268/ |title=Teen Choice Awards 2015 Winners: Full List |work=Variety |date=August 16, 2015 |accessdate=January 6, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110215656/http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/teen-choice-awards-winners-2015-full-list-1201571268/ |archivedate=January 10, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|Choice Twit |Aliteuliwa |- !scope="row"|2016 |Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite|url=http://ew.com/article/2016/07/31/teen-choice-awards-2016-winners-list/ |work=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=January 6, 2016 |date=July 31, 2016 |title=Teen Choice Awards 2016: Winners list |first=Jessica |last=Goodman |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803002031/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/31/teen-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archivedate=August 3, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|017 | Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teenvogue.com/story/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominees |title=Teen Choice Awards 2017: See the First Wave of Nominations |last=Ceron |first=Ella |work=[[Teen Vogue]] |date=June 19, 2017 |accessdate=June 19, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6rLtVsNex?url=http://www.teenvogue.com/story/teen-choice-awards-2017-nominees |archivedate=June 20, 2017 }}</ref> |} ===Trevor Project Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2012 | Katy Perry | Trevor Hero Award | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trevor-live-katy-perry-presented-397407 |title='Trevor Live': Katy Perry Presented With Trevor Hero Award by Director Adam Shankman |first=Stephanie |last=Chan |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=December 3, 2012 |accessdate=December 16, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027034043/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/trevor-live-katy-perry-presented-397407 |archivedate=October 27, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- |} ===UNICEF=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2016 | Katy Perry | Audrey Hepburn Humanitarian Award | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hillary-clinton-presents-katy-perry-with-unicef-award-w452895 |title=Hillary Clinton Presents Katy Perry With UNICEF Award |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |work=Rolling Stone |date=November 30, 2016 |accessdate=November 30, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014702/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hillary-clinton-presents-katy-perry-with-unicef-award-w452895 |archivedate=December 1, 2016 |df= }}</ref> |- |} ===Webby Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2011 |''Pieces of Katy'' |Best Non-Profit/Education Campaign |Aliteuliwa |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webbyawards.com/winners/2011/advertising-media/individual/rich-media-non-profiteducational/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106034255/http://www.webbyawards.com/winners/2011/advertising-media/individual/rich-media-non-profiteducational/|archivedate=January 6, 2015|title=2011 – The Webby Awards|publisher=Webby Awards|accessdate=November 14, 2015}}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2018 |"Chained To The Rhythm" disco ball campaign |People's Choice Award |{{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://capitolrecords.lnk.to/KPWebbyNewsTw|title=Katy Perry Wins Webby Award For “Chained To The Rhythm” Campaign|publisher=Capitol Records |accessdate=April 25, 2018}}</ref> |} ===YouTube Music Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2013 |rowspan="2"|Katy Perry |Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2013/digital/news/youtube-music-awards-nominees-announced-1200749352/ |title=YouTube Music Awards Nominees Announced |first1=Todd |last1=Spangler |work=Variety |date=October 21, 2013 |accessdate=August 6, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701181852/http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/youtube-music-awards-nominees-announced-1200749352/ |archivedate=July 1, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |- !scope="row"|2015 |50 artists to watch |{{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/youtube-music-awards-2015-winners-unveiled-picked-by-big-data-1201444212/ |title=YouTube Music Awards 2015 Winners Unveiled, Picked by Big Data |first1=Todd |last1=Spangler |work=Variety |date=March 2, 2015 |accessdate=August 6, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703011202/http://variety.com/2015/digital/news/youtube-music-awards-2015-winners-unveiled-picked-by-big-data-1201444212/ |archivedate=July 3, 2015 |df= }}</ref> |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji muziki wa Marekani]] knb56eke6wk1nd0dg53lbll0z0vdeol Holmi 0 124965 1582385 1514176 2026-07-29T20:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{elementi | rangi =#ffbfff | jina =<center>Holmi ''(Holmium)''</center> | picha = Holmium2.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = | alama = Ho | namba atomia = 67 | mfululizo safu = [[Lanthanidi]] | uzani atomia = 164.930 | valensi = 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 | densiti husianifu = 8.79 g/cm3 | kiwango cha kuyeyuka = <small>[[°K]] 1734 </small> | kiwango cha kuchemka = <small>°K 2873 </small> | ugumu = | kiwango utatu = | % ganda dunia = | hali maada = | mengineyo = }} '''Holmi''' ''(Holmium)'' ni [[Elementi ya kikemia|elementi]] ya [[Metali|kimetali]] yenye [[alama]] '''Ho''' na [[namba atomia]] 67, maana yake [[Kiini cha atomu|kiini cha Holmi]] kina [[protoni]] 67 ndani yake. [[Uzani atomia]] ni 164.930<ref>Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305</ref>. Katika [[jedwali la elementi]] inahesabiwa kati ya [[lanthanidi]] na metali za [[ardhi adimu]]. Holmi ilitambuliwa kama elementi ya pekee nchini [[Uswidi]] na [[mwanakemia]] [[Per Theodor Cleve]] kwenye [[mwaka]] [[1878]]. Aliikuta kama taka ndani ya [[oksidi]] ya [[Ytri|Erbi]], pamoja na [[Thuli]]. Cleve alichagua [[jina]] la Holmi kwa heshima ya [[mji]] [[Stockholm]] alikozaliwa. <ref name="Virginia">{{Rejea jarida|last=Marshall|first=James L. Marshall|last2=Marshall|first2=Virginia R. Marshall|date=2015|title=Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Confusing Years|url=http://www.chem.unt.edu/~jimm/REDISCOVERY%207-09-2018/Hexagon%20Articles/rare%20earths%20II.pdf|journal=The Hexagon|pages=72–77|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref> <ref name="RSHolmium">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Holmium|url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/67/holmium|work=Royal Society of Chemistry|date=2020|accessdate=4 January 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Stwertka">{{Rejea kitabu|title=A guide to the elements|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe|last=Stwertka|first=Albert|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-508083-1|edition=2nd|page=[https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe/page/161 161]}}</ref> Holmi safi ni metali laini. Kiasili Holmi haipatikani kwa hali safi kwa sababu inatendana kirahisi na [[kemikali]] nyingine. Lakini inapatikana ndani ya [[madini]] [[monaziti]] na [[gadoliniti]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mindat.org/|title=Mindat.org|author=Hudson Institute of Mineralogy|date=1993–2018|work=www.mindat.org|accessdate=14 January 2018}}</ref> Maeneo makuu ya madini ni [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]], [[Marekani]], [[Brazil]], [[Uhindi]], [[Sri Lanka]], na [[Australia]] na [[akiba]] ya holmi inakadiriwa kuwa [[tani]] 400,000. <ref name="history">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC&pg=PA181|title=Nature's building blocks: an A-Z guide to the elements|last=John Emsley|date=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-850341-5|location=US|pages=181–182}}</ref> Baada ya kusafishwa inakaa katika [[hewa]] kavu kwa [[halijoto]] ya kawaida. Ikifikia [[nyuzijoto]] [[°C]] 150 inawaka. Holmi huwa na nguvu kubwa ya [[usumaku]], na hapo inapita elementi zote nyingine. Kwa sababu hiyo hutumiwa kuzalisha sumaku zenye nguvu kuu. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=R. W. Hoard|last2=S. C. Mance|last3=R. L. Leber|last4=E. N. Dalder|last5=M. R. Chaplin|last6=K. Blair|last7=D. H. Nelson|last8=D. A. Van Dyke|displayauthors=6|date=1985|title=Field enhancement of a 12.5-T magnet using holmium poles|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1200738/|journal=IEEE Transactions on Magnetics|volume=21|issue=2|pages=448–450|bibcode=1985ITM....21..448H|doi=10.1109/tmag.1985.1063692}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Holmium}} {{wiktionary|holmium}} *[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ho/index.html WebElements.com – Holmium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ho/index.html |date=20080414083708 }} (also used as a reference) *[http://www.americanelements.com/hoinfo3.htm American Elements – Holmium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.americanelements.com/hoinfo3.htm |date=20120623041926 }} [[American Elements]] (also used as a reference) * [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/067.htm Holmium] at ''[[The Periodic Table of Videos]]'' (University of Nottingham) {{mbegu-kemia}} [[Jamii:Lanthanidi]] [[Jamii:Elementi]] [[Jamii:metali]] cema1kynvgiumyvnoxef3zyzz5qffwb Hernando de Soto 0 132939 1582371 1513681 2026-07-29T17:06:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:De Soto by Telfer & Sartain.jpg|thumb|De Soto.]] '''Hernando de Soto''' (Jerez de los Caballeros, [[Mkoa wa Badajoz|Badajoz]], [[Hispania]], [[1496]]/[[1497]] hivi <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9068780/Hernando-de-Soto "Hernando de Soto"], from ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]'', Online edition. Full article freely available (3 pages: keep clicking "Next page" links).</ref> - [[21 Mei]] [[1542]]) alikuwa [[Upelelezi (Jiografia)|mpelelezi]] na [[Conquistador|conqistador kutoka nchini]] [[Hispania]]. Aliongoza msafara wa kwanza wa upelelezi wa Kizungu katika maeneo ya sasa ya [[Marekani]], akiaminiwa alikuwa [[Mzungu]] wa kwanza aliyefika kwenye [[mto]] [[Mto Mississippi|Mississippi]]. == Asili yake == Hernando de Soto alizaliwa na [[Kabaila|makabaila]] [[maskini]] (hidalgo) huko [[Extremadura]], mkoa wa Hispania wenye [[umaskini]] ambako [[vijana]] wengi walitafuta njia za kupata [[utajiri]] wao mahali pengine. [[Miji]] miwili, Badajoz na Jerez de los Caballeros, hutajwa kuwa mahali pake pa kuzaliwa. Katika [[wosia]] wake, alitaka kuzikwa huko Jerez de los Caballeros, ambapo watu wengine wa [[familia]] yake pia walizikwa. <ref>Charles Hudson (1997). Page 39.</ref> Kipindi cha maconquistador kilikuja baada ya [[ushindi]] wa [[Wakristo]] wa [[rasi ya Iberia]] juu ya [[Waislamu]] [[Waarabu]] waliowahi kutawala sehemu kubwa ya Hispania kwa [[karne]] kadhaa. Hispania na [[Ureno]] zilijaa vijana waliotafuta nafasi ya kupata umaarufu wa kijeshi baada ya Waarabu kushindwa. Ugunduzi wa nchi mpya ng'ambo ya [[bahari]] (ambayo iliaminiwa wakati huo kuwa [[Mashariki]] mwa [[Asia]]), minong'ono ya [[utukufu]] na utajiri ilivuta vijana wengi maskini. [[file:DeSoto_Map_HRoe_2008.jpg|thumb|350px|Safari ya De Soto katika Marekani]] == Amerika ya Kati == De Soto alisafiri kwa [[jahazi]] kwenda [[Amerika]] mnamo [[1514]], pamoja na [[gavana]] wa kwanza wa [[Panama]], Pedrarias Dávila. Hapo akishiriki katika [[uvamizi]] wa [[Amerika ya Kati]], hasa [[Nikaragua]] alipokuwa mkuu wa eneo la Leon. == Peru == Mwaka [[1530]] aliamua kujiunga na msafara wa [[Francisco Pizarro]] aliyeelekea [[Peru]] akivamia [[Inka|Dola la Inka]]. Hadi [[1534]], de Soto alikuwa gavana wa [[Cuzco]]; alipoona hana [[maendeleo]] tena alichukua utajiri wote aliowahi kupora akarudi Hispania mnamo [[1536]]. [[Kaizari Karoli V]] alimteua kuwa gavana wa [[Kuba]] akampa nafasi ya miaka minne ya kuvamia [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] kwa ajili ya Hispania. == Florida == Mnamo [[1539]] De Soto pamoja na [[askari]] 700 alivuka bahari akaanza uvamizi wa [[Florida]] katika eneo la [[Tampa Bay]]. De Soto na [[jeshi]] lake walitafuta hasa [[dhahabu]] jinsi ilivyowahi kupatikana [[Meksiko]] na Peru. Kuanzia 1539 hadi [[1542]] jeshi la De Soto lilipita katika sehemu za [[kusini]] za Marekani ya leo lakini bila kukuta [[hazina]] walizotegemea. [[Ukatili]] wao dhidi ya wenyeji ulilazimisha Wahispania kupiga [[vita]] mara kwa mara. Hatimaye De Soto alifariki kwenye [[mwambao]] wa Mto Missisippi. Mabaki ya jeshi lake yalirudi hadi Meksiko walipofika takriban 300 kati ya hao 700 waliowahi kuanza safari. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} == Kujisomea zaidi == {{Refbegin}} <!--use smaller font--> === Chronicles (in English translations) === *{{cite book|last1=Clayton|first1=Lawrence A.|last2=Knight|first2=Vernon James, Jr.|last3=Moore|first3=Edward C.|title=The De Soto Chronicles, The Expedition of Hernando de Soto to North America in 1539–1543|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780817305932|url-access=registration|year=1993|publisher=University of Alabama Press|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama|isbn=978-0-8173-0824-7}} *{{cite book|title=Narratives of the career of Hernando de Soto in the conquest of Florida as told by a knight of Elvas, and in a relation by Luys Hernandez de Biedma, factor of the expedition Volume I|year=1904|publisher=A. S. Barnes and Company|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/hernandodesoto01bourrich|editor=Edward Gaylord Bourne|access-date=23 November 2013}} *{{cite book|title=Narratives of the career of Hernando de Soto in the conquest of Florida as told by a knight of Elvas, and in a relation by Luys Hernandez de Biedma, factor of the expedition Volume II|year=1904|publisher=A. S. Barnes and Company|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/stream/narrativesofcare02bouruoft#page/n7/mode/2up|editor=Edward Gaylord Bourne|access-date=23 November 2013}} *{{cite book|last=Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca|title=Florida of the Inca|year=1881|publisher=Robert M. Lindsay|location=Philadelphia|url=http://mith.umd.edu/eada/html/display.php?docs=garcilaso_florida.xml&action=show|access-date=23 November 2013|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090337/http://mith.umd.edu/eada/html/display.php?docs=garcilaso_florida.xml&action=show|dead-url=yes}} Translated by E. Barnard Shipp. *{{cite book|last=Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca|title=The Florida of the Inca|year=1951|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin}} Translated by John and Jeanette Varner. === Histories === * [[David Ewing Duncan|Duncan, David Ewing]]: ''Hernando de Soto: A Savage Quest in the Americas''; University of Oklahoma Press 1997. ISBN 0-517-58222-8 * [[Charles M. Hudson (author)|Hudson, Charles M.]], ''Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando De Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms'', [[University of Georgia Press]], 1997. ISBN 0-8203-1888-4 * Albert, Steve: ''Looking Back......Natural Steps''; Pinnacle Mountain Community Post 1991. * Henker, Fred O., M.D. ''Natural Steps, Arkansas'', Arkansas History Commission 1999. * Jennings, John. (1959) ''The Golden Eagle.'' Dell. * MacQuarie, Kim. (2007) ''The last days of the Incas.'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-6049-X ISBN 978-0-7432-6049-7 * Maura, Juan Francisco. ''Españolas de ultramar''. Valencia: [http://parnaseo.uv.es/Editorial/Maura/INDEX.HTM Universidad de Valencia] {{Wayback|url=http://parnaseo.uv.es/Editorial/Maura/INDEX.HTM |date=20200729172706 }}, 2005. * {{Rejea tovuti| title=American Conquest, The Oldest Record of Native America| url=http://www.floridahistory.com/inset44.html| access-date=April 20, 2009| accessdate=2021-02-15| archivedate=2020-12-02| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202085127/http://www.floridahistory.com/inset44.html}} * {{Rejea tovuti |title=The De Soto Chronicles Volume I, by Clayton, Knight, & Moore 1994 |url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/deso/chronicles/Volume1/toc.htm |access-date=April 20, 2009 |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228085915/http://www.nps.gov/archive/deso/chronicles/Volume1/toc.htm |archive-date=February 28, 2009 }} {{Refend}}<!--end smaller font--> {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1496]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1542]] [[Jamii:Wapelelezi kutoka Hispania]] 1sptjr67zhe2nr59kznzsvfc02lklfh Orodha ya waandishi wa Tanzania 0 142685 1582356 1582349 2026-07-29T13:34:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582356 wikitext text/x-wiki Orodha hii inaonyesha baadhi ya [[waandishi]] wa [[Tanzania]] pamoja na [[kazi]] zao. * [[Agoro Anduru]] (1948–1992), mwandishi wa [[riwaya]] fupi * [[Fadhy Mtanga]] (1981– ), mwandishi wa riwaya na mpiga [[picha]] * [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] (1948– ), mwandishi wa riwaya * [[Ebrahim N. Hussein]] (1943– ), mwandishi wa michezo na [[insha]] pamoja na mfasiri * [[Prince Kagwema]] (1931– ), [[mtunzi]] wa riwaya * [[Euphrase Kezilahabi]] (1944–2020), mtunzi wa riwaya na [[Ushairi|mshairi]] * [[Ben Owden]] * [[Jacqueline Massawe]], mshairi<ref>[http://www.theafronews.eu/cover_stories-jacqueline_kibacha_social_justice_poet_and_activist_1585.html Jacqueline Kibacha, social justice poet and activist] https://web.archive.org/web/20110313075832/http://www.theafronews.eu/cover_stories-jacqueline_kibacha_social_justice_poet_and_activist_1585.html |date=13 March 2011 }}.''The AfroNews'', 15 December 2009.</ref>. * [[Aniceti Kitereza]] (1896–1981), mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Elieshi Lema]] (1949– ), mwandishi wa riwaya <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/46-tow-2013/207-elieshi-lema-tanzania |title=Elieshi Lema (Tanzania) |publisher=Centre for Creative Arts |accessdate=2015-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624071348/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/tow-past-participants/46-tow-2013/207-elieshi-lema-tanzania |archive-date=24 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Amandina Lihamba]] (1944– ), playwright<ref>'Lihamba, Amandina', in Simon Gikandi & Evan Mwangi, ''The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945'', pp. 94–5.</ref> * [[Ismael R. Mbise]], mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Penina Muhando]] (1948– ), playwright<ref>Lee Nichols, ''Conversations with African Writers: interviews with twenty-six African authors'', 1981, pp. 139ff.</ref>. * [[Sandra A. Mushi]], fiction writer, mshairi<ref>[http://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=1 Profiled] {{Wayback|url=http://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=1 |date=20120313123920 }} in ''Soma Magazine''</ref>. * [[Elvis Musiba]] (alifariki 2010), mwandishi wa riwaya za [[Kiswahili]]<ref>Judica Tarimo, [http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/?l=22747 EA Community mourns Musiba], ''IPP Media'', 4 November 2010.</ref>. * [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]] (1949– ), mwandishi * [[Christopher Richard Mwashinga]] (1965– ), mshairi na mwandishi wa insha * [[Ras Nas]], mshairi na [[mwanamuziki]] * [[Julius Nyerere]] (1922–1999), mwandishi na mfasiri * [[Nancy Sumari]] (2013–2020), mwandishi wa [[Kitabu|vitabu]] vya [[Mtoto|watoto]] <ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/success/MEET-THE-AUTHOR--Writing-for-a-future-generation/1843788-2431250-yvti4p/index.html MEET THE AUTHOR: Writing for a future generation]</ref>. * [[Peter Palangyo]] (1939–1993), mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Hammie Rajab]], mwandishi wa riwaya za Kiswahili<ref>Mikhail D. Gromov, [http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/SwaFo/SF_15_02_Gromov.pdf Swahili Popular Literature in Recent Years] https://web.archive.org/web/20110929150240/http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/SwaFo/SF_15_02_Gromov.pdf |date=29 September 2011 }}, ''Swahili Forum'' 15 (2008):5–13</ref>. * [[Shaaban Robert]] (1909–1962), mshairi na mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Emily Ruete]] (1844–1924) * [[Gabriel Ruhumbika]] (1938– ), mtunzi wa riwaya na masimulizi * [[Edwin Semzaba]], mtunzi wa riwaya, [[mwigizaji]] na muongozaji * [[Shaaban Robert]] (1902–1962), mshairi, mwandishi wa insha na wa vitabu * [[Shafi Adam Shafi]], mtunzi wa riwaya za Kiswahili <ref>Xavier Garnier, ''Le roman swahili: la notion de littérature mineure à l'épreuve'', 2006, p. 122.</ref> * [[Erica Sugo Anyadike]], mwandishi na mtunzi wa masimulizi mafupi * [[Simon Rieber]], mwandishi na [[Uchoraji|mchoraji]] * [[Josephs Quartzy]], mwandishi na mwigizaji * [[Nahida Esmail]], mwandishi na mtunzi wa masimulizi mafupi<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/success/nahida-esmail-on-writing-books-2587196,</ref> * [[Daniel Mbega]], mwandishi, mchapishaji na mtunzi wa riwaya * [[Daudi Lubeleje]], mwandishi na msanifu wa kazi za uandishi * [[Richard Richard Mwambe]] (2012-), mwandishi na mtunzi wa riwaya za kipelelezi * [[Suleiman A. Kijogoo]], mwandishi wa vitabu vya saikolojia ya maisha, riwaya na vitabu vya shuleni * Gwamaka Mwamasage, mwandishi na mtunzi wa riwaya * Bashiru Abdallah, mwandishi wa mashairi ya Kiswahili ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}}11. https://mkukinanyota.com/product/bure-ghali-ushairi/?srsltid=AfmBOor01IYiY33bSISoYFHru239NWwHVDR1OyoUGp_th4EDmKbu2_wN<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bure Ghali – Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers|url=https://mkukinanyota.com/product/bure-ghali-ushairi/|accessdate=2026-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref>{{Mbegu-lugha}} [[Jamii:Orodha za watu]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Tanzania]] 7jlte2os64v8d389pvmbna019c6fy1l Karonga 0 145703 1582437 1516527 2026-07-30T07:48:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Street in Old Town, Karonga. Northern Malawi.jpg|alt=Mji Mkongwe, Karonga. Kaskazini mwa Malawi|thumb|Mji Mkongwe, Karonga. Kaskazini mwa Malawi]] '''Karonga''' ni [[mji]] [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Malawi]] kwenye [[mwambao]] wa [[Ziwa Nyasa]]. Ni [[makao makuu]] ya [[Wilaya ya Karonga]] inayopakana na [[Tanzania]]. Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2018]], Karonga ilikadiriwa kuwa na wakazi 61,609. == Jiografia == Karonga iko kwenye mwinuko wa [[mita]] 478 juu ya [[UB]] kwenye ufuo wa [[magharibi]] wa [[Nyasa (ziwa)|Ziwa Nyasa]].<ref name="FR">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Karonga.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Karonga, Malawi|work=FallingRain Genomics|accessdate=21 June 2008|archive-date=2006-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519225931/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/MI/0/Karonga.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Historia == [[Zana]] za [[zama za mawe za kale]] na mabaki ya [[viumbehai]] waliofanana na [[binadamu]] wa kwanza zinaonyesha kwamba maeneo ya Karonga yalikaliwa mapema sana. Ugunduzi huo ulikuwa katika eneo la [[uchimbaji]] wa Malema {{Convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} kutoka Karonga. Wakati wa [[karne ya 19]] kabla ya mwaka [[1877]] Karonga ilifahamika [[ngome]] ya Mlozi aliyekuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] [[biashara ya watumwa|wa watumwa]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312634/Karonga|title=Karonga|date=2008|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=8 August 2008}}</ref> Mnamo [[1883]] kituo cha [[biashara]] cha [[Uingereza]] kilifunguliwa huko ambacho kiliendelea kikawa chanzo cha mji wa leo. <ref name="britannica" /> Mvumbuzi Mwingereza Harry Johnston alivamia ngome ya Mlozi na kumaliza utawala wake. <ref name="britannica" /> Kuanzia hapo Karonga ikawa kituo muhimu cha biashara na [[kilimo]]. <ref name="britannica" /> Mnamo Desemba [[2009]] eneo hilo lilipata mfululizo wa [[matetemeko ya ardhi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Malawi]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Ziwa Nyasa]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Malawi]] 5mnr64zqjik1nor9ou60ail1mzdb4ep Wanjeri Nderu 0 146434 1582414 1219121 2026-07-30T04:36:37Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:International Human Rights Day 2018 (44441781260).jpg|thumb|right|Wanjeri Nderu, 2018.]] '''Wanjeri Nderu''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1979]]) ni [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]] kutoka [[Kenya]]. == Wasifu == Nderu alizaliwa na kukulia [[Nairobi]]. Alihudhuria [[Shule ya msingi|Shule ya Msingi]] ya Racecourse huko Kariakor, Mountain View Academy huko Thika na kisha Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Kahuhia. Mwamko wake wa kisiasa ulianza utotoni, wakati mali yake iliposhambuliwa kama sehemu ya ghasia za 'Saba Saba'. Alisomea uandishi wa habari za utangazaji katika Taasisi ya Kenya ya Mawasiliano ya Watu Misa, kabla ya kuanza taaluma yake mwaka wa 2005 katika sekta ya bima. Mwaka 2013 Nderu aliacha sekta ya bima akiwa na wazo la kujitolea kwa mashirika ya haki za kijamii kwa mwaka mmoja. Ilikuwa ni kipindi hiki ambapo alivuma sana kwa harakati zake. Ili kufadhili uanaharakati wake na kusaidia familia yake yeye ni mshauri wa mawasiliano aliyejiajiri kwa mashirika ya sekta ya tatu.Nderu ni Mkikuyu ameolewa na ana watoto watatu. == Uanaharakati == Nderu anajiona kama mpigania haki za kijamii, anayefanya kazi kutokomeza dhuluma nchini Kenya. Anatumia [[Mtandao wa kijamii|mitandao ya kijamii]] kuhamasisha watu na mara nyingi hufanya kampeni kuhusu masuala ambayo yamepitia mapungufu kati ya sekta binafsi (NGOs), kama vile ubakaji wa watoto wa kiume. Ameendesha kampeni kadhaa mtandaoni, zikiwemo: #StopExtraJudicialKillings, #FreeSSudan4, pamoja na kufanya kampeni kwa ajili ya uchaguzi huru na wa amani. Amenyanyaswa ana kwa ana na mtandaoni mara nyingi.Mnamo 2014 alikamatwa kwa kuhudhuria maandamano ya amani dhidi ya mishahara ya juu kwa wanasiasa nchini Kenya. Mwaka wa 2015 alishambuliwa na mwanamume katika kituo cha maduka, na kusababisha uso wake kuvimba tangazo na michubuko. Alikaribia kupoteza jicho lake.Nderu anaamini alishambuliwa kwa sababu amekuwa akizungumza kuhusu ufisadi nchini Kenya, katika kituo hicho, na pia mtandaoni.Mnamo mwaka 2017 alifuatwa nyumbani na gari lisilokuwa na alama, ambalo lilimlazimu kuliacha gari lake mahali pengine, kutoroka kupitia mkahawa na kupata teksi nyumbani. Kesi ya #JusticeForKhadija, ambayo Nderu alihusika, iliangazia majukumu ambayo wanawake haswa hucheza katika kiwango cha uanaharakati wa mwanzoninchini Kenya. Mnamo 2018, Nderu alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha York kwenye Ushirika wa Watetezi wa Haki za Kibinadamu, akiwa na lengo akilini la kujifunza jinsi ya kuunda nafasi na mifumo ya afya ya akili kwa wanaharakati nchini Kenya.Pia aliandaa hafla ya Siku ya Kimataifa ya Haki za Kibinadamu katika Ofisi ya [[Uingereza]] ya Mambo ya Nje na Jumuiya ya Madola.Mapema mwaka huo yeye na wanaharakati wengine wa haki za binadamu walipeleka serikali ya Kenya mahakamani kuhusu ufisadi ndani ya kampuni zinazomilikiwa na serikali [10] - kampeni iliitwa Stop These Thieves On Your Own.Mnamo 2019 alishiriki katika Ripoti ya Chuo Kikuu cha Birmingham kuhusu unyanyasaji wa kijinsia nchini Kenya, akiongelea uzoefu wake kama mwanaharakati. == Tuzo == # Tuzo za Siku ya Kimataifa ya Kupambana na Ufisadi, 2016 - Tuzo ya Uadilifu # Ushirika wa Kinga kwa Watetezi wa Haki za Kibinadamu, 2018 - Ushirika {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] 2b95siji36ru72mi2n6w1z92ci80yy2 Harvey Molotch 0 151151 1582362 1513479 2026-07-29T14:31:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harvey Luskin Molotch''' (amezaliwa [[Januari]] 3, [[1940]]) ni [[Sosholojia|mwanasosholojia]] wa Kimarekani anayejulikana kwa tafiti ambazo zimegundua tena uhusiano wa nguvu katika mwingiliano, [[vyombo vya habari]], na jiji. Alisaidia kuunda uwanja wa [[sosholojia]] ya mazingira na ana mbinu za hali ya juu katika [[Sayansi ya jamii|sayansi ya kijamii]] . Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, Molotch alisaidia kukuza uwanja mpya-sosholojia ya vitu. Kwa sasa ni profesa wa [[Sosholojia]] na Masomo ya Metropolitan katika Chuo Kikuu cha New York . <ref>http://www.nyu.edu/academics/open-education/faculty-highlights/harvey-molotch.html</ref> ''Utangulizi Wake kwa Sosholojia'' umeangaziwa kama mojawapo ya kozi za [[Elimu]] Huria za NYU zinazopatikana ili kutiririshwa bila malipo. <ref>http://www.nyu.edu/academics/open-education/coursesnew/intro-sociology.html</ref> Kozi nyingine anazofundisha ni pamoja na ''Mbinu za Mafunzo ya Metropolitan'' na ''Vitu vya Mjini'' . Pia anahusishwa na programu ya wahitimu katika Humanities na Social Thought. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.draper.fas.nyu.edu/object/draper.people.mastersteachers|title=XE: Experimental Humanities & Social Engagement|accessdate=2022-05-30|archive-date=2016-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630132945/http://www.draper.fas.nyu.edu/object/draper.people.mastersteachers|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasifu == Molotch alizaliwa Harvey Luskin huko [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], ambapo familia yake ilikuwa katika biashara ya magari ya rejareja upande mmoja na biashara ya vifaa vya nyumbani ya Luskin kwa upande mwingine. Baba yake, Paul Luskin, alikufa katika Vita vya Bulge mnamo 1944 wakati [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia|wa Vita vya Kidunia vya pili]] . Mama yake aliolewa tena na Nathan Molotch. Alipata BA katika falsafa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan ([[1963]]), na nadharia ya [[John Dewey]] . Alipata MA ([[1966]]) na PhD ([[1968]]) katika sosholojia kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago]] . Alihudumu katika [[Jeshi la Marekani|Jeshi la Merika]], lililowekwa [[Maryland]] na [[Virginia]], [[1961]]-62. Alifundisha katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], Santa Barbara kutoka [[1967]] hadi [[2003]]. Pia amekuwa profesa mgeni katika Chuo Kikuu cha Stony Brook, Chuo Kikuu cha Essex, na Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern . Mnamo [[1998]]-99 alikuwa Profesa wa Centennial katika [[London School of Economics|Shule ya Uchumi ya London]] . == Marejeo == [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Elimu jamii]] lag11vpylb7xu4ovw3r1zm51bmufo82 Green Belt Movement 0 178177 1582416 1513143 2026-07-30T04:38:40Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Green Belt Movement''' ('''GBM''') ni shirika la asilia nchini [[Kenya]] ambalo huwawezesha wanawake kupitia upandaji miti. GBM ni mojawapo ya mashirika ambalo msingi ya ufanisi inayojulikana sana kushughulikia tatizo la [[ukataji miti]] duniani kote. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida|last=Schell|first=Eileen E.|date=2013|title=Transnational Environmental Justice Rhetorics and the Green Belt Movement: Wangari Muta Maathai's Ecological Rhetorics and Literacies|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43854569|journal=JAC|volume=33|issue=3/4|pages=585–613|issn=2162-5190|jstor=43854569}}</ref> Profesa [[Wangari Maathai]] alianzisha shirika hilo mnamo 1977 chini ya ufadhili wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake wa Kenya (NCWK). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Example 2: Kenya's Green Belt Movement {{!}} Community Tool Box|url=https://ctb.ku.edu/en/increasing-participation-and-membership/examples/example2|accessdate=2022-02-09|work=ctb.ku.edu}}</ref> Mafanikio ya shirika hili katika uhifadhi wa misitu, elimu, na uwezeshaji wa wanawake kiuchumi yamelipatia shirika sifa tele duniani kote. Pia, shirika hiyo inajulikana kwa utetezi wake wa [[haki za binadamu]], demokrasia ya upatikanaji wa ardhi ya utumizi waumma, <ref name="Obi 2005">{{Rejea jarida|last=Obi|first=C. I.|date=2005|title=Environmental movements in Sub-Saharan Africa: a political ecology of power and conflict|url=http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/search/8F344D7B26C12A79C1256DD600575D33?OpenDocument&cntxt=E48ED&cookielang=en#top|language=English|access-date=2024-01-14|archive-date=2014-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102070734/http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/search/8F344D7B26C12A79C1256DD600575D33?OpenDocument&cntxt=E48ED&cookielang=en#top|dead-url=yes}}</ref> na masuala [[Haki ya mazingira|ya haki ya mazingira]] kama vile jukumu la ujuzi wa jadi wa ikolojia wa wanawake katika kushughulikia uharibifu wa mazingira na [[Kuongezeka Majangwa|jangwa]] . <ref name=":1" /> Kulingana na ripoti yao ya mwaka 2003, dhamira ya shirika la GBM ni ''"kuhamasisha ufahamu wa jamii kwa ajili ya kujitawala, haki, usawa, kupunguza umaskini, na uhifadhi wa mazingira, kwa kutumia miti kama mahali pa kuingilia."'' <ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Boyer-Rechlin|first=Bethany|date=2010|title=Women in Forestry: A Study of Kenya's Green Belt Movement and Nepal's Community Forestry Program|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research|volume=25|pages=69–72|doi=10.1080/02827581.2010.506768}}</ref> GBM haihusiani tena moja kwa moja na NCWK na inaratibu mtandao wa kitaifa wa vikundi vya wanawake vinavyopanda miti na kufanya kazi za uhifadhi wa mazingira na maendeleo ya jamii. Kazi yao ni kupambana na [[ukataji miti]], kurejesha vyanzo vya mafuta ya kupikia, kuzalisha mapato, na kukomesha mmomonyoko wa udongo . <ref name=":0" /> Maathai alijumuisha utetezi na uwezeshaji kwa wanawake, utalii wa mazingira, na maendeleo ya kiuchumi kwa ujumla katika Vuguvugu la Green Belt. Wangari Maathai alianza harakati mwaka mnamo 1977, zaidi ya miti milioni 51 imepandwa, na zaidi ya wanawake 30,000 wamepewa mafunzo ya misitu, [[Usindikaji|usindikaji wa chakula]], ufugaji nyuki, na biashara nyinginezo ambazo zinawasaidia kupata mapato wakati wa kuhifadhi ardhi na rasilimali zao. Jamii nchini Kenya (wanaume na wanawake) zimehamasishwa na kupangwa ili kuzuia uharibifu zaidi wa mazingira na kurejesha yale ambayo yameharibiwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Green Belt Movement, and the Story of Wangari Maathai|url=https://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/media/2005/03/26/the-green-belt-movement-the-story-of-wangari-maathai|accessdate=2022-02-09|work=YES! Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Wangari Maathai alipokea Tuzo ya [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani|Amani ya Nobel]] mwaka wa 2004 kwa kazi yake na Green Belt Movement. == Usuli == Ukataji miti imechangia sana kwa kuenea kwa jangwazingira na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Green Belt Movement ni mojawapo ya mashirika ya msingi yenye ufanisi na inayoonekana kushughulikia masuala haya. <ref name=":1"/> Shirika la The Green Belt Movement lilianzishwa mwaka wa 1977 na [[Wangari Maathai]] na Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake la Kenya, na baadaye likakua vuguvugu la mashinani la kuwawezesha wanawake kiuchumi na uwakili wa ardhi. Karatasi ya 2005 ya [[UNRISD|Taasisi ya Utafiti ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Maendeleo ya Jamii]] (UNRISD) ilisema kwamba nchini Kenya, unyakuzi wa serikali wa ardhi ya umma kwa matumizi binafsi unaleta tishio kwa maisha na usalama wa chakula wa wakulima na maskini wanaofanya kazi, na kwamba GBM "imezama sana. "katika matokeo ya mapambano ya udhibiti wa ardhi ya umma. <ref name="Obi 2005"/> Maathai na shirika la GBM waliunganisha kutengwa kwa wanawake na umaskini na uharibifu wa mazingira na kukuza mtazamo wa chini wa maendeleo kwa kukuza na kuwezesha wanawake kudhibiti mazingira. Nia yao ni kuhakikisha kuwa wanawake wanakuwa na vyanzo huru vya mapato na pia kuhifadhi mazingira kupitia usimamizi endelevu wa rasilimali. <ref name="Obi 2005"/> Kabla ya kuanzishwa kwa shirika la Green Belt Movement, haswa katika miaka ya 1970, kulikuwa na muundo wa fursa za ki[[siasa]] uliowekewa vikwazo ndani ya Kenya kwa sababu serikali wakati huo ilikuwa inakandamiza kisiasa. Serikali ya Kenya ilitawaliwa na wanaume na mitazamo yao ya mfumo dume na kandamizi, ambayo ilizua masuala mengi kwa wanawake. Wanawake wengi kote nchini Kenya walikuwa wakihangaika kulisha familia zao, kupata rasilimali asilia kwa mfano (maji, kuni). Zaidi ya hayo, wanawake wengi wa Kenya hawakuwa na aina yoyote ya ulinzi wa kisheria au kusema linapokuja suala la siasa nchini Kenya. Wanawake walikandamizwa na kutendewa vibaya sana hivi kwamba hawakuruhusiwa kuwa serikalini au kuhudhuria mikutano ya kisiasa. Hatimaye mabadiliko ndani ya Kenya na serikali yake yalitokea. Vuguvugu la Green Belt lilitekeleza jukumu muhimu katika kubadilisha njia ambazo wanawake walitendewa, kutengwa na kutumiwa nchini Kenya. Kuundwa kwa shirika la Green Belt kama juhudi zisizo tishio za uhifadhi wa mazingira kulileta athari kubwa kwa serikali na jamii wakati ambapo aina nyingine nyingi za uanaharakati zilionekana kuwa tishio kwa serikali. Hata hivyo, kwa kuwahimiza wanawake kuhoji nafasi zao na kutoa changamoto kwa taasisi za kijamii na kisiasa ambazo zinawaweka wanawake kufuata kanuni za Green Belt Movement hatimaye zilianzishwa rasmi. Shirika la Green Belt Movement ilianzishwa na Maathai mwaka wa 1977, lakini alianzisha shirika hilo kwa sababu ya yale aliyosoma, kufundisha, kushuhudia, kujifunza na kutaka kubadilika. Alianza kwa kuanzisha vuguvugu, lakini kabla ya kuanzisha vuguvugu hilo alihusika alikuwa sehemu ya shirika lingine la mazingira. Maathai aliwahi kuwa mwenyekiti wa bodi ya Kituo cha Mawasiliano cha Mazingira cha [[Mradi wa Umoja wa Mataifa Kuhusu Mazingira|UNEP]], ambacho leo kinaitwa Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Uhusiano wa Mazingira. Kutoka kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa UNLEP, baadaye mwaka wa 1974, alibadili gia, na kuanza kuelekeza muda na nguvu zake katika kukabiliana na masuala ya mazingira. Maathai alilenga juhudi katika kupambana na masuala ya ukataji miti, na jinsi ya kurekebisha masuala mengine mbalimbali yanayohusiana na misitu ili kuboresha ubora wa maisha kwa jumla kwa wanawake na watoto nchini Kenya. Maathai alianza programu na taratibu za upandaji miti katika jumuiya za wenyeji/ kulenga jumuiya zisizo na uwezo wa kufikia [[maliasili]] za kimsingi kama vile maji au mpunga. Mti wa kwanza wa upandaji wa kuwezesha GBH ulifanyika tarehe 5 Juni 1977, na ulihusisha makabila saba yakiheshimiwa kupitia upandaji miti. Ilifanyika Nairobi, mji mkuu wa Kenya, na miti ikapandwa, ikiashiria mwanzo wa kile ambacho kingekuwa vuguvugu lenye ushawishi mkubwa kimataifa ambalo linapinga miundo ya kivita ya jamii zinazokandamiza jamii za vijijini nchini Kenya. Hata hivyo, programu na taratibu za upandaji miti zilichukua muda mwingi kwa ushirikishwaji kutokea ndani ya jamii. Kulikuwa na majaribio kadhaa yaliyofanywa na hatimaye Maathai na wafanyakazi mbalimbali wa GBM walianzisha programu zilizofaulu. Mara nyingi Maathai aliwaambia wafanyakazi wenzake katika shirika la GBM, "Tuko kwenye wimbo ambao haujagunduliwa hapo awali. Tuko kwa msingi wa majaribio na makosa. Ikiwa tulichokifanya jana hakijaleta matokeo mazuri, tusirudie leo maana ni kupoteza muda".  Hata hivyo, wakati wa utekelezaji wa programu ya upandaji miti, Shirika la GBM pia ilipata vikwazo vingi kwa sababu ya ukosefu wake wa fedha na usaidizi. Hii ilipelekea Wangari Maathai kujiunga na Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake la Kenya kama mwanachama wa kamati kuu. Kutoka kwa Maathai kujiunga na baraza la Green Belt Movement liliweza kupata usikivu wa kimataifa na kuungwa mkono na wanawake na serikali. GBM pia iliweza kupata usaidizi zaidi lilipokuja suala la kuwezesha mipango ya upandaji miti na programu za elimu. Maathai aliweza kuendeleza harakati za Ukanda wa Kijani kupitia kupanua mawasiliano yake kwa umma (mitandao ya vyombo vya habari/wafuasi), kupata ufadhili zaidi kuelekea miradi ya upandaji miti au mipango ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, na kwa ujumla msaada zaidi ili kuhakikisha mafanikio ya shirika. Baada ya kujiunga na Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake wa Kenya, Maathai aliendelea kuelimisha jamii na kuwezesha programu za kudumu za kufikia. Hatimaye shirika la GBM ilitekeleza mpango wake wa upandaji miti kote nchini Kenya. Green Belt Movement ilipanda maelfu ya miche ya miti katika safu ndefu ili kuunda mikanda ya kijani ya miti, na hivyo kuashiria mwanzo wa Mwendo wa Ukanda wa Kijani. "Mikanda" hii ilikuwa na faida za kutoa kivuli na kuzuia upepo, kuwezesha uhifadhi wa udongo, kuboresha uzuri wa uzuri wa mazingira na kutoa makazi kwa ndege na wanyama wengine wadogo. Wakati wa sherehe hizi za upandaji miti, wanajamii kwa kawaida walijitokeza kwa wingi. Ili kufikiria shughuli hii ya haraka ya kuunda mikanda ya miti ili kupamba ardhi iliyo uchi, jina "Green Belt Movement" lilitumiwa." Kwa sababu ilipata usaidizi na ufadhili kutoka kwa Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake la Kenya, GBM iliweza kuendeleza kazi na juhudi zake Kenya nzima. Kupitia mtazamo, ustahimilivu, na juhudi za Maathai, vuguvugu hilo lilipata mvuto mkubwa nchini Kenya na kote ulimwenguni. Hatimaye, upandaji wa pili wa miti ulitokea mwaka wa 1979 ambayo ulihusisha upandaji wa miti na mamia ya wanawake katika shamba la mashambani nchini Kenya. Baada ya upandaji wa pili wa miti shirika la GBM iliweza kuendelea kukua ni shirika na pia waliweza kufanya utafiti na tafiti muhimu kuhusu Kenya na matatizo yake ya mazingira. Kutokana na utafiti na uanaharakati GBM iliendelea kufanya, waliweza kutambua hitaji ambalo jamii za vijijini na wanawake walihitaji hasa. Kutokana na utafiti wao, walianza kusambaza miche kwa wanawake na jamii za vijijini. Shirika la GBM pia iliwezesha utekelezaji wa shughuli za kuzalisha mapato, na kufundisha jamii kuhusu mazoea endelevu ya mazingira. Baada ya upandaji wake wa pili wa miti, na uanzishwaji wa miradi na mipango mingine kadhaa ilipelekea shirika la GBM kushiriki na kuwezesha aina mbalimbali za harakati za kisiasa. Hasa katika miaka ya 1989-1994, shirika la Green Belt lilidumisha malengo yake ya kutogombana, huku Wangari Maathai akipinga waziwazi uwanja wa kisiasa. Maathai na shirika la GBM walishirikiana na mashirika na wanajamii kote nchini Kenya kutetea mazoea endelevu ya mazingira, haki za wanawake, na matatizo mengine mbalimbali ya kimazingira. Zaidi ya hayo, katika kipindi chote shirika la Green Belt, waandaaji wa vuguvugu hilo walikuwa wameweza kuelimisha wanajamii juu ya mazoea ya utatuzi usio na vurugu. Kupitia kuelimisha jamii kuhusu mazoea ya kutatua matatizo yasiyo ya vurugu na kuhusu siasa, GBM pamoja na mashirika ya kimataifa na wanajamii wameweza kuanzisha mabadiliko ndani ya serikali ya Kenya, na kanuni za kijamii, kisiasa na kiuchumi nchini Kenya. Zaidi ya hayo, wanawake kote nchini Kenya wameweza kushiriki mara kwa mara katika siasa za Kenya, jambo ambalo limelazimisha mabadiliko nchini Kenya kutokea. Wakati wote wa kuanzishwa kwa shirika la Green Belt Movement, vuguvugu hilo lilikabiliwa na matatizo na unyanyasaji mbalimbali. Hasa katika miaka ya 1980, shirika la Green Belt lilikuwa likinyanyaswa sana katika ngazi ya chini ndani ya jamii na katika ofisi kuu. Kwa mfano, Green Belt Movement ilifukuzwa kutoka kwa ofisi inayomilikiwa na serikali waliyokuwa wamefanya kazi kwa miaka 10. Lakini siku hizi, GBM linaangazia mkazo katika mabadiliko ya moja kwa moja ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jamii ili kuhakikisha kuwa hazitambuliwi kuwa na ajenda ya kisiasa. Kwa kuangazia ukosefu wa tishio la moja kwa moja, shirika hili linaweza kufanya kazi bila kutisha wasomi wa kufanya maamuzi ambao kwa sasa wananufaika na ukosefu wa usawa nchini Kenya. Zaidi ya hayo, vuguvugu limepiga hatua kubwa katika kusaidia jamii za vijijini, kurejesha na kuboresha maliasili na mifumo ya ikolojia, na kuelimisha/kuwawezesha wanawake kote nchini Kenya. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Unbowed: a memoir|url=https://archive.org/details/unbowedmemoir0000maat|last=Wangari Maathai|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|year=2006|isbn=0307263487|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unbowedmemoir0000maat/page/184 184]–205}}</ref> === Muktadha wa kisiasa wa kijinsia === "Wanawake wa Kiafrika kwa ujumla wanahitaji kujua kuwa ni sawa kuwa jinsi walivyo kuona jinsi walivyo kama nguvu, na kukombolewa kutoka kwa woga na ukimya." – Wangari Maathai Kabla ya kuanzisha shirika la GBM, Maathai alikuwa amefanya kazi mbalimbali za kusafiri, kusoma, kufundisha, na kujitolea, ambayo ilimruhusu kutambua masuala makuu yanayotokea katika jumuiya za vijijini kutoka kwa mtazamo wa kimataifa. Lakini Wangari Maathai aliporejea Kenya mwaka wa 1969, alianza kufanya kazi na mashirika ya kiraia. Alijiunga na bodi ya Kituo cha Uhusiano na Mazingira na kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake wa Kenya (NCWK). Mashirika haya yote mawili yalimruhusu Maathai kupata ujuzi, kufanya utafiti, na kuelewa masuala yanayofanyika ndani ya jumuiya yake. "Alipokuwa akihudumu katika Kituo cha Uhusiano wa Mazingira, Maathai alipata fursa kuhusika kwa mazungumzo kuhusu uharibifu wa mazingira unaotokea katika uwanja wake wa nyuma. Katika NCWK, Maathai alisikiliza sauti na hadithi za mamia ya wanawake wa vijijini na mijini ambao walipata utapiamlo na umaskini. Kupungua kwa kuni kulisababisha akina mama wasiweze kupika vyakula vyao vya asili. Badala yake walianza kupika wali mweupe uliorutubishwa na bidhaa nyingine zilizoagizwa kutoka nje ambazo, ingawa zina wanga nyingi, hazikuwa na vitamini na madini. Watoto walitiwa magonjwa na utapiamlo". Kutokana na kuona hali ya kutisha ambayo wanawake kote nchini Kenya walikuwa wakikabiliana nayo, Maathai aliunganisha dots kati ya uharibifu wa mazingira unaosababisha na kulazimisha jamii kubwa kuteseka. Idadi kubwa ya masuala yanayozunguka msitu wa Kenya ni pamoja na ukataji miti, kutoweka kwa mimea, mbinu hatari za kilimo (mazao na mashamba), na kiwango kikubwa cha uharibifu wa udongo (mmomonyoko wa udongo, utoaji wa mchanga, nk. ) Masuala haya yaliathiri watu wa Kenya kwa kiasi kikubwa kiasi kwamba wanawake na watoto walikuwa wakifa njaa na kufa kila mara. Maathai alichukua jukumu la kufanya kitu juu yake, ambayo ndiyo iliyosababisha Vuguvugu la Green Belt kuanzishwa mnamo 1977. Kutokana na Vuguvugu la Green Belt kuundwa, lilianzisha wanawake kujihusisha na siasa na katika siasa mbalimbali zinazozunguka maliasili na mifumo ya ikolojia ya Kenya. Mwanzoni ushiriki wa wanawake ulianza na mpango wa upandaji miti na polepole ukakua hata zaidi ya mpango wa upandaji miti tu. Shirika la GBM ilianza kupitisha miche kwa wanawake na kufundisha vikundi vya wanawake jinsi ya kupanda na kukuza miti kwa usahihi wao wenyewe. GBM pia ilitoa masomo ya bure kwa wanawake katika jumuiya za vijijini ili waweze kulima chakula chao wenyewe na kulisha watoto wao wenye njaa. Kupitia shirika la GBM kuchukua mikono na mbinu vamizi katika kuboresha jamii za vijijini ndani ya Kenya, wanawake wengi waliweza kupata maliasili walizohitaji/zinazohitaji ili kuishi na kuendelea kukuza familia zao. Kutokana na ushiriki wa GBM ndani ya Kenya, wanawake waliendelea kwenda kwa GBM na kutafuta usaidizi na rasilimali. Kiasi cha rasilimali na msaada wa GBM unaotolewa hasa kwa wanawake, unaoruhusiwa kwa wanawake kuwa wanaharakati wa harakati. Pia iliruhusu wanawake kupata rasilimali mbalimbali za elimu na kujiunga na juhudi za GBM, uanaharakati, na michango ya jumla kwa jamii za vijijini. Aina mbalimbali za uanaharakati na mwamko wa kisiasa ambao ulichochewa na unaendelea kukua kutoka kwa GBM unaweza kutathminiwa kupitia lenzi ya Ufeministi Weusi. Ufeministi mweusi hushughulikia hali halisi ya makutano yanayohusiana na utambulisho na aina nyingi za ukandamizaji, uzoefu wa wanawake Weusi haswa. Dhana ya ufeministi mweusi ingawa ilizuka na kuanza na Wangari Maathai. Maathai ana jukumu la kuanzisha na kukuza GBM, na kueneza kwa ujumla maoni ya kifeministi, maarifa na nyenzo za kielimu kote nchini Kenya. Alieneza maoni na maarifa yake ya ufeministi kutokana na ukweli kwamba alishuhudia na kuvumilia aina mbalimbali za ubaguzi, ubaguzi wa rangi, na ukosefu wa usawa wa kijinsia katika maisha yake yote. Kupitia uzoefu wake nchini Kenya, aliweka lengo kwa shirika la GBM kujumuisha kuwawezesha wanawake na kukuza mafanikio yao. Hili nalo lilianzisha ufeministi wa Weusi, ambao umekuwa dhana inayojulikana na harakati yake yenyewe. Tangu Maathai ajumuishe ufeministi wa watu weusi ndani ya GBM, idadi ya wanawake wanaojihusisha katika siasa za jamii zao, siasa za jimbo zima, na siasa zinazohusiana na GBM imeongezeka kwa kasi tangu 1977. Wanawake kwa kawaida hawatambui au kupata taarifa za kisiasa au rasilimali, lakini kupitia GBM, wanawake wa Kiafrika wamejihusisha na siasa. Hasa kupitia shirika la GBM, Maathai aliendelea kukuza ufeministi wa watu weusi. Alifanya hivi kupitia GBM kuruhusu wanawake nchini Kenya kuwa washikadau wakuu katika shirika. Kuwa mdau mkuu kumeruhusu wanawake kujadili na kuleta ufahamu kwa jamii zaidi na kuelimisha wanawake zaidi duniani kote. Zaidi ya hayo, imesaidia kuelimisha viongozi na waandaaji wa shirika la GBM ili GBM iweze kusaidia ipasavyo na kufikia jamii ambazo zinahitaji msaada. GBM pia inaendelea kukuza na kueneza ufeministi wa watu weusi kupitia kuandaa semina, mazungumzo ya kuzungumza, na mikutano/majadiliano mbalimbali ya kijamii. Semina zilizoandaliwa zilizowezeshwa na GBM, ziliruhusu wanawake kutoka jamii mbalimbali za mashambani za Kenya kujadili uzoefu wao wa uharibifu wa mazingira, maoni ya kisiasa, uzoefu wa kibaguzi, n.k. Kutokana na aina mbalimbali za mijadala na semina zinazofanyika, wanawake wanaweza kutengeneza suluhu kutoka kwa maarifa yaliyotawaliwa ili kupinga kutengwa na maarifa ya kitamaduni kuhusu jamii zao. Mikakati inayotumiwa na shirika la GBM na iliyoanzishwa na Maathai imechangia kunufaisha wanawake nchini Kenya pakubwa na imewaruhusu wanawake kujihusisha na siasa zinazotokea katika jamii zao za mashambani. Hata hivyo, hata baada ya aina mbalimbali za uungwaji mkono na kasi ambayo shirika la GBM imepata kwa miaka mingi, siasa ambazo GBM, na wanawake wote nchini Kenya wanakabiliana nazo, zina utata mkubwa na za mfumo dume. Kwa mfano, wanawake wanazuiwa kupata mtaji sawa na vikwazo vya kijamii na kisiasa katika umiliki wa ardhi kwa wanawake na kuzuiwa kujiunga na mikutano ya kufanya maamuzi. Kwa bahati nzuri, Green Belt Movement kwa ujumla ni shirika linalotaka kupunguza vitendo vya ukandamizaji kwa kukomesha unyakuzi wa ardhi, ukataji miti, na ufisadi. GBM pia inalenga katika kuelimisha wanawake kuhusu siasa na kuwahimiza kuchukua majukumu ya uongozi ndani ya GBM (hasa katika karne ya 21). GBM hata hutoa huduma za kisheria na ushauri kwa wanawake wanaohitaji msaada wa aina yoyote. Kupitia wingi wa uanaharakati na elimu shirika limeenea, limechangia mabadiliko katika kanuni na siasa za mfumo dume. Hasa, siku hizi, mtandao huu unajumuisha zaidi ya vikundi vya jamii elfu nne nchini Kenya ambavyo vinajitolea kulinda mazingira yao ya asili na kutekeleza ukombozi wa kila siku kwa wanawake. Idadi ya watu ambao wamejiunga na GBM imefanya majukumu ya maoni ya wanawake na wanaume kuhusu wanawake kubadilika nchini Kenya. Kadiri GBM inavyoathiri na kuelimisha Kenya na watu wake kwa ujumla, ndivyo mabadiliko zaidi katika sheria za Kenya, majukumu ya wanawake, na sheria/kanuni za mazingira kwa ujumla zitakavyotokea. == Shughuli == === Malengo Muhimu === Shirika la Green Belt Movement inafanya kazi katika maeneo makuu matano yanayojulikana kama "programu za msingi" # Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira # Uhifadhi wa Mazingira/Kupanda Miti # Green Belt Safaris (GBS) # Warsha za Mafunzo za Pan African # Wanawake wa Mabadiliko [kujenga uwezo] Kila moja ya programu hizi inalenga kuboresha na kukuza maisha ya wenyeji kwa kuhamasisha uwezo wao wenyewe ili kuboresha maisha yao na kulinda mazingira yao ya ndani, uchumi na utamaduni. === Maeneo ya shughuli === Shirika la Green Belt Movement inahusika katika maeneo makuu manne ya shughuli ambayo yanakuza uboreshaji wa maliasili na mifumo ikolojia inayozunguka jamii kote ulimwenguni. Sehemu kuu nne za shughuli za GBM ni pamoja na: # Kupanda Miti na Kuvuna Maji # Mabadiliko ya tabianchi # Utetezi Mkuu # Riziki ya Jinsia na Utetezi Shughuli za upandaji miti na uvunaji wa maji hupangwa, kubuniwa, kusakinishwa, na kufuatiliwa kwa jumla na shirika la GBM. Hata hivyo, pia inakuza jumuiya kusaidia kuhifadhi maliasili na mifumo ikolojia duniani kote. Shughuli za upandaji miti na uvunaji wa maji zinafanywa na GBM kwa kutumia "mbinu ya msingi wa umwagiliaji". Ambayo inahusisha GBM kupata jamii kuchangia katika kuhifadhi bioanuwai inayowazunguka, kurejesha mifumo ikolojia ya ndani/umma, na kupunguza [[Madhara ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa|athari za mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa]] . Eneo kubwa la shughuli kwa shirika la GBM linalenga kote huko Programu ya Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi. Mpango ambao GBM iliunda inalenga katika kupunguza mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kwa kutoa rasilimali za elimu/taarifa kwa jamii maskini na za vijijini. Mpango huo pia unalenga katika kuongeza uelewa kote ulimwenguni, ikilenga jamii za vijijini na rasilimali za elimu, programu, na rasilimali zingine mbalimbali. Shughuli kuu za utetezi za shirika la GBM ni pamoja na kutetea "uwajibikaji zaidi wa kisiasa na upanuzi wa nafasi ya kidemokrasia nchini Kenya. GBM imetoa wito, mara kwa mara, kukomeshwa kwa unyakuzi wa ardhi, ukataji miti na ufisadi." Zaidi ya hayo, Riziki ya Jinsia na Utetezi ambayo shirika la GBM ni inajumuisha mchanganyiko wa mbinu za utetezi za kimataifa na mashinani. GBM katika ngazi ya chini inalenga katika kuunda "jamii zinazostahimili hali ya hewa kupitia kurejesha na kulinda maeneo ya misitu, na kuunda maisha endelevu kwa jamii nchini Kenya na kote Afrika. Mtazamo wa GBM huwezesha jamii kuchukua hatua dhidi ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, ambayo athari zake tayari zinashuhudiwa kote barani Afrika, kupitia shughuli za usalama wa chakula na uvunaji wa maji (adaptation) na kupanda miti inayofaa katika sehemu zinazofaa (mitigation). Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, GBM inatetea sera ya mazingira ambayo inahakikisha ulinzi wa misitu ya asili na haki za jamii, hasa jamii zinazoishi karibu na katika mifumo ya ikolojia ya misitu katika Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara na Mfumo wa Mazingira wa Misitu ya Mvua ya Bonde la Kongo". == Miradi == Shirika la Green Belt tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 1977 limehusika na miradi mbalimbali. Miradi ambayo imekamilishwa na GBM imeorodheshwa hapa chini. * 1977: The Green Belt Movement ilianzishwa na Wangari Maathai kwa ushirikiano na Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake la Kenya. * Miaka ya 1980: Green Belt Movement ilianzisha zaidi ya vitalu vya miti 600 ambavyo viliwekwa na wanawake kote nchini Kenya (wanawake 2,500 - 3,000 wakisaidia). * Miaka ya 1980: Green Belt Movement ilianzisha takriban mikanda 2,000 ya kijani kibichi iliyobeba miche 1,000 ya miti kwenye kila ukanda wa kijani kibichi. * 1986: The Green Belt Movement iliunda Pan-African Green Belt Network. Mtandao huu uliundwa ili kuelimisha (wanawake hasa) juu ya upandaji miti ambao ni endelevu na salama kimazingira. Mtandao huu uliundwa katika nchi kadhaa zikiwemo Uganda, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, na Ethiopia. * 1989: The Green Belt Movement iliandaa maandamano makubwa ya umma dhidi ya ujenzi wa Times Tower. Serikali ya Kenya ilitangaza ujenzi wake na Shirika la Green Belt Movement lilipinga ujenzi wa jumba hilo lenye urefu wa futi 60, lililoko katika bustani ya [[Uhuru Park]] Nairobi. * 1998: Green Belt Movement inawezesha upandaji wake wa kwanza wa miti asilia kote nchini Kenya. Shirika la Green Belt Movement pia liliwezesha maandamano kadhaa kwa kushirikiana na upandaji miti ili kukomesha uharibifu na ubinafsishaji wa Msitu wa Karura. === 2006 === * GBM ilishirikiana na mashirika kadhaa na vikundi vya vitalu vya miti kwa mwaka mzima. Waliishia kupanda miti zaidi ya milioni 4.6 kote nchini Kenya. * GBM iliandaa warsha kadhaa zilizohusisha Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira. Warsha hizo ziliwezesha elimu ya upandaji miti, usimamizi endelevu wa misitu, na utekelezaji wa vitalu vya miti. Kupitia warsha za Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira, wanajamii mbalimbali kutoka jamii za Kenya walishiriki. Kwa jumla vitalu vipya 200 vya miti viliwekwa kote nchini Kenya. * GBM ilizindua kampeni za kimataifa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika kadhaa ya kimataifa. * GBM ilishirikiana na Work Foodbank na kuanza kazi/kuunda mradi mpya. Mradi huo ulilenga kutekeleza mipango ya upandaji miti kote nchini Kenya ili kukabiliana na athari za mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa zinazotokea. Upandaji miti na urejeshaji wa maeneo ya misitu ulifanyika katika Misitu ya Aberdare na Mlima Kenya. * GBM ilishirikiana na Wanajeshi wa Misitu wa Kenya kushiriki habari, kuandaa miradi ya sasa, na kukubaliana juu ya majukumu ya mashirika/ushirikiano wao ndani ya mipango yao ya upandaji miti. * Elimu ya Mazingira ya Shule ya GBM iliunganisha watoto wa shule na wazee kupitia shughuli za jamii za upandaji miti. * Vikundi 200 vipya vya vitalu vya miti viliundwa kote nchini Kenya, na kuanzishwa kwa Vyama vya Jamii vya Misitu kupitia warsha za uwezeshaji wa Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira. * Novemba 2006 – GBM ilizindua Mradi wa Kurejesha Misitu kwa ushirikiano na Benki ya Dunia, katika Mkutano wa 12 wa Nchi Wanachama (COP 12) kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi jijini Nairobi. * Mashirika mawili ya Kimataifa ya Misaada yalianzishwa: Green Belt Movement International - Amerika Kaskazini (GBMI-US) na Green Belt Movement International - Ulaya (GBMI-E). * Sura ya Kenya ya Baraza la Kiuchumi, Kijamii na Kitamaduni la Umoja wa Afrika (ECOSOCC) ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2006 na mashirika ya kiraia yenye makao yake mjini Nairobi. * Wakati wa COP 12 jijini Nairobi, Jumuiya ya Green Belt ilizindua Kampeni ya Mabilioni ya Miti kwa ushirikiano na Mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mazingira (UNEP) na Kituo cha Kilimo Mseto Duniani (ICRAF). * GBM iliendeleza kampeni ya "Mottainai" hadi Kenya mwaka wa 2006 ili kushughulikia suala la udhibiti wa taka, hasa matumizi ya kawaida ya mifuko ya plastiki ambayo haiwezi kuchakatwa au kutumika tena. * GBM ilifanya warsha za Utamaduni wa Bioanuwai katika shule 15 kote nchini Kenya. === 2007 === * 2007 pekee, jumuiya za GBM zilipanda zaidi ya miti milioni 4.8 nchini Kenya. * GBM ilifanikiwa kupanda miche kwenye minara mitano ya maji ya Kenya. * Ufadhili wa masomo ulitolewa kwa wasichana kadhaa ambao ni sehemu ya jumuiya zenye matatizo ya kiuchumi na GBM. * GBM ilishirikiana na Jeshi la Kenya na kupanda miti 44,000 katika Msitu wa Kamae. Miti hiyo ilipandwa ili kurejesha chanzo kikuu cha maji cha mlima Aberdare. * GBM iliwezesha na kuhimiza jamii kutoka kote nchini Kenya kupanda miti ili kurejesha Msitu wa Mau ambapo umeharibiwa au kukatwa miti. GBM pia ilihamasisha jamii kadhaa katika shughuli za usimamizi wa misitu, kilimo hai, na uvunaji wa maji. Kupitia shughuli ambazo GBM iliwezesha waliweza pia kuelimisha jamii juu ya na kutetea dhidi ya vitendo kadhaa vya uharibifu vya mazingira vinavyofanyika msituni (mf. Uchomaji mkaa na malisho ya ardhi kinyume cha sheria). Pia waliweza kupanda miti zaidi ya 400,000 kwa mafanikio katika Msitu wa Mau kwa usaidizi wa jamii nyingi za wenyeji. Hata hivyo, mwaka wa 2007, GBM ilikumbana na matatizo na ilisimamishwa kuendelea na shughuli zao na utetezi ndani ya Msitu wa Mau. Hii ilitokana na ghasia nyingi za baada ya uchaguzi uliofanyika nchini Kenya. * Maabara ya Mifumo ya Taarifa za Kijiografia ya GBM (GIS) ilianza kufanya kazi kikamilifu kwa maafisa wa uga wa GBM, programu za elimu na programu za utetezi. Maabara pia ilitoa habari mbalimbali na utafiti wa kihistoria kuhusu miradi ya sasa na miradi ya baadaye ambayo GBM inapanga kufanya. Kuna miradi mbalimbali kuanzia mipango ya upandaji miti, hadi kufunga vitalu vya miti, na kupanga miradi ya kaboni. * Mradi wa GBM wa Bio-Carbon (kutoka 2006), ulipata kibali mwaka 2007 kutoka kwa Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Usimamizi wa Mazingira (NEM). Mradi huo pia ulihusisha GBM ikishirikiana na Jeshi la Kenya kuandaa mfululizo wa shughuli za upandaji miti na mazoezi. Mazoezi ya upandaji miti yalifanyika katika Msitu wa Kamae na kuhusisha mamia ya jamii kutoka kote nchini Kenya kushiriki katika shughuli za upandaji miti. Zaidi ya hayo, Jeshi la Kenya lilitoa usaidizi mbalimbali wa vifaa kwa GBM ili mazoezi na shughuli za upandaji miti kwa wingi ziweze kufaulu. * GBM iliendelea kukuza kampeni ya utetezi ya "Mottaini". GBM ilishiriki katika kutetea kupiga marufuku uuzaji, uzalishaji, na uagizaji wa mifuko yote ya nailoni (mifuko ya plastiki) ndani ya jiji la Nairobi. Marufuku hiyo ilipendekezwa na GBM ya kupiga marufuku mifuko ya plastiki ili kusaidia kukomesha uharibifu wa mazingira kutokea. GBM chini ya kampeni ya "Mottaini" pia ilitoa mafunzo kwa watu 10,000, walimu, wanafunzi, viongozi wa biashara, wasimamizi wa maduka, viongozi wa mashirika ya kiraia na vikundi vya kujitolea vya kimataifa walipewa mafunzo na kuelimishwa juu ya umuhimu wa "Mottaninai". Mafunzo ya watu 10,000 ndani ya Kenya yaliruhusu uharibifu wa mazingira ukomeshwe (kwa kiasi fulani) na mazoea ya kudumisha mazingira kuenea katika jamii za mashambani nchini Kenya. * GBM ilishirikiana na mashirika yake ya kimataifa, Green Belt Movement International–Amerika Kaskazini (GBMI-US) na Green Belt Movement International–Europe (GBMIEurope) kuandaa na kukusanya msururu wa rasilimali kwa ajili ya utetezi wa GBM wa Kenya, kupanga miradi, na kwa ujumla. programu za elimu. Kupitia GBM ikishirikiana na mashirika yake mbalimbali ya kimataifa, GBM ilizindua ukurasa wake wa Facebook, tovuti, na kuchapisha chaneli/video yake ya kwanza ya YouTube. Zaidi ya hayo, GBM pia iliweza kueneza ufahamu zaidi wa kimataifa na taarifa za elimu (mf. Mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, ulinzi wa Bonde la Misitu ya Kongo) kuhusu shirika lao kupitia washirika wao. * Ilihamasisha zaidi ya wanajamii 5,000 kupitia Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira. === 2008 === * Jumuiya za GBM zilipanda miti milioni 8.3 katika mwaka wa 2008. * GBM ilizindua Mkakati wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi ambao unahusisha elimu, utafiti, programu za usalama, udhibiti wa mmomonyoko wa udongo, na mikakati ya kukabiliana nayo. * Mkakati wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi wa GBM ulishirikiana na serikali ya Kenya kuhusu sera yake ya MKUHUMI. MKUHUMI ni Uzalishaji Uliopunguzwa wa Ukataji wa Misitu kutokana na Uharibifu wa Misitu. * Mpango wa Women for Change uliunga mkono na kuwahimiza wanawake kushiriki katika majukumu ya uongozi na kushiriki katika masuala ya kisiasa ndani ya jumuiya zao. * Mnamo mwaka wa 2008, programu ya "Wanawake kwa Mabadiliko" ilitoa ufadhili wa masomo wa shule za sekondari unaohitajika sana kwa wasichana tisa na wavulana watatu - walioteuliwa na vikundi vya upandaji Miti vya GBM. * Kutokana na ghasia zilizotokea Desemba 2007, na vifo 1500, na watu 500,000 walikimbia kutoka makazi yao kote Kenya. Wanawake wa Mabadiliko wa GBM waliunda Mpango wa Hema ya Amani katika eneo lililoathiriwa na vurugu. Kutokana na jumla ya midahalo sita ya jumuiya na mikutano 21 ya wazi iliyofanyika katika maeneo yaliyoathiriwa zaidi, ilipelekea Mabaraza ya Kujenga Amani kuundwa. * Washirika kumi na saba walijihusisha na mbinu za upandaji miti za GBM jijini Nairobi ambazo ziliwezesha hatua za kuhifadhi mazingira kutokea. * GBM ilipata programu mpya ya Mifumo ya Taarifa za Kijiografia (GIS) na kutoa mafunzo kwa ofisi 53 za ugani kuhusu mbinu na programu za GIS. * GBM ilipanua ushirikiano wake wa upandaji miti na taasisi kadhaa za Kenya, ikiwa ni pamoja na jeshi, magereza, shule na makanisa. * Iliunga mkono Kampeni ya Mabilioni ya Miti === 2009 === * GBM ilipanda miti milioni kadhaa lakini kulikuwa na ukame mkali na hali mbaya ya hewa ambayo iliendelea mwaka mzima. Idadi kubwa ya miti ilikufa na haikuishi, au miche haikuchukua mizizi kabisa. * GBM ilifungua maabara yake ya kwanza ya Mfumo wa Taarifa za Kijiografia (GIS) na kuitumia kubainisha kiwango cha ukataji miti na uharibifu wa misitu unaotokea. GBM pia iliwezesha matumizi ya maabara kwa ajili ya kufundishia na kuelimisha jamii juu ya mfumo na zana za GIS na kutumia uhusiano wao na jumuiya za wenyeji kuchorea maeneo yaliyoharibiwa vibaya au kukatwa miti. * GBM inapanua juhudi zake za utetezi na mitandao kupitia kuzindua kampeni ya "Imetosha Inatosha", kushinda kesi mbili za kisheria kuhusu haki za binadamu na ulinzi wa mali, na kuzindua kampeni ya Ziwa Naivasha kuhamasisha jamii. * Kushiriki katika mijadala ya kisiasa ikijumuisha mfumo wa Shamba, sera za usimamizi wa ardhioevu, na upandaji miti ya kigeni nchini Kenya na katika Aberdares. * Mipango ya Ushirika ya GBM katika Maeneo ya Mijini ilijumuisha mradi unaozingatia urejeshaji wa maeneo ya misitu karibu na Nairobi, Msitu wa Karura, Msitu wa Ngong na Ngong Hill. * Kukuza uelewa wa mazingira kupitia miradi ya upandaji miti mwaka mzima. * Mnamo 2009, kampeni ya Mottainai ilipokea ruzuku kutoka kwa Gazeti la Mainichi huko Japani. Lengo lilikuwa kupanda miti 200,000 katika eneo bunge la Kieni katika Provence ya Kati nchini Kenya kwenye mashamba, ardhi ya umma na maeneo ya misitu yaliyoharibiwa. * Ujumbe kwa mazungumzo ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi ya Copenhagen: COP15 === 2010 === * Jamii za GBM zilipanda miti milioni 4,222,268. * Warsha ya kwanza ya MKUHUMI nchini Kenya "Mafunzo ya Wakufunzi". * GBM ilishirikiana na Huduma ya Misitu ya Kenya (KFS) na Kituo cha Utafiti cha Woods Hole (WHRC) na kufanya Warsha ya Mafunzo ya Wakufunzi mnamo Agosti 2010 kuhusu Uzalishaji Uliopungua wa Ukataji miti na Uharibifu wa Misitu (REDD). * GBM ilishirikiana na Mpango wa Hali ya Hewa wa Clinton (CCI) kuendeleza na kutekeleza mradi wa kaboni ya misitu katika Ardhi ya Enoosupukia Forest Trust. * Ilifanya tafiti za kimsingi za majani katika Msitu wa Mau nchini Kenya. * Utetezi wa kitaifa wa Katiba mpya ya Kenya. * GBM ilishirikiana na mashirika kadhaa na kupanda miti katika misitu ya Karura na Ngong, ambayo ni misitu mikuu miwili ya mijini katika jiji la Nairobi. * GBM ilishirikiana na Shirika la AEON kulenga maeneo ya vyanzo vya maji na ardhi ya misitu iliyoharibiwa. * Mnamo Desemba 2010, GBM ilishiriki katika Mkataba wa 16 wa Mfumo wa Umoja wa Mataifa juu ya Mkutano wa Wanachama wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi (COP 16), huko Cancun Mexico. === 2011 === Miradi ya upandaji miti: * GBM ilikamilisha mradi wa ukarabati wa miaka mitano katika Aberdares hasa unaolenga maeneo ya vyanzo vya maji vya Sasumau, Ndakini na Gatanga. Mradi ulianzisha vitalu vya miti 593, na miti milioni 3.8 ilipandwa * Mradi pia ulianzisha miti milioni 1.8 kwenye ardhi ya umma (pamoja na shule, makanisa, makaburi, barabara, nk. ) * GBM ilifanya kazi na Save the Mau Trust na kupanda miti 212,000 katika mfumo wa Ikolojia wa Msitu wa Mau. Mradi huo uliongeza usalama wa chakula katika kanda na kuwafunza wakulima mbinu za kuhifadhi udongo na maji. * GBM ilishirikiana na kampuni kumi na tatu kukarabati Karura na Ngong Forests iliyoko Nairobi. Ukarabati wa maeneo ya misitu ulijumuisha upandaji miti 9,420 kwenye ekari 23 za ardhi. * GBM ilichagua Mshindi wa kwanza wa Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Mazingira ya Wangari Maathai na ilizindua tuzo hiyo mwaka wa 2011. Mradi pia unakuza upandaji miti kwa njia ya ushirikiano miongoni mwa jamii nyingi. Miradi ya Utetezi na Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi: * Alishiriki katika Ukusanyaji wa Sahihi Milioni 1.2 ili Kukomesha Utovu wa Kuadhibiwa Kisiasa. * Ilichapishwa Ripoti ya Fedha ya Misitu ya Hali ya Hewa katika COP17. * GBM ilisajili Miradi miwili ya Kaboni ya Misitu mwaka wa 2011 ili jamii zipate mapato kutokana na upandaji miti upya na mikopo ya kaboni. Mnamo mwaka wa 2011 mradi ulikuwa umepitisha mchakato wa usajili wa kina na wenye mahitaji makubwa. * Wafanyakazi wa GBM na viongozi wa kujitolea walitetea kesi ya kihistoria ya unyakuzi wa ardhi katika Soko la Jiji la Nairobi. Uwezeshaji wa Jamii na Elimu: * Semina kuhusu Katiba Mpya ya Kenya katika Kaunti 23. * Vitalu vya Miti vya Shule Viliongeza Pesa za Masomo kwa Wasichana Wanaohitaji. * Ilizindua Mpango wa Mazingira, Afya na Idadi ya Watu. * Mafunzo ya Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi kwa Wanajamii wa Vijijini. === 2012 === Miradi ya upandaji miti: * Upandaji miti ulifanyika na Jeshi la Kenya na watumishi kadhaa wa umma kusaidia kuelimisha na kusimamia mazingira yao. * Ufugaji nyuki katika Eneo Bunge la Samburu Magharibi ulianzishwa kama chanzo rafiki wa kimazingira. "Sampuli ya mizinga ya nyuki nchini Kenya ilitolewa kwa wanavikundi 92 ili kuanza kutekeleza mpango wa biashara wa ufugaji nyuki ulioandaliwa. Vikundi vya vitalu vya miti vinalenga kuongeza mizinga hadi 1,275 kwa mapato, kuongeza tija ya ardhi na ulinzi wa bioanuwai"(10). * Jumla ya miti 1,971,378 ilipandwa mwaka 2012. Utetezi na Ujenzi wa Amani: * 2012 GBM iliendelea na mipango yake ya amani na upatanisho wilaya ya Kaunti ya Nakuru kupitia ushirikiano na Green Gross International, Sweden. * Ilikamilisha mradi wa majaribio wa miaka mitatu wa Afya na Mazingira uliofadhiliwa na USAID kwa ushirikiano na FHI360, Wizara ya Afya ya Umma na Usafi wa Mazingira, Utawala wa Mitaa, NCPD, APHIA pamoja na Kamili katika maeneo bunge ya Nithi, Nyeri, Tetu na Othaya. Mafunzo ya Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi kwa Wanajamii wa Vijijini === 2013 === Upandaji miti: * GBM ilishirikiana na Waterstone, Norway na kuzindua mradi wa Bamboo Biomass na Ujasiriamali mwaka 2013. Mradi huu ni mradi wa majaribio ambao ulihimiza kupanda, kueneza, na kukuza mimea ya mianzi asilia nchini Kenya. Zaidi ya miche 1500 ilipandwa Maragua na wanawake ambao walikuwa wamefunzwa kwa siku mbili jinsi ya kukuza mianzi kwa ufanisi. * GBM ilikamilisha hapo mipango ya uboreshaji wa Mifumo ya Mazingira ya Aberdare, minara mitano mikuu ya maji nchini Kenya. * GBM ilipewa kandarasi ya miaka mitatu ya kukarabati eneo la Mto Sondu Miriu lililoko katika Hifadhi ya Mau. GBM ilipewa kandarasi ya miaka mitatu kutoka Wizara ya Nishati na Petroli. Mradi huo ulipatikana katika Msitu wa Chepalungu katika Kaunti ya Bomet na unajumuisha Mnara wa Maji wa Mau na Hifadhi ya Maji ya Migori. Kupitia mradi huo urejeshaji wa msitu ulioharibiwa na maeneo ya maji ulifanyika na mipango na shughuli kadhaa za elimu zilifanyika ndani ya jamii za vijijini. * GBM ilishirikiana na Prince Albert II wa Monaco, Yves Rocher, na Schooner Foundations kujumuisha ukarabati na uhifadhi wa Mabonde ya Maji ya Msitu wa Kirisia. Mradi huu ulijumuisha mpango wa ukarabati wa miaka mitatu na mwaka wa 2013 GBM na washirika wake walikarabati Hekta 55 za ardhi iliyoharibiwa ndani ya msitu wa Kirisia. GBM pia ilinunua mfululizo wa zana za ufuatiliaji za GIS ambazo ziliruhusu mradi kuimarisha programu yake ya ufuatiliaji na utekelezaji wa maeneo ya misitu iliyorejeshwa. Miradi ya Utetezi na Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi: * 2013, Desemba, GBM kwa ushirikiano na Green Cross Sweden, iliandaa Marathoni ya kwanza ya SPECO (Michezo, Amani, Mazingira na Uwiano). Ilifanyika katika Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa na hafla mbili ziliandaliwa katika nchi mbili tofauti, Nakuru na Baringo. * Mafunzo kwa Jamii kupitia Redio. * Uendelevu, Amani na Usalama: Kupunguza Migogoro katika Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa. * Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi na Uwezeshaji wa Wanawake. Uwezeshaji wa Jamii na Elimu: * Kupanda miti na Jeshi la Kenya kuanzia Oktoba hadi Novemba msimu wa mvua. Mada ya upandaji miti ilikuwa "miti ya kuishi kwa amani na uhifadhi wa bioanuwai". * Ilianzisha mradi unaowawezesha wanawake na kuwafundisha kuhusu njia mbadala za vyanzo vya nishati safi na mbadala. Mradi huu pia ulilenga mafundisho ya afya/usafi kwa wanawake katika makazi ya Manyattas, warsha za kuwajengea uwezo juu ya nishati safi mbadala, ulianzisha teknolojia ya majiko safi ya kupikia, na kuwezesha upandaji miti. * Kuwezesha na kudumisha uzalishaji wa asali na ufugaji nyuki ili kutoa lishe, kipato, maendeleo ya jamii na ulinzi wa mito. === 2014 === Hata hivyo, wakati wa utekelezaji wa programu ya upandaji miti, shirika la GBM pia ilipata vikwazo vingi kwa sababu ya ukosefu wake wa fedha na usaidizi. Hii ilipelekea Wangari Maathai kujiunga na Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake la Kenya kama mwanachama wa kamati kuu. Kutoka kwa Maathai kujiunga na baraza la Green Belt Movement liliweza kupata usikivu wa kimataifa na kuungwa mkono na wanawake na serikali. GBM pia iliweza kupata usaidizi zaidi lilipokuja suala la kuwezesha mipango ya upandaji miti na programu za elimu. Maathai aliweza kuendeleza harakati za Ukanda wa Kijani kupitia kupanua mawasiliano yake kwa umma (mitandao ya vyombo vya habari/wafuasi), kupata ufadhili zaidi kuelekea miradi ya upandaji miti au mipango ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, na kwa ujumla msaada zaidi ili kuhakikisha mafanikio ya shirika. * Mradi wa Bamboo Biomass na Ujasiriamali ulioangaziwa kwenye Mradi wa Uhalisia wa Hali ya Hewa * Green Belt Movement ilishirikiana na Mpango wa Global Environmental Facility/Ruzuku Ndogo (GEF/ SGP) na The Nature Conservancy (TNC) kurejesha Upper Sagana na Gura Watersheds katika Kaunti ya Nyeri. GBM pia ilishirikiana na Jambo tours pia. Kupitia Jambo Tours miti 26,000 ilipandwa katika Msitu wa Homba uliopo katika Mlima Kenya. Ushirikiano wa GBM na GEF/SGP na TNC ulipanda jumla ya miti 80,126 huko Kabaru na msitu wa Zuti. * GBM ilitekeleza urejeshaji wa Maeneo ya Maji ya Chania yaliyo katika Mfumo Ekolojia wa Aberdare. Miradi ya GBM ilijumuisha kuelimisha jamii kuhusu jinsi ya kulinda maeneo ya vyanzo vya maji na jinsi ya kurejesha maliasili/mfumo wa ikolojia. Jumla ya warsha tatu ziliandaliwa na GBM katika jumuiya mbalimbali ili kuelimisha jamii kuhusu mbinu za usimamizi wa mazingira. Miradi ya Ushirikiano wa Biashara: * Green Belt Movement (GBM) chini ya kandarasi ya miaka mitatu na Wizara ya Nishati na Petroli kukarabati eneo la Mto Sondu Miriu, katika Hifadhi ya Mau sasa iko katika mwaka wake wa pili. * GBM ilishirikiana na Trees for Cities kuwezesha Mradi wa Kijani wa Miji ya Nairobi. Mradi huo ulijumuisha shule kumi na moja kutoka maeneo tofauti katika Kaunti za Nairobi na Kiambu ambazo zilijifunza jinsi ya kupanda miche. Jumla ya miche 2000 ilipandwa. Mabadiliko ya tabianchi: * GBM ilishirikiana na Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI) na Rasilimali za Dunia na kupanda jumla ya miti 50,000. Miti hiyo ilipandwa katika mfululizo wa maeneo yaliyochaguliwa kando ya Gatondo, Geta Forest. GBM na washirika wake pia waliandaa warsha sita za kutoa mafunzo kwa jamii na wakulima kuhusu matatizo ya mazingira kama vile mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na kanuni mbaya za kilimo. * UNFCCC COP 20: Kikao cha 20 cha Mkutano wa Wanachama wa UNFCCC kilifanyika Lima, Peru kuanzia tarehe 1 hadi 12 Desemba 2014. Jinsia, Riziki na Utetezi: * Ukarabati jumuishi wa Mfumo wa Ekolojia wa Ewaso Ngiro (Kirisia). * Mradi wa Amani Endelevu kupitia Kukuza Utawala Bora, Demokrasia, Usimamizi wa Mazingira na Mpito wa Amani. * Mafunzo kwa Wanawake wa Vijijini kwa Uboreshaji wa Mazingira, Uchumi na Maisha katika Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu. * Mradi wa Maji Mahiri kwa Shule za Kijani. === 2015 === Miradi ya Upandaji Miti na Uvunaji Maji: * GBM ilishirikiana na Gazeti la Mainichi ilipanda miche 20,000 ya miti ya kiasili katika Maji ya Juu ya Sagana (Thingithu watermist), Kaunti ya Nyeri. Zaidi ya hayo, wakulima 30 walipewa mafunzo juu ya kupitishwa kwa desturi endelevu za mazingira ili kuboresha maisha ya jamii. * Mradi wa Mianzi na Ujasiriamali wa Green Belt Movement (BBEP) unakuza upandaji wa mianzi ya kiasili kwa ajili ya masuala ya uhifadhi na hatua. Ililenga kuboresha eneo la maji la Mathioya ndani ya Kaunti ya Murang'a. * GBM iliwezesha urejeshaji wa misitu na vyanzo vya maji ili kusaidia kuzuia na kuwezesha urejeshaji wa matatizo ya mazingira. GBM ilishirikiana na Mpango wa Global Environmental Facility/Ruzuku Ndogo na Uhifadhi wa Mazingira. Makadirio hayo yaliishia kuhamasisha zaidi ya wakulima 300 kurejesha kilomita 150 za Upper Tana Watersheds, nchini Kenya. * GBM iko katika mwaka wa pili wa utekelezaji wa usimamizi wa maliasili katika Chania Watershed ya Mfumo Ekolojia wa Aberdare. Mradi huu uliendelea kuwezesha uimarishaji wa mahusiano ya jamii, kurejesha maliasili zilizoharibiwa, na kutoa elimu kwa jamii jinsi ya kulinda maliasili kama vile maeneo ya maji na mimea inayozunguka vyanzo vya maji vya Chania. * Wanafunzi na maafisa waliohudhuria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha NLA, huko Bergen Norway na Ethiopia na kutoa masomo ya upandaji miti na mafunzo. Miradi ya Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi: * GBM ilishirikiana na Wizara ya Mazingira ya Ujerumani, Mpango wa Clinton, na Taasisi ya Rasilimali Duniani kurejesha na kuboresha Maeneo ya Maji ya Malewa katika Kaunti ya Nyandarua. Mashirika hayo yalipanda miche 50,000 ya miti katika Msitu wa Geta na kutoa mafunzo kwa wanajamii zaidi ya 600 kuhusu shughuli/taratibu za usimamizi wa mazingira. * GBM iliendelea na kazi katika mradi wake wa miaka mitatu wa kurejesha vyanzo vya maji vya Bonde la Mto Sondu Miriu. Mradi unaendelea kulenga na kukarabati vyanzo vya maji hadi mwisho wa mradi utakapotokea. Miradi ya Ushirikiano wa Biashara: * Green Belt Movement (GBM) chini ya kandarasi ya miaka mitatu na Wizara ya Nishati na Petroli kukarabati eneo la Mto Sondu Miriu, katika Hifadhi ya Mau sasa iko katika mwaka wake wa pili. * GBM ilishirikiana na Trees for Cities kuwezesha Mradi wa Kijani wa Miji ya Nairobi. Mradi huo ulijumuisha shule kumi na moja kutoka maeneo tofauti katika Kaunti za Nairobi na Kiambu ambazo zilijifunza jinsi ya kupanda miche. Jumla ya miche 2000 ilipandwa. Zaidi ya hayo, Riziki ya Jinsia na Utetezi ambayo GBM ni inajumuisha mchanganyiko wa mbinu za utetezi za kimataifa na mashinani. GBM katika ngazi ya chini inalenga katika kuunda "jamii zinazostahimili hali ya hewa kupitia kurejesha na kulinda maeneo ya misitu, na kuunda maisha endelevu kwa jamii nchini Kenya na kote Afrika. Mtazamo wa GBM huwezesha jamii kuchukua hatua dhidi ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, ambayo athari zake tayari zinashuhudiwa kote barani Afrika, kupitia shughuli za usalama wa chakula na uvunaji wa maji (adaptation) na kupanda miti inayofaa katika sehemu zinazofaa (mitigation). Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, GBM inatetea sera ya mazingira ambayo inahakikisha ulinzi wa misitu ya asili na haki za jamii, hasa jamii zinazoishi karibu na katika mifumo ya ikolojia ya misitu katika Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara na Mfumo wa Mazingira wa Misitu ya Mvua ya Bonde la Kongo". * Ukarabati jumuishi wa Mfumo wa Ekolojia wa Ewaso Ngiro (Kirisia). * Mradi wa Amani Endelevu kupitia Kukuza Utawala Bora, Demokrasia, Usimamizi wa Mazingira na Mpito wa Amani. * Mafunzo kwa Wanawake wa Vijijini kwa Uboreshaji wa Mazingira, Uchumi na Maisha katika Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu. * Mradi wa Maji Mahiri kwa Shule za Kijani. == Uanaharakati == Uwezeshaji wa Jamii na Elimu: * Mnamo 1989 Vuguvugu lilichukua washirika wa biashara wenye nguvu wa Rais [[Daniel Arap Moi|Daniel arap Moi]] . Maandamano endelevu, na mara nyingi ya upweke, dhidi ya ujenzi wa jumba la biashara la orofa 60 katikati mwa bustani ya [[Uhuru Park]] jijini [[Nairobi]] yalizinduliwa na kushinda. * Mnamo 1991 maandamano kama hayo yalizinduliwa ambayo yaliokoa [[bustani ya Jeevanjee]] kutokana na hatima ya kugeuzwa kuwa sehemu ya maegesho ya orofa nyingi. * Mnamo 1998, Jumuiya iliongoza vita dhidi ya ugawaji haramu wa sehemu za ekari 2,000 (8).&nbsp;km <sup>2</sup> ) Msitu wa Karura, eneo muhimu la vyanzo vya maji viungani mwa [[Nairobi]] . Mapambano hayo hatimaye yalishinda mwaka wa 2003 wakati viongozi wa serikali mpya iliyochaguliwa [[National Rainbow Coalition|ya NARC]] walithibitisha kujitolea kwao kwa msitu kwa kupanda miti katika eneo hilo. * Uanaharakati huu umekuja kwa gharama kubwa kwa Maathai ana kwa ana na kwa Harakati. Serikali ya Kenya ilifunga ofisi za Greenbelt, imemfunga Maathai mara mbili na alikabiliwa na kipigo kikali mwaka 1992 na polisi wakati akiongoza maandamano ya amani kupinga kufungwa kwa wanaharakati kadhaa wa mazingira na kisiasa. Ingawa haya yametumika kama vikwazo kwa Vuguvugu la Greenbelt, hawajalikandamiza na linaendelea kama Vuguvugu maarufu na linaloheshimika duniani. === 2005 === * "Mwaka 2005, Prof. Maathai na Gazeti la Mainichi walizindua kampeni ya Mottainai nchini Japan. Lengo lilikuwa kuhamasisha umma wa Japani kutumia rasilimali kwa njia endelevu zaidi katika maisha yao ya kila siku. Neno "Mottainai" ni dhana ya kale ya Kibudha ya Japan ambayo ilihimiza watu wasipoteze rasilimali chache, kushukuru kwa walichonacho, na kutumia walichonacho kwa heshima na uangalifu.Prof. Maathai alianzishwa kwa dhana na Mainichi na tangu wakati huo ameikubali kama kampeni ya kimataifa inayoashiria ulinzi na utunzaji wa Kupitia uungwaji mkono unaoendelea wa Mainichi, GBM iliendeleza kampeni ya "Mottainai" hadi Kenya mwaka wa 2006 ili kushughulikia suala la udhibiti wa taka, hasa matumizi ya kawaida ya mifuko ya plastiki "dhaifu" ambayo haiwezi kuchakatwa au kutumika tena"(15). ) === 2006 === * GBM ilishirikiana na mashirika kadhaa na vikundi vya vitalu vya miti kwa mwaka mzima. Waliishia kupanda miti zaidi ya milioni 4.6 kote nchini Kenya. * GBM iliandaa warsha kadhaa zilizohusisha Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira. Warsha hizo ziliwezesha elimu ya upandaji miti, usimamizi endelevu wa misitu, na utekelezaji wa vitalu vya miti. Kupitia warsha za Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira, wanajamii mbalimbali kutoka jamii za Kenya walishiriki. Kwa jumla vitalu vipya 200 vya miti viliwekwa kote nchini Kenya. * GBM ilizindua kampeni za kimataifa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika kadhaa ya kimataifa. * GBM ilishirikiana na Work Foodbank na kuanza kazi/kuunda mradi mpya. Mradi huo ulilenga kutekeleza mipango ya upandaji miti kote nchini Kenya ili kukabiliana na athari za mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa zinazotokea. Upandaji miti na urejeshaji wa maeneo ya misitu ulifanyika katika Misitu ya Aberdare na Mlima Kenya. * GBM ilishirikiana na Wanajeshi wa Misitu wa Kenya kushiriki habari, kuandaa miradi ya sasa, na kukubaliana juu ya majukumu ya mashirika/ushirikiano wao ndani ya mipango yao ya upandaji miti. * Elimu ya Mazingira ya Shule ya GBM iliunganisha watoto wa shule na wazee kupitia shughuli za jamii za upandaji miti. * Vikundi 200 vipya vya vitalu vya miti viliundwa kote nchini Kenya, na kuanzishwa kwa Vyama vya Jamii vya Misitu kupitia warsha za uwezeshaji wa Elimu ya Uraia na Mazingira. * Novemba 2006 – GBM ilizindua Mradi wa Kurejesha Misitu kwa ushirikiano na Benki ya Dunia, katika Mkutano wa 12 wa Nchi Wanachama (COP 12) kuhusu Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi jijini Nairobi. * Mashirika mawili ya Kimataifa ya Misaada yalianzishwa: Green Belt Movement International - Amerika Kaskazini (GBMI-US) na Green Belt Movement International - Ulaya (GBMI-E). * Sura ya Kenya ya Baraza la Kiuchumi, Kijamii na Kitamaduni la Umoja wa Afrika (ECOSOCC) ilianzishwa mwaka wa 2006 na mashirika ya kiraia yenye makao yake mjini Nairobi. * Wakati wa COP 12 jijini Nairobi, Jumuiya ya Green Belt ilizindua Kampeni ya Mabilioni ya Miti kwa ushirikiano na Mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mazingira (UNEP) na Kituo cha Kilimo Mseto Duniani (ICRAF). * GBM iliendeleza kampeni ya "Mottainai" hadi Kenya mwaka wa 2006 ili kushughulikia suala la udhibiti wa taka, hasa matumizi ya kawaida ya mifuko ya plastiki ambayo haiwezi kuchakatwa au kutumika tena. * GBM ilifanya warsha za Utamaduni wa Bioanuwai katika shule 15 kote nchini Kenya. === 2007 === * GBM katika Msitu wa Mau ilifundisha shughuli za kuzalisha mapato kwa wanawake (Bee Keeping). Pia waliandaa kampeni kadhaa za utetezi dhidi ya malisho haramu na uchomaji mkaa. * GBM ilifungua kituo cha ndani cha Mifumo ya Taarifa za Kijiografia ili waweze kuitumia kwa ufuatiliaji na kupanga miradi. Pia iliruhusu GBM kuelimisha na kutetea maswala kadhaa ya mazingira (mfano mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, alama ya kaboni). * "GBM na mashirika yake dada, Green Belt Movement International–Amerika Kaskazini (GBMI-US) na Green Belt Movement International–Europe (GBMI-Europe) zilifanya kazi pamoja kutafuta rasilimali kwa ajili ya kazi ya programu nchini Kenya. Aidha, zote mbili iliunga mkono uundaji upya wa tovuti ya GBM, na kuzindua kurasa za GBM kwenye Facebook na YouTube. Hii imesababisha mawasiliano bora na mwonekano wa juu wa kazi yetu. Ofisi hizi pia zimefanya kazi kwa karibu ili kukuza uelewa wa kimataifa na hatua juu ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, ulinzi wa Msitu wa Bonde la Kongo, "Mottainai" na kampeni ya Mabilioni ya Miti"(14). * Mnamo mwaka wa 2007, Jumuiya ya Ukanda wa Kijani iliidhinisha Azimio la Misitu Sasa, ikitoa wito wa mifumo mipya ya soko ili kulinda misitu ya kitropiki. === 2008 === * Mpango wa Wanawake wa Mabadiliko (mbali na ulioanzishwa na GBM) uliendelea kuhimiza na kusaidia wanawake kuingia katika majukumu ya uongozi ndani ya GBM. GBM pia iliendelea kupitia mpango huu kusaidia wanawake kwa huduma za kisheria, usaidizi wa unyanyasaji wa majumbani, na elimu juu ya maliasili/uhakika wa chakula. === 2009 === * Shirka la GBM imefungua maabara ya GIS (Mifumo ya Taarifa za Kijiografia) ambayo imekuwa muhimu kwa maendeleo ya GBM. Pia imekuwa muhimu kwa shughuli zao za mradi, mipango, na kupanga, ufuatiliaji, na kutekeleza miradi. Maabara ya GIS mwaka 2009, ilipokea maboresho ya programu yao ya GIS kutoka Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Mifumo ya Mazingira (ESRI). GBM ilitengeneza hifadhidata ya kina ya anga kutumia kwa miradi, desturi za mazingira na mipango mingine mbalimbali inayohusika nayo au ufuatiliaji. * GBM ilipanua mpango wake wa Utetezi na Mtandao ili kutoa nyenzo na elimu zaidi kwa mtu yeyote ambaye anaweza kuhitaji usaidizi. Pia wanazingatia masuala kama vile unyakuzi wa ardhi na kanuni za mazingira na mipango. GBM wakati wa 2009 iliwezesha maandamano ya kukomesha unyakuzi wa ardhi na ujenzi kwenye misitu. Mpango huo pia ulitoa hewa halali na kusukuma ulinzi juu ya ardhi oevu. * GBM ilituma wajumbe kwenye Mkutano wa 15 wa Mfumo wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi (UNFCCC) wa Nchi Wanachama (COP15). Kusanyiko hilo lilifanyika Copenhagen, Denmark na lilihusisha mazungumzo ambayo yaliongozwa na Wangari Maathai. Maathai alizungumza kwenye kongamano hilo mara kadhaa na alijadili mada kuhusu changamoto za mabadiliko ya tabianchi, jinsi ya kujenga jumuiya na mifumo ikolojia inayostahimili mabadiliko ya tabianchi, na jinsi wanawake wanastahili kuwa sehemu ya mazungumzo/matatizo ya kisiasa yanayotokea ndani ya jamii zao. === 2010 === * Jamii za GBM zilipanda miti milioni 4,222,268. * Warsha ya kwanza ya MKUHUMI nchini Kenya "Mafunzo ya Wakufunzi". * GBM ilishirikiana na Huduma ya Misitu ya Kenya (KFS) na Kituo cha Utafiti cha Woods Hole (WHRC) na kufanya Warsha ya Mafunzo ya Wakufunzi mnamo Agosti 2010 kuhusu Uzalishaji Uliopungua wa Ukataji miti na Uharibifu wa Misitu (REDD). * GBM ilishirikiana na Mpango wa Hali ya Hewa wa Clinton (CCI) kuendeleza na kutekeleza mradi wa kaboni ya misitu katika Ardhi ya Enoosupukia Forest Trust. * Ilifanya tafiti za kimsingi za majani katika Msitu wa Mau nchini Kenya. * Utetezi wa kitaifa wa Katiba mpya ya Kenya. * GBM ilishirikiana na mashirika kadhaa na kupanda miti katika misitu ya Karura na Ngong, ambayo ni misitu mikuu miwili ya mijini katika jiji la Nairobi. * GBM ilishirikiana na Shirika la AEON kulenga maeneo ya vyanzo vya maji na ardhi ya misitu iliyoharibiwa. * Mnamo Desemba 2010, GBM ilishiriki katika Mkataba wa 16 wa Mfumo wa Umoja wa Mataifa juu ya Mkutano wa Wanachama wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi (COP 16), huko Cancun Mexico. === 2011 === * GBM ilishirikiana na mashirika 15 tofauti kwa kampeni ya "Sahihi Milioni Moja". Kampeni hii ililenga watu wa Kenya kupata haki kwa walionusurika katika ghasia za baada ya uchaguzi wa 2007-2008. Vurugu hizo zilizotokea baada ya Bunge la Kenya kuiondoa nchi ya Kenya katika Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Uhalifu. Jumla ya sahihi milioni 1.2 zilikusanywa hatimaye kusababisha kukamatwa kwa viongozi hao wanne wa Kenya mnamo Januari 2012. * Hati ya "Jumuiya ya Mpango wa Hali ya Hewa ya Misitu" ilichapishwa na GBM, na ilielezea kwa kina uzoefu ambao wanachama wa GBM walikuwa nao wakati wakishiriki katika mkutano wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa wa kila mwaka (COP17). * "Wafanyikazi wa GBM na viongozi wa kujitolea walitetea kesi ya kihistoria ya unyakuzi wa ardhi katika Soko la Jiji la Nairobi. Bila ya kutanguliza, serikali ya Kenya ilibatilisha hati miliki ya mmiliki wa City Market, Market Plaza Limited, na kuacha mali hiyo kuwa hatarini kwa watengenezaji wa kibinafsi. Mamia ya wafanyakazi wanamiliki na kuendesha vibanda ndani ya Soko la Jiji, na maisha yao yalitishiwa na kitendo hiki haramu. GBM, wamiliki wa vibanda vya City Market, na umma walikusanyika katikati mwa jiji la Nairobi kusema 'inatosha'(12). * Mpango wa Jinsia wa GBM uliendelea kukuza na kuimarisha mahusiano mbalimbali ya kijinsia (iliyolenga wanawake). Mpango huu uliendelea kuongeza uelewa wa masuala ya jinsia ndani ya Katiba nchini Kenya. GBM pia iliandaa semina nyingi za elimu zinazohusu masuala ya serikali, maswali ya kisiasa/matatizo, na elimu ya wapigakura (wanawake 1200 walishiriki). * Mpango wa Jinsia wa GBM pia uliwezesha na kuandaa warsha kadhaa kwa jumla ya shule sita za sekondari. Warsha hizo zililenga kuelimisha watoto kuhusu vitalu vya miti na bustani za jikoni. * 26 Green Volunteers ambao ni wafanyakazi wa kujitolea wa GBM walifika kwa zaidi ya kaya 800 katika maeneo manne ya mradi, wakisambaza ujumbe kwamba mazingira yenye afya inasaidia jamii zenye afya. * GBM iliwezesha warsha kuhusu mabadiliko ya tabianchi na athari zake, na jinsi yanavyosababishwa. Ilifikia zaidi ya wanajamii 4000. === 2012 === * GBM ilishirikiana na Green Cross International Sweden na wote wawili walishiriki na mipango ya amani na maridhiano ndani ya Wilaya ya Kaunti ya Nakuru. Hii ilianzishwa iliandaa Tamasha la 1 la Watoto la Oeace 2012, ambalo lilihamasisha Watoto, Walimu, Maafisa wa Elimu 1189 na wadau wa Usalama kukusanyika katika Hifadhi ya Amani ya Wangari Maathai katika mji wa Molo. * Ligi ya Hema ya Amani iliandaliwa mjini Molo na Ligi hiyo ilileta pamoja timu kumi kutoka Molo zikijumuisha vilabu viwili vya kandanda vya wanawake na vilabu vinane vya kandanda vya wanaume. Timu ziliruhusu jamii na watoto wadogo kuunganishwa, zilishiriki katika shughuli za elimu (kando na michezo) na kujenga uhusiano kati ya jamii. === 2013 === * GBM ilishirikiana na Gazeti la Mainichi ilipanda miche 20,000 ya miti ya kiasili katika Maji ya Juu ya Sagana (Thingithu watermist), Kaunti ya Nyeri. Zaidi ya hayo, wakulima 30 walipewa mafunzo juu ya kupitishwa kwa desturi endelevu za mazingira ili kuboresha maisha ya jamii. * Mradi wa Mianzi na Ujasiriamali wa Green Belt Movement (BBEP) unakuza upandaji wa mianzi ya kiasili kwa ajili ya masuala ya uhifadhi na hatua. Ililenga kuboresha eneo la maji la Mathioya ndani ya Kaunti ya Murang'a. * GBM iliwezesha urejeshaji wa misitu na vyanzo vya maji ili kusaidia kuzuia na kuwezesha urejeshaji wa matatizo ya mazingira. GBM ilishirikiana na Mpango wa Global Environmental Facility/Ruzuku Ndogo na Uhifadhi wa Mazingira. Makadirio hayo yaliishia kuhamasisha zaidi ya wakulima 300 kurejesha kilomita 150 za Upper Tana Watersheds, nchini Kenya. * GBM iko katika mwaka wa pili wa utekelezaji wa usimamizi wa maliasili katika Chania Watershed ya Mfumo Ekolojia wa Aberdare. Mradi huu uliendelea kuwezesha uimarishaji wa mahusiano ya jamii, kurejesha maliasili zilizoharibiwa, na kutoa elimu kwa jamii jinsi ya kulinda maliasili kama vile maeneo ya maji na mimea inayozunguka vyanzo vya maji vya Chania. * Wanafunzi na maafisa waliohudhuria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha NLA, huko Bergen Norway na Ethiopia na kutoa masomo ya upandaji miti na mafunzo. Miradi ya Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi: * GBM ilishirikiana na Wizara ya Mazingira ya Ujerumani, Mpango wa Clinton, na Taasisi ya Rasilimali Duniani kurejesha na kuboresha Maeneo ya Maji ya Malewa katika Kaunti ya Nyandarua. Mashirika hayo yalipanda miche 50,000 ya miti katika Msitu wa Geta na kutoa mafunzo kwa wanajamii zaidi ya 600 kuhusu shughuli/taratibu za usimamizi wa mazingira. * GBM iliendelea na kazi katika mradi wake wa miaka mitatu wa kurejesha vyanzo vya maji vya Bonde la Mto Sondu Miriu. Mradi unaendelea kulenga na kukarabati vyanzo vya maji hadi mwisho wa mradi utakapotokea. === 2014 === * GBM, Taasisi ya Rasilimali Duniani (WRI) na Mpango wa Hali ya Hewa wa Clinton (CCI) zilifanya kazi pamoja kuleta vikundi vya wakulima kutoka jamii 130 tofauti pamoja. Mashirika hayo yaliandaa mfululizo wa shughuli za kuwasaidia wakulima kuelewa mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, na kuelewa jinsi ya kukabiliana na athari za mabadiliko ya tabianchi kwenye mashamba yao. Mashirika hayo pia yalifundisha mashamba kuhusu uvunaji wa maji, ukuzaji wa malisho na bustani za jikoni. * GBM, Green Cross Sweden na Folke Bernadotte Academy zilihusika katika kuendeleza amani katika Kaunti ya Nakuru, Kenya. Mradi wa kukuza amani unatokana na Dhana ya Vinyesi Mitatu ya Wangari Maathai. Mradi huo ulijumuisha kutoa mafunzo kwa wanafunzi kuhusu siasa, amani na maendeleo endelevu. Zaidi ya hayo, mradi uliendesha semina kadhaa ambazo zililenga uwezeshaji wa jamii. * 25 Septemba 2014: Maadhimisho ya tatu ya kumbukumbu ya Wangari Maathai yalifanyika katika Kona ya Wangari Maathai katika msitu wa Karura, Nairobi. Uvumbuzi huu ulimhusisha Mhe. Jaji Njoki Ndung'u akiungana na wajumbe wa Bodi ya GBM, wafanyakazi, wanachama wa vikundi vya vitalu vya miti vya GBM, na umma kusherehekea maisha ya Wangari Maathai na mafanikio yake bora ikiwa ni pamoja na uhifadhi wa mazingira, maendeleo endelevu, demokrasia na amani. * 1 Desemba 2014, hadi 12 Desemba 2014: Mkutano wa Wanachama wa UNFCCC ulifanyika Lima, Peru. GBM ilikuwa sehemu ya Jukwaa la Uvumbuzi Endelevu la COP 20 lililoleta pamoja viongozi wa dunia, watendaji wakuu, wawekezaji na wataalamu wa sekta ili kubadilishana mawazo na kuharakisha masuluhisho ya kibunifu ili kushughulikia mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, kuharakisha ukuaji wa kijani na maendeleo endelevu. === 2015 === * Wakufunzi wa Jumuiya ya Wanajamii wa 2015 walipewa mafunzo ambayo yaliruhusu wanajamii zaidi kupata mafunzo kuhusu mbinu za uvunaji wa maji na mipango ya usalama wa chakula. * GBM ilishirikiana na Green Cross Sweden katika 2015, ili kukuza shughuli za kujenga amani kwa vijana na watoto kupitia kuandaa tamasha kubwa. Tamasha hilo liliwavutia wanafunzi kutoka shuleni na jumuiya za wenyeji na kuwaruhusu kujifunza kuhusu amani na kuanzisha vilabu vinavyokuza amani ndani ya shule. * Wanawake kutoka Umoja wa Mataifa na Vuguvugu la Green Belt waliadhimishwa mwaka 2015, Siku ya Mazingira Duniani na Jukwaa la Utendaji la Beijing. Siku hii ilifanyika kwa mamia ya wanawake na miti 500 ilipandwa katika kona ya Profesa Wangari Maathai katika Msitu wa Karura jijini Nairobi, Kenya. Sherehe hii kwa ujumla ilileta umakini wa aina mbalimbali kwa kazi na matendo ya Profesa Maathai huku pia ikieneza ujuzi kwa mamia ya wanawake kuhusu mazingira. * Sherehe ya tarehe 25 Septemba 2015 ya Profesa Maathai ilifanyika na kuadhimisha kumbukumbu yake ya nne. Sherehe hiyo ilijumuisha matembezi ya umma kutoka kwa Bustani ya Jeevanjee hadi Kona ya Uhuru katika bustani ya Uhuru Park, Nairobi. GBM iliandaa tukio na mamia ya wanajamii walishiriki katika matembezi hayo. * Ufeministi mweusi * Ubaguzi wa mazingira ==Muhtasari== * 1977: The Green Belt Movement ilianzishwa na Wangari Maathai kwa ushirikiano na Baraza la Kitaifa la Wanawake la Kenya. * Miaka ya 1980: Green Belt Movement ilianzisha zaidi ya vitalu vya miti 600 ambavyo viliwekwa na wanawake kote nchini Kenya (wanawake 2,500 - 3,000 wakisaidia). * Miaka ya 1980: Green Belt Movement ilianzisha takriban mikanda 2,000 ya kijani kibichi iliyobeba miche 1,000 ya miti kwenye kila ukanda wa kijani kibichi. * 1986: The Green Belt Movement iliunda Pan-African Green Belt Network. Mtandao huu uliundwa ili kuelimisha (wanawake hasa) juu ya upandaji miti ambao ni endelevu na salama kimazingira. Mtandao huu uliundwa katika nchi kadhaa zikiwemo Uganda, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, na Ethiopia. * 1989: The Green Belt Movement iliandaa maandamano makubwa ya umma dhidi ya ujenzi wa Times Tower. Serikali ya Kenya ilitangaza ujenzi wake na Shirika la Green Belt Movement lilipinga ujenzi wa jumba hilo lenye urefu wa futi 60, lililoko katika bustani ya [[Uhuru Park]] Nairobi. * 1998: Green Belt Movement inawezesha upandaji wake wa kwanza wa miti asilia kote nchini Kenya. Shirika la Green Belt Movement pia liliwezesha maandamano kadhaa kwa kushirikiana na upandaji miti ili kukomesha uharibifu na ubinafsishaji wa Msitu wa Karura. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya Kenya]] 59ixt3j53ael0k2cvbf15l016mz84ah Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AstroBeltCafe 3 179071 1582446 1474456 2026-07-30T08:59:00Z Cabayi 35259 Cabayi alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EACh5555]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AstroBeltCafe]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/EACh5555|EACh5555]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/AstroBeltCafe|AstroBeltCafe]]" 1322654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele|majadiliano]])''' 10:34, 7 Machi 2024 (UTC) jm71fcesntyf463iwa26y1h86g1gwgu SeBa 0 189164 1582419 1359304 2026-07-30T04:49:18Z ElimuWiki 91225 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342300719|SeBa]]" 1582419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|watoto=}}{{Authority control}} '''Seba Charmelle Scholastique''', anayejulikana kwa jina la kisanii '''SeBa''' (alizaliwa tarehe 12 Aprili 1973), ni mwimbaji [[Gabon|kutoka Gabon]]. Anaimba kwa [[Kinjebi|lugha ya Nzebi]], lakini juhudi zake za kueneza lugha ya Kiitaliano ndizo zilizomletea tuzo ya Order of the Star of Italy. Ameachia albamu kadhaa tangu albamu yake ya kwanza mwaka 2006. == Maisha == Alizaliwa [[Koulamoutou]] Gabon, mwaka 1973. <ref name="gabm">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/a-la-decouverte-de-seba-et-de-son-premier-album-kundu/|title=À la découverte de SeBa et de son premier album "Kundu"|author=Time|first=Gabon Media|work=Gabon Media Time|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Alianza kuandika muziki baada ya kujiunga na kwaya alipokuwa na umri wa miaka kumi na miwili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.romamultietnica.it/africa-sp-759/musica-e-danza-africana/musica-e-danza-africana/item/3101-seba-charmelle-scholastique/3101-seba-charmelle-scholastique.html?tmpl=component&print=1/|title=Seba Charmelle Scholastique|work=www.romamultietnica.it|language=it|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Aliendelea na masomo yake ya uzamili nchini Italia, ambako pia aliendeleza shauku yake ya kuimba kwa kujiunga na kwaya mjini [[Vatikani|Vatican]] . <ref name="gabm">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/a-la-decouverte-de-seba-et-de-son-premier-album-kundu/|title=À la découverte de SeBa et de son premier album "Kundu"|author=Time|first=Gabon Media|work=Gabon Media Time|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Albamu yake ''Kundu'' ilirekodiwa nchini Ufaransa na Gabon baada ya miaka mingi ya maandalizi. Anaandika na kuimba nyimbo zake katika [[Kinjebi|lugha ya Njebi]], na nyimbo hizo zimo katika albamu hiyo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonreview.com/blog/musique-kundu-retour-de-seba/|title=Musique : "Kundu", le retour de SeBa|author=Andy Steen dit|date=2016-11-21|work=Gabonreview.com {{!}} Actualité du Gabon {{!}}|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Huko [[Libreville]], anafanya kazi kama mwimbaji wa kwaya pamoja na Pierre Akendengué na wanamuziki wengine waliorekodi na Pierre Barouh mwaka 1974. Alijiunga na kwaya ya Gabon iitwayo Chant sur la Lowé. Kwaya hiyo ilishika nafasi ya pili katika Olimpiki za Kwaya mwaka 2000 huko Linz, na mwaka 2013 ilikuwa kwaya ya wageni katika tamasha la kwaya huko Vaison-la-Romaine. <ref>{{Citation|title=Le chant sur la Lowe 2 Choralies 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1V73zNJ49G8|language=en|access-date=2020-02-08}}</ref> ''Katika maonyesho hayo, SeBa aliimba sehemu ya solo ya utunzi wake Ngonga Nzembi'' . Tarehe 2 Juni 2018, balozi wa Italia nchini Gabon, Paolo De Nicolo, aliadhimisha kumbukumbu ya miaka 72 ya kuanzishwa kwa Jamhuri ya Italia kwa kumkabidhi SeBa tuzo. Kwa kutambua mchango wake katika kueneza lugha ya Kiitaliano nchini Gabon, alitunukiwa cheo cha Knight of the Order of the Star of Italy. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/charmelle-seba-consacree-chevalier-de-lordre-de-letoile-ditalie/|title=Charmelle SeBa consacrée Chevalier de l'ordre de l'étoile d'Italie|author=Time|first=Gabon Media|work=Gabon Media Time|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Articles with hCards]] esx3i3uqjtjlxnabl4is7gvfywel9cx 1582420 1582419 2026-07-30T04:50:18Z ElimuWiki 91225 1582420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seba Charmelle Scholastique''', anayejulikana kwa jina la kisanii '''SeBa''' (alizaliwa tarehe 12 Aprili 1973), ni mwimbaji [[Gabon|kutoka Gabon]]. Anaimba kwa [[Kinjebi|lugha ya Nzebi]], lakini juhudi zake za kueneza lugha ya Kiitaliano ndizo zilizomletea tuzo ya Order of the Star of Italy. Ameachia albamu kadhaa tangu albamu yake ya kwanza mwaka 2006. == Maisha == Alizaliwa [[Koulamoutou]] Gabon, mwaka 1973. <ref name="gabm">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/a-la-decouverte-de-seba-et-de-son-premier-album-kundu/|title=À la découverte de SeBa et de son premier album "Kundu"|author=Time|first=Gabon Media|work=Gabon Media Time|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Alianza kuandika muziki baada ya kujiunga na kwaya alipokuwa na umri wa miaka kumi na miwili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.romamultietnica.it/africa-sp-759/musica-e-danza-africana/musica-e-danza-africana/item/3101-seba-charmelle-scholastique/3101-seba-charmelle-scholastique.html?tmpl=component&print=1/|title=Seba Charmelle Scholastique|work=www.romamultietnica.it|language=it|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Aliendelea na masomo yake ya uzamili nchini Italia, ambako pia aliendeleza shauku yake ya kuimba kwa kujiunga na kwaya mjini [[Vatikani|Vatican]] . <ref name="gabm">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/a-la-decouverte-de-seba-et-de-son-premier-album-kundu/|title=À la découverte de SeBa et de son premier album "Kundu"|author=Time|first=Gabon Media|work=Gabon Media Time|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Albamu yake ''Kundu'' ilirekodiwa nchini Ufaransa na Gabon baada ya miaka mingi ya maandalizi. Anaandika na kuimba nyimbo zake katika [[Kinjebi|lugha ya Njebi]], na nyimbo hizo zimo katika albamu hiyo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonreview.com/blog/musique-kundu-retour-de-seba/|title=Musique : "Kundu", le retour de SeBa|author=Andy Steen dit|date=2016-11-21|work=Gabonreview.com {{!}} Actualité du Gabon {{!}}|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> Huko [[Libreville]], anafanya kazi kama mwimbaji wa kwaya pamoja na Pierre Akendengué na wanamuziki wengine waliorekodi na Pierre Barouh mwaka 1974. Alijiunga na kwaya ya Gabon iitwayo Chant sur la Lowé. Kwaya hiyo ilishika nafasi ya pili katika Olimpiki za Kwaya mwaka 2000 huko Linz, na mwaka 2013 ilikuwa kwaya ya wageni katika tamasha la kwaya huko Vaison-la-Romaine. <ref>{{Citation|title=Le chant sur la Lowe 2 Choralies 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1V73zNJ49G8|language=en|access-date=2020-02-08}}</ref> ''Katika maonyesho hayo, SeBa aliimba sehemu ya solo ya utunzi wake Ngonga Nzembi'' . Tarehe 2 Juni 2018, balozi wa Italia nchini Gabon, Paolo De Nicolo, aliadhimisha kumbukumbu ya miaka 72 ya kuanzishwa kwa Jamhuri ya Italia kwa kumkabidhi SeBa tuzo. Kwa kutambua mchango wake katika kueneza lugha ya Kiitaliano nchini Gabon, alitunukiwa cheo cha Knight of the Order of the Star of Italy. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gabonmediatime.com/charmelle-seba-consacree-chevalier-de-lordre-de-letoile-ditalie/|title=Charmelle SeBa consacrée Chevalier de l'ordre de l'étoile d'Italie|author=Time|first=Gabon Media|work=Gabon Media Time|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2020-02-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Articles with hCards]] 8satmata433sabpj7s8j9s0i60s79ah José María Caro Rodríguez 0 191135 1582423 1365834 2026-07-30T05:26:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:José María Caro.jpg|thumb|José María Caro Rodríguez]] '''José María Caro Rodríguez''' ([[23 Juni]] [[1866]] – [[4 Desemba]] [[1958]]) alikuwa [[Kardinali]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Chile]]. Alihudumu kama [[Askofu mkuu|Askofu Mkuu]] wa Santiago kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi kifo chake, na aliteuliwa kuwa Kardinali mwaka 1946 na [[Papa Pius XII]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://angeluspress.org/Mystery-Of-Freemasonry-Unveiled |title=Mystery of Freemasonry unveiled |accessdate=2024-11-20 |archive-date=2017-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203095334/http://angeluspress.org/Mystery-Of-Freemasonry-Unveiled |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1866]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1958]] [[Jamii:Makardinali]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:watu wa Chile]] 1b8liz5xr9t9gthms5b8gldtjw9rals 1582451 1582423 2026-07-30T09:30:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:José María Caro.jpg|thumb|José María Caro Rodríguez]] '''José María Caro Rodríguez''' ([[23 Juni]] [[1866]] – [[4 Desemba]] [[1958]]) alikuwa [[Kardinali]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Chile]]. Alihudumu kama [[Askofu mkuu|Askofu Mkuu]] wa Santiago kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi kifo chake, na aliteuliwa kuwa Kardinali mwaka 1946 na [[Papa Pius XII]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://angeluspress.org/Mystery-Of-Freemasonry-Unveiled |title=Mystery of Freemasonry unveiled |accessdate=2024-11-20 |archive-date=2017-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203095334/http://angeluspress.org/Mystery-Of-Freemasonry-Unveiled |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1866]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1958]] [[Jamii:Makardinali]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:watu wa Chile]] bkgz5rq5o8xnsa76hxiqtirsb55mgfk Karen Karagezyan 0 203137 1582436 1516489 2026-07-30T07:43:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Karagezyan, Karen -20181202 fRF01.jpg|thumb|Karen Karovich Karagezyan ]] '''Karen Karovich Karagezyan''' ([[6 Oktoba]] [[1935]] – [[25 Februari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]], na mtafsiri kutoka Umoja wa Kisovieti na [[Urusi]]. Pia alihudumu kama naibu mkuu wa ofisi ya vyombo vya habari katika The Gorbachev Foundation. Katika vipindi tofauti vya maisha yake, alikuwa msemaji wa habari, mshauri, na msaidizi wa Mikhail Gorbachev. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2009/09/04/makarcev.html|title=Журналист в замкнутом пространстве|date=September 4, 2009|publisher=[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.nd.edu/Observer/1991-08-27_v24_002.pdf|title=Republics breaking away|date=August 27, 1991|work=[[The Observer (Notre Dame)|The Observer]]|language=en|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2015-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017083500/http://www.archives.nd.edu/Observer/1991-08-27_v24_002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1991/02/24/la-nouvelle-version-du-plan-de-paix-acceptee-par-bagdad-est-la-seule-reaction-de-m-gorbatchev-a-l-ultimatum-de-m-bush_4159691_1819218.html|title=La nouvelle version du plan de paix acceptée par Bagdad est " la seule réaction de M. Gorbatchev à l'ultimatum de M. Bush"|language=fr|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=February 24, 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gorby.ru/gorbi_fund/staff/show_27452/|title=Карагезьян Карен Карович|publisher=[[The Gorbachev Foundation]]|language=ru|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609023624/http://www.gorby.ru/gorbi_fund/staff/show_27452/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/45758|title=Кто куда?|author=Ольга Ревизникова|date=April 22, 1993|publisher=[[Kommersant]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/kultur/buber-plaketten-der-euriade-fuer-gorbatschow-und-tochter_aid-27572529|title=Buber-Plaketten der Euriade für Gorbatschow und Tochter|language=de|work=[[Aachener Zeitung]]|date=February 22, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://petersburger-dialog.ru/home/koordinatsionnyj-komitet/rossijskij-komitet/363-karagezyan-karen-karovich.html|title=Карагезьян Карен Карович|publisher=Petersburg's dialogue|language=ru|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609023619/http://petersburger-dialog.ru/home/koordinatsionnyj-komitet/rossijskij-komitet/363-karagezyan-karen-karovich.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://gsom.spbu.ru/files/upload/about_som/GSOM/dialog_ru.pdf |title=8-й российско-германский Форум «Петербургский диалог» |accessdate=2025-02-25 |archive-date=2013-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418060435/http://www.gsom.spbu.ru/files/upload/about_som/GSOM/dialog_ru.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2726001|title=К юбилею Михаила Горбачева презентовали книгу|date=February 29, 2016|publisher=vesti.ru|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20160229/1382045365.html|title=Горбачев-Фонд: новая книга пресекает попытки исказить суть перестройки|date=February 29, 2016|agency=[[RIA Novosti]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/kultura/2705531|title=Новая книга "Горбачев в жизни" представлена в Москве|date=February 29, 2016|agency=[[TASS]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sobesednik.ru/politika/20170301-mihail-gorbachev|title=Михаил Горбачев: Предательство ненавижу больше всего на свете|author=Елена Скворцова|date=March 1, 2016|publisher=sobesednik.ru|language=ru|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2019-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609023616/https://sobesednik.ru/politika/20170301-mihail-gorbachev|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Urusi]] cvo89y023gslh4g8095y6c69jhadun4 Central Cee 0 204376 1582413 1431508 2026-07-30T04:36:07Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Central Cee | Img = Central cee-5.jpg | Img_capt = Central Cee mwaka 2023 | Img_size = 200px | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Oakley Neil H. T. Caesar-Su | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|1998|6|4}}<br>Shepherd's Bush, London, [[Uingereza]] | Ala = Sauti | Aina = UK drill, [[Hip hop]], Trap | Kazi yake = Mwimbaji, mwandishi wa nyimbo, rapa | Miaka ya kazi = 2015–sasa | Studio = Warner Records, Columbia Records | Ameshirikiana na = Dave, Lil Baby, [[Drake]], Stormzy, Ed Sheeran, D-Block Europe | Tovuti = [https://www.centralcee.com centralcee.com] }} '''Oakley Neil H. T. Caesar-Su''' (anajulikana kitaaluma kama '''Central Cee'''; alizaliwa London, Uingereza, 4 Juni 1998) ni rapa na mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alipata umaarufu mnamo 2020 baada ya kutoa nyimbo zake ''"Day in the Life"'' na ''"Loading"'', ambazo zilifuatiwa na mixtape yake ya mafanikio, ''Wild West'' (2021). Central Cee anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa drill yenye sauti ya melody, mashairi ya kina, na ushawishi wake katika muziki wa rap wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title = Central Cee ni nani?|author=Capitaxtra|url=https://www.capitalxtra.com/news/who-is-central-cee-height-age-girlfriend-heritage-instagram-madeline-argy-songs/ |accessdate=2025-03-05|lang=en}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali na Asili== Central Cee alizaliwa katika eneo la Shepherd's Bush. Ana asili ya Afro-Karibi na [[Eire|Ireland]]. Alikua Magharibi mwa London, ambako alikua akisikiliza aina mbalimbali za muziki, ikiwa ni pamoja na grime, hip-hop, na drill, ambazo baadaye zilichangia mtindo wake wa muziki. ==Kazi== ''2015–2019'': ''Mwanzo wa Kazi'' Central Cee alianza kutoa muziki mwaka 2015, akijaribu mitindo mbalimbali ya rap. Alipata umaarufu mdogo kupitia wimbo wake wa mwaka 2017, "Over You", lakini hakufanikiwa sana hadi mwaka 2020, alipokumbatia sauti ya UK drill. 2020–2021: Mafanikio na Wild West Mwaka 2020, alitoa nyimbo "Day in the Life" na "Loading", ambazo zilivuma sana na kumfanya kuwa nyota inayochipukia kwenye muziki wa rap wa Uingereza. Mixtape yake ya kwanza, Wild West, ilitolewa Machi 2021 na kufikia nafasi ya pili kwenye chati za albamu za Uingereza (UK Albums Chart). *'''2022–Sasa''': '''23 na Mafanikio ya Kimataifa''' Mwaka 2022, Central Cee alitoa mixtape yake ya pili, 23, ambayo ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama "Obsessed with You" na "Retail Therapy". Mixtape hiyo ilishika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye chati za albamu za Uingereza. Mnamo 2023, alishirikiana na rapa wa [[Marekani]] Lil Baby na kutoa freestyle maarufu "On the Radar". Wimbo wake "Sprinter" aliomshirikisha Dave ulivunja rekodi kwa kuwa wimbo wa rap wa Uingereza uliokaa kwa muda mrefu zaidi kwenye nafasi ya kwanza, ukidumu kwa wiki 10 kwenye chati za nyimbo za Uingereza ([[UK Singles Chart]]). ==Mtindo wa Muziki == Muziki wa Central Cee unachanganya UK drill, rap ya melody, na hadithi za maisha. Mtindo wake unajulikana kwa: *Melodic hooks na flows *Mashairi ya kibinafsi na yenye tafakari *Ushawishi kutoka kwa grime, hip-hop, na drill ==Diskografia== Mixtape Wild West (2021) – #2 Uingereza 23 (2022) – #1 Uingereza ==Nyimbo Maarufu== "Day in the Life" (2020) "Loading" (2020) "Commitment Issues" (2021) "Obsessed with You" (2021) "Doja" (2022) "Sprinter" (akiwa na Dave) (2023) ==Tuzo== *''MOBO Award ya Msanii Chipukizi Bora (2021) *BRIT Awards – Alichaguliwa kama Rapa Bora wa Uingereza (2022) *Rekodi ya Uingereza kwa wimbo wa drill uliodumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi kwenye nafasi ya kwanza (#1)'' == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1998|}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Uingereza]] 1v4htmcpdomywmr761fpi6dqywzbkuv Jolin Tsai 0 204866 1582418 1515805 2026-07-30T04:48:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Jolin Tsai''' (Mandarin: [tsʰaɪ] ⓘ; Kichina: 蔡依林; alizaliwa [[Septemba 15]], 1980) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mwandishi]] wa [[nyimbo]], na [[mwigizaji]] wa Taiwan. Anayetambuliwa kama "Malkia wa C-Pop", Tsai ni mmoja wa watu wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika [[utamaduni]] wa pop wa [[ulimwengu]] unaozungumza Kichina. Ubadilishaji wake wa mara kwa mara na uchangamano katika mtindo wa muziki na uwasilishaji wa kuona umemudu thibitisha kama mtu wa kuongoza katika kumudu sifia [[muziki]] wa dance-pop katika Greater China. Tsai ana mamlaka makubwa ya ubunifu juu ya kazi yake, na kazi yake, ambayo mara nyingi hushughulikia maswala ya kijamii na mada za kiitikadi, imepata mafanikio ya kibiashara na sifa za kimudu hakiki.<ref name=":72">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018-04-20 |title=新北戶政展名人榜 江蕙蔡依林入列 {{!}} 地方 |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aloc/201804200278.aspx |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Central News Agency |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=才16歲!蔡依林22年前舊照出土 網看傻: 太可怕了│TVBS新聞網 |url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/entertainment/988179 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=TVBS |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018-02-09 |title=蔣欣、劉詩詩、迪麗熱巴...她們證明「少數民族」專出高顏值美女! |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E8%94%A3%E6%AC%A3%E3%80%81%E5%8A%89%E8%A9%A9%E8%A9%A9%E3%80%81%E8%BF%AA%E9%BA%97%E7%86%B1%E5%B7%B4-%E5%A5%B9%E5%80%91%E8%AD%89%E6%98%8E%E3%80%8C%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E3%80%8D-082935879.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Yahoo News |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref> Alizaliwa Hsinchuang, Taiwan, Tsai alipata umaarufu mnamo 1998 baada ya kushinda shindano la kumudu imba lililoandaliwa na MTV Mandarin. Albamu yake ya kwanza, "1019" ([[1999]]), ilikuwa mafanikio ya kibiashara na ilimudu thibitisha hadhi yake kama sanamu ya vijana yenye wafuasi wengi miongoni mwa vijana. Na kutolewa kwa "Magic" (2003), Tsai alibadilika hadi mtindo wa muziki unaolenga zaidi dansi, akimuduimarisha sifa yake zaidi na "Dancing Diva" ([[2006]]), ambayo ilimudu thibitisha jukumu lake kama msanii mashuhuri wa dance-pop katika eneo la muziki wa Kichina.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=蔡依林回母校 與學弟妹共舞│TVBS新聞網 |url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/entertainment/307285 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=TVBS |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=「流行教主」蔡依林挑戰「HITO擂台賽」 |url=http://www.hitoradio.com/newweb/281hotnews |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.hitoradio.com}}</ref> Mnamo [[2009]], Tsai alianzisha [[kampuni]] yake mwenyewe, Eternal, na akaanza kumudu thibitisha udhibiti wa ubunifu juu ya nyanja zote za kazi yake. Albamu ya "Myself" (2010) iliashiria mabadiliko, ikionyesha mada za nguvu za wasichana na wasiwasi kwa maswala ya wachache. Albamu yake ya baadaye, "Muse" ([[2012]]), ilichanganya mvuto wa kawaida na vipengele vya muziki wa kujitegemea, wakati "Play" ([[2014]]) ilijulikana kwa kumudu endeleza muziki wa dansi wa Kichina kwenye jukwaa la kimataifa. Albamu yake ya "Ugly Beauty" ([[2018]]) ilichunguza mada za viwango vya urembo vya kijamii na uchanganyiko wa kisaikolojia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=蔡依林重回母校 学妹频追问高中初恋是谁?(图) |url=http://www.chinanews.com.cn/news/2005/2005-05-08/26/571290.shtml |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=China News Service}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Rejea tovuti |title=蔡依林15年进化论: 情路坎坷 工作拼命 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2014-10-27/14434230855.shtml |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Sina Entertainment}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2017-05-13 |title=洋溢青春 景美女中55周年校慶 - 生活 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20170513002587-260405?chdtv |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=China Times |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Jolin / 蔡依林 - 專輯介紹 - 音樂 |url=http://www.kiss.com.tw/music/artist.php?id=54 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Kiss Radio}}</ref> Tsai ameuza zaidi ya rekodi milioni 25, na kumfanya kuwa msanii wa kike wa kurekodi wa Taiwan anayeuza zaidi tangu [[2000]]. Tangu kutolewa kwa "Magic" ([[2003]]), kila albamu yake ya studio imekuwa albamu inayouza zaidi na [[msanii]] wa kike huko Taiwan kwa mwaka wa kutolewa kwake, na nne pia zikiwa albamu zinazouza zaidi kwa ujumla nchini humo. Ameshinda Tuzo saba za Golden Melody, nyingi zaidi na [[msanii]] yeyote wa dance-pop katika historia ya tuzo hiyo. Tsai ameonekana mara kwa mara kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] China Celebrity 100, akiwa katika 20 bora kwa miaka sita kati ya kumi tangu [[2010]] na akitajwa kuwa mwimbaji wa kike wa Kichina namba moja mara tatu. Thamani yake halisi ilizidi NT$2 bilioni mnamo [[2014]], na ameorodheshwa kama [[mwimbaji]] wa kike wa Taiwan anayelipwa zaidi mara 16 kati ya [[2003]] na [[2022]]. Tsai alizaliwa Septemba 15, [[1980]], katika Mji wa Hsinchuang, Kaunti ya [[Taipei]] (sasa Wilaya ya Xinzhuang, Mji wa New Taipei), Taiwan. Ana dada mkubwa na ana asili ya mchanganyiko, huku bibi yake wa upande wa [[mama]] akiwa mwanachama wa watu wa asili wa Papora. Tsai alihudhuria Shule ya Msingi ya Hsinchuang, Shule ya Upili ya Hsinchuang, na Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Chingmei. Wakati wa miaka yake ya shule ya upili, aliunda bendi iitwayo Twister na wenzake wa darasa na alishiriki katika [[mashindano]] mbalimbali ya kumudu imba ili kuimarisha wasifu wake wa maombi ya chuo kikuu. Hasa, alishinda Shindano la Kumudu imba la Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Chingmei na akapata nafasi ya pili katika kitengo cha muziki wa pop katika Shindano la Kitaifa la Kumudu imba la Shule za Upili la BCC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-06-29 |title=關於蔡依林10個小秘密!從內向女孩到霸氣的亞洲天后故事太勵志, 她說: 跌倒過的人, 比較幸福! - Yahoo奇摩時尚美妝 |url=https://style.yahoo.com.tw/news%2F%E8%94%A1%E4%BE%9D%E6%9E%97-%E5%8B%B5%E5%BF%97-%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B-044647328.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Yahoo! Style Taiwan |language=zh-tw |archive-date=2023-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706213617/https://style.yahoo.com.tw/news%2F%E8%94%A1%E4%BE%9D%E6%9E%97-%E5%8B%B5%E5%BF%97-%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B-044647328.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-07-04 |title=【我眼中的大明星】堅持不對嘴 唱走音的蔡依林哭了 |url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20210702ent010/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Mirror Media |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Rejea tovuti |title=娱乐首页 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/pop_music/2000-07-12/10475.shtml |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Sina Entertainment}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2010-07-17 |title=Jolinㄘㄞˋ英文 網友扣帽子 - 自由娛樂 |url=https://ent.ltn.com.tw/news/paper/411790 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Liberty Times}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-07-02 |title=蔡依林出道嫩照曝 憶天后努力史: 能紅超過20年真的不多 {{!}} |url=https://star.setn.com/news/961841 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Sanli News Network |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-09-11 |title=蔡依林挨轟騙子!巡演海報出爐⋯歌迷神回: 20年前就拍好 |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=600805 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.setn.com |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2009-03-30 |title=蔡依林十年音乐路①: 环球时期"少男杀手"_娱乐_腾讯网 |url=http://ent.qq.com/a/20090320/000347_1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330221053/http://ent.qq.com/a/20090320/000347_1.htm |archive-date=March 30, 2009 |access-date=2023-09-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Taiwan]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] aec83cugstzbd6kiud2xup302uz84rt Baubo 0 205155 1582411 1443497 2026-07-30T04:35:12Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Baubo''' (Kigiriki cha Kale: Βαυβώ), alikuwa mhusika mdogo katika hadithi za zamani za [[Kigiriki]], ambaye hakutajwa katika maandiko yaliyosalia kabla ya karne ya 4 baada ya [[Kristo]]. Kulingana na kipande cha [[maandishi]] cha Asclepiades wa Tragilus, inasemekana alikuwa mke wa Dysaules, ambaye aliaminika kuwa mtu wa asili kabisa wa nchi hiyo (autochthonous). Wawili hao walifanikiwa kupata mabinti wawili, Protonoe na Misa. Inasemekana pia, wanandoa hao walimkaribisha mungu wa kike Demeter nyumbani kwao.<ref>Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 12 F4.</ref><ref>[[#TKS|Karaghiorga-Stathacopoulou 1986]]: 87.</ref><ref>[[#SH08|Halliwell 2008]]: 165.</ref><ref>''Exhortation to the Greeks'' Chapter 11.</ref> Mwanaisimu (mtaalamu wa lugha) wa Kigiriki kutoka karne ya tano [[baada ya Kristo]], aitwaye Hesychius, aliandika jina "Baubo" katika [[kamusi]] yake ya maneno. Alisema kuwa Baubo alikuwa mlezi wa mungu wa kike Demeter. Alifafanua pia maana ya jina hilo kuwa ni "tupu" au "tumbo" (kwa Kigiriki: κοιλίαν, ''koilian''), akimnukuu [[mwanafalsafa]] wa kale Empedocles kutoka karne ya tano [[kabla ya Kristo]]. Baubo aliabudiwa pamoja na Demeter na Persephone katika kisiwa cha Paros. Ushahidi kutoka kwenye maandiko unaonyesha kuwa Baubo pia alikuwa akiheshimiwa katika maeneo mengine kama Naxos, Dion (iliyo katika Makedonia), pamoja na Paros, kutokana mahusiano yake wa karibu sana na Demeter na Kore (jina lingine la Persephone). Baubo anatajwa katika vipande viwili vya maandiko ya kale ya dini ya Kiorphic – kipande cha 52 na kipande cha 49. Vipande hivi vinahusiana na sherehe za kale zilizojulikana kama Mafumbo ya Eleusinia, ambazo zilikuwa maalum kwa kumheshimu Demeter, mungu wa kike wa kilimo, hasa wakati alipokuwa analia kwa huzuni baada ya binti yake kupotea. Katika kipande cha 52, inaoneshwa kuwa Baubo alihusika katika kumfurahisha Demeter wakati alipokuwa amefika Eleusis na alikuwa na huzuni kwa kumpoteza binti yake. Katika kipande cha 49, Baubo anatajwa kama mama wa mtoto aitwaye Demophon. Huyu ni mtoto ambaye Demeter alijaribu kumuokoa asife kwa kumpaka chakula cha miungu (ambrosia) na kumweka kwenye moto usiku ili amfanye kuwa na nguvu za kipekee. Lakini katika vyanzo vingine vya kale, Demophon anaelezwa kuwa mtoto wa Mfalme wa Eleusis, Celeus, na malkia wake Metanira. Hii inaonyesha kuwa katika kipande hicho cha 49, Baubo huenda ndiye aliyekuwa malkia wa Eleusis. Katika hadithi hiyo, Baubo alipomuona Demeter akimuweka mtoto kwenye moto, alipatwa na hofu kubwa na akaanza kulia. Kwa kujibu, Demeter alimuunguza mtoto hadi alipofariki. Katika kipande cha 52, Demeter anaonekana akiwa Eleusis, akihuzunika kwa kumpoteza binti yake Persephone, ambaye alikuwa ametekwa na mungu wa kuzimu, Hades. Baubo anajaribu kumchekesha Demeter kwa kufanya kitendo cha ajabu kinachoitwa ''anasyrma'' – yaani, kuonyesha sehemu zake za siri kama njia ya ucheshi. Katika hadithi nyingine, kama vile Wimbo wa Homeri kwa Demeter, nafasi ya kumfurahisha Demeter haifanywi na Baubo, bali na mtumwa aitwaye Iambe, ambaye anamtania Demeter kwa kuongea vichekesho. Kipande hiki cha 52 kimehifadhiwa ndani ya kitabu kiitwacho ''Protrepticus'', kilichoandikwa na Clement wa Alexandria katika karne ya pili baada ya Kristo. Clement alikitumia kipande hicho kuonyesha kuwa Mafumbo ya Eleusinia na dini ya Kigiriki kwa ujumla yalikuwa ya upotovu. Katika maelezo ya Clement, Demeter alikuwa amepumzika Eleusis wakati akimtafuta binti yake. Baubo, akimchukulia kama mgeni, alimletea chakula na divai. Lakini Demeter alikataa kula au kunywa kwa sababu alikuwa bado anaomboleza. Kukataa ukarimu huo kulionekana na Baubo kama dharau, hivyo alijibu kwa kumuonyesha sehemu zake za siri. Hata hivyo, wataalamu wengi wanaona kwamba kitendo cha Baubo kilikuwa jaribio la kumfurahisha Demeter, si la dharau. Hili linafanana na tukio katika Wimbo wa Homeri ambapo Iambe pia anamtania Demeter ili kumtoa katika huzuni. Mwanafasihi Ralph Rosen anaeleza kuwa kitendo hicho kililenga kumchekesha Demeter kwa njia ya dhihaka. Lakini pia anasisitiza kuwa watu wa wakati huo wasingekiona kama kejeli au dharau kwa mungu wa kike huyo, bali kama njia ya heshima na faraja kwa mtu mwenye huzuni. Kuna uwezekano mkubwa kwamba, kama ilivyo kwa hadithi ya Iambe, hadithi ya Baubo ni hadithi ya etiolojia(hadithi ya asili) inayoelezea taratibu na mila fulani za Mafumbo ya Eleusinia. Jina Baubo linapewa aina kadhaa tofauti za sanamu, nyingi zikiwa za udongo wa terracotta.Aina ya zamani kabisa ya sanamu zinazoitwa “Baubo” ni zile za aina ya Priene, jina ambalo limetokana na mji wa kale wa Priene ambako sanamu hizo zilipatikana, hasa katika Patakatifu pa Demeter na Kore. Sanamu hizi zilitengenezwa kati ya karne ya tatu na ya pili kabla ya Kristo (KWK). Sanamu hizi zinaonyesha sehemu ya chini ya mwili wa mwanamke akiwa uchi, ambapo uso umechongwa mahali ambapo tumbo lingekuwa. Mstari wa kidevu huunganika moja kwa moja na sehemu za siri za sanamu hiyo. Mikono ya sanamu hizi ipo juu karibu na masikio, na hushikilia vitu vya kiibada kama vile mwenge, kinubi, au kikapu cha matunda kilichowekwa juu ya kichwa. Inaaminika kwamba sanamu hizi zilitolewa kama sadaka za kiapo na zilitengenezwa nchini humo. Aina ya pili ya sanamu ya Baubo inatoka Misri, na imegawanyika katika vikundi viwili. Kikundi cha kwanza kinaonyesha mwanamke ameketi mbele kwenye nguruwe mkubwa, huku akishika ala ya muziki. Katika baadhi ya sanamu hizi mkono wake wa kulia unagusa sehemu zake za siri. Kikundi cha pili kinaonyesha mwanamke akiinama chini, akishika miguu yake mbali. Sehemu za siri zinaonekana wazi kila wakati, na sanamu nyingi za aina hii zilitumika kama hirizi. Vipengele vinavyoonekana kwenye baadhi ya sanamu za aina hii, kama taji ya lotus na sistrum, pamoja na ukweli kwamba zilitengenezwa huko [[Misri]], vimewafanya wasomi kupendekeza kwamba hizi ni sadaka za kiapo kwa Isis kutoka kwa wanawake wanaoomba uzazi au kutoka kwa wanawake wajawazito wanaotaka kujifungua hivi karibuni. Hivyo, licha ya jina, hakuna sababu ya kudhani kwamba takwimu hizi zinapaswa kumudu kuonyesha Baubo kutoka kwa hadithi ya Kigiriki, ingawa uhusiano hauwezi kukataliwa. == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Wahusika]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] o6du4pff0navq2627t5ucehlm0ps1iy Kendi Ntwiga 0 205450 1582445 1516788 2026-07-30T08:45:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kendi Ntwiga''' (alizaliwa [[30 Mei]] [[1980]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2020-07-05 |title=Microsoft appoints new Kenya country manager |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/microsoft-appoints-new-kenya-country-manager-1434338 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=The East African |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213202934/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/microsoft-appoints-new-kenya-country-manager-1434338 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni [[mkurugenzi]] wa [[biashara]] kutoka [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Felix|first=Mr|date=2017-02-14|title=USIU-Africa Alumni Association Hosts TechWomen Conference|url=https://www.kachwanya.com/2017/02/14/usiu-africa-alumni-association-hosts-techwomen-conference/|access-date=2024-02-14|website=KachTech Media|language=en-US}}</ref> Tangu [[Oktoba]] [[2023]], amehudumu kama Mkuu wa Kimataifa wa Ufumbuzi wa Watendaji katika [[kampuni]] ya [[Meta Platforms]], akiwa na makao makuu [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]]. Kabla ya hapo, kuanzia Mei [[2022]], alikuwa Mkuu wa Kimataifa wa Uwakilishi wa Uongo katika kampuni hiyo hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Taylor|first=Mildred Europa|date=2023-05-23|title=How Africa’s Kendi Ntwiga rose from the village to become one of the most senior women at Facebook, Whatsapp|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/how-africas-kendi-ntwiga-rose-from-the-village-to-become-one-of-the-most-senior-women-at-facebook-whatsapp|access-date=2024-02-13|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2015]], Ntwiga alianzisha ''SheGoesTech'', mpango ulioanzishwa nchini [[Kenya]] kwa lengo la kuwahamasisha na kuwasaidia wanawake kujenga taaluma katika masomo ya STEM.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mercy Corps Welcomes Four New Board Directors|url=https://www.mercycorps.org/press-room/releases/New-Board-Members-July-2021|access-date=2024-02-14|website=Mercy Corps|language=en}}</ref> Pia amehudumu kama mjumbe wa bodi katika Mercy Corps tangu [[Julai]] [[2021]], na katika KCB Group.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-01-07|title=Remarkable Kenyan Woman to Run Bill Gates' Company - Kenyans.co.ke|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/48349-remarkable-kenyan-woman-bill-gates-handpicked-ceo-job|access-date=2024-02-14|website=www.kenyans.co.ke|language=EN}}</ref> Kati ya mwaka [[2005]] na [[2022]], Kendi alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za juu katika kampuni za kimataifa za [[teknolojia]] barani Afrika. Alikuwa Mkurugenzi wa Nchi wa Microsoft nchini Kenya kuanzia Januari [[2020]] hadi Aprili [[2022]].<ref>https://ke.kcbgroup.com/about-us/our-leaders#bod-9</ref> Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Mkoa wa Afrika Mashariki na Kaskazini katika kampuni ya Check Point kati ya [[2017]] na [[2019]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Nderitu|first=Simon W.|date=2022-06-07|title=Kendi Ntwiga Appointed Global Head of Misrepresentation at Meta|url=https://techtrendske.co.ke/2022/06/07/kendi-ntwiga-appointed-global-head-of-misrepresentation-at-meta/|access-date=2024-02-14|website=TechTrendsKE|language=en-US}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka [[2011]], alifanya kazi kwa miaka mitano katika Oracle Corporation nchini Kenya, akiwa mkurugenzi anayesimamia soko la Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Aidha, kati ya 2008 na 2011, alikuwa meneja katika HP, akihusika na mauzo ya [[programu]] katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kendi Ntwiga, Trustee {{!}} ESSA |url=https://essa-africa.org/fr/node/1151 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=essa-africa.org |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Mbego|first=Steve|date=2022-06-06|title=Kendi Ntwiga Is Now Global Head Of Misrepresentation At Meta|url=https://cioafrica.co/kendi-ntwiga-is-now-global-head-of-misrepresentation-at-meta/|access-date=2024-02-13|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Kendi alizaliwa nchini Kenya tarehe 30 Mei mwaka 1980. Alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Teknolojia]] cha Kenya kabla ya kwenda Chuo Kikuu cha Africa Nazarene, ambapo alihitimu na shahada ya kwanza katika usimamizi wa biashara ya kimataifa mwaka wa [[2014]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mahugu |first=Jacqueline |title=Microsoft Lead Kendi Ntwiga on career and leadership |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/career-tips/article/2001405707/microsoft-lead-kendi-ntwiga-on-career-and-leadership |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Evewoman Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2019, alipata vyeti katika [[Programu]] ya Uongozi wa Biashara ya Babson College.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kendi Ntwiga |url=https://www.mercycorps.org/who-we-are/our-team/kendi-ntwiga |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=Mercy Corps |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2020-01-13 |title=Kenya : Kendi Ntwiga nommée Country Manager de Microsoft – Islam info |url=https://islaminfo.org/kenya-kendi-ntwiga-nommee-country-manager-de-microsoft/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Kazi== Kuanzia 2005 hadi [[2008]], Kendi alifanya kazi kama meneja aliyehusika na ukuzaji wa biashara katika Paynet Group (ambayo ilinunuliwa na Interswitch mwaka wa 2014).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Ezra |date=2022-06-08 |title=Kendi Ntwiga: Meet Kenyan Techie With Plum Job at Meta, Facebook's Parent Company |url=https://whownskenya.com/kendi-ntwiga-meet-kenyan-techie-with-plum-job-at-meta-facebooks-parent-company/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=whownskenya |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214073910/https://whownskenya.com/kendi-ntwiga-meet-kenyan-techie-with-plum-job-at-meta-facebooks-parent-company/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baadaye, aliteuliwa kuwa meneja aliyehusika na mauzo ya programu katika Afrika Mashariki katika HP Inc hadi Julai 2011.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-06-06 |title=Former Microsoft Executive Kendi Ntwiga To Head Misrepresentation Arm At Meta - Business Today Kenya |url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/former-microsoft-executive-kendi-ntwiga-to-head-misrepresentation-arm-at-meta/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo Agosti wa mwaka huo huo, alijiunga na Oracle Corporation, akifanya kazi katika ofisi yao ya [[Nairobi]], Kenya kama meneja aliyehusika na soko la Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Kendi alishika nafasi hii kwa miaka 5 hadi Agosti 2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Biko |first=Jackson |date=2020-10-01 |title=Modest Kendi, the Silent Star |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/modest-kendi-the-silent-star-2258012 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2017, Kendi aliteuliwa kuwa [[Meneja]] wa Mkoa wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]] na Kaskazini katika Check Point. Alishika nafasi hiyo hadi Julai 2019, alipopandishwa cheo ndani ya kampuni hiyo na kuwa Meneja Mkuu wa kikundi cha Afrika Mashariki, Magharibi, na Kati.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Biko |first=Jackson |date=2019-09-30 |title=Putting women in tech |url=https://top40.businessdailyafrica.com/candidates/putting-women-in-tech/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=Business Daily - Top 40 Under 40 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 2020, alijiunga na [[Microsoft]] kufanya kazi kama mkurugenzi wa nchi wa Kenya, nafasi ambayo alishika hadi Aprili 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Microsoft appoints Kendi Ntwiga – Nderitu as Country Manager for Kenya – Middle East & Africa News Center |url=https://news.microsoft.com/en-xm/2020/01/16/microsoft-appoints-kendi-ntwiga-nderitu-as-country-manager-for-kenya/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=news.microsoft.com}}</ref> Mnamo Mei wa mwaka huo, Kendi alijiunga na [[Meta Platforms]], huko Ireland, kufanya kazi kama mkuu wa kimataifa aliyehusika na uwakilishi wa uongo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Onoja |first=Simeon |date=2023-08-23 |title=Kendi Ntwiga, a Global Head in Integrity Operations at Meta, shares Expertise in Leadership |url=https://businesselitesafrica.com/2023/08/23/metas-kendi-ntwiga-shares-expertise-in-leadership/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=Business Elites Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222130345/https://businesselitesafrica.com/2023/08/23/metas-kendi-ntwiga-shares-expertise-in-leadership/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nafasi hiyo aliiacha alipoteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa kimataifa wa ufumbuzi wa watendaji akiwa na makao yake huko [[Dublin]], Ireland mnamo Oktoba 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Shiundu |first=Linda |date=2022-06-09 |title=Kenyan woman appointed by Meta to head Facebook, Whatsapp operations |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/people/457665-kenyan-woman-whose-interest-tech-was-pricked-by-dad-appointed-global-head-of-misrepresentation-at-meta/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news. |language=en}}</ref> == Tuzo na kutambuliwa== * 2015: TechWomen Emerging Leader na serikali ya Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-06-10 |title=Kendi picked as Meta Global head of misrepresentation |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/kendi-is-champion-of-community-activities/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521203957/https://kenyanwallstreet.com/kendi-is-champion-of-community-activities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2019: Wanawake 40 bora chini ya umri wa miaka 40 nchini Kenya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Quest Business |first= |date=2022-06-15 |title=Kendi Ntwiga appointed Global Misrepresentation at Meta |url=https://www.businessquest.co.ke/kendi-ntwiga-takes-her-expertise-to-meta-as-head-of-misrepresentation/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Business Quest |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Wanawake 50 bora wa C-suite barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-03-02 |title=15 Inspiring Women in Corporate Africa - Business Today Kenya |url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/15-inspiring-women-in-corporate-africa/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021: Wakuu 25 Bora Wenye Athari Kubwa zaidi kwa Biashara.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-06-21 |title=Top 25 Most Transformative Leaders Impacting Business {{!}} |url=https://www.theknowledgewarehouseke.com/top-25-most-transformative-leaders-impacting-business-22/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2022: Wanawake 15 Bora wa Kenya Wakuu wa Kampuni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Okumu |first=Lynnet |date=2022-05-07 |title=Top Women CEOs In Kenyan Leading Companies |url=https://sokodirectory.com/2022/05/top-women-ceos-in-kenyan-leading-companies/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Soko Directory}}</ref> * 2022: Wanawake wa C-suite bora barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-03-07 |title=2022 Definitive List Of Women CEOs In Africa - The Definitive List |url=https://thedefinitivelist.africa.com/2022-definitive-list-of-women-ceos-in-africa/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=thedefinitivelist.africa.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218191718/https://thedefinitivelist.africa.com/2022-definitive-list-of-women-ceos-in-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2023: Wakuu 30 wenye uvutano zaidi barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Onoja |first=Simeon |date=2023-07-12 |title=Business Elites Africa Magazine Unveils Africa's 30 Most Influential Executives of 2023 |url=https://businesselitesafrica.com/2023/07/12/africas-30-most-influential-executives-of-2023/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Business Elites Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216113149/https://businesselitesafrica.com/2023/07/12/africas-30-most-influential-executives-of-2023/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] rinrypqwv76rfx6516a8rpz0rnbbf0n Jenny Bosenge 0 208095 1582397 1575710 2026-07-30T03:19:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Mboyo Bonsenge''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Jeny Bonsenge''' au kwa jina la '''Jeny BSG''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Roderick Bendi|title=Jeny Bosenge dévoile son documentaire “Jeny Bsg The Documentary Part 1-2”|url=https://www.lemag.cd/musique/2022/11/15/jeny-bosenge-devoile-son-documentaire-jeny-bsg-documentary-part-1-2|date=15 novembre 2022|accessdate=4 mai 2024}}</ref>) ni mcheza dansi, mwandishi wa nyimbo na mwalimu wa dansi nchini [[Ubelgiji]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Wasifu == === Ujana === Bonsenge alikulia Molenbeek, [[Ubelgiji]] <ref name="RTL">{{Rejea tovuti|title=La danseuse Jeny Bonsenge sacrée "Etoile de Molenbeek" par sa commune: "Pour moi c'est comme un miracle" (vidéo)|url=https://www.rtl.be/people/potins/la-danseuse-jeny-bonsenge-sacree-etoile-de-molenbeek-par-sa-commune-merci-merci-merci-video--1202132.aspx|date=8 mars 2020|accessdate=20 mars 2022}}</ref> . === Kazi === Mnamo 2019, video ambayo Jeny na mwanafunzi wake Anae Romyns <ref>{{Cite video|url=https://www.france.tv/france-2/je-t-aime-etc/799821-prodige-de-la-danse-a-seulement-8-ans.html|date=2018-11-05|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|access-date=2025-06-19|archivedate=2025-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619105102/https://www.france.tv/france-2/je-t-aime-etc/799821-prodige-de-la-danse-a-seulement-8-ans.html}}</ref> ilisambaa kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. Umakini huu uliwaongoza kwenye seti ya kipindi cha televisheni [[Marekani|cha Marekani]] ''The Ellen DeGeneres Show'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=Rédaction|title=DIASPORA : Jeny Bonsenge et Anae Romyns cartonnent sur la toile et CNN avec « La Katangaise » de DJ Samarino|url=https://www.afriwave.com/2019/11/03/diaspora-jeny-bonsenge-et-anae-romyns-cartonnent-sur-la-toile-et-cnn-avec-la-katangaise-de-dj-samarino/|date=2019-11-03|accessdate=2022-03-19|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416181325/https://www.afriwave.com/2019/11/03/diaspora-jeny-bonsenge-et-anae-romyns-cartonnent-sur-la-toile-et-cnn-avec-la-katangaise-de-dj-samarino/|url-status=dead}}</ref>,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Quand le Congo fait danser sur des plateaux étrangers {{!}} Le Soft international|url=http://www.lesoftonline.net/articles/quand-le-congo-fait-danser-sur-des-plateaux-%C3%A9trangers|accessdate=2022-03-19}}</ref>,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|last=Fl.G|title=VIDÉOS {{!}} Anae et Jeny, les danseuses belges validées par Meghan Markle et Ellen DeGeneres|url=https://www.lavenir.net/buzz/2019/11/02/videos-anae-et-jeny-les-danseuses-belges-validees-par-meghan-markle-et-ellen-degeneres-K53ILOAUQ5B25LQDZAJSUOKT3E/|date=2024-05-04|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref> . Mnamo 2024, alifanya kazi kwa watu mashuhuri kama [[Fally Ipupa]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jeny Bosenge clarifie son choix musical exclusif de danser sur les chansons de Fally Ipupa|url=https://enquete.cd/2024/04/25/jeny-bosenge-clarifie-son-choix-musical-exclusif-de-danser-sur-les-chansons-de-fally-ipupa/|date=25 avril 2024|accessdate=4 mai 2024|archive-date=2025-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619105102/https://enquete.cd/2024/04/25/jeny-bosenge-clarifie-son-choix-musical-exclusif-de-danser-sur-les-chansons-de-fally-ipupa/|url-status=dead}}</ref>, Aya Nakamura na [[Burna Boy]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Danse : Jeny Bonsenge, la chorégraphe que les stars s'arrachent|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/weekend/spectacles-musique/danse-jeny-bonsenge-la-choregraphe-que-les-stars-sarrachent-2044687|date=2024-01-06|accessdate=2024-05-19}}</ref> . == Tuzo == Mnamo 2020, alitunukiwa tuzo ya Nyota ya Mwaka <ref name="voilà">{{Rejea tovuti|title=people- la danseuse Jeny Bonsenge reçoit deux nouvelles récompenses en Belgique|url=https://voila.cd/people-la-danseuse-jeny-bonsenge-recoit-deux-nouvelles-recompenses-en-belgique/|date=7 mars 2020}}</ref> na manispaa ya Molenbeek-Saint-Jean kwa kumfanya Molenbeek kukua na kukuza sura ya manispaa nchini Ubelgiji na kote ulimwenguni <ref name="RTL"/> . Siku hiyo hiyo, pia alipokea diploma ya ufunuo wa mwaka kutoka kwa [[Shirika Lisilo la Kiserikali|NGO]] ya Vitrine Africaine kwa matendo yake yote ya kiraia kukuza [[Diaspora ya Waafrika|diaspora ya Afrika]] <ref name="voilà" /> . == Maisha binafsi== Tarehe 3 Oktoba 2021, alipakia picha ya uso wake uliokuwa umeharibiwa kwa kipigo kutoka kwa mume wake wa zamani, Bryan Bule Lambula. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title="Le coup que j'ai reçu c'était le dernier": l'affaire de violences conjugales entre Jeny Bosenge et Dr Idéologie examinée demain|url=http://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/faits-divers/le-coup-que-jai-recu-cetait-le-dernier-laffaire-de-violences-conjugales-entre/2022-10-27/article/497473|date=2022-10-27|accessdate=2024-05-19}}</ref> . Alipatikana na hatia mwaka mmoja baadaye, na alikiri miaka miwili baadaye kuwa alimnyanyasa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Tony Chalot|title=Docteur Idéologie reconnaît avoir harcelé la danseuse et chorégraphe Jeny Bosenge, son ex-compagne|url=https://www.sudinfo.be/id748338/article/2023-11-20/docteur-ideologie-reconnait-avoir-harcele-la-danseuse-et-choregraphe-jeny|date=20 novembre 2023|accessdate=4 mai 2024}}</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{Youtube|id=k7j9SkDRSFc}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 5mv3l3i490998m7wy6outjknddhkym7 Josépha Madoki 0 208098 1582410 1433625 2026-07-30T04:34:23Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1582410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josépha Madoki''' (anajulikana pia kwa jina lake la kisanii '''Princess Madoki'''; alizaliwa [[Kinshasa]], 9 Januari 1981) ni mcheza dansi mwenye uraia wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na [[Ufaransa]]. == Wasifu == === Utoto na elimu === Josépha Madoki Mayemba aliwasili [[Lille]] akiwa na umri wa miaka mitatu. Mama yake ni mlezi wa watoto na baba yake ni [[mhandisi]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na sita, Josépha Madoki alijiunga na kampuni ya densi ya hip-hop ya nusu mtaalamu ,<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=La danseuse Princess Madoki, digne héritière du waacking !|url=https://www.redbull.com/fr-fr/princess-madoki-waacking|date=2019-04-24|accessdate=2024-05-03}}</ref>. Mnamo 2003, aliondoka kwenda Paris na kujiunga na [[Académie internationale de danse|Chuo cha Kimataifa cha Ngoma]] <ref name=":2" />, baada ya kuanza na kuacha masomo ya sheria, ambayo yalimfanya apoteze mawasiliano na wazazi wake kwa miaka kadhaa. Alipata uraia wa Ufaransa mnamo Januari 12, 2011. === Kazi ya mapema === Baada ya mafunzo yake, ilimbidi kupitisha majaribio mia moja kabla ya kupata mkataba wake wa kwanza, ambao alipewa na [[Yano Iatridès]] <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=La danseuse Princess Madoki, digne héritière du waacking !|url=https://www.redbull.com/fr-fr/princess-madoki-waacking|date=2019-04-24|accessdate=2024-05-03}}</ref> . Kisha akashirikiana kwenye maonyesho ya Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui kutoka 2013, na urekebishaji wa ukumbi wa michezo ''A Season huko Kongo'' , na Babson of the Wanted Posse, pia akishiriki katika muziki ''wa Kirikou na Karaba'' wa Wayne McGregor . Ziara hii ilidumu miaka mitatu na kuzindua kazi yake <ref name=":2" /> . Akiwa kwenye ziara, Madoki anahudhuria mhadhara kuhusu tohara ya wanawake. Alitoa onyesho lake la kwanza la solo kutoka kwake, " Maneno yangu ni maumivu yako ", mwaka wa 2010, ambapo alishinda shindano la Paris Jeunes Talents, ambalo lilimruhusu kuanzisha kampuni yake ya densi <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=La danseuse Princess Madoki, digne héritière du waacking !|url=https://www.redbull.com/fr-fr/princess-madoki-waacking|date=2019-04-24|accessdate=2024-05-03}}</ref> . === Waacking === Josépha Madoki anachanganya ushawishi kutoka kwa densi ya kisasa, hip hop na densi ya Kiafrika <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=La danseuse Princess Madoki, digne héritière du waacking !|url=https://www.redbull.com/fr-fr/princess-madoki-waacking|date=2019-04-24|accessdate=2024-05-03}}</ref> . ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ufaransa]] mz0ekngeetw22iyp496qcglf6tblv11 Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi 4 208508 1582360 1582317 2026-07-29T14:21:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 473 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 554 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 516 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22388 || ↓ -25.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 129.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2375 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 516 || ↑ +7.1% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 488 || ↑ +12.2% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 473 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 439 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} ru0ptr3mnx01nuoe06bla4gqnza1u3m 1582361 1582360 2026-07-29T14:23:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 473 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 554 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 516 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22388 || ↓ -25.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 129.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2375 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 516 || ↑ +7.1% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 488 || ↑ +12.2% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 473 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 439 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} n0wl4hm31z1vkz9jyli101gbzy7u1p7 1582380 1582361 2026-07-29T19:24:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 473 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 554 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 516 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22388 || ↓ -25.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 129.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2375 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 516 || ↑ +7.1% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 488 || ↑ +12.2% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 473 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 439 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 3x972qwapcvcxgim7i6rg2g53zi4ovk 1582381 1582380 2026-07-29T19:26:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 473 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 554 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2375 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 900 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1121 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 463 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 516 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 488 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 731 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 439 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22388 || ↓ -25.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 129.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2375 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 516 || ↑ +7.1% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 488 || ↑ +12.2% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 473 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 439 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} t1lmpowy5hxgib3h84avxxc3qh6cffb 1582394 1582381 2026-07-30T02:42:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 539 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2287 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 884 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1108 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 704 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 263 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22388 || ↓ -25.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 129.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2375 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 900 || ↓ -31.8% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 731 || ↓ -58.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 554 || ↓ -25.0% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 516 || ↑ +7.1% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 492 || ↑ +97.6% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 488 || ↑ +12.2% |- | 8 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 473 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 463 || ↓ -21.0% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 439 || ↑ +44.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} mgnu4t1cl0qrusboknqd2llsfsao1mk 1582395 1582394 2026-07-30T02:49:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 539 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2287 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 884 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1108 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 704 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 263 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 21707 || ↓ -28.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 125.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2287 || ↓ -22.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 884 || ↓ -32.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 704 || ↓ -60.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 539 || ↓ -26.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 497 || ↑ +0.6% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 493 || ↑ +101.2% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 471 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 450 || ↓ -24.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 446 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 435 || ↑ +39.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} aw380kr4pyh01g1nnhafp4xw1tsk5mz 1582442 1582395 2026-07-30T08:35:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1582442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 539 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2287 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 884 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1108 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 704 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 263 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 21707 || ↓ -28.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 125.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2287 || ↓ -22.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 884 || ↓ -32.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 704 || ↓ -60.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 539 || ↓ -26.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 497 || ↑ +0.6% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 493 || ↑ +101.2% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 471 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 450 || ↓ -24.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 446 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 435 || ↑ +39.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} cacedm504jnwdj991ml02eqiqnfd654 1582443 1582442 2026-07-30T08:37:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1582443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-07-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-07-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 539 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2287 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 884 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1108 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 493 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 497 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 446 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 292 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 704 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 263 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34977 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 21707 || ↓ -28.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 125.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2287 || ↓ -22.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 884 || ↓ -32.6% |- | 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 704 || ↓ -60.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 539 || ↓ -26.9% |- | 5 || [[Ufaransa]] || 497 || ↑ +0.6% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 493 || ↑ +101.2% |- | 7 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 471 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 450 || ↓ -24.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 446 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 435 || ↑ +39.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} lgc1l30tq2avxtqzycl5n007rxiinuc Daaden 0 212413 1582477 1471097 2026-07-30T11:58:16Z NDG 79979 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1c) 1582477 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Page crated by LTA Wikinger while evading the global ban <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[File:Daaden in AK.svg|thumb|right|Ramani za Wilaya ya Altenkirchen na mji wa Daaden (nyekundu)]] [[File:Daaden, Ortskern.jpg|thumb|right|Kanisa la Angelikana Daaden]] [[File:Kirche daaden.jpg|thumb|right|Kanisa na barabara ya Lamprecht]] [[File:Daaden, Betzdorfer Straße 31.jpg|thumb|right|Makumbusho ya mkoa ya Daaden]] [[File:Bahnhof, 2, Daaden, Landkreis Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|right|Treni za eneo, Mstari RB97, jukwaani ya kituo cha reli Daaden]] [[File:Linie 277, 1, Daaden, Landkreis Altenkirchen.jpg|thumb|right|Basi la eneo kituoni cha reli Daaden]] '''Daaden''' ni mji mdogo kaskazini wa jimbo la [[Rhine-Palatino]] ya [[Ujerumani]]. == Eneo == Daaden ipo kata la Daaden na wilaya ya Altenkirchen. Daaden ni mji moja kwa miji saba (kando ya [[Altenkirchen]], [[Betzdorf (Sieg)|Betzdorf]], [[Kirchen (Sieg)|Kirchen]], [[Herdorf]] na [[Wissen]]) kwenye wilaya ya Altenkirchen. Daaden ipo mtoni wa "Daade". == Vitu muhimu == Kanisa la Baroki na nyumba za kihistoria za nusu-timberi ni muhimu kwa mjimwa Daadem, lakini pia kwa wapenzi wa asili na njia nyingi kutembea au kutumia baiskeli misitu minene na vile vile. == Wakazi == Mwaka 2024 Daaden ilikuwa na wakazi 4280. == Trafiki == Kuna kituo cha reli inaitawa Daaden pia, hapa kuna huduma za treni ya eneo, mstari wa RB97, [[Daadetalbahn]] ([[Betzdorf (Sieg)]] - Daaden). Pia kuna huduma za mabasi la eneo pia. Daaden ipo eneo za umoja wa usafiri wa umma wa Rhine-Moselle (Kijerumani:Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM). == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.daaden-herdorf.de Tovuti ya Daaden-Herdorf] {{de}} dtuvlx91h92on0eri1aqb9c1d29dssc Kamilya Jubran 0 218987 1582431 1476839 2026-07-30T07:12:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamilya Jubran''' ({{lang-ar|كميليا جبران}}) ni mwimbaji, mwandishi wa nyimbo, na mwanamuziki wa [[Palestina]].<ref name="web bio">{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.kamilyajubran.com/bio.htm|website=Kamilya Jubran|accessdate=2 July 2016|archive-date=2017-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624102333/http://www.kamilyajubran.com/bio.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="daily star">{{cite news|title=Finishing a musical odyssey alone|url=https://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Art/2004/Jun-23/92413-finishing-a-musical-odyssey-alone.ashx|accessdate=2 July 2016|agency=The Daily Star (Lebanon)|date=June 23, 2004}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Palestina]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] ji92hsz92k40niueoehc1ac0lgbtr6y Isatou Touray 0 222319 1582393 1514793 2026-07-30T01:02:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isatou Touray''' (alizaliwa [[17 Machi]] [[1955]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]], mzalendo wa kijamii, na mabadilishaji wa kijamii wa [[Gambia]]. Pia ni [[mwanaharakati]] mashuhuri wa kupinga ukeketaji wa wanawake (FGM). Touray alikuwa mgombea wa kwanza mwanamke wa urais wa Gambia mwaka [[2016]], kabla ya kujiondoa na kumpa sapoti [[Adama Barrow]] na ''Coalition'' 2016. Baada ya uchaguzi, alihudumu katika serikali ya Barrow kama waziri wa [[biashara]], kisha waziri wa [[afya]]. Mnamo [[15 Machi]] [[2019]], Touray aliteuliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Gambia, akichukua nafasi ya mtangulizi wake, Ousainou Darboe, katika mabadiliko makubwa ya baraza la mawaziri.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Mildred Europa |title=Kiongozi wa Gambia Adama Barrow amemchukua mwanamke kama Makamu wa Rais |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/gambian-leader-adama-barrow-replaces-veep-with-woman |accessdate=18 Machi 2019 |publisher=Face2FaceAfrica |date=16 Machi 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Touray alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Royal Victoria, [[Banjul|Bathurst]], Koloni la Gambia, mwaka 1955. Alilelewa katika anwani ya 44 Grant Street mjini Bathurst, mji ambao ulibadilishwa jina kuwa Banjul mwaka 1975. Baba yake alikuwa mzaliwa wa Kaur. Alisoma katika Crab Island Secondary Technical School, ambapo alijulikana kama mwanamichezo mzuri wakati wa masomo yake.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=http://foroyaa.gm/dr-isatou-touray-unveiled-as-an-independent-candidate/|title=Dr Isatou Touray Unveiled as an Independent Candidate|date=5 September 2016|work=Foroyaa|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910165020/http://foroyaa.gm/dr-isatou-touray-unveiled-as-an-independent-candidate/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Touray alisoma katika Usman Danfodiyo University nchini [[Nigeria]], ambapo alipata shahada ya kwanza katika elimu na Kiingereza.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|url=http://gainako.com/dr-isatou-touray-independent-candidate-president-republic-gambia/|title=Dr. Isatou Touray, Independent candidate for President of the Republic of The Gambia|date=30 August 2016|work=Gainako|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910165214/http://gainako.com/dr-isatou-touray-independent-candidate-president-republic-gambia/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baadaye alisoma katika International Institute of Social Studies huko [[The Hague]], [[Netherlands]], ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili katika masomo ya maendeleo. Alikamilisha shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika masomo ya maendeleo katika Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, [[United Kingdom]].<ref name=":0" /> == Kazi == === Uanaharakati wa kijamii === Touray anajulikana kama mwanaharakati dhidi ya female genital mutilation (FGM). Alianzisha kwa pamoja Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices (GAMCOTRAP) mwaka 1984, shirika linalolenga kumaliza FGM. Alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa GAMCOTRAP na mara nyingi aliwahimiza wanasiasa kupiga marufuku FGM licha ya vikwazo vya serikali kuhusu kuripoti suala hilo. Katika kongamano la mwaka 1998, viongozi wa dini na wataalamu wa afya walikutana na kusaini Azimio la Banjul, lililolaani matumizi ya FGM.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.defendingwomen-defendingrights.org/2014/03/04/drisatoutouray/|title=Meet a defender: Dr Isatou Touray|date=4 March 2014|work=Women Human Rights Defenders International Coalition|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204234102/https://www.defendingwomen-defendingrights.org/2014/03/04/drisatoutouray/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2011, Touray alikuwa mwenyekiti wa tawi la Gambia la West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP).<ref name=":1" /> Pia alihudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children kuanzia 2009 hadi 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thegirlgeneration.org/dr-isatou-touray|title=Dr Isatou Touray|website=The Girl Generation|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222042/https://www.thegirlgeneration.org/dr-isatou-touray|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia alifanya kazi kama naibu mkurugenzi wa Management Development Institute (MDI), ambapo alianzisha kitengo cha jinsia na maendeleo. Hata hivyo, alilazimika kujiuzulu baada ya vitisho vya mara kwa mara kutoka kwa mamlaka. Alikamatwa mara mbili na kushitakiwa kwa tuhuma zisizo za kweli, lakini zote zilifutwa baadaye. Mara ya pili aliachiliwa baada ya kulipa dhamana ya euro 36,000.<ref name=":2" /> === Uchaguzi wa urais wa 2016 === Touray alitangaza kugombea kama mgombea huru katika uchaguzi wa urais wa 2016 tarehe 2 Septemba 2016. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kugombea urais wa Gambia. Katika hotuba yake ya uzinduzi alisema kuwa akichaguliwa angehudumu kwa muhula mmoja wa miaka mitano tu. [[Amie Bojang-Sissoho|Amie Bojang Sissoho]] aliongoza mkutano huo, na miongoni mwa waliozungumza walikuwa mume wake na [[Fatoumata Tambajang]].<ref name=":0" /> Uteuzi wake uliungwa mkono na Vanguard Africa Foundation.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://vanguardafrica.com/our-candidates/dr-isadou-touray|title=Dr. Isatou Touray|date=5 October 2016|website=Vanguard Africa Foundation|access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> Alisema kuwa akichaguliwa "atarejesha mamlaka kwa wananchi, kukomesha kutokuwajibika, na kusambaza madaraka."<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://jollofnews.com/2016/09/02/dr-isatou-touray-why-i-want-to-be-president-of-the-gambia/|title=Dr Isatou Touray: Why I Want To Be President Of The Gambia|date=2 September 2016|work=Jollof News|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164942/https://jollofnews.com/2016/09/02/dr-isatou-touray-why-i-want-to-be-president-of-the-gambia/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Vyama vya upinzani vilikubaliana kuunda muungano wa uchaguzi kumuunga mkono mgombea mmoja dhidi ya [[Yahya Jammeh]]. Touray awali alikuwa sehemu ya kundi lililounda Coalition 2016, lakini hakuhudhuria mkutano wa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2016 ambapo [[Adama Barrow]] alichaguliwa kuwa mgombea.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/i-cant-make-any-decision-at-the-moment-isatou-touray-comments-on-opposition-coalition|title='I can't make any decision at the moment,' Isatou Touray comments on opposition coalition|date=2 November 2016|work=The Point|access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> Hata hivyo, tarehe 4 Novemba alitangaza kumuunga mkono Barrow na kujiondoa kwenye kinyang'anyiro hicho.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.freedomnewspaper.com/2016/11/04/gambia-isatou-touray-endorses-the-coalition-flag-bearer-adama-barrow/|title=Gambia: Isatou Touray Endorses The Coalition's Flag Bearer Adama Barrow|date=4 November 2016|work=Freedom Newspaper|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805155205/https://www.freedomnewspaper.com/2016/11/04/gambia-isatou-touray-endorses-the-coalition-flag-bearer-adama-barrow/|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Barrow alishinda uchaguzi wa tarehe 1 Desemba. === Kazi ya uwaziri === Touray aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Biashara, Ushirikiano wa Kikanda na Ajira katika Cabinet of Adama Barrow tarehe 1 Februari 2017.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/gambias-barrow-finally-outs-cabinet-list|title=Gambia's Barrow finally outs cabinet list|date=1 February 2017|work=APA News|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164910/http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/gambias-barrow-finally-outs-cabinet-list|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri ya Julai 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Afya na Ustawi wa Jamii.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/gambias-barrow-in-first-major-cabinet-shakeup|title=Gambia's Barrow in first major Cabinet shakeup|date=29 June 2018|work=APA News|access-date=10 September 2018|archive-date=10 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164754/http://apanews.net/index.php/en/news/gambias-barrow-in-first-major-cabinet-shakeup|url-status=dead}}</ref> Uongozi wake kama Makamu wa Rais ulimalizika tarehe 4 Mei 2022, baada ya hapo akawa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa muda wa shirika la kimataifa la utetezi Uniting to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Website of Uniting to Combat Neglected Tropical Diseases |url=https://unitingtocombatntds.org/en/about-us/the-board/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |language=en |archive-date=2025-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530144507/https://unitingtocombatntds.org/en/about-us/the-board/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Gambia]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Gambia]] [[Jamii: Gambia]] [[Jamii: WikiGap JWK 2026]] 3f5bdme1x9yepgc5gen7nj43agbvw8p Ineza Umuhoza Grace 0 222490 1582390 1546282 2026-07-30T00:19:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582390 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ineza Umuhoza Grace''' (aliyezaliwa [[1996]]) ni mwanaharakati wa mazingira, [[Harakati za hali ya hewa|mwanaharakati wa hali ya hewa]] na [[utunzaji wa mazingira|mwanamazingira]] kutoka [[Kigali|Kigali, Rwanda]] . Yeye ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa The Green Protector, <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Green Protector|url=https://www.thegreenprotector.org/|work=The Green Protector}}</ref> mratibu wa Muungano wa Vijana (Loss and Damage Youth Coalition) <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Loss and Damage Youth Coalition|url=https://ldyouth.org/|work=Loss and Damage Youth Coalition}}</ref> na Msaidizi wa Utafiti wa mradi wa CCLAD. <ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Climate Change Loss and Damage|url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/|work=Climate Change Loss and Damage|accessdate=2026-02-07|archive-date=2024-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421142816/https://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa mshindi wa [[Tuzo]] ya Raia wa Kimataifa mnamo [[2023]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Global Citizen Prize|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/prize/|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Grace alizaliwa na kukulia Kigali, Rwanda. [[Dhoruba]] ilifurika nyumba yao akiwa na umri wa miaka 5, na [[CNET]] iliripoti kumhusu kama mtu mwenye uzoefu binafsi wa hasara na uharibifu ; <ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2023-03-08|title=This ecofeminist inspires young people to take action|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311145305/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change|archivedate=March 11, 2023|accessdate=2023-04-23|work=Impact|language=en}}</ref> [[majanga]] ya asili kama vile mafuriko yanazidi kutokea nchini Rwanda. <ref name=":7" /> Grace alitengeneza filamu ya uhuishaji—akisaidiwa na ruzuku kutoka kwa Jumuiya ya Kitaifa ya Jiografia —ili kuwaelimisha vijana kuhusu masuala ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi. <ref name=":6">{{Citation|title=What Is An Eco-feminist? Explorer Ineza Umuhoza Grace, National Geographic UK|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CW3MrS72w8M|language=en|access-date=2023-04-17}}</ref> Grace alihitimu [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada ya Kwanza]] katika [[Uhandisi]] wa Maji na Mazingira mnamo [[2018]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Rwanda . <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ineza Umuhoza Grace: Curriculum Vitae|url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/|accessdate=2023-04-17|work=CCLAD|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu, alisomea diplomasia ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi na Taasisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Mafunzo na Utafiti (UNITAR) na Usimamizi wa Biashara na Ushirikiano wa Biashara wa Wanawake wa Afrika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Global Citizen Prize|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/prize/|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Explorer Directory: Ineza Umuhoza Grace|url=https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/ineza-umuhoza-grace|accessdate=2023-04-17|work=explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org|archive-date=2023-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/ineza-umuhoza-grace|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Rwanda]] 2y79oig7dopiovnzqtxqnpjpkmq0gsh Gbemisola Oke 0 228327 1582412 1509523 2026-07-30T04:35:42Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 1582412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gbemisola Oke''' (alizaliwa '''Gbemisola Aderemi Aderinokun''') ni profesa kutoka nchini Nigeria wa Periodontolojia na Meno ya Jamii katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . Alikuwa Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo kwa miaka miwili kati ya mwaka wa 2015 na mwaka wa 2017. Pia ameshika nafasi za utawala kama vile Mkuu wa Chuo, Kitivo cha Meno na Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Ujasiriamali na [[Ubunifu]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Oke alisoma shahada yake ya kwanza kutoka katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] kati ya mwaka wa 1976 na mwaka wa 1981. Kisha akaenda nchini Marekani ili kusomea maswala ya afya ya umma, na kupata shahada ya uzamili katika Afya ya Umma mwaka wa 1985. Baadaye, alirudi nchini Nigeria kuanza na kukamilisha tasnifu yake katika [[Epidemiolojia]] kati ya mwaka wa 1987 na mwaka wa 1997. Yeye ni mwanachama wa mashirika mengi ya kitaaluma ikiwa ni pamoja na Chama cha Madaktari cha Nigeria, Chama cha Meno cha Nigeria, Chama cha Kimataifa cha Utafiti wa Meno, Jumuiya ya Wanawake na UKIMWI barani Afrika miongoni mwa mengine. <ref name="one">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449|title=Prof Oke Aderemi|author=admin|work=College of Medicine|accessdate=2017-11-21|archive-date=2017-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913182348/http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Machapisho na majukumu ya utawala == Kati ya mwaka wa 2007 na mwaka wa 2010, Oke alikuwa Mkuu wa Chuo, Kitivo cha Meno katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . Hadi alipoteuliwa kuwa Naibu Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo mwaka wa 2015, alikuwa Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Ujasiriamali na Ubunifu. <ref name="one"/> Mnamo Januari mwaka wa 2015, aliteuliwa kuwa naibu VC, akichukua nafasi ya Makamu Mkuu wa Chuo wa siku zijazo, Abel Idowu Olayinka . Alikuwa mwanamke wa pili kuchukua nafasi hiyo. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, aliona kwamba kuharika kwa meno si hatari sana nchini Nigeria, ikilinganishwa na nchi zingine zilizoendelea kwa kuwa hatutegemei sana vyakula vyenye [[sukari]]. Alisisitiza hitaji la kutumia [[dawa ya meno]] yenye floridi kwani hiyo itapunguza hatari ya kuoza. Alizungumza katika moja ya kituo cha meno cha jamii alichoanzisha, Oke alisisitiza hitaji la aina yake zaidi, huku akisisitiza imani za kishirikina kuhusu huduma ya afya ya kinywa na mzigo wa kifedha ili kuweka gharama nafuu kama kikwazo kikubwa katika kutimiza malengo yake yaliyowekwa ya kufafanua upya mfumo wa meno nchini Nigeria. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t2cky17d1u9abebvfdp440dmc6vzp6s Jill Adler 0 228653 1582398 1506079 2026-07-30T03:37:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jill Adler''' née '''Smidt''' (alizaliwa Januari 31, [[1951]] maeneo ya [[Johannesburg]]) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.mathunion.org/o/Organization/GA/GA-Santiago/candidatesCV/ICMI/ICMIAdler.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae, Professor Jill Adler|publisher=Mathunion.org|accessdate=18 October 2017|language=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004931/http://www.mathunion.org/o/Organization/GA/GA-Santiago/candidatesCV/ICMI/ICMIAdler.pdf|archivedate=19 October 2017}}</ref> ni Profesa wa Elimu ya Hisabati wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ndani ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]] na Rais wa Tume ya Kimataifa ya Mafundisho ya Hisabati (mwaka 2017–mwaka 2020). Kazi ya Adler imejikita katika ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa hisabati hasa katika madarasa yanayotumia lugha nyingi. == Kazi na athari == Adler alizaliwa mahali panapoitwa [[Johannesburg]], <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.mathunion.org/icmi/activities/awards/the-hans-freudenthal-medal-for-2015/|title=International Mathematical Union (IMU): The Hans Freudenthal Medal for 2015|work=www.mathunion.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018192143/http://www.mathunion.org/icmi/activities/awards/the-hans-freudenthal-medal-for-2015/|archivedate=2017-10-18}}</ref> [[Afrika Kusini]] . Alipata elimu yake ya shahada ya kwanza na za uzamili kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]] . <ref name=":0" /> Kwa wakati huu, anafanya kama Mwenyekiti wa Elimu ya Hisabati ndani [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand|Chuo Kikuu cha Wits]] na kwa afasi ya Rais wa Tume ya Kimataifa ya Mafundisho ya Hisabati (2017–2020). Kazi ya Adler imebobea juu ya kufundisha na kujifunza hisabati zaidi sana kwenye madarasa ya lugha nyingi pamoja na maendeleo ya kitaaluma ya walimu wa hisabati wa shule za upili . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/education/research/jill-adler---sarchi-chair-in-mathematics-education/|title=Jill Adler – SARChI Chair in Mathematics Education – Wits University|author=Johannesburg|first=The University of the Witwatersrand|work=www.wits.ac.za|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archivedate=19 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019003510/https://www.wits.ac.za/education/research/jill-adler---sarchi-chair-in-mathematics-education/}}</ref> Ana ukadiriaji wa A, wa juu zaidi iwezekanavyo, kutoka kwa Wakfu wa Kitaifa wa Utafiti wa Afrika Kusini . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/research/distinguished-researchers/|title=Distinguished Researchers - Wits University|author=Johannesburg|first=The University of the Witwatersrand|work=www.wits.ac.za|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528144617/http://www.wits.ac.za/research/distinguished-researchers/|archivedate=2018-05-28}}</ref> Kuanzia mamo 2009 hadi 2014 Profesa Adler alikuwa profesa mgeni katika Chuo cha King's London . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/jill-adler(f593ba9c-dfe9-4174-a39d-30968d8751be).html|title=Professor Jill Adler|author=King's College London|date=2015|accessdate=18 October 2017|archive-date=2021-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413165152/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/jill-adler(f593ba9c-dfe9-4174-a39d-30968d8751be).html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Afrika Kusini . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.assaf.org.za/index.php/about-assaf/members|title=Members|work=www.assaf.org.za|language=en-gb|accessdate=2017-10-18}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|35em}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] o86zm8e4zv63swreyahtduecerchn2x Kirsty Bertarelli 0 235213 1582472 1543641 2026-07-30T11:23:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kirsty Bertarelli''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 30]], [[1971]]) ni [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo nchini [[Uingereza]]. Alishinda [[Miss United Kingdom]] mwaka 1988 na akaiwakilisha nchi yake katika [[Miss World]] [[1988]], akishika nafasi ya pili. Yeye ni mke wa zamani wa [[Ernesto Bertarelli]], mfanyabiashara wa [[Uswisi]]-[[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa mmiliki wa kampuni ya teknolojia ya urithi (biotech) Serono hadi [[2007]] na mshindi wa America's Cup mwaka [[2003]] na 2007 na chama chake cha bahari Alinghi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://features.thesundaytimes.co.uk/richlist/2017/live/richlist/view/group28|title=The Sunday Times Rich List 2017|website=The Sunday Times|access-date=29 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829203223/http://features.thesundaytimes.co.uk/richlist/2017/live/richlist/view/group28|archive-date=29 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.cityam.com/263880/ernesto-and-kirsty-bertarelli-officially-richest-couple-uk|title=Mr & Mrs Moneybags: the UK's richest couples revealed|last=Key|first=Alys|date=2 May 2017|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Britain's richest women|url=http://www.virginmedia.com/money/features/britains-richest-women.php?ssid=10|accessdate=2026-05-15|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115327/http://www.virginmedia.com/money/features/britains-richest-women.php?ssid=10|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gev1k7znjemsukvldrltii8osh66vlh Khadra Haji Ismail Geid 0 237744 1582450 1548971 2026-07-30T09:11:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khadra Haji Ismail Geid''' (Kisomali: ''Khadra Xaaji Ismaaciil Geydh'') ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Mwaka 2011, alikua Meya wa [[mji]] wa Gabiley na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa meya katika Somaliland. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201104455/https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Kwa sasa ni Naibu Meya wa Gabiley. == Kazi == Geid alijiunga na chama tawala cha Amani, Umoja, and Maendeleo (Kulmiye) mwaka 2002. Mnamo Mei 2011, aliidhinishwa na [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Ndani kuwa Meya wa Wilaya ya Gabiley. Alikuwa meya wa saba wa wilaya hiyo tangu mwaka 1991 na mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo katika Somaliland. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kuwa meya, alihudumu miaka minne kama diwani wa halmashauri na miaka sita kama Naibu Meya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Khadra Gaydh: The first” Madam Mayor” in Somaliland|url=https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2011/Sept/20486/khadra_gaydh_the_first_madam_mayor_in_somaliland.aspx|work=Hiiraan Online|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 13 Machi 2012, aliondolewa madarakani kupitia [[kura]] ya kutokuwa na imani katika baraza la mji wa Gabiley, na baadaye akachaguliwa tena kuwa Naibu Meya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] kkz0epx80v1i0vjb8hv7knaeeuh1awb Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud 0 237797 1582389 1548909 2026-07-29T22:19:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud''' (Kisomali: ''Xuseen Maxamed Maxamuud''), anayejulikana pia kama Hussein Hog, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Somalia. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Afya wa Somaliland kuanzia Julai 2010 hadi Juni 2013.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Article on UNPO and the Uyghurs in Checks & Balances -|url=https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|date=2009-11-02|accessdate=2026-05-23|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201104455/https://unpo.org/article-on-unpo-and-the-uyghurs-in-checks-balances/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Somalia]] 4cvzypq5mzwl7y112pacwefzn5c9udu Jean-Pierre Lihau 0 238868 1582396 1551024 2026-07-30T02:53:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Pierre Lihau''' (amezaliwa 20 Januari 1975 mjini Kinshasa) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy. Kwa sasa anahudumu kama Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma, Uboreshaji wa Utawala na Ubunifu katika Huduma za Umma katika baraza la mawaziri la Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RDC {{!}} Les filles du Professeur Marcel Antoine Lihau, ou Lihau Ebua Libana la Molengo honorent sa mémoire 25 ans après à Kinshasa !|url=https://lintervieweur.cd/2024/04/11/rdc-les-filles-du-professeur-marcel-antoine-lihau-ou-lihau-ebua-libana-la-molengo-honorent-sa-memoire-25-ans-apres-a-kinshasa/|work=L'intervieweur|date=2024-04-11|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr-FR|author=L'intervieweur.cd|archive-date=2026-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413175008/https://lintervieweur.cd/2024/04/11/rdc-les-filles-du-professeur-marcel-antoine-lihau-ou-lihau-ebua-libana-la-molengo-honorent-sa-memoire-25-ans-apres-a-kinshasa/|url-status=dead}}</ref>(serikali ya Lukonde). == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7ddkahwctozhicbkl9ny1zxvx7gd79p Neema Mosha 0 241678 1582400 1577841 2026-07-30T03:52:07Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Neema_R._Mosha.webp|Neema_R._Mosha.webp]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No ticket permission since 29 June 2026. 1582400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Neema Ramadhan Mosha |picha = |maelezo ya pcha = Neema Mosha |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[17 Machi]] [[1990]] |mahala pa kuzaliwa = Tanzania |tarehe ya kufariki = |mahali alipofia = |majina mengine = |anafahamika kwa = Utaalamu wa takwimu za kitabibu |kazi yake = Mtaalamu wa Biostatistiki |nchi = [[Tanzania]] }} '''Neema Ramadhan Mosha''' (alizaliwa Tanzania, [[17 Machi]] [[1990]]) ni [[mtaalamu]] wa [[takwimu]] za kitabibu na wa [[biostatistiki]], NA mtafiti wa [[afya ya umma]] kutoka Tanzania. Ana shahada ya [[uzamivu]] ya [[Epidemiolojia]] akibobea katika Biostatistiki kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Stellenbosch]], [[Afrika Kusini]]. Amefanya kazi katika tafiti za afya ya umma, majaribio ya kitabibu, utafiti wa utekelezaji, na tathmini za miradi ya afya kwa zaidi ya miaka 14. Kwa sasa anafanya kazi kama Mshiriki wa Utafitikatika Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU)<ref>{{ cite web|title= MITU|URL=https://mitu.or.tz/neema-mosha/}}</ref>, Tanzania, na Chuo Kikuu cha Ludwig-Maximilians (LMU), Munich, Ujerumani. Pia ameshiriki kama mshauri wa takwimu kwa taasisi mbalimbali za kimataifa, zikiwemo [[UNICEF]], Benki ya Duni, World Vision, War Child na Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Maeneo yake ya utafiti yanajumuisha [[UKIMWI]] na magonjwa ya zinaa, magonjwa yasiyoambukiza, afya ya akili, lishe, ukatili wa kijinsia, afya ya watoto, afya ya wanawake, mifumo ya afya, pamoja na magonjwa yanayoibuka. == Elimu == Alipata Shahada ya Sayansi katika Takwimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dodoma]] mwaka 2011. Baadaye alipata Shahada ya Uzamili katika Epidemiolojia na Biostatistiki kutoka [[Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo)]] mwaka 2014, ambapo alifanya utafiti kuhusu kiwango cha shinikizo la damu na sababu zinazohusiana nacho kaskazini-magharibi mwa Tanzania. Mwaka 2022 alitunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Epidemiolojia, akibobea katika Biostatistiki, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Stellenbosch]], Afrika Kusini. Tasnifu yake ilichunguza athari za upungufu wa taarifa katika makadirio ya maambukizi na kuenea kwa [[VVU]] katika tafiti za ufuatiliaji wa idadi ya watu. Mbali na utafiti, Mosha amefundisha katika taasisi mbalimbali za elimu ya juu, ikiwemo Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College [[(KCMC)]], Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences [[(CUHAS)]], Ludwig-Maximilians University na London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. == Tuzo == Neema Mosha amepokea tuzo na ufadhili mbalimbali wa kitaaluma kutokana na mafanikio yake katika elimu na utafiti. Mwaka [[2019]], alitambuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa wanawake 100 wa Tanzania wanaotoa mfano kwa kizazi cha vijana kupitia mradi wa '''TanzaniasHeroes2019'''<ref>{{cite web|title = Women in Epidemiology – Neema Mosha » Words That Count|url=https://wordsthatcount.org/women-in-epidemiology-neema-mosha}}</ref>. Utambuzi huo ulitolewa kupitia kitabu kilichochapishwa kwa ushirikiano kati ya [[Launchpad]] na [[Ubalozi]] wa Sweden nchini Tanzania. Mosha ameeleza kuwa moja ya mafanikio yake makubwa ni kukamilisha Shahada ya Uzamivu katika taaluma ya biostatistiki, ambayo kwa kiasi kikubwa imekuwa ikitawaliwa na wanaume. Neema Mosha ametambuliwa kitaaluma kupitia nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi na ushiriki katika mashirika ya kitaaluma. Ni msemaji wa Tanzania katika International Biometrics Society (IBS) na pia ni mshiriki wa MRC Statistics and Epidemiological Partnership (ISEP), mpango unaolenga kujenga uwezo wa wataalamu wa biostatistiki barani Afrika. == Machapisho == Neema Mosha ameandika na kushiriki kuandika machapisho <ref>{{cite web|title= Neema Mosha|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Neema-Mosha}}</ref> mengi ya kisayansi yaliyohakikiwa na wataalamu, hasa katika nyanja za epidemiolojia, biostatistiki na afya ya umma. Baadhi ya machapisho yake ni: * ''Experience of physical violence during pregnancy and its association with behavioral outcomes during the prenatal and postnatal period: a pooled analysis of cross-sectional data from 45 low-income and middle-income (2025)'' * ''Caregiver characteristics and behaviours: quantitative associations with child depression amongst refugees in Uganda. (2025)'' * ''Longitudinal record linkage in sub-Saharan Africa countries: recommendations for healthcare research.(2024)'' * ''Women's informal group participation and intimate partner violence in Mwanza, Tanzania (2024)'' * ''The Association Between Depression, Suicidal Thoughts and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Young Men in Mwanza, Tanzania (2024)'' * ''Exposure to pornographic material and perpetration of intimate partner violence among young men in Mwanza Tanzania.(2024)'' * ''The association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence in young male perpetrators in Mwanza,Tanzania (2023)'' * ''The short and long-term impact of COVID-19 restrictions on women’s mental health in Mwanza, Tanzania (2023)'' == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-Mtanzania}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:wanawake wa Tanzania]] cahsiiy71sum8abmbklj0kckvifhnuo Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Gihembe 0 242084 1582426 1579734 2026-07-30T06:59:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Highlands in Gicumbi, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|300px|Milima ya Wilaya ya Gicumbi nchini Rwanda, eneo lenye miiba na miteremko mikali ambapo kambi ya Gihembe ilijengwa juu yake.]] '''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Gihembe''' ilikuwa kambi kubwa ya wakimbizi iliyopo katika Wilaya ya Gicumbi, Mkoa wa Kaskazini nchini [[Rwanda]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Desemba [[1997]] na shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la [[UNHCR]] kwa ushirikiano na serikali ya Rwanda.<ref name="unhcr_gihembe">{{cite web|title=Rwanda: Gihembe Refugee Camp|url=https://www.unhcr.org/rw/gihembe-refugee-camp|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> Lengo kuu la kuanzishwa kwake lilikuwa kuwapa hifadhi ya dharura maelfu ya wakimbizi wa Kikongo (hasa wa kabila la [[Watutsi]] kutoka jimbo la [[Kivu ya Kaskazini]]) waliokuwa wakikimbia ghasia, vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe, na mateso ya kikabila nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC). == Wakazi na maisha yao == Kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili, Gihembe ilikuwa makazi ya kudumu kwa jamii kubwa ya wakimbizi: * Kambi hii ilihifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Kikongo '''12,000''' hadi '''15,000'''.<ref name="unhcr_gihembe" /> * Kizazi kizima cha watoto kilizaliwa na kukulia ndani ya kambi hii, huku wakipata elimu ya msingi na sekondari kupitia shule zilizojengwa kambini hapo ambazo zilifuata mtaala wa elimu wa Rwanda. == Mazingira na kufungwa kwake == Tofauti na kambi nyingine zinazoendelea kufanya kazi, Gihembe ilikabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za kimazingira zilizopelekea kufungwa kwake rasmi mnamo mwaka [[2021]]:<ref name="relocation_gihembe">{{cite web|title=Rwanda: Relocation of Congolese refugees from Gihembe to Mahama camp|url=https://www.unhcr.org/rw/15291-unhcr-and-government-relocate-congolese-refugees-from-gihembe-to-mahama-camp.html|publisher=UNHCR|date=20 Septemba 2021|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> * '''Mmomonyoko wa udongo:''' Kambi ilijengwa juu ya mlima mwinuko sana. Kwa miaka mingi, ukataji wa miti kwa ajili ya kuni na ujenzi wa nyumba duni ulisababisha mmomonyoko mkubwa wa udongo na mianya mikubwa ya ardhi iliyotishia usalama wa maisha ya wakimbizi na nyumba zao.<ref>{{cite web|title=Landslides threat to Gihembe refugee camp|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/174910/News/inside-the-threat-of-landslides-at-gihembe-refugee-camp|website=The New Times|date=12 Machi 2020|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * '''Uhamisho wa wakazi:''' Serikali ya Rwanda kupitia Wizara ya Usimamizi wa Dharura (MINEMA) kwa ushirikiano na UNHCR iliamua kuifunga kambi hiyo ili kulinda mazingira na kuwahakikishia usalama wakazi wake. Wakimbizi wote walioishi Gihembe walihamishiwa kwa usalama katika [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mahama]] iliyopo Wilaya ya Kirehe, mkoani Mashariki, ambayo ina miundombinu bora na salama zaidi.<ref name="relocation_gihembe" /> == Kuhamia nchi za tatu == Katika kipindi cha kuwepo kwake, mamia ya wakimbizi kutoka kambi ya Gihembe walipata fursa ya kufanyiwa mchakato wa kuhamishiwa katika nchi za tatu zilizoendelea kama vile [[Marekani]], [[Kanada]], na mataifa kadhaa ya [[Ulaya]], ambapo walianza maisha mapya kama raia wa nchi hizo. == Tazama pia == * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mahama]] * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kiziba]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{WFR}} [[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 0dtihits2pejnis15azgda0tco7ld1a Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mahama 0 242085 1582429 1579733 2026-07-30T07:06:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elite Center of Maison Shalom at Mahama refugee camp in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|300px|Kituo cha wakimbizi cha Mahama]] '''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mahama''' ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi nchini [[Rwanda]]. Kambi hii ipo katika Wilaya ya Kirehe, Mkoa wa Mashariki, karibu kabisa na mpaka wa Rwanda na [[Burundi]] uliotenganishwa na [[Mto Kagera]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Aprili [[2015]] na shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la [[UNHCR]] kwa ushirikiano na Serikali ya Rwanda, kupitia Wizara ya Usimamizi wa Dharura (MINEMA).<ref name="unhcr_mahama">{{cite web|title=Rwanda: Mahama Refugee Camp|url=https://www.unhcr.org/rw/mahama-refugee-camp|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> Lengo lake kuu lilikuwa kupokea na kuwahifadhi maelfu ya raia wa Burundi waliokuwa wakikimbia machafuko ya kisiasa na ghasia zilizotokana na uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2015 nchini mwao.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burundian refugees find safe haven in Rwanda’s Mahama camp|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/6/1/burundian-refugees-find-safe-haven-in-rwandas-mahama-camp|website=Al Jazeera|date=1 Juni 2015|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wakazi wa kambi == Tangu kuanzishwa kwake, kambi ya Mahama imekua kwa kasi na kuwa makazi makubwa ya jamii mchanganyiko: * '''Wakimbizi wa Burundi:''' Kambi ilianza kwa kupokea Warundi waliokuwa wakikimbia machafuko, na ndani ya muda mfupi ikawa makazi ya Warundi zaidi ya 50,000. * '''Wakimbizi wa DRC:''' Kuanzia mwaka [[2021]], kambi hii ilianza kupokea wakimbizi wa Kikongo kufuatia kufungwa kwa [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Gihembe]] na kuhamishwa kwa wakazi wake kwa sababu za kimazingira.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rwanda relocates Congolese refugees from Gihembe to Mahama camp|url=https://www.unhcr.org/rw/15291-unhcr-and-government-relocate-congolese-refugees-from-gihembe-to-mahama-camp.html|publisher=UNHCR|date=20 Septemba 2021|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> * Hadi kufikia katikati ya miaka ya 2020, kambi hii inasitiri zaidi ya wakimbizi '''60,000''' kwa ujumla, jambo linaloifanya kuwa kambi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya watu nchini Rwanda.<ref name="unhcr_mahama" /> == Ubora na miundombinu == Kambi ya Mahama inatajwa na mashirika mengi ya kibinadamu kama mfano bora wa usimamizi wa kambi za wakimbizi barani Afrika kutokana na miundombinu yake thabiti:<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahama: A model refugee camp in Rwanda|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/rwandan-camp-shows-how-best-house-refugees-long-term|publisher=UNHCR|date=24 Oktoba 2017|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> * '''Makazi imara:''' Tofauti na kambi nyingi zinazotumia mahema, nyumba za Mahama zimejengwa kwa matofali ya udongo yaliyochomwa na kuezekwa kwa mabati, jambo linalowapa wakazi usalama na faragha. * '''Maji safi:''' Kambi ina mtambo wake maalum wa kusafisha maji uliopo kando ya Mto Kagera, unaozalisha mamilioni ya lita za maji safi kila siku kwa ajili ya wakimbizi na jamii inayowazunguka ya wenyeji wa Rwanda. * '''Elimu mchanganyiko:''' Watoto wa wakimbizi wanasoma pamoja na watoto wa jamii ya wenyeji katika shule kubwa za msingi na sekondari zilizoanzishwa karibu na kambi hiyo, kama vile shule ya Paysannat L. Shule hizi zinafuata mtaala wa Rwanda na zinasaidia kujenga mshikamano mkubwa kati ya wakimbizi na wenyeji. * '''Afya:''' Kuna vituo vya afya vilivyo na vifaa vizuri vinavyotoa huduma za matibabu ya dharura, uzazi, na matibabu ya magonjwa sugu. == Uchumi na kujitegemea == Serikali ya Rwanda na UNHCR zinatekeleza sera ya kujumuisha wakimbizi katika mifumo ya maendeleo. Ndani ya Mahama, wakimbizi wanaruhusiwa kufanya biashara, kuanzisha miradi ya kilimo, na hata kufanya kazi nje ya kambi. Kuna masoko makubwa ndani ya kambi ambapo Warundi, Wakongo, na Wanyarwanda wanafanya biashara pamoja, jambo linalochangia kukuza uchumi wa Wilaya ya Kirehe. == Tazama pia == * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Gihembe]] * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kiziba]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{WFR}} [[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Burundi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Rwanda]] sq6b56992im2qv40f4pwzh2jmo24bmx Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kiziba 0 242156 1582427 1579731 2026-07-30T07:01:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kiziba_refugee_camp.jpg|alt=Watoto watano wamekaa juu ya kilima. Chini yao kuna majengo kadhaa marefu ya ghorofa moja yaliyotawanyika.|thumb|Watoto juu ya kilima katika kambi ya wakimbizi ya Kiziba (2014)]] '''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kiziba''' ni kambi ya wakimbizi iliyopo katika Wilaya ya Karongi, Mkoa wa Magharibi nchini [[Rwanda]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Desemba [[1996]], na kuifanya kuwa kambi kongwe zaidi ya wakimbizi nchini Rwanda ambayo bado inafanya kazi hadi sasa.<ref name="unhcr_kiziba">{{cite web|title=Rwanda: Kiziba Refugee Camp|url=https://www.unhcr.org/rw/kiziba-refugee-camp|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Wizara ya Usimamizi wa Dharura nchini Rwanda (MINEMA) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la [[UNHCR]]. == Chimbuko na wakazi == Kambi ya Kiziba ilianzishwa ili kupokea maelfu ya raia wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC), hasa wale wa kabila la [[Watutsi]] kutoka jimbo la [[Kivu ya Kaskazini]], waliokuwa wakikimbia mapigano na mateso ya kikabila wakati wa [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo]]: * Kambi hii inahifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Kikongo '''15,000'''.<ref name="unhcr_kiziba" /> * Kwa kuwa kambi hii imedumu kwa takriban miongo mitatu, karibu asilimia 70 ya wakazi wake wa sasa ni vijana na watoto waliozaliwa na kukulia ndani ya kambi hiyo bila kuwahi kuiona nchi yao ya asili ya Kongo. == Mazingira yake == Kiziba ipo katika eneo lenye changamoto kubwa za kijiografia: * '''Eneo la milimani:''' Kambi hii imejengwa juu kabisa ya milima mirefu ya Wilaya ya Karongi, karibu na [[Ziwa Kivu]]. Kutokana na urefu wa eneo hilo, baridi huwa ni kali sana wakati wa usiku na nyakati za asubuhi. * '''Mmomonyoko wa udongo:''' Kama ilivyokuwa kwa [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Gihembe]], mteremko mkali wa milima hii unaiweka kambi ya Kiziba katika hatari ya mmomonyoko wa udongo na maporomoko ya ardhi wakati wa msimu wa mvua kubwa. == Jamii na elimu == Licha ya changamoto za kimaisha, kambi hii imefanikiwa kuweka mifumo mizuri ya kijamii: * '''Elimu:''' Watoto wa wakimbizi wanasoma katika shule zilizopo karibu na kambi ambazo zinaendeshwa kwa ushirikiano na serikali ya Rwanda. Hii inawapa fursa ya kusoma masomo ya msingi na sekondari kwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] na kufuata mtaala wa Rwanda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Congolese refugees in Rwanda: Kiziba camp|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/generation-born-exile-rwandas-oldest-refugee-camp|publisher=UNHCR|date=20 Juni 2018|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> * '''Kujiajiri na biashara:''' Wakimbizi wengi ndani ya kambi hujishughulisha na biashara ndogo ndogo, kazi za mikono, na kilimo kidogo ili kuongeza kipato cha familia zao badala ya kutegemea misaada ya chakula pekee. == Usalama na machafuko == Kambi ya Kiziba imewahi kushuhudia migogoro ya kiusalama katika historia yake. Mnamo mwezi Februari [[2018]], kulitokea maandamano makubwa ya wakimbizi kambini hapo wakipinga kupunguzwa kwa ruzuku ya chakula na posho kwa asilimia 25 na shirika la UNHCR.<ref name="hrw_kiziba">{{cite web|title=Rwanda: Protest Deaths in Refugee Camp|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/13/rwanda-protest-deaths-refugee-camp|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=13 Aprili 2018|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Maandamano hayo yalileta mapigano makali kati ya wakimbizi na vikosi vya usalama nchini Rwanda, jambo lililosababisha vifo vya wakimbizi wasiopungua kumi na mmoja na wengine wengi kujeruhiwa, tukio lililoleta masikitiko makubwa kutoka kwa mashirika ya haki za kibinadamu duniani.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rwanda: Police killed Congolese refugees in Kiziba camp|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/02/rwanda-police-must-not-use-excessive-force-against-refugees/|publisher=Amnesty International|date=23 Februari 2018|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mahama]] * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Gihembe]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{WFR}} [[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] m3wgdcw1v3a0lx8v96zvx220iv0hepx Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mae La 0 242157 1582428 1581130 2026-07-30T07:04:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mae La refugee camp2.jpg|thumb|250px|Kambi ya Mae La katika [[Mkoa wa Tak]], Thailand, ni mojawapo ya kambi tisa kubwa za [[UNHCR]] nchini Thailand ambako zaidi ya wakimbizi 700,000, [[Waomba hifadhi|waomba hifadhi]], na watu wasio na uraia wamekimbilia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Refugees|first=United Nations High Commissioner for|title=Thailand|url=https://www.unhcr.org/thailand.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=UNHCR|language=en}}</ref>]] '''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mae La''' ni kambi kubwa ya wakimbizi iliyopo katika Wilaya ya Tha Song Yang, Mkoa wa Tak, magharibi mwa nchi ya [[Uthai]] (Thailand), karibu na mpaka wa [[Myanmar]] (Burma). Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwaka [[1984]] na inatambuliwa kama kambi kubwa zaidi kati ya kambi tisa za wakimbizi zilizopo kando ya mpaka wa Uthai na Myanmar.<ref name="tbc_maela">{{cite web|title=Mae La Camp|url=https://www.theborderconsortium.org/where-we-work/camps-in-thailand/mae-la/|publisher=The Border Consortium|access-date=16 Julai 2026|archive-date=2026-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219065935/https://www.theborderconsortium.org/where-we-work/camps-in-thailand/mae-la/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Kamati ya Wakimbizi ya Karen (KRC) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Uthai pamoja na mashirika mbalimbali ya kibinadamu ya kimataifa. == Chimbuko lake == Mae La ilianzishwa kufuatia mapigano makali kati ya jeshi la serikali ya Myanmar na kikundi cha waasi cha chama cha ''Karen National Union'' (KNU). Machafuko hayo yalilazimisha maelfu ya raia wa kabila la [[Karen]] (pamoja na makabila madogo kama Karenni na Mon) kukimbilia usalama wao nchini Uthai: * Ilianza kama makazi madogo yaliyohifadhi takriban watu 1,100 mnamo mwaka 1984. * Kutokana na mashambulizi ya kijeshi yaliyotokea mara kwa mara mpakani na kufungwa kwa kambi ndogo za jirani, wakimbizi wengi walihamishiwa Mae La na kuifanya ikue kwa kasi sana.<ref name="tbc_maela" /> == Idadi ya wakazi na maisha yao == Kambi ya Mae La imekuwa makazi ya kudumu kwa maelfu ya watu kwa zaidi ya miongo minne sasa: * Kambi hii inasitiri takriban wakimbizi kati ya '''30,000''' hadi '''40,000''', na kuifanya iononekane kama mji mdogo uliojitegemea.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nanuam|first=Wassana|title=Safety first in Karen camp|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/415510/safety-first-in-karen-camp|website=Bangkok Post|date=16 Juni 2014|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> * Zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya wakazi wa kambi hiyo ni wa kabila la Karen, wengi wakiwa ni Wakristo huku wengine wakiwa ni Wabudha na Waislamu. * Nyumba nyingi ndani ya kambi zimejengwa kwa nguzo za mianzi na kuezekwa kwa majani makavu ya migomba au nyasi. Muundo huu unatokana na sheria kali za serikali ya Uthai zinazokataza ujenzi wa majengo ya kudumu ya zege au matofali kwa ajili ya wakimbizi.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bowles|first=Nell|title=Inside the world's longest running refugee camp|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25414603|website=BBC News|date=22 Desemba 2013|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Miundombinu na huduma == Licha ya changamoto za kisheria na kubanwa kwa uhuru wa kwenda nje, Mae La ina miundombinu thabiti ya kijamii iliyoanzishwa na mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs): * '''Elimu:''' Kambi ina mfumo mzuri wa shule kuanzia chekechea, shule za msingi, sekondari, hadi vyuo vya ufundi na vyuo vya Biblia. Kiwango cha elimu cha hapa ni kizuri kiasi cha kuvutia hata vijana kutoka ndani ya Myanmar wanaovuka mpaka kwa siri kuja kusoma Mae La.<ref name="tbc_maela" /> * '''Afya:''' Kuna kliniki kadhaa zinazoendeshwa na mashirika ya kimataifa kama vile ''Première Urgence Internationale'' (PUI) zinazotoa matibabu, huduma za uzazi, na msaada wa kisaikolojia. == Changamoto zake == * '''Uzuiaji wa safari:''' Serikali ya Uthai haijasaini Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Wakimbizi wa mwaka 1951. Kwa sababu hiyo, wakimbizi wa Mae La hawaruhusiwi kisheria kutoka nje ya kambi bila kibali maalum, na wale wanaokiuka sheria hiyo kwenda kutafuta kazi wanakabiliwa na hatari ya kukamatwa na kurudishwa kwao. * '''Utegemezi wa misaada:''' Kupungua kwa ufadhili wa kimataifa kwa miaka mingi kumefanya upatikanaji wa chakula na mahitaji mengine muhimu kuwa wa kusuasua sana. == Kuhamia nchi za tatu == Kati ya mwaka 2005 na 2014, Mae La ilikuwa kitovu kikuu cha mpango wa kimataifa wa kuhamishia wakimbizi katika nchi za tatu. Maelfu ya wakimbizi wa kabila la Karen walipata fursa ya kuhamia nchi kama vile [[Marekani]], [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[New Zealand]], na baadhi ya mataifa ya Ulaya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Refugees from Burma resettlement program|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing/2014/1/52e796e69/resettlement-burmese-refugees-thailand-surpasses-90000.html|publisher=UNHCR|date=28 Januari 2014|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Kambi za wakimbizi]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{WFR}} [[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Uthai]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Myanmar]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Uthai]] nijmkanrz4v4o8wah31e2wqcjhuu363 Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Moria 0 242158 1582430 1579727 2026-07-30T07:08:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Offline Wikipedia in Greece for Syrian Refugee Camp 2017 06.png|thumb|right|Moria mwaka 2017]] [[File:Offline Wikipedia in Greece for Syrian Refugee Camp 2017 01.png|thumb|right|Makazi ya waomba hifadhi]] [[File:Moria-Camp-Lesvos-After Fire-2022--Photo-James O'Leary.jpg|alt=Kambi ya Moria, Lesbos Ugiriki. Majengo ya malazi (Baada ya kufungwa, 2022) Picha - James O'Leary|thumb|Kambi ya Moria, Lesbos Ugiriki. Majengo ya malazi (Baada ya kufungwa, 2022) Picha - James O'Leary]] [[File:Moria-Camp-Lesvos-Entrance-Photo-James O'Leary.jpg|alt=Kambi ya Moria, Lesbos Ugiriki. (Baada ya kufungwa, 2022) Picha - James O'Leary|thumb|Kambi ya Moria, Lesbos Ugiriki. (Baada ya kufungwa, 2022) Picha - James O'Leary]] [[File:Moria-Camp-Lesvos-Room After Fire-2022--Photo-James O'Leary.jpg|alt=Kambi ya Moria, Lesbos Ugiriki. Chumba chenye uharibifu wa moto (Baada ya kufungwa, 2022) Picha - James O'Leary|thumb|Kambi ya Moria, Lesbos Ugiriki. Chumba chenye uharibifu wa moto (Baada ya kufungwa, 2022) Picha - James O'Leary]] '''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Moria''' ilikuwa kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi barani [[Ulaya]]. Kambi hii ilikuwa karibu na kijiji cha Moria kwenye Kisiwa cha [[Lesbos]] nchini [[Ugiriki]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwaka [[2015]] kama kituo cha muda cha usajili na utambuzi wa wahamiaji waliokuwa wakivuka [[Bahari ya Aegean]] kutokea [[Uturuki|Turuki]] kuelekea mataifa ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Howden|first=Daniel|title=The most notorious refugee camp in Europe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/15/inside-moria-refugee-camp-lesbos-greece|website=The Guardian|date=15 Juni 2018|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> Moria ilikuja kufahamika duniani kote kama ishara ya mgogoro mkubwa wa wakimbizi barani Ulaya kutokana na mazingira magumu ya kibinadamu na mrundikano uliopitiliza wa watu. == Chimbuko na mrundikano == Kambi ya Moria ilijengwa ikiwa na uwezo wa kuhifadhi takriban watu '''3,000''' tu kwa wakati mmoja.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moria refugee camp: 'Our lives are like hell'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49845182|website=BBC News|date=27 Septemba 2019|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hata hivyo, kutokana na wimbi kubwa la watu waliokuwa wakikimbia vita na umaskini kutoka [[Syria]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Iraq]], na mataifa mbalimbali ya Afrika: * Kufikia mwaka 2020, kambi hiyo ilikuwa imezidiwa hadi kuhifadhi zaidi ya watu '''20,000'''.<ref name="hrw_moria">{{cite web|title=Greece: Fire At Notorious Moria Refugee Camp|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/09/greece-fire-notorious-moria-refugee-camp|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=9 Septemba 2020|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ongezeko hili lililazimisha kambi kupanuka nje ya uzio wake wa usalama na kutengeneza makazi duni ya vibanda vya plastiki na mbao kwenye mashamba ya mizeituni yaliyozunguka eneo hilo (eneo lililoitwa "Moria Olive Grove"). == Mazingira ya kibinadamu == Hali ya maisha ndani ya Moria ilikosolewa vikali na mashirika ya kutetea haki za kibinadamu kama vile [[Human Rights Watch]] na [[Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka]] (MSF):<ref name="hrw_moria" /> * '''Usafi duni:''' Kulikuwa na uhaba mkubwa wa vyoo na mabafu, ambapo mamia ya watu walilazimika kuchangia choo kimoja, hali iliyosababisha milipuko ya magonjwa mara kwa mara. * '''Chakula na maji:''' Wakimbizi walilazimika kusimama kwenye foleni ndefu kwa saa kadhaa ili kupata milo duni na maji safi ya kunywa. * '''Ulinzi na usalama:''' Ukosefu wa ulinzi wa kutosha ulisababisha ongezeko la vurugu, wizi, na unyanyasaji wa kijinsia dhidi ya wanawake na watoto, hasa nyakati za usiku kutokana na giza totoro. == Moto na kufungwa kwake == Mnamo usiku wa tarehe 8 na 9 Septemba [[2020]], mfululizo wa moto mkubwa ulizuka na kusambaa kwa kasi katika maeneo mbalimbali ya kambi hiyo:<ref>{{cite web|last=Kingsley|first=Patrick|title=Fire Destroys Most of Europe’s Largest Refugee Camp|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/world/europe/greece-lesbos-moria-fire.html|website=The New York Times|date=9 Septemba 2020|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}</ref> * Moto huo uliharibu karibu kambi yote na kuacha zaidi ya wakimbizi 12,000 bila hifadhi yoyote ya dharura. * Serikali ya Ugiriki ilieleza kuwa moto huo ulianzishwa makusudi na baadhi ya wakazi waliokuwa wakipinga amri ya karantini baada ya kugundulika kwa wagonjwa wa [[UVIKO-19]] kambini hapo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Moria: Greek authorities arrest six over refugee camp fire|url=https://www.dw.com/en/moria-greek-authorities-arrest-six-over-refugee-camp-fire/a-54939922|website=Deutsche Welle|date=15 Septemba 2020|access-date=16 Julai 2026}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baada ya maafa hayo, kambi ya Moria ilifungwa kabisa. Wakimbizi walioachwa bila makazi walihamishiwa kwa muda katika kambi mpya ya dharura ya Kara Tepe (iliyojulikana pia kama Moria II), kabla ya kuhamishiwa kwenye vituo bora zaidi au kupelekwa katika nchi nyingine za Ulaya. == Tazama pia == * [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Zaatari]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{WFR}} [[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Ugiriki]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Ugiriki]] epgx4nblwsiebiawqiudkysab26hpfs Mtumiaji:Amanich7/ukurasa wa majaribio 2 242220 1582474 1582321 2026-07-30T11:41:29Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1582474 wikitext text/x-wiki <P><br> <br> == Katika utamaduni == * Ziwa Victoria, fuo zake, na visiwa vinaonyeshwa katika riwaya Ya Jules Verne wiki tano katika puto, ambapo wasafiri huvuka ziwa Kutoka Mashariki hadi kaskazini magharibi kutafuta chanzo cha Mto nile (sura ya 18 na 19). Katika filamu ya majuma matano ya kusisimua katika puto (1962), Profesa Ferguson Na wenzake wanaruka Kupitia Ziwa Victoria katika puto la hewa moto wakati wa msafara kutoka Zanzibar hadi Afrika Magharibi, Hadi Mto Volta.[121] katika riwaya ya kihistoria ya Ivan Yefremov kwenye ukingo wa Oikoumene (Ardhi ya povu), msafara wa Zamani Wa Wamisri ulifika nchi ya Punt (Somalia ya Leo) kwa meli, na kutoka hapo watoto wachanga walifika Mto Zambezi Na Ziwa Victoria (Sehemu Ya 1, "Safari Ya Baurdjed").[122] [123]katika hadithi Ya Ukamilifu Wa Andrei Gusev Huko Mombasa (2017), wahusika wakuu, Andy Na Jennifer, huenda kwenye fungate kutoka Mombasa Hadi Kisumu, kwenye mwambao wa Ziwa Victoria, na kisha kupumzika katika nyumba ya bweni kwenye Kisiwa Cha Kenya Cha Takawiri katikati Ya Ziwa Victoria. kcs0wt9dwdxo332sze9wetnjbw0whmt Johanne Harrelle 0 242265 1582409 1580305 2026-07-30T04:19:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1582409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johanne Harrelle''' (29 Januari 1930 – 4 Agosti 1994) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]], na mwandishi wa [[Kanada]], na mwanamke wa kwanza mweusi kujipatia umaarufu mkubwa katika ulimwengu wa mitindo huko Quebec na nchini Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Collections {{!}} Cinémathèque québécoise|url=https://www.cinematheque.qc.ca/fr/collections/|work=www.cinematheque.qc.ca|accessdate=2026-07-16|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Magazine Madame : Loisirs - culture : Johanne Harrelle, première top-modèle noire au Québec|url=http://www.madame.ca/LOISIRS_CULTURE/personnalites/johanne-harrelle-premiere-top-modele-noire-au-quebec-n2549p1.html|work=www.madame.ca|accessdate=2026-07-16|archive-date=2007-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023152437/http://www.madame.ca/LOISIRS_CULTURE/personnalites/johanne-harrelle-premiere-top-modele-noire-au-quebec-n2549p1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] 93bxkfn6urb92c39pbm59l6okxgham7 Richard Timmons 0 243001 1582358 1582347 2026-07-29T14:00:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1582358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Timmons''' (alizaliwa [[1965]]) ni muuaji wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. Alimuua kikatili mkewe na mwanawe wa miaka saba, kwa kuwakata vichwa kwa shoka, na mwanawe wa kambo wa miaka kumi na tatu kwa kumchoma kisu hadi kufa mnamo [[8 Juni|Juni 8]], [[1997]], katika nyumba yake huko [[Queens]], [[New York (jimbo)|New York]] . Mnamo Machi [[2004]], baada ya kupewa vifungo vitatu vya maisha, Timmons aliishtaki jiji la New York bila mafanikio akidai ukatili wa polisi usiku alipokamatwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=100 People Who Are Screwing Up America. Who? Why?|url=https://philosophistry.com/specials/100-people.html|work=philosophistry.com|accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] bkvzewbjjd50997p6kcj40khfq59gcr Theola Kilgore 0 243003 1582365 1582351 2026-07-29T14:45:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1582365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theola Kilgore''' ([[6 Desemba|Desemba 6]], [[1925]] - [[15 Mei|Mei 15,]] [[2005]]) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[Nyimbo za Kiinjili|nyimbo za injili]] na roho wa [[Marekani]].Alifariki huko [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles,]] [[California]], mwaka wa 2005. <ref name="latimes">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Theola Kilgore, 79; 1960s-Era Rhythm and Blues Performer|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-may-20-me-passings20.2-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2005-05-20|accessdate=2026-07-29|language=en-US|author=L. A. Times Archives}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xQEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Theola+Kilgore%22+2005&pg=PA76|title=Billboard|last=Inc|first=Nielsen Business Media|date=2005-06-04|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 63gktiupo5korce5b9qkhuzu3zoknx1 Seggae 0 243005 1582357 2026-07-29T13:46:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seggae''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] wa mchanganyiko unaounganisha sega, ambao ni muziki wa [[jadi]] wa [[Visiwa]] vya Mascarene, na reggae. Aina hii ya muziki ilianzishwa nchini [[Morisi]] na mwanamuziki Kaya. Baadaye, Seggae ulienea na kupata umaarufu katika kisiwa cha Mascarene . Leo, Seggae ni mojawapo ya aina za muziki zinazopendwa zaidi nchini Mauritius, na unajulikana kwa kuchanganya midundo ya sega na [[ujumbe]] wa kijamii pamoja na mtindo wa reggae. == Asili == Muziki wa Seggae ulianzishwa katikati ya [[miaka]] ya [[1980]] na mwimbaji wa Kirastafari kutoka Mauritius, Joseph Reginald Topize, ambaye alijulikana zaidi kwa jina la Kaya. Jina "Kaya" alilichukua kutoka katika jina la [[wimbo]] wa Bob Marley. Kaya alipigania haki za jamii ya Wakreoli wa Mauritius kupitia muziki wake na shughuli zake za kijamii. Mwaka [[1999]], Kaya alifariki akiwa [[gerezani]], tukio lililosababisha huzuni na mjadala mkubwa nchini Morisi . Kaya ndiye anayetambuliwa kuwa msanii muhimu zaidi na maarufu zaidi wa muziki wa Seggae, na mara nyingi aliitwa "Bob Marley wa Seggae" kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika kuendeleza aina hiyo ya muziki.<ref>https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmaur00tomm</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Morisi]] qq2jy6ifne49a458i3ozykcjwmnf38z Mnara wa kuingiza upepo 0 243006 1582359 2026-07-29T14:14:32Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Edificios en Yazd, Irán, 2016-09-21, DD 17.jpg|thumb|Hifadhi ya maji yenye minara ya kuingiza upepo]] [[Faili:Wind Tower Dubai.jpg|thumb|Mnara wa kuingiza upepo, mwonekano wa nje, Makumbusho ya Dubai]] '''Mnara wa kuingiza upepo''' ni kipengele cha [[jadi]] cha [[usanifu]] wa [[majengo]] kinachotumiwa kuunda mzunguko wa [[hewa]] na kupooza jengo kwa njia ya asili bila kutumia vifaa vinavyotumia [[nishati]]. Minara ya kuingiza [[upepo]] hujengwa kwa miundo mbalimbali, kulingana na hali ya mazingira ya [[eneo]] husika. Muundo wake hutegemea mambo kama vile iwapo upepo unaovuma mara nyingi unatoka upande mmoja, pande mbili au pande nyingi, jinsi mwelekeo wa upepo unavyobadilika kulingana na mwinuko, mabadiliko ya halijoto kati ya [[mchana]] na [[usiku]], kiwango cha unyevunyevu wa hewa, pamoja na kiasi cha vumbi kinachohitaji kuchujwa kabla ya hewa kuingia ndani ya jengo. Licha ya kuitwa "mnara wa kuingiza upepo", mfumo huu unaweza pia kufanya kazi hata pasipo kuwepo upepo, kwa kutumia tofauti za halijoto na shinikizo la hewa ili kuendeleza mzunguko wa hewa na kupunguza joto ndani ya jengo. == Eneo == [[Ujenzi]] wa mnara wa kuingiza upepo hutegemea mwelekeo wa upepo unaovuma mara nyingi katika eneo husika. Ikiwa upepo kwa kawaida huvuma kutoka upande mmoja tu, mnara huo unaweza kujengwa ukiwa na tundu moja la kuingizia hewa pekee, bila kuwa na kuta za ndani zinazogawanya [[nafasi]] . Hali hii huuwezesha kunasa upepo kutoka mwelekeo huo na kuuelekeza moja kwa moja ndani ya jengo. == Mbinu za kupooza == Uingizaji hewa wa usiku ni [[mbinu]] ya kupooza jengo kwa kuongeza mzunguko wa hewa wakati wa usiku, ambapo hewa ya nje huwa na joto la chini kuliko la mchana. Minara ya kuingiza upepo inaweza kusaidia katika mchakato huu kwa kuingiza hewa [[baridi]] ndani ya jengo na kutoa hewa yenye joto nje. Aidha, inaweza kupooza hewa kwa kuipitisha juu ya vitu vyenye ubaridi, kama vile [[maji]] au nyuso zenye halijoto ya chini. Hewa inapopita juu ya vitu hivyo, hupoa kabla ya kuingia ndani ya jengo, na hivyo kusaidia kupunguza joto la ndani kwa njia ya asili.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233982408_Review_of_windcatcher_technologies_Omidreza</ref><ref>https://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2014/WCE2014_pp1294-1297.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6317345C8FB8B405AADE7BA99CD62E8B/S1359135501001312a.pdf/passive_downdraught_evaporative_cooling_principles_and_practice.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Minara]] [[Jamii:Upepo]] [[Jamii:Ujenzi]] opcd61vfkwqfrnag7bv8bzki6htqq9n Andrea Plumlee 0 243007 1582363 2026-07-29T14:37:10Z HNgacheeku 91262 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andrea Plumlee''' ni [[wakili]] na [[jaji]] aliyechaguliwa wa [[mahakama]] ya [[familia]], akiongoza ''330th Family District Court'' katika Kaunti ya [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka [[2010]], alichanguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na kisha kuchaguliwa tena mwaka [[2014]], [[2018]] na [[2022]]. Plumlee alipata shahada ya ''Juris Doctor'' (J.D.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.martindale.com/attorney/ms-andrea-dianne-plumlee-1653921/|titl...' 1582363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea Plumlee''' ni [[wakili]] na [[jaji]] aliyechaguliwa wa [[mahakama]] ya [[familia]], akiongoza ''330th Family District Court'' katika Kaunti ya [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka [[2010]], alichanguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na kisha kuchaguliwa tena mwaka [[2014]], [[2018]] na [[2022]]. Plumlee alipata shahada ya ''Juris Doctor'' (J.D.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.martindale.com/attorney/ms-andrea-dianne-plumlee-1653921/|title=Ms. Andrea Dianne Plumlee Profile|website=Martindale.com|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> katika Shule ya Sheria Dedman mwaka [[1993]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://judgeplumlee.homestead.com/about.html|title=About Us|website=Judgeplumlee.homestead.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Majaji wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Majaji nchi kwa nchi]] pti838bthxyp85rgf3qeejiiirves46 Jamii:Majaji wanawake wa Marekani 14 243008 1582364 2026-07-29T14:38:33Z HNgacheeku 91262 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Majaji nchi kwa nchi]][[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]' 1582364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Majaji nchi kwa nchi]][[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] nfvxp4e8avfr9iysbrk1rjb2nzx3vc9 Tammy Phelps 0 243009 1582366 2026-07-29T15:33:00Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tammy T. Phelps''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana kutoka wilaya ya 3. Alichukua madaraka mnamo [[Januari 13]], [[2020]]. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Captain Shreve, Phelps alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] ya Sayansi katika utawala wa biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Louisiana Tech na Shahada ya Uzamili katika Utawala wa Biashara katika uongozi wa kimkakati kutoka Chuo...' 1582366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tammy T. Phelps''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana kutoka wilaya ya 3. Alichukua madaraka mnamo [[Januari 13]], [[2020]]. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka [[Shule ya Upili]] ya Captain Shreve, Phelps alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] ya Sayansi katika utawala wa biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Louisiana Tech na Shahada ya Uzamili katika Utawala wa Biashara katika uongozi wa kimkakati kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Amberton . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=State Representative Tammy T. Phelps|url=https://house.louisiana.gov/H_Reps/members?ID=3|accessdate=2022-05-01|work=house.louisiana.gov}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] ixfc0dkha7kua7wv0gyj64i0eu09clo Billie Blair 0 243010 1582367 2026-07-29T15:55:22Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Billie Blair''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani wa [[Marekani]]. Blair alizaliwa Arkansas kwa wazazi Hattie na William Blair, na ana asili ya Mwafrika-Amerika. Jina lake alipewa kutokana na uhakika wa baba yake kwamba angekuwa mvulana. Mpango wake ulikuwa kumpa mtoto wake jina William Junior; hata hivyo, Blair alipozaliwa msichana, alipewa toleo fupi la jina hilo, "Billie". Hatimaye walihamia Flint, Michigan wakati wa kilele cha tasnia ya magari huko. <re...' 1582367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Billie Blair''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani wa [[Marekani]]. Blair alizaliwa Arkansas kwa wazazi Hattie na William Blair, na ana asili ya Mwafrika-Amerika. Jina lake alipewa kutokana na uhakika wa baba yake kwamba angekuwa mvulana. Mpango wake ulikuwa kumpa mtoto wake jina William Junior; hata hivyo, Blair alipozaliwa msichana, alipewa toleo fupi la jina hilo, "Billie". Hatimaye walihamia Flint, Michigan wakati wa kilele cha tasnia ya magari huko. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Battle of Versailles: the night American fashion stumbled into the spotlight and made history|last=Givhan|first=Robin|date=2016-01-01|publisher=Flatiron Books|isbn=9781250062321|language=English|oclc=908176012}}</ref>Blair kwa sasa ni [[waziri]] anayeishi [[Defiance, Ohio]] . <ref>Trebay, Guy (2011-01-12). "A Look at African-American Models". ''The New York Times''. ISSN&#x20;0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-03-08.</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] rmqtpifkoz02vsyqwy08tcxkiee9j5u Denise Jones Gregory 0 243011 1582368 2026-07-29T16:04:56Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Denise Jones Gregory''' ni msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama rais wa kumi na nne wa Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Jackson tangu [[2026]]. Gregory ni mzaliwa wa [[Columbus, Mississippi]] . <ref name=":1">"Presidents". ''Clarion-Ledger''. 2025-05-12. pp.&#x20;A4. Retrieved 2026-04-19 &#x2013; via Newspapers.com.</ref> Gregory alipata Shahada ya Kwanza katika Kemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Jackson (JSU), akihitimu shahada ya uzamili y...' 1582368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denise Jones Gregory''' ni msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama rais wa kumi na nne wa Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Jackson tangu [[2026]]. Gregory ni mzaliwa wa [[Columbus, Mississippi]] . <ref name=":1">"Presidents". ''Clarion-Ledger''. 2025-05-12. pp.&#x20;A4. Retrieved 2026-04-19 &#x2013; via Newspapers.com.</ref> Gregory alipata Shahada ya Kwanza katika Kemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Jackson (JSU), akihitimu shahada ya uzamili ya ushairi mnamo [[1994]]. <ref name=":12">"Presidents". ''Clarion-Ledger''. 2025-05-12. pp.&#x20;A4. Retrieved 2026-04-19 &#x2013; via Newspapers.com.</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] l4huy4v5ot2wj1iqp9mn24moj8egtkj Zahra Bentham 0 243012 1582369 2026-07-29T16:11:21Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zahra Bentham''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa kike [[Kanada|kutoka Kanada]] . Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake kama Tamika katika [[filamu]] ya [[2024]] ''ya Village Keeper'', ambayo alipokea uteuzi wa Tuzo ya Canadian Screen kwa Utendaji Bora wa Kusaidia katika Filamu ya Tamthilia katika Tuzo za 13 za Skrini za Kanada mnamo [[2025]]. <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/mediacentre/press-release/2025-canadian-screen-awards-cbc-radio-canada-nominations-by-program "2025 C...' 1582369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zahra Bentham''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa kike [[Kanada|kutoka Kanada]] . Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake kama Tamika katika [[filamu]] ya [[2024]] ''ya Village Keeper'', ambayo alipokea uteuzi wa Tuzo ya Canadian Screen kwa Utendaji Bora wa Kusaidia katika Filamu ya Tamthilia katika Tuzo za 13 za Skrini za Kanada mnamo [[2025]]. <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/mediacentre/press-release/2025-canadian-screen-awards-cbc-radio-canada-nominations-by-program "2025 CANADIAN SCREEN AWARDS CBC/RADIO-CANADA NOMINATIONS BY PROGRAM"]. [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]], March 25, 2025.</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] s5e62jyf46r212h78kmi3e9zqhan747 Deborah Wills 0 243013 1582370 2026-07-29T16:21:11Z Godfavor22 83108 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Deborah Wills''' ( '''Fleming''', alizaliwa tarehe [[10 Juni]] [[1991]]) <ref name="2018gc">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rugby Sevens {{!}} Athlete Profile: Deborah FLEMING - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games|url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/rugby-sevens/athlete-profile-n6030015-deborah-fleming.htm|work=results.gc2018.com|accessdate=15 February 2021}}</ref> ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa miaka saba. Fleming alianza kuichezea Bristol Bears ali...' 1582370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deborah Wills''' ( '''Fleming''', alizaliwa tarehe [[10 Juni]] [[1991]]) <ref name="2018gc">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rugby Sevens {{!}} Athlete Profile: Deborah FLEMING - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games|url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/rugby-sevens/athlete-profile-n6030015-deborah-fleming.htm|work=results.gc2018.com|accessdate=15 February 2021}}</ref> ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] wa [[Uingereza]] wa miaka saba. Fleming alianza kuichezea Bristol Bears alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 21 kabla ya kuhamia Saracens . Alijiunga na [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[wanawake]] ya raga ya wachezaji saba ya Uingereza mwaka wa [[2017]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Deborah Fleming|url=https://teamengland.org/team-england-athletes/deborah-fleming|work=Team England|accessdate=15 February 2021}}</ref>Alishinda [[medali]] ya shaba katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya [[2018]]. <ref name="2018gc2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rugby Sevens {{!}} Athlete Profile: Deborah FLEMING - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games|url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/rugby-sevens/athlete-profile-n6030015-deborah-fleming.htm|work=results.gc2018.com|accessdate=15 February 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] 2ttqaoaz9ejini81vdqk3v3cxi6e2d9 Felicia Robinson 0 243014 1582372 2026-07-29T18:56:13Z HNgacheeku 91262 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Felicia Simone Robinson''' (alizaliwa [[4 Novemba|Novemba]] [[4 Novemba|4]], [[1970]]) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Florida]] kutoka wilaya ya 104 nchini [[Marekani]]. Alichukua [[madaraka]] hayo mnamo [[3 Novemba|Novemba]] [[3 Novemba|3]], [[2020]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Robinson alizaliwa [[Miami Gardens, Florida]] na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya juu ya North Miami Beach mwa...' 1582372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Felicia Simone Robinson''' (alizaliwa [[4 Novemba|Novemba]] [[4 Novemba|4]], [[1970]]) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Florida]] kutoka wilaya ya 104 nchini [[Marekani]]. Alichukua [[madaraka]] hayo mnamo [[3 Novemba|Novemba]] [[3 Novemba|3]], [[2020]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Robinson alizaliwa [[Miami Gardens, Florida]] na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya juu ya North Miami Beach mwaka [[1988]]. Alipata Shahada ya Sayansi katika [[Hisabati|hisabati]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Tuskegee]], [[Uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] katika elimu ya hisabati kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Miami]], na Mtaalam wa Elimu (EdS) katika Uongozi wa Elimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Barry]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FELICIA SIMONE ROBINSON|url=https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=4791&LegislativeTermId=89|work=myfloridahouse.gov}}</ref> ==Kazi== Robinson amefanya kazi katika [[Miami-Dade County Public Schools|Shule ya Umma ya Kaunti ya Miami-Dade]] kwa zaidi ya miaka 25, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mwalimu wa hesabu, mkufunzi wa mbinu za ufundishaji, na makamu mkuu wa shule. Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Jiji la Miami Gardens kuanzia mwaka [[2010]] hadi [[2018]] na kama makamu wa [[Meya|meya]] kuanzia mwaka [[2014]] hadi [[2018]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Questionnaire: Felicia Robinson, candidate for Florida House District 102|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/opinion/commentary/fl-op-com-questionnaire-felicia-robinson-20200708-pa2vmr6su5gqtlact3a7ejkgbm-story.html|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=sun-sentinel.com|date=8 July 2020}}</ref> Robinson alichaguliwa katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Florida na akachukua wadhifa huo mnamo Novemba 3, 2020. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Felicia Simone Robinson|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Felicia_Simone_Robinson|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] 2an9id4l8tb17jyujd8r70estx1d6t8 1582375 1582372 2026-07-29T19:03:29Z HNgacheeku 91262 1582375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Felicia Robinson.jpg|thumb|Felicia Robinson]] '''Felicia Simone Robinson''' (alizaliwa [[4 Novemba|Novemba]] [[4 Novemba|4]], [[1970]]) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Florida]] kutoka wilaya ya 104 nchini [[Marekani]]. Alichukua [[madaraka]] hayo mnamo [[3 Novemba|Novemba]] [[3 Novemba|3]], [[2020]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Robinson alizaliwa [[Miami Gardens, Florida]] na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya juu ya North Miami Beach mwaka [[1988]]. Alipata Shahada ya Sayansi katika [[Hisabati|hisabati]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Tuskegee]], [[Uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] katika elimu ya hisabati kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Miami]], na Mtaalam wa Elimu (EdS) katika Uongozi wa Elimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Barry]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FELICIA SIMONE ROBINSON|url=https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Representatives/details.aspx?MemberId=4791&LegislativeTermId=89|work=myfloridahouse.gov}}</ref> ==Kazi== Robinson amefanya kazi katika [[Miami-Dade County Public Schools|Shule ya Umma ya Kaunti ya Miami-Dade]] kwa zaidi ya miaka 25, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mwalimu wa hesabu, mkufunzi wa mbinu za ufundishaji, na makamu mkuu wa shule. Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Jiji la Miami Gardens kuanzia mwaka [[2010]] hadi [[2018]] na kama makamu wa [[Meya|meya]] kuanzia mwaka [[2014]] hadi [[2018]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Questionnaire: Felicia Robinson, candidate for Florida House District 102|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/opinion/commentary/fl-op-com-questionnaire-felicia-robinson-20200708-pa2vmr6su5gqtlact3a7ejkgbm-story.html|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=sun-sentinel.com|date=8 July 2020}}</ref> Robinson alichaguliwa katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Florida na akachukua wadhifa huo mnamo Novemba 3, 2020. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Felicia Simone Robinson|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Felicia_Simone_Robinson|accessdate=2021-05-06|work=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] nwpraluzhxukdvwzn7ux82rtk6wiwxs Efuru 0 243015 1582373 2026-07-29T18:57:12Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|jina=Efuru|lugha=Kingereza|mchapishaji=[[Heinemann (book publisher)|William Heinemann]]|nchi=[[Nigeria]]|kurasa=Kurasa 281 (toleo la jalada laini)|mwandishi=Flora Nwapa|tarehe ya kutolewa=1966}} '''Efuru''' ni [[riwaya]] iliyoandikwa na Flora Nwapa na kuchapishwa [[mwaka]] [[1966]] ikiwa ni [[kitabu]] cha [[26]] katika mfululizo wa (African Writers Series) wa shirika la uchapishaji la Heinemann. Riwaya hii ilikuwa kitabu cha kwanza kilichoandikwa na [[mwanamke]] kutoka [[Nigeria]], na kwa hakika mwanamke yeyote kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] mwa Jangwa la Sahara, kuchapishwa na kusambazwa kimataifa. Kitabu hiki kinamhusu Efuru, mwanamke wa Igbo anayeishi katika kijiji kidogo cha Afrika [[Magharibi]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Katika simulizi lote, Efuru anatamani kuwa mama, ingawa ni mwanamke mwenye mawazo ya kujitegemea na anayeheshimika katika jamii kutokana na ustadi wake wa [[biashara]]. Riwaya hii inachunguza nafasi ya mwanamke katika [[jamii]], [[ndoa]], uzazi, biashara, na [[mila]] za jamii ya Waigbo. == Muhtasari wa hadithi == [[Hadithi]] hii imewekwa katika jamii ya vijijini ya Waigbo (Igbo) katika Afrika Magharibi wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Mhusika mkuu, Efuru, ni mwanamke mwenye [[nguvu]], mrembo na mwenye kujitegemea. Yeye ni binti wa Nwashike Ogene, shujaa na [[kiongozi]] wa [[kabila]] lake. Efuru anampenda [[mkulima]] maskini aitwaye Adizua, na anaamua kukimbia naye ili wafunge ndoa. Kitendo hicho kinawakasirisha watu wa jamii yake kwa sababu Adizua hakutekeleza taratibu za jadi za ndoa, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[sherehe]] ya kubeba [[divai]] ya mtende na kulipa [[mahari]] ya Efuru, kama ilivyokuwa [[desturi]] katika jamii ya Waigbo.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/flora-nwapa-nigeria-mother-of-modern-african-literature-african-roots-a-53197517/a-53197517</ref><ref>https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3098&context=etd</ref><ref>https://www.enotes.com/topics/flora-nwapa/criticism</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-kitabu}} [[Jamii:Riwaya za Nigeria]] [[Jamii:1966]] [[Jamii:Niger]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] t7gufe8dh1atx2n575it58rlqagq6im Edem Kodjo 0 243016 1582376 2026-07-29T19:20:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Edem Kodjo-Festival international de géographie 2011.jpg|thumb|'''Edem Kodjo''']] '''Édouard Kodjovi''' "Edem" Kodjo ([[23]] [[Mei]] [[1938]] – [[11]] [[Aprili]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Togo]]. Alihudumu kama [[Katibu]] Mkuu wa (Shirika la [[Umoja]] wa Afrika) kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1978]] hadi [[1983]]. Baadaye, baada ya kuanzishwa kwa mfumo wa vyama vingi vya [[siasa]] nchini Togo, alijitokeza kuwa kiongozi mashuhuri wa [[upinzani]]. Kodjo alihudumu kama Waziri Mkuu wa Togo mara [[mbili]]: * Kuanzia [[1994]] hadi [[1996]]. * Tena kuanzia [[2005]] hadi [[2006]]. Pia alikuwa [[Rais]] wa Chama cha Patriotic Pan-African Convergence (CPP). Édouard Kodjo alifariki tarehe 11 Aprili 2020 mjini [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Édouard Kodjovi "Edem" Kodjo alizaliwa tarehe 23 Mei 1938 mjini Sokodé, katika [[Wilaya]] ya Tchaoudjo, [[eneo]] lililokuwa likijulikana wakati huo kama Togo ya Kifaransa. Alipata [[elimu]] yake ya [[sekondari]] katika (West Africa Secondary School) nchini [[Ghana]]. == Kazi == ==== Mwanzo wa kazi ==== Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake nchini Ufaransa, Édouard Kodjo alifanya [[kazi]] kama msimamizi katika (Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française) (ORTF), [[taasisi]] ya [[utangazaji]] ya Ufaransa, kuanzia [[Novemba]] [[1964]] hadi Juni [[1967]]. Baadaye alirejea nchini Togo, ambako mwezi Julai [[1967]] aliteuliwa na Rais Gnassingbé Eyadéma kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa [[Wizara]] ya [[Fedha]]. Uteuzi huu uliashiria mwanzo wa kazi yake muhimu katika utumishi wa [[umma]] na siasa za Togo.<ref>https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/au-revoir-edouard</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130322021114/http://www.diastode.org:80/Echos/invit5629.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120902023414/http://www.diastode.org/Droits/cdd.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181128161201/http://finances.gouv.tg/node/98</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Togo]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] cqs8r386mko4l8f9hfoh7bt0sk6wzwo 1582379 1582376 2026-07-29T19:24:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1582379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Edem Kodjo-Festival international de géographie 2011.jpg|thumb|'''Edem Kodjo''']] '''Édouard Kodjovi''' "Edem" Kodjo ([[23]] [[Mei]] [[1938]] – [[11]] [[Aprili]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Togo]]. Alihudumu kama [[Katibu]] Mkuu wa (Shirika la [[Umoja]] wa Afrika) kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1978]] hadi [[1983]]. Baadaye, baada ya kuanzishwa kwa mfumo wa vyama vingi vya [[siasa]] nchini Togo, alijitokeza kuwa kiongozi mashuhuri wa [[upinzani]]. Kodjo alihudumu kama Waziri Mkuu wa Togo mara [[mbili]]: * Kuanzia [[1994]] hadi [[1996]]. * Tena kuanzia [[2005]] hadi [[2006]]. Pia alikuwa [[Rais]] wa Chama cha Patriotic Pan-African Convergence (CPP). Édouard Kodjo alifariki tarehe 11 Aprili 2020 mjini [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Édouard Kodjovi "Edem" Kodjo alizaliwa tarehe 23 Mei 1938 mjini Sokodé, katika [[Wilaya]] ya Tchaoudjo, [[eneo]] lililokuwa likijulikana wakati huo kama Togo ya Kifaransa. Alipata [[elimu]] yake ya [[sekondari]] katika (West Africa Secondary School) nchini [[Ghana]]. == Kazi == ==== Mwanzo wa kazi ==== Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake nchini Ufaransa, Édouard Kodjo alifanya [[kazi]] kama msimamizi katika ([[Ofisi]] ya [[Utangazaji]] wa [[Redio]] na [[Televisheni]] ya Ufaransa) (ORTF), [[taasisi]] ya [[utangazaji]] ya Ufaransa, kuanzia [[Novemba]] [[1964]] hadi Juni [[1967]]. Baadaye alirejea nchini Togo, ambako mwezi Julai [[1967]] aliteuliwa na Rais Gnassingbé Eyadéma kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa [[Wizara]] ya [[Fedha]]. Uteuzi huu uliashiria mwanzo wa kazi yake muhimu katika utumishi wa [[umma]] na siasa za Togo.<ref>https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/au-revoir-edouard</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130322021114/http://www.diastode.org:80/Echos/invit5629.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120902023414/http://www.diastode.org/Droits/cdd.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181128161201/http://finances.gouv.tg/node/98</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Togo]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] rthuq4llo6unsosp3jb0hagcmo0x3j1 Marguerite P. Justice 0 243017 1582377 2026-07-29T19:20:54Z HNgacheeku 91262 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marguerite P. Justice''' (alizaliwa [[Julai]] [[1921]] - [[Septemba 17]], [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa pili, na mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza, kuhudumu kama kamishna wa polisi nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/afterword/2009/09/marguerite-p-justice-and-the-mysterious-case-of-the-missing-first-name.html|title=Marguerite P. Justice and the Case of the Missing First Name - latimes.com|publisher=Latimesblogs.latime...' 1582377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marguerite P. Justice''' (alizaliwa [[Julai]] [[1921]] - [[Septemba 17]], [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa pili, na mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza, kuhudumu kama kamishna wa polisi nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/afterword/2009/09/marguerite-p-justice-and-the-mysterious-case-of-the-missing-first-name.html|title=Marguerite P. Justice and the Case of the Missing First Name - latimes.com|publisher=Latimesblogs.latimes.com|date=2009-09-25|accessdate=2011-07-15}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Marguerite P. Justice alizaliwa Marguerite P. Lecesne huko [[New Orleans]] mnamo Julai 1921. Alikuwa mtoto wa mwisho kati ya [[watoto]] watatu kutoka kwa wazazi wake, Albert na Louise Lecesne. Alihamia [[Los Angeles]] mnamo mwaka[[1945]] na akapata kazi kama [[Seamstress|mshonaji]]. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1950]] alikua [[Private secretary|katibu binafsi]] wa [[mwigizaji]] [[Linda Darnell]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1954]], Lecesne alipaswa kuolewa na Don Brown ambaye ni mwandishi wa safu ya Pittsburgh Courier, lakini badala yake aliacha kazi yake kwa Linda Darnell ili kuolewa na [[William H. Justice]], ambaye alikuwa amekutana naye kanisani mwaka huo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMADAAAAMBAJ&q=marguerite+lecesne&pg=PA47|title=Jet - Google Books|date=1954-04-15|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|access-date=2011-07-15}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Walizaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[jamii:Polisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 7xtywl66zby0a8ogq3qnfyr200g52wv 1582378 1582377 2026-07-29T19:23:44Z HNgacheeku 91262 1582378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marguerite P. Justice''' (alizaliwa [[Julai]] [[1921]] - [[Septemba 17]], [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa pili, na mwanamke mweusi wa kwanza, kuhudumu kama kamishna wa polisi nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/afterword/2009/09/marguerite-p-justice-and-the-mysterious-case-of-the-missing-first-name.html|title=Marguerite P. Justice and the Case of the Missing First Name - latimes.com|publisher=Latimesblogs.latimes.com|date=2009-09-25|accessdate=2011-07-15}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Marguerite P. Justice alizaliwa Marguerite P. Lecesne huko [[New Orleans]] mnamo Julai 1921. Alikuwa mtoto wa mwisho kati ya [[watoto]] watatu kutoka kwa wazazi wake, Albert na Louise Lecesne. Alihamia [[Los Angeles]] mnamo mwaka[[1945]] na akapata kazi kama [[Ushonaji|mshonaji]]. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1950]] alikua katibu binafsi wa [[mwigizaji]] [[Linda Darnell]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1954]], Lecesne alipaswa kuolewa na Don Brown ambaye ni mwandishi wa safu ya Pittsburgh Courier, lakini badala yake aliacha kazi yake kwa Linda Darnell ili kuolewa na [[William H. Justice]], ambaye alikuwa amekutana naye kanisani mwaka huo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMADAAAAMBAJ&q=marguerite+lecesne&pg=PA47|title=Jet - Google Books|date=1954-04-15|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|access-date=2011-07-15}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[jamii:Polisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] rfn76mmb9ocy4dhnvli59pe9q82k6fb Sharon Henderson 0 243018 1582382 2026-07-29T19:46:14Z HNgacheeku 91262 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sharon L. Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 3]], [[1958]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Gogrial (jimbo)|jimbo la Georgia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Henderson ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|chama cha Democrat]] kwa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia]] wa [[Wilaya ya 113]] tangu mwaka [[2021]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.legis.ga.gov/members/house/5003?session=1029|title=Georgia General Assembly|work=www.legis.ga.gov|accessdate=Jan 12, 2021}}</re...' 1582382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharon L. Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 3]], [[1958]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Gogrial (jimbo)|jimbo la Georgia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Henderson ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|chama cha Democrat]] kwa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia]] wa [[Wilaya ya 113]] tangu mwaka [[2021]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.legis.ga.gov/members/house/5003?session=1029|title=Georgia General Assembly|work=www.legis.ga.gov|accessdate=Jan 12, 2021}}</ref> Mnamo [[Januari]] [[2026]], Henderson alisimamishwa kazi kutoka bungeni na [[Gavana]] [[Brian Kemp]] baada ya kushtakiwa kwa ulaghai unaohusiana na [[Fedha|fedha]] za ukosefu wa ajira katika enzi ya janga la [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://apnews.com/article/sharon-henderson-georgia-unemployment-fraud-kemp-suspend-909a604d3bca7b1380628969494b2f36|title=Georgia governor suspends lawmaker accused of unemployment fraud|publisher=AP News|date=2026-01-22|accessdate=2026-02-18}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [https://ballotpedia.org/Sharon_Henderson Biography] kutoka Ballotpedia [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] kfwclx3f0lcygf2kgxjgyzk8p7ng50p 1582383 1582382 2026-07-29T19:48:55Z HNgacheeku 91262 1582383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharon L. Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 3]], [[1958]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Gogrial (jimbo)|jimbo la Georgia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Henderson ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|chama cha Democrat]] kwa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia]] wa [[Wilaya ya 113]] tangu mwaka [[2021]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.legis.ga.gov/members/house/5003?session=1029|title=Georgia General Assembly|work=www.legis.ga.gov|accessdate=Jan 12, 2021}}</ref> Mnamo [[Januari]] [[2026]], Henderson alisimamishwa kazi kutoka bungeni na [[Gavana]] [[Brian Kemp]] baada ya kushtakiwa kwa ulaghai unaohusiana na [[Fedha|fedha]] za ukosefu wa ajira katika enzi ya janga la [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://apnews.com/article/sharon-henderson-georgia-unemployment-fraud-kemp-suspend-909a604d3bca7b1380628969494b2f36|title=Georgia governor suspends lawmaker accused of unemployment fraud|publisher=AP News|date=2026-01-22|accessdate=2026-02-18}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [https://ballotpedia.org/Sharon_Henderson Wasifu] kutoka Ballotpedia [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nc59eh32wk9de6xgxkuuiq26a5cxdsv 1582384 1582383 2026-07-29T19:51:59Z HNgacheeku 91262 1582384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Member of the Georgia House of Representatives Sharon L. Henderson.jpg|thumb|Mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia kutoka wilaya ya 113]] '''Sharon L. Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 3]], [[1958]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Gogrial (jimbo)|jimbo la Georgia]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Henderson ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Democrat|chama cha Democrat]] kwa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia]] wa [[Wilaya ya 113]] tangu mwaka [[2021]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.legis.ga.gov/members/house/5003?session=1029|title=Georgia General Assembly|work=www.legis.ga.gov|accessdate=Jan 12, 2021}}</ref> Mnamo [[Januari]] [[2026]], Henderson alisimamishwa kazi kutoka bungeni na [[Gavana]] [[Brian Kemp]] baada ya kushtakiwa kwa ulaghai unaohusiana na [[Fedha|fedha]] za ukosefu wa ajira katika enzi ya janga la [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://apnews.com/article/sharon-henderson-georgia-unemployment-fraud-kemp-suspend-909a604d3bca7b1380628969494b2f36|title=Georgia governor suspends lawmaker accused of unemployment fraud|publisher=AP News|date=2026-01-22|accessdate=2026-02-18}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [https://ballotpedia.org/Sharon_Henderson Wasifu] kutoka Ballotpedia [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nd4ckd3ybixryh6y72pep3sgbbrq4b4 Mtumiaji:Jayda shined 2 243019 1582392 2026-07-30T00:47:58Z Jayda shined 91271 /* */ 1582392 wikitext text/x-wiki 03:464 •DIl LTE 784) へ Posts jaydan_shined_tz jaydan_shined_tz A The Second Voice • LET ME BE = J▶ Spotify 老 @ 102 • View insights Boost post Q Liked by taarifa_africa_tv and others 5 April taarifa_africa_tv and jaydan_shined_tz • The Mafik • Tunaanza Na Munau 9v9yxc9oue34clj2alkntqxqzeogpoh Shymkent 0 243020 1582401 2026-07-30T03:54:45Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Shymkent |jina_lingine = {{lang-kk|Шымкент}} |aina_ya_makazi = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |picha_ya_makazi = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Mwonekano wa sehemu ya kati ya Shymkent |picha_ya_bendera = Shymkent flag.svg |ukubwa_ya_bendera = 100px |picha_ya_nembo = Shymkent logo.svg |ukubwa_ya_nembo = 90px |picha_y...' 1582401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Shymkent |jina_lingine = {{lang-kk|Шымкент}} |aina_ya_makazi = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |picha_ya_makazi = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Mwonekano wa sehemu ya kati ya Shymkent |picha_ya_bendera = Shymkent flag.svg |ukubwa_ya_bendera = 100px |picha_ya_nembo = Shymkent logo.svg |ukubwa_ya_nembo = 90px |picha_ya_ramani = Shymkent in Kazakhstan.svg |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mahali pa Shymkent nchini Kazakhstan |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Kazakhstan]] |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = Hadhi |jina_la_serikali1 = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Mgawanyo wa ndani |jina_la_serikali2 = Wilaya 5 za kiutawala |aina_ya_serikali = Utawala wa jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Akim |jina_la_kiongozi = Gabit Syzdykbekov |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="akimat">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru |title=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Jukwaa la pamoja la rasilimali za mtandao za taasisi za serikali za Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |established_title = Kutajwa kwa mara ya kwanza |established_date = Karne ya 15 (kuhusiana na matukio ya 1365–1366) |established_title2 = Majina ya zamani |established_date2 = Chimkent; Chernyaev (1914–1924) |area_total_km2 = 1163 |marejeleo_ya_eneo = <ref name="development">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru |title=Mpango wa maendeleo wa jiji la Shymkent wa miaka 2021–2025 |date=2023-12-21 |publisher=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1308120 |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 1 Juni 2026 |marejeo_ya_wakazi = <ref name="population2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan tarehe 1 Juni 2026 |date=2026-07-01 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 1125 |kanda_muda = [[UTC+05:00|UTC+5]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +5 |msimbo_posta = 160000 |kodi_ya_simu = +7 7252 |blank_name = Msimbo wa magari |blank_info = 17 |blank1_name = Msimbo wa KATO |blank1_info = 511010000 |blank2_name = Eneo la mji mkuu |blank2_info = [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] |tovuti = [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi] |majiranukta = {{coord|42|19|0|N|69|36|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}} }} '''Shymkent''' ({{lang-kk|Шымкент}}; hadi mwaka 1992 tahajia rasmi iliyotumiwa katika lugha ya Kirusi ilikuwa '''Chimkent''') ni jiji lililoko kusini mwa [[Kazakhstan]]. Ni mojawapo ya majiji matatu yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini humo, pamoja na [[Astana]] na [[Almaty]]. Shymkent ni kitengo huru cha kiutawala na kimaeneo na si sehemu ya Mkoa wa Turkestan unaolizunguka. Jiji lilipewa hadhi ya kitaifa tarehe 19 Juni 2018.<ref name="decree2018">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan |title=Kuhusu baadhi ya masuala ya mpangilio wa kiutawala na kimaeneo wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=2018-06-19 |publisher=Tovuti rasmi ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 1 Juni 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,308,120 na ilikuwa jiji la tatu kwa idadi ya watu nchini Kazakhstan, baada ya Almaty na Astana.<ref name="population2026"/> Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa zaidi vya viwanda, biashara, usafiri, elimu na utamaduni kusini mwa nchi. Uchumi wake unategemea hasa viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara, ujenzi, usafiri na huduma; usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na utengenezaji wa vifaa vya ujenzi pia vina umuhimu mkubwa.<ref name="stat2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: muhtasari wa maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Utafiti wa kiakiolojia katika makazi ya kale yaliyoko kwenye kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji umebaini matabaka ya kitamaduni yenye unene wa jumla wa hadi mita 14. Vyombo vya udongo kutoka tabaka za chini vinaanzia mwishoni mwa karne ya 3 hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 2 KK. Kwa msingi huo, umri wa makazi ya mjini unakadiriwa kuwa angalau miaka 2,200.<ref name="archaeology">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru |title=Makazi ya kale ya Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Hata hivyo, tarehe ya kiakiolojia ya makazi hayo si sawa na tarehe ya kutajwa kwa jina lake kwa mara ya kwanza katika maandishi. Jina hilo linajulikana kupitia kitabu cha ''[[Zafarnama|Zafar-name]]'' cha Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi, kilichoandikwa katika karne ya 15 na kuelezea matukio ya miaka 1365–1366.<ref name="zafar">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru |title=Sababu saba za kutembelea Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jina == Maelezo yaliyoenea zaidi yanaunganisha jina la jiji na vipashio ''chim'' au ''shym'', vyenye maana ya “udongo wenye nyasi”, “nyasi”, “mbuga” au “eneo la kijani”, na ''kent'', lenye maana ya “jiji” au “makazi”. Kwa ufafanuzi huo, jina linaweza kumaanisha “jiji la kijani”, “jiji lililo katikati ya mbuga” au “jiji linalochanua”. Kiambishi ''-kent'', kinachotokana na utamaduni wa kale wa Kiirani wa kutaja maeneo, kinapatikana katika majina mengi ya makazi ya [[Asia ya Kati]], yakiwemo [[Tashkent]], Zharkent na Mankent.<ref name="investintro">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: taarifa za jumla |publisher=Kampuni ya Taifa ya Kazakh Invest |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika vyanzo vya Kirusi vya karne ya 19 na ya 20, tahajia '''Chimkent''' ndiyo iliyotumika. Mwaka 1914 jiji lilibadilishwa jina kuwa '''Chernyaev''' kwa heshima ya jenerali Mikhail Chernyaev, aliyeongoza wanajeshi wa Urusi wakati wa kuliteka jiji mwaka 1864. Jina la awali lilirejeshwa mwaka 1924. Kwa azimio la Urais wa Baraza Kuu la Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan la tarehe 8 Septemba 1992, unukuzi wa Kirusi wa jina hilo ulisanifishwa kuwa '''Shymkent'''.<ref name="rename1992">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ |title=Kuhusu kubadilisha majina na kusanifisha unukuzi wa Kirusi wa majina ya baadhi ya vitengo vya kiutawala na kimaeneo vya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=1992-09-08 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Historia == === Zama za kale na Enzi za Kati === Eneo la Shymkent ya sasa limekaliwa tangu nyakati za kale sana. Makazi ya kale yako katika kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji na yana ukubwa wa takriban hekta 4.5. Uchimbaji uliofanywa, pamoja na wataalamu wa Taasisi ya Akiolojia ya A. H. Margulan na Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov, ulibaini mfululizo wa matabaka ya kitamaduni ya zama za kale, Enzi za Kati za awali na Enzi za Kati za baadaye.<ref name="archaeology"/> Ukuaji wa makazi hayo ulihusishwa na mahali pake katika eneo la vilima vya chini vya [[Tian Shan]] ya Magharibi, kwenye njia zilizounganisha bonde la Syr Darya, oasisi za Mawarannahr na maeneo ya nyika ya Kazakhstan. Karibu na hapo kulikuwa na Sayram, iliyojulikana kwa waandishi wa Enzi za Kati kama Ispidjab na iliyokuwa kituo kikubwa kwenye njia za Njia ya Hariri. Jina la Shymkent limetajwa katika ''Zafar-name'' ya Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi katika maelezo ya matukio ya miaka 1365–1366. Katika vipindi tofauti, jiji na mazingira yake yalikuwa chini ya ushawishi wa dola mbalimbali za Asia ya Kati, zikiwemo milki za Watimuri na Khanati ya Kazakh. Katika karne ya 17 na ya 18, eneo hilo liliathiriwa na vita kati ya Wakazakhi na Wadzungar; mwishoni mwa karne ya 18 na katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne ya 19, Khanati ya Kokand na Emirati ya Bukhara zilishindania majiji ya Kazakhstan Kusini. === Khanati ya Kokand na Dola la Urusi === Mwanzoni mwa karne ya 19, Shymkent iliingizwa katika Khanati ya Kokand. Karibu mwaka 1810, jiji liligeuzwa kuwa kituo cha kijeshi na kiutawala kilichoimarishwa. Ngome yake ilikuwa kwenye sehemu iliyoinuka katikati ya makazi na ilidhibiti barabara kati ya Tashkent, Turkestan na maeneo ya vilima vya chini. Mnamo Septemba 1864, Chimkent ilitekwa na jeshi la Urusi. Baadaye jiji likawa makao ya wilaya katika Mkoa wa Syr Darya wa [[Gavana-Jenerali wa Turkestan]].<ref name="history1864">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf |title=Watafiti wa Urusi kuhusu jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov |format=PDF |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Urusi, uchumi wa jiji ulitegemea biashara, ufundi na usindikaji wa malighafi za kilimo. Katika miaka ya 1880, kiwanda cha kutengeneza santonini kutokana na mmea wa ''Artemisia cina'' kilianzishwa; kiwanda hicho kilikuwa mtangulizi wa tasnia ya kisasa ya dawa ya Shymkent. Ujenzi wa reli mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 uliimarisha umuhimu wa jiji kama kituo cha biashara na usafiri. === Kipindi cha Kisovyeti === Baada ya kuanzishwa kwa utawala wa Kisovyeti, jiji liliingia kwa nyakati tofauti katika Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa ya Kiturkestan, Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa inayojiendesha ya Kazakh na Jamhuri ya Kijamaa ya Kisovyeti ya Kikazakhi. Mwaka 1924, jiji la Chernyaev lilirudishiwa jina Chimkent. Mwaka 1932 likawa kituo cha kiutawala cha Mkoa mpya wa Kazakhstan Kusini.<ref name="museumhistory">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 |title=Historia ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini tangu mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 |publisher=Makumbusho ya Historia na Maarifa ya Eneo ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika kipindi cha ujenzi wa viwanda, viwanda vya metali zisizo na chuma, kemikali na dawa, mafuta na vyakula, nguo na mavazi vilijengwa au kupanuliwa mjini. Kiwanda cha risasi cha Chimkent na kiwanda cha kemikali na dawa vilikuwa miongoni mwa viwanda vikubwa zaidi. Wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Uzalendo, viwanda na taasisi kutoka maeneo ya magharibi ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti zilihamishiwa Chimkent; jiji likawa mojawapo ya vituo vya viwanda vya sehemu ya nyuma ya mstari wa mbele. Katika miongo ya baada ya vita, idadi ya watu na eneo la Chimkent vilikua kwa kasi. Maeneo mapya ya makazi, viwanda vya utengenezaji wa mashine na vifaa vya ujenzi, pamoja na taasisi za elimu na afya vilijengwa. Katika miaka ya 1980, Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent kilianza kufanya kazi. === Kazakhstan huru === Baada ya Kazakhstan kutangaza uhuru, Shymkent iliendelea kuwa kituo kikubwa zaidi cha uchumi kusini mwa nchi. Mwaka 1992, tahajia rasmi ya Kirusi ya jina la jiji ilibadilishwa kutoka Chimkent kuwa Shymkent.<ref name="rename1992"/> Mwaka 2014, mipaka ya kiutawala ya jiji ilipanuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuingiza ardhi na makazi kutoka wilaya jirani. Mwaka huohuo, wilaya ya nne ya jiji iliundwa na baadaye ikapewa jina la Karatau.<ref name="district2014">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya ya nne na kuwekwa kwa mipaka ya wilaya za jiji la Shymkent |date=2014-10-07 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Juni 2018, Shymkent iliwekwa katika kundi la majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa. Makao ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini yalihamishwa hadi [[Turkestan]], na mkoa huo ukaitwa Mkoa wa Turkestan.<ref name="decree2018"/> Mwaka 2022, wilaya ya tano ya kiutawala, Turan, iliundwa.<ref name="turan2022">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya mpya katika jiji la Shymkent na kuipa jina “Turan” |date=2022-08-12 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jiografia == === Mahali === Shymkent iko kusini mwa Kazakhstan, kwenye tambarare ya vilima vya chini vya sehemu ya magharibi ya Tian Shan, karibu kiasi na mpaka wa [[Uzbekistan]]. Jiji liko kwenye njia ya kihistoria na ya kisasa ya usafiri inayounganisha Tashkent, Turkestan, Taraz na Almaty. Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa hekta 116,300, sawa na km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Mito mikuu ni Badam na Koshkarata pamoja na tawi lake la Karasu. Jiji lina mifereji tisa yenye urefu wa jumla wa takriban km 91, ikiwemo Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu na Koshkarata. Eneo la mfuko wa misitu wa serikali na ukanda wa kijani lina ukubwa wa hekta 5,332.7.<ref name="development"/> === Hali ya hewa === Shymkent ina hali ya hewa ya bara, yenye majira ya joto marefu na yenye joto kali pamoja na majira ya baridi ambayo ni laini kwa kulinganisha na sehemu nyingi za Kazakhstan. Mvua nyingi kwa kawaida hunyesha katika nusu baridi ya mwaka na wakati wa masika, ilhali majira ya joto huwa makavu kwa kiasi kikubwa. Viwango vya hali ya hewa vya jiji huhesabiwa na Kazhydromet kwa kipindi cha miaka 1991–2020.<ref name="climate">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent |title=Tabia za hali ya hewa za Shymkent |publisher=Kazhydromet |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Mgawanyo wa kiutawala == Shymkent imegawanywa katika wilaya tano za kiutawala: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau na Turan.<ref name="akimat"/> Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hizo ilikuwa kama ifuatavyo:<ref name="ethnos2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan kwa makundi mahususi ya kikabila mwanzoni mwa 2026, karatasi “Jiji la Shymkent” |date=2026-03-27 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Wilaya ! Wakazi mwanzoni mwa 2026 |- | Abay | 259,325 |- | Al-Farabi | 262,566 |- | Enbekshi | 206,679 |- | Karatau | 334,139 |- | Turan | 231,341 |} Mkuu wa mamlaka ya utendaji ya jiji huitwa akim. Gabit Abdimazhitovich Syzdykbekov ndiye akim wa Shymkent.<ref name="akimat"/> == Wakazi == Mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,294,050; kufikia tarehe 1 Juni 2026 idadi hiyo ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1,308,120.<ref name="ethnos2026"/><ref name="population2026"/> Kwa eneo la km² 1,163, msongamano wa watu ulikuwa takriban wakazi 1,125 kwa km². Kuanzia Januari hadi Mei 2026, ongezeko la asili lilikuwa watu 8,287: watoto 10,261 walizaliwa na watu 1,974 walifariki. Salio la uhamiaji lilikuwa chanya kwa watu 5,783, wakiwemo 5,687 waliotokana na uhamiaji wa ndani.<ref name="stat2026"/> === Makundi ya kikabila === Shymkent ni jiji la makabila mengi. Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, makundi makubwa zaidi ya kikabila yalikuwa:<ref name="ethnos2026"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Kundi la kikabila ! Idadi ya watu ! Asilimia |- | Wakazakhi | 929,724 | 71.85 |- | Wauzbeki | 203,098 | 15.69 |- | Warusi | 74,404 | 5.75 |- | Waazeri | 23,814 | 1.84 |- | Watatari | 11,346 | 0.88 |- | Wengine | 51,664 | 3.99 |} Lugha ya taifa ni [[Kikazakhi]]. Katika taasisi za serikali na vyombo vya serikali za mitaa, [[Kirusi]] hutumiwa rasmi sambamba na Kikazakhi kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kazakhstan. [[Kiuzbeki]] pia hutumiwa katika maisha ya kila siku na sehemu kubwa ya wakazi. == Uchumi == Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa vya viwanda na biashara nchini Kazakhstan. Viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara ya jumla na rejareja, ujenzi, usafiri, uhifadhi na huduma nyingine vina nafasi muhimu katika muundo wa uchumi wake. Kuanzia Januari hadi Machi 2026, pato la jumla la kieneo lilikuwa trilioni 1.352 za tenge; ukuaji halisi ikilinganishwa na kipindi kama hicho cha mwaka 2025 ulikuwa asilimia 8.9. Huduma zilichangia asilimia 61.6 ya pato hilo na uzalishaji wa bidhaa asilimia 30.1.<ref name="stat2026"/> Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, thamani ya uzalishaji wa viwandani ilikuwa bilioni 817.46 za tenge, ikiwa ongezeko la asilimia 11 kwa mwaka. Uzalishaji katika viwanda vya uzalishaji uliongezeka kwa asilimia 9.6. Thamani ya kazi za ujenzi ilifikia bilioni 136.26 za tenge, na eneo la nyumba mpya zilizokamilishwa lilikuwa m² 558,600. Mauzo ya rejareja yalifikia bilioni 628.47 za tenge. Uwekezaji katika rasilimali za kudumu ulikuwa bilioni 308.38 za tenge.<ref name="stat2026"/> Sekta za jadi ni pamoja na usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na vinywaji, nguo na mavazi, utengenezaji wa mashine, metali na vifaa vya ujenzi. Jiji lina Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent, viwanda vya dawa, pamoja na viwanda vya saruji, chakula na bidhaa za viwanda vyepesi. Eneo Maalumu la Kiuchumi la “Ontustik”, maeneo ya viwanda na miundombinu ya usafiri na lojistiki vinaendelea kuendelezwa. Tarehe 1 Julai 2026, vyombo 29,410 vya kisheria vilikuwa vimesajiliwa Shymkent, na 24,907 kati yake vilikuwa vikifanya kazi; idadi kubwa sana ya vyombo hai viliainishwa kuwa biashara ndogo.<ref name="stat2026"/> == Usafiri == Shymkent ni kitovu kikubwa cha usafiri kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Barabara za kimataifa na baina ya mikoa za Tashkent–Shymkent–Taraz–Almaty na Tashkent–Shymkent–Turkestan–Samara hupitia mjini au karibu sana na jiji. Reli kuu inayounganisha Tashkent, Arys, Taraz na Almaty pia hupitia eneo hilo.<ref name="development"/> === Usafiri wa mjini === Mabasi ndiyo msingi wa usafiri wa umma. Kupanuliwa kwa eneo la jiji baada ya mwaka 2014 kulisababisha maendeleo ya mtandao wa barabara kuu za mjini na miunganisho ya usafiri na maeneo mapya ya makazi. Nauli hulipwa kwa njia za kielektroniki na kadi za usafiri. === Reli === Kituo cha reli cha Shymkent huhudumia treni za abiria na mizigo kwenye njia ya Tashkent–Arys–Taraz–Almaty. Magharibi mwa jiji kuna kituo kikubwa cha makutano cha Arys I, kinachounganisha njia za kuelekea Turkestan, [[Kyzylorda]] na maeneo ya kaskazini ya Kazakhstan. === Usafiri wa anga === Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Shymkent huhudumia safari za ndani na za kimataifa na ni kituo kikuu cha shirika la ndege la SCAT Airlines. Terminali mpya ya abiria ilifunguliwa tarehe 25 Desemba 2024. Ina eneo la m² 40,000, na uwezo uliokadiriwa wa uwanja wa ndege uliongezeka kutoka abiria 800,000 hadi milioni 6 kwa mwaka baada ya jengo hilo kuanza kutumika.<ref name="airporthub">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru |title=Viwanja vya ndege vya Astana, Almaty, Shymkent na Aktobe vitakuwa vituo vya kimataifa vya usafiri wa njia mbalimbali |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Mwaka 2025, safari za moja kwa moja za kimataifa zilifunguliwa kutoka Shymkent kwenda majiji kadhaa ya Ulaya, Asia ya Mashariki na Mashariki ya Kati. Mipango ya maendeleo ya uwanja wa ndege inajumuisha ujenzi wa njia mpya ya kurukia na kutua yenye urefu wa km 3.5 na kuanzishwa kwa kitovu cha usafiri na lojistiki cha aina mbalimbali.<ref name="airroutes">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru |title=Kitovu kipya cha anga: safari za moja kwa moja kutoka Shymkent kwenda Ulaya na Asia zimefunguliwa |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref><ref name="airporthub"/> == Elimu na sayansi == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha elimu kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina taasisi za elimu ya awali, elimu ya msingi na sekondari, elimu ya ufundi na kitaaluma, elimu ya juu na elimu ya baada ya shahada. Takwimu rasmi za eneo huchapisha viashiria tofauti kuhusu idadi ya vyuo vikuu, wanafunzi, wanafunzi wa uzamili na udaktari, wahadhiri na taasisi zinazofanya utafiti na maendeleo.<ref name="educationstats">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ |title=Mfululizo wa takwimu: elimu, sayansi na ubunifu katika jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vyuo vikuu vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na: * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov]], chuo kikuu cha fani nyingi chenye hadhi ya chuo cha utafiti;<ref name="auezov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Mukhtar Auezov |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * [[Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini]], inayofundisha wataalamu wa tiba na famasia;<ref name="skma">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://skma.edu.kz/ |title=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |publisher=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov]], kinachobobea katika mafunzo ya walimu.<ref name="zhanibekov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov |publisher=Zhanibekov University |language=kk |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Pia kuna Chuo Kikuu cha Shymkent, Chuo Kikuu cha Miras, Chuo Kikuu Bunifu cha Asia ya Kati na taasisi nyingine za elimu ya juu. Mwaka 2026, maandalizi ya mradi wa kuanzisha Chuo Kikuu tofauti cha Utamaduni na Sanaa kwa msingi wa kitivo husika cha Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov yaliendelea.<ref name="cultureuni">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utamaduni na Sanaa na Ukumbi mpya wa Opera na Baleti: miradi miwili mikubwa itatekelezwa Shymkent |publisher=Wizara ya Utamaduni na Habari ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Afya == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha huduma za afya kwa maeneo ya kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina hospitali na kliniki za fani nyingi, vituo vya uzazi, uchunguzi, moyo, saratani na magonjwa ya kuambukiza, vituo vya huduma za dharura, kliniki binafsi na maabara za tiba. Elimu ya tiba na utaalamu wa famasia wa jiji vinahusishwa na Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini na viwanda vya dawa. == Utamaduni == Jiji lina vikundi vya maigizo vya Kikazakhi, Kirusi na Kiuzbeki, makumbusho, maktaba, mashirika ya matamasha, maeneo ya maonyesho, sarakasi na vyama vya ubunifu. Majumba makuu ya tamthilia ni Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kitaaluma wa Kikazakhi wa Zhumat Shanin, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kirusi, Ukumbi wa Opera na Baleti, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kiuzbeki na ukumbi wa jiji wa vikaragosi na watazamaji vijana. Mtandao wa makumbusho unajumuisha makusanyo ya historia ya eneo na sanaa, Makumbusho ya Waathiriwa wa Ukandamizaji wa Kisiasa, Makumbusho ya Mila na Desturi, pamoja na maonyesho ya kituo cha kihistoria na kiutamaduni cha “Shymqala”. Mwaka 2020, Shymkent ilishiriki katika mpango baina ya nchi wa “Miji Mikuu ya Utamaduni ya Jumuiya ya Madola” kama mji mkuu wa utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru. Mwaka huohuo, kumbukumbu ya miaka 2,200 ya jiji iliadhimishwa na kujumuishwa katika kalenda ya maadhimisho ya [[UNESCO]].<ref name="cisculture">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ |title=Shymkent yazindua mpango “Mji Mkuu wa Utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola – 2020” |date=2020-06-20 |publisher=Mfuko wa Ushirikiano wa Kibinadamu wa Nchi Wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Vivutio na utalii == Kivutio kikuu cha kihistoria cha jiji ni kituo cha “Shymqala”, kilichoanzishwa katika eneo la makazi ya kale na ngome ya zamani ya Kokand. Kinajumuisha maeneo ya kiakiolojia, sehemu za ulinzi zilizojengwa upya, maeneo ya makumbusho na majukwaa ya kutazamia mandhari.<ref name="archaeology"/> Vivutio na maeneo ya umma yanayojulikana ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Ordabasy, mnara wa “Zher-Ana”, Hifadhi ya Uhuru, mnara wa Baidibek-bi, Hifadhi ya Abay, Bustani ya Miti ya Asanbay Askarov, Bustani ya Wanyama ya Shymkent, Arbat, chemchemi na njia ya matembezi kando ya Koshkarata, misikiti, makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi na majengo ya kihistoria yaliyohifadhiwa. Shymkent ni mahali pa kuanzia safari kwenda Sayram, Mbuga ya Taifa ya Sayram-Ugam, Hifadhi ya Asili ya Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkestan, Otrar na maeneo mengine ya asili, historia na utamaduni kusini mwa Kazakhstan. == Usanifu na mipango miji == Muundo wa jiji unachanganya kituo cha kihistoria kinachozunguka ngome na mitaa ya zamani ya biashara, maeneo ya makazi ya kipindi cha Kisovyeti na vitongoji vipya vya majengo ya ghorofa nyingi. Baada ya kupanuliwa kwa mipaka ya kiutawala mwaka 2014, sehemu kubwa ya ujenzi wa nyumba na miundombinu ilihamia kaskazini, magharibi na kaskazini-magharibi mwa jiji. Maeneo ya makazi na biashara ya Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay na mengine yanaendelea kuendelezwa. Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, m² 558,600 za nyumba mpya zilikamilishwa mjini, zikiwemo m² 445,000 katika majengo ya ghorofa yenye nyumba nyingi.<ref name="stat2026"/> Maendeleo ya mipango miji yanaambatana na ujenzi wa barabara mpya, mitandao ya huduma za uhandisi, shule, vituo vya afya na majengo ya utamaduni. == Michezo == Michezo iliyoendelea vizuri Shymkent ni pamoja na kandanda, ndondi, mieleka, kunyanyua uzani, mazoezi ya viungo, tenisi, kuogelea na mbio za baiskeli. Klabu kuu ya kandanda ya wanaume ni FC Ordabasy, iliyoshinda ubingwa wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2023.<ref name="ordabasy2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ |title=Ordabasy yashinda ubingwa wa kandanda wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza |date=2023-10-23 |publisher=Orda.kz |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Klabu ya wanawake ya BIIK Shymkent imeshinda ubingwa wa nchi mara kadhaa na kushiriki mashindano ya vilabu vya Ulaya.<ref name="biik2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 |title=BIIK-Shymkent ni bingwa wa Kazakhstan wa 2023 kwa timu za wanawake |publisher=Shirikisho la Kandanda la Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vituo vikuu vya michezo ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Kati wa Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kituo cha riadha, majumba ya michezo, vituo vya tenisi na mabwawa ya kuogelea. == Mazingira na maeneo ya kijani == Ajenda ya mazingira ya jiji inahusu kupunguza uzalishaji wa hewa chafu kutoka viwandani na usafiri, kuboresha miundombinu ya huduma za umma, kutibu maji taka, kusimamia taka ngumu za nyumbani na kuhifadhi maeneo ya kijani. Mipango ya maendeleo ya jiji inajumuisha upanuzi wa matumizi ya gesi, uboreshaji wa usafiri wa umma, ukarabati wa mikondo ya mito na mifereji, upandaji miti na upanuzi wa ukanda wa kijani.<ref name="development"/> Mfumo wa chemchemi wa Koshkarata na Karasu, bonde la Badam, bustani ya miti na ukanda wa kijani wenye eneo la zaidi ya hekta 5,300 vina umuhimu maalumu wa kiasili na burudani.<ref name="development"/> == Tazama pia == * [[Miji ya Kazakhstan]] * [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] * [[Historia ya Kazakhstan]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Kujisomea == * Bartold, V. V. ''Kazi zilizokusanywa. Juzuu ya III: Kazi kuhusu jiografia ya kihistoria''. Moscow: Nauka, 1965. {{ru}} * Baipakov, K. M. ''Miji ya Enzi za Kati ya Kazakhstan kwenye Njia ya Hariri''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Mkusanyo wa makaburi ya historia na utamaduni wa Kazakhstan: Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Nyenzo za utafiti wa kiakiolojia wa makazi ya kale ya Shymkent''. Shymkent. {{ru}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi ya Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent] * [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Takwimu rasmi za jiji la Shymkent] * [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya utalii ya Visit Shymkent] * [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Tovuti ya uwekezaji ya jiji la Shymkent] * {{commons cat|Shymkent}} [[Jamii:Shymkent| ]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Miji yenye wakazi zaidi ya milioni moja]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Njia ya Hariri]] ja5so0gvt3ml1u347a9bubwjyy4177e 1582402 1582401 2026-07-30T03:55:16Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 1582402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Shymkent |jina_lingine = {{lang-kk|Шымкент}} |aina_ya_makazi = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |picha_ya_makazi = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Mwonekano wa sehemu ya kati ya Shymkent |picha_ya_bendera = Shymkent flag.svg |ukubwa_ya_bendera = 100px |picha_ya_nembo = Shymkent logo.svg |ukubwa_ya_nembo = 90px |picha_ya_ramani = Shymkent in Kazakhstan.svg |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mahali pa Shymkent nchini Kazakhstan |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Kazakhstan]] |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = Hadhi |jina_la_serikali1 = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Mgawanyo wa ndani |jina_la_serikali2 = Wilaya 5 za kiutawala |aina_ya_serikali = Utawala wa jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Akim |jina_la_kiongozi = Gabit Syzdykbekov |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="akimat">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru |title=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Jukwaa la pamoja la rasilimali za mtandao za taasisi za serikali za Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |established_title = Kutajwa kwa mara ya kwanza |established_date = Karne ya 15 (kuhusiana na matukio ya 1365–1366) |established_title2 = Majina ya zamani |established_date2 = Chimkent; Chernyaev (1914–1924) |area_total_km2 = 1163 |marejeleo_ya_eneo = <ref name="development">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru |title=Mpango wa maendeleo wa jiji la Shymkent wa miaka 2021–2025 |date=2023-12-21 |publisher=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1308120 |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 1 Juni 2026 |marejeo_ya_wakazi = <ref name="population2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan tarehe 1 Juni 2026 |date=2026-07-01 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 1125 |kanda_muda = [[UTC+05:00|UTC+5]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +5 |msimbo_posta = 160000 |kodi_ya_simu = +7 7252 |blank_name = Msimbo wa magari |blank_info = 17 |blank1_name = Msimbo wa KATO |blank1_info = 511010000 |blank2_name = Eneo la mji mkuu |blank2_info = [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] |tovuti = [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi] |majiranukta = {{coord|42|19|0|N|69|36|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}} }} '''Shymkent''' ({{lang-kk|Шымкент}}; hadi mwaka 1992 tahajia rasmi iliyotumiwa katika lugha ya Kirusi ilikuwa '''Chimkent''') ni jiji lililoko kusini mwa [[Kazakhstan]]. Ni mojawapo ya majiji matatu yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini humo, pamoja na [[Astana]] na [[Almaty]]. Shymkent ni kitengo huru cha kiutawala na kimaeneo na si sehemu ya Mkoa wa Turkestan unaolizunguka. Jiji lilipewa hadhi ya kitaifa tarehe 19 Juni 2018.<ref name="decree2018">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan |title=Kuhusu baadhi ya masuala ya mpangilio wa kiutawala na kimaeneo wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=2018-06-19 |publisher=Tovuti rasmi ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 1 Juni 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,308,120 na ilikuwa jiji la tatu kwa idadi ya watu nchini Kazakhstan, baada ya Almaty na Astana.<ref name="population2026"/> Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa zaidi vya viwanda, biashara, usafiri, elimu na utamaduni kusini mwa nchi. Uchumi wake unategemea hasa viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara, ujenzi, usafiri na huduma; usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na utengenezaji wa vifaa vya ujenzi pia vina umuhimu mkubwa.<ref name="stat2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: muhtasari wa maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Utafiti wa kiakiolojia katika makazi ya kale yaliyoko kwenye kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji umebaini matabaka ya kitamaduni yenye unene wa jumla wa hadi mita 14. Vyombo vya udongo kutoka tabaka za chini vinaanzia mwishoni mwa karne ya 3 hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 2 KK. Kwa msingi huo, umri wa makazi ya mjini unakadiriwa kuwa angalau miaka 2,200.<ref name="archaeology">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru |title=Makazi ya kale ya Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Hata hivyo, tarehe ya kiakiolojia ya makazi hayo si sawa na tarehe ya kutajwa kwa jina lake kwa mara ya kwanza katika maandishi. Jina hilo linajulikana kupitia kitabu cha ''Zafarnama|Zafar-name'' cha Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi, kilichoandikwa katika karne ya 15 na kuelezea matukio ya miaka 1365–1366.<ref name="zafar">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru |title=Sababu saba za kutembelea Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jina == Maelezo yaliyoenea zaidi yanaunganisha jina la jiji na vipashio ''chim'' au ''shym'', vyenye maana ya “udongo wenye nyasi”, “nyasi”, “mbuga” au “eneo la kijani”, na ''kent'', lenye maana ya “jiji” au “makazi”. Kwa ufafanuzi huo, jina linaweza kumaanisha “jiji la kijani”, “jiji lililo katikati ya mbuga” au “jiji linalochanua”. Kiambishi ''-kent'', kinachotokana na utamaduni wa kale wa Kiirani wa kutaja maeneo, kinapatikana katika majina mengi ya makazi ya [[Asia ya Kati]], yakiwemo [[Tashkent]], Zharkent na Mankent.<ref name="investintro">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: taarifa za jumla |publisher=Kampuni ya Taifa ya Kazakh Invest |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika vyanzo vya Kirusi vya karne ya 19 na ya 20, tahajia '''Chimkent''' ndiyo iliyotumika. Mwaka 1914 jiji lilibadilishwa jina kuwa '''Chernyaev''' kwa heshima ya jenerali Mikhail Chernyaev, aliyeongoza wanajeshi wa Urusi wakati wa kuliteka jiji mwaka 1864. Jina la awali lilirejeshwa mwaka 1924. Kwa azimio la Urais wa Baraza Kuu la Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan la tarehe 8 Septemba 1992, unukuzi wa Kirusi wa jina hilo ulisanifishwa kuwa '''Shymkent'''.<ref name="rename1992">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ |title=Kuhusu kubadilisha majina na kusanifisha unukuzi wa Kirusi wa majina ya baadhi ya vitengo vya kiutawala na kimaeneo vya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=1992-09-08 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Historia == === Zama za kale na Enzi za Kati === Eneo la Shymkent ya sasa limekaliwa tangu nyakati za kale sana. Makazi ya kale yako katika kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji na yana ukubwa wa takriban hekta 4.5. Uchimbaji uliofanywa, pamoja na wataalamu wa Taasisi ya Akiolojia ya A. H. Margulan na Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov, ulibaini mfululizo wa matabaka ya kitamaduni ya zama za kale, Enzi za Kati za awali na Enzi za Kati za baadaye.<ref name="archaeology"/> Ukuaji wa makazi hayo ulihusishwa na mahali pake katika eneo la vilima vya chini vya [[Tian Shan]] ya Magharibi, kwenye njia zilizounganisha bonde la Syr Darya, oasisi za Mawarannahr na maeneo ya nyika ya Kazakhstan. Karibu na hapo kulikuwa na Sayram, iliyojulikana kwa waandishi wa Enzi za Kati kama Ispidjab na iliyokuwa kituo kikubwa kwenye njia za Njia ya Hariri. Jina la Shymkent limetajwa katika ''Zafar-name'' ya Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi katika maelezo ya matukio ya miaka 1365–1366. Katika vipindi tofauti, jiji na mazingira yake yalikuwa chini ya ushawishi wa dola mbalimbali za Asia ya Kati, zikiwemo milki za Watimuri na Khanati ya Kazakh. Katika karne ya 17 na ya 18, eneo hilo liliathiriwa na vita kati ya Wakazakhi na Wadzungar; mwishoni mwa karne ya 18 na katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne ya 19, Khanati ya Kokand na Emirati ya Bukhara zilishindania majiji ya Kazakhstan Kusini. === Khanati ya Kokand na Dola la Urusi === Mwanzoni mwa karne ya 19, Shymkent iliingizwa katika Khanati ya Kokand. Karibu mwaka 1810, jiji liligeuzwa kuwa kituo cha kijeshi na kiutawala kilichoimarishwa. Ngome yake ilikuwa kwenye sehemu iliyoinuka katikati ya makazi na ilidhibiti barabara kati ya Tashkent, Turkestan na maeneo ya vilima vya chini. Mnamo Septemba 1864, Chimkent ilitekwa na jeshi la Urusi. Baadaye jiji likawa makao ya wilaya katika Mkoa wa Syr Darya wa [[Gavana-Jenerali wa Turkestan]].<ref name="history1864">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf |title=Watafiti wa Urusi kuhusu jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov |format=PDF |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Urusi, uchumi wa jiji ulitegemea biashara, ufundi na usindikaji wa malighafi za kilimo. Katika miaka ya 1880, kiwanda cha kutengeneza santonini kutokana na mmea wa ''Artemisia cina'' kilianzishwa; kiwanda hicho kilikuwa mtangulizi wa tasnia ya kisasa ya dawa ya Shymkent. Ujenzi wa reli mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 uliimarisha umuhimu wa jiji kama kituo cha biashara na usafiri. === Kipindi cha Kisovyeti === Baada ya kuanzishwa kwa utawala wa Kisovyeti, jiji liliingia kwa nyakati tofauti katika Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa ya Kiturkestan, Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa inayojiendesha ya Kazakh na Jamhuri ya Kijamaa ya Kisovyeti ya Kikazakhi. Mwaka 1924, jiji la Chernyaev lilirudishiwa jina Chimkent. Mwaka 1932 likawa kituo cha kiutawala cha Mkoa mpya wa Kazakhstan Kusini.<ref name="museumhistory">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 |title=Historia ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini tangu mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 |publisher=Makumbusho ya Historia na Maarifa ya Eneo ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika kipindi cha ujenzi wa viwanda, viwanda vya metali zisizo na chuma, kemikali na dawa, mafuta na vyakula, nguo na mavazi vilijengwa au kupanuliwa mjini. Kiwanda cha risasi cha Chimkent na kiwanda cha kemikali na dawa vilikuwa miongoni mwa viwanda vikubwa zaidi. Wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Uzalendo, viwanda na taasisi kutoka maeneo ya magharibi ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti zilihamishiwa Chimkent; jiji likawa mojawapo ya vituo vya viwanda vya sehemu ya nyuma ya mstari wa mbele. Katika miongo ya baada ya vita, idadi ya watu na eneo la Chimkent vilikua kwa kasi. Maeneo mapya ya makazi, viwanda vya utengenezaji wa mashine na vifaa vya ujenzi, pamoja na taasisi za elimu na afya vilijengwa. Katika miaka ya 1980, Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent kilianza kufanya kazi. === Kazakhstan huru === Baada ya Kazakhstan kutangaza uhuru, Shymkent iliendelea kuwa kituo kikubwa zaidi cha uchumi kusini mwa nchi. Mwaka 1992, tahajia rasmi ya Kirusi ya jina la jiji ilibadilishwa kutoka Chimkent kuwa Shymkent.<ref name="rename1992"/> Mwaka 2014, mipaka ya kiutawala ya jiji ilipanuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuingiza ardhi na makazi kutoka wilaya jirani. Mwaka huohuo, wilaya ya nne ya jiji iliundwa na baadaye ikapewa jina la Karatau.<ref name="district2014">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya ya nne na kuwekwa kwa mipaka ya wilaya za jiji la Shymkent |date=2014-10-07 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Juni 2018, Shymkent iliwekwa katika kundi la majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa. Makao ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini yalihamishwa hadi [[Turkestan]], na mkoa huo ukaitwa Mkoa wa Turkestan.<ref name="decree2018"/> Mwaka 2022, wilaya ya tano ya kiutawala, Turan, iliundwa.<ref name="turan2022">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya mpya katika jiji la Shymkent na kuipa jina “Turan” |date=2022-08-12 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jiografia == === Mahali === Shymkent iko kusini mwa Kazakhstan, kwenye tambarare ya vilima vya chini vya sehemu ya magharibi ya Tian Shan, karibu kiasi na mpaka wa [[Uzbekistan]]. Jiji liko kwenye njia ya kihistoria na ya kisasa ya usafiri inayounganisha Tashkent, Turkestan, Taraz na Almaty. Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa hekta 116,300, sawa na km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Mito mikuu ni Badam na Koshkarata pamoja na tawi lake la Karasu. Jiji lina mifereji tisa yenye urefu wa jumla wa takriban km 91, ikiwemo Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu na Koshkarata. Eneo la mfuko wa misitu wa serikali na ukanda wa kijani lina ukubwa wa hekta 5,332.7.<ref name="development"/> === Hali ya hewa === Shymkent ina hali ya hewa ya bara, yenye majira ya joto marefu na yenye joto kali pamoja na majira ya baridi ambayo ni laini kwa kulinganisha na sehemu nyingi za Kazakhstan. Mvua nyingi kwa kawaida hunyesha katika nusu baridi ya mwaka na wakati wa masika, ilhali majira ya joto huwa makavu kwa kiasi kikubwa. Viwango vya hali ya hewa vya jiji huhesabiwa na Kazhydromet kwa kipindi cha miaka 1991–2020.<ref name="climate">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent |title=Tabia za hali ya hewa za Shymkent |publisher=Kazhydromet |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Mgawanyo wa kiutawala == Shymkent imegawanywa katika wilaya tano za kiutawala: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau na Turan.<ref name="akimat"/> Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hizo ilikuwa kama ifuatavyo:<ref name="ethnos2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan kwa makundi mahususi ya kikabila mwanzoni mwa 2026, karatasi “Jiji la Shymkent” |date=2026-03-27 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Wilaya ! Wakazi mwanzoni mwa 2026 |- | Abay | 259,325 |- | Al-Farabi | 262,566 |- | Enbekshi | 206,679 |- | Karatau | 334,139 |- | Turan | 231,341 |} Mkuu wa mamlaka ya utendaji ya jiji huitwa akim. Gabit Abdimazhitovich Syzdykbekov ndiye akim wa Shymkent.<ref name="akimat"/> == Wakazi == Mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,294,050; kufikia tarehe 1 Juni 2026 idadi hiyo ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1,308,120.<ref name="ethnos2026"/><ref name="population2026"/> Kwa eneo la km² 1,163, msongamano wa watu ulikuwa takriban wakazi 1,125 kwa km². Kuanzia Januari hadi Mei 2026, ongezeko la asili lilikuwa watu 8,287: watoto 10,261 walizaliwa na watu 1,974 walifariki. Salio la uhamiaji lilikuwa chanya kwa watu 5,783, wakiwemo 5,687 waliotokana na uhamiaji wa ndani.<ref name="stat2026"/> === Makundi ya kikabila === Shymkent ni jiji la makabila mengi. Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, makundi makubwa zaidi ya kikabila yalikuwa:<ref name="ethnos2026"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Kundi la kikabila ! Idadi ya watu ! Asilimia |- | Wakazakhi | 929,724 | 71.85 |- | Wauzbeki | 203,098 | 15.69 |- | Warusi | 74,404 | 5.75 |- | Waazeri | 23,814 | 1.84 |- | Watatari | 11,346 | 0.88 |- | Wengine | 51,664 | 3.99 |} Lugha ya taifa ni [[Kikazakhi]]. Katika taasisi za serikali na vyombo vya serikali za mitaa, [[Kirusi]] hutumiwa rasmi sambamba na Kikazakhi kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kazakhstan. [[Kiuzbeki]] pia hutumiwa katika maisha ya kila siku na sehemu kubwa ya wakazi. == Uchumi == Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa vya viwanda na biashara nchini Kazakhstan. Viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara ya jumla na rejareja, ujenzi, usafiri, uhifadhi na huduma nyingine vina nafasi muhimu katika muundo wa uchumi wake. Kuanzia Januari hadi Machi 2026, pato la jumla la kieneo lilikuwa trilioni 1.352 za tenge; ukuaji halisi ikilinganishwa na kipindi kama hicho cha mwaka 2025 ulikuwa asilimia 8.9. Huduma zilichangia asilimia 61.6 ya pato hilo na uzalishaji wa bidhaa asilimia 30.1.<ref name="stat2026"/> Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, thamani ya uzalishaji wa viwandani ilikuwa bilioni 817.46 za tenge, ikiwa ongezeko la asilimia 11 kwa mwaka. Uzalishaji katika viwanda vya uzalishaji uliongezeka kwa asilimia 9.6. Thamani ya kazi za ujenzi ilifikia bilioni 136.26 za tenge, na eneo la nyumba mpya zilizokamilishwa lilikuwa m² 558,600. Mauzo ya rejareja yalifikia bilioni 628.47 za tenge. Uwekezaji katika rasilimali za kudumu ulikuwa bilioni 308.38 za tenge.<ref name="stat2026"/> Sekta za jadi ni pamoja na usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na vinywaji, nguo na mavazi, utengenezaji wa mashine, metali na vifaa vya ujenzi. Jiji lina Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent, viwanda vya dawa, pamoja na viwanda vya saruji, chakula na bidhaa za viwanda vyepesi. Eneo Maalumu la Kiuchumi la “Ontustik”, maeneo ya viwanda na miundombinu ya usafiri na lojistiki vinaendelea kuendelezwa. Tarehe 1 Julai 2026, vyombo 29,410 vya kisheria vilikuwa vimesajiliwa Shymkent, na 24,907 kati yake vilikuwa vikifanya kazi; idadi kubwa sana ya vyombo hai viliainishwa kuwa biashara ndogo.<ref name="stat2026"/> == Usafiri == Shymkent ni kitovu kikubwa cha usafiri kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Barabara za kimataifa na baina ya mikoa za Tashkent–Shymkent–Taraz–Almaty na Tashkent–Shymkent–Turkestan–Samara hupitia mjini au karibu sana na jiji. Reli kuu inayounganisha Tashkent, Arys, Taraz na Almaty pia hupitia eneo hilo.<ref name="development"/> === Usafiri wa mjini === Mabasi ndiyo msingi wa usafiri wa umma. Kupanuliwa kwa eneo la jiji baada ya mwaka 2014 kulisababisha maendeleo ya mtandao wa barabara kuu za mjini na miunganisho ya usafiri na maeneo mapya ya makazi. Nauli hulipwa kwa njia za kielektroniki na kadi za usafiri. === Reli === Kituo cha reli cha Shymkent huhudumia treni za abiria na mizigo kwenye njia ya Tashkent–Arys–Taraz–Almaty. Magharibi mwa jiji kuna kituo kikubwa cha makutano cha Arys I, kinachounganisha njia za kuelekea Turkestan, [[Kyzylorda]] na maeneo ya kaskazini ya Kazakhstan. === Usafiri wa anga === Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Shymkent huhudumia safari za ndani na za kimataifa na ni kituo kikuu cha shirika la ndege la SCAT Airlines. Terminali mpya ya abiria ilifunguliwa tarehe 25 Desemba 2024. Ina eneo la m² 40,000, na uwezo uliokadiriwa wa uwanja wa ndege uliongezeka kutoka abiria 800,000 hadi milioni 6 kwa mwaka baada ya jengo hilo kuanza kutumika.<ref name="airporthub">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru |title=Viwanja vya ndege vya Astana, Almaty, Shymkent na Aktobe vitakuwa vituo vya kimataifa vya usafiri wa njia mbalimbali |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Mwaka 2025, safari za moja kwa moja za kimataifa zilifunguliwa kutoka Shymkent kwenda majiji kadhaa ya Ulaya, Asia ya Mashariki na Mashariki ya Kati. Mipango ya maendeleo ya uwanja wa ndege inajumuisha ujenzi wa njia mpya ya kurukia na kutua yenye urefu wa km 3.5 na kuanzishwa kwa kitovu cha usafiri na lojistiki cha aina mbalimbali.<ref name="airroutes">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru |title=Kitovu kipya cha anga: safari za moja kwa moja kutoka Shymkent kwenda Ulaya na Asia zimefunguliwa |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref><ref name="airporthub"/> == Elimu na sayansi == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha elimu kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina taasisi za elimu ya awali, elimu ya msingi na sekondari, elimu ya ufundi na kitaaluma, elimu ya juu na elimu ya baada ya shahada. Takwimu rasmi za eneo huchapisha viashiria tofauti kuhusu idadi ya vyuo vikuu, wanafunzi, wanafunzi wa uzamili na udaktari, wahadhiri na taasisi zinazofanya utafiti na maendeleo.<ref name="educationstats">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ |title=Mfululizo wa takwimu: elimu, sayansi na ubunifu katika jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vyuo vikuu vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na: * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov]], chuo kikuu cha fani nyingi chenye hadhi ya chuo cha utafiti;<ref name="auezov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Mukhtar Auezov |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * [[Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini]], inayofundisha wataalamu wa tiba na famasia;<ref name="skma">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://skma.edu.kz/ |title=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |publisher=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov]], kinachobobea katika mafunzo ya walimu.<ref name="zhanibekov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov |publisher=Zhanibekov University |language=kk |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Pia kuna Chuo Kikuu cha Shymkent, Chuo Kikuu cha Miras, Chuo Kikuu Bunifu cha Asia ya Kati na taasisi nyingine za elimu ya juu. Mwaka 2026, maandalizi ya mradi wa kuanzisha Chuo Kikuu tofauti cha Utamaduni na Sanaa kwa msingi wa kitivo husika cha Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov yaliendelea.<ref name="cultureuni">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utamaduni na Sanaa na Ukumbi mpya wa Opera na Baleti: miradi miwili mikubwa itatekelezwa Shymkent |publisher=Wizara ya Utamaduni na Habari ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Afya == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha huduma za afya kwa maeneo ya kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina hospitali na kliniki za fani nyingi, vituo vya uzazi, uchunguzi, moyo, saratani na magonjwa ya kuambukiza, vituo vya huduma za dharura, kliniki binafsi na maabara za tiba. Elimu ya tiba na utaalamu wa famasia wa jiji vinahusishwa na Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini na viwanda vya dawa. == Utamaduni == Jiji lina vikundi vya maigizo vya Kikazakhi, Kirusi na Kiuzbeki, makumbusho, maktaba, mashirika ya matamasha, maeneo ya maonyesho, sarakasi na vyama vya ubunifu. Majumba makuu ya tamthilia ni Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kitaaluma wa Kikazakhi wa Zhumat Shanin, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kirusi, Ukumbi wa Opera na Baleti, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kiuzbeki na ukumbi wa jiji wa vikaragosi na watazamaji vijana. Mtandao wa makumbusho unajumuisha makusanyo ya historia ya eneo na sanaa, Makumbusho ya Waathiriwa wa Ukandamizaji wa Kisiasa, Makumbusho ya Mila na Desturi, pamoja na maonyesho ya kituo cha kihistoria na kiutamaduni cha “Shymqala”. Mwaka 2020, Shymkent ilishiriki katika mpango baina ya nchi wa “Miji Mikuu ya Utamaduni ya Jumuiya ya Madola” kama mji mkuu wa utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru. Mwaka huohuo, kumbukumbu ya miaka 2,200 ya jiji iliadhimishwa na kujumuishwa katika kalenda ya maadhimisho ya [[UNESCO]].<ref name="cisculture">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ |title=Shymkent yazindua mpango “Mji Mkuu wa Utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola – 2020” |date=2020-06-20 |publisher=Mfuko wa Ushirikiano wa Kibinadamu wa Nchi Wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Vivutio na utalii == Kivutio kikuu cha kihistoria cha jiji ni kituo cha “Shymqala”, kilichoanzishwa katika eneo la makazi ya kale na ngome ya zamani ya Kokand. Kinajumuisha maeneo ya kiakiolojia, sehemu za ulinzi zilizojengwa upya, maeneo ya makumbusho na majukwaa ya kutazamia mandhari.<ref name="archaeology"/> Vivutio na maeneo ya umma yanayojulikana ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Ordabasy, mnara wa “Zher-Ana”, Hifadhi ya Uhuru, mnara wa Baidibek-bi, Hifadhi ya Abay, Bustani ya Miti ya Asanbay Askarov, Bustani ya Wanyama ya Shymkent, Arbat, chemchemi na njia ya matembezi kando ya Koshkarata, misikiti, makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi na majengo ya kihistoria yaliyohifadhiwa. Shymkent ni mahali pa kuanzia safari kwenda Sayram, Mbuga ya Taifa ya Sayram-Ugam, Hifadhi ya Asili ya Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkestan, Otrar na maeneo mengine ya asili, historia na utamaduni kusini mwa Kazakhstan. == Usanifu na mipango miji == Muundo wa jiji unachanganya kituo cha kihistoria kinachozunguka ngome na mitaa ya zamani ya biashara, maeneo ya makazi ya kipindi cha Kisovyeti na vitongoji vipya vya majengo ya ghorofa nyingi. Baada ya kupanuliwa kwa mipaka ya kiutawala mwaka 2014, sehemu kubwa ya ujenzi wa nyumba na miundombinu ilihamia kaskazini, magharibi na kaskazini-magharibi mwa jiji. Maeneo ya makazi na biashara ya Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay na mengine yanaendelea kuendelezwa. Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, m² 558,600 za nyumba mpya zilikamilishwa mjini, zikiwemo m² 445,000 katika majengo ya ghorofa yenye nyumba nyingi.<ref name="stat2026"/> Maendeleo ya mipango miji yanaambatana na ujenzi wa barabara mpya, mitandao ya huduma za uhandisi, shule, vituo vya afya na majengo ya utamaduni. == Michezo == Michezo iliyoendelea vizuri Shymkent ni pamoja na kandanda, ndondi, mieleka, kunyanyua uzani, mazoezi ya viungo, tenisi, kuogelea na mbio za baiskeli. Klabu kuu ya kandanda ya wanaume ni FC Ordabasy, iliyoshinda ubingwa wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2023.<ref name="ordabasy2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ |title=Ordabasy yashinda ubingwa wa kandanda wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza |date=2023-10-23 |publisher=Orda.kz |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Klabu ya wanawake ya BIIK Shymkent imeshinda ubingwa wa nchi mara kadhaa na kushiriki mashindano ya vilabu vya Ulaya.<ref name="biik2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 |title=BIIK-Shymkent ni bingwa wa Kazakhstan wa 2023 kwa timu za wanawake |publisher=Shirikisho la Kandanda la Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vituo vikuu vya michezo ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Kati wa Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kituo cha riadha, majumba ya michezo, vituo vya tenisi na mabwawa ya kuogelea. == Mazingira na maeneo ya kijani == Ajenda ya mazingira ya jiji inahusu kupunguza uzalishaji wa hewa chafu kutoka viwandani na usafiri, kuboresha miundombinu ya huduma za umma, kutibu maji taka, kusimamia taka ngumu za nyumbani na kuhifadhi maeneo ya kijani. Mipango ya maendeleo ya jiji inajumuisha upanuzi wa matumizi ya gesi, uboreshaji wa usafiri wa umma, ukarabati wa mikondo ya mito na mifereji, upandaji miti na upanuzi wa ukanda wa kijani.<ref name="development"/> Mfumo wa chemchemi wa Koshkarata na Karasu, bonde la Badam, bustani ya miti na ukanda wa kijani wenye eneo la zaidi ya hekta 5,300 vina umuhimu maalumu wa kiasili na burudani.<ref name="development"/> == Tazama pia == * [[Miji ya Kazakhstan]] * [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] * [[Historia ya Kazakhstan]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Kujisomea == * Bartold, V. V. ''Kazi zilizokusanywa. Juzuu ya III: Kazi kuhusu jiografia ya kihistoria''. Moscow: Nauka, 1965. {{ru}} * Baipakov, K. M. ''Miji ya Enzi za Kati ya Kazakhstan kwenye Njia ya Hariri''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Mkusanyo wa makaburi ya historia na utamaduni wa Kazakhstan: Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Nyenzo za utafiti wa kiakiolojia wa makazi ya kale ya Shymkent''. Shymkent. {{ru}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi ya Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent] * [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Takwimu rasmi za jiji la Shymkent] * [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya utalii ya Visit Shymkent] * [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Tovuti ya uwekezaji ya jiji la Shymkent] * {{commons cat|Shymkent}} [[Jamii:Shymkent| ]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Miji yenye wakazi zaidi ya milioni moja]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Njia ya Hariri]] ta3ihehnqk6jph18s2duxmup2hbanyc 1582403 1582402 2026-07-30T03:55:36Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 1582403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Shymkent |jina_lingine = {{lang-kk|Шымкент}} |aina_ya_makazi = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |picha_ya_makazi = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Mwonekano wa sehemu ya kati ya Shymkent |picha_ya_bendera = Shymkent flag.svg |ukubwa_ya_bendera = 100px |picha_ya_nembo = Shymkent logo.svg |ukubwa_ya_nembo = 90px |picha_ya_ramani = Shymkent in Kazakhstan.svg |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mahali pa Shymkent nchini Kazakhstan |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Kazakhstan]] |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = Hadhi |jina_la_serikali1 = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Mgawanyo wa ndani |jina_la_serikali2 = Wilaya 5 za kiutawala |aina_ya_serikali = Utawala wa jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Akim |jina_la_kiongozi = Gabit Syzdykbekov |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="akimat">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru |title=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Jukwaa la pamoja la rasilimali za mtandao za taasisi za serikali za Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |established_title = Kutajwa kwa mara ya kwanza |established_date = Karne ya 15 (kuhusiana na matukio ya 1365–1366) |established_title2 = Majina ya zamani |established_date2 = Chimkent; Chernyaev (1914–1924) |area_total_km2 = 1163 |marejeleo_ya_eneo = <ref name="development">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru |title=Mpango wa maendeleo wa jiji la Shymkent wa miaka 2021–2025 |date=2023-12-21 |publisher=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1308120 |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 1 Juni 2026 |marejeo_ya_wakazi = <ref name="population2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan tarehe 1 Juni 2026 |date=2026-07-01 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 1125 |kanda_muda = [[UTC+05:00|UTC+5]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +5 |msimbo_posta = 160000 |kodi_ya_simu = +7 7252 |blank_name = Msimbo wa magari |blank_info = 17 |blank1_name = Msimbo wa KATO |blank1_info = 511010000 |blank2_name = Eneo la mji mkuu |blank2_info = [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] |tovuti = [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi] |majiranukta = {{coord|42|19|0|N|69|36|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}} }} '''Shymkent''' ({{lang-kk|Шымкент}}; hadi mwaka 1992 tahajia rasmi iliyotumiwa katika lugha ya Kirusi ilikuwa '''Chimkent''') ni jiji lililoko kusini mwa [[Kazakhstan]]. Ni mojawapo ya majiji matatu yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini humo, pamoja na [[Astana]] na [[Almaty]]. Shymkent ni kitengo huru cha kiutawala na kimaeneo na si sehemu ya Mkoa wa Turkestan unaolizunguka. Jiji lilipewa hadhi ya kitaifa tarehe 19 Juni 2018.<ref name="decree2018">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan |title=Kuhusu baadhi ya masuala ya mpangilio wa kiutawala na kimaeneo wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=2018-06-19 |publisher=Tovuti rasmi ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 1 Juni 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,308,120 na ilikuwa jiji la tatu kwa idadi ya watu nchini Kazakhstan, baada ya Almaty na Astana.<ref name="population2026"/> Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa zaidi vya viwanda, biashara, usafiri, elimu na utamaduni kusini mwa nchi. Uchumi wake unategemea hasa viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara, ujenzi, usafiri na huduma; usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na utengenezaji wa vifaa vya ujenzi pia vina umuhimu mkubwa.<ref name="stat2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: muhtasari wa maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Utafiti wa kiakiolojia katika makazi ya kale yaliyoko kwenye kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji umebaini matabaka ya kitamaduni yenye unene wa jumla wa hadi mita 14. Vyombo vya udongo kutoka tabaka za chini vinaanzia mwishoni mwa karne ya 3 hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 2 KK. Kwa msingi huo, umri wa makazi ya mjini unakadiriwa kuwa angalau miaka 2,200.<ref name="archaeology">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru |title=Makazi ya kale ya Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Hata hivyo, tarehe ya kiakiolojia ya makazi hayo si sawa na tarehe ya kutajwa kwa jina lake kwa mara ya kwanza katika maandishi. Jina hilo linajulikana kupitia kitabu cha ''Zafar-name'' cha Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi, kilichoandikwa katika karne ya 15 na kuelezea matukio ya miaka 1365–1366.<ref name="zafar">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru |title=Sababu saba za kutembelea Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jina == Maelezo yaliyoenea zaidi yanaunganisha jina la jiji na vipashio ''chim'' au ''shym'', vyenye maana ya “udongo wenye nyasi”, “nyasi”, “mbuga” au “eneo la kijani”, na ''kent'', lenye maana ya “jiji” au “makazi”. Kwa ufafanuzi huo, jina linaweza kumaanisha “jiji la kijani”, “jiji lililo katikati ya mbuga” au “jiji linalochanua”. Kiambishi ''-kent'', kinachotokana na utamaduni wa kale wa Kiirani wa kutaja maeneo, kinapatikana katika majina mengi ya makazi ya [[Asia ya Kati]], yakiwemo [[Tashkent]], Zharkent na Mankent.<ref name="investintro">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: taarifa za jumla |publisher=Kampuni ya Taifa ya Kazakh Invest |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika vyanzo vya Kirusi vya karne ya 19 na ya 20, tahajia '''Chimkent''' ndiyo iliyotumika. Mwaka 1914 jiji lilibadilishwa jina kuwa '''Chernyaev''' kwa heshima ya jenerali Mikhail Chernyaev, aliyeongoza wanajeshi wa Urusi wakati wa kuliteka jiji mwaka 1864. Jina la awali lilirejeshwa mwaka 1924. Kwa azimio la Urais wa Baraza Kuu la Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan la tarehe 8 Septemba 1992, unukuzi wa Kirusi wa jina hilo ulisanifishwa kuwa '''Shymkent'''.<ref name="rename1992">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ |title=Kuhusu kubadilisha majina na kusanifisha unukuzi wa Kirusi wa majina ya baadhi ya vitengo vya kiutawala na kimaeneo vya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=1992-09-08 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Historia == === Zama za kale na Enzi za Kati === Eneo la Shymkent ya sasa limekaliwa tangu nyakati za kale sana. Makazi ya kale yako katika kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji na yana ukubwa wa takriban hekta 4.5. Uchimbaji uliofanywa, pamoja na wataalamu wa Taasisi ya Akiolojia ya A. H. Margulan na Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov, ulibaini mfululizo wa matabaka ya kitamaduni ya zama za kale, Enzi za Kati za awali na Enzi za Kati za baadaye.<ref name="archaeology"/> Ukuaji wa makazi hayo ulihusishwa na mahali pake katika eneo la vilima vya chini vya [[Tian Shan]] ya Magharibi, kwenye njia zilizounganisha bonde la Syr Darya, oasisi za Mawarannahr na maeneo ya nyika ya Kazakhstan. Karibu na hapo kulikuwa na Sayram, iliyojulikana kwa waandishi wa Enzi za Kati kama Ispidjab na iliyokuwa kituo kikubwa kwenye njia za Njia ya Hariri. Jina la Shymkent limetajwa katika ''Zafar-name'' ya Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi katika maelezo ya matukio ya miaka 1365–1366. Katika vipindi tofauti, jiji na mazingira yake yalikuwa chini ya ushawishi wa dola mbalimbali za Asia ya Kati, zikiwemo milki za Watimuri na Khanati ya Kazakh. Katika karne ya 17 na ya 18, eneo hilo liliathiriwa na vita kati ya Wakazakhi na Wadzungar; mwishoni mwa karne ya 18 na katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne ya 19, Khanati ya Kokand na Emirati ya Bukhara zilishindania majiji ya Kazakhstan Kusini. === Khanati ya Kokand na Dola la Urusi === Mwanzoni mwa karne ya 19, Shymkent iliingizwa katika Khanati ya Kokand. Karibu mwaka 1810, jiji liligeuzwa kuwa kituo cha kijeshi na kiutawala kilichoimarishwa. Ngome yake ilikuwa kwenye sehemu iliyoinuka katikati ya makazi na ilidhibiti barabara kati ya Tashkent, Turkestan na maeneo ya vilima vya chini. Mnamo Septemba 1864, Chimkent ilitekwa na jeshi la Urusi. Baadaye jiji likawa makao ya wilaya katika Mkoa wa Syr Darya wa [[Gavana-Jenerali wa Turkestan]].<ref name="history1864">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf |title=Watafiti wa Urusi kuhusu jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov |format=PDF |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Urusi, uchumi wa jiji ulitegemea biashara, ufundi na usindikaji wa malighafi za kilimo. Katika miaka ya 1880, kiwanda cha kutengeneza santonini kutokana na mmea wa ''Artemisia cina'' kilianzishwa; kiwanda hicho kilikuwa mtangulizi wa tasnia ya kisasa ya dawa ya Shymkent. Ujenzi wa reli mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 uliimarisha umuhimu wa jiji kama kituo cha biashara na usafiri. === Kipindi cha Kisovyeti === Baada ya kuanzishwa kwa utawala wa Kisovyeti, jiji liliingia kwa nyakati tofauti katika Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa ya Kiturkestan, Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa inayojiendesha ya Kazakh na Jamhuri ya Kijamaa ya Kisovyeti ya Kikazakhi. Mwaka 1924, jiji la Chernyaev lilirudishiwa jina Chimkent. Mwaka 1932 likawa kituo cha kiutawala cha Mkoa mpya wa Kazakhstan Kusini.<ref name="museumhistory">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 |title=Historia ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini tangu mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 |publisher=Makumbusho ya Historia na Maarifa ya Eneo ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika kipindi cha ujenzi wa viwanda, viwanda vya metali zisizo na chuma, kemikali na dawa, mafuta na vyakula, nguo na mavazi vilijengwa au kupanuliwa mjini. Kiwanda cha risasi cha Chimkent na kiwanda cha kemikali na dawa vilikuwa miongoni mwa viwanda vikubwa zaidi. Wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Uzalendo, viwanda na taasisi kutoka maeneo ya magharibi ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti zilihamishiwa Chimkent; jiji likawa mojawapo ya vituo vya viwanda vya sehemu ya nyuma ya mstari wa mbele. Katika miongo ya baada ya vita, idadi ya watu na eneo la Chimkent vilikua kwa kasi. Maeneo mapya ya makazi, viwanda vya utengenezaji wa mashine na vifaa vya ujenzi, pamoja na taasisi za elimu na afya vilijengwa. Katika miaka ya 1980, Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent kilianza kufanya kazi. === Kazakhstan huru === Baada ya Kazakhstan kutangaza uhuru, Shymkent iliendelea kuwa kituo kikubwa zaidi cha uchumi kusini mwa nchi. Mwaka 1992, tahajia rasmi ya Kirusi ya jina la jiji ilibadilishwa kutoka Chimkent kuwa Shymkent.<ref name="rename1992"/> Mwaka 2014, mipaka ya kiutawala ya jiji ilipanuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuingiza ardhi na makazi kutoka wilaya jirani. Mwaka huohuo, wilaya ya nne ya jiji iliundwa na baadaye ikapewa jina la Karatau.<ref name="district2014">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya ya nne na kuwekwa kwa mipaka ya wilaya za jiji la Shymkent |date=2014-10-07 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Juni 2018, Shymkent iliwekwa katika kundi la majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa. Makao ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini yalihamishwa hadi [[Turkestan]], na mkoa huo ukaitwa Mkoa wa Turkestan.<ref name="decree2018"/> Mwaka 2022, wilaya ya tano ya kiutawala, Turan, iliundwa.<ref name="turan2022">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya mpya katika jiji la Shymkent na kuipa jina “Turan” |date=2022-08-12 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jiografia == === Mahali === Shymkent iko kusini mwa Kazakhstan, kwenye tambarare ya vilima vya chini vya sehemu ya magharibi ya Tian Shan, karibu kiasi na mpaka wa [[Uzbekistan]]. Jiji liko kwenye njia ya kihistoria na ya kisasa ya usafiri inayounganisha Tashkent, Turkestan, Taraz na Almaty. Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa hekta 116,300, sawa na km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Mito mikuu ni Badam na Koshkarata pamoja na tawi lake la Karasu. Jiji lina mifereji tisa yenye urefu wa jumla wa takriban km 91, ikiwemo Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu na Koshkarata. Eneo la mfuko wa misitu wa serikali na ukanda wa kijani lina ukubwa wa hekta 5,332.7.<ref name="development"/> === Hali ya hewa === Shymkent ina hali ya hewa ya bara, yenye majira ya joto marefu na yenye joto kali pamoja na majira ya baridi ambayo ni laini kwa kulinganisha na sehemu nyingi za Kazakhstan. Mvua nyingi kwa kawaida hunyesha katika nusu baridi ya mwaka na wakati wa masika, ilhali majira ya joto huwa makavu kwa kiasi kikubwa. Viwango vya hali ya hewa vya jiji huhesabiwa na Kazhydromet kwa kipindi cha miaka 1991–2020.<ref name="climate">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent |title=Tabia za hali ya hewa za Shymkent |publisher=Kazhydromet |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Mgawanyo wa kiutawala == Shymkent imegawanywa katika wilaya tano za kiutawala: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau na Turan.<ref name="akimat"/> Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hizo ilikuwa kama ifuatavyo:<ref name="ethnos2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan kwa makundi mahususi ya kikabila mwanzoni mwa 2026, karatasi “Jiji la Shymkent” |date=2026-03-27 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Wilaya ! Wakazi mwanzoni mwa 2026 |- | Abay | 259,325 |- | Al-Farabi | 262,566 |- | Enbekshi | 206,679 |- | Karatau | 334,139 |- | Turan | 231,341 |} Mkuu wa mamlaka ya utendaji ya jiji huitwa akim. Gabit Abdimazhitovich Syzdykbekov ndiye akim wa Shymkent.<ref name="akimat"/> == Wakazi == Mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,294,050; kufikia tarehe 1 Juni 2026 idadi hiyo ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1,308,120.<ref name="ethnos2026"/><ref name="population2026"/> Kwa eneo la km² 1,163, msongamano wa watu ulikuwa takriban wakazi 1,125 kwa km². Kuanzia Januari hadi Mei 2026, ongezeko la asili lilikuwa watu 8,287: watoto 10,261 walizaliwa na watu 1,974 walifariki. Salio la uhamiaji lilikuwa chanya kwa watu 5,783, wakiwemo 5,687 waliotokana na uhamiaji wa ndani.<ref name="stat2026"/> === Makundi ya kikabila === Shymkent ni jiji la makabila mengi. Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, makundi makubwa zaidi ya kikabila yalikuwa:<ref name="ethnos2026"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Kundi la kikabila ! Idadi ya watu ! Asilimia |- | Wakazakhi | 929,724 | 71.85 |- | Wauzbeki | 203,098 | 15.69 |- | Warusi | 74,404 | 5.75 |- | Waazeri | 23,814 | 1.84 |- | Watatari | 11,346 | 0.88 |- | Wengine | 51,664 | 3.99 |} Lugha ya taifa ni [[Kikazakhi]]. Katika taasisi za serikali na vyombo vya serikali za mitaa, [[Kirusi]] hutumiwa rasmi sambamba na Kikazakhi kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kazakhstan. [[Kiuzbeki]] pia hutumiwa katika maisha ya kila siku na sehemu kubwa ya wakazi. == Uchumi == Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa vya viwanda na biashara nchini Kazakhstan. Viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara ya jumla na rejareja, ujenzi, usafiri, uhifadhi na huduma nyingine vina nafasi muhimu katika muundo wa uchumi wake. Kuanzia Januari hadi Machi 2026, pato la jumla la kieneo lilikuwa trilioni 1.352 za tenge; ukuaji halisi ikilinganishwa na kipindi kama hicho cha mwaka 2025 ulikuwa asilimia 8.9. Huduma zilichangia asilimia 61.6 ya pato hilo na uzalishaji wa bidhaa asilimia 30.1.<ref name="stat2026"/> Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, thamani ya uzalishaji wa viwandani ilikuwa bilioni 817.46 za tenge, ikiwa ongezeko la asilimia 11 kwa mwaka. Uzalishaji katika viwanda vya uzalishaji uliongezeka kwa asilimia 9.6. Thamani ya kazi za ujenzi ilifikia bilioni 136.26 za tenge, na eneo la nyumba mpya zilizokamilishwa lilikuwa m² 558,600. Mauzo ya rejareja yalifikia bilioni 628.47 za tenge. Uwekezaji katika rasilimali za kudumu ulikuwa bilioni 308.38 za tenge.<ref name="stat2026"/> Sekta za jadi ni pamoja na usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na vinywaji, nguo na mavazi, utengenezaji wa mashine, metali na vifaa vya ujenzi. Jiji lina Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent, viwanda vya dawa, pamoja na viwanda vya saruji, chakula na bidhaa za viwanda vyepesi. Eneo Maalumu la Kiuchumi la “Ontustik”, maeneo ya viwanda na miundombinu ya usafiri na lojistiki vinaendelea kuendelezwa. Tarehe 1 Julai 2026, vyombo 29,410 vya kisheria vilikuwa vimesajiliwa Shymkent, na 24,907 kati yake vilikuwa vikifanya kazi; idadi kubwa sana ya vyombo hai viliainishwa kuwa biashara ndogo.<ref name="stat2026"/> == Usafiri == Shymkent ni kitovu kikubwa cha usafiri kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Barabara za kimataifa na baina ya mikoa za Tashkent–Shymkent–Taraz–Almaty na Tashkent–Shymkent–Turkestan–Samara hupitia mjini au karibu sana na jiji. Reli kuu inayounganisha Tashkent, Arys, Taraz na Almaty pia hupitia eneo hilo.<ref name="development"/> === Usafiri wa mjini === Mabasi ndiyo msingi wa usafiri wa umma. Kupanuliwa kwa eneo la jiji baada ya mwaka 2014 kulisababisha maendeleo ya mtandao wa barabara kuu za mjini na miunganisho ya usafiri na maeneo mapya ya makazi. Nauli hulipwa kwa njia za kielektroniki na kadi za usafiri. === Reli === Kituo cha reli cha Shymkent huhudumia treni za abiria na mizigo kwenye njia ya Tashkent–Arys–Taraz–Almaty. Magharibi mwa jiji kuna kituo kikubwa cha makutano cha Arys I, kinachounganisha njia za kuelekea Turkestan, [[Kyzylorda]] na maeneo ya kaskazini ya Kazakhstan. === Usafiri wa anga === Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Shymkent huhudumia safari za ndani na za kimataifa na ni kituo kikuu cha shirika la ndege la SCAT Airlines. Terminali mpya ya abiria ilifunguliwa tarehe 25 Desemba 2024. Ina eneo la m² 40,000, na uwezo uliokadiriwa wa uwanja wa ndege uliongezeka kutoka abiria 800,000 hadi milioni 6 kwa mwaka baada ya jengo hilo kuanza kutumika.<ref name="airporthub">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru |title=Viwanja vya ndege vya Astana, Almaty, Shymkent na Aktobe vitakuwa vituo vya kimataifa vya usafiri wa njia mbalimbali |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Mwaka 2025, safari za moja kwa moja za kimataifa zilifunguliwa kutoka Shymkent kwenda majiji kadhaa ya Ulaya, Asia ya Mashariki na Mashariki ya Kati. Mipango ya maendeleo ya uwanja wa ndege inajumuisha ujenzi wa njia mpya ya kurukia na kutua yenye urefu wa km 3.5 na kuanzishwa kwa kitovu cha usafiri na lojistiki cha aina mbalimbali.<ref name="airroutes">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru |title=Kitovu kipya cha anga: safari za moja kwa moja kutoka Shymkent kwenda Ulaya na Asia zimefunguliwa |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref><ref name="airporthub"/> == Elimu na sayansi == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha elimu kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina taasisi za elimu ya awali, elimu ya msingi na sekondari, elimu ya ufundi na kitaaluma, elimu ya juu na elimu ya baada ya shahada. Takwimu rasmi za eneo huchapisha viashiria tofauti kuhusu idadi ya vyuo vikuu, wanafunzi, wanafunzi wa uzamili na udaktari, wahadhiri na taasisi zinazofanya utafiti na maendeleo.<ref name="educationstats">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ |title=Mfululizo wa takwimu: elimu, sayansi na ubunifu katika jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vyuo vikuu vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na: * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov]], chuo kikuu cha fani nyingi chenye hadhi ya chuo cha utafiti;<ref name="auezov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Mukhtar Auezov |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * [[Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini]], inayofundisha wataalamu wa tiba na famasia;<ref name="skma">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://skma.edu.kz/ |title=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |publisher=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov]], kinachobobea katika mafunzo ya walimu.<ref name="zhanibekov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov |publisher=Zhanibekov University |language=kk |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Pia kuna Chuo Kikuu cha Shymkent, Chuo Kikuu cha Miras, Chuo Kikuu Bunifu cha Asia ya Kati na taasisi nyingine za elimu ya juu. Mwaka 2026, maandalizi ya mradi wa kuanzisha Chuo Kikuu tofauti cha Utamaduni na Sanaa kwa msingi wa kitivo husika cha Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov yaliendelea.<ref name="cultureuni">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utamaduni na Sanaa na Ukumbi mpya wa Opera na Baleti: miradi miwili mikubwa itatekelezwa Shymkent |publisher=Wizara ya Utamaduni na Habari ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Afya == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha huduma za afya kwa maeneo ya kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina hospitali na kliniki za fani nyingi, vituo vya uzazi, uchunguzi, moyo, saratani na magonjwa ya kuambukiza, vituo vya huduma za dharura, kliniki binafsi na maabara za tiba. Elimu ya tiba na utaalamu wa famasia wa jiji vinahusishwa na Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini na viwanda vya dawa. == Utamaduni == Jiji lina vikundi vya maigizo vya Kikazakhi, Kirusi na Kiuzbeki, makumbusho, maktaba, mashirika ya matamasha, maeneo ya maonyesho, sarakasi na vyama vya ubunifu. Majumba makuu ya tamthilia ni Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kitaaluma wa Kikazakhi wa Zhumat Shanin, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kirusi, Ukumbi wa Opera na Baleti, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kiuzbeki na ukumbi wa jiji wa vikaragosi na watazamaji vijana. Mtandao wa makumbusho unajumuisha makusanyo ya historia ya eneo na sanaa, Makumbusho ya Waathiriwa wa Ukandamizaji wa Kisiasa, Makumbusho ya Mila na Desturi, pamoja na maonyesho ya kituo cha kihistoria na kiutamaduni cha “Shymqala”. Mwaka 2020, Shymkent ilishiriki katika mpango baina ya nchi wa “Miji Mikuu ya Utamaduni ya Jumuiya ya Madola” kama mji mkuu wa utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru. Mwaka huohuo, kumbukumbu ya miaka 2,200 ya jiji iliadhimishwa na kujumuishwa katika kalenda ya maadhimisho ya [[UNESCO]].<ref name="cisculture">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ |title=Shymkent yazindua mpango “Mji Mkuu wa Utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola – 2020” |date=2020-06-20 |publisher=Mfuko wa Ushirikiano wa Kibinadamu wa Nchi Wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Vivutio na utalii == Kivutio kikuu cha kihistoria cha jiji ni kituo cha “Shymqala”, kilichoanzishwa katika eneo la makazi ya kale na ngome ya zamani ya Kokand. Kinajumuisha maeneo ya kiakiolojia, sehemu za ulinzi zilizojengwa upya, maeneo ya makumbusho na majukwaa ya kutazamia mandhari.<ref name="archaeology"/> Vivutio na maeneo ya umma yanayojulikana ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Ordabasy, mnara wa “Zher-Ana”, Hifadhi ya Uhuru, mnara wa Baidibek-bi, Hifadhi ya Abay, Bustani ya Miti ya Asanbay Askarov, Bustani ya Wanyama ya Shymkent, Arbat, chemchemi na njia ya matembezi kando ya Koshkarata, misikiti, makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi na majengo ya kihistoria yaliyohifadhiwa. Shymkent ni mahali pa kuanzia safari kwenda Sayram, Mbuga ya Taifa ya Sayram-Ugam, Hifadhi ya Asili ya Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkestan, Otrar na maeneo mengine ya asili, historia na utamaduni kusini mwa Kazakhstan. == Usanifu na mipango miji == Muundo wa jiji unachanganya kituo cha kihistoria kinachozunguka ngome na mitaa ya zamani ya biashara, maeneo ya makazi ya kipindi cha Kisovyeti na vitongoji vipya vya majengo ya ghorofa nyingi. Baada ya kupanuliwa kwa mipaka ya kiutawala mwaka 2014, sehemu kubwa ya ujenzi wa nyumba na miundombinu ilihamia kaskazini, magharibi na kaskazini-magharibi mwa jiji. Maeneo ya makazi na biashara ya Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay na mengine yanaendelea kuendelezwa. Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, m² 558,600 za nyumba mpya zilikamilishwa mjini, zikiwemo m² 445,000 katika majengo ya ghorofa yenye nyumba nyingi.<ref name="stat2026"/> Maendeleo ya mipango miji yanaambatana na ujenzi wa barabara mpya, mitandao ya huduma za uhandisi, shule, vituo vya afya na majengo ya utamaduni. == Michezo == Michezo iliyoendelea vizuri Shymkent ni pamoja na kandanda, ndondi, mieleka, kunyanyua uzani, mazoezi ya viungo, tenisi, kuogelea na mbio za baiskeli. Klabu kuu ya kandanda ya wanaume ni FC Ordabasy, iliyoshinda ubingwa wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2023.<ref name="ordabasy2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ |title=Ordabasy yashinda ubingwa wa kandanda wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza |date=2023-10-23 |publisher=Orda.kz |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Klabu ya wanawake ya BIIK Shymkent imeshinda ubingwa wa nchi mara kadhaa na kushiriki mashindano ya vilabu vya Ulaya.<ref name="biik2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 |title=BIIK-Shymkent ni bingwa wa Kazakhstan wa 2023 kwa timu za wanawake |publisher=Shirikisho la Kandanda la Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vituo vikuu vya michezo ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Kati wa Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kituo cha riadha, majumba ya michezo, vituo vya tenisi na mabwawa ya kuogelea. == Mazingira na maeneo ya kijani == Ajenda ya mazingira ya jiji inahusu kupunguza uzalishaji wa hewa chafu kutoka viwandani na usafiri, kuboresha miundombinu ya huduma za umma, kutibu maji taka, kusimamia taka ngumu za nyumbani na kuhifadhi maeneo ya kijani. Mipango ya maendeleo ya jiji inajumuisha upanuzi wa matumizi ya gesi, uboreshaji wa usafiri wa umma, ukarabati wa mikondo ya mito na mifereji, upandaji miti na upanuzi wa ukanda wa kijani.<ref name="development"/> Mfumo wa chemchemi wa Koshkarata na Karasu, bonde la Badam, bustani ya miti na ukanda wa kijani wenye eneo la zaidi ya hekta 5,300 vina umuhimu maalumu wa kiasili na burudani.<ref name="development"/> == Tazama pia == * [[Miji ya Kazakhstan]] * [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] * [[Historia ya Kazakhstan]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Kujisomea == * Bartold, V. V. ''Kazi zilizokusanywa. Juzuu ya III: Kazi kuhusu jiografia ya kihistoria''. Moscow: Nauka, 1965. {{ru}} * Baipakov, K. M. ''Miji ya Enzi za Kati ya Kazakhstan kwenye Njia ya Hariri''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Mkusanyo wa makaburi ya historia na utamaduni wa Kazakhstan: Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Nyenzo za utafiti wa kiakiolojia wa makazi ya kale ya Shymkent''. Shymkent. {{ru}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi ya Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent] * [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Takwimu rasmi za jiji la Shymkent] * [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya utalii ya Visit Shymkent] * [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Tovuti ya uwekezaji ya jiji la Shymkent] * {{commons cat|Shymkent}} [[Jamii:Shymkent| ]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Miji yenye wakazi zaidi ya milioni moja]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Njia ya Hariri]] dy3jtig16fhhvtnsaurjt45izel6zgg 1582404 1582403 2026-07-30T03:56:17Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 /* Elimu na sayansi */ 1582404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Shymkent |jina_lingine = {{lang-kk|Шымкент}} |aina_ya_makazi = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |picha_ya_makazi = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Mwonekano wa sehemu ya kati ya Shymkent |picha_ya_bendera = Shymkent flag.svg |ukubwa_ya_bendera = 100px |picha_ya_nembo = Shymkent logo.svg |ukubwa_ya_nembo = 90px |picha_ya_ramani = Shymkent in Kazakhstan.svg |maelezo_ya_ramani = Mahali pa Shymkent nchini Kazakhstan |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Nchi]] |jina_la_serikali = [[Kazakhstan]] |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = Hadhi |jina_la_serikali1 = Jiji lenye hadhi ya kitaifa |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = Mgawanyo wa ndani |jina_la_serikali2 = Wilaya 5 za kiutawala |aina_ya_serikali = Utawala wa jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Akim |jina_la_kiongozi = Gabit Syzdykbekov |marejeleo_ya_serikali = <ref name="akimat">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru |title=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Jukwaa la pamoja la rasilimali za mtandao za taasisi za serikali za Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |established_title = Kutajwa kwa mara ya kwanza |established_date = Karne ya 15 (kuhusiana na matukio ya 1365–1366) |established_title2 = Majina ya zamani |established_date2 = Chimkent; Chernyaev (1914–1924) |area_total_km2 = 1163 |marejeleo_ya_eneo = <ref name="development">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru |title=Mpango wa maendeleo wa jiji la Shymkent wa miaka 2021–2025 |date=2023-12-21 |publisher=Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1308120 |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 1 Juni 2026 |marejeo_ya_wakazi = <ref name="population2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan tarehe 1 Juni 2026 |date=2026-07-01 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> |mtawanyiko_wa_watu = 1125 |kanda_muda = [[UTC+05:00|UTC+5]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +5 |msimbo_posta = 160000 |kodi_ya_simu = +7 7252 |blank_name = Msimbo wa magari |blank_info = 17 |blank1_name = Msimbo wa KATO |blank1_info = 511010000 |blank2_name = Eneo la mji mkuu |blank2_info = [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] |tovuti = [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi] |majiranukta = {{coord|42|19|0|N|69|36|0|E|region:KZ|display=inline}} }} '''Shymkent''' ({{lang-kk|Шымкент}}; hadi mwaka 1992 tahajia rasmi iliyotumiwa katika lugha ya Kirusi ilikuwa '''Chimkent''') ni jiji lililoko kusini mwa [[Kazakhstan]]. Ni mojawapo ya majiji matatu yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini humo, pamoja na [[Astana]] na [[Almaty]]. Shymkent ni kitengo huru cha kiutawala na kimaeneo na si sehemu ya Mkoa wa Turkestan unaolizunguka. Jiji lilipewa hadhi ya kitaifa tarehe 19 Juni 2018.<ref name="decree2018">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan |title=Kuhusu baadhi ya masuala ya mpangilio wa kiutawala na kimaeneo wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=2018-06-19 |publisher=Tovuti rasmi ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 1 Juni 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,308,120 na ilikuwa jiji la tatu kwa idadi ya watu nchini Kazakhstan, baada ya Almaty na Astana.<ref name="population2026"/> Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa zaidi vya viwanda, biashara, usafiri, elimu na utamaduni kusini mwa nchi. Uchumi wake unategemea hasa viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara, ujenzi, usafiri na huduma; usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na utengenezaji wa vifaa vya ujenzi pia vina umuhimu mkubwa.<ref name="stat2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: muhtasari wa maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya eneo |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Utafiti wa kiakiolojia katika makazi ya kale yaliyoko kwenye kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji umebaini matabaka ya kitamaduni yenye unene wa jumla wa hadi mita 14. Vyombo vya udongo kutoka tabaka za chini vinaanzia mwishoni mwa karne ya 3 hadi mwanzoni mwa karne ya 2 KK. Kwa msingi huo, umri wa makazi ya mjini unakadiriwa kuwa angalau miaka 2,200.<ref name="archaeology">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru |title=Makazi ya kale ya Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Hata hivyo, tarehe ya kiakiolojia ya makazi hayo si sawa na tarehe ya kutajwa kwa jina lake kwa mara ya kwanza katika maandishi. Jina hilo linajulikana kupitia kitabu cha ''Zafar-name'' cha Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi, kilichoandikwa katika karne ya 15 na kuelezea matukio ya miaka 1365–1366.<ref name="zafar">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru |title=Sababu saba za kutembelea Shymkent |publisher=Idara ya Utalii, Uhusiano wa Nje na Tasnia Bunifu ya jiji la Shymkent |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jina == Maelezo yaliyoenea zaidi yanaunganisha jina la jiji na vipashio ''chim'' au ''shym'', vyenye maana ya “udongo wenye nyasi”, “nyasi”, “mbuga” au “eneo la kijani”, na ''kent'', lenye maana ya “jiji” au “makazi”. Kwa ufafanuzi huo, jina linaweza kumaanisha “jiji la kijani”, “jiji lililo katikati ya mbuga” au “jiji linalochanua”. Kiambishi ''-kent'', kinachotokana na utamaduni wa kale wa Kiirani wa kutaja maeneo, kinapatikana katika majina mengi ya makazi ya [[Asia ya Kati]], yakiwemo [[Tashkent]], Zharkent na Mankent.<ref name="investintro">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ |title=Jiji la Shymkent: taarifa za jumla |publisher=Kampuni ya Taifa ya Kazakh Invest |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika vyanzo vya Kirusi vya karne ya 19 na ya 20, tahajia '''Chimkent''' ndiyo iliyotumika. Mwaka 1914 jiji lilibadilishwa jina kuwa '''Chernyaev''' kwa heshima ya jenerali Mikhail Chernyaev, aliyeongoza wanajeshi wa Urusi wakati wa kuliteka jiji mwaka 1864. Jina la awali lilirejeshwa mwaka 1924. Kwa azimio la Urais wa Baraza Kuu la Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan la tarehe 8 Septemba 1992, unukuzi wa Kirusi wa jina hilo ulisanifishwa kuwa '''Shymkent'''.<ref name="rename1992">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ |title=Kuhusu kubadilisha majina na kusanifisha unukuzi wa Kirusi wa majina ya baadhi ya vitengo vya kiutawala na kimaeneo vya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |date=1992-09-08 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Historia == === Zama za kale na Enzi za Kati === Eneo la Shymkent ya sasa limekaliwa tangu nyakati za kale sana. Makazi ya kale yako katika kituo cha kihistoria cha jiji na yana ukubwa wa takriban hekta 4.5. Uchimbaji uliofanywa, pamoja na wataalamu wa Taasisi ya Akiolojia ya A. H. Margulan na Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov, ulibaini mfululizo wa matabaka ya kitamaduni ya zama za kale, Enzi za Kati za awali na Enzi za Kati za baadaye.<ref name="archaeology"/> Ukuaji wa makazi hayo ulihusishwa na mahali pake katika eneo la vilima vya chini vya [[Tian Shan]] ya Magharibi, kwenye njia zilizounganisha bonde la Syr Darya, oasisi za Mawarannahr na maeneo ya nyika ya Kazakhstan. Karibu na hapo kulikuwa na Sayram, iliyojulikana kwa waandishi wa Enzi za Kati kama Ispidjab na iliyokuwa kituo kikubwa kwenye njia za Njia ya Hariri. Jina la Shymkent limetajwa katika ''Zafar-name'' ya Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi katika maelezo ya matukio ya miaka 1365–1366. Katika vipindi tofauti, jiji na mazingira yake yalikuwa chini ya ushawishi wa dola mbalimbali za Asia ya Kati, zikiwemo milki za Watimuri na Khanati ya Kazakh. Katika karne ya 17 na ya 18, eneo hilo liliathiriwa na vita kati ya Wakazakhi na Wadzungar; mwishoni mwa karne ya 18 na katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne ya 19, Khanati ya Kokand na Emirati ya Bukhara zilishindania majiji ya Kazakhstan Kusini. === Khanati ya Kokand na Dola la Urusi === Mwanzoni mwa karne ya 19, Shymkent iliingizwa katika Khanati ya Kokand. Karibu mwaka 1810, jiji liligeuzwa kuwa kituo cha kijeshi na kiutawala kilichoimarishwa. Ngome yake ilikuwa kwenye sehemu iliyoinuka katikati ya makazi na ilidhibiti barabara kati ya Tashkent, Turkestan na maeneo ya vilima vya chini. Mnamo Septemba 1864, Chimkent ilitekwa na jeshi la Urusi. Baadaye jiji likawa makao ya wilaya katika Mkoa wa Syr Darya wa [[Gavana-Jenerali wa Turkestan]].<ref name="history1864">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf |title=Watafiti wa Urusi kuhusu jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov |format=PDF |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Kabla ya Mapinduzi ya Urusi, uchumi wa jiji ulitegemea biashara, ufundi na usindikaji wa malighafi za kilimo. Katika miaka ya 1880, kiwanda cha kutengeneza santonini kutokana na mmea wa ''Artemisia cina'' kilianzishwa; kiwanda hicho kilikuwa mtangulizi wa tasnia ya kisasa ya dawa ya Shymkent. Ujenzi wa reli mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 uliimarisha umuhimu wa jiji kama kituo cha biashara na usafiri. === Kipindi cha Kisovyeti === Baada ya kuanzishwa kwa utawala wa Kisovyeti, jiji liliingia kwa nyakati tofauti katika Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa ya Kiturkestan, Jamhuri ya Kisovyeti ya Kijamaa inayojiendesha ya Kazakh na Jamhuri ya Kijamaa ya Kisovyeti ya Kikazakhi. Mwaka 1924, jiji la Chernyaev lilirudishiwa jina Chimkent. Mwaka 1932 likawa kituo cha kiutawala cha Mkoa mpya wa Kazakhstan Kusini.<ref name="museumhistory">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 |title=Historia ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini tangu mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 |publisher=Makumbusho ya Historia na Maarifa ya Eneo ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Katika kipindi cha ujenzi wa viwanda, viwanda vya metali zisizo na chuma, kemikali na dawa, mafuta na vyakula, nguo na mavazi vilijengwa au kupanuliwa mjini. Kiwanda cha risasi cha Chimkent na kiwanda cha kemikali na dawa vilikuwa miongoni mwa viwanda vikubwa zaidi. Wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Uzalendo, viwanda na taasisi kutoka maeneo ya magharibi ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti zilihamishiwa Chimkent; jiji likawa mojawapo ya vituo vya viwanda vya sehemu ya nyuma ya mstari wa mbele. Katika miongo ya baada ya vita, idadi ya watu na eneo la Chimkent vilikua kwa kasi. Maeneo mapya ya makazi, viwanda vya utengenezaji wa mashine na vifaa vya ujenzi, pamoja na taasisi za elimu na afya vilijengwa. Katika miaka ya 1980, Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent kilianza kufanya kazi. === Kazakhstan huru === Baada ya Kazakhstan kutangaza uhuru, Shymkent iliendelea kuwa kituo kikubwa zaidi cha uchumi kusini mwa nchi. Mwaka 1992, tahajia rasmi ya Kirusi ya jina la jiji ilibadilishwa kutoka Chimkent kuwa Shymkent.<ref name="rename1992"/> Mwaka 2014, mipaka ya kiutawala ya jiji ilipanuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuingiza ardhi na makazi kutoka wilaya jirani. Mwaka huohuo, wilaya ya nne ya jiji iliundwa na baadaye ikapewa jina la Karatau.<ref name="district2014">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya ya nne na kuwekwa kwa mipaka ya wilaya za jiji la Shymkent |date=2014-10-07 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Juni 2018, Shymkent iliwekwa katika kundi la majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa. Makao ya Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini yalihamishwa hadi [[Turkestan]], na mkoa huo ukaitwa Mkoa wa Turkestan.<ref name="decree2018"/> Mwaka 2022, wilaya ya tano ya kiutawala, Turan, iliundwa.<ref name="turan2022">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 |title=Kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa wilaya mpya katika jiji la Shymkent na kuipa jina “Turan” |date=2022-08-12 |publisher=Mfumo wa taarifa za kisheria “Adilet” |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Jiografia == === Mahali === Shymkent iko kusini mwa Kazakhstan, kwenye tambarare ya vilima vya chini vya sehemu ya magharibi ya Tian Shan, karibu kiasi na mpaka wa [[Uzbekistan]]. Jiji liko kwenye njia ya kihistoria na ya kisasa ya usafiri inayounganisha Tashkent, Turkestan, Taraz na Almaty. Eneo lake la kiutawala lina ukubwa wa hekta 116,300, sawa na km² 1,163.<ref name="development"/> Mito mikuu ni Badam na Koshkarata pamoja na tawi lake la Karasu. Jiji lina mifereji tisa yenye urefu wa jumla wa takriban km 91, ikiwemo Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu na Koshkarata. Eneo la mfuko wa misitu wa serikali na ukanda wa kijani lina ukubwa wa hekta 5,332.7.<ref name="development"/> === Hali ya hewa === Shymkent ina hali ya hewa ya bara, yenye majira ya joto marefu na yenye joto kali pamoja na majira ya baridi ambayo ni laini kwa kulinganisha na sehemu nyingi za Kazakhstan. Mvua nyingi kwa kawaida hunyesha katika nusu baridi ya mwaka na wakati wa masika, ilhali majira ya joto huwa makavu kwa kiasi kikubwa. Viwango vya hali ya hewa vya jiji huhesabiwa na Kazhydromet kwa kipindi cha miaka 1991–2020.<ref name="climate">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent |title=Tabia za hali ya hewa za Shymkent |publisher=Kazhydromet |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Mgawanyo wa kiutawala == Shymkent imegawanywa katika wilaya tano za kiutawala: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau na Turan.<ref name="akimat"/> Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, idadi ya wakazi wa wilaya hizo ilikuwa kama ifuatavyo:<ref name="ethnos2026">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ |title=Idadi ya watu wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan kwa makundi mahususi ya kikabila mwanzoni mwa 2026, karatasi “Jiji la Shymkent” |date=2026-03-27 |format=XLSX |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Wilaya ! Wakazi mwanzoni mwa 2026 |- | Abay | 259,325 |- | Al-Farabi | 262,566 |- | Enbekshi | 206,679 |- | Karatau | 334,139 |- | Turan | 231,341 |} Mkuu wa mamlaka ya utendaji ya jiji huitwa akim. Gabit Abdimazhitovich Syzdykbekov ndiye akim wa Shymkent.<ref name="akimat"/> == Wakazi == Mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, Shymkent ilikuwa na wakazi 1,294,050; kufikia tarehe 1 Juni 2026 idadi hiyo ilikuwa imeongezeka hadi 1,308,120.<ref name="ethnos2026"/><ref name="population2026"/> Kwa eneo la km² 1,163, msongamano wa watu ulikuwa takriban wakazi 1,125 kwa km². Kuanzia Januari hadi Mei 2026, ongezeko la asili lilikuwa watu 8,287: watoto 10,261 walizaliwa na watu 1,974 walifariki. Salio la uhamiaji lilikuwa chanya kwa watu 5,783, wakiwemo 5,687 waliotokana na uhamiaji wa ndani.<ref name="stat2026"/> === Makundi ya kikabila === Shymkent ni jiji la makabila mengi. Kwa mujibu wa makadirio yaliyosahihishwa ya Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2026, makundi makubwa zaidi ya kikabila yalikuwa:<ref name="ethnos2026"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Kundi la kikabila ! Idadi ya watu ! Asilimia |- | Wakazakhi | 929,724 | 71.85 |- | Wauzbeki | 203,098 | 15.69 |- | Warusi | 74,404 | 5.75 |- | Waazeri | 23,814 | 1.84 |- | Watatari | 11,346 | 0.88 |- | Wengine | 51,664 | 3.99 |} Lugha ya taifa ni [[Kikazakhi]]. Katika taasisi za serikali na vyombo vya serikali za mitaa, [[Kirusi]] hutumiwa rasmi sambamba na Kikazakhi kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kazakhstan. [[Kiuzbeki]] pia hutumiwa katika maisha ya kila siku na sehemu kubwa ya wakazi. == Uchumi == Shymkent ni mojawapo ya vituo vikubwa vya viwanda na biashara nchini Kazakhstan. Viwanda vya uzalishaji, biashara ya jumla na rejareja, ujenzi, usafiri, uhifadhi na huduma nyingine vina nafasi muhimu katika muundo wa uchumi wake. Kuanzia Januari hadi Machi 2026, pato la jumla la kieneo lilikuwa trilioni 1.352 za tenge; ukuaji halisi ikilinganishwa na kipindi kama hicho cha mwaka 2025 ulikuwa asilimia 8.9. Huduma zilichangia asilimia 61.6 ya pato hilo na uzalishaji wa bidhaa asilimia 30.1.<ref name="stat2026"/> Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, thamani ya uzalishaji wa viwandani ilikuwa bilioni 817.46 za tenge, ikiwa ongezeko la asilimia 11 kwa mwaka. Uzalishaji katika viwanda vya uzalishaji uliongezeka kwa asilimia 9.6. Thamani ya kazi za ujenzi ilifikia bilioni 136.26 za tenge, na eneo la nyumba mpya zilizokamilishwa lilikuwa m² 558,600. Mauzo ya rejareja yalifikia bilioni 628.47 za tenge. Uwekezaji katika rasilimali za kudumu ulikuwa bilioni 308.38 za tenge.<ref name="stat2026"/> Sekta za jadi ni pamoja na usafishaji wa mafuta, utengenezaji wa dawa, uzalishaji wa vyakula na vinywaji, nguo na mavazi, utengenezaji wa mashine, metali na vifaa vya ujenzi. Jiji lina Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Mafuta cha Shymkent, viwanda vya dawa, pamoja na viwanda vya saruji, chakula na bidhaa za viwanda vyepesi. Eneo Maalumu la Kiuchumi la “Ontustik”, maeneo ya viwanda na miundombinu ya usafiri na lojistiki vinaendelea kuendelezwa. Tarehe 1 Julai 2026, vyombo 29,410 vya kisheria vilikuwa vimesajiliwa Shymkent, na 24,907 kati yake vilikuwa vikifanya kazi; idadi kubwa sana ya vyombo hai viliainishwa kuwa biashara ndogo.<ref name="stat2026"/> == Usafiri == Shymkent ni kitovu kikubwa cha usafiri kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Barabara za kimataifa na baina ya mikoa za Tashkent–Shymkent–Taraz–Almaty na Tashkent–Shymkent–Turkestan–Samara hupitia mjini au karibu sana na jiji. Reli kuu inayounganisha Tashkent, Arys, Taraz na Almaty pia hupitia eneo hilo.<ref name="development"/> === Usafiri wa mjini === Mabasi ndiyo msingi wa usafiri wa umma. Kupanuliwa kwa eneo la jiji baada ya mwaka 2014 kulisababisha maendeleo ya mtandao wa barabara kuu za mjini na miunganisho ya usafiri na maeneo mapya ya makazi. Nauli hulipwa kwa njia za kielektroniki na kadi za usafiri. === Reli === Kituo cha reli cha Shymkent huhudumia treni za abiria na mizigo kwenye njia ya Tashkent–Arys–Taraz–Almaty. Magharibi mwa jiji kuna kituo kikubwa cha makutano cha Arys I, kinachounganisha njia za kuelekea Turkestan, [[Kyzylorda]] na maeneo ya kaskazini ya Kazakhstan. === Usafiri wa anga === Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Shymkent huhudumia safari za ndani na za kimataifa na ni kituo kikuu cha shirika la ndege la SCAT Airlines. Terminali mpya ya abiria ilifunguliwa tarehe 25 Desemba 2024. Ina eneo la m² 40,000, na uwezo uliokadiriwa wa uwanja wa ndege uliongezeka kutoka abiria 800,000 hadi milioni 6 kwa mwaka baada ya jengo hilo kuanza kutumika.<ref name="airporthub">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru |title=Viwanja vya ndege vya Astana, Almaty, Shymkent na Aktobe vitakuwa vituo vya kimataifa vya usafiri wa njia mbalimbali |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Mwaka 2025, safari za moja kwa moja za kimataifa zilifunguliwa kutoka Shymkent kwenda majiji kadhaa ya Ulaya, Asia ya Mashariki na Mashariki ya Kati. Mipango ya maendeleo ya uwanja wa ndege inajumuisha ujenzi wa njia mpya ya kurukia na kutua yenye urefu wa km 3.5 na kuanzishwa kwa kitovu cha usafiri na lojistiki cha aina mbalimbali.<ref name="airroutes">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru |title=Kitovu kipya cha anga: safari za moja kwa moja kutoka Shymkent kwenda Ulaya na Asia zimefunguliwa |publisher=Wizara ya Usafiri ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref><ref name="airporthub"/> == Elimu na sayansi == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha elimu kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina taasisi za elimu ya awali, elimu ya msingi na sekondari, elimu ya ufundi na kitaaluma, elimu ya juu na elimu ya baada ya shahada. Takwimu rasmi za eneo huchapisha viashiria tofauti kuhusu idadi ya vyuo vikuu, wanafunzi, wanafunzi wa uzamili na udaktari, wahadhiri na taasisi zinazofanya utafiti na maendeleo.<ref name="educationstats">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ |title=Mfululizo wa takwimu: elimu, sayansi na ubunifu katika jiji la Shymkent |publisher=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu ya Wakala wa Mipango ya Kimkakati na Mageuzi wa Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vyuo vikuu vikubwa zaidi ni pamoja na: * Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha M. O. Auezov, chuo kikuu cha fani nyingi chenye hadhi ya chuo cha utafiti;<ref name="auezov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Mukhtar Auezov |publisher=Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini, inayofundisha wataalamu wa tiba na famasia;<ref name="skma">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://skma.edu.kz/ |title=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |publisher=Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> * Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov, kinachobobea katika mafunzo ya walimu.<ref name="zhanibekov">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Ualimu cha Kazakhstan Kusini cha Ozbekali Zhanibekov |publisher=Zhanibekov University |language=kk |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Pia kuna Chuo Kikuu cha Shymkent, Chuo Kikuu cha Miras, Chuo Kikuu Bunifu cha Asia ya Kati na taasisi nyingine za elimu ya juu. Mwaka 2026, maandalizi ya mradi wa kuanzisha Chuo Kikuu tofauti cha Utamaduni na Sanaa kwa msingi wa kitivo husika cha Chuo Kikuu cha M. O. Auezov yaliendelea.<ref name="cultureuni">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru |title=Chuo Kikuu cha Utamaduni na Sanaa na Ukumbi mpya wa Opera na Baleti: miradi miwili mikubwa itatekelezwa Shymkent |publisher=Wizara ya Utamaduni na Habari ya Jamhuri ya Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Afya == Shymkent ni kituo kikubwa cha huduma za afya kwa maeneo ya kusini mwa Kazakhstan. Jiji lina hospitali na kliniki za fani nyingi, vituo vya uzazi, uchunguzi, moyo, saratani na magonjwa ya kuambukiza, vituo vya huduma za dharura, kliniki binafsi na maabara za tiba. Elimu ya tiba na utaalamu wa famasia wa jiji vinahusishwa na Akademia ya Tiba ya Kazakhstan Kusini na viwanda vya dawa. == Utamaduni == Jiji lina vikundi vya maigizo vya Kikazakhi, Kirusi na Kiuzbeki, makumbusho, maktaba, mashirika ya matamasha, maeneo ya maonyesho, sarakasi na vyama vya ubunifu. Majumba makuu ya tamthilia ni Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kitaaluma wa Kikazakhi wa Zhumat Shanin, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kirusi, Ukumbi wa Opera na Baleti, Ukumbi wa Tamthilia wa Kiuzbeki na ukumbi wa jiji wa vikaragosi na watazamaji vijana. Mtandao wa makumbusho unajumuisha makusanyo ya historia ya eneo na sanaa, Makumbusho ya Waathiriwa wa Ukandamizaji wa Kisiasa, Makumbusho ya Mila na Desturi, pamoja na maonyesho ya kituo cha kihistoria na kiutamaduni cha “Shymqala”. Mwaka 2020, Shymkent ilishiriki katika mpango baina ya nchi wa “Miji Mikuu ya Utamaduni ya Jumuiya ya Madola” kama mji mkuu wa utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru. Mwaka huohuo, kumbukumbu ya miaka 2,200 ya jiji iliadhimishwa na kujumuishwa katika kalenda ya maadhimisho ya [[UNESCO]].<ref name="cisculture">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ |title=Shymkent yazindua mpango “Mji Mkuu wa Utamaduni wa Jumuiya ya Madola – 2020” |date=2020-06-20 |publisher=Mfuko wa Ushirikiano wa Kibinadamu wa Nchi Wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Madola Huru |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> == Vivutio na utalii == Kivutio kikuu cha kihistoria cha jiji ni kituo cha “Shymqala”, kilichoanzishwa katika eneo la makazi ya kale na ngome ya zamani ya Kokand. Kinajumuisha maeneo ya kiakiolojia, sehemu za ulinzi zilizojengwa upya, maeneo ya makumbusho na majukwaa ya kutazamia mandhari.<ref name="archaeology"/> Vivutio na maeneo ya umma yanayojulikana ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Ordabasy, mnara wa “Zher-Ana”, Hifadhi ya Uhuru, mnara wa Baidibek-bi, Hifadhi ya Abay, Bustani ya Miti ya Asanbay Askarov, Bustani ya Wanyama ya Shymkent, Arbat, chemchemi na njia ya matembezi kando ya Koshkarata, misikiti, makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi na majengo ya kihistoria yaliyohifadhiwa. Shymkent ni mahali pa kuanzia safari kwenda Sayram, Mbuga ya Taifa ya Sayram-Ugam, Hifadhi ya Asili ya Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkestan, Otrar na maeneo mengine ya asili, historia na utamaduni kusini mwa Kazakhstan. == Usanifu na mipango miji == Muundo wa jiji unachanganya kituo cha kihistoria kinachozunguka ngome na mitaa ya zamani ya biashara, maeneo ya makazi ya kipindi cha Kisovyeti na vitongoji vipya vya majengo ya ghorofa nyingi. Baada ya kupanuliwa kwa mipaka ya kiutawala mwaka 2014, sehemu kubwa ya ujenzi wa nyumba na miundombinu ilihamia kaskazini, magharibi na kaskazini-magharibi mwa jiji. Maeneo ya makazi na biashara ya Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay na mengine yanaendelea kuendelezwa. Kuanzia Januari hadi Juni 2026, m² 558,600 za nyumba mpya zilikamilishwa mjini, zikiwemo m² 445,000 katika majengo ya ghorofa yenye nyumba nyingi.<ref name="stat2026"/> Maendeleo ya mipango miji yanaambatana na ujenzi wa barabara mpya, mitandao ya huduma za uhandisi, shule, vituo vya afya na majengo ya utamaduni. == Michezo == Michezo iliyoendelea vizuri Shymkent ni pamoja na kandanda, ndondi, mieleka, kunyanyua uzani, mazoezi ya viungo, tenisi, kuogelea na mbio za baiskeli. Klabu kuu ya kandanda ya wanaume ni FC Ordabasy, iliyoshinda ubingwa wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2023.<ref name="ordabasy2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ |title=Ordabasy yashinda ubingwa wa kandanda wa Kazakhstan kwa mara ya kwanza |date=2023-10-23 |publisher=Orda.kz |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Klabu ya wanawake ya BIIK Shymkent imeshinda ubingwa wa nchi mara kadhaa na kushiriki mashindano ya vilabu vya Ulaya.<ref name="biik2023">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 |title=BIIK-Shymkent ni bingwa wa Kazakhstan wa 2023 kwa timu za wanawake |publisher=Shirikisho la Kandanda la Kazakhstan |language=ru |accessdate=2026-07-29}}</ref> Vituo vikuu vya michezo ni pamoja na Uwanja wa Kati wa Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kituo cha riadha, majumba ya michezo, vituo vya tenisi na mabwawa ya kuogelea. == Mazingira na maeneo ya kijani == Ajenda ya mazingira ya jiji inahusu kupunguza uzalishaji wa hewa chafu kutoka viwandani na usafiri, kuboresha miundombinu ya huduma za umma, kutibu maji taka, kusimamia taka ngumu za nyumbani na kuhifadhi maeneo ya kijani. Mipango ya maendeleo ya jiji inajumuisha upanuzi wa matumizi ya gesi, uboreshaji wa usafiri wa umma, ukarabati wa mikondo ya mito na mifereji, upandaji miti na upanuzi wa ukanda wa kijani.<ref name="development"/> Mfumo wa chemchemi wa Koshkarata na Karasu, bonde la Badam, bustani ya miti na ukanda wa kijani wenye eneo la zaidi ya hekta 5,300 vina umuhimu maalumu wa kiasili na burudani.<ref name="development"/> == Tazama pia == * [[Miji ya Kazakhstan]] * [[Eneo la mji mkuu wa Shymkent]] * [[Historia ya Kazakhstan]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Kujisomea == * Bartold, V. V. ''Kazi zilizokusanywa. Juzuu ya III: Kazi kuhusu jiografia ya kihistoria''. Moscow: Nauka, 1965. {{ru}} * Baipakov, K. M. ''Miji ya Enzi za Kati ya Kazakhstan kwenye Njia ya Hariri''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Mkusanyo wa makaburi ya historia na utamaduni wa Kazakhstan: Mkoa wa Kazakhstan Kusini''. Almaty. {{ru}} * ''Nyenzo za utafiti wa kiakiolojia wa makazi ya kale ya Shymkent''. Shymkent. {{ru}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Tovuti rasmi ya Akimati ya jiji la Shymkent] * [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Takwimu rasmi za jiji la Shymkent] * [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Tovuti rasmi ya utalii ya Visit Shymkent] * [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Tovuti ya uwekezaji ya jiji la Shymkent] * {{commons cat|Shymkent}} [[Jamii:Shymkent| ]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini Kazakhstan]] [[Jamii:Miji yenye wakazi zaidi ya milioni moja]] [[Jamii:Miji ya Njia ya Hariri]] 062xwrogeybzrc14x9q4e1v895z4r0g Jamii:Shymkent 14 243021 1582405 2026-07-30T03:56:57Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 Created blank page 1582405 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Jamii:Majiji yenye hadhi ya kitaifa nchini Kazakhstan 14 243022 1582406 2026-07-30T03:57:20Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 Created blank page 1582406 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Jamii:Miji yenye wakazi zaidi ya milioni moja 14 243023 1582407 2026-07-30T03:57:54Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 Created blank page 1582407 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Jamii:Miji ya Njia ya Hariri 14 243024 1582408 2026-07-30T03:58:18Z Vyacheslav Nasretdinov 13220 Created blank page 1582408 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 Marta Santos 0 243025 1582421 2026-07-30T05:03:48Z ElimuWiki 91225 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331378027|Marta Santos]]" 1582421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}'''Marta Florença Casimiro dos Santos''' (amezaliwa 25 Desemba 1988, [[Luanda]] ) ni mchezaji wa [[Mpira wa mkono|mpira wa mikono]] kutoka Angola. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/marta-santos-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418085650/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/marta-santos-1.html|archivedate=2020-04-18|title=Marta Santos Bio, Stats, and Results|work=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-17}}</ref> Anacheza katika nafasi ya winga wa kushoto na anachezea klabu ya Petro de Luanda pamoja na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Angola ya mpira wa mikono. Aliiwakilisha Angola katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 huko London. Ameichezea timu ya taifa katika mechi 19 na kufunga mabao 12. Akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Angola, alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2015 iliyofanyika mjini Brazzaville. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marta Santos|url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/santos-marta-1098972/|work=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games|accessdate=29 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731025755/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/santos-marta-1098972/|archivedate=31 July 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ihf.info/files/CompetitionData/140/pdf/ANG.pdf|title=XXI Women's World Championship 2013. Team Roster, Angola|publisher=[[International Handball Federation|IHF]]|accessdate=7 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207234930/http://www.ihf.info/files/CompetitionData/140/pdf/ANG.pdf|archivedate=7 December 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Atlético Petróleos de Luanda Women's Handball}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] sz426ggn0eni9rnnq7elv4icyjy0pr6 1582422 1582421 2026-07-30T05:04:17Z ElimuWiki 91225 1582422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}'''Marta Florença Casimiro dos Santos''' (amezaliwa 25 Desemba 1988, [[Luanda]] ) ni mchezaji wa [[Mpira wa mkono|mpira wa mikono]] kutoka Angola. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/marta-santos-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418085650/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/marta-santos-1.html|archivedate=2020-04-18|title=Marta Santos Bio, Stats, and Results|work=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-10-17}}</ref> Anacheza katika nafasi ya winga wa kushoto na anachezea klabu ya Petro de Luanda pamoja na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Angola ya mpira wa mikono. Aliiwakilisha Angola katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 huko London. Ameichezea timu ya taifa katika mechi 19 na kufunga mabao 12. Akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Angola, alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2015 iliyofanyika mjini Brazzaville. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marta Santos|url=http://www.london2012.com/athlete/santos-marta-1098972/|work=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games|accessdate=29 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731025755/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/santos-marta-1098972/|archivedate=31 July 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ihf.info/files/CompetitionData/140/pdf/ANG.pdf|title=XXI Women's World Championship 2013. Team Roster, Angola|publisher=[[International Handball Federation|IHF]]|accessdate=7 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207234930/http://www.ihf.info/files/CompetitionData/140/pdf/ANG.pdf|archivedate=7 December 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] pakfy20jc4r69vw12opvm83zkxascmh Tadelakt 0 243026 1582432 2026-07-30T07:14:03Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Echantillon Tadelakt-Stéphane Baron.jpg|thumb|Ukuta uliopakwa tadelakt]] [[Faili:Tadelakt-ouarzazate-morocco-1.jpg|thumb|Mchakato wa kuchanganya unga wa plasta, maji na rangi ya njano kwa ajili ya kutengeneza tadelakt katika Riad Dar Rita, Ouarzazate, Moroko]] '''Tadelakt''' (Kiarabu cha Moroko: تدلاكت, ''tadlākt'') ni aina ya plasta isiyopitisha [[maji]] inayotumika katika [[usanifu]] wa [[jadi]] wa [[Moroko]] kutengeneza [[bafu]], [[beseni]], [[vyombo]] vya kuhifadhia [[maji]], kuta za ndani na nje, dari, paa na sakafu. Tadelakt hutengenezwa kwa plasta ya chokaa, ambayo hukandamizwa, hung'arishwa, na hutibiwa kwa [[sabuni]] maalumu ili kuifanya isiweze kupitisha maji na izuie maji kupenya kwenye uso wake. Mbinu hii ya jadi inajulikana kwa kutoa uso laini, unaong'aa na unaodumu, ndiyo sababu imekuwa ikitumika kwa [[karne]] nyingi katika [[majengo]] ya kitamaduni nchini Morocco. == Asili ya jina == Neno Tadelakt, linalomaanisha "kupaka kwa kusugua" au "kusugua ndani", ni [[umbo]] lililoathiriwa na [[lugha]] ya Kiazmazighi kutoka katika [[neno]] la [[Kiarabu]] (tadlīk), ambalo maana yake ni "kusugua" au "kukanda." Jina hili linarejelea mbinu ya utengenezaji wa tadelakt, ambapo plasta ya chokaa husuguliwa na kung'arishwa kwa uangalifu, kisha hutibiwa kwa sabuni maalumu ili kuifanya iwe isiyopitisha [[maji]] na yenye uso laini unaong'aa. == Matumizi == Tadelakt ni mipako ya jadi inayotumika katika (bafu za jadi za umma), mabafu ya kifalme, na (makazi ya jadi yenye ua wa ndani) nchini Morocco. Ukarabati na urejeshaji wa riad nchini Moroko umechangia kufufuka kwa matumizi ya tadelakt, baada ya kuwa yalikuwa yamepungua kwa kipindi fulani. Katika nyakati za kisasa, tadelakt imeanza kutumika pia nje ya Moroko, hasa katika [[usanifu]] wa kisasa wa majengo na mapambo ya ndani. Hutumika kupamba kuta, mabafu, sinki, sakafu, dari na sehemu nyingine za majengo, kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuzuia maji, uimara wake na mwonekano wake laini unaong'aa.<ref>https://www.scientific.net/AMR.688.60</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=KwgQBgAAQBAJ&q=Tadelakt+berber/&pg=PA28&redir_esc=y</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271999881_Hydrophobized_Lime_Plasters_as_Protective_Surface_in_Wet_Rooms_in_Monument_Preservation</ref><ref>https://authenticplasterfx.com/exterior-vancouver-tadelakt-plaster-project-complete/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Ujenzi]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] [[Jamii:Moroko]] c4kighyfdazp40w5fdhstznc3a8etc7 Ken Bugul 0 243027 1582435 2026-07-30T07:41:12Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ken Bugul 20100328 Salon du livre de Paris 2.jpg|thumb|'''Ken Bugul''']] '''Ken Bugul''' (aliyezaliwa [[mwaka]] [[1947]]) ni jina la kalamu la [[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] wa Kisenagali anayeandika kwa lugha ya [[Kifaransa]], Mariètou Mbaye Biléoma. Katika lugha ya Wolof, jina lake la kalamu "Ken Bugul" linamaanisha "mtu asiyetakiwa" au "mtu asiyehitajika." Jina hilo linaakisi baadhi ya mada zinazojitokeza katika [[maandishi]] yake, kama vile kutengwa na [[jamii]], utambulisho, nafasi ya [[mwanamke]], na athari za [[ukoloni]]. == Maisha ya awali == Ken Bugul alizaliwa mwaka 1947 katika kijiji cha Ndoucoumane, nchini [[Senegal]]. Alikulia katika [[familia]] ya wake wengi. Baba yake alikuwa marabout mwenye umri wa [[miaka]] [[85]] wakati alipozaliwa. ''Marabout'' ni kiongozi wa [[dini]] ya [[Kiislamu]], [[mwalimu]] wa dini au mtu anayeheshimika kwa [[elimu]] na mafundisho ya Kiislamu, hasa katika nchi za [[Afrika Magharibi]]. Baada ya kumaliza elimu ya msingi katika kijiji chake alikozaliwa, alisoma katika [[Shule]] ya [[Sekondari]] ya Malick Sy mjini Thiès. Baada ya kukaa kwa mwaka mmoja mjini [[Dakar]], alipata udhamini wa masomo uliomwezesha kuendelea na masomo yake nchini [[Ubelgiji]]. == Kazi == Baadhi ya kazi za fasihi za '''Ken Bugul''' ni: * ''Le Baobab Fou'' ([[1982]]) — (Mbuyu Wazimu). * ''Cendres et braises'' ([[1994]]) — ''Majivu na Makaa ya Moto''. * ''Riwan ou le Chemin de Sable'' ([[1999]]) — ''Riwan, au Njia ya Mchanga''. * ''La Folie et la mort'' ([[2000]]) — ''Wazimu na Kifo''. * ''De l'autre côté du regard'' ([[2002]]) — ''Kutoka Upande wa Pili wa Mtazamo''. * ''Rue Félix-Faure'' ([[2005]]) — ''Mtaa wa Félix-Faure''. * ''La pièce d'or'' ([[2005]]) — ''Sarafu ya Dhahabu''. * ''Mes hommes à moi'' ([[2008]]) — ''Wanaume Wangu''. * ''Aller et Retour'' ([[2014]]) — ''Kwenda na Kurudi''. * ''Cacophonie'' (2014) — ''Mkanganyiko wa Sauti'' au ''Kakofonia''. * ''Le Trio bleu'' ([[2022]]) — ''Watatu wa Samawati'' <ref>https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/KenBugulEng.html</ref><ref>https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/3735/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180516140610/http://www.iun.edu/~minaua/interviews/Azodo_Interview_with_Ken_Bugul.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Senegal]] cm5lkzvizjpi1jshbz5p4hnkcoqc59k Emmanuel Dongala 0 243028 1582440 2026-07-30T08:09:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582440 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Emmanuel Dongala IMG 3239.jpg|thumb|'''Emmanuel Dongala''']] '''Emmanuel Boundzéki Dongala''' (aliyezaliwa [[mwaka]] [[1941]]) ni [[mwanakemia]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] kutoka Jamhuri ya [[Kongo]]. Alizaliwa mwaka 1941 mjini [[Brazzaville]]. Hadi mwaka [[2014]], alikuwa Profesa wa Richard B. Fisher katika [[Sayansi]] za [[Asili]] katika [[Chuo]] cha Bard katika Simon's Rock. Kama mwanakemia, utaalamu wake uko katika maeneo yafuatayo: * Stereokemia – tawi la kemia linalochunguza mpangilio wa atomi katika molekuli katika nafasi ya pande tatu na jinsi mpangilio huo unavyoathiri sifa za dutu. * Usanisi usiolingana – mbinu za kutengeneza misombo ya kikemia yenye mpangilio maalumu wa [[atomi]], hasa katika utengenezaji wa [[dawa]]. * Toksikolojia ya mazingira – [[taaluma]] inayochunguza athari za kemikali na uchafuzi wa [[mazingira]] kwa viumbe hai na mazingira. Dongala pia ni mwandishi wa riwaya kadhaa zilizoshinda tuzo, zikiwemo: * ''Johnny Mad Dog'' (Kifaransa: ''Johnny chien méchant'' – ''Johnny Mbwa Mkali''). * ''Little Boys Come from the Stars'' (''Wavulana Wadogo Wanatoka Nyotani''). == Elimu na kazi == Emmanuel Dongala alisafiri kwenda [[Marekani]] kusomea kemia, ambako alipata [[shahada]] ya kwanza katika Kemia kutoka Chuo cha Oberlin na shahada ya [[uzamili]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers. Baadaye alipata shahada ya [[uzamivu]] katika Kemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Montpellier nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake, alirejea nchini Kongo. , ambako alifundisha kemia ya polima katika Chuo Kikuu cha Marien Ngouabi. == Kazi za fasihi == Kupitia kazi zake za [[fasihi]], Emmanuel Dongala alipanua wasomaji wake kutoka Jamhuri ya Kongo hadi katika makoloni yote ya zamani ya Ufaransa barani [[Afrika]]. Mada zinazojitokeza katika maandishi yake zinahusu: * ukoloni wa Kifaransa na athari zake; * matatizo changamano ya kiuchumi, kijamii na kisiasa yaliyotokana na ukoloni; * changamoto zinazofanana zinazozikumba nchi zinazotumia [[lugha]] ya Kifaransa. Kupitia riwaya zake, Dongala anachunguza [[historia]], utambulisho wa Waafrika, migogoro ya kijamii, [[siasa]] na mabadiliko yanayoikumba jamii za Afrika baada ya ukoloni.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/26860313</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230116082459/https://simons-rock.edu/_documents/sr-2014-spring-magazine.pdf</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131009045350/http://www.lesfrancophonies.com/maison-des-auteurs/dongala-emmanuel#federation=archive.wikiwix.com</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] qfswhzqvnme7s4q02275i99vt015u7j Jacob Egharevba 0 243029 1582444 2026-07-30T08:40:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person|jina=Jacob Uwadiae Egharevba|picha=Jacob Egharevba.jpg|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa=1893|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa=[[Idanre]]|mahala_alipofia=[[Benin City]]|tarehe ya kufa=1980 (aged 86–87) Benin City}} Jacob Uwadiae Egharevba ([[1893]]–[[1980]]) alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] wa [[kabila]] la Bini na chifu wa kimila, ambaye [[maandishi]] yake yalijikita zaidi katika [[historia]] ya [[Ufalme]] wa [[Benin]]. Alijulikana kwa kuhifadhi na kuandika simulizi za kihistoria kuhusu wafalme (Oba), utamaduni, mila na matukio muhimu ya Ufalme wa Benin. == Maisha == ==== Maisha ya awali ==== Jacob Uwadiae Egharevba alizaliwa huko Idanre, [[Jimbo]] la Ondo, [[Nigeria]]. Baba yake alikuwa na uhusiano wa kifamilia na Ohenmwen, ambaye alikuwa Iyase ([[waziri]] mkuu wa jadi) wa Ufalme wa Benin, wakati mama yake, Okunzuwa, alikuwa mjukuu wa Ogie Ezomo I. Baba yake alikuwa mfanyabiashara, lakini alifariki mwaka [[1902]]. Baada ya kifo cha baba yake, Egharevba alitumia sehemu ya utoto wake wa awali akiishi katika makazi ya shangazi yake huko Idanre. [[Elimu]] yake ilikuwa fupi na isiyo endelevu. Mwaka [[1899]], alisoma kwa mwaka mmoja katika [[Shule]] y'''a''' Mtakatifu [[Yakobo]] ya CMS, kisha akawa nje ya shule kwa kipindi fulani kabla ya kuendelea na masomo yake baadaye. == Kazi zake == Kazi maarufu zaidi ya Jacob Uwadiae Egharevba ni [[kitabu]] chake (''A Short History of Benin)'' (''Historia Fupi ya Benin''). Kitabu hicho kilichapishwa katika matoleo mbalimbali, na baadhi ya matoleo hayo yana tofauti kubwa katika aya fulani ikilinganishwa na mengine. Vitabu vyake vilivyoandika na kuhifadhi historia simulizi na utamaduni wa [[Benin]] vilihusisha nyanja mbalimbali za maarifa. Hata hivyo, maudhui yake makuu yalilenga masuala, matukio, taasisi, [[mila]] na desturi, pamoja na watu mashuhuri katika historia ya Ufalme wa Benin. Kupitia maandishi yake, Egharevba alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuhifadhi kumbukumbu za kale za watu wa Bini na historia ya Ufalme wa Benin. == Baadhi ya maandishi yake yaliyochaguliwa == # ''A Short History of Benin'' – ''Historia Fupi ya Benin'' # ''Benin Law and Custom'' – ''Sheria na Mila za Benin'' # ''Concise Lives of the Famous Iyases of Benin'' – ''Maisha Mafupi ya Iyase Maarufu wa Benin'' # ''The Murder of Imaguero and Tragedy of Idah War'' – ''Mauaji ya Imaguero na Janga la Vita vya Idah'' # ''Benin Games and Sports'' – ''Michezo na Shughuli za Kimichezo za Benin'' # ''Some Stories of Ancient Benin'' – ''Baadhi ya Hadithi za Benin ya Kale'' # ''Some Tribal Gods of Southern Nigeria'' – ''Baadhi ya Miungu ya Kikabila ya Kusini mwa Nigeria'' # ''Ozedu-Interpreter'' – ''Ozedu-Mkalimani'' # ''The Origin of Benin'' – ''Asili ya Benin'' <ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/origins-of-the-benin-kingship-in-the-works-of-jacob-egharevba/EB682F2E6B3B487C45965F467AECB4AA</ref><ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/scholarship-of-jacob-egharevba-of-benin/E266635435737813E7FFC5FD6F1D88A6</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Riwaya za Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Nigeria]] fwzh2t807gpsvsnilvqvcwi0zs5ww2q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EACh5555 3 243030 1582447 2026-07-30T08:59:00Z Cabayi 35259 Cabayi alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EACh5555]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AstroBeltCafe]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/EACh5555|EACh5555]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/AstroBeltCafe|AstroBeltCafe]]" 1582447 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AstroBeltCafe]] 6f5yj8gjgcmq003ffplpb01kyxglki3 AK Comics 0 243031 1582448 2026-07-30T09:00:13Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AK Comics''' ni [[kampuni]] ya [[uchapishaji]] wa [[vichekesho]] vya mashujaa yenye makao yake nchini [[Misri]], na ni kampuni ya kwanza kufanya uzalishaji mkubwa wa aina hiyo ya vichekesho katika [[Mashariki]] ya Kati. Kampuni hiyo ilianzishwa na Ayman Kandeel. Dærick Gröss Sr. ndiye mhariri mkuu, Waleed Al-Telbany ni mkurugenzi wa [[sanaa]], Mohie El-Dein Sideiq ni mhariri wa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiarabu]], na Sara Kareem ni mhariri wa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] wa kampuni hiyo. == Muhtasari == Kama ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa kwanza wa ndani wa matoleo mbalimbali ya AK Comics, lengo la kampuni hiyo ni "kuziba pengo la kitamaduni lililojitokeza kwa [[miaka]] mingi kwa kutoa mifano ya kuigwa yenye asili ya Kiarabu; katika hali hii, mashujaa wa Kiarabu, ili wawe chanzo cha fahari kwa vizazi vyetu vya [[vijana]]." == Mashujaa wakuu == Kuna mashujaa wanne wakuu katika AK Comics: # Zein Ni [[profesa]] wa [[falsafa]] na mtu wa mwisho kutoka katika [[ukoo]] wa kale wa mafarao. Anaishi katika Jiji la Asili, mji unaofanana na [[Cairo]], na hutumia teknolojia ya kale pamoja na nguvu zake za kipekee kupambana na wahalifu. # Aya Ni [[mwanafunzi]] wa [[sheria]] ambaye alianza kupambana na uhalifu baada ya mama yake kushtakiwa kimakosa kwa mauaji ya baba yake. Hana nguvu zozote za ajabu, lakini anapigania haki na usawa wa kijinsia. # Jalila Ni [[mwanasayansi]] [[mwanamke]] ambaye akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka [[16]] alinusurika katika mlipuko wa kituo cha nyuklia cha Dimodona (jina linalorejelea kituo cha [[nyuklia]] cha Dimona kinachohusishwa na mpango wa [[silaha]] za nyuklia wa [[Israel]] ambao haujatangazwa rasmi). Baada ya kuathiriwa na mionzi, alipata nguvu za ajabu. Analinda Jiji la Imani Zote, linalotokana na [[Yerusalemu]], dhidi ya [[jeshi]] linaloitwa (Zios Army na United Liberation Force). # Rakan Ni [[shujaa]] wa enzi za kati aliyenusurika uvamizi wa [[Wamongolia]] huko Mesopotamia na kulelewa na paka mwenye [[meno]] makubwa. Nchi yake hushambuliwa mara kwa mara na Wamongolia, [[Waturuki]] na Wanajeshi wa [[Msalaba]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4312547.stm</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A27727-2005Feb15.html</ref><ref>https://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/02.02.05/ak-0505.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu]] [[Jamii:Kampuni]] [[Jamii:Misri]] nh06osqoadbua3wtkoqvnof9k6zv53e Trademark look 0 243032 1582449 2026-07-30T09:02:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''mwonekano wa kipekee unaomtambulisha''' au '''mwonekano wa kipekee''' ni mavazi ya jukwaani au alama nyingine bainifu zinazotumiwa na mhusika fulani au mwigizaji/msanii, ambazo humfanya mtu huyo kutambulika zaidi na watazamaji. Wanasiasa pia wanaweza kuwa na alama zao za kipekee, kama vile suti ya Rais wa Marekani [[Barack Obama]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/kate-finnigan/TMG10476093/Signature-looks-12-of-the-best.html |wo...' 1582449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''mwonekano wa kipekee unaomtambulisha''' au '''mwonekano wa kipekee''' ni mavazi ya jukwaani au alama nyingine bainifu zinazotumiwa na mhusika fulani au mwigizaji/msanii, ambazo humfanya mtu huyo kutambulika zaidi na watazamaji. Wanasiasa pia wanaweza kuwa na alama zao za kipekee, kama vile suti ya Rais wa Marekani [[Barack Obama]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/kate-finnigan/TMG10476093/Signature-looks-12-of-the-best.html |work=The Telegraph |title=Signature looks: 12 of the best |access-date=15 January 2014 }}</ref> au ishara ya mikono ya Merkel-Raute ya Kansela wa Ujerumani Angela Merkel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/barack-obamas-trademark-suit-has-everyone-talking-4139873 |work=about.com |title=Barack Obama's Trademark Suit Has Everyone Talking |access-date=15 January 2014 }}</ref> Pia inaweza kumaanisha mavazi ya jamii ndogo ya kitamaduni (*subculture*) fulani.<ref>{{cite web|title=Teddy Girls|url=http://history-is-made-at-night.blogspot.com/2008/12/teddy-girls.html|work=History is made at night|accessdate=25 August 2013|date=31 December 2008}}</ref> Baadhi ya alama za kipekee zinaweza kuwa zilianza kama utani wa ndani (*in-joke*), lakini baadaye zikaja kutambuliwa na hadhira pana. Watu maarufu kama Steve Jobs na Mark Zuckerberg wanajulikana kwa kuwa na mitindo yao rahisi na ya kipekee ya [[mavazi]]. Sababu inayotajwa ni kupunguza muda unaotumika kila siku kufanya uamuzi wa mavazi ya kuvaa. {{mbegu-mavazi}} [[Jamii:Mavazi]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni]] 5zawths38y0iif6qaq6evdl85jalrj0 Marcia Young 0 243033 1582453 2026-07-30T09:44:56Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcia Young''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa utangazaji wa [[Kanada]], ambaye kwa sasa ni mtangazaji wa kipindi cha habari cha siku za wiki cha ''World Report'', ambacho ni taarifa ya habari ya kitaifa ya asubuhi inayorushwa na CBC Radio.<ref>Connie Thiessen, [https://broadcastdialogue.com/young-and-northcott-named-new-hosts-of-cbc-news-world-report/ "Young and Northcott named new hosts of CBC News: World Report"]. ''Broadcast Dialogue'', November 17,...' 1582453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcia Young''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa utangazaji wa [[Kanada]], ambaye kwa sasa ni mtangazaji wa kipindi cha habari cha siku za wiki cha ''World Report'', ambacho ni taarifa ya habari ya kitaifa ya asubuhi inayorushwa na CBC Radio.<ref>Connie Thiessen, [https://broadcastdialogue.com/young-and-northcott-named-new-hosts-of-cbc-news-world-report/ "Young and Northcott named new hosts of CBC News: World Report"]. ''Broadcast Dialogue'', November 17, 2022.</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Young alizaliwa huko [[Toronto]], lakini alitumia utoto wake wa awali nchini [[Jamaika]] ambako alilelewa na babu na bibi yake. Alirudi Toronto akiwa na umri wa miaka 6 ili kuanza masomo ya shule. Alihitimu katika programu ya uandishi wa habari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ryerson (sasa kinaitwa Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto Metropolitan). ==Kazi ya uandishi wa habari== Young alianza kazi yake ya utangazaji katika redio ya michezo kwenye The Fan 590 huko Toronto. Baadaye alifanya kazi nyuma ya kipaza sauti kama mtafiti na mratibu wa uzalishaji wa vipindi katika Life Network, kwenye mojawapo ya vipindi vya kwanza vya magazeti ya mtindo wa maisha (lifestyle magazine shows) nchini Kanada. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Kanada]] q1b8tkeoc5fb4t9yh9rarptvmo12l2v Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Benison inocent 3 243034 1582454 2026-07-30T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582454 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) sb1dj2pfiy7obqo302p6z4e22i75l1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wuilliams19 3 243035 1582455 2026-07-30T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582455 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) sb1dj2pfiy7obqo302p6z4e22i75l1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wences91 3 243036 1582456 2026-07-30T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582456 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) sb1dj2pfiy7obqo302p6z4e22i75l1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jayda shined 3 243037 1582458 2026-07-30T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582458 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) sb1dj2pfiy7obqo302p6z4e22i75l1a Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBMS0290 3 243038 1582459 2026-07-30T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582459 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) n01r2l4lcwin0h84aa4ybyeam9krzox Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Saadosulayman 3 243039 1582460 2026-07-30T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582460 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) n01r2l4lcwin0h84aa4ybyeam9krzox Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godlovesandi 3 243040 1582461 2026-07-30T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582461 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) n01r2l4lcwin0h84aa4ybyeam9krzox Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ali Huzaifa Stackone 3 243041 1582462 2026-07-30T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582462 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) n01r2l4lcwin0h84aa4ybyeam9krzox Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HNgacheeku 3 243042 1582463 2026-07-30T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582463 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) n01r2l4lcwin0h84aa4ybyeam9krzox Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:دلارام عطا 3 243043 1582464 2026-07-30T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582464 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) n01r2l4lcwin0h84aa4ybyeam9krzox Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HyperAtlas 3 243044 1582465 2026-07-30T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582465 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) nmlt6zlbgyowilnrdbg1c0fzhf33s4q Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Svenkaj 3 243045 1582466 2026-07-30T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1582466 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Julai 2026 (UTC) nmlt6zlbgyowilnrdbg1c0fzhf33s4q Laurie Townshend 0 243046 1582467 2026-07-30T10:07:56Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laurie Townshend''' ni mtengenezaji [[filamu]] wa [[Kanada]], ambaye filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu kamili ya maandishi (documentary) iitwayo ''A Mother Apart'' ilitolewa mwaka 2024. Townshend alianza kazi yake akiwa mwalimu wa maigizo katika shule ya sekondari ya kati (middle school) katika Sir Ernest MacMillan Senior Public School huko [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]],<ref>Andrew Campbell, "Gay-straight clubs good for all kids: For both homosexual and hetero...' 1582467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurie Townshend''' ni mtengenezaji [[filamu]] wa [[Kanada]], ambaye filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu kamili ya maandishi (documentary) iitwayo ''A Mother Apart'' ilitolewa mwaka 2024. Townshend alianza kazi yake akiwa mwalimu wa maigizo katika shule ya sekondari ya kati (middle school) katika Sir Ernest MacMillan Senior Public School huko [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]],<ref>Andrew Campbell, "Gay-straight clubs good for all kids: For both homosexual and heterosexual students, suicidal thoughts, attempts lower in schools with GSAs". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', February 17, 2014.</ref> ambako wanafunzi wake walijumuisha Shamier Anderson na Stephan James. Mwaka 2013, alitoa filamu fupi ya maigizo iitwayo ''The Railpath Hero'', na baadaye akaongoza kipindi kimoja cha mfululizo wa tovuti wa filamu za maandishi wa mwaka 2016 uitwao ''The Akua Benjamin Legacy Project''. ''A Mother Apart'' ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Maandishi la Kanada la Hot Docs la mwaka 2024.<ref>Valerie Complex, [https://deadline.com/2024/06/inside-out-2slgbtq-film-festival-unveils-2024-award-recipients-1235957790/ "‘A Mother Apart’ Wins Top Prize At Inside Out 2SLGBTQ+ Film Festival Awards"]. ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'', June 3, 2024.</ref> Baadaye ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Filamu na Video la Inside Out la mwaka 2024, ambako ilishinda tuzo za majaji za **Filamu Bora ya Kanada** na Filamu Bora ya Kwanza, pamoja na tuzo ya watazamaji ya Filamu Bora ya Maandishi. Baadaye filamu hiyo ilishinda Tuzo ya DGC Allan King ya Filamu Bora ya Maandishi katika tuzo za mwaka 2025 za Chama cha Waongozaji wa Kanada (Directors Guild of Canada).<ref>Jamie Casemore, [https://playbackonline.ca/2025/11/10/north-of-north-claims-five-honours-at-2025-dgc-awards/ "North of North claims five honours at 2025 DGC Awards"]. ''[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]'', November 10, 2025.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] fujnnynt9qf6qksr36lgid8b5o1fovg Coladeira 0 243047 1582468 2026-07-30T10:11:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1582468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|name=Coladeira|asili ya mtindo=''[[Morna (music)|Morna]]''|asili ya utamaduni=[[Cape Verde]]}} [[Faili:Koladera rhythm.png|thumb|Muundo wa mdundo wa coladeira, mapigo 106–120 kwa dakika (BPM)]] '''Coladeira''' (matamshi ya Kireno ya eneo: ''[kulɐˈdejɾɐ]''; kwa lugha ya Kabuverdianu: koladera ''[kolɐˈdeɾɐ]'') ni aina ya [[muziki]] kutoka [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde.]] Aina hii ya muziki hutambulika kwa kuwa na: * [[Mdundo]] wenye kasi inayobadilika. * Mpangilio wa mapigo mawili kwa kila [[kipimo]] cha muziki. * Katika mfumo wake wa [[jadi]] zaidi, muundo wa [[sauti]] unaotegemea mzunguko wa noti za tano. * Muundo wa [[maneno]] ya [[nyimbo]] hupangwa katika beti ambazo hubadilishana na sehemu ya kurudia. Kwa kifupi, Coladeira ni muziki wa jadi wa Cape Verde wenye asili ya visiwani, unaojulikana kwa midundo ya kuchezeka, beti na kiitikio, pamoja na matumizi ya mpangilio maalumu wa sauti. == Aina ya Muziki == Kama aina ya muziki, coladeira hutambulika kwa kuwa na [[kasi]] ya mdundo inayobadilika, kuanzia kasi ya juu hadi kasi ya taratibu, pamoja na kuwa na mpangilio wa mapigo mawili kwa kila kipimo cha muziki. Katika mfumo wake wa jadi zaidi, coladeira huwa na muundo wa sauti unaotegemea mzunguko wa tano , huku muundo wa [[maneno]] ya nyimbo ukipangwa katika beti zinazobadilishana na kiitikio. Mara nyingi, coladeira huwa ni ya toni moja, maana yake hutungwa kwa kutumia mlio mkuu mmoja wa muziki. [[Nyimbo]] zinazotumia zaidi ya toni moja ni nadra, na mara nyingi huwa ni zile zinazobadilika kutoka toni ndogo kwenda toni kubwa, au kinyume chake. == Urithi == [[Tuzo]] ya ( ''Muziki ya Cape Verde kwa Coladeira Bora'') ilianzishwa [[mwaka]] [[2011]]. Tuzo hiyo hutolewa kila mwaka kwa wimbo [[bora]] unaohusiana na aina hii ya muziki. Tuzo hii imekuwa njia ya kutambua na kuendeleza mchango wa coladeira katika utamaduni na muziki wa Cape Verde.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verd_Band</ref><ref>https://www.attambur.com/Recolhas/PDF/FormasMusicaisCaboVerde.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Tuzo]] ru5o1c8sr8v58z4ex7ltef4aojlk4w8 Marlene Green 0 243048 1582469 2026-07-30T10:29:12Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marlene Green''' (amezaliwa Novemba 9, [[1940]] – amefariki [[Oktoba 31]], [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa jamii wa [[Kanada]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=ETFO |title=Black Canadian Calendar |url=https://www.etfo.ca/SupportingMembers/Resources/pages/blackcanadiancal.aspx |website=ETFO: Building a Just Society |publisher=ETFO |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> [[mwalimu]], na mfanyakazi wa uwanjani wa mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGO). Anajulik...' 1582469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marlene Green''' (amezaliwa Novemba 9, [[1940]] – amefariki [[Oktoba 31]], [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa jamii wa [[Kanada]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=ETFO |title=Black Canadian Calendar |url=https://www.etfo.ca/SupportingMembers/Resources/pages/blackcanadiancal.aspx |website=ETFO: Building a Just Society |publisher=ETFO |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> [[mwalimu]], na mfanyakazi wa uwanjani wa mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGO). Anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Black Education Project, shirika lililoendeshwa na wanaojitolea lililoanzishwa ili kushughulikia ukosefu wa usawa wa kikabila katika mfumo wa [[elimu]] wa [[Toronto]].<ref name="now">{{cite web |last1=Brand |first1=Dionne |title=Marlene Green 1940 – 2002 |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/marlene-green-1940-2002/ |website=NOW Magazine |publisher=NOW Central Communications Inc. |access-date=20 February 2021 |date=November 7, 2002}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Alizaliwa nchini [[Dominika]], Green alihamia Kanada mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960, kipindi ambacho kilishuhudia watu 64,000 kutoka Karibiani wakihamia Kanada baada ya [[sheria]] ya uhamiaji ya Kanada kufanyiwa marekebisho na kuwa huria zaidi.<ref name="york">{{cite web |last1=Aladejebi |first1=Funké Omotunde |title="Girl You Better Apply to Teachers' College": The History of Black Women Educators in Ontario, 1940s–1980s |url=https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10315/33442/Aladejebi_Funke_O_2016_PhD.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |website=Yorkspace |publisher=York University |access-date=20 February 2021 |page=258 |date=November 2016}}</ref><ref name="feministarchive">{{cite web |last1=Our Lives |title=Our Lives: Canada's First Black Women's Newspaper |url=https://riseupfeministarchive.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/OURLIVES-02-01-MAR-APR-1987.pdf |website=Rise Up Feminist Archives |publisher=Our Lives |access-date=20 February 2021 |date=1987}}</ref> ===Kimataifa=== Katika miongo miwili iliyofuata, Green alifanya kazi kimataifa, akishiriki katika shughuli zilizopinga ubaguzi wa rangi wa [[Afrika Kusini]] (apartheid) na kujikita katika maendeleo ya jamii. Alichukua nafasi ya uongozi katika Cuso InternationaL, akihudumu kama mratibu wa kikanda wa shirika la kimataifa la maendeleo. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1940|2002}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9sxrjad4vnxcdtqjrt1zpo5uwkwgc3l Anne Greenup 0 243049 1582470 2026-07-30T10:41:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anne Greenup''' (aliyezaliwa '''Anna Hurd'''; [[5 Mei]], [[1874]] – [[15 Machi]], [[1952]]) alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa The Coloured Women’s Club of Montreal (Klabu ya Wanawake Weusi ya Montreal). Greenup alizaliwa huko Harveysburg, [[Ohio]], akiwa binti wa Charles Hurd, [[mwalimu]] wa [[shule]] kutoka Georgia, na Mahala Jackson kutoka [[Virginia]]. Alisoma hadi alipofikisha umri wa miaka 14, kisha akaanza kufanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule. Aliolew...' 1582470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Greenup''' (aliyezaliwa '''Anna Hurd'''; [[5 Mei]], [[1874]] – [[15 Machi]], [[1952]]) alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa The Coloured Women’s Club of Montreal (Klabu ya Wanawake Weusi ya Montreal). Greenup alizaliwa huko Harveysburg, [[Ohio]], akiwa binti wa Charles Hurd, [[mwalimu]] wa [[shule]] kutoka Georgia, na Mahala Jackson kutoka [[Virginia]]. Alisoma hadi alipofikisha umri wa miaka 14, kisha akaanza kufanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule. Aliolewa na Charles Harvey Greenup, mfanyakazi wa reli, huko [[Essex]], [[Ontario]], mwaka 1900. Yeye na mume wake walihamia Montreal muda mfupi baadaye, ambako mwaka 1902 alianzisha The Coloured Women’s Club of Montreal pamoja na wanawake wengine sita. Akiwa rais wa kwanza wa klabu hiyo, alianzisha na kusaidia kutoa makazi, mavazi na huduma kwa jamii ya watu Weusi huko Montreal, hasa katika eneo la Little Burgundy. Yeye na mume wake walihamia [[Vancouver]] karibu na mwaka 1910, ambako mume wake alifanya kazi katika Canadian Pacific Railway hadi alipofariki mwaka 1920. Katika miaka ya 1920, alihusika katika First Baptist Church iliyoko Burrard Street, akipanga shughuli za kijamii. Alikuwa na kaka wawili, Robert na Granville, ambao pia walikuwa walimu wa shule na walihusika katika chama cha walimu Weusi. Baada ya kifo cha mume wake, aliishi pamoja na kaka yake Granville, ambaye pia alihamia Vancouver na kufanya kazi kama mhudumu wa treni (**porter**) katika Canadian Pacific Railway. Alikuwa na mtoto mmoja, ambaye aliishi kwa takribani miezi sita.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reflect on the reality of the African-Canadian experience, says prof. |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/news/reflect-reality-african-canadian-experience-says-prof |website=Waterloo News |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807082803/https://uwaterloo.ca/news/reflect-reality-african-canadian-experience-says-prof |archive-date=7 August 2021 |language=en |date=8 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Coloured Women's Club |url=https://colouredwomensclub.tripod.com |website=colouredwomensclub.tripod.com |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226044051/https://colouredwomensclub.tripod.com/ |archive-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1874|1952}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 48ui68xa11jqushmctsnrv7mof1qi3d Winnie Harlow 0 243050 1582473 2026-07-30T11:25:04Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chantelle Whitney Brown-Young''' (Alizaliwa [[27 Julai]], [[1994]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Winnie Harlow''', ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]], [[mwigizaji]] na msemaji wa [[umma]] kuhusu hali ya ngozi iitwayo vitiligo. Alipata umaarufu mwaka 2014 akiwa mshiriki katika msimu wa 21 wa kipindi cha televisheni cha [[Marekani]] ''America's Next Top Model''. Baadaye Harlow alionekana katika albamu ya picha za [[muziki]] iliyoongozwa na [[Beyoncé]...' 1582473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chantelle Whitney Brown-Young''' (Alizaliwa [[27 Julai]], [[1994]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Winnie Harlow''', ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]], [[mwigizaji]] na msemaji wa [[umma]] kuhusu hali ya ngozi iitwayo vitiligo. Alipata umaarufu mwaka 2014 akiwa mshiriki katika msimu wa 21 wa kipindi cha televisheni cha [[Marekani]] ''America's Next Top Model''. Baadaye Harlow alionekana katika albamu ya picha za [[muziki]] iliyoongozwa na [[Beyoncé]] iitwayo ''Beyoncé: Lemonade'' (2016). Mwaka 2018, alikua mwanamitindo wa kwanza mwenye vitiligo kushiriki katika Maonyesho ya Mitindo ya Victoria's Secret (Victoria's Secret Fashion Show); na alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa wanawake 100 mashuhuri na BBC 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-02 |title='Making the Cut' Taps Jeremy Scott and Winnie Harlow as Judges for Season 2 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/making-the-cut-jeremy-scott-winnie-harlow-judges-season-2-naomi-campbell-nicole-richie-out/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=TheWrap |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312002053/https://www.thewrap.com/making-the-cut-jeremy-scott-winnie-harlow-judges-season-2-naomi-campbell-nicole-richie-out/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Harlow alihudumu kama jaji katika msimu wa pili wa kipindi cha Amazon Prime Video kiitwacho ''Making the Cut''. Pia anatoa sauti ya mhusika mkuu Noni katika mfululizo wa uhuishaji wa Marvel Cinematic Universe uitwao ''Eyes of Wakanda'' unaopatikana kwenye Disney+. ==Maisha ya awali== Winnie Harlow alizaliwa kwa jina la Chantelle Brown-Young tarehe [[27 Julai]], [[1994]], katika eneo la Greater Toronto Area, akiwa binti wa Lisa Brown na Windsor Young. Ana asili ya Kijamaika na ana dada wawili. Aligunduliwa kuwa na hali sugu ya ngozi iitwayo vitiligo, ambayo husababisha kupotea kwa rangi ya ngozi katika baadhi ya maeneo (upungufu wa rangi ya ngozi), akiwa na umri wa miaka minne.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/feb/15/chantelle-winnie-model-vitiligo |title=Chantelle Winnie: 'I'm proud of my skin' |last=Barlow |first=Eve |date=February 15, 2015 |website=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815160454/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/feb/15/chantelle-winnie-model-vitiligo |archive-date=August 15, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] hbffy00il101nlx3fqjy2iw4u2953et Alicia K. Harris 0 243051 1582475 2026-07-30T11:41:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alicia K. Harris''' ni mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]] na [[mwandishi]] wa filamu wa [[Kanada]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Scarborough]], [[Ontario]]. Alipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wakosoaji kutokana na filamu yake fupi ya mwaka 2019 iitwayo ''Pick'', ambayo ilishinda Tuzo ya Filamu ya Kanada (Canadian Screen Award) katika kipengele cha Filamu Fupi Bora ya Tamthilia ya Moja kwa Moja (Best Live Action Short Drama) kwenye Tuzo za 8 za Canadian Screen Award...' 1582475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alicia K. Harris''' ni mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]] na [[mwandishi]] wa filamu wa [[Kanada]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Scarborough]], [[Ontario]]. Alipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wakosoaji kutokana na filamu yake fupi ya mwaka 2019 iitwayo ''Pick'', ambayo ilishinda Tuzo ya Filamu ya Kanada (Canadian Screen Award) katika kipengele cha Filamu Fupi Bora ya Tamthilia ya Moja kwa Moja (Best Live Action Short Drama) kwenye Tuzo za 8 za Canadian Screen Awards mwaka 2020.<ref name=":0">Brent Furdyk, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200616231924/https://etcanada.com/news/650186/winners-announced-in-cinematic-arts-categories-as-canadian-screen-awards-honours-the-years-best-movies/ "Canadian Screen Awards Announces Winners In Cinematic Arts Categories, Honouring The Year’s Best Movies"]. ''[[Entertainment Tonight Canada]]'', May 28, 2020.</ref> Filamu yake fupi nyingine iitwayo ''On a Sunday at Eleven'' baadaye ilishinda tuzo hiyo hiyo katika Tuzo za 13 za Canadian Screen Awards mwaka 2025. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Harris alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sanaa za Picha (School of Image Arts) ya Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto Metropolitan (zamani Ryerson University). Pia alihitimu programu ya filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto Metropolitan na ni mhitimu wa Programu ya Uongozaji kwa Wanawake ya Canadian Academy (Canadian Academy's Directing Program for Women).<ref>Selina McCallum, [https://torontocaribbean.com/the-underdog-for-the-underrepresented-meet-scarboroughs-own-award-winning-director-alicia-k-harris/ "The underdog for the underrepresented — Meet Scarborough’s own award-winning director Alicia K. Harris"]. ''Toronto Caribbean'', June 18, 2020.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0scy4zhwwl7rq6i1oxsp4bgjr2b1dc6