Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5968 1585122 1224255 2026-08-06T19:00:57Z Martin Macha 2111 43444 /* */ 1585122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Country |native_name =''República del Perú'' |conventional_long_name = Republic of Peru |common_name =Peru |image_coat =Escudo nacional del Perú.svg |image_flag =Flag of Peru.svg |image_map =LocationPeru.png |national_motto = "Firme y Feliz Por La Unión" (Imara na furahifu kwa umoja) |national_anthem =''[[Somos libres, seámoslo siempre]]''<br />"Tuko huru tukae hivyo" |official_languages =[[Kihispania]] [[Kiquechua]] [[Kiaymara]]¹ |capital =[[Lima]] |latd=12 |latm=2.6 |latNS=S |longd=77 |longm=1.7 |longEW=W |largest_city =[[Lima]] |government_type =<small>Jamhuri</small> |leader_titles =[[Rais wa Peru|Rais]] <br> [[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names =[[:es:Keiko Fujimori|Keiko Fujimori]] <br> [[:es:Luis Galarreta|Luis Galarreta]] |area_rank =ya 20 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area=1,285,216 |areami²= 496,222 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water =8.80% |population_estimate = 34,294,231 |population_estimate_rank = ya 44 |population_estimate_year = 2021 |population_census = 31,237,385 |population_census_year =<!--Peru 2017 Census-->2017 |population_density =23 |population_densitymi² =59.6 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank =ya 198 |GDP_PPP = $385.719 billioni <!--IMF 2020--> |GDP_PPP_rank =ya 47 |GDP_PPP_year=2020 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,516 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 103 |sovereignty_type =[[Uhuru]] |sovereignty_note = kutoka [[Hispania]] |established_events =ilitangazwa |established_dates = <br /> [[28 Julai]] [[1821]] |HDI =0.777 |HDI_rank = ya 79 |HDI_year = 2019 |HDI_category =<font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> |currency = [[Sol]] |currency_code = PEN |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -5 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.pe]] |calling_code = 51 |footnotes = 1.) [[Kiquechua]], [[Kiaymara]] na lugha za eneo ni lugha rasmi kama ni lugha ya watu wengi wa eneo. }} [[Picha:Peru-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|right|280px|Ramani ya Peru]] [[Picha:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|250px|right|thumb| Peru]] [[Picha:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|250px|right|thumb| [[Machu Picchu]] ]] '''Peru''' (pia '''Peruu''') ni nchi ya [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]] upande wa [[magharibi]] ya [[bara]]. Imepakana na [[Ekuador]], [[Kolombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Bolivia]] na [[Chile]]. Kuna [[mwambao]] wa [[Pasifiki]]. ==Historia== Peru ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Hispania]] kati ya miaka [[1532]] na [[1821]]. Kabla ya kuja kwa Wahispania, Peru ilikuwa [[kitovu]] cha [[Dola]] la [[Inka]]. ==Watu== Hadi leo kuna [[idadi]] kubwa ya [[Waindio]] (45[[%]]) wanaotunza [[utamaduni]] wao, mbali ya ma[[chotara]] Waindio-Wazungu (37%). [[Utafiti]] wa [[DNA]] yao unaonyesha [[urithi]] wa Kiindio umechangia 79.1% za DNA ya wakazi wa leo. [[Wazungu]] wenyewe ni 15% tu. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kihispania]] (84.1%), [[Kiquechua]] (13%) na [[Kiaymara]] (1.7%). Upande wa [[dini]], [[Wakatoliki]] ni 81.3% na [[Waprotestanti]] 12.5%. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== * Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. ''Art of colonial Latin America''. London: Phaidon, 2005, ISBN 0714841579. * [http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html ''Constitución Política del Perú''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html |date=20070324043856 }}. 29 December 1993. * Custer, Tony. ''The Art of Peruvian Cuisine''. Lima: Ediciones Ganesha, 2003, ISBN 9972920305. * [[Gonzalo Garland|Garland, Gonzalo]]. "Perú Siglo XXI", series of 11 working papers describing sectorial long-term forecasts, Grade, Lima, Peru, 1986-1987. * Garland, Gonzalo. Peru in the 21st Century: Challenges and Possibilities in ''Futures: the Journal of Forecasting, Planning and Policy'', Volume 22, Nº 4, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, England, May 1990. * Gootenberg, Paul. (1991) ''Between silver and guano: commercial policy and the state in postindependence Peru''. Princeton: Princeton University Press ISBN 0691023425. * Gootenberg, Paul. (1993) ''Imagining development: economic ideas in Peru's "fictitious prosperity" of Guano, 1840–1880''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 0520082907. * Higgins, James (editor). ''The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts'', 2014. Online at https://sites.google.com/site/jhemanperu * Instituto de Estudios Histórico–Marítimos del Perú. ''El Perú y sus recursos: Atlas geográfico y económico''. Lima: Auge, 1996. * Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. {{PDFlink|[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0638/Libro.pdf ''Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005'']|8.31&nbsp;MB}}. Lima: INEI, 2005. * Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú''. Lima: INEI, 2008. * Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población, 1950–2050''. Lima: INEI, 2001. * Klarén, Peter. ''Peru: society and nationhood in the Andes''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0195069285. * Ley N° 27867, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702195833/http://www.pmde.gob.pe/taller/Compilacion%20normativa/DESCENTRALIZACI%C3%93N/LEY%20N%C2%BA%2027867_LEY%20ORG%C3%81NICA%20DE%20GOBIERNOS%20LOCALES.pdf ''Ley Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales'']. 16 November 2002. * Martin, Gerald. "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;3–45. * Martin, Gerald. "Narrative since c. 1920". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;133–225. * Porras Barrenechea, Raúl. ''El nombre del Perú''. Lima: Talleres Gráficos P.L. Villanueva, 1968. * Romero, Raúl. "La música tradicional y popular". In: Patronato Popular y Porvenir, ''La música en el Perú''. Lima: Industrial Gráfica, 1985, pp.&nbsp;215–283. * Romero, Raúl. "Andean Peru". In: John Schechter (ed.), ''Music in Latin American culture: regional tradition''. New York: Schirmer Books, 1999, pp.&nbsp;383–423. * Thorp, Rosemary and Geoffrey Bertram. ''Peru 1890–1977: growth and policy in an open economy''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978, ISBN 0231034334 == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * {{es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Serikali ya Peru tovuti rasmi] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru] from the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|pe|Peru}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm Peru] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm |date=20080607085421 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/PER/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Peru] * {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Peru}} * [http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ PeruLinks] {{Wayback|url=http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ |date=20081015034906 }} web directory * {{Wikiatlas|Peru}} * {{es icon}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Web portal] of the Peruvian Government {{Amerika Kusini}} {{mbegu-jio-AmerikaKusini}} [[Jamii:Peru| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Amerika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kihispania]] jynk7adoegwgeomgmaovwc3l9dklqp6 1585123 1585122 2026-08-06T19:03:14Z Martin Macha 2111 43444 /* */ 1585123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Country |native_name =''República del Perú'' |conventional_long_name = Republic of Peru |common_name =Peru |image_coat =Escudo nacional del Perú.svg |image_flag =Flag of Peru.svg |image_map =LocationPeru.png |national_motto = "Firme y Feliz Por La Unión" (Imara na furahifu kwa umoja) |national_anthem =''[[Somos libres, seámoslo siempre]]''<br />"Tuko huru tukae hivyo" |official_languages =[[Kihispania]] [[Kiquechua]] [[Kiaymara]]¹ |capital =[[Lima]] |latd=12 |latm=2.6 |latNS=S |longd=77 |longm=1.7 |longEW=W |largest_city =[[Lima]] |government_type =<small>Jamhuri</small> |leader_titles =[[Rais wa Peru|Rais]] <br> [[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names =[[:es:Keiko Fujimori|Keiko Fujimori]] <br> [[:es:Luis Galarreta|Luis Galarreta]] |area_rank =ya 19 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area=1,285,216 |areami²= 496,225 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water =0.41% |population_estimate = 34,352,720 |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = 2023 |population_census = 34,157,732 |population_census_year =<!--Peru 2025 Census-->2025 |population_density =26,6 |population_densitymi² =59.6 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank =ya |GDP_PPP = $385.719 billioni <!--IMF 2020--> |GDP_PPP_rank =ya 47 |GDP_PPP_year=2020 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,516 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 103 |sovereignty_type =[[Uhuru]] |sovereignty_note = kutoka [[Hispania]] |established_events =ilitangazwa |established_dates = <br /> [[28 Julai]] [[1821]] |HDI =0.777 |HDI_rank = ya 79 |HDI_year = 2019 |HDI_category =<font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> |currency = [[Sol]] |currency_code = PEN |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -5 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.pe]] |calling_code = 51 |footnotes = 1.) [[Kiquechua]], [[Kiaymara]] na lugha za eneo ni lugha rasmi kama ni lugha ya watu wengi wa eneo. }} [[Picha:Peru-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|right|280px|Ramani ya Peru]] [[Picha:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|250px|right|thumb| Peru]] [[Picha:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|250px|right|thumb| [[Machu Picchu]] ]] '''Peru''' (pia '''Peruu''') ni nchi ya [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]] upande wa [[magharibi]] ya [[bara]]. Imepakana na [[Ekuador]], [[Kolombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Bolivia]] na [[Chile]]. Kuna [[mwambao]] wa [[Pasifiki]]. ==Historia== Peru ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Hispania]] kati ya miaka [[1532]] na [[1821]]. Kabla ya kuja kwa Wahispania, Peru ilikuwa [[kitovu]] cha [[Dola]] la [[Inka]]. ==Watu== Hadi leo kuna [[idadi]] kubwa ya [[Waindio]] (45[[%]]) wanaotunza [[utamaduni]] wao, mbali ya ma[[chotara]] Waindio-Wazungu (37%). [[Utafiti]] wa [[DNA]] yao unaonyesha [[urithi]] wa Kiindio umechangia 79.1% za DNA ya wakazi wa leo. [[Wazungu]] wenyewe ni 15% tu. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kihispania]] (84.1%), [[Kiquechua]] (13%) na [[Kiaymara]] (1.7%). Upande wa [[dini]], [[Wakatoliki]] ni 81.3% na [[Waprotestanti]] 12.5%. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== * Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. ''Art of colonial Latin America''. London: Phaidon, 2005, ISBN 0714841579. * [http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html ''Constitución Política del Perú''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html |date=20070324043856 }}. 29 December 1993. * Custer, Tony. ''The Art of Peruvian Cuisine''. Lima: Ediciones Ganesha, 2003, ISBN 9972920305. * [[Gonzalo Garland|Garland, Gonzalo]]. "Perú Siglo XXI", series of 11 working papers describing sectorial long-term forecasts, Grade, Lima, Peru, 1986-1987. * Garland, Gonzalo. Peru in the 21st Century: Challenges and Possibilities in ''Futures: the Journal of Forecasting, Planning and Policy'', Volume 22, Nº 4, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, England, May 1990. * Gootenberg, Paul. (1991) ''Between silver and guano: commercial policy and the state in postindependence Peru''. Princeton: Princeton University Press ISBN 0691023425. * Gootenberg, Paul. (1993) ''Imagining development: economic ideas in Peru's "fictitious prosperity" of Guano, 1840–1880''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 0520082907. * Higgins, James (editor). ''The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts'', 2014. Online at https://sites.google.com/site/jhemanperu * Instituto de Estudios Histórico–Marítimos del Perú. ''El Perú y sus recursos: Atlas geográfico y económico''. Lima: Auge, 1996. * Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. {{PDFlink|[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0638/Libro.pdf ''Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005'']|8.31&nbsp;MB}}. Lima: INEI, 2005. * Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú''. Lima: INEI, 2008. * Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población, 1950–2050''. Lima: INEI, 2001. * Klarén, Peter. ''Peru: society and nationhood in the Andes''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0195069285. * Ley N° 27867, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702195833/http://www.pmde.gob.pe/taller/Compilacion%20normativa/DESCENTRALIZACI%C3%93N/LEY%20N%C2%BA%2027867_LEY%20ORG%C3%81NICA%20DE%20GOBIERNOS%20LOCALES.pdf ''Ley Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales'']. 16 November 2002. * Martin, Gerald. "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;3–45. * Martin, Gerald. "Narrative since c. 1920". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;133–225. * Porras Barrenechea, Raúl. ''El nombre del Perú''. Lima: Talleres Gráficos P.L. Villanueva, 1968. * Romero, Raúl. "La música tradicional y popular". In: Patronato Popular y Porvenir, ''La música en el Perú''. Lima: Industrial Gráfica, 1985, pp.&nbsp;215–283. * Romero, Raúl. "Andean Peru". In: John Schechter (ed.), ''Music in Latin American culture: regional tradition''. New York: Schirmer Books, 1999, pp.&nbsp;383–423. * Thorp, Rosemary and Geoffrey Bertram. ''Peru 1890–1977: growth and policy in an open economy''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978, ISBN 0231034334 == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * {{es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Serikali ya Peru tovuti rasmi] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Country Profile] from [[BBC News]] * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru] from the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|pe|Peru}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm Peru] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm |date=20080607085421 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/PER/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Peru] * {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Peru}} * [http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ PeruLinks] {{Wayback|url=http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ |date=20081015034906 }} web directory * {{Wikiatlas|Peru}} * {{es icon}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Web portal] of the Peruvian Government {{Amerika Kusini}} {{mbegu-jio-AmerikaKusini}} [[Jamii:Peru| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Amerika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kihispania]] akohwnx3knvkc1wo0optcsc1fcd9293 0 13283 1585130 1519166 2026-08-06T19:10:12Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mangwair]] hadi [[Albert Mangwea]]: Usahihi wa jina la msanii baada ya utafiti 1519166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = Mangwair |picha = |maelezo = Mangwai katika Pozi |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = Albert Magwair |pia anajulikana kama = Mimi<br>Cow Boy<br>Ngwair |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1982|11|16}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa =[[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|2013|5|28|1982|11|16}} |mahali alipofia = [[Johannesburg]], [[Afrika Kusini]] |wazazi = |kazi yake = [[Kurap|Rapper]] |aina = [[Hip hop ya Tanzania]], [[Bongo Flava]] |miaka ya kazi = 1999–2013 |studio = [[Bongo Records]] |ameshirikiana na = [[Daz Baba]], [[Jay Moe]], [[Mchizi Mox]], [[Chamber Squad]], [[Noorah]], [[T. I. D.]], [[Ferouz]], [[Mwana FA]], [[Chid Benz]], [[Dullah Platinum (Abdallah Mgeleka]] na [[Dark Master]], [[Cpwaa]], [[Dully Sykes]] |website = }} '''Albert Keneth Mangwair''' (a.k.a '''Mimi''' a.k.a '''Ngwair'''; [[16 Novemba]] [[1982]] - [[28 Mei]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Hip Hop]] ya Bongo kutoka mchini [[Tanzania]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Alizaliwa na jina la Albert Keneth Mangwair mnamo tar. [[16 Novemba]], [[1982]], [[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]]. Kiasili, ni mtu wa Ruvuma, yaani, ni Mngoni. Lakini alizaliw mjini [[Mbeya]] na akiwa na umri wa miaka 5, familia yake ilihamia mjini [[Morogoro]] kikazi na hatimaye kuanza masomo ya msingi hukohuko mjini Morogoro hadi darasa la 5 na kupata uhamisho wa kwenda Dodoma ambapo aliweza kujiunga na shule ya msingi ya Mlimwa. Kisha baadaye shule ya Sekondari ya Mazengo na Chuo cha Ufundi cha Mazengo. Katika ngazi ya familia, yeye ni mtoto wa mwisho (kwa baba akiwa mtoto wa 10) - na (kwa mama akiwa mtoto wa 6). Albert alifariki dunia mnamo tar. [[28 Mei]] katika mwaka wa [[2013]] kwa hicho kinachoaminiwa kwamba alizidisha kipimo cha dawa za kulevya huko nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Ngwair ameacha mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.annapita.com/2013/05/historia-ya-marehemu-ngwair-aliyoisema.html |title=Habari za Mangwair katika Blogu ya Anna Peter |accessdate=2013-06-03 |archivedate=2013-06-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617021545/http://www.annapita.com/2013/05/historia-ya-marehemu-ngwair-aliyoisema.html }}</ref> ==Kazi== ===Muziki=== Ngwair alikuwa akiishi jijini [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]] ambako alikokutana na mtayarishaji mahiri wa mziki P. Funk Majani na kuanza kufanya naye kazi. Hiyo ilikuwa ni mwaka 2003 ambapo alitoa kibao cha kwanza kiitwacho 'Ghetto Langu,' wimbo uliompatia umaarufu mkubwa sana. Mangwair pia aliwahi kushinda tuzo ya [[Kilimanjaro Music Awards]] kama mwana Hip Hop Bora wa mwaka 2005. Mwaka wa 2007 akatokea kwa wimbo wa kimya kimya akiwa na wana chemba. Katika Kimya Kimya anapagawisha.kwa sasa Ngwair anatesa na nyimbo inayotamba kwa jina washamba. Albert Mangwair alifariki tarehe 28/5/2013 akiwa huko Afrika ya Kusini. Taarifa zinasema alifariki baada ya kutumia madawa ya kulevya lakini kuna utata kuhusu kilichosababisha kifo cha marehemu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://vibeweekly.com/new-vibe/1257-bongo-star-ngwairs-medical-report-was-cooked.html |title=Ripoti feki ya Ngwair katika VibeNews |accessdate=2013-06-03 |archivedate=2013-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613152933/http://vibeweekly.com/new-vibe/1257-bongo-star-ngwairs-medical-report-was-cooked.html }}</ref> ==Diskografia ya kuchaguliwa== '''Albamu''' * '''1''' aka MIMI ([[2003]]) * '''1''' Nge ([[2010]]) '''Nyimbo''' *CNN ft [[Fid Q]] *Mapenzi gani ft [[Lady Jaydee]] *Aminia feat Inspecta Haruni, [[Mwana FA]] *Birthday N'GE ft ''Mwasiti'', ''TID'' & ''Mez B'' *Speed 120 ft ''Chid Beenz'' *TZ Hustler ft J-Son *She performs ft ''TID'' *Mafia ft. [[Jay Moe]] *Bado nimo *Salamu *Mademu wangu *Mida mibovu ft [[Juma Nature]], [[Ferooz]], [[P. Funk Majani]], ''Dark Master'' & [[Jay Moe]] *Kimya Kimya *Nipe deal *Singida Dodoma ft Dully Sykes *Napokea simu *Weekend *Sikiliza *Wife *Tupo juu ft Squeezer & Steve RNB *Ghetto langu *Clubbin' *She got a Gwan ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.myspace.com/ngwair Mangwair Katika Myspace] * [http://www.facebook.com/people/Albert-Mangwair/1513058988 Mangwair Katika Facebook] * [http://www.twitter.com/ngwair Mangwair Katika Twitter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.twitter.com/ngwair |date=20130812004749 }} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mangwair, Albert}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] dj9izwdv40sa0wr0fepm3gts6o3iqtt 1585134 1585130 2026-08-06T19:11:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = Mangwair |picha = |maelezo = Mangwai katika Pozi |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = Albert Magwair |pia anajulikana kama = Mimi<br>Cow Boy<br>Ngwair |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1982|11|16}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa =[[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]] |tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|2013|5|28|1982|11|16}} |mahali alipofia = [[Johannesburg]], [[Afrika Kusini]] |wazazi = |kazi yake = [[Kurap|Rapper]] |aina = [[Hip hop ya Tanzania]], [[Bongo Flava]] |miaka ya kazi = 1999–2013 |studio = [[Bongo Records]] |ameshirikiana na = [[Daz Baba]], [[Jay Moe]], [[Mchizi Mox]], [[Chamber Squad]], [[Noorah]], [[T. I. D.]], [[Ferouz]], [[Mwana FA]], [[Chid Benz]], [[Dullah Platinum (Abdallah Mgeleka]] na [[Dark Master]], [[Cpwaa]], [[Dully Sykes]] |website = }} '''Albert Keneth Mangwair''' (a.k.a '''Mimi''' a.k.a '''Ngwair'''; [[16 Novemba]] [[1982]] - [[28 Mei]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Hip Hop]] ya Bongo kutoka mchini [[Tanzania]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Alizaliwa na jina la Albert Keneth Mangwair mnamo tar. [[16 Novemba]], [[1982]], [[Mbeya]], [[Tanzania]]. Kiasili, ni mtu wa Ruvuma, yaani, ni Mngoni. Lakini alizaliw mjini [[Mbeya]] na akiwa na umri wa miaka 5, familia yake ilihamia mjini [[Morogoro]] kikazi na hatimaye kuanza masomo ya msingi hukohuko mjini Morogoro hadi darasa la 5 na kupata uhamisho wa kwenda Dodoma ambapo aliweza kujiunga na shule ya msingi ya Mlimwa. Kisha baadaye shule ya Sekondari ya Mazengo na Chuo cha Ufundi cha Mazengo. Katika ngazi ya familia, yeye ni mtoto wa mwisho (kwa baba akiwa mtoto wa 10) - na (kwa mama akiwa mtoto wa 6). Albert alifariki dunia mnamo tar. [[28 Mei]] katika mwaka wa [[2013]] kwa hicho kinachoaminiwa kwamba alizidisha kipimo cha dawa za kulevya huko nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Ngwair ameacha mtoto mmoja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.annapita.com/2013/05/historia-ya-marehemu-ngwair-aliyoisema.html |title=Habari za Mangwair katika Blogu ya Anna Peter |accessdate=2013-06-03 |archivedate=2013-06-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617021545/http://www.annapita.com/2013/05/historia-ya-marehemu-ngwair-aliyoisema.html }}</ref> ==Kazi== ===Muziki=== Ngwair alikuwa akiishi jijini [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]] ambako alikokutana na mtayarishaji mahiri wa mziki P. Funk Majani na kuanza kufanya naye kazi. Hiyo ilikuwa ni mwaka 2003 ambapo alitoa kibao cha kwanza kiitwacho 'Ghetto Langu,' wimbo uliompatia umaarufu mkubwa sana. Mangwair pia aliwahi kushinda tuzo ya [[Kilimanjaro Music Awards]] kama mwana Hip Hop Bora wa mwaka 2005. Mwaka wa 2007 akatokea kwa wimbo wa kimya kimya akiwa na wana chemba. Katika Kimya Kimya anapagawisha.kwa sasa Ngwair anatesa na nyimbo inayotamba kwa jina washamba. Albert Mangwair alifariki tarehe 28/5/2013 akiwa huko Afrika ya Kusini. Taarifa zinasema alifariki baada ya kutumia madawa ya kulevya lakini kuna utata kuhusu kilichosababisha kifo cha marehemu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://vibeweekly.com/new-vibe/1257-bongo-star-ngwairs-medical-report-was-cooked.html |title=Ripoti feki ya Ngwair katika VibeNews |accessdate=2013-06-03 |archivedate=2013-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613152933/http://vibeweekly.com/new-vibe/1257-bongo-star-ngwairs-medical-report-was-cooked.html }}</ref> ==Diskografia ya kuchaguliwa== '''Albamu''' * '''1''' aka MIMI ([[2003]]) * '''1''' Nge ([[2010]]) '''Nyimbo''' *CNN ft [[Fid Q]] *Mapenzi gani ft [[Lady Jaydee]] *Aminia feat Inspecta Haruni, [[Mwana FA]] *Birthday N'GE ft ''Mwasiti'', ''TID'' & ''Mez B'' *Speed 120 ft ''Chid Beenz'' *TZ Hustler ft J-Son *She performs ft ''TID'' *Mafia ft. [[Jay Moe]] *Bado nimo *Salamu *Mademu wangu *Mida mibovu ft [[Juma Nature]], [[Ferooz]], [[P. Funk Majani]], ''Dark Master'' & [[Jay Moe]] *Kimya Kimya *Nipe deal *Singida Dodoma ft Dully Sykes *Napokea simu *Weekend *Sikiliza *Wife *Tupo juu ft Squeezer & Steve RNB *Ghetto langu *Clubbin' *She got a Gwan ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.myspace.com/ngwair Mangwair Katika Myspace] * [http://www.facebook.com/people/Albert-Mangwair/1513058988 Mangwair Katika Facebook] * [http://www.twitter.com/ngwair Mangwair Katika Twitter] {{Wayback|url=http://www.twitter.com/ngwair |date=20130812004749 }} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mangwair, Albert}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Bongo Fleva]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] 7szcoodnkgjs09ayglynh48zix91y3z 1 13287 1585132 70884 2026-08-06T19:10:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Mangwair]] hadi [[Majadiliano:Albert Mangwea]]: Usahihi wa jina la msanii baada ya utafiti 70884 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Habari za kimsingi zakosekana== Makala bado yakosa habari za kimsingi kama umri / tarehe au angalau mwaka wa kuzaliwa, alikosoma n.k.. Kwa jumla nafurahia michango ya wanamuziki na upanuzi wa idara hiyo katika wikipedia yetu ila tu ningefurahia zaidi kama makala yaboreshwa kulingana na kawaida ya kamusi elezo. Inaonekana makala hii ni bora tayari kuliko michango ya awali ya wanamuziki mbalimbali. Naomba tuendelee kuboreka! --[[User:Kipala|Kipala]] 16:39, 25 Agosti 2007 (UTC) 9vv33yv80dh6jl1g3il4jewffzup79h 0 15503 1585408 1580374 2026-08-07T10:29:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Stigmata.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Fransisko wa Asizi akijaliwa [[madonda ya Yesu]] juu ya mlima [[La Verna]].]] '''Wafransisko''' ni [[jina]] la jumla la wafuasi wote wa [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] wanaokadiriwa kuwa [[milioni]] moja hivi [[duniani]] kote. ==Historia== [[Mwanzilishi]] mwenyewe katika [[karne XIII]] alivuta [[umati]] wa waamini wa [[Ukristo]] katika njia ya [[toba]]. [[Wanaume]] wengi walimfuata [[utawa]]ni kama [[Ndugu Wadogo]], [[wanawake]] wengi pia walikusanyika [[monasteri]]ni kama Mabibi Fukara [[Waklara]], wengine tena wa [[jinsia]] zote mbili walishika [[Injili]] katika [[maisha]] ya [[ndoa]], [[mkaapweke|upwekeni]] au kwa kuunda jumuia zisizo na [[nadhiri]]. [[tawi|Matawi]] hayo yakaja kuitwa Utawa wa Kwanza, wa Pili na [[Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko|wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko]]. Mapema zilitokea tofauti za mitazamo kuhusu [[karama]] halisi ya Mt. Fransisko, hivyo matawi yalianza kugawanyika, hasa kwa nia ya [[urekebisho]]. ==Hali ya sasa== Siku hizi kuna [[shirika|mashirika]] ya kitawa [[mia]] [[nne]] hivi yanayofuata mojawapo ya [[kanuni]] zilizokubaliwa na ma[[papa]] kwa matawi hayo. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Wafransisko wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] wana [[Baraza la Familia ya Kifransisko]] ambalo lina uwakilishi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] kama [[Shirika Lisilo la Kiserikali|Asasi isiyo ya kiserikali]] iliyo kuu kuliko zote. Kuna wafuasi wa Mt. Fransisko hata katika [[madhehebu]] mengine, na hasa [[Waanglikana]] ambao wana mashirika ya kitawa ya Kifransisko. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] == Marejeo == ===Vitabu=== * ''The Poor and the Perfect: The Rise of Learning in the Franciscan Order, 1209–1310'' by Neslihan Senocak. (Cornell University Press; 2012) 280 pages; shows how Franciscans shifted away from an early emphasis on poverty and humility and instead emphasized educational roles *''A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517'' by [[John Moorman|John Richard Humpidge Moorman]], [[St. Bonaventure University|Franciscan Institute]] Publications, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8199-0921-3 *''Origins of the Franciscan Order'' by Cajetan Esser, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1970. ISBN 978-0-8199-0408-9 *''The Leonine Union of the Order of Friars Minor'' by Maurice Carmody, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-084-3 *''Friars Minor in China: 1294 – 1944'', by Arnulf Camps and Pat McCloskey, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1996. ISBN 978-1-57659-002-7 *''In the Name of St. Francis: A History of the Friars Minor and Franciscanism until the Early Sixteenth Century'', by Grado Giovanni Merlo, translated by Robert J. Karris and Raphael Bonanno, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2009. ISBN 978-1-57659-155-0 *''The History of Franciscan Theology'', by Kenan Osborne, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-032-4 *''Friars Minor in Ireland from Their Arrival to 1400'', by Francis Cotter, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-083-6 *''The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform'', by Thaddeus MacVicar, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1986. ISBN 978-1-57659-086-7 *''Medieval Franciscan Houses'', by John R. H. Moorman, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1983. ISBN 978-1-57659-079-9 *''A Poor Man's Legacy: An Anthology of Franciscan Poverty'', by Cyprian Lynch, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1989. ISBN 978-1-57659-069-0 *''The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages'', by E. Randolph Daniel, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1992. ISBN 0-8131-1315-6 *''Peace and Good in America, A History of the Holy Name Province, Order of the Friars Minor, 1850s to the Present'', by Joseph M. White, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57659-196-3 *''The Birth of a Movement'', by David Flood and Thaddee Matura, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1975. ISBN 978-0-8199-0567-3 *''A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517'' by John R. H. Moorman, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1968) ISBN 0-19-826425-9; reprint: Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago, IL (1988) ISBN 0-8199-0921-1 *''Franciscan Philosophy at Oxford in the Thirteenth Century'' by D.E. Sharp, Oxford University Press, London (1930); (a more recent ed.: ISBN 0-576-99216-X) *''Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition)'' by C.H. Lawrence, ISBN 0-582-40427-4 *''The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis'' by David Burr. ISBN 0-271-02128-4 *''Francis and Clare: The Complete Works'' By Ignatius C. Brady, Regis J. Armstrong, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, (1982) ISBN 0-8091-2446-7 *''The Fraternal Economy: A Pastoral Psychology of Franciscan Economics'' By David B. Couturier, Cloverdale Books, South Bend (2007) ISBN 978-1-929569-23-6 *''Francis of Assisi: Early Documents'' 3 Volumes. Edited by Regis J. Armstrong, OFM Cap., J.A. Wayne Hellmann, OFM Conv., and William J. Short, OFM. New York: New City Press. Copyright 1999, Franciscan Institute of Saint Bonaventure University, Saint Bonaventure, NY. ISBN 978-1-56548-110-7. * "The Franciscan Story" by Maurice Carmody, Athena Press Publishing Co. UK (2008). ISBN 1-84748-141-8 ; ISBN 978-1-84748-141-2 * "Santo António de Lisboa - Da Ciência da Escritura ao Livro da Natureza", Maria Cândida Monteiro Pacheco, Imprensa Nacional casa da Moeda,Lisboa, (1997), ISBN 972-27-0855-4 * "O Simbolismo da Natureza em Santo António de Lisboa", José Acácio Aguiar e Castro,Universidade Católica Portugesa- Fundação Engº António de Almeida, Porto, 1997, ISBN UCP 972-9290.13-X /FEAA 972-8386-03-6 ===Makala=== * Schmucki, Oktavian (2000) "Die Regel des Johannes von Matha und die Regel des Franziskus von Assisi. Ähnlichkeiten und Eigenheiten. Neue Beziehungen zum Islam" (pp.&nbsp;219–244) in Cipollone, Giulio (ed.). ''La Liberazione dei 'Captivi' tra Cristianità e Islam: Oltre la Crociata e il Gihâd: Tolleranza e Servizio Umanitario.'' (CollectaneaArchivi Vaticani, 46.) Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City. * [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263206.2012.653139 , Masha Halevi, Between Faith and Science: Franciscan Archaeology in the Service of the Holy Places, Middle Eastern Studies Volume 48, Issue 2, 2012pages 249-267] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Franciscans}} ===Tovuti rasmi=== ====Matawi matatu ya Utawa wa Kwanza==== * [http://www.ofm.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum] * [http://www.ofmcap.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ofmcap.org/ |date=20190816054340 }} * [http://www.ofm-conv.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum Conventualium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ofm-conv.org/ |date=20080509065748 }} ====Utawa wa Tatu==== * [http://www.franciscan.org/ Tertius Ordo Regularis] * [http://www.ciofs.org/en.htm Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ciofs.org/en.htm |date=20130723233555 }} * [http://www.franciscan-brothers.net/ Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis of Assisi] ===Wafransisko Walutheri=== * [http://lutheranfranciscans.org/ Order of Lutheran Franciscans] *{{de icon}} [http://www.hochkirchliche-vereinigung.de/evt.html Evangelische Franziskaner-Tertiaren] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hochkirchliche-vereinigung.de/evt.html |date=20070625145621 }} in Germany. *{{sv icon}} [http://www.fto.st/ Franciskus Tredje Orden] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fto.st/ |date=20130821075633 }} in Sweden. * [http://www.marysisters.org.au/international/kanaan/kanaan-brothers.htm The Kanaan Franciscan Brothers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marysisters.org.au/international/kanaan/kanaan-brothers.htm |date=20110706125151 }} *{{sv icon}} [http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/klostren/Francisk.htm Helige Franciskus Systraskap] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/klostren/Francisk.htm |date=20071214030418 }} *{{sv icon}} [http://www.franciskus.fi/ Franciskus-Sällskapet i Finland] ===Wafransisko Waanglikana=== *[http://www.franciscans.org.uk/ Anglican Franciscans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.org.uk/ |date=20110717021315 }} *[http://www.osffranciscans.com Order of Saint Francis (OSF)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.osffranciscans.com/ |date=20210609173449 }} *[http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ The Little Sisters of St. Clare] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ |date=20100902173451 }} *[http://www.holycrossfranciscans.com/ Franciscan Servants of the Holy Cross – Original Province (FSHC)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.holycrossfranciscans.com/ |date=20141220013315 }} *[http://companyofjesus.org/ The Company of Jesus (CJ)] *[http://www.fodc.net// The Franciscan Order of the Divine Compassion] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fodc.net// |date=20141217105120 }} *[http://cfw.dionc.org// The Community of the Franciscan Way] {{Wayback|url=http://cfw.dionc.org// |date=20140915034157 }} ===Wafransisko wasiobaguana kwa msingi wa madhehebu=== *[http://scjesus.co.uk/ Companions of Jesus] {{Wayback|url=http://scjesus.co.uk/ |date=20140516194105 }}, a non-denominational order. *[http://www.franciscans.com/ Order of Ecumenical Franciscans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.com/ |date=20230208111212 }}, a non-denominational group. == Marejeo kwa utafiti zaidi == * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt5199r1g0/ Online guide to the Academy of American Franciscan History Microfilm Collection, 1526–1972], [[The Bancroft Library]] {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Jamii:Wafransisko| ]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Kanisa Katoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa]] ghyv5ro7vw39296kwvwt80mqkmcvmij 0 17255 1585104 1575539 2026-08-06T16:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Master of San Francesco Bardi, St. Francis and scenes from his life.jpg|thumb|Mt. Fransisko na matukio ya maisha yake, mchoro wa [[karne ya 13]].]] '''Ndugu Wadogo''' ni jina la [[Wafransisko]] wa Utawa wa Kwanza. Hapa inaelezwa historia yao na jinsi walivyogawanyika katika mashirika mbalimbali. ==Ndugu Wadogo kupambana hadi kutenganishwa (1226-1517)== [[Image:Cappella Sassetti Confirmation of the Franciscan Rule 2.jpg|thumb|right|"Uthibitisho wa Kanuni ya Kifransisko" kadiri ya [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]] ([[1449]]-[[1494]]), Cappella Sassetti, [[Florence]], [[Italia]].]] ===Mwanzo wa mapambano (1226-1316)=== [[File:Tomb of Saint Francis - Basilica di San Francesco - Assisi 2016.jpg|thumb|left|[[Masalia]] ya Fransiko wa Asizi juu ya [[altare]] ya kanisa la chini ndani ya [[Basilika la Mt. Fransisko]], [[Assisi]].]] Kifo cha [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] kiliwatia Ndugu Wadogo uchungu uliogeuka mapema kuwa mshangao wenye furaha nd. [[Elia Bombarone]] alipowaandikia juu ya ajabu la [[madonda matakatifu]] mwilini mwake lililobaki siri kwa wote, isipokuwa wachache. Ajabu hilo lisingestahili kusisitizwa zaidi kama lisingekuwa na maana na matokeo makubwa kwa historia iliyofuata, hasa kwa sababu lilikuwa jipya: hivyo wengi waliona linamtambulisha [[mwanzilishi]] wao kama [[mtakatifu]] wa pekee aliyerudisha maisha ya Ki[[injili]] ya [[Yesu]] ndani ya [[Kanisa]]; ilikuwa sawa na kusema hata shirika lake ni la pekee. Kwanza alitafsiriwa kuwa [[Yesu Kristo|Kristo]] wa pili, aliyelingana naye katika mengi, hivi kwamba hana mfano kati ya watakatifu na waanzilishi waliomtangulia. Halafu alitafsiriwa kuwa [[malaika]] wa mhuri wa sita mwenye alama ya [[Mungu]] aliye hai ([[Ufu]] 7:2), yaani mtu aliyetabiriwa katika [[Biblia]] kuwa ataingiza [[historia ya wokovu]] katika hatua mpya. Tafsiri zote mbili zilitegemea madonda hayo kama alama ya pekee iliyomtambulisha pamoja na shirika lake. Tukimchunguza kwa upana katika [[mazingira]] yake – ambayo upande mmoja alitokana nayo, na upande mwingine aliyaelekeza kwa nguvu njia mpya – tunaweza kuelewa sababu za msingi za [[mwangwi]] mkubwa aliousababisha kwa upya wa mtindo wa maisha yake, na kwa msimamo ambao aliutekeleza mpaka mwisho, akijua thamani na mvuto wa mfano alioutoa, lakini pia akitambua haja ya kundi lake dogo kugeuka shirika halisi la [[utawa|kitawa]], lenye [[kanuni]] maalumu na miundo ya kufaa. Ushahidi mkuu wa [[karama]] ya pekee ya Fransisko ni jinsi shirika lake lilivyoweza kustawi ajabu bila ya kutegemezwa na uongozi wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Lakini uenezi huo wa kasi kwa wingi wa watu na kwa upana wa maeneo ulisababisha masuala mengi mazito kutokana na tofauti za hali na mazingira. Alipokuwa bado hai, walio wengi kati ya wafuasi wake walimuona mara moja tu au hawakumfahamu kabisa. Hivyo hawakuweza kuelewa zaidi karama yake aliyoifuata kwa ari ambayo tangu aongoke ilikuwa imezidi tu. Basi, kundi la Watumishi na wasomi wa utawa wake, likisaidiwa na viongozi wa juu wa Kanisa, lilimsonga ili alegeze masharti ya ufukara na kulinganisha zaidi shirika lake na yale ya zamani. Kwa karama yake ya pekee aliweza kukabili upinzani huo wote. Juhudi yake ya mwisho ya kuzuia shirika lisipotoke ni [[wasia]] aliouandika ili kusisitiza msimamo wake, kudai kanuni yake isifafanuliwe, pamoja na kukataza wanashirika wasimuombe [[Papa]] hati yoyote. Maelekezo aliyoyatoa humo ili kufafanua na kusisitiza utekelezaji bora wa kanuni yanaonyesha wazi alivyohisi hatari kubwa ya kuacha au walau kulegeza [[kipeo]] cha [[wongofu]] wake. Lakini [[dalili]] mbalimbali zinaonyesha pia kwamba hakujidanganya kuhusu kesho. Kwa hisi yake ya hali halisi na ya mabadiliko yanayofuatana, pamoja na mang’amuzi ya maisha yake, alitaka hasa mfano wake na wa wenzake wa kwanza ubaki msingi imara wa kudumu, kama tukio la kukataa moja kwa moja mambo kadhaa ya zamani na la kuumua maisha ya kesho. Kwa maana hiyo amebaki mhusika mkuu wa [[historia]] yote ya shirika: wingi wa vitabu vilivyoandikwa juu yake unatokana na haja ya ndugu zake wote kudumisha uhusiano naye ili kuathiriwa naye kwa namna moja au nyingine, kama ilivyojitokeza katika matawi mbalimbali. Basi, ndani yake mwenyewe tunaona asili ya mvutano wa kudumu katika historia ya wafuasi wake na ya matawi yote yaliyojitokeza: kuwa na kielelezo kamili cha kufuatwa, lakini pia kukitekeleza kwa kuzingatia madai ya maisha, yaani kujitahidi mfululizo kulinganisha kipeo na hali halisi. Ndipo inapotokea katika historia yote ya Wafransisko ile hali ya kukosa [[utulivu]], ile kani isiyo na mfano katika mashirika mengine yoyote, ambayo ni dalili ya [[uhai]] usiozimika. Kwa sababu hizo ina umuhimu wa pekee [[karne]] ya kwanza ya Ndugu Wadogo, ambapo mfano wa mwanzilishi ulikuwa bado wa jirani na mchakato wa kuingia kikamilifu katika maisha ya Kanisa ulikuwa mgumu zaidi, kwa sababu muundo wake wenye miaka elfu na zaidi ulikabiliwa na magumu mengi ya ndani na ya nje. Miaka michache baada ya kifo cha Fransisko, utawa wake ulijitokeza [[chachu]] bora ukapata sura maalumu katika mvutano wa kusisimua kati ya [[mapokeo]], yaliyomzingatia zaidi mwanzilishi, na hali halisi za maisha zilizokuwa zinadai mabadiliko. Miaka hiyo ilizidi kutokeza tofauti kati ya wale wachache walioshi karibu naye tangu mwanzo na kuambukizwa umotomoto wake, na wale wengi waliojiunga na shirika lililokwishafanikiwa. Ilikuwa wazi kwamba, kwenye [[umati]] wa watawa, ni lazima kuzingatia [[sheria]] zaidi na zaidi; lakini wafanye nini ili wasiachane hivyo na nia ya mwanzilishi? Ndilo suala lililowachoma na kuwagombanisha. Wanahistoria wa leo wanaweza kutambua kwa urahisi kuliko wao kwamba [[chemchemi]] ileile moja ilikuwa inabubujikia pande mbili ambazo kwa namna tofauti zikaja kuathiri kwa nguvu kubwa [[Kanisa la magharibi]]. Thamani yake inathibitishwa na wale wote waliochota kwa Fransisko na kwa wafuasi wake jambo hili au hili. Miaka ya mwisho ya maisha yake, pamoja na kuzidi kuheshimiwa, alizidi pia kuonekana anazuia shirika lisifuate mkondo wa historia ndani ya Kanisa. Pamoja na kukiri [[utakatifu]] wake na wa karama yake asili, wengi waliona haja ya kuondoa kizuio hicho: ndiyo kazi aliyoikabili ndugu wa kwanza kuchaguliwa mwandamizi wa mwanzilishi baada ya kifo chake: nd. [[Yohane Parenti]] ([[1227]]-[[1232]]). Uchaguzi wake unaonekana kuwa tokeo la [[tathmini]] makini juu ya mahitaji ya shirika: alikuwa mtu mkomavu (aliingia utawani pamoja na mwanae) ambaye alishiriki kwa jirani maisha asili ya Fransisko, lakini pia alipata mang’amuzi mengine kama Mtumishi wa [[Hispania]]. Hivyo aliweza kulinganisha mitazamo tofauti na kuchukua maamuzi ya kufaa akitegemea pia ujuzi wake wa sheria. Tarehe [[16 Julai]] [[1228]] alifurahia [[ibada]] ya fahari ya kumtangaza Fransisko kuwa mtakatifu, akimuachia nd. Elia kazi ngumu ya kumjengea [[kanisa]] ambalo lionyeshe alivyoheshimiwa na waamini wote. Lakini ilimbidi pia kukabili masuala yote yaliyojitokeza shirikani kutoka nchi mbalimbali sana. Hasa lile la msingi lililozidi kusumbua ndugu wengi, kadiri walivyozidi kung’amua ugumu wa kutekeleza kanuni jinsi ilivyo bila ya kuifafanua kama ulivyodai wasia wa mwanzilishi. [[Image:Anthony pereda.jpg|thumb|right|[[Antoni wa Padua]] ([[1195]] hivi - [[1231]]) akimpakata [[Mtoto Yesu]], [[mchoro]] wa [[Antonio de Pereda]] ([[1611]] hivi - [[1678]])]] Basi, yalizuka mabishano makali kati ya walioshikilia wasia huo na wale waliotaka shirika liweze kushindana na mashirika mengine. Yeye na Watumishi wengine kutoka kanda mbalimbali (mmojawao [[Antoni wa Padua]]) wakadhani utatuzi unaweza kutokea kwa Papa tu. Akipokea ombi lao, [[Papa Gregori IX]] ([[1227]]-[[1241]]) alitoa tamko rasmi la kwanza juu ya kanuni (1230), akitumia [[mamlaka]] yake ya Kipapa na hasa ujuzi wake wa nia ya Fransisko (ndiye aliyemsaidia kutunga kanuni alipokuwa bado [[Kardinali]], jina lake Ugolino). Kuhusu wasia alitamka kuwa si sheria inayowabana Wafransisko wasiweze kufafanua kanuni yao wala kufafanuliwa na Kanisa, wala kuomba wala kupewa hati na fadhili za Papa. Sababu ya msingi ni kuwa Kanisa liko juu kuliko kanuni. Kwa kukabili suala hilo kwa mtazamo wa sheria, alikata hamu ya mwanzilishi ya kuiona kanuni kama kituo cha kuanzia safari tu, si kituo cha mwisho. Kwa namna hiyo aliwaingiza zaidi Ndugu Wadogo ndani ya kawaida ya Kanisa. Upande wa [[ufukara]] kwa jumla alitetea msimamo wa mwanzilishi (kwa jinsi alivyomheshimu hata akamtangaza mtakatifu karibu bila ya [[kesi]]), ila aliulegeza kiasi, kwa lengo la kufanikisha zaidi [[utume]] wa Ndugu Wadogo na hivyo kurekebisha Kanisa lililokuwa na hali mbaya kiroho. Kwa ajili hiyo aliwapa pia hati na ruhusa nyingi za pekee dhidi ya mamlaka ya Ma[[askofu]] na ma[[paroko]]. Hivyo njia ikawa wazi kuligeuza shirika la wadogo wanaohubiri [[toba]] kwa [[unyenyekevu]] chini ya [[padri]] yeyote, liwe shirika imara lililo chini ya Maaskofu kwa machache tu. Mageuzi hayo, yaliyosababisha kwa muda mrefu upinzani mwingi wa Maaskofu na mapadri [[wanajimbo]], yalichangiwa pia na ustawishaji wa [[elimu]] ndani ya shirika uliozidi kuwalinganisha Ndugu Wadogo na watawa wengine na kuongeza idadi ya mapadri kati yao. Baada ya nd. Yohane Parenti alichaguliwa nd. Elia, ambaye awali aliteuliwa na Fransisko kuwa Mkuu wa utawa. Kwa wakati huo, jamaa ya kwanza ilipogeuka shirika halisi, alihitajika kiongozi mwenye msimamo na pengine ukali pia. Mt. Fransisko alijieleza kwamba hapendi kutesa, ingawa anaweza. Basi, akamuachia nd. Elia ambaye, mwanzilishi akiwa bado hai, alifuata maelekezo yake, ingawa alimueleza maoni yake pia kuhusu utungaji wa kanuni, hasa kwa lengo la kufanya iwezekane kwa kiongozi kudai utekelezaji wake. Katikati ya vipindi viwili vya uongozi wake ([[1221]]-[[1227]], halafu [[1232]]-[[1239]]) alimjengea Mt. Fransisko kanisa zuri sana, halafu jirani nalo [[konventi]] kubwa mno, ili kushindana na [[abasia]] za [[Wabenedikto]]. Pia alionyesha ushindani fulani na nd. Yohane Parenti, hata akahamisha [[masalia]] yake bila ya kibali chake, akasababisha vurugu kutoka kwa Waasizi. Ulijitokeza hivyo mvutano kati ya asili ya utawa huko [[Asizi]] na hali yake mpya ya kimataifa. Kwa kumchagua tena [[bradha]] huyo, shirika lililenga kuleta usuluhisho kati ya pande hizo mbili: si kurudia maisha ya awali, bali kuokoa usawa kati ya [[makleri]] na mabradha. Nd. Elia alimgeuza mwanzilishi kuwa fahari ya shirika kuliko kielelezo cha kufuatwa. Mwenye vipawa na elimu, aliathiri sana viongozi wa [[dini]] (Gregori IX) na wa siasa ([[kaisari]] [[Federiko II]]), alistawisha [[misheni]] huko Mashariki na kukuza nyumba za masomo, lakini pia alidhulumu vikali watetezi wa kanuni, kama [[Kaisari wa Speyer]]. Bila ya kuweza kutembelea kanda za shirika, alishika uongozi wote mikononi mwake, akichagua Watumishi na walinzi, akihamisha ndugu, akituma wawakilishi wake huko na huko wasimamie (pengine bila ya [[busara]]) kazi ya Watumishi, na akikataa kuwasikiliza na kuitisha mkutano mkuu. Pamoja na hayo, fahari zake binafsi, [[ushuru]] aliowatoza mfululizo Watumishi (kwa ajili ya [[ujenzi]] n.k.), msisitizo wa kwamba kila ndugu ajishughulikie badala ya kusaidiwa na mabradha, vilisababisha hatimaye [[njama]] dhidi yake, hadi Gregori IX akaitisha na kuendesha mkutano mkuu ambao ulimuondoa madarakani na kutunga sheria za kupunguza mamlaka ya Mtumishi mkuu. Badala yake alichaguliwa nd. [[Alberto wa Pisa]] ([[1239]]-[[1240]]), Mtumishi wa [[Uingereza]], kanda ambayo kuliko zote ilikua mbali na Mt. Fransisko na kujali elimu. Ingawa alikufa baada ya miezi michache tu, uchaguzi wake ulionyesha kwamba maendeleo ya shirika, yaliyotakiwa na viongozi wa Kanisa na ndugu walio wengi, yataanza tena kusonga mbele moja kwa moja. Kwamba maendeleo hayo yalikuwa kinyume cha nia asili ya mwanzilishi (walivyosisitiza wenzake na wengineo waliomfahamu vizuri) haikuwa kizuio kwa umati walioridhika kutekeleza amri za kanuni, kuwa mafukara kuliko watawa wengine na kuheshimiwa na waamini pia kwa niaba ya mzee wao aliyezidi kutazamwa mkuu ajabu. Baada yake akachaguliwa nd. [[Aimoni wa Faversham]] (1240-1244), Mwingereza [[mwanateolojia]] aliyeongoza upinzani dhidi ya nd. Elia. Ndiye aliyelipatia shirika sura ya kudumu kufuatana na mfano wa [[Wadominiko]] upande wa muundo, utume, masomo na [[liturujia]]. Taratibu za maisha zikazidi kufuata mitindo ya [[umonaki|kimonaki]], pamoja na watawa kujitafutia visingizio vya kisheria wasibanwe nazo. Makao ya kifukara ya upwekeni yalizidi kuachwa ili wanashirika wahamie nyumba kubwa za mijini, zenye makanisa makubwa ambamo wafanye utume, wakiwanyang’anya maparoko waamini na [[sadaka]] zao. Alikubaliwa na Gregori IX kwamba Watumishi wa kanda pia waweze kuruhusu ndugu wakahubiri. Kama alivyofanya mwenyewe huko [[Paris]], Ndugu Wadogo wakazidi kushika nafasi kwenye [[vyuo vikuu]] na vinginevyo, na kuwa na uzito mkubwa ndani ya Kanisa, jambo lililowasogeza mbali na [[udogo]] uliowapasa. Badala ya ndugu wote kuwa sawa, mabradha wakanyimwa kabisa nafasi za uongozi na kukubaliwa tu kutoa huduma ndogondogo za nyumbani ([[bustani]] n.k.), wakiwaachia raia huduma duni zaidi. Kazi za mikono nje ya konventi zilikatazwa; badala yake ile ya kuombaomba ikaja kusifiwa na kushika nafasi ya kwanza upande wa [[uchumi]]. Zilipangwa pia njia za hakika za kupata mahitaji, hasa kwa nyumba za masomo. Alipokufa, mvutano ndani ya shirika ulijitokeza kwa nguvu. Mtumishi mkuu aliyechaguliwa, nd. [[Kreshensi wa Iesi]] ([[1244]]-[[1247]]) akiona kwamba Fransisko alitazamwa bado na wote kuwa kielelezo cha wadogo, aliagiza mapema zikusanywe habari zote juu yake, halafu akamuagiza nd. [[Thoma wa Celano]] aandike upya maisha ya mwanzilishi. Waliolilia hali ya awali (wenzi wa Mt. Fransisko na ndugu “wenye ari”) walipoona Mtumishi mkuu hakubaliani nao, walichagua wajumbe 72 wakajieleze kwa [[Papa Inosenti IV]] ([[1243]]-[[1254]]) ili aingilie kati. Lakini Kreshensi aliwasema kwa Papa na kumuomba awaadhibu; mwenyewe aliwatawanya wengine ili awavunje nguvu. Papa, akiwa [[mwanasheria]] mwenye hakika kuhusu ukuu wa mamlaka yake, aliona kanuni ya Ndugu Wadogo, kama kanuni nyingine zote, ni sheria tu ambayo Papa anaweza kuifanyia lolote; vilevile aliona shirika lao kuwa kama mengine yote akalisukuma lizidi kutia maanani elimu. Hivyo alitoa ([[1245]]) tamko la pili juu ya kanuni ili kuilegeza: hasa alitamka kuwa vitu vyote ambavyo shirika linavyo, kama si vya wafadhili tena, basi ni vya Papa. Hivyo kwa kutofautisha kutumia vitu na kuvimiliki kisheria, Ndugu Wadogo waliweza kujidai mafukara ingawa wanatumia vingi, eti si vya kwao! Lakini wengi hawakuridhika na ujanja huo, usiolingana na roho ya Kiinjili ya Fransisko, wala na dhuluma za nd. Kreshensi dhidi ya ndugu wenye [[ari]]. Basi, katika mkutano mkuu ulioagizwa na Papa walimuondoa madarakani wakamchagua [[Yohane wa Parma]] ([[1247]]-[[1257]]), mtu wa kufaa sana kwa elimu na utakatifu, aliyeongoza hasa kwa mfano wa maisha yake bora. Kitu cha kwanza alifuta lawama na adhabu zote dhidi ya ndugu wenye ari. Halafu akatembelea kwa miguu kanda zote akiwa na [[kanzu]] moja tu tena kikuukuu na kuamsha nia ya kushika kanuni na wasia. Ingawa aliwahi kufundisha katika vyuo vikuu vitatu, alikusudia hasa kurudisha shirika katika hali ya mwanzoni, kwa kukataa [[fadhili]] za Papa na kwa kuheshimu Maaskofu na mapadri. Hivyo mkutano mkuu (1254) ulisimamisha utumiaji wa fadhili kadhaa. Lakini, alivyosema [[Egidi wa Asizi]] (+[[1262]]), juhudi hizo nzuri zilikuwa zimechelewa zisiweze kurekebisha shirika lote. Wapinzani walimshtaki Yohane kwa Papa, akalazimika kujiuzulu. Mkutano mkuu ulitaka aendelee, lakini mwenyewe hakurudi nyuma. Hatimaye aliombwa amchague mwandamizi wake, naye akamtaja [[Bonaventura wa Bagnoregio]] akaenda kuishi upwekeni kwa miaka 30, akikataa mara mbili ukardinali. [[Image:François, Claude (dit Frère Luc) - Saint Bonaventure.jpg|thumb|left|[[Bonaventura wa Bagnoregio]] ([[1221]] - [[1274]]), mchoro wa [[Claude François]], [[1650]]-[[1660]] hivi.]] Bonaventura aliweza kuongoza muda mrefu ([[1257]]-[[1274]]) kuliko waliomtangulia. Kufuatana na [[tabia]] na [[malezi]] yake (alijiunga na shirika huko Paris), yeye alikubali hali ilivyo na kujitahidi kuepusha shirika na hatari za nje na za ndani alizoziona mapema. Upande wa ndani, kielelezo cha Fransisko kilitakiwa kuzingatiwa na wote kwa [[umoja]], bila ya kupishana kuhusu namna ya kukitazama. Kwa ajili hiyo Mt. Bonaventura alitunga [[kitabu]] rasmi cha maisha yake kilichopitishwa na mkutano mkuu hata ukaagiza maandishi yote yaliyotangulia yateketezwe. Ndivyo shirika lilivyopotewa kwa muda mrefu na habari nyingi muhimu juu ya mwanzilishi. Kitabu alichokiandika, bila ya kusema [[uongo]], kinasisitiza mang’amuzi yake bora ya kiroho kwa kuficha mambo fulanifulani kuhusu kipeo cha udogo. Kinaleta baadhi tu ya matendo na mafundisho ya Fransisko yaliyochaguliwa kwa makini ili kumchora kama mfano kamili wa Kristo msulubiwa, na hasa kama yule malaika wa mhuri wa sita mwenye alama (madonda matakatifu) ya Mungu aliye hai aliyetabiriwa na Ufu 7:2 kuwa ataleta Injili ya milele, yaani kanuni yake! Ndugu Wadogo walimuona hivyo mwanzilishi wao wakajiona ndio shirika jipya ambalo lilete Kanisa la Kiroho lenye kufuata ufukara kadiri ya [[unabii]] na mafundisho yaliyolaaniwa ya [[abati]] [[Yohakimu wa Fiore]] (+[[1202]]). Mt. Bonaventura aliheshimu ufukara kama sifa kuu na utukufu wa shirika, ingawa alifurahia baadhi ya mabadiliko yaliyotokea. Kwake elimu pamoja na utume ni sehemu ya lazima ya utendaji wa Kifransisko ndani ya Kanisa. Kwa ajili hiyo alikubali bila ya wasiwasi matamko ya Mapapa juu ya kanuni kama ufafanuzi rasmi wa wachungaji wakuu wa Kanisa na wa shirika pia, pamoja na ruhusa walilolipatia shirika, ingawa kwa udogo alipenda kupatana na Maaskofu na maparoko. Alijipangia kulinganisha uaminifu kwa kanuni na mabadiliko ya shirika, akionyesha hayo hayaendi kinyume cha nia ya mwanzilishi. Ili athibitishe hayo ilimpasa kuziondolea lawama msingi wowote kwa kuadhibu vikali waliovunja kanuni. Basi, chini ya uongozi wake shirika likatulia, kwa jinsi alivyoweza kulinganisha [[upendo]] kwa Fransisko na [[furaha]] kwa mabadiliko, hamu ya kuishi upwekeni na utetezi wa konventi za mijini. Kwa nje shirika likazidi kuheshimiwa na kushika nafasi katika maisha ya Kanisa (utume mbalimbali, uchaguzi wa Papa, [[Mtaguso mkuu]]). Lakini mafanikio hayo yalizidisha [[kiburi]] cha wanashirika na upinzani wa Maaskofu na maparoko dhidi yao. Alipokuwa bado Paris huo ulikuwa umeungwa mkono na [[chuo kikuu]]: hapo hazikupingwa tu ruhusa kadhaa walizopewa Ndugu Wadogo na Wadominiko, bali msingi wenyewe wa mtindo wa maisha yao. Baada ya yeye na [[Thoma wa Akwino]] kuutetea, Papa alilaani upinzani na kusifu sana mtindo huo wa Kiinjili. Mwalimu huyo kuchaguliwa kuwa Mtumishi mkuu kukawa ushindi mwingine mkubwa chuoni. Katika miaka yake ya mwisho ilimbidi tena kutetea shirika lake kwa maandishi pia. Bonaventura akafa akiwa Kardinali askofu, wakati wa [[Mtaguso II wa Lyon]], ambao ulihatarisha [[mashirika ya Ombaomba]], lakini hatimaye ulipitisha tu hati ya kuyafuta yote isipokuwa Wadominiko na Wafransisko, pamoja na [[Waaugustino]] na [[Wakarmeli]]. Hata hivyo iliwabidi hao wapatane na wanajimbo kwa kujinyima baadhi ya ruhusa walizopewa. Mapapa waliofuata wakaendelea kuwarudishia au kuwanyang’anya tena, mpaka [[Mtaguso wa Vienne]] ([[1311]]-[[1312]]) ulipofaulu kuwatungia sheria ya kudumu: kwamba kuhusu maisha yao ya ndani na uongozi wawe chini ya Papa moja kwa moja, ila kuhusu utume nje ya makanisa yao wawe chini ya Maaskofu na maparoko. Watumishi wakuu waliofuata hawakujaribu kuacha nyayo za Bonaventura; hata ushindani ulipozuka tena ndani ya shirika, hakuna aliyethubutu kukanusha ubora wa kazi yake. Hata hivyo mambo yakawa magumu kiasi kwamba suala la ndugu “wa Kiroho” (yaani wenye nia ya kushika kanuni kadiri ya [[Roho Mtakatifu]]) likawa zito kwa Kanisa lote. Wakati wa Mtaguso II wa Lyon, baadhi ya ndugu walijiandaa kukataa maagizo waliyoambiwa watapewa kinyume cha [[haki]]. Upinzani wao ukalipuka hasa baada ya [[Papa Nikola III]] ([[1277]]-[[1280]]) kutoa hati nyingine juu ya kanuni ([[1279]]) ili kuwaondolea Ndugu Wadogo wasiwasi wowote kuhusu namna ya kuitekeleza, pamoja na kuwatetea dhidi ya maadui wa nje. Hati hiyo inafuata kabisa msimamo wa Bonaventura kuhusu matumizi ya kifukara kweli: Ndugu Wadogo hawana haki ya kutumia vitu, ila wanaruhusiwa kuvitumia kadiri ya ufukara na uduni. Ingawa hati hiyo ilitungwa kwa busara sana, baada ya kamati kabambe kuiandaa kwa miezi miwili, utekelezaji wake ukaja kusababisha mabishano makubwa kwa miaka mingi, kuanzia [[Ufaransa]] Kusini na [[Italia]] ya Kati. Mwakilishi bora wa msimamo mkali ni nd. [[Petro wa Yohane Olivi]] (+[[1298]]), aliyeunganisha pande hizo mbili tofauti: wa kwanza ulitegemea ujuzi mkubwa ukaathiri zaidi Kanisa kwa ufundishaji, uchungaji na uanzishaji wa jumuia za waamini zilizowaunga mkono; wa pili ulitegemea zaidi kumbukumbu chungu za wenzi wa Mt. Fransisko na matabiri juu ya [[dhuluma]] utawani ukaishia kuathiri shirika (hata kwa utunzi wa vitabu muhimu, hasa cha [[Ubertino wa Casale]] +[[1329]]), lakini pia kufanya [[umisionari]] mkubwa hadi [[India]] na kuuchochea kama sehemu ya uaminifu wao kwa kanuni. Mabishano yalichangiwa na Mtumishi mkuu kukosekana muda mrefu au kulemewa na majukumu mengine kutoka kwa Papa. Viongozi waliofuatana katika ngazi mbalimbali, mara walijaribu kukomesha vikali msimamo mkali, mara waliuunga mkono. Mapapa kadhaa walitumia nguvu, isipokuwa [[Papa Selestini V]] ([[1294]]), aliyetazamwa kuwa “Papa wa kimalaika” atakayeanzisha Kanisa la Kiroho. Yeye aliwaruhusu waliotaka wajitenge na “jumuia” (walivyojiita umati wa ndugu waliopenda maendeleo) wakaishi upwekeni wakifuata kanuni na wasia bila ya kujali matamko ya Kanisa. Ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa shirika kugawanyika. Alipojiuzulu, mwandamizi wake [[Papa Bonifasi VIII]] ([[1295]]-[[1303]]) alifuta mara maamuzi yake yote, na katika miezi michache iliyofuata aliwaagiza hao [[Waselestini]] warudi shirikani, akamuondoa madarakani Mtumishi mkuu aliyewatetea, akamweka mwingine kinyume chao, akawakatalia wasikate rufaa kwake dhidi ya dhuluma. Viongozi wao, nd. [[Liberato wa Macerata]] (+[[1307]]) na nd. [[Anjelo Klareno]] (+[[1337]]), walikimbilia [[Ugiriki]] wasije wakafungwa tena (waliwahi kukaa gerezani zaidi ya miaka 10). Jina la ndugu “wa Kiroho” likawa na maana mpya baadhi yao walipopinga uongozi wa Kanisa, wakitangaza ubatili wa kujiuzulu kwa Selestini V na wa kuchaguliwa Bonifasi VIII; halafu wakadai Mapapa waliotoa matamko juu ya kanuni kuwa wazushi. Kinyume na mtangulizi wake, [[Papa Klemensi V]] ([[1305]]-[[1314]]) alipenda kusikiliza wote, halafu akatoa ([[1312]]) tamko jipya juu ya kanuni ili kuondoa wasiwasi hasa kwa kubainisha amri za kanuni na kiasi ambacho zinawabana Ndugu Wadogo. Ingawa hakukubali msimamo wa ndugu “wa Kiroho” kuhusu mamlaka ya Kanisa juu ya kanuni, aliwaweka chini ya ulinzi wake; viongozi waliowadhulumu waliondolewa, na makosa dhidi ya ufukara yalirekebishwa ili kukwepa [[farakano]]. Lakini ikawa bure. ===Marekebisho na utengano (1316-1517)=== Kiburi kilichowapata Ndugu Wadogo katika karne yao ya kwanza, kutokana na mafanikio yao na mashindano na Maaskofu, kikafikia upeo walipopingana na Papa pia, ambaye mamlaka yake ilikuwa imeanza kupunguza. Ndipo shirika lilipopitia hatari kubwa kuliko zote za historia yake. Mara baada ya kuchaguliwa, [[Papa Yohane XXII]] ([[1316]]-[[1334]]), akisukumwa na Mtumishi mkuu nd. [[Mikaeli wa Cesena]] ([[1316]]-[[1328]]), alifululiza kutoa amri zilizolenga kukomesha ndugu “wa Kiroho”, mpaka 4 kati yao walichomwa moto sokoni. Hapo uasi wa wengi ukawa wazi usijali kutengwa na Kanisa wala kuhukumiwa adhabu ya kifo. Hasa [[Waklareno]] wakaendelea hivyo zaidi ya miaka mia mpaka [[Yohane wa Capestrano]] na [[Yakobo wa Marka]] walipowapatanisha na Kanisa ([[1430]] hivi), hata wakarudi chini ya Mtumishi wa shirika lote (1473) wakiwa na Makamu maalumu wa kwao. Mwaka [[1323]] Papa, akiendelea na [[vita]] vyake, alitoa hati ya kulaani dhana ya Ndugu Wadogo wote (iliyokubaliwa na mkutano mkuu [[1322]]) kuwa Kristo na [[Mitume wa Yesu|mitume]] hawakumiliki chochote wala binafsi wala kwa pamoja. Badala ya kukubali tamko hilo, Mtumishi mkuu na wanashirika karibu wote walilikataa hata kumtangaza Yohane XXII kuwa [[mzushi]]. Mfalme mkuu wa [[Ujerumani]], ili apate nguvu dhidi ya Papa, akawapokea Ndugu Wadogo chini ya ulinzi wake akafanya mmojawao atangazwe kinyume cha sheria kuwa ni Papa badala ya Yohane XXII (bado hai). Baadaye kidogo uasi huo ukaisha, lakini matokeo ya kwazo kubwa hivi yalichangia sana kudidimia kwa shirika. Matukio mengine ya nje yaliyochangia ni: [[vita vya miaka mia]] (1339-1453) katika sehemu kubwa ya [[Ulaya]]; [[tauni]] (1348-1350) iliyoua thuluthi mbili za wanashirika (matokeo yake waliobaki walikusanyika katika konventi kubwa zenye hali nzuri zaidi kiuchumi, walipunguza utume na kupokea miito bila ya kuichuja); [[farakano la Kanisa la Magharibi]] (1378-1418) lililoleta fujo na utovu wa nidhamu; hatimaye kufifia kwa tunu bora za [[karne za kati]]. Upande wa ufukara uamuzi wa Yohane XXII wa kulinganisha Ndugu Wadogo na mashirika mengine ulisababisha hao wasimamie mali na kutumia pesa (hata za binafsi) kinyume cha kanuni. Kilele cha fujo kikawa miaka ya farakano la Magharibi, ambapo kwa wakati mmoja kulikuwa na Watumishi wakuu wawili au watatu, kila mmojawao akimfuata Papa wa [[Roma]], au yule wa [[Avinyoni]] au hatimaye yule wa [[Pisa]]. Hata hivyo baadhi yao waliongoza vizuri na kuchangia amani ya Kanisa hadi ulipopatikana [[umoja]] wake na wa shirika mwaka 1418. Pamoja na matatizo hayo yote, kuanzia mwaka 1334 baadhi ya wanashirika [[Italia]], halafu [[Hispania]] na Ufaransa, walijiombea ruhusa ya Mtumishi mkuu au ya Papa waweze kuishi kijumuia kadiri ya kanuni, bila ya kutumia fadhili za kuilegeza. Wakati huo marekebisho ya namna hiyo yalitokea hata katika mashirika mengine, ingawa kwa kiasi kidogo zaidi. Ni kwamba kati ya Wafransisko kuna utata wa kudumu kuhusu namna ya kulinganisha kipeo asili na maisha halisi, au sehemu mbalimbali za karama ileile: katika karne XIV-XV utata huo ulisababisha mapambano ya kishujaa. Walioanzisha [[urekebisho]] walikuwa watawa (wengi wao mabradha wasio na elimu) wasioridhika na hali ya shirika. Wakililia hali ya mwanzoni, walilaumu maisha ya wenzao na uongozi wa Watumishi. Hao waliitikia kwa ukali wakijisingizia wanapaswa kudumisha nidhamu na kutetea haki ya walio wengi ya kutumia ruhusa za Kanisa. Kwa kawaida waanzilishi wa marekebisho hawakuwa watakatifu, bali nia yao ilichanganyikana na upungufu wa unyenyekevu na [[utiifu]]. Wakidai haki ya kufuata kanuni “Kiroho” kadiri ya sura ya 10, walikimbilia ngazi za juu kwa msaada wa wanasiasa ambao – sawa na watu wa kawaida – kila mara walipendelea urekebisho. Kisha kukubaliwa, marekebisho yakavuta miito bora: k.mf. kati ya mwaka 1402 na 1416 walijiunga na [[Waoservanti]] [[Bernardino wa Siena]], Yohane wa Capestrano, [[Alberto wa Sarteano]] na Yakobo wa Marka ambao wanaitwa “nguzo nne za Oservansya (= kushikakanuni)”. Marekebisho yote, pamoja na kusisitiza ufukara, yalijali sana [[kimya]] na [[sala ya moyo]] upwekeni. Kama tunda la maisha ya namna hiyo yalifanya pia kazi kubwa tena bora ya kuhubiri, na hivyo kurudisha ule uwiano aliokuwa nao mwanzilishi. Mwishowe haki ya kushika kanuni kiaminifu ikatambulikana na Kanisa. [[Image:Saint Bernardino of Siena.PNG|thumb|[[Bernardino wa Siena]] ([[1380]]-[[1440]]), mchoro wa [[Jacopo Bellini]] ([[1400]] hivi - [[1470]] hivi).]] Mahali pa kwanza walipokusanyika ni makao ya upwekeni ya [[Brogliano]] karibu na [[Asizi]]. Aliyestawisha zaidi kwanzia mwaka 1368 ni [[Paolucho Trinci]] (+1390), bradha aliyefanywa mkurugenzi wa jumuia zilizofuata urekebisho Italia, akiwa na haki ya kupokea wanovisi na kuanzisha nyumba nyingine. Dhidi ya upinzani wa Watumishi, [[Mtaguso wa Konstans]] (1415) uliwaruhusu Waoservanti kuenea katika kanda zote za shirika, kupokea wanashirika wote watakaopenda kujiunga nao, tena kuwa na kiongozi maalumu, yaani Watunzaji wao wawe chini ya mmojawao kama makamu wa Mtumishi mkuu badala ya kubaki chini ya Watumishi wa kanda. Hata hivyo marekebisho mengine yaliyokwishaanza ([[Wavilyakresi]], [[Wakoleta]], [[Waamadei]] na Waklareno) hayakupenda kujiunga na Waoservanti. [[Wakonventuali]] walipinga vikali uamuzi wa [[Mtaguso]], na juhudi za Mapapa hazikuweza kurudisha amani, kwa kuwa hao hawakukubali kurekebishwa, wala Waoservanti kukaa chini yao. Wakati majaribio mbalimbali yalipoendelea kushindikana, Oservansya ikaenea na kustawi, hadi [[Papa Eugenio IV]] (1431-1447) alipoiruhusu kujifanyia mikutano mikuu na ya kanda ili kujichagulia viongozi (1446). Ushindi mwingine ukawa tangazo la kuwa Bernardino wa Siena, Mkuu wake wa kwanza, ni mtakatifu (1450). [[Papa Leo X]] (1513-1521) alifanya jaribio la mwisho alipoitisha mkutano mkuu wa wote pamoja (1517), wakiwa na viongozi wa marekebisho mengine. Wakonventuali wakakataa tena shirika lote lisifuate urekebisho wala kuongozwa na Mwoservanti. Basi, Papa akaamua kuwatenganisha moja kwa moja, na kupindua uhusiano kati yao: Waoservanti wawe na hadhi ya kuwa ndio shirika halisi (OFM), wakati waliotetea maisha yaliyofuatwa katika konventi kubwa wakakubaliwa kuendelea nayo kwa kutumia fadhili halali walizopewa, lakini kama tawi tu (OFMConv). Alimlazimisha Mtumishi mkuu wa Wakonventuali kujiuzulu na kukabidhi mhuri wa shirika kwa Waoservanti, ambao Mtumishi wao aitwe Mtumishi mkuu wa shirika lote, likiwa ni pamoja na marekebisho mengine. Wakonventuali wasishiriki tena uchaguzi wa Mtumishi mkuu, wala kiongozi wao asiitwe Mtumishi bali Mwalimu mkuu tu! Hata hivyo wasisumbuliwe kwa kutumia fadhili walizopewa na Kanisa. Waoservanti wabaki na nyumba zao, na Wakonventuali na nyumba zao, bila ya kuvuka toka upande mmoja kwenda upande mwingine. Ingawa hakuna takwimu ya wanashirika kabla ya karne XVII, tunaweza kuwakadiria kutokana na idadi ya nyumba na ya wastani wa ndugu walioishi katika nyumba: *mwaka 1226: ndugu 5,000; *mwaka 1300: ndugu 40,000; *mwaka 1400: ndugu 25,000; *mwaka 1517: ndugu 50,000 na zaidi (elfu 20 au 25 Wakonventuali na 30 au 32 Waoservanti) ===Maisha ndani ya shirika (1226-1517)=== Kujua maisha ya ndani ya shirika lolote ni muhimu kuliko kujua matukio makuu ya miundo yake. Basi, tuone jamaa ya Ndugu Wadogo ilivyoendelea kwa ndani katika karne tatu za kwanza tulizokwishaziona. Baada ya kifo cha mwanzilishi wanashirika walizidi kumiminika mijini, katika konventi kubwa zaidi na zaidi, na zenye sura ya kimonaki zaidi na zaidi (kanisa kubwa, ukumbi wa mikutano, ua, bustani na kuta za kandokando…). Kanuni iliendelea kuzingatiwa, lakini kwa mtazamo wa kisheria, kufuatana na matamko ya Mapapa juu yake. Ufukara mkuu ukaja kuwa sifa maalumu za kujitangazia shirika bora kuliko mengine, pamoja na kujipongeza kwa kuwa na mwanzilishi aliye Kristo wa pili, mtakatifu kuliko wengine (tazama ngao ya shirika ya karne XV yenye msalaba iliposulibiwa pamoja mikono ya Kristo na Fransisko). Lakini utekelezaji ukawa wa kinafiki sana, k.mf. tendo la ndugu kusafiri na boi ambaye amchukulie pesa asije akazigusa mwenyewe lilihukumiwa tayari na katiba ya [[Narbona]] (1260) iliyotungwa kama kinga ya kanuni, halafu ikarekebishwa mara nyingi ili kudhibiti makosa yaliyojitokeza pamoja na kudumisha [[usawa]] katika sura ya nje ya watawa na katika matumizi ya kila siku. Kimya kilichosisitizwa na Fransisko kama sharti la [[sala]], kikaja kuratibiwa kwa mfano wa [[monasteri]]: kwamba kimya kikuu kiwe cha kudumu katika kanisa, [[maktaba]], vyumba vya kulala, ua na mezani wakati wa kula. Zaidi ya hicho, kitunzwe daima na popote kimya cha Kiinjili, yaani kukwepa maneno yoyote yasiyofaa (Mathayo 12:36). Katiba haikuzungumzia maburudisho, lakini sikukuu zilikuwa na nafasi za kufurahia udugu (vyakula na [[divai]], nyimbo, maigizo na michezo), ingawa ilikatazwa mara nyingi ndugu wasipite [[kiasi]]. Hatujui vitendo vya [[toba]] vya kijumuia vilipoanza; lakini mwanzoni mwa karne XIV Ndugu Wadogo walikuwa wakijipiga mijeledi kila siku ya [[Kwaresima]], halafu mara tatu kwa juma nyakati nyingine. Adhabu alizozitoa mwanzilishi zikaja kuongezwa chini ya Elia hata kuratibiwa na sheria. Mapema ulifuatwa mfano wa Wadominiko wa konventi zote kuwa na ma[[gereza]], ila yajali utu. Wasiojirekebisha wafukuzwe shirikani. Mpaka mwaka 1239 ndugu wakleri na mabradha waliishi kwa usawa alivyotaka Fransisko. Baadaye shirika likabadilika na kuwa la kikleri. Sababu ni mbalimbali: heshima kubwa ya mwanzilishi kwa mapadri, ongezeko la mapadri kwa idadi na ubora, chuki ya wengi kwa sera ya Elia aliyependelea mabradha wenzake katika uongozi. Miaka miwili tu baada ya kumuondosha, mabradha wakajikuta hawaruhusiwi tena kuwa na cheo chochote, halafu ikakatazwa wasipokewe tena shirikani, isipokuwa kwa sababu ya pekee. Pia mabradha walifungiwa kabisa mlango wa ukleri kwa kufafanua visivyo maneno ya kanuni yasemayo, “wasio na elimu wasijisumbue kusudi waipate”. Basi, baada ya katazo la kufanya kazi za mikono nje ya konventi kama zamani, sura ya bradha Mfransisko ikawa kwa karne nyingi ile ya mtu ambaye hana sauti wala [[kura]], amekusudiwa kutoa huduma za konventini na kuombaomba, ambaye heshima yake kubwa ni kuwatumikia wanashirika mapadri. Hivyo miito ya namna hiyo haikutoka tena kwa watu wenye elimu wenye kulenga utakatifu wa Kifransisko, bali kwa watu wadogo, wasiojua kusoma, wasio na mbele wala nyuma, ambao wengi wao waliingia utawani kujitafutia tu maisha ya hakika. Hapo ilibidi wachujwe sana. Kwa njia hiyo sura ya ndani ya jamaa ilibadilika sana, kwa kuwa na ma[[tabaka]] yenye [[kazi]] tofauti, [[haki]] tofauti na [[malezi]] tofauti. Ila marekebisho yakajaribu kurudia hali ya mwanzoni. Baadaye ikatokea migawanyiko mingine kati ya waliopewa na wasiopewa fadhili, yaani ruhusa za pekee. Kwanza zilitolewa kwa walimu na wanafunzi ili kustawisha masomo katika ngazi za juu, halafu katika ngazi ya kati na ya chini. Wakaja kuongezwa waliowahi kuwa na vyeo, wazee na hatimaye wahubiri. Malalamiko yakawa mengi, hasa walionyimwa walipokosa hata mahitaji yao, ingawa wagonjwa waliendelea kushughuliwa vizuri, na haki zao zilitetewa na sheria. Utaratibu wa kimonaki wa kuwapanga watawa kufuatana na muda wa kukaa utawani, uliokataliwa mwanzoni ukajipenyeza shirikani; hata katika hilo, na katika kuwapa viongozi heshima kubwa za nje, marekebisho yakarudia usahili wa mwanzoni. Fransisko aliwazoesha wafuasi wake kuwa wazi kati yao, kuelezana habari za safari, kujishtaki kwa unyenyekevu na kuomba msamaha. Ndiyo asili ya “[[mkutano wa makosa]]” ambao uliagizwa na [[katiba]] (1260) mara moja kwa wiki, ukifuatwa na mkutano wa jumuia uliojadili masuala ya pamoja. Mpango wa mwanzilishi wa kuwatuma wafuasi wake ulimwenguni wawiliwawili uliendelea, ila kwa shabaha ya kulindana bila ya kuaminiana, badala ya kushuhudia umoja wa kidugu na kusaidiana. Malezi kwa jumla yalilenga zaidi maisha ya ndani kuliko kwenda ulimwenguni, jambo lililotarajiwa kuwa la nadra tu. Mipango ya kwanza kwa malezi iliratibiwa na katiba (1260). Walezi walisaidiwa na vitabu kadhaa, hasa “Kielelezo cha Nidhamu” cha [[Bernardo wa Besse]] (+1300 hivi) ambacho kinalenga nidhamu, adabu njema, usafi na taratibu za kimonaki kuliko mitindo ya Kifransisko. Baada ya kumaliza [[unovisi]], watawa wapya waliendelea kulelewa walau miaka mitatu, ingawa kazi hiyo ilionekana mapema kuwa ngumu sana. Sehemu mbalimbali (hasa Wakonventuali) walianza kupokea watoto wadogo kama walivyofanya wamonaki. Toka mwanzo kazi za Ndugu Wadogo zilikuwa tatu: sala, kazi za mikono na mahubiri; [[uvivu]] ulikuwa tishio kwa mwanzilishi na viongozi wengine. Bonaventura alipochaguliwa aliwaandikia mara wanashirika wote ili kuwaonyesha hatari hiyo kubwa, lakini alipinga kabisa watawa kufanya kazi za mikono zenye malipo. Badala yake walitafutiwa kazi nyingine mbalimbali: kusoma, kuimba [[Zaburi]], kutoa huduma za nyumbani, kuombaomba n.k. Mchango muhimu mmojawapo wa mashirika ya Ombaomba ni kujenga daraja kati ya liturujia ya monasteri na ya makanisa makuu na mahitaji ya kidini ya jamii yenye kubadilika. Ndugu Wadogo, wakitumia haki ya wakati huo ya kila shirika kujitengenezea liturujia yake, walistawisha [[kalenda]] na taratibu zao, pamoja na kufuata kimsingi zile za Roma. Walizifupisha kwa faida ya sala ya moyo, na kuzisogeza jirani na haja za mtu binafsi. Ingawa wapinzani walisema kufanya hivyo ni kuvuruga liturujia, Mapapa wakaja kueneza [[breviari]] ya Kifransisko katika Kanisa lote la [[Kilatini]]. Hata [[misale]] ya Kiroma iliyotumiwa na kurekebishwa na Ndugu Wadogo ikaja kuenea: taratibu nyingi za [[ibada]], nyimbo na [[sikukuu]] mpya ziliingizwa nao kabla hazijakubaliwa kwa Kanisa lote. Kwa juhudi na mafanikio ya pekee zilistawishwa ibada kwa [[Ekaristi]], jina la Yesu, kuzaliwa kwake na kuteseka ([[Njia ya Msalaba]]), [[Bikira Maria]] ([[Kukingiwa Dhambi ya Asili]]). Kwa ajili hiyo, nje ya ibada walitumia pia maigizo, wakisaidiwa na [[Utawa III]]. Baada ya jumuia zote kupata kanisa la kitawa ambapo iliwabidi waadhimishe [[Sala ya Kanisa]], ibada zilizidi kuwa za fahari, hasa kwa lengo la kuwapa kazi ya kufanya ndugu wasiosoma wala kuhubiri. Kwa sababu hiyohiyo, juu ya Sala ya Kanisa vikaongezwa vipindi vingine kwa ajili ya wafu, kwa heshima ya Bikira Maria n.k. Hoja ya msingi ilikuwa kwamba walio wengi wasingefanya bidii katika sala ya binafsi. Kama kawaida, marekebisho yalirudia kusisitiza sala ya moyo na kusoma tu Zaburi, pamoja na kuadhimisha [[Misa]] pasipo fahari katika makanisa madogomadogo. Wasio mapadre walihudhuria Misa, ila ilikuwa kawaida kupokea Ekaristi kila baada ya wiki mbili. Kumbe maungamo yalikuwa mara mbili kwa juma. Kati ya walimu wa kiroho Bonaventura alishika nafasi ya kwanza. Maandishi yake yote yalilenga [[maisha ya kiroho]], na kuathiri sana shirika na Kanisa lote hadi leo; ndiyo sababu akatangazwa [[mwalimu wa Kanisa]] kwa jina la “mwalimu wa kiserafi”. Tukiacha waandishi wengine bora na kuzingatia waliofaulu kuyatekeleza kikamilifu maisha ya kiroho, tunakuta katika karne tatu za kwanza walifariki watakatifu 25 na wenye heri 61: ndio ushahidi bora wa jinsi kipeo cha Kifransisko kinavyofaa. Wa kwanza ni wafiadini wa [[Moroko]] (5 wa mwaka 1220, na 7 wa mwaka 1227). Kufuatana na mfano wao alijiunga na shirika [[Antoni wa Padua]] (+1231), “mwalimu wa Kiinjili” mwenye utakatifu usiosemeka kulingana na moyo wa mwanzilishi. Baada ya Bonaventura kuna askofu mwingine, [[Ludoviko wa Tolosa]] (+1297), aliyekufa kijana kama alivyotamani. Karne XIV, iliyojaa wamisionari na wafiadini, ina ndugu wanne kutoka nchi mbalimbali waliotangazwa watakatifu: [[Nikola Tavelic]] na wenzake waliouawa [[Yerusalemu]] (1391). Watakatifu sita wa karne XV ni Waoservanti ambao walipigania kanuni na kufanya utume mkubwa: Bernardino wa Siena (+1444), Yohane wa Capestrano (+1456) na Yakobo wa Marka (+1476) toka Italia, [[Didakus wa Alkala]] (+1463) toka [[Hispania]], halafu [[Yohane wa Dukla]] (+1484) toka [[Polandi]], isipokuwa [[Petro Regalado]] (+1456) aliyeishi katika urekebisho wa Wavilyakresi wa Hispania. ===Utume (1226-1517)=== Tangu mashirika ya Wafransisko na Wadominiko yaanzishwe, Mapapa walitambua yanavyohitajika na kufaa kutegemezea Kanisa la Roma ambalo, baada ya kufikia kilele cha fahari na mamlaka wakati wa [[Papa Inosenti III]] (1198-1216), lilianza kukabiliana na upinzani mpya wa viongozi wa siasa. Ili waweze kuwatumia watawa hao bila ya pingamizi, Mapapa walijiwekea kuwasimamia wasikae chini ya Maaskofu, wakawapendelea katika tume nyingi. Hivyo toka mwanzo Ndugu Wadogo walifanya kazi katika ofisi za Papa na kupewa vyeo mbalimbali, kinyume cha matakwa ya Fransisko aliyetaka wabaki “wadogo”. Hasa baada ya Gregori IX, Mapapa waliona ustawi wa Kanisa unastahili uzingatiwe kuliko udogo wa Kifransisko. Ingawa shirika lilijitahidi kuzuia ongezeko la vyeo, katika karne XIII waliishi Maaskofu Wafransisko 250, katika karne XIV 746, katika karne XV 791, na miaka 17 ya kwanza ya karne XVI 70. Mabalozi wa Papa jumla walikuwa zaidi ya 300, Makardinali 29, na wawili wakawa [[Papa Nikolasi IV]] (1288-1292) na [[Papa Sixtus IV]] (1471-1484). Ndugu Wadogo walichangia sana Mitaguso mikuu yote ya karne hizo tatu: [[Mtaguso wa Lyons I|Lyons I]] (1245), Lyons II (1274), Vienne (1311-1312), Konstans (1414-1418), [[Mtaguso wa Firenze|Firenze]] (1431-1445) na [[Mtaguso wa Laterano V|Laterano V]] (1512-1517). Vilevile ndugu wengine walitetea haki za Papa dhidi ya upinzani, na zaidi ya 200 walipokea hata kazi ya kuwahukumu wazushi, ingawa hiyo haikuwapendeza sana. Kazi ya kawaida zaidi ilikuwa ile ya kuhubiri. Waliokubaliwa na Watumishi wakaja kuunda tabaka la juu kuliko mapadri wa kawaida (waliosoma Misa tu) na ya mabradha. Ilipobaki kazi ya wasomi tu, ikarudia mitindo ya vyuoni na kuachana na [[usahili]] wa mwanzo alioutumia na kuutaka mwanzilishi. Mhubiri mkuu wa kwanza ulikuwa Antoni ambaye kwa miaka 10 alichangamsha Italia na Ufaransa Kusini akishinda uzushi. Pamoja na kuhubiri, wengine wametuachia kwa maandishi hotuba zao, mifano mingi na maelekezo juu ya namna ya kuhubiri. Karne XV ndiyo bora kwa mahubiri ya Kifransisko, ambapo “nguzo za Oservansya” walitoka upwekeni wakawashirikisha wote utajiri waliojipatia katika sala. Makanisa hayakutosha kukusanya wasikilizaji; wote waliguswa na wengi wakaongoka. Kutoka Italia wakahubiri nchi mbalimbali hadi [[Norwe]]. Tunda mojawapo la utume wa Yohane wa Capestrano ni ushindi wa Wakristo juu ya Waturuki waliotishia kuvamia Ulaya yote (1456). Huko Italia mahubiri hayo yalipinga mwelekeo mpya wa kuweka pembeni Ukristo katika maisha ya kila siku na kujali ustawi wa kidunia tu. [[Kitubio]] kilifuatana na mahubiri; hasa baada ya Mapapa kuruhusu watawa kutoa huduma hiyo, ikaja kuwa mojawapo ya kazi zao kuu. Shirika likiwa na uhusiano wa pekee na watu wadogo toka mwanzo, daima ni jepesi kutambua hali na haja zao upande wa roho na wa mwili, na kuziitikia vizuri, hata kupitia Utawa III. Kipindi hicho watu walielekea sana kujiundia makundi kadiri ya fani zao n.k. Ndugu Wadogo waliwaelekeza kufanya hivyo bila ya kusahau dini, katika jina na taratibu walivyoyapatia. Walipatanisha mara nyigi wanasiasa wa miji au vyama tofauti, walisaidia maskini na wagonjwa (hata wenye [[ukoma]] na tauni), walianzisha [[hospitali]], walilaumu hadharani [[dhuluma]] n.k. Kwa ajili hiyo, bila ya kujali upinzani wowote, walianzisha pia [[benki]] ambazo zikopeshe pesa kwa [[riba]] ndogo sana ili kukomesha waliodai riba pasipo kiasi (hasa [[Wayahudi]]). Kabla hatujaeleza umisionari wa Ndugu Wadogo, tuangalie juhudi zao kwa ajili ya umoja kati ya [[Waortodoksi]] na Kanisa la Roma. Kabla [[Konstantinopoli]] haujatekwa na Waturuki (1453), udhaifu wa [[Wagiriki]] upande wa siasa na jeshi uliwaelekeza kutafuta msaada wa [[Wakristo wa Magharibi]]. Hivyo zilipatikana fursa nyingi za kukaribiana na kujaribu kuungana, ambazo Mapapa kila mara waliwatumia Wafransisko na Wadominiko. Kwa namna ya pekee Mtaguso II wa Lyons, kwa juhudi hasa za Bonaventura, ulifanikiwa kutangaza umoja, ingawa baadaye ukashindikana kwa sababu mbalimbali. Juhudi nyingine kulingana na mitazamo ya nyakati hizo zilifanywa na Ndugu Wadogo waliosambaa kotekote Mashariki na kutoa mifano bora ya maisha yao, pamoja na kutangaza kwa sauti na kwa maandishi ukweli wa Kanisa Katoliki ili kuwavuta Waortodoksi mmojammoja au makundimakundi kuingia katika ushirika kamili nalo. Sehemu fulanifulani matunda yaliridhisha, lakini wengine waliuawa, hasa baada ya Waturuki kuteka Ulaya Mashariki Kusini. Nje ya eneo hilo, utume huo ulifanyika pia [[Urusi]], [[Georgia]], [[Armenia]], [[Irani]], [[Lebanoni]], [[Misri]] hata [[Ethiopia]]. Kazi ngumu zaidi ilifanyika kwa wasio Wakristo. Karne XIII ilikuwa mwanzo wa [[umisionari]] wa aina mpya, ambao unaongozwa na Mapapa kwa kutumia mashirika ya Ombaomba (yaliyofaa sana kwa utayari wa kutumwa na kwa umoja wa miundo yake), unapata wamisionari mchanganyiko kutoka nchi yoyote, unaenea katika bara lote la [[Asia]] (ambalo linakuja kujulikana na Wazungu wakati huo) na hauna faida ya uchumi. Fransisko alichochea hayo kwa mifano na mafundisho yake ambayo alisisitiza kuwa wito huo ni wa Kimungu, kwa hiyo hautakiwi kuzuiwa. Kwa mang’amuzi yake alielekeza kutoa kwanza ushuhuda wa maisha ya Kikristo, halafu tu, kadiri ya mapenzi ya Mungu, kuhubiri wazi [[imani]]. Wafuasi wake hawakufuata daima maelekezo hayo, kwa maana wengi waliwachokoza [[Waislamu]] ili kuuawa. Katika historia ya [[misheni]] za Kifransisko, tunaona kwanza uenezi mkubwa upande wa Mashariki, halafu karne nyingine ya kufifia, halafu katika karne XV msukumo mpya toka kwa Waoservanti, lakini kuelekea maeneo mapana ambayo yalivumbuliwa na Wazungu miaka ya mwisho ya karne hiyo na kuhitaji Injili. Kuanzia mwaka 1217 Wafransisko wametunza mahali patakatifu pa nchi ya Yesu, ingawa iliwabidi kuvumilia magumu mengi, dhuluma na vifodini; wengi walikufa pia kwa kuwashughulikia wenye tauni. Kuanzia mwaka 1219 wengine walitumwa [[Afrika]] Kaskazini, ambapo baadhi walifia dini. Shirika lilianza kupata Maaskofu kwa ajili ya Moroko, ingawa hawakuweza kukaa huko. Kumbe [[Tunisia]] na [[Libya]] waliruhusiwa kuwaongoa Waislamu wakachuma matunda kwa muda fulani, ingawa vipindi vingine waliweza tu kuwahudumia Wakristo wageni. [[Image:Central Asian trade routes.jpg|thumb|right|380px|[[Ramani]] inayoonyesha kwa [[rangi]] ya [[buluu]] iliyokolea [[safari]] ya Yohane wa Pian del Carpine hadi [[Asia mashariki]].]] Mwaka 1241 Wamongolia, baada ya kujitwalia Asia karibu nzima, walivamia Ulaya na kufadhaisha Wakristo wote, kwa sababu hakuna aliyeamini uwezekano wa kuwashinda. Mapapa walijaribu kuwasimamisha kwa kutuma Wafransisko na Wadominiko (wa kwanza ni [[Yohane wa Pian del Carpine]]) waombe masharti ya amani. Ujumbe huo uliposhindikana, walianza kupenya kama wamisionari upande wa Ulaya Mashariki, wakasambaa kwa ruhusa ya watu hao wakatili sana katika utawala wao wote. Nikola IV alimtuma (1291) [[Yohane wa Montecorvino]], mwanzilishi wa misheni za [[China]] na Askofu wa kwanza wa [[Beijing]], mwenye majimbo sita chini yake katika ufalme mzima (hadi Urusi). Nyumba za kitawa katika eneo hilo lote likafikia kuzidi 50, baadhi zikiwa na ndugu wasiopungua 20. [[Papa Inosenti VI]] (1352-1362) aliomba mkutano mkuu wa mwaka 1353 uongeze wamisionari alivyotaka mfalme wa Mongolia, lakini itikio likawa hafifu, kwa kuwa tauni iliyoua wamisionari wengi, iliua pia watawa wengi Ulaya. Hivyo misheni zikaendelea kwa shida tu mpaka ikaja kufa China ilipojikomboa. Pia, Ndugu Wadogo waliongoa Walitwania, taifa la mwisho la Ulaya kuingia Ukristo (karne XIII na XIV). Karne XV ilielekeza umisionari upande mwingine, na Waoservanti waliuchangamkia kuanzia visiwa vya [[Kanaria]] vilivyopokea Ukristo haraka kwa juhudi za ndugu waliofikia kuwa 200, mmojawao Didakus wa Alkala. Kutoka huko umisionari ulienea pwani za Afrika Magharibi. Mzunguko wa Afrika hadi [[Rasi ya Tumaini Jema]] ([[Bartolomeo Dias]], 1488) na [[India]] ([[Vasko Da Gama]], 1497-1498), na hasa uvumbuzi wa [[Amerika]] ([[Kristoforo Columbus]], 1492) ulisisimua sana umisionari kwa maeneo, miundo na mbinu mpya. Wakati ambapo uenezi wa Waturuki Waislamu ulikuja kuzuia njia za Asia, na misheni zilizokuwa chini ya utawala wao zilidumaa, Ndugu Wadogo walistawisha upeo umisionari wao Amerika na Asia Mashariki kupitia baharini (wakati huo Asia Mashariki ilikuwa chini ya Askofu wa [[Funchal]], katika kisiwa cha Afrika Magharibi!). Upande wa miundo wafalme wa [[Ureno]] na wa Hispania walipogawana ulimwengu kwa baraka ya [[Papa Alexander VI]] (1492-1503) walipewa pia usimamizi wa kazi zote za misheni, pamoja na haki ya kuchagua na kutuma wamisionari katika maeneo yao. Hivyo karne XVI idadi ya wamisionari OFM ilifikia 6,000, wengi wao wakitokea nchi hizo mbili, kwa sababu mataifa mengine waliweza wakabaguliwa na hata kurudishwa nyumbani. Ndugu Wadogo 6 wa kwanza walifika Amerika (kisiwa cha [[Hispaniola]], leo [[Jamhuri ya Dominika|Dominikana]]/[[Haiti]]) mwaka 1493 na kuanza kuwahubiria wazalendo. Wengine wakafuata mapema na kuenea kadiri vilivyovumbuliwa visiwa vingine. Kufikia mwaka 1500 walikuwa wameshabatizwa wazalendo 3,000 Hispaniola na wengi zaidi [[Kuba]]. Mwaka 1504 yaliundwa majimbo matatu na mwaka 1505 kanda ya shirika. Mwaka 1511 alitawazwa Askofu wa kwanza wa Amerika visiwani (Dominikana) na mwaka 1513 wa bara ([[Panama]]), wote wawili wakiwa Wafransisko. Ila barani hatari zikawa nyingi. Waliohamia [[Brazili]] (1503) waliuawa baada ya miaka miwili, na wengi wa waliowafuata wakauawa pia. Hata hivyo Wafransisko wakaendelea na umisionari huko, wakiwa peke yao hadi 1549. Vilevile Ndugu Wadogo ndio wamisionari wa kwanza kufika India kwa meli (1500, baada ya kupitia Brazili); wengine wakafuata. [[Mabanyani]] waliwaua 3, lakini wengine waliongoka jumla wakabatizwa pasipo mafundisho kutokana na uhaba wa wamisionari. Safarini, wengine walihubiri kisiwani [[Sokotra]] (karibu na [[Somalia]]) na kuongoa karibu wote, hata wakageuza msikiti kuwa kanisa la Bikira Maria; lakini [[Waarabu]] wakakiteka (1510) wakaharibu kila kitu. Uenezaji wa [[Injili]] unatimia unapopenya [[utamaduni]] wa watu. Tuone basi Ufransisko ulivyoathiri Kanisa na jamii, kuanzia elimu, [[fasihi]] na [[sanaa]]. Fransisko hakuwa msomi, tena alihisi uchu wa elimu unavyoweza kuzuia udogo na usawa wa wafuasi wake. Lakini, akitambua njia hiyo haiepukiki, alielekeza namna ya kuifuata bila ya kudhurika. Kwake Antoni wa Padua ndiye kielelezo, kwa jinsi alivyokuwa tayari kuweka pembeni usomi. Ndiyo sababu alimruhusu kuwafundisha ndugu [[teolojia]] huko [[Bologna]] mradi isizimishwe roho ya sala na ibada. Mwaka 1231 shirika lilikuwa na nyumba za masomo hata Paris na [[Oxford]] karibu na vyuo vikuu ili kuwaandaa walimu ambao wafundishe katika konventi muhimu zaidi za kila kanda. Ndipo walipojipatia sifa ya elimu na nafasi mpya za utume, ingawa Egidi na wengineo walizidi kulaumu Paris kwamba imeharibu shirika. Tangu karne XIV katika konventi karibu zote kulikuwa na vipindi vya lazima kwa wasio mabradha. Pia yalianzishwa masomo kwa waliotarajia kupata [[daraja takatifu]]. Mitindo ya kufundisha ilikuwa sawa na ile ya mashirika mengine na ya vyuo vikuu: vipindi asubuhi na jioni, mijadala, mahubiri ya walimu na ya wanafunzi vilevile. Shirika halikuwa na mwalimu maalumu na mafundisho ya lazima, ila tabia na mazingira yake yote vilielekeza Ndugu Wadogo kuwaza namna fulani, yaani kusisitiza upendo kuliko ujuzi, na [[utashi]] kuliko [[akili]]; pia kumuona Mungu kama Wema kuliko kama Ukweli. [[Falsafa]] ya Wafransisko ilifuata ile ya [[Plato]] kumpitia [[Augustino]] (Antoni alitoka shirika lake). Kati ya walimu wa vyuo vikuu aliyeelekeza njia ni [[Aleksanda wa Hales]] (+1245), aliyemfundisha Bonaventura huko Paris. Kwa mtakatifu huyo, mwalimu ni Kristo tu, na elimu ni moja tu, ile inayotuunganisha naye, hasa Maandiko Matakatifu, ambayo peke yake yanawafaa Ndugu Wadogo. Baada yake teolojia ikabili [[mababu wa Kanisa]] na maandishi ya walimu wa teolojia. Wanafalsafa na waandishi wengine wasomwe tu kwa mpito kadiri wanavyosaidia kuelewa [[Biblia]]. Ndiyo njia ya kufikia elimu, lakini mtu akitaka [[hekima]] anapaswa kuwa na maisha matakatifu. Oxford iliwatoa hasa: [[Roger Bacon]] (+1292), mtaalamu wa mambo mengi na mwanzilishi wa mtindo wa [[upimaji]] kama msingi wa [[sayansi]]; [[Yohane Duns Scoto]] (+1308), mwalimu mwenye uchambuzi mkali, anayesifiwa kwa kuonyesha Kristo kuwa kiini cha [[uumbaji]], na kwa kutetea sifa ya Maria kukingiwa dhambi ya asili (Wafransisko wakaendelea kuitetea hadi ikatangazwa na [[Papa Pius IX]], wa Utawa III, mwaka 1854, kuwa [[dogma]]); na [[Wiliamu wa Ockham]] (+1347) aliyepotosha falsafa akadai eti, akili haiwezi kujua yanayopita malimwengu: msimamo wake ukaenea sana, ukampa [[Martin Luther]] silaha dhidi ya imani katoliki, ukaathiri utamaduni wa Magharibi hadi leo. Ufransisko uliathiri vilevile mwelekeo wote wa sanaa ya Magharibi. Ukiitikia vizuri matarajio yote ya kidini na ya kijamii ya kipindi cha mageuzi, ulieneza mtazamo mpya wa maisha unaojali mtu na viumbe vyote. Hivyo ulichangia sana upatikanaji wa mitindo mipya na njia mpya za kufurahia uzuri, ingawa bila ya kupotewa na imani. Fasihi ya Kifransisko inapenda kusimulia, tunavyoona katika maisha ya mwanzilishi yaliyoandikwa na wafuasi wake; [[uchoraji]] unaonyesha sura halisi ya kwake na ya wengineo; hata [[ujenzi]] unafuata njia mpya, hasa kufuatana na kielelezo cha kanisa la Fransisko huko [[Asizi]]. Hata katika ujenzi wa nyumba zao Ndugu Wadogo waliweza kuzingatia ufukara bila ya kupuuzia [[uzuri]], kiasi kwamba upendevu wake unavutia wengi hadi leo. ==Marekebisho kuendelea (1517-1762)== ===Matawi mapya kuchipuka=== Utengano wa Waoservanti na Wakonventuali ulitatua tatizo moja, lakini haukufaulu kuunganisha makundi yaliyorekebishwa, ingawa Papa alikuwa ameagiza itungwe mara katiba moja kwa yote. Baadhi yalidumu kuwa na kanda zao, Waoservanti wa Italia wakaikataa katiba hiyo wakaendelea kuirekebisha mfululizo ile maalumu ya kwao, na kanda nyingine zilijitungia vilevile na kuzidisha tofauti shirikani. Kilichohatarisha zaidi umoja ni [[utaifa]] uliochochewa na [[serikali]] mbalimbali kwa faida ya siasa ya nchi zao dhidi ya nyingine. Wafalme waliingilia kwa njama na vitisho masuala ya mikutano mikuu, sawa na walivyoingilia uchaguzi wa Papa, lakini kila mara idadi iliwapa ushindi Wahispania, hata washindani wao (Wafaransa) wakagoma kuhudhuria mara kadhaa. Matatizo mengine yalihusu maisha yenyewe, hasa ufukara. Waliolazimika kujiunga na Waoservanti, na wale wasioacha kutumia fadhili walizokuwanazo wakiwa Wakonventuali, walikataa kurekebishwa. Kinyume chake, wengine hawakuridhika tena na namna OFM ilivyoshika kanuni, wakadai ruhusa ya kuishika kabisa. Ndivyo walivyofanya watawa wa mashirika mbalimbali, kwa kuwa haja ya urekebisho ilitambulikana na wote katika Kanisa la karne XV-XVI. Kwa namna ya pekee Ndugu Wadogo walichochewa kufanya hivyo na sura X ya kanuni pamoja na wasia. Ndiyo sababu Bonaventura aliona haja ya kuwepo makao ya upwekeni katika kila kanda ili kuwaachia uhuru wa kuishi hivyo wale wapendao. Kumbe Waoservanti wengi na baadhi ya viongozi wao hawakukubali kuwaachia wenye bidii uhuru huo, kwa sababu ingekuwa sawa na kukiri kwamba wamelegea. Hivyo wakawatenda ndugu hao kama Wakonventuali wa zamani walivyowatenda Waoservanti wa kwanza. Walioamini urekebisho unaweza kutoka kwa viongozi wakaja kujionea haiwezekani. Miundo iliyoanza kama urekebisho ikajikuta inajaribu kuzuia juhudi za waliopenda urekebisho, na viongozi wa shirika lililoanza kwa kushindana na viongozi wakawalaumu waliotaka kufanya vile wakisema eti, ni wakaidi tu! Kwa kukosa busara na wema walisababisha waliotaka urekebisho wakafuate njia zao ili kupata ruhusa walizozihitaji, kwa kumkimbilia Papa au viongozi wa serikali. Mara nyingine Wakonventuali walipokea makundi hayo chini ya ulinzi wao ili kuwakomoa Waoservanti waliokuwa wanawadharau wakijidai ndio wafuasi halisi wa Fransisko. Ndiyo asili ya matawi mapya, hasa lile la kujitegemea la [[Wakapuchini]]. Mwaka 1525 [[Mateo wa Bascio]] alimkimbilia [[Papa Klementi VII]] (1523-1534) ili kuruhusiwa ashike kanuni, avae kanzu asili na kuhubiri huko na huko alivyotaka. Alipokubaliwa, walijiunga naye ndugu wawili, [[Ludoviko wa Fossombrone]] na [[Rafaeli wa Fossombrone]]. Mtumishi wa kanda aliwatafuta sana, lakini walilindwa vizuri na [[Katerina Cibo]], ndugu wa Papa. Ili kukwepa dhuluma, wakajiunga na Wakonventuali, halafu wakapewa na Klementi VII haki ya kuwa na Mtumishi wao chini ya Mkuu wa Wakonventuali na ya kupokea wanovisi (1528). Mapema walianza kuitwa Wakapuchini kutokana na kofia yao kubwa. Upinzani wa Mkuu wa OFM dhidi yao haukufaulu; kinyume chake, kwa kuwa alitaka kuzuia hata makao ya upwekeni ndani ya shirika, ndugu wengi wenye bidii wakakata tamaa wakajiunga na Wakapuchini. Njama nyingine za kuwakomesha zikashindikana, hivi kwamba mwaka 1535 walikuwa tayari 700. Ndipo aliposhika uongozi wao [[Bernardino wa Asti]] aliyelipa shirika jipya sura ya kiroho ya kudumu, hasa kwa njia ya katiba iliyotungwa mwaka huo na kupitishwa mwaka uliofuata. [[File:Guercino Blessed Felix of Cantalice.jpg|thumb|left|Feliche wa Cantalice akimfufua mtotoː [[mchoro]] wa [[Guercino]].]] Hatari nyingine zilitokea ndani ya shirika, kwa ukaidi wa Ludoviko, halafu kwa uzushi wa mwandamizi wa Bernardino. Hatimaye mambo yakatulia na tawi jipya likazidi kustawi kiroho na kitume, ingawa [[Papa Julius III]] (1550-1555) alikataza Waoservanti wasihamie tena kwa Wakapuchini. Hivyo hawa wakazidi kujisikia tofauti na Wafransisko wenzao. Mkutano mkuu wa mwaka 1552 ulionyesha kuwa juhudi kali za awali zimeanza kutulia na kujilinganisha na maisha: shirika lilipanga masomo na kuwa na watu maarufu upande wa elimu, utume na uongozi. Jambo muhimu zaidi, lilimzaa mtakatifu wa kwanza, bradha [[Felix wa Cantalice]] (+1587), kielelezo cha [[unyofu]]. [[Mtaguso wa Trento]] (1545-1563) ulisifu tawi hilo kama urekebisho wa kufaa na wenye uaminifu kwa wito wake hata kustahili kutazamwa na Kanisa kwa namna ya pekee. Shirika likazidi kukaza nidhamu ili kuzuia ulegevu, likaanza kuenea ng’ambo ya milima ya Italia Kaskazini (1573). Ulipozuka upinzani wa Wakonventuali, Kanisa lilikuwa limeshang’amua ubora wa Wakapuchini; basi, [[Papa Paulo V]] (1605-1621) alitamka kuwa ni Ndugu Wadogo halisi na wana wa Fransisko sawa na matawi mengine (1608), halafu akawaondoa chini ya Mkuu wa Wakonventuali na kuwapa Mtumishi wa kwao mwenye haki ya kuhesabiwa mwandamizi halali wa mwanzilishi (1619). Kwa wakati huo shirika limeshazaa tena [[Serafino wa Montegranaro]] (+1604), bradha asiye na vipawa vingi kiutu bali mwenye karama za ajabu, [[Yosefu wa Leonesa]] (+1612), padri Mkapuchini wa kwanza kutumwa kwa Waturuki Waislamu halafu mhubiri bora Italia, na [[Laurenti wa Brindisi]] (+1619), “mwalimu wa Kitume”, mtimilifu kuliko Wakapuchini wote kwa utakatifu, elimu na utume. Wakafuata [[Fidelis wa Sigmaringen]] (+1622), wa kwanza kutoka nje ya Italia, na wa kwanza kufia dini kati ya waliotumwa na Idara ya Papa kwa Uenezaji wa Imani, halafu [[Bernardo wa Corleone]] (+1667), mwongofu mwenye toba kali. Pia walipatikana wenye heri 6. Kipindi hicho ndicho cha ukomavu wa shirika, mitazamo ya Kiitalia ilipopanuka kwa kuenea nje ya nchi na wanashirika waliposhika nafasi muhimu katika Kanisa. Baadaye hakuna matukio ya maana zaidi, isipokuwa mengine ya kufaa na mengine yasiyofaa ambayo yaliathiri shirika: idadi ya watawa na ya shughuli iliongezeka pamoja na sifa kutoka kwa viongozi wa Kanisa na serikali, lakini zilizuka vurugu pia kama ile ya utaifa (1636-1678). [[Papa Benedikto XIV]] (1740-1758) aliamua mhubiri wa Papa awe daima Mkapuchini, akasema, “Shirika la Wakapuchini linastahili yoyote yale, kwa kuwa ndilo kielelezo pekee cha ukamilifu wa Kiinjili kilichobaki hadi nyakati zetu”. Kweli urekebisho huo uliendelea kushika kikamilifu kanuni kwa muda mrefu kuliko mengine yote. Nyumba ziliendelea kujengwa ilivyoagizwa toka mwanzo, ndogo sana, nje ya miji na vijiji, zikielekeza ndugu kufuata ufukara na unyofu hata ulimwengu ulipokazania fahari. Watakatifu wa kipindi hicho ni bradha [[Krispino wa Viterbo]] (+1750), kielelezo cha furaha ya kiroho, [[Ignas wa Santhià]] (+1770), padri mwenye bidii kwa wagonjwa na wakosefu, [[Ignas wa Lakoni]] (+1781), bradha ombaomba aliyesaidia sana fukara, na [[Felix wa Nicosia]] (+1787), bradha mtiifu ajabu, mbali ya mwenye heri 1. [[File:Capela do Divino Espírito Santo em Porto Alegre 011-aa.JPG|thumb|250px|Kioo cha kanisa la [[Porto Alegre]], [[Brazil]], kinachomuonyesha Benedikto akimpakata [[Mtoto Yesu]] katika [[njozi]].]] Vilevile Italia, ndugu waliojikusanya katika makao ya upwekeni kuanzia mwaka 1535 (mkutano mkuu ulipowaruhusu ili kuzuia wengine wengi wasiwakimbilie Wakapuchini), kisha kuongezeka waliwekwa moja kwa moja chini ya Mtumishi mkuu tu (1579), wakapewa katiba maalumu (1595), ruhusa za pekee sana (1596), hatimaye Kiongozi mkuu na mkutano mkuu wa kwao. Hivyo mamlaka ya Mtumishi wa OFM kwao ikawa jina tu. Kati ya hao [[Wariformati]] katika kipindi hicho tunawakuta watakatifu mabradha watatu: [[Benedikto Mwafrika]] (+1589), mtoto wa watumwa huko Italia, Mnegro wa kwanza kutangazwa mtakatifu, [[Umile wa Bisignano]] (+1637), mnyenyekevu ajabu, na [[Karolo wa Sezze]] (+1670), aliyeandika vizuri sana kuhusu maisha ya kiroho; halafu mapadri [[Pasifiko wa San Severino]] (+1721), aliyezingatia sana maisha ya sala, na [[Leonardo wa Portomaurizio]] (+1751), tunda bora la [[Kirekebisho]] kilichoanzia mjini Roma karne XVII. Pia walipatikana wenye heri 4. Huko Hispania, baadhi ya wafuasi wa urekebisho wa [[Pekupeku]], baada ya kuunganishwa na Waoservanti (1517) walimkimbilia Mkuu wa Wakonventuali ili kukwepa vizuio vya OFM, na mmojawao, [[Petro wa Alcantara]] (+1562) akafanywa Mkurugenzi wao (1557). Alipokufa, [[Papa Pius IV]] (1560-1565) akawahamisha Waalkantara chini ya Waoservanti lakini bila ya kufuta kanda zao, katiba yao na mavazi yao maalumu. [[Papa Gregori XIII]] (1572-1585) akamkataza Mkuu wa OFM asiingilie masuala yao ya ndani (1578), na [[Papa Urban VIII]] (1623-1644) akawaruhusu wasifuate tena katiba ya shirika lote (1642). Jinsi sisitizo la sala na toba linavyozaa matunda imethibitishwa na umisionari wao (Amerika na Asia Mashariki) na hasa na watakatifu 9 wa urekebisho huo, wakiwa ni pamoja na [[Paskali Baylon]] (+1592), mwenye ibada ya pekee kwa Ekaristi, [[Petro Batista]], [[Martino wa Kupaa]] na [[Fransisko Blanco]], mapadri, halafu [[Fransisko wa mt. Mikaeli]], [[Gonzalo Garcia]] na [[Filipo wa Yesu]], mabradha, ambao wote walifia dini [[Japani]] (+1597), hatimaye [[Yohane Yosefu wa Msalaba]] (+1734), mpenda ufukara mkuu. Pia walipatikana wenye heri 22. Huko Ufaransa makao ya upwekeni hayakustawi sana hadi mwisho wa karne XVI. Mwaka 1601 walioishi huko wakapewa na Kanisa Mkurugenzi mwenye mamlaka pana sana; hapo wakaenea haraka kwa msaada wa mfalme, hata kanda zote za Ujerumani na [[Uholanzi]] zikajirekebisha na kujiunga nao, wakaitwa [[Warekoleti]]. Mmojawao ni [[John Wall]] (+1679), aliyefia dini huko Uingereza. Katika karne XVI-XVII karibu kila mkutano mkuu wa OFM ulizungumzia katiba na kupigania umoja, ambao haukuwa rahisi kutokana na mchanganyiko wa ndugu waliopenda fadhili za Wakonventuali na wengine waliotaka urekebisho. Katika hali hiyo Watumishi wakuu walijitahidi kuhuisha shirika lote, lakini wengi wao walitumwa na Mapapa kama mabalozi kwa wafalme na Maaskofu wa Ulaya, au walipewa uaskofu wa miji muhimu. Shirika halikupendezwa kwa sababu lilikuja kukosa uongozi imara: ndiyo maana mara kadhaa liliwadai kiapo cha kutokubali kazi hizo au walau cha kujiuzulu Utumishi. Watakatifu waliopatikana kipindi hicho ni: [[Salvatore wa Horta]] (+1567), bradha aliyefanya miujiza mingi ajabu (labda milioni moja), [[Nikolaus Pieck]], [[Jeromu wa Weert]], [[Teodoriko van der Eem]], [[Nikasi wa Heeze]], [[Wilehadi wa Denmaki]], [[Godefrid wa Melveren]], [[Antoni wa Weert]], [[Antoni wa Hoornaert]], [[Fransisko wa Roye]], mapadri, halafu [[Petro wa Assche]] na [[Korneli wa Wijk-bij-Durstede]] (+1572), mabradha, ambao wote walifia dini Uholanzi, [[John Jones]] (+1588), aliyefia dini Uingereza, hatimaye [[Fransisko Solano]] (+1610), mmisionari bora Amerika Kusini aliyezunguka kotekote kwa miaka 14, akihubiri na kuimba. Wenye heri wa kipindi hicho ni 17. Karne XVII ikawa ya utulivu na utendaji, lakini ongezeko kubwa mno la watawa lilisababisha matatizo makubwa na ulegevu hata katika marekebisho. Pamoja na utaifa kuzidi, matawi ya Italia yalishindana kwa maandishi makali ya kukwaza. Makwazo mengine yalitokana na desturi ya Watumishi kadhaa kutuma watawa wasiofaa kwenye kanda nyingine au kuwaacha nyumbani mwa marafiki au ndugu. Badala ya juhudi za watawa kwa ajili ya kanuni kama katika karne zilizopita, sanasana tunakuta viongozi wakijitahidi kuwalazimisha washike kanuni, lakini bidii za namna hiyo hazikuweza kufanikiwa kwa kuwa hazikutoka moyoni mwa watawa. Hatimaye mwaka 1676 mkutano mkuu ulikubali na kuagiza kila kanda ianzishe makao 3-4 ya upwekeni ambapo yafanyike malezi ya watakaji na wanovisi wote: baadaye katika mazingira hayo walistawi [[Thomas wa Cori]] (+1729), mhubiri maarufu na [[Teofilo wa Corte]] (+1740), mwanafunzi wake. Mtakatifu mwingine ni [[Junipero Serra]] (̟+1784), padri Mhispania aliyeinjilisha kwa mara ya kwanza [[Kalifornia]] (leo Marekani Magharibi). Lakini katika karne XVIII ilionekana wazi jinsi matazamio ya wengi yalivyolenga kupata kwa visingizio vyovyote fadhili na nafasi za kwanzakwanza. Kupitia mikutano mikuu upuuzi wa namna hiyo uliathiri sheria za shirika. Pia mabadiliko mengi mno ya katiba, badala ya kusaidia nidhamu, yalizidi kuipunguza kwa kusababisha ndugu wasiijali katiba isiyodumu. Upande wa Wakonventuali, utengano na Waoservanti haukuwaondolea baadhi yao wasiwasi kuhusu utekelezaji wa kanuni, ingawa Mtaguso wa Trento ulitamka (1563) kwamba OFM na Wakapuchini tu hawaruhusiwi kuwa na mali hata kishirika, tofauti na Wakonventuali na mashirika mengine yote. Uhusiano na matawi yaliyokimbilia chini ya Mkuu wao ili kufuata urekebisho ulichochea hamu ya kuwaiga. Ndivyo walivyoanza [[Wakonventuali wa Urekebisho]] Hispania: uenezi wao ulichangia uamuzi wa [[Papa Pius V]] (1566-1572) wa kuunganisha na OFM Wakonventuali wote wa Hispania na Ureno (1566-1567). Juhudi za mikutano, za Watumishi wakuu na za watawa wenyewe zilileta nidhamu na ustawi, hasa mmojawao alipochaguliwa kuwa [[Papa Sixtus V]] (1585-1590) akaanza kuwasaidia kwa kila njia, kama vile kuunganisha chini ya Wakonventuali marekebisho madogo yaliyokuwa yameanza Italia (1562). Ila mwaka 1669 yakaja kutawanywa, baada ya kusumbuliwa sana na Wakonventuali wa kawaida na Wakapuchini (kuhusu sare zao zilizofanana). Kabla ya hapo mkutano mkuu ulitunga katiba mpya kabisa (1625) ili kuondoa misimamo tofauti kuhusu kanuni: katiba hiyo haikufuata matamko ya zamani ya Mapapa juu ya kanuni, bali ilipitisha moja kwa moja desturi za shirika zilivyokuwa. Baada ya kuthibitishwa na Urbani VIII, Wakonventuali wakaanza kuweka nadhiri zao kwa kutamka wazi kuwa watashika kanuni “kadiri ya katiba ya Urbani” tu. Baada ya kujipatia hivyo msimamo wa kudumu, Wakonventuali wakazaa mwenye heri 1 na watakatifu 2 waliong’aa mmoja hasa upande wa sala, mwingine upande wa utume: [[Yosefu wa Copertino]] (+1663) na [[Fransisko Antonio Fasani]] (+1742), wote mapadri. Pia shirika liliendelea kusifiwa upande wa elimudini likaona mtawa wake mwingine kuwa [[Papa Klementi XIV]] (1769-1774) ambaye naye alilipendelea sana, k.mf. kwa kuwahamisha Waoservanti wote wa Ufaransa chini ya Wakonventuali. Kwa mara nyingine upendeleo huo ukazaa chuki ya wengine ilivyojitokeza kisha kufa kwake. Takwimu ya jumla ya Utawa I ni kama ifuatavyo: Mwaka 1575 hivi: (Waoservanti) 32,750; (Pekupeku) 1,700; (Wariformati) 500; (Warekoleti) 50 = OFM jumla 35,000; Wakonventuali 12,000; Wakapuchini 3,600 = Jumla kuu 50,600 Mwaka 1700 hivi: (Waoservanti) 36,400; (Pekupeku) 6,600; (Wariformati) 13,900; (Warekoleti) 9,200 = OFM jumla 66,100; Wakonventuali 15,200; Wakapuchini 27,300 = Jumla kuu 108,600 Mwaka 1762 hivi: (Waoservanti) 39,900; (Pekupeku) 7,000; (Wariformati) 19,000; (Warekoleti)11,000 = OFM jumla 76,900; Wakonventuali 21,000; Wakapuchini 34,000 = Jumla kuu 131,900. Bila ya kujali tofauti kati ya tawi na tawi, karibu 60% walikuwa mapadri, ambao nusu ya idadi yao walikuwa wahubiri, nusu “mapadri wa Misa na sufuria” tu. Ongezeko lilipungua kwanza kutokana na [[Uprotestanti]] kuenea na kufuta kanda kadhaa Ulaya Kaskazini, na utawala wa Kiislamu kuenea Ulaya Mashariki Kusini, ingawa pande nyingine zilifidia. Karne yenye ongezeko la kasi zaidi ni ile ya XVII: ndio mwanzo wa wasiwasi na hofu kwa viongozi wa Kanisa na serikali, kwa kuwa mashirika mengine pia yalikua. Kuanzia mwaka 1634 Mapapa walichukua hatua kuzuia upokeaji wa wanovisi na kupunguza konventi (Italia zilifungwa 24.2%), hata kufikiria uwezekano wa kuwapeleka watawa vijana kupigana na Waturuki ili kuwapunguza! Lakini hatua hizo hazikufanikiwa. Kuhusu uenezi, wakati wa kufikia kilele cha idadi ya wanashirika mgawanyo ulikuwa ifuatavyo: Italia na visiwa 52,400; Hispania na makoloni 26,100; Ufaransa 21,000; Ujerumani n.k. 20,300; Ureno na makoloni 4,000; Dola la Waturuki 2,800; Polandi na Urusi 3,000; Uingereza na Irelandi 1,750. ===Maisha ndani ya shirika=== Kadiri ya hati ya utengano (1517) Mkuu wa Waoservanti tu alikubaliwa kuitwa Mtumishi mkuu, wakati yule wa Wakonventuali alipewa jina la Mwalimu Mkuu; vilevile viongozi wa kanda. Lakini jina hilo jipya halikuja kutumika. Mkuu wa Wakapuchini aliitwa Makamu (wa Mkuu wa Wakonventuali aliyetakiwa kumthibitisha baada ya kuchaguliwa). Jina la “Mtumishi mkuu wa Shirika lote” lililotumiwa na Mkuu wa OFM lilichukiwa na kulalamikiwa na Wakonventuali na Wakapuchini, hadi Paulo V alipotamka kuwa hao wote ni wana halisi wa Fransisko, na Wakuu wao ni waandamizi wake halali (1619). Hata hivyo mabishano ya wazi yakaendelea kuhusu mlolongo wa uandamizi huo, mtindo asili wa kanzu na hasa kofia yake, mpaka [[Papa Alexander VIII]] (1689-1691) alipokataza maandishi yote juu ya hayo. Kwanza [[Kardinali mlinzi]] alikuwa mmoja kwa wote, halafu Wakapuchini wakakubaliwa kuwa na mmoja wa kwao (1564), na vilevile Wakonventuali (1580). Mara kadhaa waliingilia mno masuala ya shirika hadi kulivuruga na kusababisha Mapapa walazimike kuwazuia. Mamlaka yao ilipungua ilipoanzishwa Idara ya Papa kwa Watawa (1586). Tofauti kati ya matawi kuhusu miundo ya ndani ziliendelea, hasa upande wa mikutano, lakini hazikupata kamwe kuwa kubwa mno, kwa sababu ya kanuni na mapokeo yao kuwa mamoja. Haikuwa rahisi kwa viongozi kuhuisha kiroho umati mkubwa vile wa watawa, hasa tukizingatia jinsi Wafransisko wasivyopangika. Ili kuleta nidhamu zilitumika mbinu za kisheria: ziara za Mkuu zilizofanyika kwa ukali na adhabu hata ya kufungwa na kufukuzwa. Mbinu mpya (hasa kuanzia katikati ya karne XVII) ni mazoezi ya kiroho; pengine zilisambazwa pia barua za Mkuu. Maisha ya kiroho yalistawi hasa Hispania katika karne XVI, Ufaransa katika karne XVII, na Italia katika karne XVI-XVIII. Katika hiyo karne ya dhahabu ya Hispania, Ndugu Wadogo walichanga na wananchi wenzao walioandika juu ya maisha ya kiroho: ufafanuzi kamili wa mang’amuzi ya ndani na teolojia ya kiroho pamoja na ugumu wa maisha, ingawa walifuata mapokeo ya shirika kwa kusisitiza zaidi uhuru wa roho, ubora wa upendo na usahili katika kumuelekea Mungu. Ndugu wa Italia walielekea zaidi utendaji hasa katika huruma, hivyo hawakulenga mirukoruko katika ibada. Hasa Wakapuchini walijitahidi toka mwanzo kuandika vitabu vyenye lengo la kujenga kiroho wasomaji na kuwaelekeza wote katika sala kama njia bora ya kurekebisha maisha. Ndugu wa Ufaransa walizingatia hasa matakwa ya Mungu kama muhtasari wa hatua tatu za maisha ya kiroho. Katika karne hizo mtindo wa [[Baroko]] ulitawala sanaa na maisha ya jamii pia, ukijali sura kuliko undani, vitendo kuliko moyo: hivyo mapambo na madoido yakazidishwa sana. Hiyo ni sababu mojawapo ya marekebisho kusifiwa kadiri yalivyojitokeza katika miguu mitupu, nguo duni, majengo fukara na mwenendo adili. Mambo hayo yalipotokana na msimamo wa moyo yalijenga kweli, tofauti na yalipofanyika kwa nje tu. Maisha katika marekebisho yalikuwa magumu, si ya kuvutia, ingawa riziki hazikukosekana kwa ukarimu wa walei. Kila mmojawapo mwanzoni ulilenga kuwa na ndugu wachache katika nyumba ili kurahisisha usahili, ufukara na udugu, lakini polepole idadi ikaongezeka kwa faida ya taratibu za kitawa na hasa fahari ya ibada. Mwaka 1680 kwa wastani kulikuwa na ndugu 17 kwa nyumba; mwaka 1762 walifikia 20. Pamoja na mapadri, mafrateri (kwa maana ya wenye kusomea upadri au walau walionyolewa tonsura) na mabradha kulikuwa na [[Watersyari wa kudumu]] katika jumuia. Mwanzoni mwa kila urekebisho mabradha walikuwa wengi, halafu wakazidi kupungua kutokana na kuchujwa sana; lakini pia kwa sababu wakazidi kukosa nafasi, wakipangwa hata baada ya wanovisi watakaosomea upadri! Mtaguso wa Trento uliwanyima haki ya kupiga na kupigwa kura, ila Pius V aliwarudishia Wakapuchini. Hivyo mabradha wengi walijitafutia ruhusa ya kuhamia kati ya mafrateri, kinyume cha sheria. Wasio mapadri walizidi kupokea Komunyo kuliko zamani. Shida kubwa ilikuwa bado namna ya kuwapa kazi mapadri wasio wahubiri, kwa kuwa hawakufanya utume wala kazi za mikono. Shughuli kuu ilikuwa Misa na Sala ya Kanisa iliyoadhimishwa usiku (lakini kwa Wakonventuali si mahali pote) na mchana kwa nyimbo (isipokuwa Wakapuchini na Wariformati walipendelea kuacha nafasi zaidi kwa sala ya moyo). Haja ya kutafuta miito haikuwepo; kazi ilikuwa kuichuja tu kwa majaribu mengi. Hata desturi ya Wakonventuali ya kupokea watoto ikaja kwisha karne XVI. Ili mtu apokewe kama frateri alipaswa kuwa na elimu ya msingi na kujua Kilatini. Hayakufikiriwa makao ya malezi kwa watakaji. Kwa wanovisi [[Papa Klementi VIII]] (1592-1605) aliagiza (1596) zichaguliwe tu nyumba ambapo maisha ya kitawa yanashikwa kikamilifu; tena watengewe sehemu maalumu na kuwasiliana na mlezi wao na msaidizi wake tu, pamoja na kushiriki ratiba ya jumuia (sala, milo n.k.). Katika karne XVIII zikaanza kutokea nyumba za unovisi kwa mabradha tu, zilizozidisha utengano wa kitabaka ndani ya shirika. Kazi ya mwaka wa jaribio ilikuwa hasa kueleza kanuni na amri zake kadiri ya matamko ya Mapapa; mapokeo ya shirika; nidhamu; juhudi za kiroho; taratibu za ibada (pamoja na kuimba, kwa Wakonventuali na Waoservanti); Sala ya Kanisa; hasa utekelezaji wa sala na maadili. Walezi bora waliandika vizuri juu ya mang’amuzi yao. Baada ya [[nadhiri]] (ambazo zilikuwa za daima tu) watawa chipukizi walitakiwa kuendelea na malezi miaka mitatu katika nyumba ya kuaminika. Kulikuwa na maagizo kuhusu malezi ya kudumu pia (vipindi vya mara kwa mara kwa wote). ===Utume=== Mikutano mikuu ilishughulikia utume wa kuhubiri ikisisitiza ndugu waandaliwe na kuchujwa kwa makini, halafu wasiofaa wanyang’anywe ruhusa. Pia zilipangwa ngazi mbalimbali: kuanzia wahubiri wa konventi na wa kanisa lake hadi wahubiri wakuu wa mahali muhimu zaidi alipojiwekea Mtumishi mkuu (Italia palikuwa 30). Lakini mvuto wa elimu ulisababisha huduma za kiroho zisizingatiwe sana na ndugu wenye vipawa vingi zaidi. Basi, ili kuwavuta wakahubiri na kuungamisha Mkuu wa OFM alipewa haki ya kuwapa fadhili na vyeo, kama kawaida ya wakati huo. Urekebisho wa Wakapuchini ulipinga mitindo ya kuhubiri kwa kurudia unyofu wa Injili, kuhimiza ushuhuda wa maisha na kulenga wongofu wa wasikilizaji. Kwa karne moja na zaidi hao waliendelea kuwa wahubiri bora, kwa jinsi wanavyoelewa watu na kugusa sio akili tu, bali mioyo pia, ya wadogo na hata ya wasomi. Hayo yalikuwa matokeo ya maisha bora ya kiroho, lakini pia ya maandalizi ya mpango chini ya walimu wa hakika. Walipoanza (1650 hivi) kufuata mitindo ya Baroko, matunda yakapungua. Wahubiri waliongoza pia roho binafsi. Wafransiskani waliungamisha sana, kumbe Wakapuchini walisita kupokea kazi hiyo, isije ikavuruga maisha yao ya sala hasa. Walianza kuifanya nje ya Italia (katika mkoa wa [[Alsasya]] kati ya mwaka 1740 na 1747 waliungamisha mara 24 milioni!), lakini walitakiwa kuwa na sifa maalumu. Kati ya mahubiri zilishika nafasi ya pekee wiki za uamsho, hasa kuanzia mwaka 1650 hivi. Waliokusudiwa kuziendesha walidaiwa maandalizi kamili. Baadhi zilifanywa na ndugu 30 hadi 60 kwa pamoja. Kulikuwa na mafundisho maalumu kwa makundi (watoto, vijana, akina baba, akina mama) na pengine mfungo wa siku nne kwa makundi ya pekee. Mbinu zilikuwa mbalimbali, lakini licha ya kufundisha imani na maadili Wakapuchini hawakukosa kuelekeza watu wote namna ya kufanya sala ya moyo. Wahispania walitumia sana maandamano ya toba, rozari za hadhara n.k. Waitalia walikuwa wakipanda msalaba karibu na mji au kijiji uwe kumbukumbu. Maarufu kuliko wote waliofanya kazi hiyo ni Leonardo wa Portomaurizio, aliyeendesha wiki hizo mara 343, akiongozana kwa kawaida na mapadri 4 na bradha 1. Baada ya wiki mbili za mahubiri kulikuwa na wiki moja ya maungamo. Katika miaka 44 aliokoa watu wengi ajabu, na kuinua hali ya roho ya mapadri wanajimbo na watawa katika Italia karibu nzima. Ndiye mwenezaji mkuu wa Njia ya Msalaba, ibada iliyoanza kustawi katika karne XV ikiwa na vituo 7 hadi 37, mpaka ile ya 14 ilipopewa rehema ya pekee (1686) na hivyo kuenea popote. Kumbe kiini cha wiki za uamsho za Wakapuchini kilikuwa ni kuabudu ekaristi kwa saa 40 mfululizo, ibada iliyoanza mwaka 1535 na kutoa nafasi ya kuhubiri kwa nguvu zaidi. [[Image:Murillo immaculate conception.jpg|thumb|250px|''Mkingiwa Dhambi ya Asili'' alivyochorwa na [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo]], [[1678]], [[Museo del Prado]], [[Hispania]].]] Ndugu Wadogo walieneza ibada nyingine pia, hata kabla Kanisa halijazikubali rasmi, kama vile kwa Moyo wa Yesu, kwa Maria Mkingiwa Dhambi ya Asili (aliyetangazwa na mkutano mkuu wa mwaka 1645 kuwa msimamizi wa shirika) na ile ya kujifanya watumwa wake. Kuanzia karne XV Wakonventuali walieneza rozari ya furaha saba za Bikira Maria, na chama cha kamba ya Kifransisko (ambayo hata watakatifu 4 wasio wanashirika walipenda kuivaa kiunoni). Ndugu Wadogo waliendelea kushika nafasi muhimu katika Kanisa: 739 walikuwa Maaskofu (kati ya mwaka 1503 na 1710), 16 Makardinali (karne XVI-XVIII), na 2 wakafikia Upapa. Wengine pia waliathiri sana siasa, k.mf. katika vita vya madhehebu, katika kutetea haki za Kanisa dhidi ya serikali, na hasa kama mabalozi wa Mapapa na wa wafalme Wakatoliki. Hasa Wakapuchini walijihusisha na aina mbalimbali za utume wa kijamii, wakidaiwa na katiba kujitosa hadi ushujaa. Kwa namna ya pekee walifanya hivyo yalipoenea maradhi ya kuambukiza, hasa tauni. Katika karne XVI-XVII kila mara walijihatarisha na kufa ili wahudumie kiroho na kimwili walioambukizwa. Ilivutia sana kuona wanajumuia wote kujitolea. Tunafahamu zaidi ya ndugu 2,000 waliokufa hivyo, lakini walikuwa walau mara mbili zaidi, bila ya kuhesabu ndugu wengi wa matawi mengine. Katika miji mingi walikabidhiwa uongozi wa hospitali nzima, hata nje ya nyakati za tauni. Zaidi ya hayo Wakapuchini hasa walihudumia kiroho wagonjwa na walio mahututi, walianzisha vyama vya kutolea huduma hizo, walichapisha vitabu juu yake, walipenya magereza ili kuhudumia wafungwa na waliohukumiwa kufa. Ufaransa walikuwa wazimamoto pia. Hata vita viliwapa nafasi za kujitoa kwa upendo kama mapadri wa wanajeshi, hasa katika kuzuia Waturuki Waislamu wasiteke Ulaya nzima kati ya mwaka 1571 na 1686. Wafalme pia waliwatafuta sana Wakapuchini kama wahudumu wa roho na wa mwili wa askari wao. Ndugu Wadogo walipambana na mifumo mbalimbali iliyofuatana kuzuka karne hizo na kupotosha imani na maadili, hasa Uprotestanti. Dhidi ya [[Rinascimento]] iliyotaka kurudisha Ulaya kwenye mitazamo ya kipagani, marekebisho ya karne XVI yalihubiri toba na kushuhudia dharau ya anasa. Dhidi ya [[Ujanseni]] shirika lilitetea kwa mahubiri na maandishi kipeo cha Kiinjili na mapokeo ya ibada. Dhidi ya waasi wa dini walioshambulia misingi ya Ukristo, huko Ufaransa walianzisha hata [[gazeti]] la kutetea dini. Ingawa uenezi wa Uprotestanti ulifunga konventi nyingi, hakuna hata moja iliyoasi jumla. Idadi ya Wafransisko waliouingia ni ndogo kulingana na ile ya walioupinga tangu ulipoanza, kabla wengi hawajatambua hatari. Kardinali wa [[Brandenburg]] aliwakataza (1519) wasiendelee kuhubiri dhidi ya [[Martin Luther]], kumbe Mtumishi mkuu alipofika Ujerumani aliagiza maandishi yake yachomwe, wahubiri waandaliwe kumshambulia tena na wanashirika wote wasali na kujiandaa kufia imani (kama walivyofanya walau 500 katika miaka 1520-1620). [[Walutheri]] walitokeza chuki yao kwa kueneza kitabu cha dhihaka “Kurani ya Pekupeku”. Baadaye Ndugu Wadogo wakawa kati ya mashirika muhimu zaidi katika kurudisha Ukatoliki kwenye miji na vijiji. Wakapuchini walianza kupambana na Uprotestanti kwa mahubiri na [[katekesi]] huko Italia usije ukaipenya, wakawa wa kwanza kujitolea kutumwa na Idara ya Papa kwa Uenezaji wa Imani mara ilipoanzishwa (1622). Chini yake juhudi ziliongezeka na kupangwa vizuri zaidi. Chuo chake mjini Roma kilianzishwa (1627) hasa kwa juhudi na ukarimu wa Kardinali Mkapuchini. Idara ilikuwa ikituma wale wote waliopendekezwa na wakubwa wao wakiwa na sifa upande wa maadili na elimu. Katika karne XVII idadi kubwa ya waliotumwa ni Wakapuchini. Agizo la shirika lilikuwa kuwasiliana na Waprotestanti kwa kufuata mbinu za [[Fransisko wa Sales]] (+1622), yaani kwa [[upole]], usikivu na ushuhuda wa maisha safi yenye kujitosa. Pia Wakapuchini walishirikisha waamini katika kazi hiyo ngumu, na kuandika vitabu vya mabishano. Huko Uingereza na [[Irelandi]] baada ya kufukuzwa wote, kwa karne tatu Wafransiskani wakaendelea kuingia ili kufanya utume kwa siri kutoka Ulaya Bara walipopokea na kulea miito ya visiwa hivyo. Wakonventuali walifanya kazi hasa kati ya Waortodoksi, wakivuta baadhi yao upande wa Roma na kutunza makundi madogomadogo ya Wakatoliki waliosambaa Mashariki. Pia walizuia Uprotestanti usienee kati ya Waortodoksi, hasa kwa kufaulu kumuondosha [[Patriarki]] wa Kostantinopoli aliyetaka kuhalalisha ungamo la imani la [[Wakalvini]]. Idara ya Papa ilistawisha pia misheni za Waoservanti chini ya utawala wa Waturuki, ambapo wengi walifia dini. Vilevile Wakapuchini walienea sehemu hizo na Urusi. Katika karne XVI Wafransiskani walichuma tunda bora India Kusini walipoungana na Roma Askofu Msiro-Malabari na familia 30,000. Wariformati walifanya kazi miaka 160 Ethiopia wakamwaga damu yao kwa wingi wasikate tamaa. Kuhusu uenezaji Injili kwa wasio Wakristo, karne XVI-XVII zilikuwa na miito mingi ya kimisionari, hata likatokea swali, “Je, Watumishi wanaweza kuzuia watawa wasiende kwenye nchi za misheni?”. Kumbe karne XVIII wito huo haukuvutia tena umati wa ndugu wasio na kazi, hata swali likawa tofauti kabisa, “Je, Watumishi wanaweza kuagiza watawa wao waende Amerika?”. Mkuu wa OFM alifikia hatua ya kutangaza atawatenga na Kanisa watakaozuia watawa wasifuate wito huo. Kwa kuwachagua na kuandaa vilikuwa muhimu vyuo vya kimisionari, hasa miito hiyo ilipopungua: pamoja na kuwakusanya, kazi yake ilikuwa kuwafundisha lugha na kuwalea kiroho na kichungaji. Mara kwa mara Wakapuchini walisita kukubali misheni za mbali kwa kuhofia mazingira yatafanya watawa washindwe kufuata maisha ya shirika yaliyopangwa mtindo mmoja; pia umbali utamzuia Mkuu asiwatembelee kama desturi: ndiyo sababu hawakuanzisha miundo ya kudumu huko. Upande wa Asia, Waturuki Waosmani walipoteka [[Yerusalemu]] (1517) walifunga wamisionari wote kwa miaka mingi, wakaendeleza dhuluma za kila aina pamoja na kuchochea ushindani na Waortodoksi kuhusu kumiliki mahali patakatifu hata kusababisha wauane nao. Utaifa uliwavuruga vilevile. Wafransiskani walianzisha kanda huko India (1583) wakazidi kuenea Mashariki hadi [[Indonesia]] walipoanzisha kanda nyingine (1622). Misheni za Filipino ni sifa kubwa ya Pekupeku walioanzisha kanda huko (1586) na kulipatia Kanisa (kwa msaada hasa wa [[Wajesuiti]]) nchi kubwa pekee ya Kikatoliki katika Asia nzima. Toka huko wakaenea katika nchi zote za kandokando kuanzia China, walipoongoa mtu aliyekuja kuwa Askofu Mchina wa kwanza. Ila mabishano yao na Wajesuiti kuhusu mbinu za umisionari yalikwaza sana hata kudai Papa aingilie kati. Dhuluma zilipoanza (1723), thuluthi moja ya Wakatoliki 300,000 wa China walikuwa chini ya Ndugu Wadogo, ambao wakafichama na kuendelea na kazi yao, bila ya kujali jela na kifo, kama walivyofanya pia [[Vietinamu]] na [[Kampuchia]]. Hata Japani ulizuka ushindani na Wajesuiti, halafu dhuluma kali za serikali, lakini umisionari ukaendelea na kuongoa wengi zaidi. Baada ya Wafransisko 354 wa Utawa I na III kufia dini, waamini wakaendelea kwa siri bila ya mapadri: wamisionari wapya walipofika (1865) wakakuta Wakristo wenye majina ya Kifransisko! Upande wa Wakapuchini walianzisha misheni India (1632) ambapo walishindana na Wajesuiti kuhusu madhehebu ya Kimalabari hadi mwaka 1744. Sifa kubwa zaidi ilipata misheni ya [[Tibet]] (1707-1745) iliyoeneza Injili hadi [[Nepali]], [[Butani]] na [[Bengala]]. Tofauti na India, Afrika na Brazili (zilizokabidhiwa na Papa kwa Wareno), sehemu nyingi za Amerika zilikabidhiwa kwa Wahispania. Kanda OFM ya visiwani ilizidi kustawi hata watawa wake kufanya kazi ngumu [[Venezuela]] na [[Guyana]] (1540); baada ya majaribio kadhaa wakafaulu kupenya kati ya wazalendo wa Panama halafu kuenea [[Kolombia]], ambapo hadi mwisho wa karne XVI walibatiza [[Wahindi Wekundu]] 200,000. Wakati huo barani kulikuwa na kanda yenye ndugu 145; miaka 100 baadaye walikuwa 338. Wafransiskani 2 walifika [[Mexico]] pamoja na wavamizi (1519), lakini kazi rasmi ilianza miaka 5 baadaye, walipotumwa [[Waguadalupe]] 12 walioandaliwa vizuri; hao wakatunga [[sarufi]], [[kamusi]] na [[katekisimu]] kwa lugha ya [[Kiazteka]] na kuanzisha [[shule]]. Watu waliongoka kwa wingi mkubwa ajabu: 200,000 hadi mwaka 1529, 1,000,000 hadi 1531, 5,000,000 hadi 1536, 9,000,000 hadi 1540 ([[Wamersedari]], halafu Wadominiko na Waagustino walisaidia pia). Ndugu Wadogo walienea Kusini (1525) hadi [[Gwatemala]], [[Honduras]] na [[Nikaragua]], na Kaskazini (1527) katika maeneo ambayo sasa ni [[Marekani]] Kusini. Kanda ya Mexico iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1535 ikazaa nyingine 7 hadi Marekani Kusini (1612). Pekupeku pia walianzisha kanda (1599). Mwisho wa karne XVII kulikuwa na Wafransiskani 2,400, wengi wao wakiwa wananchi. Wavamizi wa [[Peruu]] pia waliongozana na Wafransisko katika safari ya kwanza (1527), halafu wakaletwa “mitume 12” waliofanya kazi bora Meksiko (1531), wakifuatwa na wengine wengi kutoka Hispania hata ikaundwa kanda (1553) ambayo nyumba yake mojawapo ilifikia kuhudumia parokia 29 kati ya Wahindi Wekundu: Wafransisko 129 waliuawa nao. Mjini [[Lima]] ilianzishwa konventi kubwa ya malezi kwa wamisionari wa Amerika Kusini karibu nzima. Mapema waliingia [[Ekwador]] (1533) wakaunda kanda (1565), sawasawa na walivyofanya [[Chile]], ingawa huko hawakuongezeka sana kwa sababu wengi waliuawa katika mapigano ya muda mrefu ya wenyeji dhidi ya wakoloni. Toka Peruu Ndugu Wadogo walifanya umisionari kati ya Wahindi Wekundu wa [[Bolivia]] pia hadi mwaka 1793. Walikuwa pia wa kwanza kufika Amerika Kusini Mashariki ([[Paragwai]], [[Ajentina]] na [[Urugwai]]) ilipoanzishwa kanda (1612). Huko Brazili, kwa miaka 100 Pekupeku walianzisha kanda mbili (1657, 1675). Katika karne XVII waliingia pia Wakapuchini na Waoservanti kufanya kazi hasa kwa Wahindi Wekundu, halafu kwa [[Wanegro]] na [[Wazungu]]. Wafransiskani wengine walifanya kazi katika makoloni ya Waingereza Marekani Magharibi, ingawa mmojammoja tu, halafu Wakapuchini waliingia katika makoloni ya Wafaransa visiwani, Guyana na Marekani ya Kati (1722), wakafanya kazi miaka mingi Panama, Haiti, [[Trinidad]] n.k. Hata [[Kanada]] wamisionari wa kwanza walikuwa Ndugu Wadogo (Warekoleti kuanzia mwaka 1615, halafu Wakapuchini): misheni zao zilifungwa kila mara maeneo ya Wafaransa yalipotekwa na Waingereza. Upande wa Afrika, misheni ya Moroko iliendelea hadi alipouawa Mfransiskani wa Italia (1532) ikafunguliwa tena na Wakapuchini (1624-1700), wakifuatwa na Pekupeku (kuanzia 1630). Huko Tunisia Wakapuchini walipojaribu mara ya pili walifaulu kufungua nyumba (1674). Huko Libya Wariformati (1630), halafu Wakapuchini waliendelea muda mrefu kwa matunda mengi. Huko Misri Wafransiskani waliendelea hadi karne XIX. Afrika Magharibi ([[Gine]], [[Kepuvede]], [[Siera Leoni]]) walifanya kazi zaidi Wakapuchini (kuanzia 1634), ingawa walifukuzwa mara kadhaa. Wafransiskani walianzisha misheni ya kudumu Kepuvede (1656), iliyoeneza kazi yake hadi Siera Leoni. Misheni bora ni ile ya Wakapuchini [[Kongo]]-[[Angola]] (1645-1835), ingawa kulikuwa na matatizo mengi (kwa miaka 100 walifia huko wamisionari 144). Aliyeianzisha alikubaliwa kufungua nyingine [[Nijeria]] (1651-1693). Wakapuchini walianzisha misheni nyingine ya kudumu katika kisiwa cha [[Saotome]] (1686) wakihudumia hata Wakristo wa pwani. Mtaguso wa Trento ulikuwa fursa kwa kila shirika kutambulisha wasomi wake. Ndugu Wadogo waliuchangia sana kupitia Maaskofu na wanateolojia waliohudhuria: Wakonventuali 67, Waoservanti 57 na Wakapuchini 8. Idadi inaonyesha kuwa upande wa masomo, waliofanya juhudi zaidi ni Wakonventuali, kwa kuwa hawakupatwa kamwe na wasiwasi wa marekebisho yote kuhusu hatari zake. Labda ndiyo kazi kubwa zaidi waliyolifanyia Kanisa, hasa kama washauri wa Idara za Mapapa na kama waandishi wa vitabu. Hata Waoservanti, walipoondoa wasiwasi huo, wakaona masomo kuwa kazi ya lazima kwa shirika, wakaendelea sana katika elimu (karne XVI-XVII). Kati ya Wakapuchini elimu ilishirikishwa kibinafsi tu, wasianzishe nyumba za masomo mpaka Mtaguso huo ulipolazimisha kuyapanga. Hapo wakasisitiza ndugu wasisome kwa ajili ya elimu, bali kwa kujirekebisha na kurekebisha wengine. Kwa jumla Ndugu Wadogo, hasa Italia, walikwepa vyuo vikuu na [[digrii]] mpaka Sisto V, katika jitihada zake kwa ajili ya Wakonventuali wenzake, alipoanzisha (1587) Chuo cha mt. Bonaventura kama kiini cha shirika lao upande wa elimu. Mwalimu huyo na Yohane Duns Scoto ndio waliofuatwa zaidi na Ndugu Wadogo wa karne hizo, ingawa hakuna aliyetangazwa rasmi kuwa afuatwe na shirika katika falsafa na teolojia. Katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne XVII walimtetea sana Scoto dhidi ya mashambulizi ya Wadominiko (washabiki wa Thoma wa Akwino), hata baadhi wakajaribu kumfanya atangazwe hivyo ili shirika lijitukuze kwa wataalamu wake kama mengine yalivyofanya. Mabishano hayakusaidia kujua ukweli, bali yalijenga ukuta kati ya mashirika hayo mawili yenye udugu wa asili. Hatimaye mkutano mkuu ukahimiza (1651) uhusiano mzuri na Wadominiko katika elimudini, [[shetani]] asiachiwe nafasi ya kufitini. Wakonventuali na Waoservanti waliujali sana muziki pia, kinyume cha Wakapuchini na Wariformati. ==Ndugu Wadogo katika ulimwengu wa kisasa (1762–2005)== ===Matatizo ya ndani na ya nje (1762–1869)=== Ongezeko la watawa lilifikia kilele chake kati ya mwaka 1760 na 1770, likishinda vizuio vilivyowekwa na viongozi wa Kanisa. Kama kawaida, shaka zilizosababishwa na mageuzi ya harakaharaka katika jamii na uchumi zilichangia pia ongezeko la miito ya wasiwasi yenye kutafuta usalama konventini. Kadiri hiyohiyo ilionekana wazi kuwa wingi si hoja na kuwa umati wa watawa haukuhuishwa na vipeo halisi. Uvivu haukuepukika ukazaa ulegevu na maovu mengi. Ingawa watu wadogo waliendelea kuwaheshimu watawa, wasomi walizidi kuwaona vielelezo wa tunu zisizo na maana tena. Jamii ilipokuwa inaelekea kasi matazamio mapya hata upande wa dini, watawa walizidi kujitenga konventini wakijali desturi zao na elimu yao ya kidini bila ya mawasiliano na elimudunia. Kati yao wachache tu walijitahidi kulinganisha imani na sayansi. Kwa muda mfupi mashirika, hasa ya Ombaomba, yalikuja kudharauliwa na wengi. Kufuatana na mawazo mapya kuhusu uchumi, serikali zilizidi kuyatazama kama mzigo au donda kwa jamii. Bahati mbaya, hali ya mashirika ilistahili lawama nyingi zilizotolewa. Sababu nyingine zilizoleta dhoruba juu ya watawa ni kwamba serikali zilitamani mali za mashirika yao, na maadui wa Kanisa waliwafanya shabaha ya kwanza, kwa kuwa kila mara ndio wanaohakikisha zaidi uimara wa ukatoliki chini ya Papa na dhidi ya utaifa (ambao wakati huo ulichochewa na serikali na kupendeza Maaskofu wengi). Ukweli wa dhati ni kwamba Mungu alitaka kutakasa watu aliowakusudia wawe moyo wa Kanisa. Katika barua rasmi za miaka hiyo, Watumishi wakuu waliweka wazi matatizo yaliyokuwepo (utaifa, ugomvi, uchu wa vyeo, [[wivu]], malezi ya kulipua, kujiingiza katika masuala ya siasa, utovu wa unyofu na unyenyekevu, utovu wa usafi na nidhamu) pamoja na utabiri wa dhoruba ijayo. Ugumu wa hali unaonekana pia katika miundo mikuu ya utawa kwenda kinyume cha kawaida: OFM toka 1791 karibu mfululizo iliongozwa na Watumishi wakuu Pekupeku na Mriformati badala ya Waoservanti (waliokuwa na msimamo laini); vilevile Wakapuchini toka 1754 hadi 1789 waliongozwa karibu mfululizo na wasio Waitalia (tofauti na wanashirika wenzao, watawa wa nchi hiyo walikuwa wakiridhika zaidi na hali ya shirika na kupinga urekebisho). Pia mikutano mikuu haikufanyika muda mrefu: katika OFM tangu 1768 hadi 1856; kwa Wakonventuali tangu 1789 hadi 1847. Iliwabidi Mapapa wateue Watumishi wakuu. Utatuzi ulijaribu kuelekea pande mbili: urekebisho wa hiari (kwa watawa wenyewe kujituma, hasa kwa kuanzisha makao ya upwekeni) na wa lazima (kwa viongozi kuimarisha nidhamu). Upande wa urekebisho wa hiari, kwa Waoservanti makao ya upwekeni yalikuwepo rasmi na kuhitaji kuhuishwa tu; kumbe matawi mengine hayakuwanayo. Watumishi wakuu wa Wakapuchini walijitahidi kuyaanzisha Italia na Hispania (huko kwa jina la “vyuo vya kimisionari”, yaani vituo vya sala na malezi ambapo watawa wajiandae kuhubiri) lakini walipingwa sana hata na washauri wao waliodai eti, shirika linafuata kwa umoja katiba yake, hivyo kukubali urekebisho ni kukiri limelegea; tena eti, anayetaka ukamilifu anaweza kuupata popote pale shirikani, hakuna haja ya kujitafutia mazingira ya pekee. Zilipokosekana juhudi za kutoka rohoni ililibidi shirika, hasa katika ngazi ya kanda, lidai vitendo vya nje vilivyopangwa kikamilifu katika vitabu vya taratibu na desturi vilivyoandikwa hasa wakati huo. Hivyo uaminifu ulidhaniwa kuishia katika utekelezaji wa vipengele vingi hivyo, ambavyo tena viliachwa iwezekanavyo vishikwe na vijana na mabradha, huku wengine wakijitafutia fadhili ili kuviepa. Serikali zilianza kuchukua hatua kali, zikidai haki ya kujihusisha na maisha yote ya Kanisa. Kisha kuwafukuza Wajesuiti kutoka nchi mbalimbali (1759-1768) zilimlazimisha [[Papa Klementi XIV]] (1769-1774) kulifuta kabisa shirika lao (1773) lililokuwa kizuio kikubwa kwa serikali kutawala [[Kanisa mahalia]] (Maaskofu walikuwa wakiridhika au kunyamaza badala ya kutetea mamlaka ya Papa juu ya majimbo yote duniani). Kuhusu mashirika mengine serikali (kuanzia Ufaransa, 1765) zilitumia mbinu ya kuanzisha “kamati ya urekebisho” chini ya Maaskofu, zikificha hivyo malengo halisi. Hizo kamati zilitunga sheria za kunyongea mashirika: kupunguza au kufunga konventi zote za sehemu fulani au za aina fulani, kukataza kuombaomba, kupandisha umri wa kuingia unovisi, kupanga idadi yao, na hasa kuzuia mahudhurio katika mikutano mikuu kwa kudai mikutano ya kitaifa tu, vilevile katiba ya kitaifa badala ya ile ya shirika lote, uongozi wa kitaifa usio chini ya ule wa shirika lote, kukataza kukata rufaa kwa Papa n.k. Tukiondoa [[Dola la Kipapa]], nchi zote za Ulaya zilipanga kunyonga mashirika. Kwa miaka 13 Ndugu Wadogo wa Ufaransa walipungua 3,756; kwa miaka 9 Hispania walipungua 5,582; kwa miaka 28 Polandi watawa walipungua asilimia 67! Chini ya siasa hiyo mashirika yalielekea kwisha bila ya sifa. Kumbe [[mapinduzi ya Kifaransa]] yalipoanza kutumia nguvu zaidi na kuamua kufuta mashirika yote (1790) watawa wengi walipata taji la [[kifodini]]. Kisha kutupwa nje ya konventi, walipaswa kuchagua kati ya kula kiapo haramu cha kutii serikali badala ya Papa, au kuhama nchi au kukatwa kichwa. Wengi walikubali kwa furaha mwaliko wa kuacha utawa na kupewa pensheni; lakini wengiwengi pia walikwenda kuishi kitawa hasa Amerika, au walitoa uhai wao ili kutetea haki za Kanisa: kati ya wafiadini hao Wafransisko ni zaidi ya 250. Jeshi la Ufaransa llilipovamia karibu Ulaya nzima, sheria za namna hiyo zilienezwa [[Ubelgiji]] (1796), Italia Kaskazini-Magharibi (1802), Ujerumani Magharibi (1803), Italia Kusini (1809), Hispania (1810). Hata nchi nyingine za Ulaya ya kati zilifuta mashirika au kuyabana zaidi. Katika kipindi hicho waliishi watakatifu [[Egidi Maria wa mt. Yosefu]] (+1812), Pekupeku ombaomba, na [[Yohane wa Triora]], Mwoservanti aliyefia dini China (+1816), na Waoservanti 8 waliofia dini huko [[Syria]] (+1860): mapadri [[Manuel Ruiz]], [[Karmelo Bolta]], [[Engelbati Kolland]], [[Nikanori Ascanio]], [[Petro Nolasko Soler]], [[Nikola Maria Alberca]] na mabradha [[Fransisko Pinazo]] na [[Yohane Yakobo Fernandez]]. Akaja kufuata Mkapuchini [[Fransisko Maria wa Camporosso]] (+1866), bradha ombaomba mwenye upendo mkuu. Pia kuna wenye heri 17. Wafaransa waliposhindwa, mkutano wa amani wa [[Vienna]] (1815) uliamua kurudisha iwezekanavyo hali iliyokuwepo Ulaya kabla ya mapinduzi. Hata mashirika wakajaribu kufanya hivyo, lakini haikuwa rahisi. Mawazo ya mapinduzi yalikuwa yameenea, yakidai uhuru na maendeleo. Watawa waliozoea kwa miaka kadhaa kuishi mmojammoja ulimwenguni, walipolazimishwa na Kanisa kurudi konventini hawakukubali tena nidhamu ya nadhiri. Pia ilikuwa vigumu kwao kuishi pamoja kutokana na misimamo yao tofauti kuhusu mapinduzi. Wasiwasi kuhusu kesho ukaendelea pia kwa sababu serikali mpya zilikuwa na siasa ileile ya kabla ya mapinduzi, hivyo mashirika yakaanza tena kufutwa: Urusi, ukiwa na Polandi chini yake (1831 hadi 1864), Ureno (1832-1890), Hispania (1836-1880), Italia Kaskazini Magharibi (kuanzia 1855), Italia nzima (kuanzia 1866), Ujerumani (1871-1875), Ufaransa (1880 kwa muda mfupi, tena kuanzia 1903). Wakati huo makoloni ya [[Amerika ya Kilatini]] yalijipatia uhuru (1820-1824): watawa wananchi walisimama wote upande wa mapinduzi, kumbe wamisionari (hasa Wahispania) waliyapinga wakateswa hadi kuuawa. Baada ya ushindi jamhuri mpya pia zilianza kudhulumu mashirika hata karibu kuyakomesha (k.mf. Brazili konventi zote ziliagizwa kufungwa mwaka 1822, Mexico mashirika yote yalifutwa mwaka 1855). Hivyo kila yalipotaka kuinuka, mashirika yalikumbwa na matatizo mapya. Hatimaye yalijikuta mali zake zimepungua sana, na wanashirika vilevile, lakini waliobaki wametakaswa kiasi kikubwa. Kwa jumla, si wengi sana waliofurahia hatua za serikali kuwaondoa utawani, ingawa katika nchi nyingi walipewa pensheni. Kati yao mapadri walifanya kazi ya kichungaji jimboni, na baadhi wakawa Maaskofu; mabradha walitoa huduma katika sakristia au hospitali, ila wengine walirudi kwa ndugu zao. Idara ya Papa kwa Watawa ilitoa miongozo kuhusu hali yao na uhusiano na shirika, ikiwahimiza daima waishi kijumuia kadiri iwezekanavyo. Ndizo juhudi za Watumishi wakuu pia, ingawa waliona ugumu wa kuzitekeleza. Mang’amuzi ya maisha ya nje, yasiyo na hakika kiuchumi, yaliwasaidia watawa kuelewa watu wa kawaida, ambao si wakulima hasa kama zamani, bali umati wa wafanyakazi wenye kudhulumiwa na [[ubepari]] katika nchi za viwanda. Wakiishi ulimwenguni hasa Ndugu Wadogo waliacha usomi wao na tabia nyingine za tabaka la juu walizokuwanazo, wakajenga uhusiano mpya na watu na kuwajibika kuwasaidia hata kijamii. Miaka ya kukaa nje ya konventi ndiyo miaka ambapo mashirika mengi ya huduma yalianzishwa na watawa hao. ===Ukarabati (1869-1962)=== Maisha ya kitawa yalipoanza kuruhusiwa tena, waliojitahidi kufufua mashirika yao hawakufikiria kutekeleza karama asili katika mazingira mapya, bali kukarabati tu kilichobaki cha karne iliyopita. Waliridhika kujiona wanashangiliwa bado na watu wema wengi, bila ya kujali jamii inavyozidi kusogea mbali na tunu zao. Hivyo katika malezi wakasisitiza mambo yaleyale ya zamani hasa katika nchi (k.mf. Italia) ambapo miaka ya utawa kuzuiwa haikuwa mingi. Ndugu Wadogo waliweza kupata kwa urahisi miito ya kibradha, ila si ya kipadri, kwa kuwa wengi hawakuwa na elimu au ilikuwa tofauti na ile iliyodaiwa na Kanisa. Tena, waliokuwa wamesoma waliona wazi mbele yao njia za kufanikiwa ulimwenguni, na hawakuweza kufuata mitindo ya malezi ya kitawa iliyokuwa ileile ya zamani, yenye kusawazisha mno watu wenye vipawa tofauti. Basi, miito ikatafutwa kati ya watoto wa familia bora za wakulima wasioweza kuwasomesha: kwao ilikuwa heshima kuwa na mtoto padri mtawa. Ndivyo zilivyoanza (1869) [[seminari]] za kiserafi ambazo, baada ya kupingwa na watawa wazee, zikaja kuenea haraka na kuhimizwa rasmi katika matawi yote. Hapo muundo mzima wa malezi ukaja kubadilika, kwa kupatikana madarasa ya vijana wa kuongozana kuanzia umri wa miaka 11-12 hadi upadri, wakipata malezi yote utawani na hivyo kufyonza desturi, misimamo, mitazamo na matarajio ya shirika. Hawakukosekana watawa maarufu waliopinga malezi ambayo pengine haikuwa na maana tena wala ukweli na unyofu wa Kifransisko, ikitaka kusawazisha wote katika mitindo ya nje, na kugeuza vijana kuwa wanasesere wanaotenda lolote kwa kuongozwa. Hata hivyo seminari hizo ndogo zikawa mbinu kuu kwa karibu miaka mia. [[Jubilei]] ya miaka 700 tangu azaliwe Fransisko (1882) iliadhimishwa kwa unyonge, lakini [[Papa Leo XIII]] (1878-1903) alitoa hati iliyohimiza kufufua miundo ya Kifransisko, hasa Utawa III, dhidi ya [[ubinafsi]] unaotawala dunia. Miaka miwili baadaye Wakapuchini wakaadhimisha mkutano mkuu muhimu sana, uliochukua hatua mbalimbali na kumchagua Mtumishi mkuu bora aliyeongoza miaka 24 kwa mafanikio makubwa katika yote, k.mf. wanashirika wakiongezeka kutoka 7,896 hadi 10,083. Mwaka 1889 Wafransiskani pia, baada ya kuongozwa miaka 20 na Mriformati bora, wakafaulu kufanya mkutano mkuu uliotunga katiba kwa shirika lote, jambo lililokusudiwa bure tangu mwaka 1517; hata hivyo Wariformati walidai ruhusa ya kufuata pia sheria zao maalumu. Mwaka 1895 Leo XIII aliupendekezea mkutano mkuu muungano wa matawi OFM uwe agenda kuu, na Kardinali akaeleza namna ya kuyaunganisha. Waoservanti wote wakakubali, Warekoleti vilevile kwa sharti la kutunza ufukara kwa uangalifu, kumbe Wariformati na Pekupeku walio wengi wakakataa; jumla ya kura ikawa 77 ndiyo na 31 hapana. Basi kamati ikaandaa katiba mpya iliyothibitishwa mwaka 1897, halafu Leo XIII akatangaza rasmi muungano kamili wa matawi yote chini ya Mtumishi mkuu tu, ambao uonekane wazi hata kwa nje (kanzu ya mtindo mmoja badala ya ainaaina na rangi ya kahawia badala ya zile tofauti za awali: nyeusi, ya kijivu, ya zambarau na ya baharia). Akaagiza kanda zisizokubali wasiweze kupokea wanovisi tena, na watawa binafsi wasiokubali wapangiwe nyumba maalumu ambapo wakae wao tu, bila ya kuchanganyikana na walioungana. Hata hivyo muungano haukufanikiwa vizuri; Wahispania walikubali katiba lakini wakaendelea kujiongoza kitaifa hadi 1932; hasa majaribio ya kuunganisha katika kanda moja Wafransiskani wa matawi mbalimbali yalisababisha ushindani mwingi hadi juzijuzi. Hatimaye Wakonventuali pia walianza tena kufanya mikutano mikuu (1891); mwaka 1904 wakamchagua Mtumishi mkuu kutoka kanda ya Marekani, iliyoanzishwa 1872: hatua hiyo ilionyesha wazi mwelekeo mpya wa kimataifa. Jubilei ya miaka 700 tangu shirika lianze (1909), iliadhimishwa kwa fahari zaidi, kutokana na hali ya kutumainisha ya matawi yote. Ila lilizuka suala la uhalisi wa shina na uongozi kuhusiana na Fransisko. Hapo [[Papa Pius X]] (1903-1914) akatamka kwamba, “Watumishi wakuu wa familia tatu za Kifransisko wako sawa kwa heshima na mamlaka walizonazo, nao watazamwe sawia kama makamu na waandamizi halisi wa Fransisko, kila mmoja katika familia yake... Mashirika matatu ya familia ya Ndugu Wadogo ni kama matawi matatu ya mti uleule, ambao mzizi na shina lake ni Fransisko, na viungo vyake ni Ndugu Wadogo kwa haki kamili na sawia”. [[Vita vikuu vya kwanza]] (1914-1918) na [[Mkusanyo wa Sheria za Kanisa]] (1917) havikuleta mabadiliko makubwa utawani. Jubilei ya kifo cha mwanzilishi (1926) ilichochea Wafransisko wote; hali ilikuwa tofauti na karne iliyopita, kwa sababu ya kujitolea sana hata kijamii, jambo lililowafanya waheshimiwe upya na Waprotestanti na waasi wa dini pia. Hata hivyo katika nchi chache dhuluma zikawajia tena: kwanza Mexico (1926-1932), halafu Hispania (1936-1939), walipouawa Ndugu Wadogo 320 na Wafransisko wengine 88. Baadaye vikazuka [[vita vikuu vya pili]] (1939-1945) vilivyoharibu sana hasa Ulaya ya Kati na kanda zake. Lakini mabaya zaidi yakafuata Ulaya Mashariki ukiwa chini ya [[Ukomunisti]] ambao, pamoja na kueneza mafundisho ya wakanadini na kupotosha maadili, pengine ulifuta mashirika yote, pengine uliyawekea vizuio vingi. Kumbe Magharibi tunu nyingi zikaja kufifia kadiri uchumi ulivyostawi na kuleta anasa. Watawa wote na Kanisa zima wakajiuliza upya kuhusu maana ya uwepo wao katika ulimwengu wa kisasa. Majibu yakawa tofauti, na vizazi vikabishana: katika hali hiyo [[Papa Yohane XXIII]] (1958-1963) aliitisha [[Mtaguso II wa Vatikani]] (1962-1965). [[File:Padre-Pio-young.jpg|thumb|right|Padri kijana Pio wa Pietrelcina alipolazimishwa kupigwa picha ikionyesha [[madonda matakatifu]] ya Yesu mikononi.]] Ingawa kesi za kutangazia watakatifu zinachukua kwa kawaida miaka mingi, baadhi ya ndugu wa kipindi hicho wameshafikia hatua hiyo. Kuna Wafransiskani wanane waliofia dini China (1900): Maaskofu [[Gregori Grassi]], [[Francesco Fogolla]] na [[Antonino Fantosati]], halafu mapadri [[Elia Facchini]], [[Teodoriko Balat]], [[Giuseppe Maria Gambero]] na [[Cesidio Giacomantonio]], hatimaye bradha [[Andrea Bauer]]. Wakapuchini wako watatu: bradha [[Konrado wa Parzham]] (+1894), bawabu; halafu mapadri [[Leopoldo Mandich]] (+1942) na [[Pio wa Pietrelcina]] (+1968), mashujaa wa kitubio. Mkonventuali ni mmoja, [[Maksimiliani Maria Kolbe]] (+1941), shahidi wa upendo katika [[makambi ya maangamizi]] ya [[Wanazi]]. Wenye heri wako 50, wengi wao wakiwa wafiadini. ===Changamoto ya Mtaguso II wa Vatikani (1962-2005)=== Mtaguso huo ulisisitiza kweli za kudumu na kuelekeza namna ya kukabili kichungaji ulimwengu wa kisasa. Kwa ajili hiyo watawa pia walidaiwa kujirekebisha upya, hasa kiroho. Ndugu Wadogo, sawa na watawa wote, walipaswa kurekebisha katiba zao pia kwa kutoa wote maoni yao, kufanya mikutano mikuu na majaribio mbalimbali. Kazi hiyo ilichukua miaka mingi kuliko ilivyotarajiwa, kwa kufikiria upya vipengele vyote vya maisha ya Kifransisko. Kwa mara ya kwanza mabadiliko ya katiba yaliwekwa mikononi mwa wanashirika, kwa kujali wingi si ubora wao, basi, iliwezekana kufuta harakaharaka mambo yaliyowashinda wengi, bila ya kujali kama yanafaa bado au la. Halafu wasiwasi uliokuwepo kabla ya Mtaguso ulilipuka na kusababisha wengi wapotewe na dira hata katika imani na maadili. Matokeo yake wengi waliacha utawa na upadri. Wengine walibaki pasipo msimamo, kwa kuona mengi ya zamani yamebadilishwa na mapya ni ya muda (yamekubaliwa kwa majaribio). Ratiba ya sala ilipunguzwa sana, kama si kuachwa kabisa. Utafiti uliofanywa na uongozi wa Wakapuchini ulionyesha kwamba wanashirika walio wengi wasingeshauri kijana kujiunga nao. Ndiyo sababu, pamoja na miito kujitokeza kwa nadra Ulaya, idadi ya Ndugu Wadogo ikapungua haraka tangu mwaka 1963 (OFM) na 1964 (OFMCap); kumbe Wakonventuali walipungua haraka kati ya 1968 na 1975, halafu wakaanza kuongezeka polepole sana. Wengine wasioridhika na mabadiliko hayo, baada ya kunyimwa na Watumishi wao uhuru waliotaka kwa kufuata maisha ya kijumuia ya Kifransisko zaidi, wakaamua kuanzisha matawi mapya. Wakapuchini kadhaa (wakifuatwa na Wafransiskani pia) wakaanzisha [[Ndugu Wadogo Wapya]] huko Italia (1972) na [[Ndugu Wadogo Wamisionari]] huko Brazili (1973). Akielewa nia yao njema katika hali ya fujo iliyotanda, [[Papa Paulo VI]] (1963-1978) aliwakubalia wabaki na nadhiri zao kuu baada ya kuacha shirika walipoziweka. Wakapuchini wengine wa Italia walianzisha [[Ndugu wa Mt. Fransisko]] (1983), na wa Marekani [[Wafransisko wa Upyaisho]] (1987). Hatimaye Wakonventuali kadhaa wa Italia na Filipino wakaanzisha [[Wafransisko wa Imakulata]] (1990) kwa ruhusa ya pekee ya [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] (1978-2005) aliyewafanya mapema kuwa [[shirika la Kipapa]]. Huko na huko kuna makundi mengine madogo, na akina dada wanaoyafuata kwa kushika vilevile kanuni ya Utawa I. Juhudi za kuyaunganisha zimeshindikana kwa kuwa yana sura tofauti. Kwa jumla mashirika hayo hayakuongezeka sana. Hata hivyo uwepo wake umekuwa changamoto kwa matawi makubwa ambayo yakaanza kujirudi kidogo, baada ya kupungukiwa na wengi wasiokuwa na msimamo pamoja na kutambua matokeo ya majaribio yaliyofanywa; shida ni kwamba kujirekebisha baada ya kulegea sana si rahisi, hasa kama kazi hiyo inahusu idadi kubwa ya watu. Polepole karama ya mwanzilishi na ya kila tawi ikaja kuzingatiwa tena kwa furaha, badala ya kujali masuala ya miundo tu. Mambo mengi yaliyosahauliwa kwa karne kadhaa yakaja kuonekana muhimu hasa leo, kama vile roho ya kanuni (udugu na udogo) kuliko mtazamo wa kisheria uliotawala matamko ya Mapapa wa zamani; au usawa wa watawa wote bila ya tabaka; au uwajibikaji wa kila mmoja katika uendeshaji wa jumuia, kanda na shirika; au umuhimu wa mikutano, kuanzia ngazi ya nyumba (ambapo ulikuwa umebaki kwa Wakonventuali tu). Wakati huohuo mabishano kati ya matawi yakapungua sana kwa njia ya ushirikiano wa kidugu mkubwa zaidi na zaidi katika ngazi zote. Hatimaye katiba zikaja kuthibitishwa na Kanisa kulingana na toleo la pili la Mkusanyo wa Sheria zake kwa Walatini (1983). Utulivu upande huo umeleta msimamo mkubwa zaidi kwa viongozi na kwa wanashirika jumla: kinadharia njia imeeleweka; sasa kazi ni kuifuata hadi mwisho. Baada ya Ukomunisti kuanguka (1989) matawi yote yamejitahidi kujiimarisha Ulaya Mashariki walipopata tena nafasi ya kuhubiri na kupokea miito, ambayo huko ni mingi. Mungu anazidi kuongoza historia. ===Utume (1762-2005)=== Kati ya 1762 na 1889 dhuluma zilifyeka idadi ya Wafransisko kwa asilimia 82.1 na kufuta kabisa kanda nyingi (Ufaransa zote 32!) na kuziacha nyingine hoi. Hata hivyo, kanda chache zilistawi, kwa kuwa mawazo ya uhuru kwa wananchi yalikomesha dhuluma za kidini pale zilipokuwepo toka muda mrefu sana, hasa Irelandi na Uingereza. Kwa namna ya pekee mashirika yakaja kustawi Amerika Kaskazini walipohamia watawa wengi. Baada ya dhuluma hizo kwisha, kadiri Ndugu Wadogo walivyorudi kupenya maisha halisi ya Kanisa na ya jamii, walielewa ni tofauti sana na yalivyokuwa kabla ya dhoruba. Iliwabidi kutumia ubunifu wa Kifransisko kuitikia mahitaji mapya ya watu kwa utendaji usiozimika, ingawa ukatokea mgongano kati ya taratibu za maisha ya kijumuia na madai ya utume huo. Mahubiri yaliendelea kuwa njia kuu ya utume, sio tu katika [[wiki za uamsho]], maandalizi ya sherehe na [[mafungo]], bali pia kwa njia ya vyombo vya [[upashanaji habari]]: baada ya magazeti (la kwanza lilianzishwa na Wakapuchini wa Ufaransa mwaka 1861; kufikia mwaka 1919 yalikuwa 164 tayari, halafu yakazidi tena), Ndugu Wadogo walifanya kazi katika [[redio]] na [[televisheni]] au kuzimiliki wenyewe. Katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne XX utume wa maungamo ulishika nafasi kubwa hata kwa Wakapuchini, ambao toka mwanzo hadi mwaka 1847 walikuwa wakizuiwa na katiba wasifanye kazi hiyo. Nusu ya pili ya karne XIX na nusu ya kwanza ya karne XX juhudi za Ndugu Wadogo zilizaa vyama vingi vya kitume. Kati ya vile vilivyoenea zaidi tukumbuke kile cha [[Mashujaa wa Imakulata]] (1917) cha Maximiliani Maria Kolbe, na kile cha [[Makundi ya Sala]] cha Pio wa Pietrelcina. Baadaye Ndugu Wadogo wengi wakaja kupendelea matapo mapya ya kiroho, yaliyoanzishwa na walei, wakajihusisha nayo kuliko walivyojihusisha na shirika lao, hata kusababisha swali: je, kwao ni muhimu zaidi kuwa wanashirika au kufuata tapo fulani? Utume wa kijamii ulipata sura nyingi kulingana na mahitaji ya watu wadogo: huduma za huruma, mshikamano wa kutumia kiasi (katika kunywa), upatikanaji wa kazi na vitendeakazi, vyuo kwa mabubu-viziwi, benki, utume kwa wazururaji, kwa watu wa kuhamahama, na kwa wahamiaji wa nchi zilizoendelea, huduma hospitalini n.k. Baada ya vita vikuu vya pili, na hasa mara baada ya Mtaguso, karama maalumu iliposahauliwa ili kujali zaidi upadri wa mtawa, mashirika yalikimbilia utume wa mapadri wanajimbo kwa kupokea parokia nyingi. Kumbe yalipokumbuka tena karama ya kitawa yakaona ugumu wa kupunguza utume wa aina hiyo (kurudisha parokia kwa jimbo lililopungukiwa mapadri). Hivyo, pamoja na uhaba wa miito yakajikuta yanalemewa yasiweze kutua mzigo waliojitwisha. Upande wa umisionari, katika karne XIX [[ukoloni]] wa Wazungu, waliokuja kutawala maeneo makubwa duniani kote, ulifungua njia na milango kwa uenezaji wa imani. Kanisa lilichangamkia tena kazi hiyo kuanzia Ufaransa, na kufanya mipango mingi ya ushirikiano na wamisionari, hata kuanzisha miundo ya kimataifa ambayo yakaja kuwekwa moja kwa moja chini ya Papa, na vilevile mashirika mbalimbali ya kimisionari tu. Ndugu Wadogo walipoanza kuinuka baada ya dhoruba wakakuta juhudi hizo zimeshaenea hata zikaja kufikia kilele chake kati ya vita vikuu. Basi matawi yote matatu yakajitosa katika kazi hiyo, tena kwa upana na mpango kuliko zamani. Kufikia mwaka 1934 Wafransiskani walishika nafasi ya kwanza kati ya mashirika yote kwa wingi wa wamisionari (3,600). Pigo kubwa lililowapata ni kufukuzwa wageni wote 550 waliokuwepo China katika majimbo 29 ya kwao (1949). Wakapuchini wamisionari waliokuwa 377 mwaka 1890, wakaongezeka hadi kuwa 1,562 mwaka 1975, wengi wao Afrika, India na Indonesia. Hivyo kanda za Amerika ya Kilatini zikastawi (ndugu 1,600 wa mwaka 1905 wakawa 4,700 mwaka 1975); zikaanzishwa nyinginyingi Asia, na chache Afrika na Australia. Basi, kama inavyotokea kwa Kanisa lote, asilimia ya Wazungu shirikani inazidi kupungua, kumbe ndugu wa kontinenti nyingine wanaongezeka. Kwa mfano, kati ya Wakapuchini mwaka 1997 asilimia 15 walikuwa Amerika ya Kilatini, 14 Asia-[[Australia]] na 10 Afrika. Takwimu ni kama ifuatavyo: Mwaka 1762 hivi: (Waoservanti) 39,900; (Pekupeku) 7,000; (Wariformati) 19,000; (Warekoleti) 11,000 = OFM jumla 76,900; Wakonventuali 21,000; Wakapuchini 34,000 = Jumla kuu 131,900. Mwaka 1889 hivi: (Waoservanti) 6,200; (Pekupeku) 900; (Wariformati) 5,700; (Warekoleti) 1,600 = OFM jumla 14,400; Wakonventuali 1,500; Wakapuchini 7,600 = Jumla kuu 23,500. Mwaka 1964 hivi: OFM 27,100; Wakonventuali 4,800; Wakapuchini 11,229 = Jumla kuu 43,129. Mwaka 2005: OFM 15,794; Wakonventuali 4,595; Wakapuchini 11,229; Wafransisko wa Imakulata 282 = Jumla kuu 31,900. Upande wa elimu, kulingana na sheria za Kanisa, mipango ya masomo imebadilika, miaka ya falsafa na teolojia kwa ajili ya upadri imeongezeka, mbali ya seminari ndogo kuna vituo vingi wanaposoma pamoja watawa wa mashirika mbalimbali na pengine waseminari wa majimbo, kila tawi limeunda kituo kikuu cha malezi ya juu huko Roma, ambapo kuna vyuo vikuu vya Wakonventuali (Seraphicum) na OFM (Antonianum), na digrii kati ya wanashirika zimeenea. ==Tanbihi== <!--<nowiki> See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the<ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below </nowiki>--> {{Reflist|2}} ==Marejeo== === Vitabu === * ''The Poor and the Perfect: The Rise of Learning in the Franciscan Order, 1209–1310'' by Neslihan Senocak. (Cornell University Press; 2012) 280 pages; shows how Franciscans shifted away from an early emphasis on poverty and humility and instead emphasized educational roles *''A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517'' by [[John Moorman|John Richard Humpidge Moorman]], [[St. Bonaventure University|Franciscan Institute]] Publications, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8199-0921-3 *''Origins of the Franciscan Order'' by Cajetan Esser, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1970. ISBN 978-0-8199-0408-9 *''The Leonine Union of the Order of Friars Minor'' by Maurice Carmody, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-084-3 *''Friars Minor in China: 1294 – 1944'', by Arnulf Camps and Pat McCloskey, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1996. ISBN 978-1-57659-002-7 *''In the Name of St. Francis: A History of the Friars Minor and Franciscanism until the Early Sixteenth Century'', by Grado Giovanni Merlo, translated by Robert J. Karris and Raphael Bonanno, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2009. ISBN 978-1-57659-155-0 *''The History of Franciscan Theology'', by Kenan Osborne, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-032-4 *''Friars Minor in Ireland from Their Arrival to 1400'', by Francis Cotter, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-083-6 *''The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform'', by Thaddeus MacVicar, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1986. ISBN 978-1-57659-086-7 *''Medieval Franciscan Houses'', by John R. H. Moorman, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1983. ISBN 978-1-57659-079-9 *''A Poor Man's Legacy: An Anthology of Franciscan Poverty'', by Cyprian Lynch, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1989. ISBN 978-1-57659-069-0 *''The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages'', by E. Randolph Daniel, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1992. ISBN 0-8131-1315-6 *''Peace and Good in America, A History of the Holy Name Province, Order of the Friars Minor, 1850s to the Present'', by Joseph M. White, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57659-196-3 *''The Birth of a Movement'', by David Flood and Thaddee Matura, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1975. ISBN 978-0-8199-0567-3 *''A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517'' by John R. H. Moorman, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1968) ISBN 0-19-826425-9; reprint: Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago, IL (1988) ISBN 0-8199-0921-1 *''Franciscan Philosophy at Oxford in the Thirteenth Century'' by D.E. Sharp, Oxford University Press, London (1930); (a more recent ed.: ISBN 0-576-99216-X) *''Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition)'' by C.H. Lawrence, ISBN 0-582-40427-4 *''The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis'' by David Burr. ISBN 0-271-02128-4 *''Francis and Clare: The Complete Works'' By Ignatius C. Brady, Regis J. Armstrong, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, (1982) ISBN 0-8091-2446-7 *''The Fraternal Economy: A Pastoral Psychology of Franciscan Economics'' By David B. Couturier, Cloverdale Books, South Bend (2007) ISBN 978-1-929569-23-6 *''Francis of Assisi: Early Documents'' 3 Volumes. Edited by Regis J. Armstrong, OFM Cap., J.A. Wayne Hellmann, OFM Conv., and William J. Short, OFM. New York: New City Press. Copyright 1999, Franciscan Institute of Saint Bonaventure University, Saint Bonaventure, NY. ISBN 978-1-56548-110-7. * "The Franciscan Story" by Maurice Carmody, Athena Press Publishing Co. UK (2008). ISBN 1-84748-141-8 ; ISBN 978-1-84748-141-2 * "Santo António de Lisboa - Da Ciência da Escritura ao Livro da Natureza", Maria Cândida Monteiro Pacheco, Imprensa Nacional casa da Moeda,Lisboa, (1997), ISBN 972-27-0855-4 * "O Simbolismo da Natureza em Santo António de Lisboa", José Acácio Aguiar e Castro,Universidade Católica Portugesa- Fundação Engº António de Almeida, Porto, 1997, ISBN UCP 972-9290.13-X /FEAA 972-8386-03-6 ===Makala=== * Schmucki, Oktavian (2000) "Die Regel des Johannes von Matha und die Regel des Franziskus von Assisi. Ähnlichkeiten und Eigenheiten. Neue Beziehungen zum Islam" (pp.&nbsp;219–244) in Cipollone, Giulio (ed.). ''La Liberazione dei 'Captivi' tra Cristianità e Islam: Oltre la Crociata e il Gihâd: Tolleranza e Servizio Umanitario.'' (CollectaneaArchivi Vaticani, 46.) Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City. * [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263206.2012.653139 , Masha Halevi, Between Faith and Science: Franciscan Archaeology in the Service of the Holy Places, Middle Eastern Studies Volume 48, Issue 2, 2012pages 249-267] ==Tazama pia== [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Franciscans}} ===Tovuti rasmi=== ====Utawa wa Kwanza==== * [http://www.ofm.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum] * [http://www.ofmcap.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ofmcap.org/ |date=20190816054340 }} * [http://www.ofmconv.net/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum Conventualium] ====Utawa wa Tatu==== * [http://www.franciscan.org/ Tertius Ordo Regularis] * [http://www.ciofs.org/portal/index.php?lang=en Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ciofs.org/portal/index.php?lang=en |date=20140830143534 }} * [http://www.franciscancommunityofmercy.org/ Franciscan Community of Mercy]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, independent Franciscan website. * [http://www.franciscan-brothers.net/ Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis of Assisi] * [http://www.unwa.tk/ Little Brothers and Sisters of Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.unwa.tk/ |date=20210921191554 }} ===Wafransisko wa Kilutheri=== * [http://lutheranfranciscans.org/ Order of Lutheran Franciscans] *{{de icon}} [http://www.hochkirchliche-vereinigung.de/evt.html Evangelische Franziskaner-Tertiaren] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hochkirchliche-vereinigung.de/evt.html |date=20070625145621 }} in Germany. *{{sv icon}} [http://www.fto.st/ Franciskus Tredje Orden] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fto.st/ |date=20130821075633 }} in Sweden. * [http://www.marysisters.org.au/international/kanaan/kanaan-brothers.htm The Kanaan Franciscan Brothers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marysisters.org.au/international/kanaan/kanaan-brothers.htm |date=20110706125151 }} *{{sv icon}} [http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/klostren/Francisk.htm Helige Franciskus Systraskap] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/klostren/Francisk.htm |date=20071214030418 }} *{{sv icon}} [http://www.franciskus.fi/ Franciskus-Sällskapet i Finland] ===Wafransisko wa Anglikana=== *[http://www.franciscans.org.uk/ Anglican Franciscans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.org.uk/ |date=20110717021315 }} *[http://www.osffranciscans.com Order of Saint Francis (OSF)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.osffranciscans.com/ |date=20210609173449 }} *[http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ The Little Sisters of St. Clare] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ |date=20100902173451 }} *[http://www.holycrossfranciscans.com/ Franciscan Servants of the Holy Cross – Original Province (FSHC)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.holycrossfranciscans.com/ |date=20141220013315 }} *[http://companyofjesus.org/ The Company of Jesus (CJ)] *[http://www.fodc.net// The Franciscan Order of the Divine Compassion] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fodc.net// |date=20141217105120 }} *[http://cfw.dionc.org// The Community of the Franciscan Way] {{Wayback|url=http://cfw.dionc.org// |date=20140915034157 }} ===Wafransisko wasio na madhehebu=== *[http://scjesus.co.uk/ Companions of Jesus] {{Wayback|url=http://scjesus.co.uk/ |date=20140516194105 }}, a non-denominational order. *[http://www.franciscans.com/ Order of Ecumenical Franciscans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.com/ |date=20230208111212 }}, a non-denominational group. === Marejeo ya kitaalamu zaidi === * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt5199r1g0/ Online guide to the Academy of American Franciscan History Microfilm Collection, 1526–1972], [[The Bancroft Library]] * [http://users.bart.nl/~roestb/franciscan/ Franciscan authors, 13th – 18th century] {{Wayback|url=http://users.bart.nl/~roestb/franciscan/ |date=20140902235259 }} * [http://www.digitalfranciscans.com/ Digital Franciscans - Extensive list of Franciscan internet resources] {{Wayback|url=http://www.digitalfranciscans.com/ |date=20140810042301 }} [[Category:Kanisa Katoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] bvebj58b30acwr1nrogpifs3g9imce1 0 17383 1585194 157956 2026-08-07T00:14:48Z EmausBot 5566 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Mangwair]] to [[Albert Mangwea]] 1585194 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Albert Mangwea]] qy76d7l1wyyd4t3cdmm2bzsw0whmxv5 0 17384 1585193 157957 2026-08-07T00:14:37Z EmausBot 5566 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Mangwair]] to [[Albert Mangwea]] 1585193 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Albert Mangwea]] qy76d7l1wyyd4t3cdmm2bzsw0whmxv5 0 17385 1585192 157958 2026-08-07T00:14:26Z EmausBot 5566 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Mangwair]] to [[Albert Mangwea]] 1585192 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Albert Mangwea]] qy76d7l1wyyd4t3cdmm2bzsw0whmxv5 0 17386 1585191 157959 2026-08-07T00:14:14Z EmausBot 5566 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Mangwair]] to [[Albert Mangwea]] 1585191 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Albert Mangwea]] qy76d7l1wyyd4t3cdmm2bzsw0whmxv5 10 18459 1585404 1432664 2026-08-07T10:17:45Z Said Mfaume 68307 1585404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Wahusika wa Prison Break |title = Wahusika wa ''[[Prison Break]]'' |group1 = Wahusika wakuu |list1 = [[Michael Scofield]]{{·}} [[Lincoln Burrows]]{{·}} [[Fernando Sucre]]{{·}} [[Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell]]{{·}} [[Brad Bellick]]{{·}} [[Sara Tancredi]]{{·}} [[Benjamin Miles "C-Note" Franklin]]{{·}} [[Alexander Mahone]]{{·}} [[Paul Kellerman]]{{·}} [[John Abruzzi]]{{·}} [[Veronica Donovan]]{{·}} [[Lincoln "L. J." Burrows Jr.]]{{·}} [[Norman "Lechero" St. John]]{{·}} [[Sofia Lugo]]{{·}} [[Gretchen Morgan]]{{·}} [[James Whistler (Prison Break)|James Whistler]]{{·}} [[Donald Self]]{{·}} [[Jacob Anton Ness]]{{·}} [[Ja (Prison Break)|Ja]] |group2 = Msimu wa 1 (Fox River) |list2 = [[Charles Westmoreland]]{{·}} [[Charles "Haywire" Patoshik]]{{·}} [[David "Tweener" Apolskis]]{{·}} [[Henry Pope]]{{·}} [[Roy Geary]]{{·}} [[Nick Savrinn]]{{·}} [[Caroline Reynolds]]{{·}} [[Terrence Steadman]]{{·}} [[Manche Sanchez]]{{·}} [[Maricruz Delgado]]{{·}} [[Danny Hale]] |group3 = Msimu wa 2 (Kutoroka & The Company) |list3 = [[William "Bill" Kim]]{{·}} [[Felicia Lang]]{{·}} [[Wheeler (Prison Break)|Mark Wheeler]]{{·}} [[Frank Tancredi]]{{·}} [[Aldo Burrows]]{{·}} [[Jane Phillips]]{{·}} [[Sammie (Prison Break)|Sammy]]{{·}} [[Bill Sullivan]] |group4 = Msimu wa 3 (Sona) |list4 = [[Sammy (Prison Break)|Sammy]]{{·}} [[McGrady (Prison Break)|McGrady (Luis Gallego)]]{{·}} [[Alfonso Gallego]]{{·}} [[General Jonathan Krantz]]{{·}} [[Augusto (Prison Break)|Augusto]]{{·}} [[Escamilla]]{{·}} [[Osberto]] |group5 = Msimu wa 4 (Scylla) |list5 = [[Roland Glenn]]{{·}} [[Wyatt Mathewson]]{{·}} [[Christina Rose Scofield]]{{·}} [[Ralph Becker]]{{·}} [[General Jonathan Krantz]]{{·}} [[Miriam Hultz]]{{·}} [[Nathanael Edison]] |group6 = Msimu wa 5 (Ogygia / Yemen) |list6 = [[Whip (David Martin)]]{{·}} [[Ja (Prison Break)|Ja]]{{·}} [[Sid (Prison Break)|Sid]]{{·}} [[Whip Whittendale]]{{·}} [[Abu Ramal]]{{·}} [[A&W (Prison Break)|A&W]]{{·}} [[Van Gogh (Prison Break)|Van Gogh]] |below = [[Orodha ya wahusika wa Prison Break]] }} <noinclude> [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break| ]] [[Jamii:Vigezo vya urambazaji vya Prison Break]] </noinclude> 4to5ln32kdf2y91q9c8klo87fh6mt16 0 18710 1585106 1432610 2026-08-06T16:38:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uainishaji | rangi = #D3D3A4 | jina=Ng'ombe | picha = Nguni cattle.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Kundi la ng'ombe | domeni = https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%27ombe#/media/File:Nguni_cattle.jpg | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small> | faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)</small> | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] <small>(Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)</small> | oda = [[Artiodactyla]] <small>(Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni)</small> | nusuoda = [[Ruminantia]] <small>(Wanyama wanaocheua)</small> | familia = [[Bovidae]] <small>(Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ng'ombe]])</small> | bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821 | nusufamilia = [[Bovinae]] <small>(Wanyama wanaofanana na ng'ombe)</small> | jenasi = ''[[Bos]]'' <small>(Ng'ombe)</small> | bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | spishi = ''[[Ng'ombe|B. primigenius]]'' | bingwa_wa_spishi = ([[Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus|Bojanus]], 1827) | subdivision = '''Nususpishi 5:''' :†''[[B. p. africanus]]'' <small>([[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1881)</small> :''[[B. p. indicus]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> :†''[[B. p. namadicus]]'' <small>([[Hugh Falconer|Falconer]], 1859)</small> :†''[[B. p. primigenius]]'' <small>Bojanus, 1827</small> :''[[B. p. taurus]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> }} ^{Kwa kundinyota inayoweza kuitwa Ng'ombe angalia hapa [[Tauri (kundinyota)]]} '''Ng'ombe''' (zamani pia '''bakari''') ni [[wanyama]] wakubwa wanaokula [[nyasi]]. Ni wanyama wanaofugwa kwa wingi sana kwa ajili ya [[nyama]], [[maziwa]], [[ngozi]] au pia kwa kuvuta [[plau]] au [[gari la kukokotwa]]. Ki[[biolojia]] ni wanyama wa [[jenasi]] ''[[Bos]]''. “Ng'ombe-kaya” ni aina zifugwazo za “ng'ombe-mwitu” (''[[Bos primigenius]]''). Kwa asili kuna aina mbili za ng'ombe-kaya: [[ng'ombe wa Ulaya]] na [[ng'ombe wa Uhindi]] ambazo ni [[nususpishi]] za ''B. primigenius'' (''[[B. p. taurus]]'' na ''[[B. p. indicus]]'' mtawalia, ingawa mara nyingi [[nususpishi]] hizo zinaainishwa kama [[spishi]] za ''[[B. taurus]]'' na ''[[B. indicus]]''). Zinatoka kwa nususpishi za zamani ''B. p. primigenius'' na ''B. p. namadicus''. Siku hizi ni vigumu kufahamu nususpishi za ng'ombe, kwa sababu takriban aina zote za ng'ombe ni [[chotara]] sasa. Ng'ombe hula [[nyasi]] na hutembea kwa kwato. Ng'ombe waliofugwa na [[binadamu]] walitokana na ng'ombe-mwitu ili kujipatia [[nyama]] na [[maziwa]]. Katika nchi nyingi hutumiwa pia kama mnyama wa mizigo anayevuta [[plau]] au [[gari|magari]]. Wataalamu huamini ya kwamba aina zote za ng'ombe zina asili katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]] mnamo [[milenia ya 9 KK]] ambako watu waliwahi kuwafuga na kutoka hapa [[ufugaji]] ng'ombe ulisambaa kote [[dunia]]ni. Ng'ombe wanapatikana kote duniani na kuna aina kwa kila namna ya [[hali ya hewa]]. Wengine huishi katika milima [[baridi]] ya [[Uskoti]] na [[Skandinavia]], wengine katika [[joto]] la [[Afrika]] au [[Australia]]. Wanacheua [[chakula]] chao na huwa na [[tumbo]] lenye vyumba vinne. Baada ya kula [[nyasi]] mara ya kwanza wanairudisha kutoka chumba cha kwanza cha tumbo na kuitafuna tena. Kwa njia hii wanapata [[lishe]] nyingi kutoka nyasi. ==Nususpishi== * ''Bos primigenius'', [[Ng'ombe]] ** †''Bos p. africanus'', [[Ng'ombe-mwitu wa Afrika]] – '''imekwisha sasa''' ** ''Bos p. indicus'', [[Ng'ombe wa Uhindi]] ([[w:Zebu|Zebu]]) ** †''Bos p. namadicus'', [[Ng'ombe-mwitu wa Uhindi]] – '''imekwisha sasa''' ** †''Bos p. primigenius'', [[Ng'ombe-mwitu]] – '''imekwisha sasa''' ** ''Bos p. taurus'', [[Ng'ombe wa Ulaya]] ([[w:Cattle|Cattle]]) ==Picha== <gallery> File:Aurochs reconstruction.jpg|Ng'ombe-mwitu File:Picswiss UR-27-22.jpg|Ng'ombe wa Ulaya File:Zebu Bild1196.jpg|Ng'ombe wa Uhindi. File:Longhorns_037.jpg|Ng'ombe ya Ankole - Watutsi "Kibinda" Image:Watusi cattle - Watussirind.jpg|Ng'ombe wa [[Watutsi]]."Gaju" Image:White-Park-Kalb.jpg|Ndama aliyezaliwa sasa hivi Image:Bezerro_mamando_REFON.jpg|Ndama anapata maziwa kutoka kwa [[mama]] Image:Cow milking machine in action DSC04132.jpg|[[Mashine]] ya kukamulia maziwa Image:Brahman2644.JPG|Chotara wa Brahman Image:Cow_female_black_white.jpg|Friesian-Holstein ni ng'ombe wa maziwa mengi sana Image:Raseteur.jpg|[[Mchezo wa ng'ombe]] hupendwa sana katika nchi zenye [[utamaduni]] wa [[Hispania|Kihispania]] </gallery> == Viungo vya Nje == {{commonscat|Bos taurus|Ng'ombe}} * [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/ Cattle Breeds website] - Oklahoma State University * [https://ufugaji.co.tz/mwanzo/ngombe/ Ufugaji na magonjwa ya Ng'ombe] {{Wayback|url=https://ufugaji.co.tz/mwanzo/ngombe/ |date=20180604191019 }} - Sekta ya Mifugo Tanzania * [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/holycow/index.html PBS Nature: Holy Cow (about cows in general)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/holycow/index.html |date=20140714200310 }} <!-- interwiki --> {{mbegu-mnyama}} {{Artiodactyla|R.4}} [[Jamii:Ng'ombe na jamaa]] [[Jamii:Wanyama wa Biblia]] hxagcgjabtw9lr0kj4hp7h8defzglaw 0 23149 1585135 1392061 2026-08-06T19:12:41Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Chid Benz | Img = | Img_capt = | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Rashidi Abdallah Makwiro | Pia anajulikana kama = Chuma Cha Ilala | Amezaliwa = 1985 | Amekufa = | Asili yake = | Ala = Sauti | Aina ya sauti = | Aina = Hip Hop, Gangsta Rap, Bongo Flava, RnB | Kazi yake = rapa | Miaka ya kazi = | Studio = | Ameshirikiana na = LA Familia, Chiku k, Nikki Mbishi, One The Incredible | Tovuti = | Ala zinazojulikana = }} '''Rashidi Abdallah Mohamed Makwiro'''<ref>{{Citation|last=Jicholauswazi|title=Chid Benz Harmonize Hajaenda Shule Pesa Amepewa Na Mwanamke,Konki Masta Anacheza Na Watoto Kwenda |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k8-8JdumVNw|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref> (anafahamika kwa [[jina la kisanii]] kama '''Chid Benz'''; amezaliwa [[1985]]) ni [[rapa]] wa [[muziki]] wa [[hip hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ndiye [[mwanzilishi]] na ndiye [[kiongozi]] wa [[kundi]] la [[wasanii]] wa [[Ilala]] almaarufu kama [[LAFamilia]]. Benz anasifika kwa kupata ushirika mwingi kwa sasa kuliko msanii yeyote yule wa [[Tanzania]]. Amewahi kushirikiana na [[Stara Thomas]], [[Ray C.]], [[Lady Jay Dee]], [[Tunda Man]], [[Spark]], [[Mwasiti]], [[Mangwair]], [[Maunda Zorro]] na wengine wengi tu. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== *{{Tzdrctr name|id=44|name=Chid Benz}} *[http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/raha/2008/04/27/113214.html CHID BENZ: Mwana-hiphop asiyeogopa kuitwa bishoo kwavile ni bishoo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ippmedia.com/ipp/raha/2008/04/27/113214.html|date=20081013124207}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benz, Chid}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Bongo Fleva]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Tanzania]] 6dqhw9psh39590oxdccyfemt8pouez8 0 35310 1585170 1523778 2026-08-06T21:08:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Poxi Presha''' ([[1971]] - [[2005]]), jina halisi '''Prechard Pouka Olang,''' alikuwa mwanzilishi wa muziki wa aina ya rap nchini [[Kenya]]. Alijitokeza katikati ya miaka za tisaini na miziki wa hip hop ya ulioimbwa katika [[lugha ya Dholuo]] .<ref>New Internationalist, Aprili 2001 [https://web.archive.org/web/20070220070843/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JQP/is_333/ai_30254165 Translate this! ]</ref> Albamu yake ya kwanza ''Total Balaa'' ilitolewa mwaka wa 1999, na ilikuwa imetangulia na magoma katika redio kama "dhako", "Mummy" na "Otonglo Time". Albamu hii ilifuatiwa na ingine ''Vita Kwaliti'' .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.poxipresha.com/Home.html |title=Poxi Presha website through archive.org |accessdate=2004-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041204052832/http://www.poxipresha.com/Home.html |archivedate=2004-12-04 }}</ref> Alikuwa pia ni MC wa kundi la [[Nairobi City Ensemble]], ambalo ndilo lilitoa albamu ya "Kaboum Boum", ilokuwa na mrudio wa wimbo wa "Lunchtime", awali wimbo huo maarufu ulikuwa umeimbwa na mwimbaji wa [[benga]] [[Gabriel Omolo]]. Alijulikana kama "kijana mbaya wa muziki wa Kenya " kutokana na idadi ya matukio, kama vile kukosana na watayarishaji wake [[Bruce Odhiambo]] na [[Tedd Yosia]]. Alitoa [[wikt:diss song|wimbo wa mchongoanao]] "Wape Really?" ukilenga watayarishaji na mapromota. Katika miaka yake ya baadaye, Poxi Presha alifanya kazi kama mwanaharakati wa kupinga kunakili kazi ya wasanii bila idhini yao. Poxi Presha alizaliwa mjini [[Mombasa]] lakini makao yake yalikuwa mjini [[Nairobi]] wakati wa uimbaji yake. Alifariki katika Hospitali ya St Mary's katika [[Langata]], Nairobi tarehe 14 Oktoba 2005 kutokana na [[kifua kikuu]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 34 . == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041204052832/http://www.poxipresha.com/Home.html Tovuti ya Poxi Presha kupitia archive.org] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030623145031/http://www.nairobicityensemble.com/ Tovuti ya Nairobi City Ensemble kupitia archive.org] {{DEFAULTSORT:Presha, Poxi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] nvnvt5gjshv998vxt8xqnqr6o3pjtyt 14 38372 1585330 1030952 2026-08-07T06:46:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Players of FC Inter Milan}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira kilabu kwa kilabu|I]] [[Jamii:FC Internazionale Milano|Wachezaji]] rxueopzd3o7se0v5kr8sl640vojqo62 10 41357 1585180 923118 2026-08-06T22:21:45Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox3cols | bodyclass = vcard | 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{{#if:{{{nationalgoals4|}}}|({{{nationalgoals4}}})}} | label68 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears5|–}}}</span>}} | data68a = {{{nationalteam5|}}} | data68b = {{{nationalcaps5|{{{nationalcaps(goals)5}}} }}} | data68c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals5|}}}|({{{nationalgoals5}}})}} | label69 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears6|–}}}</span>}} | data69a = {{{nationalteam6|}}} | data69b = {{{nationalcaps6|{{{nationalcaps(goals)6}}} }}} | data69c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals6|}}}|({{{nationalgoals6}}})}} | label70 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears7|–}}}</span>}} | data70a = {{{nationalteam7|}}} | data70b = {{{nationalcaps7|{{{nationalcaps(goals)7}}} }}} | data70c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals7|}}}|({{{nationalgoals7}}})}} | label71 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears8|–}}}</span>}} | data71a = {{{nationalteam8|}}} | data71b = {{{nationalcaps8|{{{nationalcaps(goals)8}}} }}} | data71c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals8|}}}|({{{nationalgoals8}}})}} | header72 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|Teams managed}} | label73 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|Years}} }} | data73a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{manageryears1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | label74 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears1|–}}}</span>}} | data74 = {{{managerclubs1|}}} | label75 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears2|–}}}</span>}} | data75 = {{{managerclubs2|}}} | label76 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears3|–}}}</span>}} | data76 = {{{managerclubs3|}}} | label77 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears4|–}}}</span>}} | data77 = {{{managerclubs4|}}} | label78 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears5|–}}}</span>}} | data78 = {{{managerclubs5|}}} | label79 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears6|–}}}</span>}} | data79 = {{{managerclubs6|}}} | label80 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears7|–}}}</span>}} | data80 = {{{managerclubs7|}}} | label81 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears8|–}}}</span>}} | data81 = {{{managerclubs8|}}} | label82 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs9|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears9|–}}}</span>}} | data82 = {{{managerclubs9|}}} | label83 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs10|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears10|–}}}</span>}} | data83 = {{{managerclubs10|}}} | label84 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs11|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears11|–}}}</span>}} | data84 = {{{managerclubs11|}}} | label85 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs12|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears12|–}}}</span>}} | data85 = {{{managerclubs12|}}} | label86 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs13|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears13|–}}}</span>}} | data86 = {{{managerclubs13|}}} | label87 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs14|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears14|–}}}</span>}} | data87 = {{{managerclubs14|}}} | label88 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs15|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears15|–}}}</span>}} | data88 = {{{managerclubs15|}}} | label89 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs16|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears16|–}}}</span>}} | data89 = {{{managerclubs16|}}} | label90 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs17|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears17|–}}}</span>}} | data90 = {{{managerclubs17|}}} | label91 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs18|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears18|–}}}</span>}} | data91 = {{{managerclubs18|}}} | label92 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs19|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears19|–}}}</span>}} | data92 = {{{managerclubs19|}}} | label93 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs20|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears20|–}}}</span>}} | data93 = {{{managerclubs20|}}} | label94 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs21|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears21|–}}}</span>}} | data94 = {{{managerclubs21|}}} | label95 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs22|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears22|–}}}</span>}} | data95 = {{{managerclubs22|}}} | label96 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs23|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears23|–}}}</span>}} | data96 = {{{managerclubs23|}}} | label97 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs24|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears24|–}}}</span>}} | data97 = {{{managerclubs24|}}} | label98 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs25|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears25|–}}}</span>}} | data98 = {{{managerclubs25|}}} | label99 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs26|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears26|–}}}</span>}} | data99 = {{{managerclubs26|}}} | label100 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs27|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears27|–}}}</span>}} | data100 = {{{managerclubs27|}}} | label101 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs28|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears28|–}}}</span>}} | data101 = {{{managerclubs28|}}} | label102 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs29|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears29|–}}}</span>}} | data102 = {{{managerclubs29|}}} | label103 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs30|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears30|–}}}</span>}} | data103 = {{{managerclubs30|}}} | header104 = {{#if:{{{medaltemplates|}}}|{{Collapsible list | title = Honours | titlestyle = text-align: center; background-color: #b0c4de | liststyle = font-weight: lighter; width: 100% | {{Infobox football biography 2/medal}} {{{medaltemplates}}} {{!}}} }} }} | belowstyle = color:darkslategray; font-size:82% | below = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only{{#if:{{{pcupdate|{{{club-update|}}}}}}|&#32;and correct as of {{{pcupdate|{{{club-update}}}}}}}}.{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{years1|}}}{{{clubs1|}}}{{{nationalteam1|}}}|† Appearances (Goals).{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}|‡ National team caps and goals correct as of {{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update}}}}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9b12mx1per68vfhbqv25odfwi6z03mc 1585182 1585180 2026-08-06T22:35:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox3cols | bodyclass = vcard | titleclass = fn | title = {{{jina|<includeonly>{{{jinalamchezaji|{{PAGENAME}} }}}</includeonly>}}} | image = {{{picha|}}} | caption = {{{maelezo|}}} | bodystyle = line-height: 1.2em | titlestyle = line-height: 1.5em | labelstyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left | datastyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | multidatastyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | datastylea = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | datastyleb = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;{{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}||text-align: right}} | datastylec = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right | headerstyle = background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em | header1 = {{#if:{{{jinakamili|}}}{{{tareheyakuzaliwa|}}}{{{mjialiozaliwa|}}}{{{nchialiozaliwa|}}}{{{tareheyakufa|}}}{{{mjialiofia|}}}{{{nchialiofia|}}}{{{urefu|}}}{{{nafasi|}}}|Taarifa binafsi}} | label2 = Jina kamili | data2 = {{{jinakamili|}}} | class2 = jina la utani | label3 = Tarehe ya kuzaliwa | data3 = {{{tareheyakuzaliwa|}}} | label4 = Mahali pa kuzaliwa | data4 = {{#if:{{{mjialiozaliwa|}}}|{{{mjialiozaliwa}}},}} {{{nchialiozaliwa|}}} | label5 = tarehe ya kufa | data5 = {{{tareheyakufa|}}} | label6 = mahali alipofia | data6 = {{#if:{{{mjialiofia|}}}|{{{mjialiofia}}},}} {{{nchialiofia|}}} | label7 = Kimo | data7 = {{{kimo|}}} | label8 = Nafasi anayocheza | class8 = cheo | data8 = {{{nafasianayocheza|}}} | header9 = {{#if:{{{klabuyasasa|}}}|Taarifa za klabu}} | label10 = Klabu ya sasa | class10 = org | data10 = {{{klabuyasasa|}}} | label11 = Namba | data11 = {{{namba|}}} | header12 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|Youth career}} | label13 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{youthyears1|}}}|Years}} }} | data13 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | label14 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears1|–}}}</span>}} | data14 = {{{youthclubs1|}}} | label15 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears2|–}}}</span>}} | data15 = {{{youthclubs2|}}} | label16 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears3|–}}}</span>}} | data16 = {{{youthclubs3|}}} | label17 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears4|–}}}</span>}} | data17 = {{{youthclubs4|}}} | label18 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears5|–}}}</span>}} | data18 = {{{youthclubs5|}}} | header19 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|Kazi katika klabu }} | label21 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|Miaka}} | data21a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|'''Timu'''}} | data21b = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|{{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}|'''Apps (Gls)^†'''|'''Apps^†'''}} }} | data21c = {{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}||'''(Gls)^†'''}} | label22 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years1|–}}}</span>}} | data22a = {{{clubs1|}}} | data22b = {{{caps1|{{{caps(goals)1|}}} }}} | data22c = {{#if:{{{goals1|}}}|({{{goals1}}})}} | label23 = {{#if:{{{clubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years2|–}}}</span>}} | data23a = {{{clubs2|}}} | data23b = {{{caps2|{{{caps(goals)2|}}} }}} | data23c = {{#if:{{{goals2|}}}|({{{goals2}}})}} | label24 = {{#if:{{{clubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years3|–}}}</span>}} | data24a = {{{clubs3|}}} | data24b = {{{caps3|{{{caps(goals)3|}}} }}} | data24c = {{#if:{{{goals3|}}}|({{{goals3}}})}} | label25 = {{#if:{{{clubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years4|–}}}</span>}} | data25a = {{{clubs4|}}} | data25b = {{{caps4|{{{caps(goals)4|}}} }}} | data25c = {{#if:{{{goals4|}}}|({{{goals4}}})}} | label26 = {{#if:{{{clubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years5|–}}}</span>}} | data26a = {{{clubs5|}}} | data26b = {{{caps5|{{{caps(goals)5|}}} }}} | data26c = {{#if:{{{goals5|}}}|({{{goals5}}})}} | label27 = {{#if:{{{clubs6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years6|–}}}</span>}} | data27a = {{{clubs6|}}} | data27b = {{{caps6|{{{caps(goals)6|}}} }}} | data27c = {{#if:{{{goals6|}}}|({{{goals6}}})}} | label28 = {{#if:{{{clubs7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years7|–}}}</span>}} | data28a = {{{clubs7|}}} | data28b = {{{caps7|{{{caps(goals)7|}}} }}} | data28c = {{#if:{{{goals7|}}}|({{{goals7}}})}} | label29 = {{#if:{{{clubs8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years8|–}}}</span>}} | data29a = {{{clubs8|}}} | data29b = {{{caps8|{{{caps(goals)8|}}} }}} | data29c = {{#if:{{{goals8|}}}|({{{goals8}}})}} | label30 = {{#if:{{{clubs9|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years9|–}}}</span>}} | data30a = {{{clubs9|}}} | data30b = {{{caps9|{{{caps(goals)9|}}} }}} | data30c = {{#if:{{{goals9|}}}|({{{goals9}}})}} | label31 = {{#if:{{{clubs10|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years10|–}}}</span>}} | data31a = {{{clubs10|}}} | data31b = {{{caps10|{{{caps(goals)10|}}} }}} | data31c = {{#if:{{{goals10|}}}|({{{goals10}}})}} | label32 = {{#if:{{{clubs11|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years11|–}}}</span>}} | data32a = {{{clubs11|}}} | data32b = {{{caps11|{{{caps(goals)11|}}} }}} | data32c = {{#if:{{{goals11|}}}|({{{goals11}}})}} | label33 = {{#if:{{{clubs12|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years12|–}}}</span>}} | data33a = {{{clubs12|}}} | data33b = {{{caps12|{{{caps(goals)12|}}} }}} | data33c = {{#if:{{{goals12|}}}|({{{goals12}}})}} | label34 = {{#if:{{{clubs13|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years13|–}}}</span>}} | data34a = {{{clubs13|}}} | data34b = {{{caps13|{{{caps(goals)13|}}} }}} | data34c = {{#if:{{{goals13|}}}|({{{goals13}}})}} | label35 = {{#if:{{{clubs14|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years14|–}}}</span>}} | data35a = {{{clubs14|}}} | data35b = {{{caps14|{{{caps(goals)14|}}} }}} | data35c = {{#if:{{{goals14|}}}|({{{goals14}}})}} | label36 = {{#if:{{{clubs15|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years15|–}}}</span>}} | data36a = {{{clubs15|}}} | data36b = {{{caps15|{{{caps(goals)15|}}} }}} | data36c = {{#if:{{{goals15|}}}|({{{goals15}}})}} | label37 = {{#if:{{{clubs16|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years16|–}}}</span>}} | data37a = {{{clubs16|}}} | data37b = {{{caps16|{{{caps(goals)16|}}} }}} | data37c = {{#if:{{{goals16|}}}|({{{goals16}}})}} | label38 = {{#if:{{{clubs17|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years17|–}}}</span>}} | data38a = {{{clubs17|}}} | data38b = {{{caps17|{{{caps(goals)17|}}} }}} | data38c = {{#if:{{{goals17|}}}|({{{goals17}}})}} | label39 = {{#if:{{{clubs18|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years18|–}}}</span>}} | data39a = {{{clubs18|}}} | data39b = {{{caps18|{{{caps(goals)18|}}} }}} | data39c = {{#if:{{{goals18|}}}|({{{goals18}}})}} | label40 = {{#if:{{{clubs19|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years19|–}}}</span>}} | data40a = {{{clubs19|}}} | data40b = {{{caps19|{{{caps(goals)19|}}} }}} | data40c = {{#if:{{{goals19|}}}|({{{goals19}}})}} | label41 = {{#if:{{{clubs20|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years20|–}}}</span>}} | data41a = {{{clubs20|}}} | data41b = {{{caps20|{{{caps(goals)20|}}} }}} | data41c = {{#if:{{{goals20|}}}|({{{goals20}}})}} | label42 = {{#if:{{{clubs21|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years21|–}}}</span>}} | data42a = {{{clubs21|}}} | data42b = {{{caps21|{{{caps(goals)21|}}} }}} | data42c = {{#if:{{{goals21|}}}|({{{goals21}}})}} | label43 = {{#if:{{{clubs22|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years22|–}}}</span>}} | data43a = {{{clubs22|}}} | data43b = {{{caps22|{{{caps(goals)22|}}} }}} | data43c = {{#if:{{{goals22|}}}|({{{goals22}}})}} | label44 = {{#if:{{{clubs23|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years23|–}}}</span>}} | data44a = {{{clubs23|}}} | data44b = {{{caps23|{{{caps(goals)23|}}} }}} | data44c = {{#if:{{{goals23|}}}|({{{goals23}}})}} | label45 = {{#if:{{{clubs24|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years24|–}}}</span>}} | data45a = {{{clubs24|}}} | data45b = {{{caps24|{{{caps(goals)24|}}} }}} | data45c = {{#if:{{{goals24|}}}|({{{goals24}}})}} | label46 = {{#if:{{{clubs25|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years25|–}}}</span>}} | data46a = {{{clubs25|}}} | data46b = {{{caps25|{{{caps(goals)25|}}} }}} | data46c = {{#if:{{{goals25|}}}|({{{goals25}}})}} | label47 = {{#if:{{{clubs26|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years26|–}}}</span>}} | data47a = {{{clubs26|}}} | data47b = {{{caps26|{{{caps(goals)26|}}} }}} | data47c = {{#if:{{{goals26|}}}|({{{goals26}}})}} | label48 = {{#if:{{{clubs27|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years27|–}}}</span>}} | data48a = {{{clubs27|}}} | data48b = {{{caps27|{{{caps(goals)27|}}} }}} | data48c = {{#if:{{{goals27|}}}|({{{goals27}}})}} | label49 = {{#if:{{{clubs28|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years28|–}}}</span>}} | data49a = {{{clubs28|}}} | data49b = {{{caps28|{{{caps(goals)28|}}} }}} | data49c = {{#if:{{{goals28|}}}|({{{goals28}}})}} | label50 = {{#if:{{{clubs29|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years29|–}}}</span>}} | data50a = {{{clubs29|}}} | data50b = {{{caps29|{{{caps(goals)29|}}} }}} | data50c = {{#if:{{{goals29|}}}|({{{goals29}}})}} | label51 = {{#if:{{{clubs30|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years30|–}}}</span>}} | data51a = {{{clubs30|}}} | data51b = {{{caps30|{{{caps(goals)30|}}} }}} | data51c = {{#if:{{{goals30|}}}|({{{goals30}}})}} | label52 = {{#if:{{{clubs31|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years31|–}}}</span>}} | data52a = {{{clubs31|}}} | data52b = {{{caps31|{{{caps(goals)31|}}} }}} | data52c = {{#if:{{{goals31|}}}|({{{goals31}}})}} | label53 = {{#if:{{{clubs32|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years32|–}}}</span>}} | data53a = {{{clubs32|}}} | data53b = {{{caps32|{{{caps(goals)32|}}} }}} | data53c = {{#if:{{{goals32|}}}|({{{goals32}}})}} | label54 = {{#if:{{{clubs33|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years33|–}}}</span>}} | data54a = {{{clubs33|}}} | data54b = {{{caps33|{{{caps(goals)33|}}} }}} | data54c = {{#if:{{{goals33|}}}|({{{goals33}}})}} | label55 = {{#if:{{{clubs34|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years34|–}}}</span>}} | data55a = {{{clubs34|}}} | data55b = {{{caps34|{{{caps(goals)34|}}} }}} | data55c = {{#if:{{{goals34|}}}|({{{goals34}}})}} | label56 = {{#if:{{{clubs35|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years35|–}}}</span>}} | data56a = {{{clubs35|}}} | data56b = {{{caps35|{{{caps(goals)35|}}} }}} | data56c = {{#if:{{{goals35|}}}|({{{goals35}}})}} | label57 = {{#if:{{{clubs36|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years36|–}}}</span>}} | data57a = {{{clubs36|}}} | data57b = {{{caps36|{{{caps(goals)36|}}} }}} | data57c = {{#if:{{{goals36|}}}|({{{goals36}}})}} | label58 = {{#if:{{{clubs37|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years37|–}}}</span>}} | data58a = {{{clubs37|}}} | data58b = {{{caps37|{{{caps(goals)37|}}} }}} | data58c = {{#if:{{{goals37|}}}|({{{goals37}}})}} | label59 = {{#if:{{{clubs38|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years38|–}}}</span>}} | data59a = {{{clubs38|}}} | data59b = {{{caps138{{{caps(goals)38|}}} }}} | data59c = {{#if:{{{goals38|}}}|({{{goals3}}})}} | label60 = {{#if:{{{clubs39|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years39|–}}}</span>}} | data60a = {{{clubs39|}}} | data60b = {{{caps39|{{{caps(goals)39|}}} }}} | data60c = {{#if:{{{goals39|}}}|({{{goals39}}})}} | label61 = {{#if:{{{totalcaps|}}}{{{totalcaps(goals)|}}}|Total}} | data61b = {{#if:{{{totalcaps|}}}{{{totalcaps(goals)|}}}|'''{{{totalcaps|{{{totalcaps(goals)}}} }}}'''}} | data61c = {{#if:{{{totalgoals|}}}|'''({{{totalgoals}}})'''}} | header62 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam1|}}}|Timu ya Taifa {{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}|^‡ }} }} | label63 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalyears1|}}}|Years}} }} | data63a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalteam1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | data63b = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}|'''Apps (Gls)^†'''|'''Apps^†'''}} }} | data63c = {{#if:{{{goals1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}||'''(Gls)^†'''}} }} | label64 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears1|–}}}</span>}} | data64a = {{{nationalteam1|}}} | data64b = {{{nationalcaps1|{{{nationalcaps(goals)1}}} }}} | data64c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals1|}}}|({{{nationalgoals1}}})}} | label65 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears2|–}}}</span>}} | data65a = {{{nationalteam2|}}} | data65b = {{{nationalcaps2|{{{nationalcaps(goals)2}}} }}} | data65c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals2|}}}|({{{nationalgoals2}}})}} | label66 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears3|–}}}</span>}} | data66a = {{{nationalteam3|}}} | data66b = {{{nationalcaps3|{{{nationalcaps(goals)3}}} }}} | data66c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals3|}}}|({{{nationalgoals3}}})}} | label67 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears4|–}}}</span>}} | data67a = {{{nationalteam4|}}} | data67b = {{{nationalcaps4|{{{nationalcaps(goals)4}}} }}} | data67c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals4|}}}|({{{nationalgoals4}}})}} | label68 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears5|–}}}</span>}} | data68a = {{{nationalteam5|}}} | data68b = {{{nationalcaps5|{{{nationalcaps(goals)5}}} }}} | data68c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals5|}}}|({{{nationalgoals5}}})}} | label69 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears6|–}}}</span>}} | data69a = {{{nationalteam6|}}} | data69b = {{{nationalcaps6|{{{nationalcaps(goals)6}}} }}} | data69c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals6|}}}|({{{nationalgoals6}}})}} | label70 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears7|–}}}</span>}} | data70a = {{{nationalteam7|}}} | data70b = {{{nationalcaps7|{{{nationalcaps(goals)7}}} }}} | data70c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals7|}}}|({{{nationalgoals7}}})}} | label71 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears8|–}}}</span>}} | data71a = {{{nationalteam8|}}} | data71b = {{{nationalcaps8|{{{nationalcaps(goals)8}}} }}} | data71c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals8|}}}|({{{nationalgoals8}}})}} | header72 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|Teams managed}} | label73 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|Years}} }} | data73a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{manageryears1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | label74 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears1|–}}}</span>}} | data74 = {{{managerclubs1|}}} | label75 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears2|–}}}</span>}} | data75 = {{{managerclubs2|}}} | label76 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears3|–}}}</span>}} | data76 = {{{managerclubs3|}}} | label77 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears4|–}}}</span>}} | data77 = {{{managerclubs4|}}} | label78 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears5|–}}}</span>}} | data78 = {{{managerclubs5|}}} | label79 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears6|–}}}</span>}} | data79 = {{{managerclubs6|}}} | label80 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears7|–}}}</span>}} | data80 = {{{managerclubs7|}}} | label81 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears8|–}}}</span>}} | data81 = {{{managerclubs8|}}} | label82 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs9|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears9|–}}}</span>}} | data82 = {{{managerclubs9|}}} | label83 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs10|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears10|–}}}</span>}} | data83 = {{{managerclubs10|}}} | label84 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs11|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears11|–}}}</span>}} | data84 = {{{managerclubs11|}}} | label85 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs12|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears12|–}}}</span>}} | data85 = {{{managerclubs12|}}} | label86 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs13|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears13|–}}}</span>}} | data86 = {{{managerclubs13|}}} | label87 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs14|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears14|–}}}</span>}} | data87 = {{{managerclubs14|}}} | label88 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs15|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears15|–}}}</span>}} | data88 = {{{managerclubs15|}}} | label89 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs16|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears16|–}}}</span>}} | data89 = {{{managerclubs16|}}} | label90 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs17|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears17|–}}}</span>}} | data90 = {{{managerclubs17|}}} | label91 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs18|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears18|–}}}</span>}} | data91 = {{{managerclubs18|}}} | label92 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs19|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears19|–}}}</span>}} | data92 = {{{managerclubs19|}}} | label93 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs20|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears20|–}}}</span>}} | data93 = {{{managerclubs20|}}} | label94 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs21|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears21|–}}}</span>}} | data94 = {{{managerclubs21|}}} | label95 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs22|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears22|–}}}</span>}} | data95 = {{{managerclubs22|}}} | label96 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs23|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears23|–}}}</span>}} | data96 = {{{managerclubs23|}}} | label97 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs24|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears24|–}}}</span>}} | data97 = {{{managerclubs24|}}} | label98 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs25|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears25|–}}}</span>}} | data98 = {{{managerclubs25|}}} | label99 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs26|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears26|–}}}</span>}} | data99 = {{{managerclubs26|}}} | label100 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs27|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears27|–}}}</span>}} | data100 = {{{managerclubs27|}}} | label101 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs28|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears28|–}}}</span>}} | data101 = {{{managerclubs28|}}} | label102 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs29|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears29|–}}}</span>}} | data102 = {{{managerclubs29|}}} | label103 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs30|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears30|–}}}</span>}} | data103 = {{{managerclubs30|}}} | header104 = {{#if:{{{medaltemplates|}}}|{{Collapsible list | title = Honours | titlestyle = text-align: center; background-color: #b0c4de | liststyle = font-weight: lighter; width: 100% | {{Infobox football biography 2/medal}} {{{medaltemplates}}} {{!}}} }} }} | belowstyle = color:darkslategray; font-size:82% | below = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only{{#if:{{{pcupdate|{{{club-update|}}}}}}|&#32;and correct as of {{{pcupdate|{{{club-update}}}}}}}}.{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{years1|}}}{{{clubs1|}}}{{{nationalteam1|}}}|† Appearances (Goals).{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}|‡ National team caps and goals correct as of {{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update}}}}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> p4ioqk1k5bhmg5lwzhg25xkgxn2r0e7 1585183 1585182 2026-08-06T22:41:16Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox3cols | bodyclass = vcard | titleclass = fn | title = {{{jina|<includeonly>{{{jinalamchezaji|{{PAGENAME}} }}}</includeonly>}}} | image = {{{picha|}}} | caption = {{{maelezo|}}} | bodystyle = line-height: 1.2em | titlestyle = line-height: 1.5em | labelstyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left | datastyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | multidatastyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | datastylea = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | datastyleb = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;{{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}||text-align: right}} | datastylec = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right | headerstyle = background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em | header1 = {{#if:{{{jinakamili|}}}{{{tareheyakuzaliwa|}}}{{{mjialiozaliwa|}}}{{{nchialiozaliwa|}}}{{{tareheyakufa|}}}{{{mjialiofia|}}}{{{nchialiofia|}}}{{{urefu|}}}{{{nafasi|}}}|Taarifa binafsi}} | label2 = Jina kamili | data2 = {{{jinakamili|}}} | class2 = jina la utani | label3 = Tarehe ya kuzaliwa | data3 = {{{tareheyakuzaliwa|}}} | label4 = Mahali pa kuzaliwa | data4 = {{#if:{{{mjialiozaliwa|}}}|{{{mjialiozaliwa}}},}} {{{nchialiozaliwa|}}} | label5 = tarehe ya kufa | data5 = {{{tareheyakufa|}}} | label6 = mahali alipofia | data6 = {{#if:{{{mjialiofia|}}}|{{{mjialiofia}}},}} {{{nchialiofia|}}} | label7 = Kimo | data7 = {{{kimo|}}} | label8 = Nafasi anayocheza | class8 = cheo | data8 = {{{nafasianayocheza|}}} | header9 = {{#if:{{{klabuyasasa|}}}|Taarifa za klabu}} | label10 = Klabu ya sasa | class10 = org | data10 = {{{klabuyasasa|}}} | label11 = Namba | data11 = {{{namba|}}} | header12 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|Youth career}} | label13 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{youthyears1|}}}|Years}} }} | data13 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | label14 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears1|–}}}</span>}} | data14 = {{{youthclubs1|}}} | label15 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears2|–}}}</span>}} | data15 = {{{youthclubs2|}}} | label16 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears3|–}}}</span>}} | data16 = {{{youthclubs3|}}} | label17 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears4|–}}}</span>}} | data17 = {{{youthclubs4|}}} | label18 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears5|–}}}</span>}} | data18 = {{{youthclubs5|}}} | header19 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|Kazi katika klabu }} | label21 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|Miaka}} | data21a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|'''Timu'''}} | data21b = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|{{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}|'''Mechi (Gls)^†'''|'''Mechi^†'''}} }} | data21c = {{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}||'''(Gls)^†'''}} | label22 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years1|–}}}</span>}} | data22a = {{{clubs1|}}} | data22b = {{{caps1|{{{caps(goals)1|}}} }}} | data22c = {{#if:{{{goals1|}}}|({{{goals1}}})}} | label23 = {{#if:{{{clubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years2|–}}}</span>}} | data23a = {{{clubs2|}}} | data23b = {{{caps2|{{{caps(goals)2|}}} }}} | data23c = {{#if:{{{goals2|}}}|({{{goals2}}})}} | label24 = {{#if:{{{clubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years3|–}}}</span>}} | data24a = {{{clubs3|}}} | data24b = {{{caps3|{{{caps(goals)3|}}} }}} | data24c = {{#if:{{{goals3|}}}|({{{goals3}}})}} | label25 = {{#if:{{{clubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years4|–}}}</span>}} | data25a = {{{clubs4|}}} | data25b = {{{caps4|{{{caps(goals)4|}}} }}} | data25c = {{#if:{{{goals4|}}}|({{{goals4}}})}} | label26 = {{#if:{{{clubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years5|–}}}</span>}} | data26a = {{{clubs5|}}} | data26b = {{{caps5|{{{caps(goals)5|}}} }}} | data26c = {{#if:{{{goals5|}}}|({{{goals5}}})}} | label27 = {{#if:{{{clubs6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years6|–}}}</span>}} | data27a = {{{clubs6|}}} | data27b = {{{caps6|{{{caps(goals)6|}}} }}} | data27c = {{#if:{{{goals6|}}}|({{{goals6}}})}} | label28 = {{#if:{{{clubs7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years7|–}}}</span>}} | data28a = {{{clubs7|}}} | data28b = {{{caps7|{{{caps(goals)7|}}} }}} | data28c = {{#if:{{{goals7|}}}|({{{goals7}}})}} | label29 = {{#if:{{{clubs8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years8|–}}}</span>}} | data29a = {{{clubs8|}}} | data29b = {{{caps8|{{{caps(goals)8|}}} }}} | data29c = {{#if:{{{goals8|}}}|({{{goals8}}})}} | label30 = {{#if:{{{clubs9|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years9|–}}}</span>}} | data30a = {{{clubs9|}}} | data30b = {{{caps9|{{{caps(goals)9|}}} }}} | data30c = {{#if:{{{goals9|}}}|({{{goals9}}})}} | label31 = {{#if:{{{clubs10|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years10|–}}}</span>}} | data31a = {{{clubs10|}}} | data31b = {{{caps10|{{{caps(goals)10|}}} }}} | data31c = {{#if:{{{goals10|}}}|({{{goals10}}})}} | label32 = {{#if:{{{clubs11|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years11|–}}}</span>}} | data32a = {{{clubs11|}}} | data32b = {{{caps11|{{{caps(goals)11|}}} }}} | data32c = {{#if:{{{goals11|}}}|({{{goals11}}})}} | label33 = {{#if:{{{clubs12|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years12|–}}}</span>}} | data33a = {{{clubs12|}}} | data33b = {{{caps12|{{{caps(goals)12|}}} }}} | data33c = {{#if:{{{goals12|}}}|({{{goals12}}})}} | label34 = {{#if:{{{clubs13|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years13|–}}}</span>}} | data34a = {{{clubs13|}}} | data34b = {{{caps13|{{{caps(goals)13|}}} }}} | data34c = {{#if:{{{goals13|}}}|({{{goals13}}})}} | label35 = {{#if:{{{clubs14|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years14|–}}}</span>}} | data35a = {{{clubs14|}}} | data35b = {{{caps14|{{{caps(goals)14|}}} }}} | data35c = {{#if:{{{goals14|}}}|({{{goals14}}})}} | label36 = {{#if:{{{clubs15|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years15|–}}}</span>}} | data36a = {{{clubs15|}}} | data36b = {{{caps15|{{{caps(goals)15|}}} }}} | data36c = {{#if:{{{goals15|}}}|({{{goals15}}})}} | label37 = {{#if:{{{clubs16|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years16|–}}}</span>}} | data37a = {{{clubs16|}}} | data37b = {{{caps16|{{{caps(goals)16|}}} }}} | data37c = {{#if:{{{goals16|}}}|({{{goals16}}})}} | label38 = {{#if:{{{clubs17|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years17|–}}}</span>}} | data38a = {{{clubs17|}}} | data38b = {{{caps17|{{{caps(goals)17|}}} }}} | data38c = {{#if:{{{goals17|}}}|({{{goals17}}})}} | label39 = {{#if:{{{clubs18|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years18|–}}}</span>}} | data39a = {{{clubs18|}}} | data39b = {{{caps18|{{{caps(goals)18|}}} }}} | data39c = {{#if:{{{goals18|}}}|({{{goals18}}})}} | label40 = {{#if:{{{clubs19|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years19|–}}}</span>}} | data40a = {{{clubs19|}}} | data40b = {{{caps19|{{{caps(goals)19|}}} }}} | data40c = {{#if:{{{goals19|}}}|({{{goals19}}})}} | label41 = {{#if:{{{clubs20|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years20|–}}}</span>}} | data41a = {{{clubs20|}}} | data41b = {{{caps20|{{{caps(goals)20|}}} }}} | data41c = {{#if:{{{goals20|}}}|({{{goals20}}})}} | label42 = {{#if:{{{clubs21|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years21|–}}}</span>}} | data42a = {{{clubs21|}}} | data42b = {{{caps21|{{{caps(goals)21|}}} }}} | data42c = {{#if:{{{goals21|}}}|({{{goals21}}})}} | label43 = {{#if:{{{clubs22|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years22|–}}}</span>}} | data43a = {{{clubs22|}}} | data43b = {{{caps22|{{{caps(goals)22|}}} }}} | data43c = {{#if:{{{goals22|}}}|({{{goals22}}})}} | label44 = {{#if:{{{clubs23|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years23|–}}}</span>}} | data44a = {{{clubs23|}}} | data44b = {{{caps23|{{{caps(goals)23|}}} }}} | data44c = {{#if:{{{goals23|}}}|({{{goals23}}})}} | label45 = {{#if:{{{clubs24|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years24|–}}}</span>}} | data45a = {{{clubs24|}}} | data45b = {{{caps24|{{{caps(goals)24|}}} }}} | data45c = {{#if:{{{goals24|}}}|({{{goals24}}})}} | label46 = {{#if:{{{clubs25|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years25|–}}}</span>}} | data46a = {{{clubs25|}}} | data46b = {{{caps25|{{{caps(goals)25|}}} }}} | data46c = {{#if:{{{goals25|}}}|({{{goals25}}})}} | label47 = {{#if:{{{clubs26|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years26|–}}}</span>}} | data47a = {{{clubs26|}}} | data47b = {{{caps26|{{{caps(goals)26|}}} }}} | data47c = {{#if:{{{goals26|}}}|({{{goals26}}})}} | label48 = {{#if:{{{clubs27|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years27|–}}}</span>}} | data48a = {{{clubs27|}}} | data48b = {{{caps27|{{{caps(goals)27|}}} }}} | data48c = {{#if:{{{goals27|}}}|({{{goals27}}})}} | label49 = {{#if:{{{clubs28|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years28|–}}}</span>}} | data49a = {{{clubs28|}}} | data49b = {{{caps28|{{{caps(goals)28|}}} }}} | data49c = {{#if:{{{goals28|}}}|({{{goals28}}})}} | label50 = {{#if:{{{clubs29|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years29|–}}}</span>}} | data50a = {{{clubs29|}}} | data50b = {{{caps29|{{{caps(goals)29|}}} }}} | data50c = {{#if:{{{goals29|}}}|({{{goals29}}})}} | label51 = {{#if:{{{clubs30|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years30|–}}}</span>}} | data51a = {{{clubs30|}}} | data51b = {{{caps30|{{{caps(goals)30|}}} }}} | data51c = {{#if:{{{goals30|}}}|({{{goals30}}})}} | label52 = {{#if:{{{clubs31|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years31|–}}}</span>}} | data52a = {{{clubs31|}}} | data52b = {{{caps31|{{{caps(goals)31|}}} }}} | data52c = {{#if:{{{goals31|}}}|({{{goals31}}})}} | label53 = {{#if:{{{clubs32|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years32|–}}}</span>}} | data53a = {{{clubs32|}}} | data53b = {{{caps32|{{{caps(goals)32|}}} }}} | data53c = {{#if:{{{goals32|}}}|({{{goals32}}})}} | label54 = {{#if:{{{clubs33|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years33|–}}}</span>}} | data54a = {{{clubs33|}}} | data54b = {{{caps33|{{{caps(goals)33|}}} }}} | data54c = {{#if:{{{goals33|}}}|({{{goals33}}})}} | label55 = {{#if:{{{clubs34|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years34|–}}}</span>}} | data55a = {{{clubs34|}}} | data55b = {{{caps34|{{{caps(goals)34|}}} }}} | data55c = {{#if:{{{goals34|}}}|({{{goals34}}})}} | label56 = {{#if:{{{clubs35|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years35|–}}}</span>}} | data56a = {{{clubs35|}}} | data56b = {{{caps35|{{{caps(goals)35|}}} }}} | data56c = {{#if:{{{goals35|}}}|({{{goals35}}})}} | label57 = {{#if:{{{clubs36|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years36|–}}}</span>}} | data57a = {{{clubs36|}}} | data57b = {{{caps36|{{{caps(goals)36|}}} }}} | data57c = {{#if:{{{goals36|}}}|({{{goals36}}})}} | label58 = {{#if:{{{clubs37|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years37|–}}}</span>}} | data58a = {{{clubs37|}}} | data58b = {{{caps37|{{{caps(goals)37|}}} }}} | data58c = {{#if:{{{goals37|}}}|({{{goals37}}})}} | label59 = {{#if:{{{clubs38|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years38|–}}}</span>}} | data59a = {{{clubs38|}}} | data59b = {{{caps138{{{caps(goals)38|}}} }}} | data59c = {{#if:{{{goals38|}}}|({{{goals3}}})}} | label60 = {{#if:{{{clubs39|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years39|–}}}</span>}} | data60a = {{{clubs39|}}} | data60b = {{{caps39|{{{caps(goals)39|}}} }}} | data60c = {{#if:{{{goals39|}}}|({{{goals39}}})}} | label61 = {{#if:{{{totalcaps|}}}{{{totalcaps(goals)|}}}|Total}} | data61b = {{#if:{{{totalcaps|}}}{{{totalcaps(goals)|}}}|'''{{{totalcaps|{{{totalcaps(goals)}}} }}}'''}} | data61c = {{#if:{{{totalgoals|}}}|'''({{{totalgoals}}})'''}} | header62 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam1|}}}|Timu ya Taifa {{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}|^‡ }} }} | label63 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalyears1|}}}|Years}} }} | data63a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalteam1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | data63b = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}|'''Apps (Gls)^†'''|'''Apps^†'''}} }} | data63c = {{#if:{{{goals1|}}}||{{#if:{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}||'''(Gls)^†'''}} }} | label64 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears1|–}}}</span>}} | data64a = {{{nationalteam1|}}} | data64b = {{{nationalcaps1|{{{nationalcaps(goals)1}}} }}} | data64c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals1|}}}|({{{nationalgoals1}}})}} | label65 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears2|–}}}</span>}} | data65a = {{{nationalteam2|}}} | data65b = {{{nationalcaps2|{{{nationalcaps(goals)2}}} }}} | data65c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals2|}}}|({{{nationalgoals2}}})}} | label66 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears3|–}}}</span>}} | data66a = {{{nationalteam3|}}} | data66b = {{{nationalcaps3|{{{nationalcaps(goals)3}}} }}} | data66c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals3|}}}|({{{nationalgoals3}}})}} | label67 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears4|–}}}</span>}} | data67a = {{{nationalteam4|}}} | data67b = {{{nationalcaps4|{{{nationalcaps(goals)4}}} }}} | data67c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals4|}}}|({{{nationalgoals4}}})}} | label68 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears5|–}}}</span>}} | data68a = {{{nationalteam5|}}} | data68b = {{{nationalcaps5|{{{nationalcaps(goals)5}}} }}} | data68c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals5|}}}|({{{nationalgoals5}}})}} | label69 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears6|–}}}</span>}} | data69a = {{{nationalteam6|}}} | data69b = {{{nationalcaps6|{{{nationalcaps(goals)6}}} }}} | data69c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals6|}}}|({{{nationalgoals6}}})}} | label70 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears7|–}}}</span>}} | data70a = {{{nationalteam7|}}} | data70b = {{{nationalcaps7|{{{nationalcaps(goals)7}}} }}} | data70c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals7|}}}|({{{nationalgoals7}}})}} | label71 = {{#if:{{{nationalteam8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{nationalyears8|–}}}</span>}} | data71a = {{{nationalteam8|}}} | data71b = {{{nationalcaps8|{{{nationalcaps(goals)8}}} }}} | data71c = {{#if:{{{nationalgoals8|}}}|({{{nationalgoals8}}})}} | header72 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|Teams managed}} | label73 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|Years}} }} | data73a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{manageryears1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | label74 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears1|–}}}</span>}} | data74 = {{{managerclubs1|}}} | label75 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears2|–}}}</span>}} | data75 = {{{managerclubs2|}}} | label76 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears3|–}}}</span>}} | data76 = {{{managerclubs3|}}} | label77 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears4|–}}}</span>}} | data77 = {{{managerclubs4|}}} | label78 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears5|–}}}</span>}} | data78 = {{{managerclubs5|}}} | label79 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears6|–}}}</span>}} | data79 = {{{managerclubs6|}}} | label80 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears7|–}}}</span>}} | data80 = {{{managerclubs7|}}} | label81 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears8|–}}}</span>}} | data81 = {{{managerclubs8|}}} | label82 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs9|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears9|–}}}</span>}} | data82 = {{{managerclubs9|}}} | label83 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs10|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears10|–}}}</span>}} | data83 = {{{managerclubs10|}}} | label84 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs11|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears11|–}}}</span>}} | data84 = {{{managerclubs11|}}} | label85 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs12|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears12|–}}}</span>}} | data85 = {{{managerclubs12|}}} | label86 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs13|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears13|–}}}</span>}} | data86 = {{{managerclubs13|}}} | label87 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs14|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears14|–}}}</span>}} | data87 = {{{managerclubs14|}}} | label88 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs15|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears15|–}}}</span>}} | data88 = {{{managerclubs15|}}} | label89 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs16|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears16|–}}}</span>}} | data89 = {{{managerclubs16|}}} | label90 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs17|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears17|–}}}</span>}} | data90 = {{{managerclubs17|}}} | label91 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs18|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears18|–}}}</span>}} | data91 = {{{managerclubs18|}}} | label92 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs19|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears19|–}}}</span>}} | data92 = {{{managerclubs19|}}} | label93 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs20|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears20|–}}}</span>}} | data93 = {{{managerclubs20|}}} | label94 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs21|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears21|–}}}</span>}} | data94 = {{{managerclubs21|}}} | label95 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs22|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears22|–}}}</span>}} | data95 = {{{managerclubs22|}}} | label96 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs23|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears23|–}}}</span>}} | data96 = {{{managerclubs23|}}} | label97 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs24|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears24|–}}}</span>}} | data97 = {{{managerclubs24|}}} | label98 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs25|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears25|–}}}</span>}} | data98 = {{{managerclubs25|}}} | label99 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs26|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears26|–}}}</span>}} | data99 = {{{managerclubs26|}}} | label100 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs27|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears27|–}}}</span>}} | data100 = {{{managerclubs27|}}} | label101 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs28|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears28|–}}}</span>}} | data101 = {{{managerclubs28|}}} | label102 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs29|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears29|–}}}</span>}} | data102 = {{{managerclubs29|}}} | label103 = {{#if:{{{managerclubs30|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{manageryears30|–}}}</span>}} | data103 = {{{managerclubs30|}}} | header104 = {{#if:{{{medaltemplates|}}}|{{Collapsible list | title = Honours | titlestyle = text-align: center; background-color: #b0c4de | liststyle = font-weight: lighter; width: 100% | {{Infobox football biography 2/medal}} {{{medaltemplates}}} {{!}}} }} }} | belowstyle = color:darkslategray; font-size:82% | below = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only{{#if:{{{pcupdate|{{{club-update|}}}}}}|&#32;and correct as of {{{pcupdate|{{{club-update}}}}}}}}.{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{years1|}}}{{{clubs1|}}}{{{nationalteam1|}}}|† Appearances (Goals).{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}|‡ National team caps and goals correct as of {{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update}}}}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qykvhuu5ahqfxl9c7sxnf3lj0tgt8hr 1585184 1585183 2026-08-06T22:43:32Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox3cols | bodyclass = vcard | titleclass = fn | title = {{{jina|<includeonly>{{{jinalamchezaji|{{PAGENAME}} }}}</includeonly>}}} | image = {{{picha|}}} | caption = {{{maelezo|}}} | bodystyle = line-height: 1.2em | titlestyle = line-height: 1.5em | labelstyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left | datastyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | multidatastyle = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | datastylea = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline | datastyleb = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;{{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}{{{nationalcaps(goals)1|}}}||text-align: right}} | datastylec = white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right | headerstyle = background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em | header1 = {{#if:{{{jinakamili|}}}{{{tareheyakuzaliwa|}}}{{{mjialiozaliwa|}}}{{{nchialiozaliwa|}}}{{{tareheyakufa|}}}{{{mjialiofia|}}}{{{nchialiofia|}}}{{{urefu|}}}{{{nafasi|}}}|Taarifa binafsi}} | label2 = Jina kamili | data2 = {{{jinakamili|}}} | class2 = jina la utani | label3 = Tarehe ya kuzaliwa | data3 = {{{tareheyakuzaliwa|}}} | label4 = Mahali pa kuzaliwa | data4 = {{#if:{{{mjialiozaliwa|}}}|{{{mjialiozaliwa}}},}} {{{nchialiozaliwa|}}} | label5 = tarehe ya kufa | data5 = {{{tareheyakufa|}}} | label6 = mahali alipofia | data6 = {{#if:{{{mjialiofia|}}}|{{{mjialiofia}}},}} {{{nchialiofia|}}} | label7 = Kimo | data7 = {{{kimo|}}} | label8 = Nafasi anayocheza | class8 = cheo | data8 = {{{nafasianayocheza|}}} | header9 = {{#if:{{{klabuyasasa|}}}|Taarifa za klabu}} | label10 = Klabu ya sasa | class10 = org | data10 = {{{klabuyasasa|}}} | label11 = Namba | data11 = {{{namba|}}} | header12 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|Youth career}} | label13 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{youthyears1|}}}|Years}} }} | data13 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}||{{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|'''Team'''}} }} | label14 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears1|–}}}</span>}} | data14 = {{{youthclubs1|}}} | label15 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears2|–}}}</span>}} | data15 = {{{youthclubs2|}}} | label16 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears3|–}}}</span>}} | data16 = {{{youthclubs3|}}} | label17 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears4|–}}}</span>}} | data17 = {{{youthclubs4|}}} | label18 = {{#if:{{{youthclubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{youthyears5|–}}}</span>}} | data18 = {{{youthclubs5|}}} | header19 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|Kazi katika klabu }} | label21 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|Miaka}} | data21a = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|'''Timu'''}} | data21b = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|{{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}|'''Mechi (Gls)^†'''|'''Mechi^†'''}} }} | data21c = {{#if:{{{caps(goals)1|}}}||'''(Goli)^†'''}} | label22 = {{#if:{{{clubs1|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years1|–}}}</span>}} | data22a = {{{clubs1|}}} | data22b = {{{caps1|{{{caps(goals)1|}}} }}} | data22c = {{#if:{{{goals1|}}}|({{{goals1}}})}} | label23 = {{#if:{{{clubs2|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years2|–}}}</span>}} | data23a = {{{clubs2|}}} | data23b = {{{caps2|{{{caps(goals)2|}}} }}} | data23c = {{#if:{{{goals2|}}}|({{{goals2}}})}} | label24 = {{#if:{{{clubs3|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years3|–}}}</span>}} | data24a = {{{clubs3|}}} | data24b = {{{caps3|{{{caps(goals)3|}}} }}} | data24c = {{#if:{{{goals3|}}}|({{{goals3}}})}} | label25 = {{#if:{{{clubs4|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years4|–}}}</span>}} | data25a = {{{clubs4|}}} | data25b = {{{caps4|{{{caps(goals)4|}}} }}} | data25c = {{#if:{{{goals4|}}}|({{{goals4}}})}} | label26 = {{#if:{{{clubs5|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years5|–}}}</span>}} | data26a = {{{clubs5|}}} | data26b = {{{caps5|{{{caps(goals)5|}}} }}} | data26c = {{#if:{{{goals5|}}}|({{{goals5}}})}} | label27 = {{#if:{{{clubs6|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years6|–}}}</span>}} | data27a = {{{clubs6|}}} | data27b = {{{caps6|{{{caps(goals)6|}}} }}} | data27c = {{#if:{{{goals6|}}}|({{{goals6}}})}} | label28 = {{#if:{{{clubs7|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years7|–}}}</span>}} | data28a = {{{clubs7|}}} | data28b = {{{caps7|{{{caps(goals)7|}}} }}} | data28c = {{#if:{{{goals7|}}}|({{{goals7}}})}} | label29 = {{#if:{{{clubs8|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years8|–}}}</span>}} | data29a = {{{clubs8|}}} | data29b = {{{caps8|{{{caps(goals)8|}}} }}} | data29c = {{#if:{{{goals8|}}}|({{{goals8}}})}} | label30 = {{#if:{{{clubs9|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years9|–}}}</span>}} | data30a = {{{clubs9|}}} | data30b = {{{caps9|{{{caps(goals)9|}}} }}} | data30c = {{#if:{{{goals9|}}}|({{{goals9}}})}} | label31 = {{#if:{{{clubs10|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years10|–}}}</span>}} | data31a = {{{clubs10|}}} | data31b = {{{caps10|{{{caps(goals)10|}}} }}} | data31c = {{#if:{{{goals10|}}}|({{{goals10}}})}} | label32 = {{#if:{{{clubs11|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years11|–}}}</span>}} | data32a = {{{clubs11|}}} | data32b = {{{caps11|{{{caps(goals)11|}}} }}} | data32c = {{#if:{{{goals11|}}}|({{{goals11}}})}} | label33 = {{#if:{{{clubs12|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years12|–}}}</span>}} | data33a = {{{clubs12|}}} | data33b = {{{caps12|{{{caps(goals)12|}}} }}} | data33c = {{#if:{{{goals12|}}}|({{{goals12}}})}} | label34 = {{#if:{{{clubs13|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years13|–}}}</span>}} | data34a = {{{clubs13|}}} | data34b = {{{caps13|{{{caps(goals)13|}}} }}} | data34c = {{#if:{{{goals13|}}}|({{{goals13}}})}} | label35 = {{#if:{{{clubs14|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years14|–}}}</span>}} | data35a = {{{clubs14|}}} | data35b = {{{caps14|{{{caps(goals)14|}}} }}} | data35c = {{#if:{{{goals14|}}}|({{{goals14}}})}} | label36 = {{#if:{{{clubs15|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years15|–}}}</span>}} | data36a = {{{clubs15|}}} | data36b = {{{caps15|{{{caps(goals)15|}}} }}} | data36c = {{#if:{{{goals15|}}}|({{{goals15}}})}} | label37 = {{#if:{{{clubs16|}}}|<span style="font-weight:normal">{{{years16|–}}}</span>}} | 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{{#if:{{{years1|}}}{{{clubs1|}}}{{{nationalteam1|}}}|† Appearances (Goals).{{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}{{{years1|}}}|<br />}} }} {{#if:{{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update|}}}}}}|‡ National team caps and goals correct as of {{{ntupdate|{{{nationalteam-update}}}}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 93y96h17lelthlwn5qza9t5hur74euc 11 53871 1585117 510485 2026-08-06T18:37:07Z ~2026-43529-37 91468 /* Mashujaa was afrika */ mjadala mpya 1585117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Majadiliano<!-- |search=y -->}} {{Mradi wa Vigezo}} == Mashujaa was afrika == Darasal LA sita [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-43529-37|&#126;2026-43529-37]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-43529-37|talk]]) 18:37, 6 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 3hr8jvkk25b7jvy56mwf7tpzzszxpfr 0 66055 1585072 1450501 2026-08-06T13:15:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1585072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Sebastiano Ricci 049.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[Bikira Maria]] katika [[utukufu]] pamoja na [[Malaika Gabrieli]], na [[watakatifu]] Eusebius wa Vercelli (ameketi), [[Sebastiano]] na [[Roko]]'' katika [[mchoro]] wa [[Sebastiano Ricci]].]] [[Image:Codex Vercellensis - Old Latin gospel (John ch. 16, v. 23-30) (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XXXII).jpg|thumb|200px|right|Sehemu ya ''[[Codex Vercellensis]]'', inayodhaniwa kuwa iliandikwa na Eusebius mwaka [[370]].]] '''Eusebius wa Vercelli''' ([[kisiwa]] cha [[Sardinia]], [[2 Machi]] [[283]] hivi – [[Vercelli]], [[Piemonte]], [[1 Agosti]] [[371]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] katika [[karne ya 4]], wa kwanza katika [[mji]] huo wa [[Italia Kaskazini]]. Alikusanya ma[[padri]] wa [[dayosisi|jimbo]] lake kuishi [[umonaki|kimonaki]] na kuimarisha [[Ukristo]] katika eneo lote karibu na [[Mlima|milima]] ya [[Alpi]]. Pamoja na [[Atanasi wa Aleksandria]] alitetea [[imani]] katika [[umungu]] wa [[Yesu]] dhidi ya [[Waario]] na kwa ajili hiyo aliteswa na kupelekwa na [[kaisari]] [[Constantius II|Konstans]] uhamishoni [[Palestina]], [[Kapadokia]] na hadi [[jangwa]] la [[Misri]]. Miaka 8 baadaye aliweza kurudi [[Dayosisi|jimboni]] mwake akaendelea na [[umisionari]] wake pamoja na kuimarisha waumini katika [[imani sahihi]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/28500</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[2 Agosti]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] * [[Mababu wa Kanisa]] ==Maandishi yake== * Toleo jipya la maandishi yake linapatikana katika gombo la 9 la [[Corpus Christianorum]] - Series Latina. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 261-263 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 264-265 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 223-224 == Marejeo ya lugha nyingine== * N. Everett, "Narrating the Life of Eusebius of Vercelli", in R. Balzaretti and E.M. Tyler (eds), ''Narrative and History in the Early Medieval West'' (Turnhout, 2006: Brepols), pp.&nbsp;133–165. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons}} *[http://www.fourthcentury.com/index.php/eusebius-of-vercelli-chart/ Fourth Century Christianity: ''Eusebius of Vercelli''] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05614b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''St. Eusebius (of Vercelli)''] *[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_0283-0371-_Eusebius_Vercellenses.html His writings] *[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/28500 Santi e beati: ''Sant' Eusebio di Vercelli''] {{it icon}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eusebius wa Vercelli}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 283]] [[Category:Waliofariki 371]] [[Category:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Mababu wa Kanisa]] n5m24ipoq4e0msk1jd6b2w4c7q1v5in 0 89713 1585177 1577290 2026-08-06T22:07:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rashid Ali Abdallah''' (amezaliwa [[2 Desemba]] [[1959]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[Chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[Civic United Front]] ([[CUF]]). Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Tumbe]] kwa miaka [[2015]] – [[2020]].<ref name="ParliamentTzRashid">Parliament of Tanzania. "Hon. Rashid Ali Abdallah – MP for Tumbe". Bunge Polis. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/1916{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AFRECAbdallah">African Energy Commission (AFREC). "Rashid Ali Abdallah". https://au-afrec.org/leadership/rashid-ali-abdallah{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ASEANAbdallah">ASEAN Energy Business Forum. "Rashid Ali Abdallah – Executive Director". https://asean-aebf.com/portfolio/rashid-ali-abdallah</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] h9o21jsqz01i3y2kw22wfsoqf9ssu71 0 90313 1585252 1471704 2026-08-07T04:28:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Limbweni Kiwanga''' ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] [[Tanzania|Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo|CHADEMA]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Mlimba]] kwa miaka [[2015]] – [[2020]].<ref name="PolisContrib2019">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Serikali 2019/2020 – Hon. Susan Limbweni Kiwanga". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/11309{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisBudget2018">Bunge la Tanzania. "Hali ya Uchumi wa Taifa na Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Taifa 2018/2019 – Hotuba ya Susan L. Kiwanga". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/12114{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisCourtQuestion">Bunge la Tanzania. "Swali la Susan L. Kiwanga kuhusu ujenzi wa Mahakama Mlimba". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/320{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisHealthBudget2017">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Wizara ya Afya 2016/2017 – Susan L. Kiwanga". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/1542{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="JamhuriMedia2017">Jamhuri Media (8 Desemba 2017). "Lijualikali na Kiwanga Wapata Dhamana". https://www.jamhurimedia.co.tz/lijualikali-na-kiwanga-wapata-dhamana/</ref><ref name="MPsDirectory">Bunge la Tanzania. "Kitabu cha Kumbukumbu za Wabunge – toleo la kwanza". (Directory of MPs). https://www.bunge.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1490102468-Kitabu%20cha%20Kumbukumbu%20za%20Wabunge-toleo%20la%20kwanza.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://www.bunge.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1490102468-Kitabu%20cha%20Kumbukumbu%20za%20Wabunge-toleo%20la%20kwanza.pdf |date=20250526084252 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake Tanzania]] rjfq58ivsi3z5h80aavjr638ofutscb 0 90373 1585234 1499998 2026-08-07T03:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stanslaus Shingoma Mabula''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Nyamagana]] kwa miaka [[2015]] – [[2020]].<ref name="PolisBio">Bunge la Tanzania. "Hon. Stanslaus S. Mabula". Bunge Polis – Kitambulisho na Biografia. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/members/658/primary-answers{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisBudget2017">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Serikali 2017/2018 – Ofisi ya Rais, Tawala za Mikoa na Serikali za Mitaa – Stanslaus S. Mabula". Bunge Polis. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/4718{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisWaziriMkuu2023">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi 2023/2024 – Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu – Stanslaus S. Mabula". Bunge Polis. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/18368{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="CVMabula">Zizuboy (2017). "CV ya Hon. Stanslaus Shingoma Mabula". Blogger. https://kijiwechaajira.blogspot.com/2017/07/cv-ya-hon-stanslaus-shingoma-mabula.html</ref><ref name="MOFTz2019">Tanzania Ministry of Finance. "Audited Consolidated Financial Statements 2019". Serikali ya Tanzania. https://www.mof.go.tz/uploads/documents/en-1646215515-Audited%20Consolidated%20Financial%20Statements%20for%20the%20year%20ended%2030th%20June%2C%202019%20%282%29.pdf</ref><ref name="CitCamp2017">AfricaPress (2017). "CCM CAMPS IN NYAMAGANA, PLEDGES TO ADDRESS WATER WOES". Africa Press. https://www.africa-press.net/tanzania/parties/ccm-camps-in-nyamagana-pledges-to-address-water-woes</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] ms07vdptfu06ljjpphhe3ns1d6839gq 0 90380 1585440 1583039 2026-08-07T11:40:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilfred Muganyizi Lwakatare''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CHADEMA]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Bukoba Mjini]] mwaka [[2015]] – [[2020]].<ref name="PolisMajiFidia">Bunge la Tanzania. "Wilfred M. Lwakatare – swali kuhusu fidia ya miradi ya maji Bukoba". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/82/primary-answers{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisREAQuestion">Bunge la Tanzania. "Maswali ya nyongeza ya Lwakatare kuhusu gharama za umeme REA". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/50/supp-answers {{Wayback|url=https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/50/supp-answers |date=20250905214546 }}</ref><ref name="IppmediaKero">Nipashe / IPP Media (08 Juni 2020). "Lwakatare: Kilichoniingiza siasa kero hizi…". https://legacy.ippmedia.com/sw/habari/lwakatare-kilichoniingiza-siasa-kero-hizi-niliyoyakuta-haya-hapa{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="CitizenQuit2020">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Another Chadema MP quits ahead of 2020 polls". https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/another-chadema-mp-quits-ahead-of-2020-polls-2707690</ref><ref name="GlobalPubCritique">Global Publishers (06 Juni 2020). "Lwakatare: Chadema Si Salama kwa Wapenda Maendeleo". https://globalpublishers.co.tz/lwakatare-chadema-sio-mahali-salama-kwa-wanaopenda-maendeleo/</ref><ref name="Dar24Leave">Dar24 (14 Aprili 2020). "Baada ya Tibaijuka, Lwakatare naye ameaga Bungeni rasmi". https://dar24.com/baada-ya-tibaijuka-lwakatare-naye-ameaga-bungeni-rasmi/ {{Wayback|url=https://dar24.com/baada-ya-tibaijuka-lwakatare-naye-ameaga-bungeni-rasmi/ |date=20201209121839 }}</ref><ref name="MwananchiHamisha">Mwananchi (09 Juni 2019). "Lwakatare ajitenga na uvumi kuhamia CUF". https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/-lwakatare-ajitenga-na-uvumi-kuhamia-cuf-2974538</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] 1oas1c7vt6erfk7lwxmsymxx21129pe 0 90430 1585296 1526832 2026-08-07T05:26:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taska Restituta Mbogo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Viti maalum vya wanawake]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]]. Amehitimu [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya [[sheria]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Tanzania]] <ref>[https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/174] {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/174|date=20200921164350}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/174|title=Hon. Taska Restituta Mbogo|publisher=Parliament of Tanzania|accessdate=2020-06-07|archive-date=2020-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921164350/https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/174|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="PolisMpandaUmeme">Bunge Polis. "MHE. TASKA R. MBOGO aliuliza: Je, ni lini Serikali itapeleka Umeme wa Grid ya Taifa katika Mkoa wa Katavi?" https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/636/primary-answers {{Wayback|url=https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/636/primary-answers |date=20250906153335 }}</ref><ref name="PolisArdhi2023">Bunge Polis. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi 2023/2024 – Wizara ya Ardhi, Nyumba na Maendeleo ya Makazi – Taska Restituta Mbogo". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/20084{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="HabitaleoEnglishMedium">HabariLeo (2023). "Mbunge akataa ‘English Medium’ za Serikali". https://habarileo.co.tz/mbunge-akataa-english-medium-za-serikali/</ref><ref name="PolisEACWorkers2025">Bunge Polis. "15 April 2025 – Swali la Taska Restituta Mbogo kuhusu wastaafu wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1747115436-BJT15APRILI2025ALL.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1747115436-BJT15APRILI2025ALL.pdf |date=20251216121348 }}</ref><ref name="DiramakiniPension">Diramakini (07 Mei 2024). "Serikali yaunda Kamati ya Uchambuzi viwango vya Pensheni – swali la Taska Mbogo". https://www.diramakini.co.tz/2024/05/serikali-yaunda-kamati-ya-uchambuzi.html</ref><ref name="BungeSheriaNdogo2020">Bunge Polis. "Taarifa ya Kamati ya Sheria Ndogo – Taska Restituta Mbogo". https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/9441{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="EatvLandAdvocacy">East Africa Television (2021). "Mbunge awaamsha wanawake umiliki viwanja". https://www.eatv.tv/news/currentaffairs/mbunge-awaamsha-wanawake-umiliki-viwanja%C2%A0</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]][[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake Tanzania]] dfpys2q3hrp1n6uki0xs3fdohihf2lk 0 90437 1585211 1468204 2026-08-07T02:43:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silafu Jumbe Maufi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Viti maalum vya wanawake]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="ParlAnswer2018">Bunge la Tanzania, Polis. "MHE. Silafu J. Maufi – Primary Answer kuhusu viwanja vya michezo mikoa kadhaa". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/40/primary-answers {{Wayback|url=https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/40/primary-answers |date=20250905191859 }}</ref><ref name="CitizenCourtAssessors">The Citizen (14 Nov 2018). "Sh55m claims by court assessors fraudulent, Parliament told". https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/sh55m-claims-by-court-assessors-fraudulent-parliament-told-2661574</ref><ref name="RukwaMiradi2023">Rukwa Region Official. "Miradi ya Bilioni 56.7 yakaguliwa Kalambo". https://rukwa.go.tz/new/miradi-ya-bilioni-567-yakaguliwa-kalambo</ref><ref name="TorchMediaTACTIC2024">Torch Media (06 Desemba 2024). "Miradi ya TACTIC kuipaisha Sumbawanga kimaendeleo". https://www.torchmedia.co.tz/2024/12/miradi-ya-tactic-kuipaisha-sumbawanga.html</ref><ref name="MwananchiCCMGroup">Mwananchi (tarehe isiyoelezwa). "Viongozi CCM wakemea makundi ndani ya chama". https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/siasa/viongozi-ccm-wakemea-makundi-ndani-ya-chama-4070966</ref><ref name="PolisBJT2024">Bunge la Tanzania. "BJT – taarifa ya kikao 15 Mei 2024, Ndugu Silafu Jumbe Maufi alitambuliwa kama Mwenyekiti wa Mkoa wa Rukwa". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1724336528-BJT15MEI2024.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] af68cjwuh3m450ilj0rs2ppsyaxjc5f 0 90443 1585101 1468205 2026-08-06T16:11:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nassor Suleiman Omar''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CUF]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Ziwani]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="PolisQCulture">Bunge la Tanzania. “Supplementary Questions – Mh. Nassor Suleiman Omar (Mbunge wa Ziwani) kuhusu utamaduni wa makabila.” Bunge Polis. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/supplementary_questions/4305{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="BungeDirectory">Bunge la Tanzania. “Kitabu cha Kumbukumbu za Wabunge – Toleo la Kwanza.” https://www.scribd.com/document/642720677/1490102468-Kitabu-cha-Kumbukumbu-za-Wabunge-toleo-la-kwanza-pdf</ref><ref name="CitizenDefect2020">The Citizen (Tanzania). “ACT receives 21 defecting MPs – akiwemo Nassor Suleiman Omar.” https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/-act-receives-21-defecting-mps-2711192</ref><ref name="TwawezaParliamentActivity">Twaweza. “Did They Work for Us? – Analysis of MP interventions Bunge la Tanzania.” https://twaweza.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BUNGE-EN-FINAL-print.pdf</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] du1unnzx8ti1aouvl4ix8fc1riqxj52 0 90445 1585226 1468644 2026-08-07T03:32:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Musoma Vijijini]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="WikiMuhongo">Wikipedia. "Sospeter Muhongo".<ref name="AUProfileMuhongo">Aller & Abbey. "Inspiring Profile of Sospeter Muhongo – A Leading Geological Researcher in Africa". *African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation & Development*, Vol 2, No. 3, 2010. https://library.au.int/fr/inspiring-profile-sospeter-muhongo-leading-geological-researcher-africa-3</ref><ref name="DailyNewsEducation2024">Daily News (Tanzania). "Government, MP hailed for education initiatives". https://dailynews.co.tz/government-mp-hailed-for-education-initiatives/</ref><ref name="ReutersResign2015">Reuters (24 Jan 2015). "Tanzania energy minister quits over scandal, denies wrongdoing". https://news.trust.org/item/20150124103234-8hilb</ref><ref name="MichuziMuhongo">Michuzi Blog (2023). "Hon. Prof. Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo – a trailblazer in geology, education and global leadership". https://www.michuzi.co.tz/2023/11/hon-prof-sospeter-mwijarubi-muhongo_83.html</ref><ref name="DiramakiniMuhongo">Diramakini (2023). "Hon. Prof Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo, a trailblazer in geology, education and global leadership". https://www.diramakini.co.tz/2023/11/honprof-sospeter-mwijarubi-muhongo.html</ref><ref name="MusomaMPBio">Musoma Vijijini Constituency. "Prof Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo – Mbunge wa Musoma Vijijini". https://www.musomavijijini.or.tz/sw/mbunge/</ref><ref name="PolisBudget2024">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Wizara ya Viwanda na Biashara 2024/2025 – Prof. Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo". Bunge Polis. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/23702{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] rwyweiynzvqu7e0nwn113ljhjmekng7 0 90455 1585224 1487758 2026-08-07T03:28:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophia Hebron Mwakagenda''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CHADEMA]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Rungwe]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="GuardianMwakagenda2024">The Guardian (IPP Media). "Sophia Mwakagenda: Championing women empowerment initiatives, rights and community development in Tanzania". https://ippmedia.com/the-guardian/features/read/sophia-mwakagenda-championing-women-empowerment-initiatives-rights-and-community-development-in-tanzania-2024-11-14-200245</ref><ref name="WEFProfile">Women Economic Forum (WEF). "Hon’ble Sophia Hebron Mwakagenda". https://www.wef.org.in/honble-sophia-hebron-mwakagenda/</ref><ref name="CitizenAward">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Chadema MP gets ‘Woman of Decade’ award". https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/chadema-mp-gets-woman-of-decade-award-2633898</ref><ref name="PolisQuestionRuralDev">Bunge Polis. "Primary Questions – Sophia H. Mwakagenda (mbunge Viti Maalum) kuhusu barabara na wakulima Rungwe". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/345/primary-questions {{Wayback|url=https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/345/primary-questions |date=20250906121208 }}</ref><ref name="PolisSpeech2025">Bunge Polis. "Bunge 06 Februari 2025 – swali la Sophia Hebron Mwakagenda kuhusu vijana na mikopo". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1740723726-BJT06022025ALL.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisSchoolSafety">Bunge Polis. "Bunge 22 Aprili 2025 – swali la Sophia Hebron Mwakagenda kuhusu usalama wa shule ya Tukuyu". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1748325929-BJT22APRILI2025ALL.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="OnlineGBV2024">IPP Media / The Guardian. "Online gender‑based violence undermines women’s political participation in Tanzania". https://ippmedia.co.tz/the-guardian/news/local-news/read/online-gender-based-violence-undermines-womens-participation-in-tanzania-2024-10-14-193901 {{Wayback|url=https://ippmedia.co.tz/the-guardian/news/local-news/read/online-gender-based-violence-undermines-womens-participation-in-tanzania-2024-10-14-193901 |date=20251116062851 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Mbeya]] kmqeeggesx2ybitnndbgvojikjt8p11 0 90465 1585197 1468210 2026-08-07T01:12:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Savelina Slivanus Mwijage''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CUF]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Viti maalum vya wanawake]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="PolisBudget2018">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi 2017/2018 – Hon. Savelina S. Mwijage". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/4736 {{Wayback|url=https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/4736 |date=20260112194805 }}</ref><ref name="PolisWaterQuestion">Bunge la Tanzania. "Swali la Mheshimiwa Savelina S. Mwijage kuhusu upatikanaji wa maji Ziwa Victoria kwenye Bukoba Vijijini". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/supplementary_questions/1764{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="HighCourt2022">High Court of Tanzania (12 Agosti 2022). "Miza Bakari Haji & Others vs Registered Trustees of CUF: Judgment – Savelina Silvanus Mwijage among plaintiffs". https://media.tanzlii.org/media/judgment/283418/source_file/miza-bakari-haji-and-9-others-vs-registered-trustees-of-the-civil-united-front-cuf-and-14-others-2022-tzhc-12757-12-august-2022.pdf</ref><ref name="FESShadowMinisters">Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES). "Shadow Ministers – CUF (2010)". https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/tanzania/04789.pdf</ref><ref name="CitizenCUFRow">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Lipumba defends NEC in row over nominated MPs". https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/lipumba-defends-nec-in-row-over-nominated-mps-2600312</ref><ref name="CitizenReinstate">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Fired CUF legislators push for reinstatement after High Court ruling". https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/-fired-cuf-legislators-push-for-reinstatement-after-high-court-ruling-2614710</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wanawake Tanzania]] h963fwczag41neau7cbrmrw4t9ukh3j 0 90473 1585241 1468652 2026-08-07T04:14:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suleiman Masoud Nchambi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Kishapu]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="PolisMotionFeb2025">Bunge Tanzania. "Hoja Binafsi ya Suleiman Masoud Nchambi kuhusu uzalishaji na ununuzi wa zao la pamba". https://www.parliament.go.tz/documents/member-s-private-motion</ref><ref name="ParliamentNakaa2016">Bunge Polis. "Nakaa ya Mtandaoni 10 Mei 2016". Mwongozo wa Spika ukiwemo Suleiman M. Nchambi. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1468489660-10MEI%2C2016.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="CourtAppeal2018">Tanzania Court of Appeal. "Mantrac Tanzania Ltd vs Suleiman Masoud Suleiman & Others". https://media.tanzlii.org/media/judgment/265748/source_file/mantrac-tanzania-ltd-vs-junior-construction-company-ltd-others-2018-tzca-389-27-march-2018.pdf</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] d505afhctq33j4nhlh6jjbj2ftr1y6x 0 90478 1585235 1468630 2026-08-07T04:02:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephen Hilary Ngonyani''' ([[25 Mei]] [[1956]] - [[1 Julai]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Tanzania]] kupitia [[Chama cha Mapinduzi|Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM). Alijulikana sana kwa umahiri wake katika siasa za [[elimu]] ya msingi na maendeleo ya vijijini. Ngonyani alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la [[Korongwe|Korogwe]] Vijijini mwaka [[2010]], na aliendelea kulitumikia jimbo hilo hadi kifo chake.<ref name="PolisEnergy2018">Bunge Polis. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi 2018/2019 – Wizara ya Nishati", Mheshimiwa Stephen H. Ngonyani. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/contributions/9415{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisCourtJob2013">Bunge Polis. "HS 12 (05 Juni 2013) – Swali la Stephen H. Ngonyani kuhusu mashamba ya Sufi Mgobe / Mnyuzi". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1462359397-HS-12-5-2013.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisVillage2014">Bunge Polis. "HS 15 (15 Septemba 2014) – Swali la Stephen Hilary Ngonyani kuhusu vijiji Mkomazi na Lusanga". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1462951165-HS-15-9-2014.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo 1 Julai 2018, Ngonyani alifariki dunia katika [[Hospitali ya Taifa ya Muhimbili]] (MNH) baada ya kuugua kwa muda. Kifo chake kilipokelewa kwa masikitiko makubwa na wananchi, wafuasi wa chama, na wadau wa siasa nchini, kutokana na mchango wake katika maendeleo ya jamii.<ref name="CitizenDeath">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Tanzania MP Majimarefu dies". https://thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tanzania-mp-majimarefu-dies-2644614</ref><ref name="CitizenTribute">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Legislators to pay last respects to late MP". https://thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/legislators-to-pay-last-respects-to-late-mp-2644816</ref><ref name="MwananchiCCMDeath">Mwananchi (tarehe isiyoelezwa). "DED, ofisa tawala wajitosa kumrithi Profesa Majimarefu". https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/-ded-ofisa-tawala-wajitosa-kumrithi-profesa-majimarefu-2923090</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] nn84q1kh2ln2wxxwo7hio6jduyoj5do 0 90488 1585092 1472616 2026-08-06T15:02:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musa Rashid Ntimizi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Igalula]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="ParliamentMpsDir">Bunge la Tanzania. *Kitabu cha Kumbukumbu za Wabunge – toleo la kwanza*. https://www.parliament.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1490102468-Kitabu%20cha%20Kumbukumbu%20za%20Wabunge-toleo%20la%20kwanza.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1490102468-Kitabu%20cha%20Kumbukumbu%20za%20Wabunge-toleo%20la%20kwanza.pdf |date=20250118111721 }}</ref><ref name="ParliamentInfraCommittee">Bunge la Tanzania. "Taarifa ya Kamati ya Miundombinu". https://www.parliament.go.tz/polis/uploads/committee_reports/1517848204-Taarifa%20ya%20Kamati-Miundombinu.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/polis/uploads/committee_reports/1517848204-Taarifa%20ya%20Kamati-Miundombinu.pdf |date=20250607002053 }}</ref><ref name="ParliamentMmaleQuestion">Bunge la Tanzania. "Swali: Kata ya Mmale haina mawasiliano ya simu – Mh. Musa R. Ntimizi". *Hotuba ya Bunge*. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1558962978-29%20APRILI%202019.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] ls9016ukf7tch3ahrcsikg22c1i6cie 0 90490 1585232 1468651 2026-08-07T03:49:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stanslaus Haroon Nyongo''' ([[1 Septemba]] [[1973]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Tanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM). Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa [[Wilaya ya Maswa]] kuanzia mwaka [[2015]]. Aidha, aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa [[Madini]] hadi mwezi [[Desemba]] [[2020]].<ref name="ECDeputyMinister">European Commission. "Hon. Stanslaus Haroon Nyongo – Deputy Minister of State, Office of the President – Planning & Investment". https://commission.europa.eu/hon-stanslaus-haroon-nyongo_en</ref><ref name="DailyNewsCSO2050">Daily News (Tanzania). "Foster dialogue for NDV 2050 success, CSOs urged – Mr Stanslaus Nyongo". https://dailynews.co.tz/foster-dialogue-for-ndv-2050-success-csos-urged/</ref><ref name="IPPGuardianHIVAIDS">The Guardian (IPP Media). "'Direct efforts against Aids to high population points' – Stanslaus Nyongo". https://www.ippmedia.com/the-guardian/page/direct-anti-aids-efforts-to-high-population-points-2024-03-26-095618</ref><ref name="PolisQuestionMaswaHospital">Bunge Polis. "Primary Questions – Hon. Stanslaus H. Nyongo (15 total)". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/414/contributions{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="TanzaniaInvestReshuffle2024">TanzaniaInvest. "Minor Cabinet Reshuffle: Appointment of Deputy Ministers". https://www.tanzaniainvest.com/economy/minor-cabinet-reshuffle-deputy-ministers-and-permanent-secretaries</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] jqw7h4c0pm40czeqz0ohbp4a6r0ibxg 0 90497 1585442 1583046 2026-08-07T11:54:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willy Qulwi Qambalo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CHADEMA]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Karatu]] kwa miaka [[2015]] – [[2020]].<ref name="PolisWaterKaratu">Bunge Polis. "Supplementary Question – Willy Qulwi Qambalo kuhusu matatizo ya maji Karatu". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/338/supp-answers{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisEnergyREA">Bunge Polis. "Primary Question – Willy Qulwi Qambalo kuhusu ujenzi wa umeme katika Karatu". https://polis.bunge.go.tz/members/50/primary-answers{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisWildlifeKaratu">Bunge Polis. "Primary Question – Willy Qambalo kuhusu uharibifu wa mali na wanyamapori Karatu". https://polis.bunge.go.tz/members/250/primary-answers{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisCommitteeList2016">Bunge Polis. "Wajumbe wa Kamati ya Bunge – Willy Q. Qambalo". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1474435372-17%20MEI%2C%202016.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="MpsDirectory2018">Bunge la Tanzania. "Orodha ya Wabunge – Toleo la Pili (Aprili 2018)". https://www.parliament.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1523636818-ORODHA%20YA%20WABUNGE%20TOLEO%20LA%20PILI%20-%20APRILI%202018.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1523636818-ORODHA%20YA%20WABUNGE%20TOLEO%20LA%20PILI%20-%20APRILI%202018.pdf |date=20240730231258 }}</ref><ref name="MwananchiDefect2020">JamiiForums (kwa ripoti ya Mwananchi). "Wabunge walioangushwa kura za maoni – Willy Qambalo". https://www.jamiiforums.com/threads/wabunge-wa-ccm-na-waliohamia-ccm-walioangushwa-kura-za-maoni-2020.1760312/</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] 8c8dw0mmibf0y1xsuvgex9gnnt7ihmf 0 90500 1585195 1477828 2026-08-07T00:20:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salum Mwinyi Rehani''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Uzini]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="PolisBudget2015">Bunge Polis. "Mchango wa Salum Mwinyi Rehani kuhusu Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Taifa 2016/17". https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/2912{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisBodaBodaQuestion">Bunge Polis. "Swali la Salum Mwinyi Rehani kuhusu madereva wa pikipiki na bajaji kujiandikisha hifadhi ya jamii". https://polis.bunge.go.tz/members/40/primary-answers{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="PolisEducationConsistency">Bunge Polis. "Nakala ya Mtandaoni 27 Mei 2016 – Salum Mwinyi Rehani kuhusu ulinganifu wa elimu". https://polis.parliament.go.tz/uploads/documents/1466084532-27MEI%2C2016.pdf{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ParliamentDirectory2018">Bunge la Tanzania. "Orodha ya Wabunge – Toleo la Pili (Aprili 2018)". https://www.bunge.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1523636818-ORODHA%20YA%20WABUNGE%20TOLEO%20LA%20PILI%20-%20APRILI%202018.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://www.bunge.go.tz/uploads/mps_dir/1523636818-ORODHA%20YA%20WABUNGE%20TOLEO%20LA%20PILI%20-%20APRILI%202018.pdf |date=20250526084241 }}</ref><ref name="SSATPProfile">SSATP / Africa Transport Policy Program (2018). "Member of Parliament – Salum Mwinyi Rehani". https://www.ssatp.org/sites/default/files/publication/AGM%20Proceedings-Abuja%202018_EN.pdf</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] 8skgmslpim6xsp7ed4b9lyk5d1p0hfm 0 100103 1584926 1516321 2026-08-06T12:03:42Z ~2026-43167-45 91455 1584926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kajala Frida Masanja''' (alizaliwa [[1976|1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] wa nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref name="allafrica">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201608220322.html|title=Tanzania: Court Sets Free Bongo Movies Actress Kajala|website=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2018-01-17}}</ref> Alionekana na marehemu [[Steven Kanumba]] katika filamu ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]] [[Kijiji Cha Tambua Haki]]. [[ndoa|Aliolewa]] na [[mfanyakazi]] wa [[benki]] wa zamani [[Faraji Chambo]].<ref name="tanzaniatoday">{{cite web|url=http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/kajala-akwama-pesa-ya-kumtoa-mumewe-jela|title=Kajala Akwama Pesa Ya Kumtoa Mumewe Jela &#124; Magazeti ya leo&#124; Tanzania News|website=Tanzania Today|accessdate=2018-01-17|archivedate=2018-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118012645/http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/kajala-akwama-pesa-ya-kumtoa-mumewe-jela}}</ref><ref>https://globalpublishers.co.tz/kajala-aitifua-ndoa-ya-p-funk</ref> Pia ni [[mama]] wa [[mtoto]] mmoja anayeitwa Paula. Kwa sasa ameolewa na [[Harmonize]]. == Orodha ya filamu == <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kajala Masanja {{!}} Actor, — Bongo Movies - Buy Tanzania Movies and DVD's Online|url=https://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|work=www.bongocinema.com|accessdate=2025-08-24|archive-date=2025-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005160402/https://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kigodoro * Jeraha la Moyo * House Boy * Vita Baridi * House Girl & Boy * Dhuluma * Shortcut * Basilisa * You Me and Him * Devils Kingdom ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]]. [[Jamii:ACWP + film in Tanzania]] 64mhkywezmbhx1ugq3ctt4fxxwebkla 1585003 1584926 2026-08-06T12:27:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kajala Frida Masanja''' (alizaliwa [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] wa nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref name="allafrica">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201608220322.html|title=Tanzania: Court Sets Free Bongo Movies Actress Kajala|website=allAfrica.com|accessdate=2018-01-17}}</ref> Alionekana na marehemu [[Steven Kanumba]] katika filamu ya [[mwaka]] [[2012]] [[Kijiji Cha Tambua Haki]]. [[ndoa|Aliolewa]] na [[mfanyakazi]] wa [[benki]] wa zamani [[Faraji Chambo]].<ref name="tanzaniatoday">{{cite web|url=http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/kajala-akwama-pesa-ya-kumtoa-mumewe-jela|title=Kajala Akwama Pesa Ya Kumtoa Mumewe Jela &#124; Magazeti ya leo&#124; Tanzania News|website=Tanzania Today|accessdate=2018-01-17|archivedate=2018-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118012645/http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/kajala-akwama-pesa-ya-kumtoa-mumewe-jela}}</ref><ref>https://globalpublishers.co.tz/kajala-aitifua-ndoa-ya-p-funk</ref> Pia ni [[mama]] wa [[mtoto]] mmoja anayeitwa Paula. Kwa sasa ameolewa na [[Harmonize]]. == Orodha ya filamu == <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kajala Masanja {{!}} Actor, — Bongo Movies - Buy Tanzania Movies and DVD's Online|url=https://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|work=www.bongocinema.com|accessdate=2025-08-24|archive-date=2025-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251005160402/https://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/kajala-masanja|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kigodoro * Jeraha la Moyo * House Boy * Vita Baridi * House Girl & Boy * Dhuluma * Shortcut * Basilisa * You Me and Him * Devils Kingdom ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]]. [[Jamii:ACWP + film in Tanzania]] brk6nko5xled9bmxpzn6tt3n7gs9otc 0 121307 1585075 1546668 2026-08-06T13:22:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1585075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Ayariga''' alikuwa [[Mkristo]] kutoka [[Ghana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629111104/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|title=Libya's Mystery Beach and the 21st Victim - TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime|website=www.talkleft.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012072844/http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|title=February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago.|date=2016-02-12|work=DavidAlton.net|access-date=2018-03-17|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080754/https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|title=Ghanaian Christian Among Those Beheaded By ISIS|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135107/http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|title=The bodies of the Coptic Martyrs beheaded by Isis found in Libya|last=Online.|first=Herald Malaysia|website=Herald Malaysia Online|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080419/http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195147/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|title=CRISTIANI COPTI DECAPITATI DALL'ISIS/ Sirte, rinvenuti 21 corpi in una fossa comune|work=Il Sussidiario.net|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/}}</ref> ambaye, pamoja na [[Wakopti]] 20 kutoka [[Misri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|title=Thousands mourn Egyptian victims of Islamic State in disbelief|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=26 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|archive-date=25 February 2015|url-status=live|archivedate=2015-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216}}</ref>, alitekwa na [[Waislamu]] wenye [[itikadi kali]] wa [[Daish]] huko [[Sirte]], [[Libya]], alipokuwa anafanya [[kazi]] ya [[ujenzi]] mnamo [[27 Desemba]] [[2014]] au Januari [[2015]].<ref name="aljaz">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|title=ISIL video shows Christian Egyptians beheaded in Libya|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=16 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128220526/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hatimaye waliuawa wote pamoja kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao<ref>Later, when one of the perpetrators of the operation was arrested, he admitted in the investigation that the slaughter had taken place at the beach opposite Al Mahary Hotel in [[Sirte]].{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|title=ليبيا.. اعترافات مثيرة للشاهد على ذبح الأقباط|website=www.alarabiya.net|language=ar|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407154831/http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|archive-date=2018-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|title="البنيان المرصوص" تكشف التفاصيل الكاملة لذبح الأقباط المصريين في ليبيا|date=2017-10-07|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080218/https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|title=داعشى يعترف بالتفاصيل الكاملة لاغتيال المصريين فى سرت الليبية بعد القبض عليه.. الإرهابى أبو عامر الجزراوى قاد المجموعة المجرمة.. وعناصر من تونس وليبيا شاركت فى الجريمة النكراء.. والسلطات تستخرج رفات الضحايا - اليوم السابع|date=2017-10-07|work=اليوم السابع|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-Ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221074604/http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|title=بالصور.. التفاصيل الكاملة لقصة ذبح الأقباط المصريين في سرت الليبية|work=إرم نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-AR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|title=بعد العثور على رفات الضحايا.. تفاصيل ذبح المصريين بليبيا|work=البوابة نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|archive-date=2018-03-30|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714}}</ref>, kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [[video]] tarehe [[15 Februari]] 2015<ref>[http://www.ramanmedianetwork.com/isis-video-shows-mass-beheading-of-christian-hostages/#sthash.dRBC2ygW.dpuf Raman Media network: "ISIS Video Shows Mass Beheading of Christian Hostages" by Rakash Raman] February 16, 2015</ref>. [[Kifo]] chao kilithibishwa na [[serikali]] na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |title=Libyan parliament confirms death of 21 kidnapped Coptic Egyptians |newspaper=[[Daily News Egypt]] |author=Mahmoud Mostafa |date=February 14, 2015 |accessdate=16 Feb 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215224401/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |archivedate=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>. Tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2015 [[Patriarki]] [[Tawadros II]] wa [[Alexandria]] aliwatangaza kuwa [[watakatifu]]<ref name="Vatican radio">{{cite web | url=http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | title=Coptic Church Recognizes Martyrdom of 21 Coptic Christians | date=21 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012065659/http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | archive-date=12 October 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>. <ref name="Vatican radio"/>. Kwa ruhusa yake, [[Papa Fransisko]] aliwaingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chao, 15 Februari. == Marejeo == [[Martin Mosebach]] aliandika kitabu juu yao: ''The 21 - A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|title=Lots of Coptic clergy were rubbing shoulders with members of the Bruderhof|website=The Tablet|language=en|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212020026/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|archive-date=2019-12-12|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist|30em}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Category:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ghana]] 1mt0wnlsui4tvurjy0e8ihy94f2c0un 1585076 1585075 2026-08-06T13:25:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Ayariga''' ([[1990]] hivi - 15 Februari [[2015]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] kutoka [[Ghana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629111104/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|title=Libya's Mystery Beach and the 21st Victim - TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime|website=www.talkleft.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012072844/http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|title=February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago.|date=2016-02-12|work=DavidAlton.net|access-date=2018-03-17|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080754/https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|title=Ghanaian Christian Among Those Beheaded By ISIS|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135107/http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|title=The bodies of the Coptic Martyrs beheaded by Isis found in Libya|last=Online.|first=Herald Malaysia|website=Herald Malaysia Online|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080419/http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195147/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|title=CRISTIANI COPTI DECAPITATI DALL'ISIS/ Sirte, rinvenuti 21 corpi in una fossa comune|work=Il Sussidiario.net|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/}}</ref> au [[Chad]] <ref>https://www.cbcew.org.uk/st-matthew-ayariga/</ref> ambaye, pamoja na [[Wakopti]] 20 kutoka [[Misri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|title=Thousands mourn Egyptian victims of Islamic State in disbelief|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=26 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|archive-date=25 February 2015|url-status=live|archivedate=2015-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216}}</ref>, alitekwa na [[Waislamu]] wenye [[itikadi kali]] wa [[Daish]] huko [[Sirte]], [[Libya]], alipokuwa anafanya [[kazi]] ya [[ujenzi]] mnamo [[27 Desemba]] [[2014]] au Januari [[2015]].<ref name="aljaz">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|title=ISIL video shows Christian Egyptians beheaded in Libya|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=16 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128220526/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hatimaye waliuawa wote pamoja kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao<ref>Later, when one of the perpetrators of the operation was arrested, he admitted in the investigation that the slaughter had taken place at the beach opposite Al Mahary Hotel in [[Sirte]].{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|title=ليبيا.. اعترافات مثيرة للشاهد على ذبح الأقباط|website=www.alarabiya.net|language=ar|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407154831/http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|archive-date=2018-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|title="البنيان المرصوص" تكشف التفاصيل الكاملة لذبح الأقباط المصريين في ليبيا|date=2017-10-07|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080218/https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|title=داعشى يعترف بالتفاصيل الكاملة لاغتيال المصريين فى سرت الليبية بعد القبض عليه.. الإرهابى أبو عامر الجزراوى قاد المجموعة المجرمة.. وعناصر من تونس وليبيا شاركت فى الجريمة النكراء.. والسلطات تستخرج رفات الضحايا - اليوم السابع|date=2017-10-07|work=اليوم السابع|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-Ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221074604/http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|title=بالصور.. التفاصيل الكاملة لقصة ذبح الأقباط المصريين في سرت الليبية|work=إرم نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-AR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|title=بعد العثور على رفات الضحايا.. تفاصيل ذبح المصريين بليبيا|work=البوابة نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|archive-date=2018-03-30|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714}}</ref>, kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [[video]] tarehe [[15 Februari]] 2015<ref>[http://www.ramanmedianetwork.com/isis-video-shows-mass-beheading-of-christian-hostages/#sthash.dRBC2ygW.dpuf Raman Media network: "ISIS Video Shows Mass Beheading of Christian Hostages" by Rakash Raman] February 16, 2015</ref>. [[Kifo]] chao kilithibishwa na [[serikali]] na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |title=Libyan parliament confirms death of 21 kidnapped Coptic Egyptians |newspaper=[[Daily News Egypt]] |author=Mahmoud Mostafa |date=February 14, 2015 |accessdate=16 Feb 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215224401/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |archivedate=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>. Tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2015 [[Patriarki]] [[Tawadros II]] wa [[Alexandria]] aliwatangaza kuwa [[watakatifu]]<ref name="Vatican radio">{{cite web | url=http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | title=Coptic Church Recognizes Martyrdom of 21 Coptic Christians | date=21 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012065659/http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | archive-date=12 October 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>. <ref name="Vatican radio"/>. Kwa ruhusa yake, [[Papa Fransisko]] aliwaingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chao, 15 Februari. == Marejeo == [[Martin Mosebach]] aliandika kitabu juu yao: ''The 21 - A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|title=Lots of Coptic clergy were rubbing shoulders with members of the Bruderhof|website=The Tablet|language=en|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212020026/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|archive-date=2019-12-12|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist|30em}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Category:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ghana]] dhk6vgqwksanmxdy284j5w2xs5yggms 0 121926 1585174 1583391 2026-08-06T21:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585174 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} 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|date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 |- |'''Sinematografi''' |Christopher Wessels |- |'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] irq4vf9mn2lifduc7wf4xzie1zgl11b 0 122485 1585422 1425576 2026-08-07T11:22:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wiki ya Usomaji Ramani''' nchini [[Uingereza]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''National Map Reading Week'') ni [[wiki]] iliyobuniwa na "Ordinance Survey", ambayo ni [[ofisi]] ya upimaji na [[ramani]] katika [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], kwa shabaha ya kuhamasisha [[watu]] kujifunza namna ya kusoma ramani. Wiki hiyo huadhimishwa wiki ya tatu ya mwezi [[Oktoba]]. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/british-library-maps-exhibition-maps-and-the-20th-century-apps-ordnance-survey-a7383611.html|title=Back on the map: Why paper sometimes isn’t enough to help you find your way|newspaper=The Independent|date=27 October 2016|accessdate=29 November 2016}}</ref> Malengo makubwa ya wiki hiyo ni kuhamasisha [[umma]] na [[jamii]] katika matumizi na huduma za ramani <ref name="OS #GetOutside: Map Reading Week 2016">{{cite web|title=OS #GetOutside: Map Reading Week 2016|url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/getoutside/guides/map-reading-week/|accessdate=21 September 2016}}</ref> Kulingana na [[utafiti]] wa mwanzo iligundulika kuwa [[raia]] wengi walishindwa kuonyesha [[miji]] ya [[London]] na [[Birmingham]] kwenye ramani ya nchi.<ref name="The Scilly Isles? Is that in Scotland">{{cite news|title=The Scilly Isles? Is that in Scotland| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/21/the-scilly-isles-is-that-in-scotland/|publisher=Telegraph|accessdate=21 September 2016|date=21 September 2016}}</ref> Wasiwasi wa watu wengi kupoteza maarifa ya usomaji ramani haukuwa jambo jipya, kulingana na utafiti wa [[maktaba]] ya Uingereza ulionyeshwa na mchorakatuni aitwaye [[John Brian Hartley]] kufikia [[mwaka]] [[1980]] wasiwasi wa upoteaji wa maarifa ya asili ya usomaji ramani ulianza kutoweka baada ya uvumbuzi na ugunduzi wa maarifa ya ramani katika mfumo wa kidijitali kuanza kukua <ref>{{cite web|title=Map Reading in the 20th Century|url=http://blogs.bl.uk/magnificentmaps/2016/10/map-reading-in-the-20th-century.html|website=British Library|publisher=British Library|accessdate=20 October 2016|archive-date=2019-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014093018/https://blogs.bl.uk/magnificentmaps/2016/10/map-reading-in-the-20th-century.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.rin.org.uk/newsitem/4716/National-Map-Reading-Week Royal Institute of Navigation: National Map Reading Week] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rin.org.uk/newsitem/4716/National-Map-Reading-Week |date=20170721054609 }} *[https://www.southdowns.gov.uk/dont-get-lost/ South Downs National Park: National Map Reading Week 17 – 23 October 2016] *[https://rohantime.com/68791/national-map-reading-week-17th-23rd-october-2016/ Rohan: National Map Reading Week 17 – 23 October 2016] {{Wayback|url=https://rohantime.com/68791/national-map-reading-week-17th-23rd-october-2016/ |date=20180205184716 }} *[https://devongeography.wordpress.com/2016/09/23/map-reading-week-is-coming/ Devon Geography: Map Reading Week Is Coming!] *[http://www.azimap.com/news/view/28/national-map-reading-week-is-coming Azimap: National Map Reading Week] {{Wayback|url=http://www.azimap.com/news/view/28/national-map-reading-week-is-coming |date=20210518022355 }} *[https://library.osu.edu/blogs/maps/2016/09/27/national-map-reading-week-in-the-uk/ Ohio State University: National Map Reading Week in the UK] {{Wayback|url=https://library.osu.edu/blogs/maps/2016/09/27/national-map-reading-week-in-the-uk/ |date=20181230013839 }} *[http://us1.campaign-archive1.com/?u=df38b4f849181871e3cf8a6e5&id=f86fcabdbd Outdoor Industry Association newsletter Sep 2016 – National Map Reading Week] [[Jamii:Jamii]] m7t151qqsqpn0lxucgnyzsyarpzo3o5 0 131816 1585361 1521535 2026-08-07T08:42:53Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 1585361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grime''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] ambayo ilibuniwa [[London]], [[Uingereza]], mapema [[miaka ya 2000]]. Grime inaweza kutofautishwa na sauti yake ya pekee, ambayo ni mchanganyiko wa Muziki wa Densi ya Elektroniki, Drum na Bass, Hip hop, na [[Dancehall]]. Kabla ya Grime kuwa aina kuu ya muziki nchini Uingereza, ilisambazwa kwenye vituo vya redio haramu vinavyoitwa 'vituo vya maharamia'. Wasanii kama Wiley, Dizzee Rascal, na Kano walimfanya Grime kuwa mtindo maarufu wa muziki. Sasa, wasanii kama Skepta, Stormzy, Dave, PME, na P Money ni maarufu ulimwenguni kote kwa muziki wao wa Grime. == Historia == Muziki ya Grime iliongezeka kutoka reggae ya Jamaika wakati ikichanganya na aina za muziki za Amerika na Carribian. Wahamiaji wa Kiafrika walipoanza maisha yao mapya London Mashariki, watoto wao waliunda aina mpya ya muziki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Growing up under the influence: A sonic genealogy of grime by Dr Joy White|url=https://reggaenetwork.wordpress.com/2017/02/03/joy-white-grime/|date=2017-02-03|accessdate=2020-12-14|language=en}}</ref> Wakati wasanii wa Grime kawaida ni vijana, wanaume weusi, [[hadhira]] yao sasa inaenea kote Uingereza, na hivi karibuni kote ulimwenguni. Wimbo wa kwanza mbaya ulitolewa na Wiley. Iliitwa 'Eskibeat' na aliiachia mnamo 2002.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wiley invented the term 'Grime', in reference to UK music.|url=https://www.capitalxtra.com/features/lists/grime-facts/wiley-invented-grime/|work=Capital XTRA|accessdate=2020-12-14|language=en|archivedate=2021-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117163959/https://www.capitalxtra.com/features/lists/grime-facts/wiley-invented-grime/}}</ref> Kabla ya kutoa wimbo huu, Grime alitambuliwa kama 'muziki wa gereji'. Walakini, wimbo huu ulianza kuongezeka kwa umaarufu wa Grime ulimwenguni kote. == Wasanii Mashuhuri == Kuna wasanii wengi ambao wana jukumu la kusaidia muziki wa Grime kufanikiwa kama ilivyo leo. Walakini, Dizzee Rascal, Wiley, Stormzy na Skepta wanahusika zaidi kwa kuongezeka kwa ghafla juu ya umaarufu wa muziki. [[Picha:Rapper Wiley.jpg|thumb|Wiley mnamo 2012]] '''[[:en:Dizzee_Rascal|Dizzee Rascal]]''' Anaitwa Dylan Kwemba Mills, na alizaliwa mnamo tarehe 18 Desemba, 1984. Anajulikana kama mwanzilishi wa muziki wa Grime, ambaye alifanya kazi pamoja na Wiley kuanzisha aina ya muziki kutoka chini. '''[[:en:Wiley_(musician)|Wiley]]''' Anaitwa Richard Kylea Cowie Jr, na alizaliwa mnamo 19 Januari, 1979. Amechangia muziki wa Grime katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake ya muziki, na akaanzisha wimbo wa kwanza wa Grime uitwao 'Eskibeat'.<ref>{{Citation|title=Eskimo (grime beat)|date=2019-11-21|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eskimo_(grime_beat)&oldid=927241052|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-12-14}}</ref> [[Picha:Stormzy - Openair Frauenfeld 2019 05.jpg|thumb|Stormzy mnamo 2015]] '''[[:en:Stormzy|Stormzy]]''' Anaitwa Michael Ebenezer Kwadjo Omari Owuo Jr, na alizaliwa Julai 26, 1993. Stormzy ilisifika kama muziki wa Grime ulianza kupata mafanikio ya kimataifa kutoka 2014 - 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Stormzy|date=2020-12-01|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stormzy&oldid=991684878|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-12-14}}</ref> Ameshiriki katika nyimbo na Ed Sheeran na wengine.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=STORMZY - OWN IT (feat. ED SHEERAN & BURNA BOY) - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYwbGaSurCQ|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2020-12-14}}</ref> '''[[:en:Skepta|Skepta]]''' Anaitwa Joseph Junior Adenuga, na alizaliwa mnamo Septemba 19, 1982. Pia ana kaka yake mdogo ambaye pia ni rapa wa Grime. Jina lake la hatua ni [[:en:Jme_(musician)|JME]]. Skepta bado inafanya muziki bora ambao unachezwa karibu mara 10,000,000 kwa mwezi kote ulimwenguni. == Mafanikio ya Kimataifa == Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, wasanii wa Grime wamepata mafanikio kimataifa. Mafanikio haya yaliyoongezeka yamesaidia wasanii wa Grime kupata fursa za kushirikiana na wasanii wengine maarufu ulimwenguni. Kwa mfano, Skepta aliangaziwa kwenye Albamu ya Zaidi ya Maisha ya Drake ya 2017 na wimbo uitwao Interlude.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Skepta Interlude - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaMxyjB_2aE|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2020-12-14}}</ref> Drake anaweza kusikika hata akitumia misimu ya London ambayo ililetwa na umaarufu na wasanii wa Grime. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, muziki maarufu wa Grime ulikuwa umeenea hadi upande mwingine wa ulimwengu wakati sherehe huko New Zealand zilitangaza Stormzy na Skepta kama vitendo vyao kuu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NORTHERN BASS 15/16 - full line up announced|url=https://basefm.co.nz/northern-bass-15-16/|work=Base FM|date=2015-09-10|accessdate=2020-12-14|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020054020/https://basefm.co.nz/northern-bass-15-16/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Northern Bass: First lineup announcement includes Stormzy, Post Malone|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/northern-bass-first-lineup-announcement-includes-stormzy-post-malone/4RAMKKNPYV2634HXBGGF4ZHYAA/|work=NZ Herald|accessdate=2020-12-14|language=en-NZ}}</ref> Tamasha la Bass la Kaskazini lilikuwa hafla iliyouzwa kabisa, haswa kwa sababu ya ukweli kwamba Stormzy na Skepta walikuwa wasanii kuu. Umaarufu wa Grime umeenea zaidi ya sherehe za muziki na maonyesho. Sasa kuna vipindi maarufu vya runinga kama vile watu hawafanyi chochote. Kipindi kinahusu wanamuziki wawili wa Grime na kipindi chao cha siri cha redio. Ni vichekesho. Kipindi ni maarufu sana kwamba pia kuna sinema inayotengenezwa ambayo inaitwa "People Just do Nothing: Big in Japan." Itatolewa mnamo 2021.<ref>{{Citation|title=People Just Do Nothing: Big in Japan|date=2020-12-03|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People_Just_Do_Nothing:_Big_in_Japan&oldid=992149537|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-12-14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] 1rr8byqinpel5bj8ywqlkugxvdsxl0e 0 138634 1585159 1578674 2026-08-06T19:45:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu Mashuhuri |jina = Patrick Epaphra Ngowi |picha = Patrick ngowi.jpg |caption = Picha ya Patrick Ngowi|thumb|Patrick Ngowi |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = [[25 Januari]] [[1985]] |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = |tarehe_ya_kufa = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anajulikana_kwa_ajili_ya = |kazi_yake = [[mfanyabiashara]] |utaifa = [[Tanzania]] }} '''Patrick Epaphra Ngowi''' (alizaliwa [[25 Januari]] [[1985]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] [[Mtanzania]], [[kiongozi]] wa mazingira na wa uhamasishaji kuhusu mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]]. Yeye ndiye [[Mwanzilishi]] na Mwenyekiti wa Kikundi cha Helvetic, [[kampuni]] iliyobobea katika uuzaji na usanikishaji wa mifumo ya upigaji picha.<ref name="ForbesNgowi">Nsehe, Mfonobong. "The Young African Millionaire Lighting Up Tanzania". *Forbes*. https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2013/08/01/the-young-african-millionaire-lighting-up-tanzania/</ref><ref name="HowWeMadeItNgowi">How We Made It In Africa. "'Age is nothing but a number,' says the young CEO behind the Helvetic Group". https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/age-is-nothing-but-a-number-says-the-young-ceo-behind-the-helvetic-group/36322/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/age-is-nothing-but-a-number-says-the-young-ceo-behind-the-helvetic-group/36322/ |date=20250917012054 }}</ref><ref name="AfrLeadMagNgowi">African Leadership Magazine. "Young African of the Week: Patrick Ngowi". https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/young-african-of-the-week-patrick-ngowi/</ref><ref name="SunConnectNgowi">Sun-Connect East Africa News. "Meet Tanzanians Solar Entrepreneur Patrick Ngowi". https://sun-connect.org/meet-tanzanians-solar-entrepreneur-patrick-ngowi/{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi == Ngowi alianza biashara akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 alipoanza kuuza vocha za kuongeza pesa kwa simu za rununu katika shule ya upili.Baada ya kuhitimu, Ngowi alisafiri kati ya [[Asia]] na [[Tanzania]] na kurudisha simu za kisasa na za bei rahisi, na akaanza kununua simu zisizo na gharama kubwa kutoka kwenye viwanda kwa bei ya chini na kuziuza katika soko la Tanzania. Alijiandikisha katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Denzhou nchini China, akisoma nishati mbadala. Patrick Ngowi alianzisha Helvetic Solar mnamo mwaka [[2007]] ili kutoa na kusanikisha vifaa vya [[jua]] nchini Tanzania na Marekani. Kampuni hiyo ilipewa Tuzo ya KPMG ya Kampuni 100 za Wastani wa Kati katika Tuzo ya Tanzania mnamo mwaka [[2012]].Kampuni hiyo imebadilika kuwa kikundi cha wafanyabiashara, ambacho yeye ni Mwenyekiti.<ref name="NeoCarbonReport">NeoCarbon Project Report. "Helvetic Solar Contractor Profile". https://www.utu.fi/sites/default/files/public%3A/media/file/NeoCarbon-WP1-2-2018.pdf</ref> == Kutambulika == Forbes ilijumuisha Ngowi katika orodha yake ya Wajasiriamali Vijana Bora 30 wa [[Afrika]] na orodha ya Forbes ya Mamilionea Vijana wa Afrika wa Kutazama mnamo mwaka 2013. Aliorodheshwa tena katika orodha ya 2014 ya Wajasiriamali Vijana Wanaoahidi zaidi Afrika kupitia Kikundi cha Helvetic. Alitajwa pia kama Kiongozi wa Biashara Mdogo wa Afrika Mashariki wa Mwaka 2014 na Forbes na CNBC. Ngowi amekuwa na majukumu mengi ya kuongea katika hafla za kimataifa na mnamo 2015 alichaguliwa kama Mwenyekiti wa Mkataba wa Kimataifa wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] nchini Tanzania. [chanzo bora kinahitajika] Mwaka mmoja baadaye, ilitangazwa kuwa Ngowi alikuwa mmoja wa Waanzilishi 10 wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Maendeleo Endelevu (SGDs), akiwa pania katika kutoa huduma ya nishati safi. == Uhisani == Ngowi ndiye mwanzilishi wa Nuru ya Msingi wa Maisha,, biashara isiyo ya faida ambayo inazingatia kutoa mifumo ya nguvu ya upepo wa jua na ndogo kwa vijana na wanawake katika maeneo ya vijijini na nje ya gridi ya Tanzania.<ref>"Patrick Ngowi: Self-made Tanzanian millionaire". ''TRUE Africa''. 2015-11-14. Retrieved 2019-12-09.</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-Mtanzania}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Editathon 2021-06 Morogor]] s4vso6e8higm7hjrxx6c9wt8kleba75 0 141305 1585083 1188224 2026-08-06T13:47:03Z Icodense 49270 Icodense moved page [[Clive $inclair]] to [[Kituo cha reli Lübeck Travemünde Strand]] without leaving a redirect: fixing vandalism ([[m:GS|global sysop]] action) 1188224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Travemünde Strandbahnhof.jpg|thumb|[[Mnara]] wa kituo.]] '''Kituo cha reli Luebeck Travemuende Strand''' ni kituo cha [[garimoshi]] kilichopo [[Lübeck]] katika [[wilaya]] ya [[Travemünde]] huko [[Ujerumani]] katika [[Majimbo ya Ujerumani|jimbo]] la [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Ni moja ya maeneo yanayolindwa na sheria ya urithi na ni kimoja kati ya vituo vitatu vilivyopo Travemünde. {{Mbegu-jio-Ujerumani}} [[Jamii:Vituo vya reli]] [[Jamii:Luebeck]] [[Jamii:Schleswig-Holstein]] jagfk9h6mtukdsq8qnkb1phw8mff2rn 1585084 1585083 2026-08-06T13:47:32Z Icodense 49270 Protected "[[Kituo cha reli Lübeck Travemünde Strand]]": Persistent vandalism ([[m:GS|global sysop]] action) ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho) [Kuhamisha=Ruhusa kwa wakabidhi tu] (bila mwisho)) 1188224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Travemünde Strandbahnhof.jpg|thumb|[[Mnara]] wa kituo.]] '''Kituo cha reli Luebeck Travemuende Strand''' ni kituo cha [[garimoshi]] kilichopo [[Lübeck]] katika [[wilaya]] ya [[Travemünde]] huko [[Ujerumani]] katika [[Majimbo ya Ujerumani|jimbo]] la [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Ni moja ya maeneo yanayolindwa na sheria ya urithi na ni kimoja kati ya vituo vitatu vilivyopo Travemünde. {{Mbegu-jio-Ujerumani}} [[Jamii:Vituo vya reli]] [[Jamii:Luebeck]] [[Jamii:Schleswig-Holstein]] jagfk9h6mtukdsq8qnkb1phw8mff2rn 1585085 1585084 2026-08-06T13:53:40Z Icodense 49270 corr. 1585085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Travemünde Strandbahnhof.jpg|thumb|[[Mnara]] wa kituo.]] '''Kituo cha reli Luebeck Travemuende Strand''' ni kituo cha [[garimoshi]] kilichopo [[Lübeck]] katika [[wilaya]] ya [[Travemünde]] huko [[Ujerumani]] katika [[Majimbo ya Ujerumani|jimbo]] la [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. Ni moja ya maeneo yanayolindwa na sheria ya urithi na ni kimoja kati ya vituo vitatu vilivyopo Travemünde. {{Mbegu-jio-Ujerumani}} [[Jamii:Vituo vya reli]] [[Jamii:Lübeck]] [[Jamii:Schleswig-Holstein]] 9ujtceypeivi2qxplcteo9grdmr5dek 0 143908 1585198 1525373 2026-08-07T01:34:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Selly Galley | image = | maelezo ya picha = | jina la kuzaliwa = Selorm Galley Fiawoo | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 25 setemba 1987 | mahala pa kuzaliwa = Ghana | tarehe ya kufa = | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = mtangazaji | miaka ya kazi = msimu nane | ndoa = aliolewa na msanii nyota | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = | academyawards = | afiawards = | arielaward = | baftaawards = | bfjaawards = | cesarawards = | emmyawards = | filmfareawards = | geminiawards = | goldencalfawards = | goldenglobeawards = | goldenraspberryawards = | goyaawards = | grammyawards = | iftaawards = | laurenceolivierawards = | naacpimageawards = | nationalfilmawards = | sagawards = | tonyawards = | awards = }} '''Selly Galley''' (jina kamili: '''Selorm Galley-Fiawoo'''; alizaliwa [[25 Septemba]] [[1987]]) ni [[mtangazaji]] wa kwenye [[runinga]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka nchini [[Ghana]], na aliwahi kuwa mshiriki wa Big Brother Africa msimu wa nane.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/selly-galley-talks-about-mediocre-movie-producers/|title=Selly Galley Talks About Mediocre Movie Producers|last=Larbi-Amoah|first=Lawrencia|website=Ghafla! Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-20|accessdate=2021-10-30|archivedate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405073618/http://www.ghafla.com/gh/selly-galley-talks-about-mediocre-movie-producers/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00024674.html|title=Big Brother Africa - Eviction Fever Grips Housemates|last=|first=|date=2013-05-27|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104030459/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00024674.html|archive-date=2021-11-04|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Selly aliolewa na [[msanii]] [[nyota]] wa [[Muziki wa hip hop|muziki wa Hip Hop]] wa nchini Ghana Praye Tietia,.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://yen.com.gh/92571-i-ready-a-child-selly-galley.html|title=I am now ready to have a child - Selly Galley|last=Abubakari|first=Laila|date=2017-05-04|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2018-12-20|archive-date=2018-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230456/https://yen.com.gh/92571-i-ready-a-child-selly-galley.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Photos-Check-out-the-wedding-gown-of-Selly-Galley-384289|title=Photos: Check out the wedding gown of Selly Galley {{!}} Entertainment 2015-09-27|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Arusha MoAC]] [[Jamii:Arts and Feminism 2023]] [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Ghana]] 2em53tzr976ccmt3wbj841jw8zceyul 0 143916 1585358 1274966 2026-08-07T08:41:27Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 1585358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Mvusi''' (alizaliwa [[Bloemfontein]], 1955 hivi) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mbunifu. Mvusi alitwaa tuzo ya mwigizaji bora wa kike mwaka 1988 Cannes Film Festival kutokana na uhusika wake katika [[filamu]] ya A World Apart ambayo iliongozwa na Chris Menges. Mvusi alikuwa Mwafrikakusini wa kwanza kupata tuzo ya mwigizaji bora wa kike katika Cannes. Mvusi pia alishiriki katika tuzo ya umahiri wa usanifu wake kwenye Apartheid Museum. ==Wasifu== Linda Mvusi alizaliwa katika Free State mnamo 1955 na akalelewa ndani ya Northern Rhodesia, [[Ghana]] na [[Kenya]]. Alipata mafunzo ya usanifu na alikuwa akifanya mazoezi ya ufundi wake huko Harare na alipokutana na Chris Menges ambaye alikuwa akijaribu kutafuta maeneo kwa ajili ya filamu yake A World Apart karibu na Bulawayo. Awali Mvusi alikuwa akihofia filamu hii kwani alishuku kuwa ni filamu iliyotengenezwa na watu wa nje wenye fedha za kigeni kwa ajili ya watazamaji wa nje. Mvusi alihisi kwamba mamilioni ya fedha za kigeni yalikuwa yanawazuia Waafrika kusimulia hadhi zao wenyewe. Alisema “watengenezaji wa filamu za kizungu wanakandamiza ukuaji wetu wenyewe, mtazamo wetu wa historia na ukweli wetu”. Hata hivyo Menges alimvutia wakati chama hicho kilipoanza kuwatupa wenyeji na wachama wa ANC kwenye waigizaji. {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Afrika Kusini]] 42wsmkolzijpkls2xvk8sleono7fpih 0 145990 1585098 1512724 2026-08-06T15:39:52Z ~2026-43429-94 91462 /* */ 1585098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = |picha = Nabii Mkuu.jpg |maelezo = |landscape = yes |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = GeorDavie |jina lingine = |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|04|25|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = |ala = |aina = Jazz |kazi yake = Nabii |miaka ya kazi = |studio = |ameshirikiana na = |tovuti = {{https://www.geordavie.org}} }} '''GeorDavie''' (alizaliwa [[Singida (mji)|Singida]], Tanzania, 25 Aprili [[1965]]), jina kamili Moses Kasambale GeorDavie, ni nabii, mwanamuziki, mwandishi, mfadhili, na mwanzilishi pamoja na kiongozi wa huduma ya GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako yenye makao makuu Arusha, Tanzania. Pia ni mwanzilishi wa redio Ngurumo Ya Upako FM na televisheni GeorDavie TV.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=HOME|url=https://www.geordavie.org/|work=geordavie|accessdate=2026-02-19|language=en}}</ref>  Cult leader. Ni mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, ikiwemo Keeping Up With God’s Kingdom Government Standards, The Kingdom Business, Amani na Diplomasia, na Africa Moja, Bara la Nuru. == Historia == === '''Maisha ya awali na elimu''' === GeorDavie alizaliwa Singida, Tanzania, akiwa mtoto wa Moses Kasambale na Phoebe. Alikulia Singida na baadaye kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]]. GeorDavie ana asili ya [[Wasomali|Kisomali]], [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kiitalia]]. GeorDavie alikulia Singida na baadaye akahamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kuishi na baba yake mzazi. Wazazi wake waliishi katika miji tofauti hivyo alihama mara kwa mara alipokuwa mdogo. Bibi yake Mary ni kati ya watu waliomlea. Akiwa na miaka mitano tu alianza kutoa unabii nao ulitimia kama alivyosema. Alipata elimu ya sekondari katika shule ya St. Andrews Minaki, Pwani. Baadaye alihudhuria mafunzo ya umisionari katika taasisi ya [https://ywam.org Youth With A Mission (YWAM)] huko Mombasa, [[Kenya]] kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1986. Aidha, alishiriki programu ya mafunzo ya huduma katika Destiny Christian Center, [[Minnesota|Minnesota, Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2012. GeorDavie ana shahada na vyeti mbalimbali, ikiwemo: * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Church Ministries na Organizational Capacity, American University, Marekani (2013)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2025)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika International Relations and Diplomacy (2025) * Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2022)   * Shahada ya Kwanza katika International Relations and Theology (2019)   Mwaka 2025 alitunukiwa pia Uprofesa katika Uongozi na Usimamizi na taasisi mbalimbali za Kitheolojia.   === Maisha binafsi === Mwaka [[1988]] [[GeorDavie]] alimuoa Anna Davie, pamoja wana watoto watatu, Nic <ref>http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html {{Wayback|url=http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html |date=20220126120121 }} Nisher amshukuru Baba yake (Februari 29, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, Ken na Monica. Mke wake Anna Davie ni Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa lake GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako. == Muziki == Safari ya muziki ya GeorDavie ilianza alipokuwa na miaka sita, mama yake alipompatia zawadi ya [[gitaa]]. Alijifunza mwenyewe jinsi ya kucheza gitaa. Wakati akiwa shule aliendeleza kipawa chake cha muziki kwa kuanzisha vikundi vya kusifu. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 ndipo alipoanza kurekodi muziki wake kwenye kaseti za redio. Aliendelea kujifunza namna ya kucheza vyombo mbalimbali vya muziki na staili yake ya kuimba ilidumu kuonekana ya pekee. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake '''GeorDavie''' alihamia [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] kuanzisha kanisa na kuendelea na muziki. Alipokuwa huko alianzisha bendi ya muziki iliyoitwa Fishers Band na kufungua [[studio]] ya kurekodi, The Grand House of Supreme Music. Katika hiyo studio ndiye aliyekuwa mhandisi wa kurekodi. Alikuwa akirekodi wanamuziki mbalimbali, kwaya na bendi kutoka [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mwaka 1992 alifanya tamasha lake la kwanza ambalo pia lilikuwa tamasha la kwanza la muziki wa Injili Tanzania. Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani [[Augustine Lyatonga Mrema]] alikuwa mgeni rasmi wa tamasha hilo. GeorDavie <ref>https://strictlygospel.wordpress.com/2012/04/18/mheshimiwa-geordavie-kuimba-nyimbo-za-injili Mhe. GeorDavie kuimba nyimbo za injili (Aprili 18, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> hajawahi kuuza muziki wake. Aliwahi kusema kwenye moja ya mahojiano yake kwamba anafanya muziki kwa ajili ya ufahari wa [[serikali]] tukufu ya ufalme wa Mungu. Ijapokuwa kwa sasa anajihusisha zaidi na utumishi, bado anafanya muziki kimyakimya na bendi yake GeeDee SKY Jazz. Jina lake akiwa jukwaani ni [https://www.reverbnation.com/hehongeordavie Maestro GeeDee]. == Huduma/Kanisa == Safari yake ya utumishi <ref>https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili {{Wayback|url=https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili |date=20220126120122 }} (Oktoba 2, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> ilianza mwaka 1980. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake alitumika kama mtume Tanzania, Kenya na Uganda. Mwaka 1991 alianza kufanyia kazi maono ya huduma yake ya Global Concert Church/GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo ya [[Upako]]. Alisajili huduma hiyo mwaka 1994. Hiyo ilianza kama huduma ya kuunganisha waimbaji wa muziki wa Injili wa Afrika Mashariki, kuhubiri na kufundisha neno la Mungu makanisani na kusaidia watoto wa mitaani. Mwaka 1995 alipata maono ya kuanzisha redio na mwaka 1997 alipata kisambazaji cha redio kidogo cha wati 100. Kisambazaji hicho kilimuwezesha kufikia watu waliokuwa karibu na eneo alilokuwa akirusha vipindi vyake. Mwaka 2012 alisajili rasmi redio yake ya Ngurumo Ya Upako FM. Mwaka 2018 alianzisha televisheni yake ya GeorDavie TV. Novemba 14, mwaka 1999 ndio ilikuwa mwanzo rasmi wa kanisa la GeorDavie Ministries – Ngurumo Ya Upako ambalo kwa wakati huo lilijulikana kama kanisa la Destiny. Kanisa hilo lilianzia sebuleni mwake. GeorDavie aliwahi kusema kwamba kwa wakati huo alikuwa hajaamua ataita nini kanisa lake, lakini aliliita Destiny (Kanisa la Uelekeo) akijua na kumaanisha moyoni mwake kwamba kuna mahali anakwenda. Atakapokaribia anapokwenda atajua jina rasmi la kuita kanisa lake. Mwaka 2003 alibadilisha jina la kanisa na kuliita Ngurumo Ya Upako <ref>https://4ghabari.wordpress.com/2021/03/21/watanzania-watakiwa-kujitia-nguvu-na-kuvaa-ujasiri-haswa-katika-kipindi-hiki/(Machi 21,2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref>. Kati ya mwaka 2005 hadi 2011 Mungu alimuongoza GeorDavie kufanya mikutano mikubwa <ref>https://shaabanmpalule.blogspot.com/2014/07/angalia-picha-za-maisha-ya-askofu.html (Julai 29, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> <ref>https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html |date=20220126120122 }} (Februari 25, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> na ya kihistoria ndani na nje ya nchi. Ikiwa ni pamoja na kufungua matawi ya kanisa [[Dar es Salaam]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200808181117.html AllAfrica - Arusha Times(Agosti 16, 2008). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]], [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]], [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]], [[Manyara]], [[Kilimanjaro (Moshi mjini)|Kilimanjaro]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Congo]] na [[Marekani]]. Arusha ikiwa ndio makao makuu ya kanisa ulimwenguni na [https://www.google.com/maps/place/GeorLander+City+(GLC+Royale+Palazzo)/@-3.3665198,36.5634103,15z/data=!4m9!1m2!2m1!1sgeorlander+city!3m5!1s0x1836e3a5b02e81bd:0xd74ac2aa40714f84!8m2!3d-3.3587722!4d36.5697254!15sCg9nZW9ybGFuZGVyIGNpdHmSAQ9ob3VzaW5nX2NvbXBs ikulu] ya nabii huyo. Lengo la mikutano hiyo lilikuwa kutambulisha huduma ya kinabii Tanzania kwa sababu ilikuwa ni huduma isiyojulikana. Kwa sasa kanisa lake huhudhuriwa na takriban watu 5,000 kila wiki na kupata wageni kutoka mikoa mbalimbali Tanzania na ulimwenguni kote.<ref>https://somalatest.blogspot.com/2019/04/watanzania-dumisheni-amani.html Watanzania Dumisheni Amani (Aprili 23, 2019). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> == Uamsho Marekani == Mwaka 2016 GeorDavie alifanya ziara ya kinabii nchini Marekani kwenye jimbo la California, mjini Los Angeles. Alifanya hiyo ziara kwa lengo la kuwasilisha neno alilokuwa amepewa na Mungu kuwa “Uamsho ni sasa”. Aliachilia neno hilo katika kanisa la Five-Fold ambalo awali lilijulikana kama kanisa la Advanced Anointing. Alimpaka mafuta Kathryn Krick <ref>https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ {{Wayback|url=https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ |date=20220126120121 }} Kathryn Krick Biography (Novemba 18, 2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kuwa mtume na baadaye kumteua kuwa Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa la Five-Fold. Mtume Kathryn Krick na kiongozi wa sifa (Jeanntal Marshall) walilishika hilo neno kwa uaminifu kwa takriban miaka minne hadi uamsho ulipoanza kuonekana huko Marekani mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2021. Uamsho huo umekuwa ukisambaa na kugusa watu wa mataifa mbalimbali na kuthibitisha neno lililosemwa na Nabii GeorDavie mwaka 2017. == Misaada == GeorDavie alianzisha kituo cha Lighthouse kwa ajili ya watoto wa mitaani. Pia alifanya jitihada za kutambua na kutatua changamoto ya watoto hao mjini Arusha, kanda ya kaskazini Tanzania, kwa kuwapatia chakula, mavazi, mahali pa kuishi na kuwalipia ada za shule. Kila mwaka GeorDavie husaidia vituo vya watoto yatima na vituo vya wazee <ref>https://mtazamomedia.blogspot.com/2016/12/dr-geordaviejijengeeni-tabia-ya.html WATANZANIA JIJENGEENI TABIA YA KUTOA(Desemba 26, 2016). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kwa kuwapa chakula na mahitaji mengine muhimu. Faraja, Christian Women, Samaritan Village, Kindness children care na St. John ni kati ya vituo vya watoto yatima ambavyo GeorDavie hutoa msaada. Vilevile GeorDavie amesaidia makanisa mbalimbali kwa kuwaruzuku pesa taslimu, kuwajengea maabadi yao na kuwanunulia vyombo vya muziki. Amezawadia watu mbalimbali vyombo vya usafiri ambavyo hadi sasa vimezidi mia moja.<ref>http://www.diramakini.co.tz/2021/12/nabii-mkuu-tanzania-dktgeordavie-ampa.html?m=1 NABII GEORDAVIE AMZAWADIA GOODLUCK GOZBERT MERCEDEZ BENZ Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref> === Malaika Njiani === Mwaka 2019, GeorDavie alianzisha programu inayoitwa Malaika Njiani ambayo yeye ndiye mfadhili. Lengo la programu hii ni kumruzuku pesa mtu yeyote anayepitia changamoto za maisha bila kujali dini wala kabila. Mwaka 2022, GeorDavie alijikita zaidi kwenye kugusa maisha ya watu wenye uchumi wa chini kwa kuwasaidia mitaji na vyombo vya usafiri kama bajaji ili waweze kuendesha maisha yao. Inasemekana kiasi cha fedha alichotoa hadharani kwa watu mbalimbali mwaka 2022 ni TZS 600,000,000. Hapo kwenye Kanisa la GeorDavie watu mbalimbali walianza kumuimbia, wengine wakijichora miili yao jina na picha ya GeorDavie, watu kutoka mikoa mbalimbali nchini Tanzania wakibandika picha za GeorDavie kwenye bajaji zao, wengine wakichora rangi yenye bendera ya Ngurumo Ya Upako mwilini mwao na kutembea nayo kutoka Dar mpaka Arusha, huku wasanii wakubwa nchini Tanzania na nje ya mipaka yake kama Shamsa Ford, Halima Yahya (Davina), Christina Shusho, Kidum kutoka Kenya, Mkali Wenu, Bondia Shaban Kaoneka, Mr. Pimbi, 20 Percent, Dude pamoja na viongozi mbalimbali wa serikali, akiwemo Mbunge wa Arusha mjini, Mrisho Gambo, Mbunge wa jimbo la Nsimbo, Anna Lupembe, wakijitokeza kumuongelea GeorDavie. Mambo hayo yote yalianza kujitokeza kwa ukubwa baada ya GeorDavie kugusa maisha ya watu wengi kwa kuwapa mitaji, magari, bajaji, kuwajengea nyumba. GeorDavie alianza mwaka 2023 kwa kutoa TZS 100,000,000 kwa wafanyabiashara wadogowadogo wa soko la NMC Samunge lililopo Arusha. == Tuzo == GeorDavie ametunukiwa tuzo na heshima mbalimbali, zikiwemo: * Mandela Peace Ambassador Award (Burundi, 2022)   * Ambassador of Peace (JMAT Tanzania, 2025)   * Honorary Doctorate na Professorship kutoka taasisi mbalimbali za kimataifa (2025–2026)   == Diskografia == Hizi ni albamu na nyimbo zilizotayarishwa na kurekodiwa na GeorDavie * TROUBLED MAN (2010) * Troubled Man (2010) * Lead Me Now (2010) * He Loves You And Alright (2010) * Nilikuwa Mgonjwa Sana (2010) * Preach the Word (2010) * Umenisamehe (2010) * Yesu Anakuja (2010) * Nakupenda Bwana/I Love You (2010) * Nani Atawafundisha Watoto (2010) * NGEPENDA (2000) * Ninakushukuru (2000) * Ngependa (2000) * Eeh Bwana Uniguse (2000) * Tutamuona (2000) * NILIPOTEA MBALI (1997) * Nilipotea Mbali (1997) * He's Gonna Move (1997) * Never Be Alone (1997) * Ushuhuda Wangu (1997) * Glory Hallelujah (1997) * Mene Mene (1997) * You Are Blessed - Interlude (1997) * I Love You So Much/ NAKUPENDA (1997) * In The Moment Like This (1997) * WORSHIP ALBUM (2005) * Haleluya Jehovah (2005) * Naamini Katika Upako (2005) * Naamini Haleluya (2005) * I Love You So Much (2005) * NAKUTARAJIA (2003) * Ameniokoa/Saved my Soul (2003) * Mimi Nasafiri (the last part) (2003) * Go Ye (2003) * Nakutarajia (2003) * No Time (2003) * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (2003) * Tazameni Ndege (2003) * Usipotee Njia (2003) * You Know Me Better (2003) * Siku Hizi Jamani (1986) * Wakristo Tuwe Macho (1986) * Hakuna muda wa kupoteza (1987) * Hakuna Mungu Mwengine (1987) * Nimeulizwa (1987) * Tangu Sasa (1987) * Sitapungukiwa na Kitu (1987) * Nilijaribu Mambo Mengi (1987) * Jesus Washes Me (1987) * PRINCE OF PEACE (1995) * Prince Of Peace (1995) * Keep Up (1995) * Never Pretend (1995) * Peace Of Mind (1995) * Tell Me/Wanna Know U (1995) * You Are So Special (1995) * THE FISHERS DAYLIGHT (1989) * Now I'm Satisfied (1989) * The Fishers Daylight (1989) * Ukaludie Kaya (1989) * Wamekuwepo Watu Wengi (1989) Nyimbo ambazo GeorDavie ameimba na GeeDee SKY Jazz * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (Remastered) (2016) * Preach the Word (Remastered) (2016) * Haleluyah Jehovah (Remastered) (2016) * Unatembea Mahali hapa (2016) * Yesu Anakuja (Remastered) (2016) * Skylight (2016) * Tell me (2018) * One Day Morning (2019) * Tãtã Wêtû (2019) * U r so special (Remastered) (2019) * Bwana Yu Mwema (2019) * Mbelewele (2019) * Acha Ukali Basi (2019) * Nguvu (2019) * Tuko Poa (2019) * Nashukuru (2021) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 9m1jav7ebgoem135dfj04hu6dkez9fo 1585099 1585098 2026-08-06T15:40:00Z Quinlan83 47719 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-43429-94|~2026-43429-94]] ([[User talk:~2026-43429-94|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] 1512724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = |picha = Nabii Mkuu.jpg |maelezo = |landscape = yes |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = GeorDavie |jina lingine = |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|04|25|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = |ala = |aina = Jazz |kazi yake = Nabii |miaka ya kazi = |studio = |ameshirikiana na = |tovuti = {{https://www.geordavie.org}} }} '''GeorDavie''' (alizaliwa [[Singida (mji)|Singida]], Tanzania, 25 Aprili [[1965]]), jina kamili Moses Kasambale GeorDavie, ni nabii, mwanamuziki, mwandishi, mfadhili, na mwanzilishi pamoja na kiongozi wa huduma ya GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako yenye makao makuu Arusha, Tanzania. Pia ni mwanzilishi wa redio Ngurumo Ya Upako FM na televisheni GeorDavie TV.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=HOME|url=https://www.geordavie.org/|work=geordavie|accessdate=2026-02-19|language=en}}</ref>   Ni mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, ikiwemo Keeping Up With God’s Kingdom Government Standards, The Kingdom Business, Amani na Diplomasia, na Africa Moja, Bara la Nuru. == Historia == === '''Maisha ya awali na elimu''' === GeorDavie alizaliwa Singida, Tanzania, akiwa mtoto wa Moses Kasambale na Phoebe. Alikulia Singida na baadaye kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]]. GeorDavie ana asili ya [[Wasomali|Kisomali]], [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kiitalia]]. GeorDavie alikulia Singida na baadaye akahamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kuishi na baba yake mzazi. Wazazi wake waliishi katika miji tofauti hivyo alihama mara kwa mara alipokuwa mdogo. Bibi yake Mary ni kati ya watu waliomlea. Akiwa na miaka mitano tu alianza kutoa unabii nao ulitimia kama alivyosema. Alipata elimu ya sekondari katika shule ya St. Andrews Minaki, Pwani. Baadaye alihudhuria mafunzo ya umisionari katika taasisi ya [https://ywam.org Youth With A Mission (YWAM)] huko Mombasa, [[Kenya]] kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1986. Aidha, alishiriki programu ya mafunzo ya huduma katika Destiny Christian Center, [[Minnesota|Minnesota, Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2012. GeorDavie ana shahada na vyeti mbalimbali, ikiwemo: * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Church Ministries na Organizational Capacity, American University, Marekani (2013)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2025)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika International Relations and Diplomacy (2025) * Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2022)   * Shahada ya Kwanza katika International Relations and Theology (2019)   Mwaka 2025 alitunukiwa pia Uprofesa katika Uongozi na Usimamizi na taasisi mbalimbali za Kitheolojia.   === Maisha binafsi === Mwaka [[1988]] [[GeorDavie]] alimuoa Anna Davie, pamoja wana watoto watatu, Nic <ref>http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html {{Wayback|url=http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html |date=20220126120121 }} Nisher amshukuru Baba yake (Februari 29, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, Ken na Monica. Mke wake Anna Davie ni Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa lake GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako. == Muziki == Safari ya muziki ya GeorDavie ilianza alipokuwa na miaka sita, mama yake alipompatia zawadi ya [[gitaa]]. Alijifunza mwenyewe jinsi ya kucheza gitaa. Wakati akiwa shule aliendeleza kipawa chake cha muziki kwa kuanzisha vikundi vya kusifu. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 ndipo alipoanza kurekodi muziki wake kwenye kaseti za redio. Aliendelea kujifunza namna ya kucheza vyombo mbalimbali vya muziki na staili yake ya kuimba ilidumu kuonekana ya pekee. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake '''GeorDavie''' alihamia [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] kuanzisha kanisa na kuendelea na muziki. Alipokuwa huko alianzisha bendi ya muziki iliyoitwa Fishers Band na kufungua [[studio]] ya kurekodi, The Grand House of Supreme Music. Katika hiyo studio ndiye aliyekuwa mhandisi wa kurekodi. Alikuwa akirekodi wanamuziki mbalimbali, kwaya na bendi kutoka [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mwaka 1992 alifanya tamasha lake la kwanza ambalo pia lilikuwa tamasha la kwanza la muziki wa Injili Tanzania. Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani [[Augustine Lyatonga Mrema]] alikuwa mgeni rasmi wa tamasha hilo. GeorDavie <ref>https://strictlygospel.wordpress.com/2012/04/18/mheshimiwa-geordavie-kuimba-nyimbo-za-injili Mhe. GeorDavie kuimba nyimbo za injili (Aprili 18, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> hajawahi kuuza muziki wake. Aliwahi kusema kwenye moja ya mahojiano yake kwamba anafanya muziki kwa ajili ya ufahari wa [[serikali]] tukufu ya ufalme wa Mungu. Ijapokuwa kwa sasa anajihusisha zaidi na utumishi, bado anafanya muziki kimyakimya na bendi yake GeeDee SKY Jazz. Jina lake akiwa jukwaani ni [https://www.reverbnation.com/hehongeordavie Maestro GeeDee]. == Huduma/Kanisa == Safari yake ya utumishi <ref>https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili {{Wayback|url=https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili |date=20220126120122 }} (Oktoba 2, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> ilianza mwaka 1980. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake alitumika kama mtume Tanzania, Kenya na Uganda. Mwaka 1991 alianza kufanyia kazi maono ya huduma yake ya Global Concert Church/GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo ya [[Upako]]. Alisajili huduma hiyo mwaka 1994. Hiyo ilianza kama huduma ya kuunganisha waimbaji wa muziki wa Injili wa Afrika Mashariki, kuhubiri na kufundisha neno la Mungu makanisani na kusaidia watoto wa mitaani. Mwaka 1995 alipata maono ya kuanzisha redio na mwaka 1997 alipata kisambazaji cha redio kidogo cha wati 100. Kisambazaji hicho kilimuwezesha kufikia watu waliokuwa karibu na eneo alilokuwa akirusha vipindi vyake. Mwaka 2012 alisajili rasmi redio yake ya Ngurumo Ya Upako FM. Mwaka 2018 alianzisha televisheni yake ya GeorDavie TV. Novemba 14, mwaka 1999 ndio ilikuwa mwanzo rasmi wa kanisa la GeorDavie Ministries – Ngurumo Ya Upako ambalo kwa wakati huo lilijulikana kama kanisa la Destiny. Kanisa hilo lilianzia sebuleni mwake. GeorDavie aliwahi kusema kwamba kwa wakati huo alikuwa hajaamua ataita nini kanisa lake, lakini aliliita Destiny (Kanisa la Uelekeo) akijua na kumaanisha moyoni mwake kwamba kuna mahali anakwenda. Atakapokaribia anapokwenda atajua jina rasmi la kuita kanisa lake. Mwaka 2003 alibadilisha jina la kanisa na kuliita Ngurumo Ya Upako <ref>https://4ghabari.wordpress.com/2021/03/21/watanzania-watakiwa-kujitia-nguvu-na-kuvaa-ujasiri-haswa-katika-kipindi-hiki/(Machi 21,2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref>. Kati ya mwaka 2005 hadi 2011 Mungu alimuongoza GeorDavie kufanya mikutano mikubwa <ref>https://shaabanmpalule.blogspot.com/2014/07/angalia-picha-za-maisha-ya-askofu.html (Julai 29, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> <ref>https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html |date=20220126120122 }} (Februari 25, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> na ya kihistoria ndani na nje ya nchi. Ikiwa ni pamoja na kufungua matawi ya kanisa [[Dar es Salaam]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200808181117.html AllAfrica - Arusha Times(Agosti 16, 2008). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]], [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]], [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]], [[Manyara]], [[Kilimanjaro (Moshi mjini)|Kilimanjaro]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Congo]] na [[Marekani]]. Arusha ikiwa ndio makao makuu ya kanisa ulimwenguni na [https://www.google.com/maps/place/GeorLander+City+(GLC+Royale+Palazzo)/@-3.3665198,36.5634103,15z/data=!4m9!1m2!2m1!1sgeorlander+city!3m5!1s0x1836e3a5b02e81bd:0xd74ac2aa40714f84!8m2!3d-3.3587722!4d36.5697254!15sCg9nZW9ybGFuZGVyIGNpdHmSAQ9ob3VzaW5nX2NvbXBs ikulu] ya nabii huyo. Lengo la mikutano hiyo lilikuwa kutambulisha huduma ya kinabii Tanzania kwa sababu ilikuwa ni huduma isiyojulikana. Kwa sasa kanisa lake huhudhuriwa na takriban watu 5,000 kila wiki na kupata wageni kutoka mikoa mbalimbali Tanzania na ulimwenguni kote.<ref>https://somalatest.blogspot.com/2019/04/watanzania-dumisheni-amani.html Watanzania Dumisheni Amani (Aprili 23, 2019). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> == Uamsho Marekani == Mwaka 2016 GeorDavie alifanya ziara ya kinabii nchini Marekani kwenye jimbo la California, mjini Los Angeles. Alifanya hiyo ziara kwa lengo la kuwasilisha neno alilokuwa amepewa na Mungu kuwa “Uamsho ni sasa”. Aliachilia neno hilo katika kanisa la Five-Fold ambalo awali lilijulikana kama kanisa la Advanced Anointing. Alimpaka mafuta Kathryn Krick <ref>https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ {{Wayback|url=https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ |date=20220126120121 }} Kathryn Krick Biography (Novemba 18, 2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kuwa mtume na baadaye kumteua kuwa Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa la Five-Fold. Mtume Kathryn Krick na kiongozi wa sifa (Jeanntal Marshall) walilishika hilo neno kwa uaminifu kwa takriban miaka minne hadi uamsho ulipoanza kuonekana huko Marekani mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2021. Uamsho huo umekuwa ukisambaa na kugusa watu wa mataifa mbalimbali na kuthibitisha neno lililosemwa na Nabii GeorDavie mwaka 2017. == Misaada == GeorDavie alianzisha kituo cha Lighthouse kwa ajili ya watoto wa mitaani. Pia alifanya jitihada za kutambua na kutatua changamoto ya watoto hao mjini Arusha, kanda ya kaskazini Tanzania, kwa kuwapatia chakula, mavazi, mahali pa kuishi na kuwalipia ada za shule. Kila mwaka GeorDavie husaidia vituo vya watoto yatima na vituo vya wazee <ref>https://mtazamomedia.blogspot.com/2016/12/dr-geordaviejijengeeni-tabia-ya.html WATANZANIA JIJENGEENI TABIA YA KUTOA(Desemba 26, 2016). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kwa kuwapa chakula na mahitaji mengine muhimu. Faraja, Christian Women, Samaritan Village, Kindness children care na St. John ni kati ya vituo vya watoto yatima ambavyo GeorDavie hutoa msaada. Vilevile GeorDavie amesaidia makanisa mbalimbali kwa kuwaruzuku pesa taslimu, kuwajengea maabadi yao na kuwanunulia vyombo vya muziki. Amezawadia watu mbalimbali vyombo vya usafiri ambavyo hadi sasa vimezidi mia moja.<ref>http://www.diramakini.co.tz/2021/12/nabii-mkuu-tanzania-dktgeordavie-ampa.html?m=1 NABII GEORDAVIE AMZAWADIA GOODLUCK GOZBERT MERCEDEZ BENZ Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref> === Malaika Njiani === Mwaka 2019, GeorDavie alianzisha programu inayoitwa Malaika Njiani ambayo yeye ndiye mfadhili. Lengo la programu hii ni kumruzuku pesa mtu yeyote anayepitia changamoto za maisha bila kujali dini wala kabila. Mwaka 2022, GeorDavie alijikita zaidi kwenye kugusa maisha ya watu wenye uchumi wa chini kwa kuwasaidia mitaji na vyombo vya usafiri kama bajaji ili waweze kuendesha maisha yao. Inasemekana kiasi cha fedha alichotoa hadharani kwa watu mbalimbali mwaka 2022 ni TZS 600,000,000. Hapo kwenye Kanisa la GeorDavie watu mbalimbali walianza kumuimbia, wengine wakijichora miili yao jina na picha ya GeorDavie, watu kutoka mikoa mbalimbali nchini Tanzania wakibandika picha za GeorDavie kwenye bajaji zao, wengine wakichora rangi yenye bendera ya Ngurumo Ya Upako mwilini mwao na kutembea nayo kutoka Dar mpaka Arusha, huku wasanii wakubwa nchini Tanzania na nje ya mipaka yake kama Shamsa Ford, Halima Yahya (Davina), Christina Shusho, Kidum kutoka Kenya, Mkali Wenu, Bondia Shaban Kaoneka, Mr. Pimbi, 20 Percent, Dude pamoja na viongozi mbalimbali wa serikali, akiwemo Mbunge wa Arusha mjini, Mrisho Gambo, Mbunge wa jimbo la Nsimbo, Anna Lupembe, wakijitokeza kumuongelea GeorDavie. Mambo hayo yote yalianza kujitokeza kwa ukubwa baada ya GeorDavie kugusa maisha ya watu wengi kwa kuwapa mitaji, magari, bajaji, kuwajengea nyumba. GeorDavie alianza mwaka 2023 kwa kutoa TZS 100,000,000 kwa wafanyabiashara wadogowadogo wa soko la NMC Samunge lililopo Arusha. == Tuzo == GeorDavie ametunukiwa tuzo na heshima mbalimbali, zikiwemo: * Mandela Peace Ambassador Award (Burundi, 2022)   * Ambassador of Peace (JMAT Tanzania, 2025)   * Honorary Doctorate na Professorship kutoka taasisi mbalimbali za kimataifa (2025–2026)   == Diskografia == Hizi ni albamu na nyimbo zilizotayarishwa na kurekodiwa na GeorDavie * TROUBLED MAN (2010) * Troubled Man (2010) * Lead Me Now (2010) * He Loves You And Alright (2010) * Nilikuwa Mgonjwa Sana (2010) * Preach the Word (2010) * Umenisamehe (2010) * Yesu Anakuja (2010) * Nakupenda Bwana/I Love You (2010) * Nani Atawafundisha Watoto (2010) * NGEPENDA (2000) * Ninakushukuru (2000) * Ngependa (2000) * Eeh Bwana Uniguse (2000) * Tutamuona (2000) * NILIPOTEA MBALI (1997) * Nilipotea Mbali (1997) * He's Gonna Move (1997) * Never Be Alone (1997) * Ushuhuda Wangu (1997) * Glory Hallelujah (1997) * Mene Mene (1997) * You Are Blessed - Interlude (1997) * I Love You So Much/ NAKUPENDA (1997) * In The Moment Like This (1997) * WORSHIP ALBUM (2005) * Haleluya Jehovah (2005) * Naamini Katika Upako (2005) * Naamini Haleluya (2005) * I Love You So Much (2005) * NAKUTARAJIA (2003) * Ameniokoa/Saved my Soul (2003) * Mimi Nasafiri (the last part) (2003) * Go Ye (2003) * Nakutarajia (2003) * No Time (2003) * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (2003) * Tazameni Ndege (2003) * Usipotee Njia (2003) * You Know Me Better (2003) * Siku Hizi Jamani (1986) * Wakristo Tuwe Macho (1986) * Hakuna muda wa kupoteza (1987) * Hakuna Mungu Mwengine (1987) * Nimeulizwa (1987) * Tangu Sasa (1987) * Sitapungukiwa na Kitu (1987) * Nilijaribu Mambo Mengi (1987) * Jesus Washes Me (1987) * PRINCE OF PEACE (1995) * Prince Of Peace (1995) * Keep Up (1995) * Never Pretend (1995) * Peace Of Mind (1995) * Tell Me/Wanna Know U (1995) * You Are So Special (1995) * THE FISHERS DAYLIGHT (1989) * Now I'm Satisfied (1989) * The Fishers Daylight (1989) * Ukaludie Kaya (1989) * Wamekuwepo Watu Wengi (1989) Nyimbo ambazo GeorDavie ameimba na GeeDee SKY Jazz * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (Remastered) (2016) * Preach the Word (Remastered) (2016) * Haleluyah Jehovah (Remastered) (2016) * Unatembea Mahali hapa (2016) * Yesu Anakuja (Remastered) (2016) * Skylight (2016) * Tell me (2018) * One Day Morning (2019) * Tãtã Wêtû (2019) * U r so special (Remastered) (2019) * Bwana Yu Mwema (2019) * Mbelewele (2019) * Acha Ukali Basi (2019) * Nguvu (2019) * Tuko Poa (2019) * Nashukuru (2021) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 47w5y92pboujj26h3hj690abgwc4d6t 1585114 1585099 2026-08-06T18:24:33Z ~2026-43407-81 91467 /* (tip) */ 1585114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = |picha = Nabii Mkuu.jpg |maelezo = |landscape = yes |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = GeorDavie |jina lingine = |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|04|25|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = |ala = |aina = Jazz |kazi yake = Nabii |miaka ya kazi = |studio = |ameshirikiana na = |tovuti = {{https://www.geordavie.org}} }} '''GeorDavie''' (alizaliwa [[Singida (mji)|Singida]], Tanzania, 25 Aprili [[1965]]), jina kamili Moses Kasambale GeorDavie, ni nabii, mwanamuziki, mwandishi, mfadhili, na mwanzilishi pamoja na kiongozi wa huduma ya GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako yenye makao makuu Arusha, Tanzania. Pia ni mwanzilishi wa redio Ngurumo Ya Upako FM na televisheni GeorDavie TV.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=HOME|url=https://www.geordavie.org/|work=geordavie|accessdate=2026-02-19|language=en}}</ref>  Cult leader. Ni mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, ikiwemo Keeping Up With God’s Kingdom Government Standards, The Kingdom Business, Amani na Diplomasia, na Africa Moja, Bara la Nuru. == Historia == === '''Maisha ya awali na elimu''' === GeorDavie alizaliwa Singida, Tanzania, akiwa mtoto wa Moses Kasambale na Phoebe. Alikulia Singida na baadaye kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]]. GeorDavie ana asili ya [[Wasomali|Kisomali]], [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kiitalia]]. GeorDavie alikulia Singida na baadaye akahamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kuishi na baba yake mzazi. Wazazi wake waliishi katika miji tofauti hivyo alihama mara kwa mara alipokuwa mdogo. Bibi yake Mary ni kati ya watu waliomlea. Akiwa na miaka mitano tu alianza kutoa unabii nao ulitimia kama alivyosema. Alipata elimu ya sekondari katika shule ya St. Andrews Minaki, Pwani. Baadaye alihudhuria mafunzo ya umisionari katika taasisi ya [https://ywam.org Youth With A Mission (YWAM)] huko Mombasa, [[Kenya]] kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1986. Aidha, alishiriki programu ya mafunzo ya huduma katika Destiny Christian Center, [[Minnesota|Minnesota, Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2012. GeorDavie ana shahada na vyeti mbalimbali, ikiwemo: * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Church Ministries na Organizational Capacity, American University, Marekani (2013)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2025)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika International Relations and Diplomacy (2025) * Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2022)   * Shahada ya Kwanza katika International Relations and Theology (2019)   Mwaka 2025 alitunukiwa pia Uprofesa katika Uongozi na Usimamizi na taasisi mbalimbali za Kitheolojia.   === Maisha binafsi === Mwaka [[1988]] [[GeorDavie]] alimuoa Anna Davie, pamoja wana watoto watatu, Nic <ref>http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html {{Wayback|url=http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html |date=20220126120121 }} Nisher amshukuru Baba yake (Februari 29, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, Ken na Monica. Mke wake Anna Davie ni Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa lake GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako. == Muziki == Safari ya muziki ya GeorDavie ilianza alipokuwa na miaka sita, mama yake alipompatia zawadi ya [[gitaa]]. Alijifunza mwenyewe jinsi ya kucheza gitaa. Wakati akiwa shule aliendeleza kipawa chake cha muziki kwa kuanzisha vikundi vya kusifu. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 ndipo alipoanza kurekodi muziki wake kwenye kaseti za redio. Aliendelea kujifunza namna ya kucheza vyombo mbalimbali vya muziki na staili yake ya kuimba ilidumu kuonekana ya pekee. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake '''GeorDavie''' alihamia [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] kuanzisha kanisa na kuendelea na muziki. Alipokuwa huko alianzisha bendi ya muziki iliyoitwa Fishers Band na kufungua [[studio]] ya kurekodi, The Grand House of Supreme Music. Katika hiyo studio ndiye aliyekuwa mhandisi wa kurekodi. Alikuwa akirekodi wanamuziki mbalimbali, kwaya na bendi kutoka [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mwaka 1992 alifanya tamasha lake la kwanza ambalo pia lilikuwa tamasha la kwanza la muziki wa Injili Tanzania. Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani [[Augustine Lyatonga Mrema]] alikuwa mgeni rasmi wa tamasha hilo. GeorDavie <ref>https://strictlygospel.wordpress.com/2012/04/18/mheshimiwa-geordavie-kuimba-nyimbo-za-injili Mhe. GeorDavie kuimba nyimbo za injili (Aprili 18, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> hajawahi kuuza muziki wake. Aliwahi kusema kwenye moja ya mahojiano yake kwamba anafanya muziki kwa ajili ya ufahari wa [[serikali]] tukufu ya ufalme wa Mungu. Ijapokuwa kwa sasa anajihusisha zaidi na utumishi, bado anafanya muziki kimyakimya na bendi yake GeeDee SKY Jazz. Jina lake akiwa jukwaani ni [https://www.reverbnation.com/hehongeordavie Maestro GeeDee]. == Huduma/Kanisa == Safari yake ya utumishi <ref>https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili {{Wayback|url=https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili |date=20220126120122 }} (Oktoba 2, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> ilianza mwaka 1980. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake alitumika kama mtume Tanzania, Kenya na Uganda. Mwaka 1991 alianza kufanyia kazi maono ya huduma yake ya Global Concert Church/GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo ya [[Upako]]. Alisajili huduma hiyo mwaka 1994. Hiyo ilianza kama huduma ya kuunganisha waimbaji wa muziki wa Injili wa Afrika Mashariki, kuhubiri na kufundisha neno la Mungu makanisani na kusaidia watoto wa mitaani. Mwaka 1995 alipata maono ya kuanzisha redio na mwaka 1997 alipata kisambazaji cha redio kidogo cha wati 100. Kisambazaji hicho kilimuwezesha kufikia watu waliokuwa karibu na eneo alilokuwa akirusha vipindi vyake. Mwaka 2012 alisajili rasmi redio yake ya Ngurumo Ya Upako FM. Mwaka 2018 alianzisha televisheni yake ya GeorDavie TV. Novemba 14, mwaka 1999 ndio ilikuwa mwanzo rasmi wa kanisa la GeorDavie Ministries – Ngurumo Ya Upako ambalo kwa wakati huo lilijulikana kama kanisa la Destiny. Kanisa hilo lilianzia sebuleni mwake. GeorDavie aliwahi kusema kwamba kwa wakati huo alikuwa hajaamua ataita nini kanisa lake, lakini aliliita Destiny (Kanisa la Uelekeo) akijua na kumaanisha moyoni mwake kwamba kuna mahali anakwenda. Atakapokaribia anapokwenda atajua jina rasmi la kuita kanisa lake. Mwaka 2003 alibadilisha jina la kanisa na kuliita Ngurumo Ya Upako <ref>https://4ghabari.wordpress.com/2021/03/21/watanzania-watakiwa-kujitia-nguvu-na-kuvaa-ujasiri-haswa-katika-kipindi-hiki/(Machi 21,2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref>. Kati ya mwaka 2005 hadi 2011 Mungu alimuongoza GeorDavie kufanya mikutano mikubwa <ref>https://shaabanmpalule.blogspot.com/2014/07/angalia-picha-za-maisha-ya-askofu.html (Julai 29, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> <ref>https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html |date=20220126120122 }} (Februari 25, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> na ya kihistoria ndani na nje ya nchi. Ikiwa ni pamoja na kufungua matawi ya kanisa [[Dar es Salaam]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200808181117.html AllAfrica - Arusha Times(Agosti 16, 2008). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]], [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]], [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]], [[Manyara]], [[Kilimanjaro (Moshi mjini)|Kilimanjaro]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Congo]] na [[Marekani]]. Arusha ikiwa ndio makao makuu ya kanisa ulimwenguni na [https://www.google.com/maps/place/GeorLander+City+(GLC+Royale+Palazzo)/@-3.3665198,36.5634103,15z/data=!4m9!1m2!2m1!1sgeorlander+city!3m5!1s0x1836e3a5b02e81bd:0xd74ac2aa40714f84!8m2!3d-3.3587722!4d36.5697254!15sCg9nZW9ybGFuZGVyIGNpdHmSAQ9ob3VzaW5nX2NvbXBs ikulu] ya nabii huyo. Lengo la mikutano hiyo lilikuwa kutambulisha huduma ya kinabii Tanzania kwa sababu ilikuwa ni huduma isiyojulikana. Kwa sasa kanisa lake huhudhuriwa na takriban watu 5,000 kila wiki na kupata wageni kutoka mikoa mbalimbali Tanzania na ulimwenguni kote.<ref>https://somalatest.blogspot.com/2019/04/watanzania-dumisheni-amani.html Watanzania Dumisheni Amani (Aprili 23, 2019). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> == Uamsho Marekani == Mwaka 2016 GeorDavie alifanya ziara ya kinabii nchini Marekani kwenye jimbo la California, mjini Los Angeles. Alifanya hiyo ziara kwa lengo la kuwasilisha neno alilokuwa amepewa na Mungu kuwa “Uamsho ni sasa”. Aliachilia neno hilo katika kanisa la Five-Fold ambalo awali lilijulikana kama kanisa la Advanced Anointing. Alimpaka mafuta Kathryn Krick <ref>https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ {{Wayback|url=https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ |date=20220126120121 }} Kathryn Krick Biography (Novemba 18, 2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kuwa mtume na baadaye kumteua kuwa Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa la Five-Fold. Mtume Kathryn Krick na kiongozi wa sifa (Jeanntal Marshall) walilishika hilo neno kwa uaminifu kwa takriban miaka minne hadi uamsho ulipoanza kuonekana huko Marekani mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2021. Uamsho huo umekuwa ukisambaa na kugusa watu wa mataifa mbalimbali na kuthibitisha neno lililosemwa na Nabii GeorDavie mwaka 2017. == Misaada == GeorDavie alianzisha kituo cha Lighthouse kwa ajili ya watoto wa mitaani. Pia alifanya jitihada za kutambua na kutatua changamoto ya watoto hao mjini Arusha, kanda ya kaskazini Tanzania, kwa kuwapatia chakula, mavazi, mahali pa kuishi na kuwalipia ada za shule. Kila mwaka GeorDavie husaidia vituo vya watoto yatima na vituo vya wazee <ref>https://mtazamomedia.blogspot.com/2016/12/dr-geordaviejijengeeni-tabia-ya.html WATANZANIA JIJENGEENI TABIA YA KUTOA(Desemba 26, 2016). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kwa kuwapa chakula na mahitaji mengine muhimu. Faraja, Christian Women, Samaritan Village, Kindness children care na St. John ni kati ya vituo vya watoto yatima ambavyo GeorDavie hutoa msaada. Vilevile GeorDavie amesaidia makanisa mbalimbali kwa kuwaruzuku pesa taslimu, kuwajengea maabadi yao na kuwanunulia vyombo vya muziki. Amezawadia watu mbalimbali vyombo vya usafiri ambavyo hadi sasa vimezidi mia moja.<ref>http://www.diramakini.co.tz/2021/12/nabii-mkuu-tanzania-dktgeordavie-ampa.html?m=1 NABII GEORDAVIE AMZAWADIA GOODLUCK GOZBERT MERCEDEZ BENZ Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref> === Malaika Njiani === Mwaka 2019, GeorDavie alianzisha programu inayoitwa Malaika Njiani ambayo yeye ndiye mfadhili. Lengo la programu hii ni kumruzuku pesa mtu yeyote anayepitia changamoto za maisha bila kujali dini wala kabila. Mwaka 2022, GeorDavie alijikita zaidi kwenye kugusa maisha ya watu wenye uchumi wa chini kwa kuwasaidia mitaji na vyombo vya usafiri kama bajaji ili waweze kuendesha maisha yao. Inasemekana kiasi cha fedha alichotoa hadharani kwa watu mbalimbali mwaka 2022 ni TZS 600,000,000. Hapo kwenye Kanisa la GeorDavie watu mbalimbali walianza kumuimbia, wengine wakijichora miili yao jina na picha ya GeorDavie, watu kutoka mikoa mbalimbali nchini Tanzania wakibandika picha za GeorDavie kwenye bajaji zao, wengine wakichora rangi yenye bendera ya Ngurumo Ya Upako mwilini mwao na kutembea nayo kutoka Dar mpaka Arusha, huku wasanii wakubwa nchini Tanzania na nje ya mipaka yake kama Shamsa Ford, Halima Yahya (Davina), Christina Shusho, Kidum kutoka Kenya, Mkali Wenu, Bondia Shaban Kaoneka, Mr. Pimbi, 20 Percent, Dude pamoja na viongozi mbalimbali wa serikali, akiwemo Mbunge wa Arusha mjini, Mrisho Gambo, Mbunge wa jimbo la Nsimbo, Anna Lupembe, wakijitokeza kumuongelea GeorDavie. Mambo hayo yote yalianza kujitokeza kwa ukubwa baada ya GeorDavie kugusa maisha ya watu wengi kwa kuwapa mitaji, magari, bajaji, kuwajengea nyumba. GeorDavie alianza mwaka 2023 kwa kutoa TZS 100,000,000 kwa wafanyabiashara wadogowadogo wa soko la NMC Samunge lililopo Arusha. == Tuzo == GeorDavie ametunukiwa tuzo na heshima mbalimbali, zikiwemo: * Mandela Peace Ambassador Award (Burundi, 2022)   * Ambassador of Peace (JMAT Tanzania, 2025)   * Honorary Doctorate na Professorship kutoka taasisi mbalimbali za kimataifa (2025–2026)   == Diskografia == Hizi ni albamu na nyimbo zilizotayarishwa na kurekodiwa na GeorDavie * TROUBLED MAN (2010) * Troubled Man (2010) * Lead Me Now (2010) * He Loves You And Alright (2010) * Nilikuwa Mgonjwa Sana (2010) * Preach the Word (2010) * Umenisamehe (2010) * Yesu Anakuja (2010) * Nakupenda Bwana/I Love You (2010) * Nani Atawafundisha Watoto (2010) * NGEPENDA (2000) * Ninakushukuru (2000) * Ngependa (2000) * Eeh Bwana Uniguse (2000) * Tutamuona (2000) * NILIPOTEA MBALI (1997) * Nilipotea Mbali (1997) * He's Gonna Move (1997) * Never Be Alone (1997) * Ushuhuda Wangu (1997) * Glory Hallelujah (1997) * Mene Mene (1997) * You Are Blessed - Interlude (1997) * I Love You So Much/ NAKUPENDA (1997) * In The Moment Like This (1997) * WORSHIP ALBUM (2005) * Haleluya Jehovah (2005) * Naamini Katika Upako (2005) * Naamini Haleluya (2005) * I Love You So Much (2005) * NAKUTARAJIA (2003) * Ameniokoa/Saved my Soul (2003) * Mimi Nasafiri (the last part) (2003) * Go Ye (2003) * Nakutarajia (2003) * No Time (2003) * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (2003) * Tazameni Ndege (2003) * Usipotee Njia (2003) * You Know Me Better (2003) * Siku Hizi Jamani (1986) * Wakristo Tuwe Macho (1986) * Hakuna muda wa kupoteza (1987) * Hakuna Mungu Mwengine (1987) * Nimeulizwa (1987) * Tangu Sasa (1987) * Sitapungukiwa na Kitu (1987) * Nilijaribu Mambo Mengi (1987) * Jesus Washes Me (1987) * PRINCE OF PEACE (1995) * Prince Of Peace (1995) * Keep Up (1995) * Never Pretend (1995) * Peace Of Mind (1995) * Tell Me/Wanna Know U (1995) * You Are So Special (1995) * THE FISHERS DAYLIGHT (1989) * Now I'm Satisfied (1989) * The Fishers Daylight (1989) * Ukaludie Kaya (1989) * Wamekuwepo Watu Wengi (1989) Nyimbo ambazo GeorDavie ameimba na GeeDee SKY Jazz * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (Remastered) (2016) * Preach the Word (Remastered) (2016) * Haleluyah Jehovah (Remastered) (2016) * Unatembea Mahali hapa (2016) * Yesu Anakuja (Remastered) (2016) * Skylight (2016) * Tell me (2018) * One Day Morning (2019) * Tãtã Wêtû (2019) * U r so special (Remastered) (2019) * Bwana Yu Mwema (2019) * Mbelewele (2019) * Acha Ukali Basi (2019) * Nguvu (2019) * Tuko Poa (2019) * Nashukuru (2021) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 9m1jav7ebgoem135dfj04hu6dkez9fo 1585116 1585114 2026-08-06T18:36:48Z NDG 79979 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2026-43407-81|~2026-43407-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-43407-81|talk]]) to last version by Quinlan83: test edits, please use the sandbox 1512724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 |jina = |picha = Nabii Mkuu.jpg |maelezo = |landscape = yes |background = solo_singer |jina la kuzaliwa = GeorDavie |jina lingine = |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|04|25|df=yes}} |mahali pa kuzaliwa = |ala = |aina = Jazz |kazi yake = Nabii |miaka ya kazi = |studio = |ameshirikiana na = |tovuti = {{https://www.geordavie.org}} }} '''GeorDavie''' (alizaliwa [[Singida (mji)|Singida]], Tanzania, 25 Aprili [[1965]]), jina kamili Moses Kasambale GeorDavie, ni nabii, mwanamuziki, mwandishi, mfadhili, na mwanzilishi pamoja na kiongozi wa huduma ya GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako yenye makao makuu Arusha, Tanzania. Pia ni mwanzilishi wa redio Ngurumo Ya Upako FM na televisheni GeorDavie TV.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=HOME|url=https://www.geordavie.org/|work=geordavie|accessdate=2026-02-19|language=en}}</ref>   Ni mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, ikiwemo Keeping Up With God’s Kingdom Government Standards, The Kingdom Business, Amani na Diplomasia, na Africa Moja, Bara la Nuru. == Historia == === '''Maisha ya awali na elimu''' === GeorDavie alizaliwa Singida, Tanzania, akiwa mtoto wa Moses Kasambale na Phoebe. Alikulia Singida na baadaye kuhamia [[Dar es Salaam]]. GeorDavie ana asili ya [[Wasomali|Kisomali]], [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kiitalia]]. GeorDavie alikulia Singida na baadaye akahamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] kuishi na baba yake mzazi. Wazazi wake waliishi katika miji tofauti hivyo alihama mara kwa mara alipokuwa mdogo. Bibi yake Mary ni kati ya watu waliomlea. Akiwa na miaka mitano tu alianza kutoa unabii nao ulitimia kama alivyosema. Alipata elimu ya sekondari katika shule ya St. Andrews Minaki, Pwani. Baadaye alihudhuria mafunzo ya umisionari katika taasisi ya [https://ywam.org Youth With A Mission (YWAM)] huko Mombasa, [[Kenya]] kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1986. Aidha, alishiriki programu ya mafunzo ya huduma katika Destiny Christian Center, [[Minnesota|Minnesota, Marekani]] kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2012. GeorDavie ana shahada na vyeti mbalimbali, ikiwemo: * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Church Ministries na Organizational Capacity, American University, Marekani (2013)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2025)   * Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika International Relations and Diplomacy (2025) * Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Christian Business Administration and Leadership (2022)   * Shahada ya Kwanza katika International Relations and Theology (2019)   Mwaka 2025 alitunukiwa pia Uprofesa katika Uongozi na Usimamizi na taasisi mbalimbali za Kitheolojia.   === Maisha binafsi === Mwaka [[1988]] [[GeorDavie]] alimuoa Anna Davie, pamoja wana watoto watatu, Nic <ref>http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html {{Wayback|url=http://hosannainc.blogspot.com/2012/02/mtoto-wa-nabii-geordavie-aitwaye-nisher.html |date=20220126120121 }} Nisher amshukuru Baba yake (Februari 29, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, Ken na Monica. Mke wake Anna Davie ni Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa lake GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo Ya Upako. == Muziki == Safari ya muziki ya GeorDavie ilianza alipokuwa na miaka sita, mama yake alipompatia zawadi ya [[gitaa]]. Alijifunza mwenyewe jinsi ya kucheza gitaa. Wakati akiwa shule aliendeleza kipawa chake cha muziki kwa kuanzisha vikundi vya kusifu. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 ndipo alipoanza kurekodi muziki wake kwenye kaseti za redio. Aliendelea kujifunza namna ya kucheza vyombo mbalimbali vya muziki na staili yake ya kuimba ilidumu kuonekana ya pekee. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake '''GeorDavie''' alihamia [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] kuanzisha kanisa na kuendelea na muziki. Alipokuwa huko alianzisha bendi ya muziki iliyoitwa Fishers Band na kufungua [[studio]] ya kurekodi, The Grand House of Supreme Music. Katika hiyo studio ndiye aliyekuwa mhandisi wa kurekodi. Alikuwa akirekodi wanamuziki mbalimbali, kwaya na bendi kutoka [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]. Mwaka 1992 alifanya tamasha lake la kwanza ambalo pia lilikuwa tamasha la kwanza la muziki wa Injili Tanzania. Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani [[Augustine Lyatonga Mrema]] alikuwa mgeni rasmi wa tamasha hilo. GeorDavie <ref>https://strictlygospel.wordpress.com/2012/04/18/mheshimiwa-geordavie-kuimba-nyimbo-za-injili Mhe. GeorDavie kuimba nyimbo za injili (Aprili 18, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> hajawahi kuuza muziki wake. Aliwahi kusema kwenye moja ya mahojiano yake kwamba anafanya muziki kwa ajili ya ufahari wa [[serikali]] tukufu ya ufalme wa Mungu. Ijapokuwa kwa sasa anajihusisha zaidi na utumishi, bado anafanya muziki kimyakimya na bendi yake GeeDee SKY Jazz. Jina lake akiwa jukwaani ni [https://www.reverbnation.com/hehongeordavie Maestro GeeDee]. == Huduma/Kanisa == Safari yake ya utumishi <ref>https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili {{Wayback|url=https://tulonge.ning.com/profiles/blogs/nabii-geordavie-awa-mtumishi-wa-kwanza-kununua-helkopta-kwa-ajili |date=20220126120122 }} (Oktoba 2, 2012). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> ilianza mwaka 1980. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake alitumika kama mtume Tanzania, Kenya na Uganda. Mwaka 1991 alianza kufanyia kazi maono ya huduma yake ya Global Concert Church/GeorDavie Ministries International – Ngurumo ya [[Upako]]. Alisajili huduma hiyo mwaka 1994. Hiyo ilianza kama huduma ya kuunganisha waimbaji wa muziki wa Injili wa Afrika Mashariki, kuhubiri na kufundisha neno la Mungu makanisani na kusaidia watoto wa mitaani. Mwaka 1995 alipata maono ya kuanzisha redio na mwaka 1997 alipata kisambazaji cha redio kidogo cha wati 100. Kisambazaji hicho kilimuwezesha kufikia watu waliokuwa karibu na eneo alilokuwa akirusha vipindi vyake. Mwaka 2012 alisajili rasmi redio yake ya Ngurumo Ya Upako FM. Mwaka 2018 alianzisha televisheni yake ya GeorDavie TV. Novemba 14, mwaka 1999 ndio ilikuwa mwanzo rasmi wa kanisa la GeorDavie Ministries – Ngurumo Ya Upako ambalo kwa wakati huo lilijulikana kama kanisa la Destiny. Kanisa hilo lilianzia sebuleni mwake. GeorDavie aliwahi kusema kwamba kwa wakati huo alikuwa hajaamua ataita nini kanisa lake, lakini aliliita Destiny (Kanisa la Uelekeo) akijua na kumaanisha moyoni mwake kwamba kuna mahali anakwenda. Atakapokaribia anapokwenda atajua jina rasmi la kuita kanisa lake. Mwaka 2003 alibadilisha jina la kanisa na kuliita Ngurumo Ya Upako <ref>https://4ghabari.wordpress.com/2021/03/21/watanzania-watakiwa-kujitia-nguvu-na-kuvaa-ujasiri-haswa-katika-kipindi-hiki/(Machi 21,2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref>. Kati ya mwaka 2005 hadi 2011 Mungu alimuongoza GeorDavie kufanya mikutano mikubwa <ref>https://shaabanmpalule.blogspot.com/2014/07/angalia-picha-za-maisha-ya-askofu.html (Julai 29, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> <ref>https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.udakuspecially.com/2014/02/askofu-bilionea-atikisa-bongo.html |date=20220126120122 }} (Februari 25, 2014). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> na ya kihistoria ndani na nje ya nchi. Ikiwa ni pamoja na kufungua matawi ya kanisa [[Dar es Salaam]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200808181117.html AllAfrica - Arusha Times(Agosti 16, 2008). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref>, [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]], [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]], [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]], [[Manyara]], [[Kilimanjaro (Moshi mjini)|Kilimanjaro]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Congo]] na [[Marekani]]. Arusha ikiwa ndio makao makuu ya kanisa ulimwenguni na [https://www.google.com/maps/place/GeorLander+City+(GLC+Royale+Palazzo)/@-3.3665198,36.5634103,15z/data=!4m9!1m2!2m1!1sgeorlander+city!3m5!1s0x1836e3a5b02e81bd:0xd74ac2aa40714f84!8m2!3d-3.3587722!4d36.5697254!15sCg9nZW9ybGFuZGVyIGNpdHmSAQ9ob3VzaW5nX2NvbXBs ikulu] ya nabii huyo. Lengo la mikutano hiyo lilikuwa kutambulisha huduma ya kinabii Tanzania kwa sababu ilikuwa ni huduma isiyojulikana. Kwa sasa kanisa lake huhudhuriwa na takriban watu 5,000 kila wiki na kupata wageni kutoka mikoa mbalimbali Tanzania na ulimwenguni kote.<ref>https://somalatest.blogspot.com/2019/04/watanzania-dumisheni-amani.html Watanzania Dumisheni Amani (Aprili 23, 2019). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> == Uamsho Marekani == Mwaka 2016 GeorDavie alifanya ziara ya kinabii nchini Marekani kwenye jimbo la California, mjini Los Angeles. Alifanya hiyo ziara kwa lengo la kuwasilisha neno alilokuwa amepewa na Mungu kuwa “Uamsho ni sasa”. Aliachilia neno hilo katika kanisa la Five-Fold ambalo awali lilijulikana kama kanisa la Advanced Anointing. Alimpaka mafuta Kathryn Krick <ref>https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ {{Wayback|url=https://bbcgossip.com/entertainment/apostle-kathryn-krick-height-weight-net-worth-age-birthday-wikipedia-who-nationality-biography/ |date=20220126120121 }} Kathryn Krick Biography (Novemba 18, 2021). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kuwa mtume na baadaye kumteua kuwa Mchungaji Kiongozi wa kanisa la Five-Fold. Mtume Kathryn Krick na kiongozi wa sifa (Jeanntal Marshall) walilishika hilo neno kwa uaminifu kwa takriban miaka minne hadi uamsho ulipoanza kuonekana huko Marekani mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2021. Uamsho huo umekuwa ukisambaa na kugusa watu wa mataifa mbalimbali na kuthibitisha neno lililosemwa na Nabii GeorDavie mwaka 2017. == Misaada == GeorDavie alianzisha kituo cha Lighthouse kwa ajili ya watoto wa mitaani. Pia alifanya jitihada za kutambua na kutatua changamoto ya watoto hao mjini Arusha, kanda ya kaskazini Tanzania, kwa kuwapatia chakula, mavazi, mahali pa kuishi na kuwalipia ada za shule. Kila mwaka GeorDavie husaidia vituo vya watoto yatima na vituo vya wazee <ref>https://mtazamomedia.blogspot.com/2016/12/dr-geordaviejijengeeni-tabia-ya.html WATANZANIA JIJENGEENI TABIA YA KUTOA(Desemba 26, 2016). Iliangaliwa Januari 26, 2022.</ref> kwa kuwapa chakula na mahitaji mengine muhimu. Faraja, Christian Women, Samaritan Village, Kindness children care na St. John ni kati ya vituo vya watoto yatima ambavyo GeorDavie hutoa msaada. Vilevile GeorDavie amesaidia makanisa mbalimbali kwa kuwaruzuku pesa taslimu, kuwajengea maabadi yao na kuwanunulia vyombo vya muziki. Amezawadia watu mbalimbali vyombo vya usafiri ambavyo hadi sasa vimezidi mia moja.<ref>http://www.diramakini.co.tz/2021/12/nabii-mkuu-tanzania-dktgeordavie-ampa.html?m=1 NABII GEORDAVIE AMZAWADIA GOODLUCK GOZBERT MERCEDEZ BENZ Iliangaliwa Januari 26,2022.</ref> === Malaika Njiani === Mwaka 2019, GeorDavie alianzisha programu inayoitwa Malaika Njiani ambayo yeye ndiye mfadhili. Lengo la programu hii ni kumruzuku pesa mtu yeyote anayepitia changamoto za maisha bila kujali dini wala kabila. Mwaka 2022, GeorDavie alijikita zaidi kwenye kugusa maisha ya watu wenye uchumi wa chini kwa kuwasaidia mitaji na vyombo vya usafiri kama bajaji ili waweze kuendesha maisha yao. Inasemekana kiasi cha fedha alichotoa hadharani kwa watu mbalimbali mwaka 2022 ni TZS 600,000,000. Hapo kwenye Kanisa la GeorDavie watu mbalimbali walianza kumuimbia, wengine wakijichora miili yao jina na picha ya GeorDavie, watu kutoka mikoa mbalimbali nchini Tanzania wakibandika picha za GeorDavie kwenye bajaji zao, wengine wakichora rangi yenye bendera ya Ngurumo Ya Upako mwilini mwao na kutembea nayo kutoka Dar mpaka Arusha, huku wasanii wakubwa nchini Tanzania na nje ya mipaka yake kama Shamsa Ford, Halima Yahya (Davina), Christina Shusho, Kidum kutoka Kenya, Mkali Wenu, Bondia Shaban Kaoneka, Mr. Pimbi, 20 Percent, Dude pamoja na viongozi mbalimbali wa serikali, akiwemo Mbunge wa Arusha mjini, Mrisho Gambo, Mbunge wa jimbo la Nsimbo, Anna Lupembe, wakijitokeza kumuongelea GeorDavie. Mambo hayo yote yalianza kujitokeza kwa ukubwa baada ya GeorDavie kugusa maisha ya watu wengi kwa kuwapa mitaji, magari, bajaji, kuwajengea nyumba. GeorDavie alianza mwaka 2023 kwa kutoa TZS 100,000,000 kwa wafanyabiashara wadogowadogo wa soko la NMC Samunge lililopo Arusha. == Tuzo == GeorDavie ametunukiwa tuzo na heshima mbalimbali, zikiwemo: * Mandela Peace Ambassador Award (Burundi, 2022)   * Ambassador of Peace (JMAT Tanzania, 2025)   * Honorary Doctorate na Professorship kutoka taasisi mbalimbali za kimataifa (2025–2026)   == Diskografia == Hizi ni albamu na nyimbo zilizotayarishwa na kurekodiwa na GeorDavie * TROUBLED MAN (2010) * Troubled Man (2010) * Lead Me Now (2010) * He Loves You And Alright (2010) * Nilikuwa Mgonjwa Sana (2010) * Preach the Word (2010) * Umenisamehe (2010) * Yesu Anakuja (2010) * Nakupenda Bwana/I Love You (2010) * Nani Atawafundisha Watoto (2010) * NGEPENDA (2000) * Ninakushukuru (2000) * Ngependa (2000) * Eeh Bwana Uniguse (2000) * Tutamuona (2000) * NILIPOTEA MBALI (1997) * Nilipotea Mbali (1997) * He's Gonna Move (1997) * Never Be Alone (1997) * Ushuhuda Wangu (1997) * Glory Hallelujah (1997) * Mene Mene (1997) * You Are Blessed - Interlude (1997) * I Love You So Much/ NAKUPENDA (1997) * In The Moment Like This (1997) * WORSHIP ALBUM (2005) * Haleluya Jehovah (2005) * Naamini Katika Upako (2005) * Naamini Haleluya (2005) * I Love You So Much (2005) * NAKUTARAJIA (2003) * Ameniokoa/Saved my Soul (2003) * Mimi Nasafiri (the last part) (2003) * Go Ye (2003) * Nakutarajia (2003) * No Time (2003) * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (2003) * Tazameni Ndege (2003) * Usipotee Njia (2003) * You Know Me Better (2003) * Siku Hizi Jamani (1986) * Wakristo Tuwe Macho (1986) * Hakuna muda wa kupoteza (1987) * Hakuna Mungu Mwengine (1987) * Nimeulizwa (1987) * Tangu Sasa (1987) * Sitapungukiwa na Kitu (1987) * Nilijaribu Mambo Mengi (1987) * Jesus Washes Me (1987) * PRINCE OF PEACE (1995) * Prince Of Peace (1995) * Keep Up (1995) * Never Pretend (1995) * Peace Of Mind (1995) * Tell Me/Wanna Know U (1995) * You Are So Special (1995) * THE FISHERS DAYLIGHT (1989) * Now I'm Satisfied (1989) * The Fishers Daylight (1989) * Ukaludie Kaya (1989) * Wamekuwepo Watu Wengi (1989) Nyimbo ambazo GeorDavie ameimba na GeeDee SKY Jazz * Raha Ndani Ya Roho (Remastered) (2016) * Preach the Word (Remastered) (2016) * Haleluyah Jehovah (Remastered) (2016) * Unatembea Mahali hapa (2016) * Yesu Anakuja (Remastered) (2016) * Skylight (2016) * Tell me (2018) * One Day Morning (2019) * Tãtã Wêtû (2019) * U r so special (Remastered) (2019) * Bwana Yu Mwema (2019) * Mbelewele (2019) * Acha Ukali Basi (2019) * Nguvu (2019) * Tuko Poa (2019) * Nashukuru (2021) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 47w5y92pboujj26h3hj690abgwc4d6t 0 147668 1585100 1521718 2026-08-06T15:45:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadia Tromp''' (amezaliwa [[31 Januari]] [[1977]]) ni [[ubunifu|mbunifu]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]],<ref>https://www.facebook.com/nadia.tromp</ref>anayejulikana kwa kazi yake na [[usanifu]] wa kijamii na umma, hasa huduma za [[afya]] ndani ya mazingira ya Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visi.co.za/on-trend-in-architecture-mesh/|title=On Trend in Architecture: Mesh|date=12 June 2018|website=Visi|accessdate=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810104352/https://visi.co.za/on-trend-in-architecture-mesh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka [[2017]] alikuwa mshindi wa tamasha la [[dunia]] katika kitengo cha [[afya]] kwa kliniki yake ya Westbury. Baadaye alipokea tuzo ya [[ubora]] wa mwaka [[2017]] kutoka GIFA (Gauteng Institute for Architecture) na tuzo ya Heshima ya [[2018]] kutoka SAIA (South African Institute of Architects).<ref name="worldarchitecturefestival.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldarchitecturefestival.com/overall-winners-2017|title=Overall winners 2017|website=www.worldarchitecturefestival.com}}</ref> Mwaka [[2019]] [[kampuni]] yake ilishinda [[Tuzo]] ya [[sanaa]] ya usanifu katika kitengo cha matumizi mchanganyiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://architectureprize.com/winners/winner.php?id=4115|title = Westbury TDC}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wasanii wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wiki4uni]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] abtkctpetov8n5rlii03k9e4lb494fp 0 160453 1585363 1376767 2026-08-07T09:10:23Z ~2026-43507-82 91483 /* */ rasa✍️🗂✏️🗒✒️📋🖋📖🖊📚🖌📗🖍📕📝📃📜📄📑🗞📰📓📗📘📙📕📔🔦📑🤳🎦📀📺🚭🚯🚱📵🔞🚳🎨💻🖼 📚 1585363 wikitext text/x-wiki Idadi kubwa ya mashirika ndani ya [[Wikimedia Movement]] ikiwemo [[Wikimedia Foundationub]] imechapisha [[programu tumizi]] rasmi ya kutumia kwenye mifumo ya simu kwa ajili ya [[Wikipedia]]. Ambazo zote zinapatikana bure kupitia maduka ya programu sahihi (kama [[App store]], [[Google Play]], [[Microsoft]], [[F-droid]]). Pia waweza pakua yenyewe kutoka kwenye tovuti ya [[Wikimedia Foundation]], ambayo huweka matoleo ya zamani na beta. Wasanifu wa [[elimu ya kujitegemea|kujitegemea]] pia wameachilia [[programu tumizi]] zisizo rasmi kwaajili ya kusoma [[makala]] za [[Wikipedia]]. Baadhi ya programu huvuta maudhui kutoka tovuti ya Wikipedia na kisa kuchakata, programu zingine hutumia [[MediaWiki API]]. Nyingine huonyesha maudhui ya Wikipedia, nahutoan baadhi ya vipengele kama vile jamii na kurasa za majadiliano, Nyingine huruhusu kuhariri makala.Nong Krathum, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Basert på den tidligere aktiviteten din - Mer informasjon Logg på InnstillingerPersonvernVilkårMørkt tema: av == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia:Mradi]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] nxsrv9hlyeffdm10t4fvw605cg57nri 1585398 1585363 2026-08-07T10:10:58Z Icodense 49270 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-43507-82|~2026-43507-82]] ([[User talk:~2026-43507-82|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:~2024-27481|~2024-27481]] 1376767 wikitext text/x-wiki Idadi kubwa ya mashirika ndani ya [[Wikimedia Movement]] ikiwemo [[Wikimedia Foundation]] imechapisha [[programu tumizi]] rasmi ya kutumia kwenye mifumo ya simu kwa ajili ya [[Wikipedia]]. Ambazo zote zinapatikana bure kupitia maduka ya programu sahihi (kama [[App store]], [[Google Play]], [[Microsoft]], [[F-droid]]). Pia waweza pakua yenyewe kutoka kwenye tovuti ya [[Wikimedia Foundation]], ambayo huweka matoleo ya zamani na beta. Wasanifu wa [[elimu ya kujitegemea|kujitegemea]] pia wameachilia [[programu tumizi]] zisizo rasmi kwaajili ya kusoma [[makala]] za [[Wikipedia]]. Baadhi ya programu huvuta maudhui kutoka tovuti ya Wikipedia na kisa kuchakata, programu zingine hutumia [[MediaWiki API]]. Nyingine huonyesha maudhui ya Wikipedia, nahutoan baadhi ya vipengele kama vile jamii na kurasa za majadiliano, Nyingine huruhusu kuhariri makala. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia:Mradi]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] o0zf1hkx5fvbimfncv9hhtbcf1mfdon 0 168727 1585339 1566978 2026-08-07T07:36:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uhaba wa maji''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''[[:en:Water_scarcity|water scarcity]]'', unaohusiana kwa karibu na ''water stress'' au ''water crisis'') ni hali ya ukosefu wa rasilimali za kutosha za maji yasiyo na chumvi (maji baridi) ili kukidhi mahitaji ya kawaida ya maji katika eneo fulani. [[Faili:Water stress 2019 WRI.png|thumb]] Kuna aina mbili kuu za uhaba wa maji: uhaba wa kimwili (physical water scarcity) na uhaba wa kiuchumi (economic water scarcity). Uhaba wa kimwili hutokea pale ambapo vyanzo vya asili vya maji havitoshi kukidhi mahitaji yote, ikiwa ni pamoja na maji yanayohitajika ili mifumo ya ikolojia ifanye kazi vizuri. Maeneo yenye hali ya hewa ya jangwa mara nyingi yanakabiliwa na uhaba huu. Uhaba wa kiuchumi unatokana na ukosefu wa uwekezaji katika miundombinu au teknolojia ya kutoa maji kutoka kwenye mito, vyanzo vya chini ya ardhi, au kutokana na udhaifu wa uwezo wa binadamu wa kusimamia mahitaji ya maji. Sehemu kubwa ya Afrika chini ya Sahara inaishi na uhaba wa kiuchumi wa maji. Ingawa kuna usambazaji wa kutosha wa maji baridi duniani kote kwa ajili ya mahitaji ya sasa na ya baadaye, uhaba wa maji unasababishwa na kutofautiana kwa maeneo na nyakati ambapo watu wanahitaji maji na pale yanapopatikana. Hali hii inachochewa na ongezeko la idadi ya watu, mabadiliko ya hali ya maisha na lishe, upanuzi wa kilimo cha umwagiliaji, mabadiliko ya tabianchi (ikiwa ni pamoja na ukame au mafuriko), ukataji miti, uchafuzi wa maji, na matumizi ya fujo. Takriban watu bilioni nne duniani kote wanakabiliwa na uhaba mkubwa wa maji kwa angalau mwezi mmoja kwa mwaka, na nusu bilioni wanaishi katika maeneo yenye uhaba mkubwa wa maji mwaka mzima. == Maana na Dhana Zinazohusiana == Uhaba wa maji umetafsiriwa kama "wingi wa ujazo, au upungufu wake, wa rasilimali za maji safi" na inadhaniwa kuwa "unasababishwa na shughuli za binadamu." Kuna dhana zinazohusiana ambazo ni mshiko wa maji (water stress) na hatari ya maji (water risk). Mpango wa CEO Water Mandate (chini ya Global Compact ya Umoja wa Mataifa) ulishauri kuwa maneno haya matatu yasitumiwe kwa kubadilishana kama kitu kimoja: * Baadhi ya mashirika yanafasiri mshiko wa maji (water stress) kama dhana pana zaidi inayojumuisha upatikanaji wa maji, ubora wa maji, na urahisi wa kuyafikia (accessibility). Urahisi wa kuyafikia unategemea miundombinu iliyopo na uwezo wa walaji kulipia maji hayo. * Shirika la Chakula na Kilimo duniani (FAO)[https://www.worldeggorganisation.com/sw/our-work/industry-representation/food-and-agriculture-organization-fao/] {{Wayback|url=https://www.worldeggorganisation.com/sw/our-work/industry-representation/food-and-agriculture-organization-fao/ |date=20260606155854 }} linafasiri mshiko wa maji kama "dalili za uhaba wa maji," kama vile migogoro inayokua kati ya watumiaji, ushindani wa maji, kushuka kwa viwango vya uaminifu wa huduma, kufeli kwa mavuno, na uhakika mdogo wa chakula. * Ripoti iliyochapishwa na Taasisi ya [[:en:UNU_Institute_for_Water,_Environment_and_Health|UNU ya Maji, Mazingira na Afya]] mnamo mwaka 2026 ilibainisha kuwa maneno "mshiko wa maji" na "janga la maji" hayatoshi tena kuelezea hali ya sasa ya upatikanaji wa maji duniani. Matokeo yake, Umoja wa Mataifa umeridhia kutumia neno "kufilisika kwa maji" ([[:en:Water_bankruptcy|water bankruptcy]]) kama maelezo sahihi zaidi ya hali ya sasa, ikionyesha kutorudishika na kufilisika kabisa kwa mfumo wa maji. == Aina za Uhaba wa Maji == Wataalamu wamefafanua aina mbili za uhaba wa maji. Moja ni uhaba wa maji kimwili. Nyingine ni uhaba wa maji kiuchumi. Maneno haya yalifafanuliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika utafiti wa 2007 ulioongozwa na [[:en:International_Water_Management_Institute|Taasisi ya Kimataifa ya Usimamizi wa Maji]]. Hii ilichunguza matumizi ya maji katika kilimo zaidi ya miaka 50 iliyopita. Ililenga kujua kama dunia ina rasilimali za kutosha za maji kuzalisha chakula kwa ajili ya watu wanaoongezeka katika siku zijazo. === Uhaba wa Maji wa Kimaumbile (Physical water scarcity) === Hutokea pale ambapo rasilimali za asili za maji hazitoshi kukidhi mahitaji yote, ikijumuisha maji yanayohitajika kwa mifumo ya ikolojia. Athari za kibinadamu kwenye tabianchi zimeongeza uhaba wa maji katika maeneo ambayo tayari yalikuwa na tatizo hili. Pia hutokea pale ambapo maji yanaonekana kuwa mengi lakini rasilimali zake zimevuka kikomo cha matumizi (kwa mfano, ujenzi uliokithiri wa miundombinu ya maji kwa ajili ya umwagiliaji au uzalishaji wa nishati). Dalili zake ni pamoja na uharibifu mkubwa wa mazingira, kupungua kwa maji ya chini ya ardhi, na mgawanyo wa maji unaopendelea makundi fulani kuliko mengine. Baadhi ya wasomi wanapendekeza aina ya tatu inayoitwa '''uhaba wa maji wa kielektroniki/kiekologia (ecological water scarcity)''', ambayo inaangazia kiwango cha chini kabisa cha ujazo na ubora wa maji kinachohitajika ili kulinda mifumo ya mazingira kuwa endelevu. === Uhaba wa Maji wa Kiuchumi (Economic water scarcity) === Hutokana na ukosefu wa uwekezaji katika miundombinu au teknolojia ya kupata maji. Hali hii inalazimu watu wasio na ufikiaji wa uhakika wa maji kusafiri umbali mrefu kutafuta maji kwa ajili ya matumizi ya nyumbani na kilimo, na mara nyingi maji hayo huwa si salama. [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Maendeleo (UNDP)]] linasema uhaba wa maji wa kiuchumi ndiyo sababu kuu ya uhaba wa maji duniani, kwa sababu nchi au maeneo mengi yana maji ya kutosha, lakini yanakosa njia na uwezo wa kuyasogeza kwa wananchi kwa njia inayofikika kwa urahisi. Robo ya idadi ya watu duniani inaathiriwa na uhaba huu, na ni sifa kuu ya maeneo mengi ya Afrika Kusini mwa Sahara. Uwekezaji katika miundombinu ya kuhifadhi maji na umwagiliaji unaweza kusaidia kupunguza umaskini na kuongeza uzalishaji wa chakula. == Sababu za Uhaba wa Maji == Uhaba wa maji unasababishwa na mambo kadhaa, yakiwemo: === Ongezeko la Idadi ya Watu === Ukuaji wa haraka wa idadi ya watu duniani unaongeza uhitaji wa maji kwa ajili ya matumizi ya nyumbani na uzalishaji wa bidhaa. === Upanuzi wa Kilimo na Viwanda === Sekta ya kilimo ndiyo mtumiaji mkubwa zaidi wa maji safi duniani (zaidi ya 70%), hasa kupitia umwagiliaji. Upanuzi wa kilimo na viwanda vinavyotumia maji mengi huongeza msongo mkubwa kwenye vyanzo vya maji. === Uchafuzi wa Maji === Uchafuzi wa vyanzo vya maji kutokana na majitaka ya viwandani, kemikali za kilimo, na taka za mitaani unapunguza kiasi cha maji salama yanayoweza kutumiwa. Maji yaliyachafuliwa yanakuwa hayafai kwa matumizi bila gharama kubwa ya usafishaji. === Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi === Mabadiliko ya tabianchi yanavuruga mzunguko wa maji duniani, yakisababisha ukame wa muda mrefu katika baadhi ya maeneo na mafuriko katika maeneo mengine. Kuyeyuka kwa barafu za milimani pia kunatishia upatikanaji wa maji ya mito hapo baadaye. == Athari za Uhaba wa Maji == === Upungufu wa Huduma ya Maji Safi na Afya === Uhaba wa maji huathiri upatikanaji wa maji ya kunywa na usafi wa mazingira, jambo linalosababisha milipuko ya magonjwa yanayoenezwa na maji kama vile kipindupindu, kichocho, na homa ya matumbo (typhoid). === Madhara kwa Mazingira === Uhaba wa maji husababisha uharibifu mkubwa wa mifumo ya ikolojia. Kukausha kwa ardhi olandovu (wetlands) na maziwa (kama ilivyotokea kwa Ziwa Chad na Bahari ya Aral) kunasababisha kupotea kwa makazi ya viumbe wengi, wakiwemo ndege na samaki. === Uwezekano wa Migogoro === Uhaba wa rasilimali hii muhimu unaweza kusababisha ushindani mkubwa na hata migogoro kati ya watumiaji tofauti (kama wakulima na wafugaji) au migogoro ya kikanda kati ya nchi zinazoshiriki chanzo kimoja cha maji. == Njia za Utatuzi na Uboreshaji == Ili kukabiliana na uhaba wa maji, hatua zifuatazo zinaweza kuchukuliwa: * '''Uhifadhi wa Maji:''' Kuboresha mbinu za matumizi ya maji na kuanzisha mbinu za kilimo zinazotumia maji kidogo (kama umwagiliaji wa matone). * '''Uvunaji wa Maji ya Mvua:''' Kukusanya na kuhifadhi maji ya mvua ili yatumike wakati wa kiangazi. * '''Usafishaji wa Majitaka:''' Kutibu maji yaliyokwisha kutumiwa ili yaweze kutumika tena kwa ajili ya kilimo au viwanda. * '''Uondoaji Chumvi (Desalination):''' Kusafisha maji ya bahari ili kuyageuza kuwa maji ya kunywa, ingawa njia hii inahitaji nishati na gharama kubwa. == Malengo ya Kimataifa == Lengo la 6 la Maendeleo Endelevu la Umoja wa Mataifa (SDG 6) linanuia kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji safi na usafi wa mazingira kwa wote ifikapo mwaka 2030. Shabaha ya nne ya lengo hili inasisitiza kuongeza ufanisi wa matumizi ya maji katika sekta zote na kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa idadi ya watu wanaoteseka kutokana na uhaba wa maji. == Tazama pia == * [[Uhifadhi wa maji]] * [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.unwater.org/ water-scarcity Tovuti ya UN-Water kuhusu Uhaba wa Maji] {{Mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] [[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] j2pw4yj5qktfmth88a3lml3lioq127z 0 183807 1585373 1490212 2026-08-07T09:40:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vera Mlangazuwa Chirwa, 1960s.jpg|thumb| Vera Mlangazuwa Chirwa mwaka [[1960]] ]] '''Vera Mlangazua Chirwa''' ([[26 Mei]] [[1932]]) ni [[wakili]] mzaliwa wa [[Malawi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]] na kiraia. Chirwa ni wakili wa kwanza wa kike wa Malawi na mwanachama [[mwanzilishi]] wa chama cha kongamano nchini Malawi na Ligi ya wanawake ya [[Afrika]] ya [[Malawi|Nyasaland]]. Alipigania utawala wa [[demokrasia]] ya vyama vingi nchini Malawi na alishtakiwa kwa [[uhaini]] na kuhukumiwa kifo na rais [[Hastings Banda|Kamuzu Banda]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://humanrights.dk/news/archive/news+2008/launch+of+vera+chirwa+biography?viapreview=true&viaauth=10929143_d462aa07649d4f9db4dac9097c816ecf |title=Danish Institute for Human Rights - Launch of Vera Chirwa Biography |publisher=Humanrights.dk |access-date=2011-02-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602192031/http://humanrights.dk/news/archive/news+2008/launch+of+vera+chirwa+biography?viapreview=true&viaauth=10929143_d462aa07649d4f9db4dac9097c816ecf |archive-date=June 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="fiacat1">{{cite web |author=Estelle Drouvin |url=http://www.fiacat.org/en/spip.php?article252 |title=[FIACAT&#93; Malawi, Vera Chirwa Capital woman |publisher=Fiacat.org |date=1993-01-24 |access-date=2011-02-11 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185844/http://www.fiacat.org/en/spip.php?article252 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1932]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2000]] [[jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2024]] [[jamii:wanawake wa Malawi]] [[jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[jamii:wanaharakati wa Malawi]] 0wspk4dosu8yor2yp1hho2khg6rqnlu 0 193000 1585319 1370849 2026-08-07T06:32:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwatofarati "Tofa" Fakunle''' (alizaliwa Novemba 1, [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Kanada]]. Hivi sasa, Fakunle ni Meneja Msaidizi wa klabu ya Cavalry FC ya Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oluwatofarati Fakunle 2016 |url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/12473732?subseason=278141 |publisher=USL League Two |accessdate=29 August 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Oluwatofarati Fakunle 2017 |url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/18029091?subseason=376352 |publisher=USL League Two |accessdate=29 August 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 11nf0s2rnxpdahe3psa5j7w3dtuo533 0 195733 1585292 1526794 2026-08-07T05:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Tanzania 4 Food.jpg|thumb|Umoja wa Vijana kwa Mifumo ya Chakula]] '''Tanzania Youth Alliance for Food Systems''' (TYAFS) ni shirika lisilo la kiserikali lililoanzishwa na vijana wa Kitanzania mnamo [[Novemba]] [[2023]]. Msingi wa kuanzishwa kwa TYAFS ulitokana na mikutano ya ushauri wa vijana iliyofadhiliwa na ''Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition'' (GAIN), ambayo ilihusisha vijana kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za nchi. Mikutano hii ililenga kutoa jukwaa kwa vijana kuelezea maoni yao kuhusu ushiriki wa vijana katika mifumo ya chakula, nafasi yao ya uongozi, na ushiriki katika mabadiliko ya mifumo endelevu ya chakula nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=vijana4food {{!}} Tanzania Youth Alliance for food system (TYAS)|url=https://vijana4food.or.tz/|work=Tanzania Youth Alliance for Food System|accessdate=2024-12-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223103142/https://vijana4food.or.tz/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Matokeo ya mikutano hiyo yalidhihirisha haja ya kuunda umoja wa vijana, ambapo TYAFS ilizaliwa kama chombo cha kuimarisha juhudi za pamoja za [[vijana]] katika kuhamasisha mabadiliko ya mifumo ya chakula kwa njia endelevu na jumuishi. Umoja huu unalenga kukuza ushiriki wa vijana, kushirikiana na wadau mbalimbali, na kusukuma mbele masuala ya [[lishe]], [[kilimo]], na hatua dhidi ya mabadiliko ya [[tabianchi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=gain - Tafuta na Google|url=https://www.google.com/search?gs_ssp=eJzj4tLP1TcwLsxKtkxSYDRgdGDwYklPzMwDAEEEBZs&q=gain&rlz=1CAWAFN_enTZ1124&oq=gai&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqEggBEC4YJxjHARjRAxiABBiKBTIPCAAQIxgnGOMCGIAEGIoFMhIIARAuGCcYxwEY0QMYgAQYigUyDwgCEEUYORiRAhiABBiKBTITCAMQLhjHARiRAhjRAxiABBiKBTINCAQQLhivARjHARiABDIGCAUQRRg8MgYIBhBFGD0yBggHEEUYPNIBCDY4NjRqMGo0qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|work=www.google.com|accessdate=2024-12-24}}</ref> == Maono na Malengo == TYAFS ina maono ya kuona Tanzania ikiwa na mfumo wa chakula ambapo vijana wanashiriki kikamilifu katika mabadiliko ya kitaifa ya mifumo ya chakula. Shirika hili linahamasisha ushirikishwaji wa vijana kupitia * '''Uongozi wa [[Vijana]]''': Kuwezesha vijana kujenga uongozi imara unaochangia mabadiliko ya mifumo ya [[chakula]]. * '''Uhamasishaji wa [[Lishe]] Bora''': Kuwafikia vijana, watoto, na jamii kwa ujumla ili kukuza lishe bora na afya njema. * '''Ushirikiano''': Kuimarisha ushirikiano na wadau wa ndani, kitaifa, na kimataifa katika sekta ya chakula. * '''Utetezi wa Ushahidi''': Kukuza majadiliano ya msingi wa ushahidi kuhusu mifumo endelevu ya chakula. * '''Kueneza Mafanikio ya Vijana''': Kusimulia na kusherehekea mafanikio ya vijana katika sekta ya chakula. == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya Tanzania]] tfqb8zjcmaj3mvex1p6v3z6ckzegwjn 0 202920 1585178 1524115 2026-08-06T22:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raul Aguilera Jr.''' (alizaliwa Agosti 2, [[1999]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kitaaluma wa [[Marekani]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://ocsc.ussoccerda.com/sam/teams/index.php?team=1401326&player=44170807|title=Raul Aguilera OCSC DA|website=ocsc.ussoccerda.com|accessdate=2025-02-24|archive-date=2016-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002135705/http://ocsc.ussoccerda.com/sam/teams/index.php?team=1401326|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="spotlight">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2015/08/04/academy-spotlight-orlando-city%E2%80%99s-raul-aguilera-jr-chasing-his-dream|title=Academy Spotlight: Orlando City’s Raul Aguilera Jr. is Chasing his Dream &#124; Orlando City Soccer Club|accessdate=2025-02-24|archive-date=2020-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108141137/https://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2015/08/04/academy-spotlight-orlando-city%E2%80%99s-raul-aguilera-jr-chasing-his-dream|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TarHeels">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://goheels.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/raul-aguilera/16372|title=Raul Aguilera - Men's Soccer|website=University of North Carolina Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24326950?subseason=482928|title=SIMA Aguilas - 2018 Regular Season - Roster - # - Raul Aguilera - M|website=www.uslleaguetwo.com|accessdate=2025-02-24|archive-date=2024-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217141659/https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24326950?subseason=482928|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] aebj9dnhu7eke5fr5lhtmlpoc6xtopt 0 203071 1585229 1526148 2026-08-07T03:47:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stanley Alves''' (alizaliwa Juni 30, [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye anacheza kama [[mshambuliaji]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://goriverhawks.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/stanley-alves/5499|title=Stanley Alves - Men's Soccer|website=UMass Lowell Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/13172679?subseason=278141|title=Seacoast United Phantoms - 2016 Regular Season - Roster - # - Stanley Alves -|website=www.uslleaguetwo.com|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2025-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117095109/https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/13172679?subseason=278141|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://npsl.bonzidev.com/sam/standings/ss/schedule.php?v=3&containerID=MTU3MzcyMQ==|title=National Premier Soccer League|website=npsl.bonzidev.com|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2022-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412154334/http://npsl.bonzidev.com/sam/standings/ss/schedule.php?v=3&containerID=MTU3MzcyMQ==|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/18033613?subseason=376352|title=Seacoast United Phantoms - 2017 Regular Season - Roster - # - Stanley Alves -|website=www.uslleaguetwo.com|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2026-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119015526/https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/18033613?subseason=376352|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] mewoabdvly8klo7zntkjd12xij8ctyz 0 203094 1585333 1527637 2026-08-07T07:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tyler M. Allen''' (alizaliwa Oktoba 12, [[1998]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa [[Marekani]].<ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://unlvrebels.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/tyler-allen/10352|title=Tyler Allen - Men's Soccer|website=University of Nevada Las Vegas Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24520221?subseason=482928|title=FC Golden State Force - 2018 Regular Season - Roster - # - Tyler Allen -|website=www.uslleaguetwo.com|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2026-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119075837/https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24520221?subseason=482928|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/32744899?subseason=583580|title=FC Golden State Force &#124; uslleaguetwo.com|website=www.uslleaguetwo.com|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2022-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409140358/https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/32744899?subseason=583580|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1998|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] p2tlsv3sobpa6wjrb257vgzofza22zw 0 203816 1585168 1523735 2026-08-06T20:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Playboy''' (iliyoandikwa kwa herufi kubwa zote) ni jarida la [[mtindo]] wa [[maisha]] na [[burudani]] la wanaume la [[Marekani]], ambalo hapo awali lilikuwa la kuchapishwa na sasa liko mtandaoni tangu [[2020]]. Lilianzishwa huko [[Chicago]] mwaka [[1953]] na Hugh Hefner na washirika wake, likifadhiliwa kwa sehemu na mkopo wa $1,000 kutoka kwa [[mama]] yake Hefner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playboyenterprises.com/home/content.cfm?content=t_template&packet=00017B97-9135-1C72-8FEA8304E50A010D&artTypeID=00025AAE-7EF7-1C72-8FEA8304E50A010D |title=Playboy Enterprises, Inc |website=Playboyenterprises.com |access-date=February 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074225/http://www.playboyenterprises.com/home/content.cfm?content=t_template&packet=00017B97-9135-1C72-8FEA8304E50A010D&artTypeID=00025AAE-7EF7-1C72-8FEA8304E50A010D |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Linajulikana kwa [[picha]] zake za katikati za wamitindo uchi na waliovaa kidogo (Playmates), Playboy ilichukua jukumu muhimu katika mapinduzi ya kingono na inabaki kuwa moja ya chapa zinazojulikana zaidi ulimwenguni, ikiwa na uwepo katika karibu kila aina ya media. Mbali na [[jarida]] la msingi huko Marekani, matoleo maalum ya kitaifa ya Playboy huchapishwa ulimwenguni kote, ikiwa ni pamoja na yale ya waliopokea leseni, kama vile Kikundi cha DHS Media cha Dirk Steenekamp.<ref name="NYT Millennial">{{cite web |last=Bennett |first=Jessica |title=Will the Millennials Save Playboy? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/02/business/woke-playboy-millennials.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 2, 2019 |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref> Jarida lina historia ndefu ya kuchapisha hadithi fupi za waandishi wa riwaya kama vile Arthur C. Clarke, Ian Fleming, [[Vladimir Nabokov]], [[Saul Bellow]], Chuck Palahniuk, P. G. Wodehouse, Roald Dahl, Haruki Murakami, na Margaret Atwood. Kwa onyesho la mara kwa mara la katuni za rangi za ukurasa mzima, likawa onyesho la [[wachoraji]] katuni kama Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, Jules Feiffer, Harvey Kurtzman, Shel Silverstein, Doug Sneyd, Erich Sokol, Roy Raymonde, Gahan Wilson, na Rowland B. Wilson. Art Paul alibuni nembo ya sungura. Leroy Neiman alichora wahusika wa Femlin kwa utani wa Playboy. Patrick Nagel alichora vichwa vya habari kwa Jukwaa la Playboy na sehemu zingine.<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article5310203.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515005812/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article5310203.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 15, 2011 |title=Hefner's Daughter Christie Walks Away from Playboy Enterprises |work=The Times | location=London | first=Christine | last=Seib | date=December 9, 2008 | access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref> Playboy huangazia mahojiano ya kila mwezi ya watu wa umma, kama vile wasanii, wabunifu wa majengo, wananadharia wa uchumi, watunzi, wakondakta, wakurugenzi wa filamu, wanahabari, waandishi wa riwaya, waandishi wa tamthilia, wataalamu wa dini, wanasiasa, wanariadha, na madereva wa magari ya mbio. Jarida kwa ujumla linaonyesha msimamo wa uhariri wa kiliberali, ingawa mara nyingi linawahoji watu mashuhuri wa kihafidhina.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34511999 |title=Playboy 'to drop' naked women images |work=BBC News |access-date=February 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34471653 |title=Why America loved Playboy |work=BBC News |date=October 14, 2015 |access-date=February 14, 2016}}</ref> Baada ya kuondolewa kwa mwaka mzima kwa picha nyingi za uchi katika jarida la Playboy, toleo la Machi–Aprili [[2017]] lilirejesha uchi. == Historia ya Uchapishaji == Kufikia majira ya joto ya [[1953]], Hugh Hefner mhitimu wa saikolojia wa Chuo Kikuu cha [[Illinois]] mwaka [[1949]] ambaye alikuwa amefanya kazi huko Chicago kwa jarida la Esquire akiandika nakala za matangazo; [[Kampuni]] ya Maendeleo ya Mchapishaji katika [[mauzo]] na uuzaji; na jarida la Children's Activities kama meneja wa matangazo ya usambazaji alikuwa amepanga vipengele vya [[jarida]] lake, ambalo angeliita Stag Party. Aliunda HMH Publishing Corporation, na akamudu rafiki yake Eldon Sellers kutafuta wawekezaji. Hefner hatimaye alikusanya zaidi ya $8,000, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutoka kwa kaka yake na mama yake. Hata hivyo, mchapishaji wa jarida lisilohusiana la matukio ya wanaume, Stag, alimwasiliana na Hefner na kumwambia kwamba angeshtaki kulinda alama yao ya Biashara ikiwa angezindua jarida lake kwa jina hilo. Hefner, mke wake Millie, na Sellers walikutana kutafuta jina jipya, wakizingatia "Top Hat", "Gentleman", "Sir'", "Satyr", "Pan", na "Bachelor" kabla ya Sellers kupendekeza "Playboy".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/nov/13/playboy-group-sale-talk-iconix|title=Iconix 'makes offer for Playboy'|work=The Guardian|access-date=October 7, 2011|location=London|first=Richard|last=Wray|date=November 13, 2009}}</ref> Lilipatikana Desemba [[1953]], toleo la kwanza halikuwa na [[tarehe]], kwani Hefner hakuwa na uhakika kama kungekuwa na la pili. Alilitengeneza katika jiko lake la Hyde Park. Picha ya kwanza ya katikati ilikuwa Marilyn Monroe, ingawa picha iliyotumika awali ilipigwa kwa kalenda badala ya Playboy. Hefner alichagua kile alichoona kuwa [[picha]] ya "sexi zaidi", uchunguzi wa uchi wa Monroe ambao haukutumika hapo awali akiwa ameunyosha mkono juu kwenye mandhari ya velvet nyekundu akiwa amefumba macho na mdomo wazi. Matangazo makubwa yaliyozingatia uchi wa Monroe kwenye kalenda iliyokuwa tayari maarufu, pamoja na vichochezi katika uuzaji, vilifanya jarida jipya la Playboy lifanikiwe. Toleo la kwanza liliuzwa kabisa ndani ya wiki. Usambazaji uliojulikana ulikuwa 53,991. Bei ya jalada ilikuwa 50¢. Nakala za toleo la kwanza katika hali ya mint hadi karibu-mint ziliuzwa kwa zaidi ya $5,000 mwaka [[2002]]. Riwaya ya Fahrenheit 451, na Ray Bradbury, ilichapishwa mwaka [[1953]] na kuwekwa katika mfululizo katika toleo la Machi, Aprili na Mei [[1954]] la Playboy. Hadithi ya mijini ilianza kuhusu Hefner na Playmate wa [[Mwezi]] kwa sababu ya alama kwenye jalada za mbele za jarida. Kuanzia [[1955]] hadi [[1979]] (isipokuwa pengo la miezi sita mwaka [[1976]]), "P" katika Playboy ilikuwa na [[nyota]] zilizochapishwa ndani au karibu na herufi hiyo. Hadithi ya mijini ilisema kwamba hii ilikuwa ama ukadiriaji ambao Hefner alimpa Playmate kulingana na jinsi alivyokuwa wa kuvutia, idadi ya mara ambazo Hefner alikuwa amelala naye, au jinsi alivyokuwa mzuri kitandani. Kwa kweli, nyota, kati ya sifuri hadi [[12]], zilionyesha eneo la matangazo la ndani au la kimataifa kwa uchapishaji huo.<ref name="Playboy-za">{{cite web |title=Playboy – South Africa |url=https://playboy.co.za/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |quote=© Copyright © 2020 DHS Media Group (Pty) Ltd, Licensed from Playboy Enterprises. |archive-date=2025-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304103512/https://playboy.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nypost-pay-for-play">{{cite news |last1=Hauswirth |first1=Heather |last2=Kelly |first2=Keith J. |title=The pay-for-play scandal behind many sexy Maxim, Playboy 'covers' |url=https://nypost.com/2021/08/11/the-pay-for-play-scandal-behind-many-sexy-maxim-playboy-covers/ |access-date=3 October 2021 |work=New York Post |date=11 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="podbean-Grit-Steenekamp">{{cite web |title=Dirk Steenekamp, CEO – DHS Media Group |url=https://beyondgrit.podbean.com/e/dirk-steenekamp-ceo-dhs-media-group/ |website=Beyond Grit with Robert Young |publisher=podbean |access-date=3 October 2021 |date=2021-09-08}}<!-- https://feed.podbean.com/beyondgrit/feed.xml --></ref><ref name="bizcommunity-DHS">{{cite web |title=DHS Media obtains publishing rights to BBC Top Gear Magazine South Africa |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/367/157527.html |website=Publishing News South Africa |publisher=bizcommunity.com |access-date=3 October 2021 |quote=DHS Media Publisher and CEO Dirk Steenekamp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=DHS Media Group – K2016212484 – South Africa |url=https://b2bhint.com/en/company/za/dhs-media-group--K2016212484 |website=b2bhint.com |access-date=3 October 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:magazeti ya Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 5icsm0zqfnikz4htv7zsc1fo1q05rug 0 205187 1585203 1580181 2026-08-07T02:06:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Sheila Rowbotham''' FRSA (alizaliwa [[27 Februari]] [[1943]]) ni mwananadharia na mwanahistoria wa Kifeministi wa Kisoshalisti kutoka Uingereza. Ni mwandishi wa vitabu vingi mashuhuri katika nyanja ya masomo ya wanawake, vikiwemo ''Hidden from History'' ([[1973]]), ''Beyond the Fragments'' ([[1979]]), ''A Century of Women'' (1997), na ''Threads Through Time'' ([[1999]]), pamoja na kitabu cha kumbukumbu cha mwaka 2021 ''Daring to Hope: My Life in the [[1970|1970s]]''. Tangu mwaka [[2010]], amekuwa akiishi Bristol.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rowbotham |first=Sheila |author-link=Sheila Rowbotham |year=1995 |chapter=Retrieval and Renewal |editor1-last=Callari |editor1-first=Antonio |editor2-last=Cullenberg |editor2-first=Stephen |editor3-last=Biewener |editor3-first=Carole |title=Marxism in the Postmodern Age: Confronting the New World Order |url=https://archive.org/details/marxisminpostmod0000unse |location=New York |publisher=Guildford Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/marxisminpostmod0000unse/page/71 71] |isbn=978-0-89862-424-3}}</ref> Rowbotham alizaliwa tarehe [[27 Februari]] [[1943]] mjini Leeds (ambayo kwa sasa ipo ndani ya West Yorkshire). Alikuwa binti wa muuzaji wa kampuni ya uhandisi na mfanyakazi wa ofisi. Tangu utotoni, alivutiwa sana na historia. Ameandika kuwa historia ya kisiasa ya jadi “haikumvutia,” lakini alimshukuru Olga Wilkinson, mmoja wa walimu wake, kwa kumtia moyo katika historia ya jamii kwa kumwonyesha kuwa historia "ilikuwa ya sasa, si tu ya vitabu vya kiada vya historia."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kinsman |first=Gary |year=2009 |title=The Politics of Revolution: Learning from Autonomist Marxism |url=https://uppingtheanti.org/journal/article/01-the-politics-of-revolution/ |journal=Upping the Anti |issue=1 |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Brock |first=Deborah |author-link=Deborah R. Brock |title='Workers of the World Caress': An Interview with Gary Kinsman on Gay and Lesbian Organizing in the 1970's Toronto Left |url=http://www.yorku.ca/lefthist/online/brock_kinsman.html |work=Left History |access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref> Rowbotham alisoma katika Chuo cha St Hilda’s cha Chuo Kikuu cha [[Oxford]], kisha akaendelea katika Chuo Kikuu cha London. Alianza kazi yake kama mwalimu katika shule za sekondari za umma na [[taasisi]] za elimu ya juu au elimu ya watu wazima. Akiwa St Hilda’s College, aliona mtaala wa masomo yenye msisitizo mkubwa kwenye historia ya kisiasa haukuwa na mvuto kwake. Amejielezea wakati huo alipokuwa akisoma St Hilda’s kuwa hakuwa "mfuasi wa mrengo wa kushoto hata kidogo" bali alikuwa "aina ya hippy wa kimistiko." Hata hivyo, [[muda]] si mrefu alianza kuwasiliana na wanaharakati wa mrengo wa kushoto, wakiwemo wanafunzi wenzake wa Oxford kama Gareth Stedman Jones, ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa mwanahistoria mashuhuri.<ref name=Jacobin>{{cite web |url=https://jacobinmag.com/2020/06/sheila-rowbotham-gabriel-winant-british-socialist-feminism |title=Sheila Rowbotham on E.&nbsp;P. Thompson, Feminism, and the 1960s |last=Press |first=Alex N.|author2=Gabriel Winant |date=29 June 2020|website=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|access-date=30 June 2020}}</ref> Rowbotham pia alikutana na E. P. Thompson na Dorothy Thompson baada ya mwalimu wake kupendekeza kuwa awatembelee kutokana na shauku yao juu ya harakati za Wafanyakazi na Chartism. Alisoma rasimu ya kitabu ''The Making of the English Working Class'' cha E. P. Thompson, ambacho amekielezea kuwa "tofauti na vitabu vyote vya historia alivyowahi kusoma." Kupitia ushiriki wake katika Kampeni ya Kupinga Silaha za Nyuklia na miduara mbalimbali ya kisoshalisti, ikiwemo tawi la vijana la Chama cha Labour, yaani ''Young Socialists'', Rowbotham alijifunza mawazo ya Karl Marx. Hata hivyo, alikatishwa tamaa na siasa za vyama, hivyo akajitosa katika kampeni mbalimbali za mrengo wa kushoto, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuandika kwa gazeti la kisiasa la mrengo mkali, ''Black Dwarf'', ambapo pia alijiunga na jopo lake la wahariri.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Cadwalladr |first=Carole|author-link=Carole Cadwalladr |date=7 December 2008 |title=It's been a long journey - and we're not there yet |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/dec/07/women-equality-rights-feminism-sexism-women-s-liberation-conference |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref> == Maisha == Katika miaka ya [[1960]], Rowbotham pamoja na Sally Alexander na Anna Davin walikuwa miongoni mwa waanzilishi na [[viongozi]] wa harakati ya History Workshop iliyohusishwa na Chuo cha Ruskin. Harakati ya History Workshop ilitaka kuandika "historia kutoka chini" kwa kuzingatia uzoefu wa watu wa kawaida kwa kuunganisha [[tamaduni]] ya Wamarxisti ya kuandika historia na tamaduni ya harakati ya wafanyakazi. Kuelekea mwisho wa miaka ya [[1960]], Rowbotham alijihusisha na harakati ya ukombozi wa wanawake inayokua (pia inajulikana kama ufeministi wa wimbi la pili); mnamo [[1969]], alichapisha kijitabu chake "''Women's Liberation and the New Politics,''" ambacho kilisema kuwa nadharia ya Ujamaa inahitaji kuzingatia ukandamizaji wa [[wanawake]] katika suala la kitamaduni pamoja na kiuchumi. Alihusika sana katika mkutano wa "Beyond the Fragments" (hatimaye kitabu), ambao ulijaribu kuunganisha mikondo ya ujamaa wa kidemokrasia na ujamaa wa [[kifeministi]] nchini [[Uingereza]]. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waandaaji wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Ukombozi wa Wanawake mnamo [[1970]], ambao uliweka madai yanayohusiana na masuala kama vile malipo sawa, [[elimu]] na [[uzazi]] wa mpango bila [[malipo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Last year's shortlist|accessdate=26 July 2011|publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/about/people/tait-black/shortlist-2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/americas/2012/04/sheila-rowbotham-writer-in-residence-from-whitman-to-the-wire.html|title=Sheila Rowbotham, Writer in Residence: From Whitman to The Wire|website=Americas and Oceania Collections blog|publisher=British Library|date=17 April 2012|access-date=29 March 2024|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123050736/https://blogs.bl.uk/americas/2012/04/sheila-rowbotham-writer-in-residence-from-whitman-to-the-wire.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/nov/29/daring-to-hope-by-sheila-rowbotham-review-on-the-frontline-of-70s-feminism|title=Daring to Hope by Sheila Rowbotham review – on the frontline of 70s feminism|first=Yvonne|last=Roberts|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 November 2021}}</ref><ref name=UniversityofBristol /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://epigram.org.uk/in-person-graduations-return-to-university-of-bristol-after-two-years/|title=First in-person graduation to be held at Bristol University since 2020|first=Holly|last=Beaumont|website=Epigram|date=7 April 2022|access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] c42b8cj81ozun3kfer9kinzs3sjn2hi 0 205252 1585420 1457090 2026-08-07T11:16:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wendy McElroy''' (alizaliwa [[1951]]) ni mwandishi wa feminism ya kipekee na Voluntaryism kutoka [[Kanada]]. McElroy ni mhariri wa tovuti ya ifeminists.net.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifeminists.net/about/|title=ifeminists.com > about|website=ifeminists.net}}</ref> [[File:Wendy McElroy 16 September 2006 AM 2.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Wendy McElroy, 16 Septemba 2006]] McElroy ni mwandishi wa kitabu cha ''Rape Culture Hysteria'', ambacho anadai kuwa utamaduni wa ubakaji ni matokeo ya hisia za umaarufu zinazohusiana na uharibifu wa wanaume, na hasa, wanaume weupe.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Presley|first1=Sharon|title=A Review of Rape Culture Hysteria: Fixing the Damage Done to Men and Women|website=Libertarianism.org|date=July 11, 2016|url=https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/review-rape-culture-hysteria-fixing-damage-done-men-women-wendy-mcelroy|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-date=2024-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715205037/https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/review-rape-culture-hysteria-fixing-damage-done-men-women-wendy-mcelroy|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Beaver|first1=William|title=Book Review|journal=[[The Independent Review]]|date=Fall 2016|volume=21|issue=2|url=http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?id=1162|access-date=11 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=Jane S.|title=Is There Really a Rape Culture on Our Campuses?|url=https://www.jamesgmartin.center/2016/10/really-rape-culture-campuses/|website=The James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal|date=October 26, 2016|access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2014, McElroy alikubaliana kushiriki mjadala na Jessica Valenti katika mjadala wa Janus Forum wa Chuo Kikuu cha Brown kuhusu "Vyuo Vikuu vinapaswa Kuvishughulikia vipi Masuala ya Ubakaji?". Kabla ya mjadala huo, Rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha Brown Christina Paxson alituma barua pepe kwa wanafunzi wote akisema kuwa alikubaliana na mitazamo ya McElroy, na kuanzisha tukio mbadala kwa wakati mmoja ili kushindana na mjadala huo.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Camilla|last1=Brandfield-Harvey|first2=Caroline|last2=Kelly|title=Janus Forum sexual assault event sparks controversy|url=http://www.browndailyherald.com/2014/11/17/janus-forum-sexual-assault-event-sparks-controversy/|access-date=11 April 2018|work=[[The Brown Daily Herald]]|date=November 17, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Saffron|first1=Jesse|title=An Intellectual Cocoon|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/phi-beta-cons/intellectual-cocoon-jesse-saffron/|publisher=National Review|access-date=11 April 2018|date=November 20, 2014}}</ref> Matendo ya wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Brown na Paxson yalikosolewa na wachambuzi mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite news|first=Adam B.|last=Summers|title=The macroagression of shutting down debate|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2015/04/01/the-macroaggression-of-shutting-down-debate/|newspaper=[[The Orange County Register]]|access-date=11 April 2018|date=April 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Judith|last=Shulevitz|author-link=Judith Shulevitz|title=In College and Hiding From Scary Ideas [Opinion]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/22/opinion/sunday/judith-shulevitz-hiding-from-scary-ideas.html|access-date=11 April 2018|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Shane|last=Courtland|title=Protecting speech on college campuses is essential to the pursuit of knowledge|url=https://www.wvnews.com/statejournal/opinion/protecting-speech-on-college-campuses-is-essential-to-the-pursuit/article_4d3af411-2c0b-5ffd-8c94-746d28b2cc50.html|access-date=11 April 2018|work=[[The State Journal (West Virginia)|The State Journal]]|publisher=WVNews.com|date=February 19, 2018|location=Clarksburg, West Virginia}}</ref> == Kazi Zilizochapishwa == ; Vitabu * ''National Identification Systems: Essays in Opposition'', na [[Carl Watner]], Wendy McElroy, 2004 {{ISBN|0786415959}} * ''Debates of Liberty: An Overview of Individualist Anarchism, 1881–1908'', 2003 {{ISBN|073910473X}} * {{cite book|title=Liberty for Women: Freedom and Feminism in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://archive.org/details/libertyforwomenf0000unse |date=2002 |location=Chicago |publisher=Ivan R. Dee |isbn=978-1566634359 |oclc=260069067}} * ''Sexual Correctness: The Gender-Feminist Attack on Women'', 2001 * ''Dissenting Electorate: Those Who Refuse to Vote and the Legitimacy of Their Opposition'', na Carl Watner, Wendy McElroy, 2001 == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 8sw2erlh7x9ld98etm8kduj79tfrd24 0 207158 1585179 1428562 2026-08-06T22:16:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Macree''' (alizaliwa [https://www.bairstoweves.co.uk/blog/guides/barking-best-areas#/ Barking], [[Uingereza]], [[19 Juni]] [[1971]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa squash <ref>https://www.squashinfo.com/player/303-rebecca-macree</ref> ambaye alizaliwa akiwa kiziwi, lakini licha ya [[ulemavu]] huo, alifanikiwa kushinda mataji 8 katika fainali 24 alizoshiriki katika kipindi cha miaka 17 kwenye mzunguko wa [https://www.sportcal.com/pressreleases/womens-international-squash-players-association-introduces-mentoring/ WISPA] kuanzia [[1993]] hadi [[2005]].<ref>https://www.squashinfo.com/latest-news/395-macree-bids-farewell</ref> Aliliwakilisha taifa la [[Uingereza]] katika Mashindano ya Dunia na Ulaya ya Timu ya Squash. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi yalikuwa kuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Mashindano ya Dunia ya Squash ya Wanawake yaliyofanyika [[Sheffield]] mwaka 2000. Alifikia nafasi ya juu kabisa ya dunia ya namba 7 mnamo Mei 2003. Mafanikio haya yanamuweka miongoni mwa wanamichezo wenye ulemavu wa kusikia waliofanikiwa zaidi duniani. Macree alianza kucheza squash akiwa na umri wa miaka 14. Licha ya kuanza kucheza mchezo huo akiwa na umri mkubwa kidogo, aliupenda mara moja na akaanza kushinda mashindano ya vijana haraka na alianza kucheza kitaalamu mwaka 1993. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Macree alijulikana kwa kuwa mchezaji mwenye ushindani mkali na aliyesema mambo waziwazi, mara nyingine akionyesha hasira uwanjani. Mwaka 2002, alifungiwa kwa siku 42 na Chama cha Kimataifa cha Wachezaji wa Squash Wanawake baada ya kutokea mabishano makali na refa kwenye mashindano ya Singapore Open, yaliyomalizika kwa Macree kumtukana refa kwa kumwita "Mtu wa hovyo".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportageous.co/rebecca-macree-talks-squash-through-the-90s-deafness-and-her-successes/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2025-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818174825/https://www.sportageous.co/rebecca-macree-talks-squash-through-the-90s-deafness-and-her-successes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wiki4Inclusion Campaign in Tanzania Phase 2]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ax0m6zapd0jxoroygr5vobqozras6my 1585410 1585179 2026-08-07T10:38:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Macree''' (alizaliwa [https://www.bairstoweves.co.uk/blog/guides/barking-best-areas#/ Barking], [[Uingereza]], [[19 Juni]] [[1971]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa squash <ref>https://www.squashinfo.com/player/303-rebecca-macree</ref> ambaye alizaliwa akiwa kiziwi, lakini licha ya [[ulemavu]] huo, alifanikiwa kushinda mataji 8 katika fainali 24 alizoshiriki katika kipindi cha miaka 17 kwenye mzunguko wa [https://www.sportcal.com/pressreleases/womens-international-squash-players-association-introduces-mentoring/ WISPA] kuanzia [[1993]] hadi [[2005]].<ref>https://www.squashinfo.com/latest-news/395-macree-bids-farewell</ref> Aliliwakilisha taifa la [[Uingereza]] katika Mashindano ya Dunia na Ulaya ya Timu ya Squash. Mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi yalikuwa kuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Mashindano ya Dunia ya Squash ya Wanawake yaliyofanyika [[Sheffield]] mwaka 2000. Alifikia nafasi ya juu kabisa ya dunia ya namba 7 mnamo Mei 2003. Mafanikio haya yanamuweka miongoni mwa wanamichezo wenye ulemavu wa kusikia waliofanikiwa zaidi duniani. Macree alianza kucheza squash akiwa na umri wa miaka 14. Licha ya kuanza kucheza mchezo huo akiwa na umri mkubwa kidogo, aliupenda mara moja na akaanza kushinda mashindano ya vijana haraka na alianza kucheza kitaalamu mwaka 1993. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Macree alijulikana kwa kuwa mchezaji mwenye ushindani mkali na aliyesema mambo waziwazi, mara nyingine akionyesha hasira uwanjani. Mwaka 2002, alifungiwa kwa siku 42 na Chama cha Kimataifa cha Wachezaji wa Squash Wanawake baada ya kutokea mabishano makali na refa kwenye mashindano ya Singapore Open, yaliyomalizika kwa Macree kumtukana refa kwa kumwita "Mtu wa hovyo".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.sportageous.co/rebecca-macree-talks-squash-through-the-90s-deafness-and-her-successes/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-06-05 |archive-date=2025-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818174825/https://www.sportageous.co/rebecca-macree-talks-squash-through-the-90s-deafness-and-her-successes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wiki4Inclusion Campaign in Tanzania Phase 2]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1lmp60sxuzmlrzckx4w5untyvvb3fn6 0 208443 1585221 1436653 2026-08-07T03:21:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solange Lwashiga Furaha''' (alizaliwa katika [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini]], 16 Aprili 1969) ni mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu na haki za wanawake nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Wasifu == Solange Lwashiga Furaha alizaliwa tarehe 16 Aprili 1969 katika eneo la kisiwa cha Iji, katikati ya Ziwa Kivu, katika Mkoa wa Sud-Kivu. Yeye ni mtoto wa mwisho katika familia ya watoto wanane. Alimaliza elimu yake ya msingi kwanza katika EP Lweza, kisha katika EP Bupemta, shule ya Kikatoliki ambako alipata cheti chake cha shule ya msingi. Alijiunga na Taasisi ya Karyanda kisha Shule ya Upili ya Wima huko Bukavu. == Kazi == Solange Furaha alisoma katika Taasisi ya Ualimu ya Bukavu, ambapo alipata shahada ya kwanza ya ualimu katika idara ya utamaduni wa Kiafrika <ref name="international-alert.org">{{Rejea tovuti|author=|title=Women for peace: Solange, DRC|url=http://www.international-alert.org/stories/women-peace-solange-drc|work=International Alert|date=|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref>. Furaha alikuwa mwalimu wa shule ya sekondari kwa zaidi ya miaka kumi, kabla ya kuwa mwanachama na kisha katibu mtendaji wa ''Caucus ya Wanawake wa Kongo wa Kivu Kusini kwa Amani'', mshirika wa Tahadhari ya Kimataifa nchini DRC tangu 2003 <ref name="nobelwomensinitiative.org">{{Rejea tovuti|author=|title=Spotlight: Solange Lwashiga Furaha - Nobel Women's Initiative|url=https://nobelwomensinitiative.org/spotlight-solange-lwashiga-furaha/|work=nobelwomensinitiative.org|date=21 February 2014|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref>,<ref name="beautyinthemiddle.org">{{Rejea tovuti|author=|title=Solange Lwashiga Furaha|url=http://www.beautyinthemiddle.org/solange-lwashiga-furaha-video/|work=Beauty in the Middle - Women of Congo Speak Out|date=|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref>. Mnamo 2014, Furaha alishiriki katika ''Urembo Katikati: Wanawake wa Kongo Wazungumze''. Yeye ndiye kituo cha kitaifa cha mawasiliano cha Hakuna Bila Wanawake na anaamini kwamba ni kwa kuhakikisha tu kwamba wanawake wanajumuishwa katika mazungumzo yote ya amani ndipo Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo itapata amani <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=|title=Contact - Rien sans les femmes|url=http://riensanslesfemmes.org/contact/|work=riensanslesfemmes.org|date=|accessdate=11 November 2017|archive-date=2025-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709012722/https://riensanslesfemmes.org/contact/|url-status=dead}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1969|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] erzgqw728muxsijlrahuwnmtexiyp4s 0 208444 1585297 1463758 2026-08-07T05:27:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tatiana Mukanire Bandalire''' ni mwanaharakati kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo anayepigania kukomesha [[unyanyasaji wa kijinsia]]. Yeye ni mratibu wa kitaifa wa Vuguvugu la Kitaifa la Waathirika wa Unyanyasaji wa Kijinsia nchini humo . == Wasifu == Utotoni, Tatiana Mukanire Bandalire aliishi katika eneo la Sud-Kivu. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 5, baada ya mama yake kufariki, alihifadhiwa katika kituo cha watoto yatima, kwani baba yake alikuwa amefariki alipokuwa na miaka 2 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Congo : Réparer l'irréparable - 28 Minutes|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPljef39sS8|date=2021-11-17|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref> . Mwaka 2004 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Prix Nobel: Mukwege docteur et avocat des fillettes violées de Kavumu|url=https://www.capital.fr/conso/prix-nobel-mukwege-docteur-et-avocat-des-fillettes-violees-de-kavumu-1319018|date=2018-12-07|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref>, alipokuwa mhanga wa ubakaji wakati wa uasi wa Bukavu mwanzoni mwa vita vya Kivu <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|author=Abiud Olinde|title=Tatiana Mukanire : « Je sais qui sont mes bourreaux, je suis témoin, je suis une preuve vivante que des crimes les plus graves ont été commis »|url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-87312_tatiana_mukanire_je_sais_qui_sont_mes_bourreaux_je_suis_temoin_je_suis_une_preuve_vivante_que_des_crimes_les_plus_graves_ont_ete_commis.html|date=2021-05-19|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref>, alihudumiwa na daktari Denis Mukwege katika hospitali ya Panzi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|author=Lena Bjurström|title=Viols de guerre : sororité de combat|url=http://www.politis.fr/articles/2019/10/viols-de-guerre-sororite-de-combat-40923/|date=2019-10-09|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref> . Akiwa katika mchakato wa kupona, alibadilishana mawazo na manusura wengine wa ubakaji wa vita, jambo lililomchochea mwaka 2017 kushiriki katika kuanzisha Vuguvugu la Manusura wa Unyanyasaji wa Kijinsia nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, pamoja na mtandao wa kimataifa wa waathirika na manusura wa unyanyasaji wa kijinsia wa vita uitwao SEMA, unaolenga kukomesha ukatili huo <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en-US|title=SEMA Network|url=https://www.mukwegefoundation.org/sema/|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref>, ambayo alikua mshiriki wa kitaifa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Hasa, inafanya kampeni ya utekelezaji wa mapendekezo ya ripoti ya Mradi wa Ramani kuhusu ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu na sheria za kimataifa uliofanywa kati ya 1993 na 2003 katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|author=Justin Mwamba|title=RDC: A Bukavu, les survivantes des violences sexuelles plaident pour l’application des recommandations du rapport Mapping|url=https://actualite.cd/2019/12/11/rdc-bukavu-les-survivantes-des-violences-sexuelles-plaident-pour-lapplication-des|date=2019-12-11|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref>,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Signez la pétition demandant aux Nations Unies de lever l'embargo sur la base de données des présumés auteurs des crimes documentés dans le Rapport Mapping|url=https://deboutcongolaises.org/signez-la-petition-demandant-de-lever-lembargo-sur-la-base-de-donnees-des-presumes-auteurs-des-crimes-documentes-dans-le-rapport-mapping/|date=2020-08-14|accessdate=2021-11-18|archive-date=2024-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528173706/https://deboutcongolaises.org/signez-la-petition-demandant-de-lever-lembargo-sur-la-base-de-donnees-des-presumes-auteurs-des-crimes-documentes-dans-le-rapport-mapping/|url-status=dead}}</ref> . Akiwa amesoma katika Taasisi ya Juu ya Ualimu (ISP) huko Bukavu <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|author=[[Colette Braeckman]]|title=Une Congolaise à la tête de l’association mondiale des survivantes du viol|url=https://www.lesoir.be/215653/article/2019-03-31/une-congolaise-la-tete-de-lassociation-mondiale-des-survivantes-du-viol|date=2019-03-31|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref>, anafanya kazi katika nchi mbalimbali duniani ili kuongeza ufahamu wa mapambano dhidi ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia, hasa wakati wa matukio mbalimbali yaliyoandaliwa huko [[Jiji la New York|New York]] wakati wa [[UNCSW|Tume ya Hali ya Wanawake]] (CSW) mwezi machi 2019 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Une semaine d’action et de plaidoyer par les survivantes lors de la commission sur le Statut des Femmes|url=https://www.mukwegefoundation.org/une-semaine-daction-et-de-plaidoyer-par-les-survivantes-lors-de-la-commission-sur-le-statut-des-femmes/|date=2019-04-29|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref> au katika Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Brussels kwa mkutano ulioandaliwa na 2 Monde 3 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|format=pdf|title=Actes de colloque. Quelles voix pour la prise en compte des violences basées sur le genre (VBG) ? Regards croisés sur les bonnes pratiques d’ici et d’ailleurs|url=https://medecinsdumonde.be/system/files/publications/downloads/Actes%20de%20colloque_WEB_DEF.pdf|date=mai 2019|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref> Yeye ni msaidizi wa utayarishaji wa filamu ya ''SEMA'', iliyoandikwa na kuigizwa na walionusurika ubakaji, ambayo itatolewa mnamo juni kwenye YouTube <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=Sarah|title=SEMA, un film sur la survie par des survivantes|url=https://www.myafroweek.com/sema-un-film-sur-la-survie-par-des-survivantes/|date=2020-06-22|accessdate=2021-11-18|archive-date=2021-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118053947/https://www.myafroweek.com/sema-un-film-sur-la-survie-par-des-survivantes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> . Mnamo Oktoba 2021, alizungumza mjini [[Kinshasa]] katika meza ya duara iliyolenga kuanzisha hazina ya kitaifa ya fidia kwa waathiriwa wa unyanyasaji wa kingono unaohusiana na migogoro. Mwaka huo alikuwa mmoja wa wahitimu tisa wa Tuzo ya Amani ya Wanawake ya Taasisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ''ya Kujenga Amani''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|author=Nathalie Barge|title=La Kényane Joséphine Ekiru remporte le prix Women Building Peace de l'Institut de la Paix des Etats-Unis|url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/la-kényane-joséphine-ekiru-remporte-le-prix-women-building-peace-de-l-institut-de-la-paix-des-etats-unis-/6281113.html|date=2021-10-22|accessdate=2021-11-18}}</ref> Baada ya kumkabidhi Hugues Dewavrin, rais wa shirika lisilo la kiserikali la La Guilde Européenne du Raid, ushuhuda ulioandikwa wa unyanyasaji aliopata mwanzoni mwa 2020, alichapisha mnamo novemba 2021, na matoleo Des femmes - Antoinette-Fouque, hadithi ya kupinga ukatili wa kingono na ''Au-delmony de larmes a testomony'' wakati wa vita. Mwigizaji Guila Clara Kessous aliisoma mwaka uliofuata kwa mkusanyiko wa vitabu vya sauti vya nyumba hiyo, "Maktaba ya Sauti", na kupokea kwa usomaji wake wa Grand Prix Document du livre audio iliyotolewa na chama cha kukuza vitabu vya sauti La Plume de Paon <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Les lauréats du Grand Prix du livre audio 2023 révélés|url=https://actualitte.com/article/112388/prix-litteraires/les-laureats-du-grand-prix-du-livre-audio-2023-reveles|accessdate=2023-07-14}}</ref> . == Machapisho == * ''Beyond Our Tears'', [[Denis Mukwege]] (pref.), Matoleo ya Wanawake - Antoinette Fouque, Paris, 2021 * ''Beyond Our Tears'' (kitabu cha sauti), kilichosomwa na Guila Clara Kessous, Maktaba ya Sauti ''wanawake'' - Antoinette Fouque, Paris, 2022 - Hati ya Kitabu cha Sauti cha Grand Prix na La Plume de Paon <ref name=":0"/> . ==Tazama pia== * [[Julienne Lusenge]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|karne ya 20|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] hc1x4pm99tq7k80pgrf4j7r0c1rztu7 4 208508 1585088 1584674 2026-08-06T14:24:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1585088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2377 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1378 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 469 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 413 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 283 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34980 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20100 || ↓ -35.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 116.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2307 || ↓ -17.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 804 || ↓ -40.0% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 518 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 4 || [[Hispania]] || 482 || ↑ +74.0% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 449 || ↓ -23.4% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 435 || ↓ -35.0% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 428 || ↓ -22.0% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 413 || ↓ -11.4% |- | 9 || [[Misri]] || 381 || ↑ +7.0% |- | 10 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -40.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 133 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} fx7lkz19a889vymssom30vx6fzffbbx 1585089 1585088 2026-08-06T14:26:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1585089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2377 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1378 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 469 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 434 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 413 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 283 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 272 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 289 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34980 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20100 || ↓ -35.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 116.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2307 || ↓ -17.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 804 || ↓ -40.0% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 518 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 4 || [[Hispania]] || 482 || ↑ +74.0% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 449 || ↓ -23.4% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 435 || ↓ -35.0% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 428 || ↓ -22.0% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 413 || ↓ -11.4% |- | 9 || [[Misri]] || 381 || ↑ +7.0% |- | 10 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -40.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 133 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} je54skzr45iugumxho3w3gzm4d1u1l2 1585189 1585089 2026-08-07T00:07:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1585189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-07) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-07)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 518 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2293 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 804 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1323 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 477 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 340 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 428 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 413 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 269 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 247 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34980 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20100 || ↓ -35.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 116.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2307 || ↓ -17.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 804 || ↓ -40.0% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 518 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 4 || [[Hispania]] || 482 || ↑ +74.0% |- | 5 || [[Urusi]] || 449 || ↓ -23.4% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 435 || ↓ -35.0% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 428 || ↓ -22.0% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 413 || ↓ -11.4% |- | 9 || [[Misri]] || 381 || ↑ +7.0% |- | 10 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -40.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 133 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} th01184ljydpel1le7fnvlz45eqezag 1585190 1585189 2026-08-07T00:08:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1585190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-07) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-07)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 518 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2293 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 804 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1323 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 477 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 340 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 449 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 428 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 413 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 269 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 247 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34980 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 15176 || ↓ -39.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 87.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 804 || ↓ -40.0% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 524 || ↓ -27.7% |- | 3 || [[Hispania]] || 477 || ↑ +71.6% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 449 || ↓ -23.4% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 418 || ↓ -37.4% |- | 6 || [[Uingereza]] || 413 || ↓ -11.4% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 411 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -40.3% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -16.4% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 336 || ↓ -14.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} tun0wxvharcx7uzaxbypkvc7e7fe8fl 1585335 1585190 2026-08-07T07:24:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1585335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-07) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-07)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2386 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 810 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1405 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 346 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 491 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 414 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 283 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 346 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34980 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 15176 || ↓ -39.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 87.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 804 || ↓ -40.0% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 524 || ↓ -27.7% |- | 3 || [[Hispania]] || 477 || ↑ +71.6% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 449 || ↓ -23.4% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 418 || ↓ -37.4% |- | 6 || [[Uingereza]] || 413 || ↓ -11.4% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 411 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -40.3% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -16.4% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 336 || ↓ -14.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} ptnntqyddtzoz8hjb4crdy9xmv7hc0c 1585336 1585335 2026-08-07T07:26:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1585336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-07) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 61 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 27 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-07)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 426 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 541 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2386 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 810 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1405 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 346 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 491 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 414 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 283 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 346 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 293 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 173 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34980 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19593 || ↓ -35.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 202.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 113.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2293 || ↓ -18.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 790 || ↓ -41.3% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 524 || ↓ -27.7% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 491 || ↓ -12.3% |- | 5 || [[Hispania]] || 477 || ↑ +71.6% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 418 || ↓ -37.4% |- | 7 || [[Ufaransa]] || 411 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 397 || ↓ -18.6% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 346 || ↓ -41.4% |- | 10 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -16.4% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 587 || 42.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 360 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 132 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 119 || 8.7% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 146tlyvpywpepfixxl589ndsq76hhv3 0 216393 1585306 1526899 2026-08-07T05:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Temilade Salami''' (anajulikana pia kama '''Global Temi''') ni [[mtaalamu]] wa elimu ya tabia ya nchi na [[mawasiliano]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Alizaliwa tarehe [[10 Juni|10 Juni.]]<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Salami |first=Mudasiru |last2=Adetunji |first2=Ademuyiwa |last3=Olorunfemi |first3=Akintunde Olarewaju |last4=Alao-Daniel |first4=Adedamola Beatrice |last5=Adesiyan |first5=Taohoreed Adewale |date=2023-12-22 |title=Geochemical soil survey for gold in Ogudu-Ogbagba Area, Osun State, southwestern Nigeria |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11821-3 |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |volume=17 |issue=1 |doi=10.1007/s12517-023-11821-3 |issn=1866-7511}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prominent environmentalist, Temilade Salami, launches children’s book to drive sustainability culture|url=https://guardian.ng/features/prominent-environmentalist-temilade-salami-launches-childrens-book-to-drive-sustainability-culture/|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|date=2021-04-02|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en-US|author=Amos}}</ref> Temilade Salami ni [[mkurugenzi]] mtendaji wa shirika la "EcoChampions" shirika ambalo huwapa vijana barani [[Afrika]] [[zana]], na [[rasilimali]] muhimu zinazowezesha kuchukua hatua katika kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=30 UNDER 30 CHANGEMAKERS - Lawverse|url=https://lawverse.com.ng/resources/news-research/30-under-30-changemakers/|work=lawverse.com.ng|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en-US|author=Lawverse|archive-date=2024-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403201717/https://lawverse.com.ng/resources/news-research/30-under-30-changemakers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alitajwa kama mmoja wa [[Kiongozi|viongozi]] vijana 25 wa Nigeria  katika sekta ya Nishati na Uendelevu,  2018 aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa LASEPA  dhidi ya Uchafuzi wa Kelele, Idea Hub Africa Talent of the Future [[2018]] na Mfanyakazi wa Ubalozi wa [[Marekani]] [[Clarington, Ontario|Carrington]] Youth Fellow 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Temilade Salami|url=https://greeninstitute.ng/temilade-salami|work=THE GREEN INSTITUTE|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa Temilade, "mada ya elimu ya [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] haijapewa umuhimu wa kutosha katika nyanja za mjadala wa [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]], licha ya  kwamba [[elimu]] ni muhimu sana katika kusukuma mbele hatua za kukabiliana na changamoto hizo. Matokeo yake, vijana ambao wangeweza kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika uhandisi wa ufumbuzi wa mabadiliko ya tabianchi bado hawajapata [[elimu]] inayolenga masuala ya tabianchi. Badala yake, wanakabiliwa na changamoto kama  vile upungufu wa [[maarifa]] na [[ujuzi]],  Pamoja na ukosefu wa [[fedha]] kwa ajili ya elimu ya [[tabianchi]]. [[Vijana]] wanaopata elimu ya tabianchi wanakuwa na uelewa sahihi, maadili, na uwezo wa kufanya mabadiliko unaowawezesha kutambua na kushughulikia athari za mabadiliko ya tabianchi. Hivyo kuna umuhimu sana wa kuipania na kuimarisha elimu ya tabianchi ili iweze kukidhi mahitaji halisi ya  [[dunia]] ya sasa”.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What young people want for education at the UN General Assembly {{!}} Blog {{!}} Global Partnership for Education|url=https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/what-young-people-want-education-un-general-assembly|work=www.globalpartnership.org|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Temilade ni mwanachama wa [[UNESCO]] SDG4YOUTH Network, pia ni [[kiongozi]] kijana katika World Bank Global Partnership for Education.<ref name=":2" /> Alitajwa kama mmoja wa viongozi vijana 25 chini ya miaka 25 wa Nigeria wa 2020 katika [[Sera ya nishati|sekta ya Nishati]] na Uendelevu,  mwaka 2018 akawa Balozi wa LASEPA  dhidi ya Uchafuzi wa Kelele na pia Carrington Youth Fellow wa ubalozi wa [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Soyinka, Others Named Nigeria’s Changing Face Of Education|url=https://leadership.ng/soyinka-others-named-nigerias-changing-face-of-education/|date=2023-02-10|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en-US|author=Solomon Nda-Isaiah}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meet Temilade Salami co-winner of Univ. of Sussex COP Climate Leader Prize award|url=https://thisisafrica.me/africans-rising/temilade-salami-sussex-cop-climate-leader-prize/|date=2022-03-14|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en-US|author=Kylie Kiunguyu}}</ref> Ameandika vitabu viwili vya mazingira kwa watoto vilivyo na michoro. Alizindua Ushirika wa Viongozi wa Elimu ya Hali ya Hewa Barani [[Afrika]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Temilade Salami|date=2025-03-23|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temilade_Salami&oldid=1281898150|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2025-10-24}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Youth leaders {{!}} Global Partnership for Education|url=https://www.globalpartnership.org/who-we-are/partners/youth|work=www.globalpartnership.org|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en|archive-date=2025-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923033914/https://www.globalpartnership.org/who-we-are/partners/youth|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu == Ana shahada ya uzamili katika Mazingira, Maendeleo na Sera kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Sussex.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Alumni news : Sussex people : Falmer magazine : Development and Alumni Relations : University of Sussex|url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/alumni/falmer-magazine/people/alumni-news|work=www.sussex.ac.uk|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en|author=Web Team}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> * [[Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos]] [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada ya Kwanza]] (Sayansi ya Baharini) 2014 - 2018 * Ifelodun Comprehensive high School Cheti cha Sekondari ya Junior 2009 - 2011 == Maisha binafsi == Mnamo [[Mei]] [[2023]], Salami alifunga ndoa na Gideon Oluwaseun Olarewaju nchini Nigeria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nigerian bride ditches gown and wears suit for her civil wedding {{!}} Pulse Nigeria|url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/lifestyle/fashion/nigerian-bride-ditches-gown-and-wears-suit-for-her-civil-wedding-2024072611483358592|work=www.pulse.ng|accessdate=2025-10-24|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2025]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Nigeria]] rgvaq0dtau6kpcoreogyx5ro4ywzjb9 0 219511 1585199 1530234 2026-08-07T01:47:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seth Kwame Boateng''' ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa Ghana, alijulikana kwa kazi yake ya uandishi wa habari yenye matokeo, kama ilivyotambuliwa na [[WHO]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-02-28 |title=2 journalists from the Multimedia Group win WHO's Road Safety Reporting Contest – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/2-journalists-from-the-multimedia-group-win-whos-road-safety-reporting-contest/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Idara ya Jimbo la [[Marekani]], <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=4 Results Are Tagged With "Ghana" {{!}} International Exchange Alumni |url=https://alumni.state.gov/taxonomy/term/131 |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=alumni.state.gov |archive-date=2024-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123211352/https://alumni.state.gov/taxonomy/term/131 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Waandishi wa Habari (ICFJ), <ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Journalists from Six Countries Honored for Outstanding Health Reporting |url=https://www.icfj.org/news/journalists-six-countries-honored-outstanding-health-reporting |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=International Center for Journalists |language=en}}</ref> na [[Wakfu]] wa Vyombo vya Habari kwa [[Afrika ya Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Seth Kwame Boateng – User Profile |url=https://agln.aspeninstitute.org/profile/5621 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=AGLN – Aspen Global Leadership Network |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Agyeman |first=Adwoa |date=2019-12-16 |title=JoyNews' Seth Kwame Boateng grabs 3rd Master's degree from University of Leeds |url=https://www.adomonline.com/joynews-seth-kwame-boateng-grabs-3rd-masters-degree-from-university-of-leeds/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=info@theghanareport.com |first=Aba Asamoah / |date=2021-10-22 |title=How can 3,213 lawyers serve a country of over 30 million? – Yoni Kulendi wonders |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/how-can-3213-lawyers-serve-a-country-of-over-30-million-yoni-kulendi-wonders/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Seth Kwame Boateng |url=https://www.mfwa.org/wameca/winners/seth-kwame-boateng-2/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=WAMECA – Media Foundation For West Africa |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113192131/https://www.mfwa.org/wameca/winners/seth-kwame-boateng-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2015, aliibuka kama Mwanahabari Bora wa Mwaka wa GJA. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Desk |first=Publishing |date=2015-08-15 |title=Seth Kwame Boateng is Journalist of the year; TV3's Wendy Laryea wins 2 awards {{!}} 3News |url=https://3news.com/news/seth-kwame-boateng-is-journalist-of-the-year-tv3s-wendy-laryea-wins-2-awards/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=3news.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ghana]] geekmkdqfv1xz2nmyr2uyrtbhov16cf 0 220669 1585181 1489078 2026-08-06T22:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585181 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp''' ([[19 Agosti]] [[1983]] – [[14 Februari]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanamitindo]] na msaidizi wa kisheria (paralegal) kutoka nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alifanya uanamitindo kwa jarida la FHM na alikuwa uso wa kwanza wa Avon Cosmetics nchini Afrika Kusini. Steenkamp pia aliwahi kufanya kazi kama mtangazaji wa moja kwa moja wa FashionTV nchini Afrika Kusini, na kuonekana katika matangazo ya televisheni ya Toyota Land Cruiser, Clover Industries, Redds, na Aldor Pin Pop. Mwaka [[2012]], alikuwa mshiriki maarufu katika kipindi cha BBC Lifestyle, Baking Made Easy, na pia alishiriki katika Tropika Island of Treasure, msimu wa tano, ulioonyeshwa na SABC [[3 Februari]] [[2013]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chutel|first1=Lynsey|date=2024-01-05|title=Oscar Pistorius, Olympic Athlete Convicted of Murder, Is Released|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/05/world/africa/oscar-pistorius-released.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240105050937/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/05/world/africa/oscar-pistorius-released.html|archive-date=5 January 2024|access-date=5 January 2024|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Siku ya Wapendanao (Valentine’s Day) [[2013]], Steenkamp alipigwa risasi na kuuawa na mpenzi wake, Oscar Pistorius, nyumbani kwake mjini Pretoria. Pistorius alidai kuwa alidhani Steenkamp ni mvamizi aliyekuwa amejificha bafuni. Katika kesi ya kwanza, Pistorius alipatikana na hatia ya kuua bila kukusudia (culpable homicide) na kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka mitano. Tarehe [[3 Desemba]] [[2015]], Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Juu ya Afrika Kusini ilibatilisha hukumu hiyo na badala yake ikamhukumu Pistorius kwa mauaji, na kumpa kifungo cha miaka sita, ambacho baadaye kiliongezwa hadi miaka 13 na miezi 5 na Mahakama ya Rufaa. Pistorius aliachiliwa kwa msamaha wa masharti (parole) tarehe 5 Januari 2024, baada ya kutumikia jumla ya miaka 8.5 gerezani, pamoja na miezi saba ya kifungo cha nyumbani.<ref name="lancashire">{{cite news|title=Two years on – Blackburn-born June Steenkamp pays tributes to daughter Reeva...|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/11802503.Two_years_on___Blackburn_born_June_Steenkamp_pays_tributes_to_daughter_Reeva___/?ref=mr|access-date=2 October 2015|newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph|date=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aol.com/oscar-pistorius-denied-parole-prison-151736774.html|title=Oscar Pistorius denied parole from prison decade after murdering girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp|date=31 March 2023|accessdate=2026-01-20|archive-date=2026-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107091959/https://www.aol.com/oscar-pistorius-denied-parole-prison-151736774.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SkyNews">{{cite news|title=Reeva Steenkamp: The Girl Behind The Name|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1218903/reeva-steenkamp-the-girl-behind-the-name|access-date=5 April 2014|publisher=Sky News|date=28 February 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Afrika Kusini]] gcooi81vizs37gj2cjjtp3nv8mt9q3w 0 223366 1585265 1543436 2026-08-07T04:40:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia Kabene''' (alizaliwa [[3 Mei]] [[2007]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] anayecheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] kutoka nchini [[Uganda]]. Anachezea klabu ya St. Noa Girls katika Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya FUFA (FUFA Women Super League) na pia ni miongoni mwa wachezaji wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-09-26|title=Breaking: Kabene Seals a Move to Maltese Giants {{!}} Voice of Bugerere|url=https://voiceofbugerere.com/breaking-kabene-seals-a-move-to-maltese-giants/|access-date=2025-09-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi ya Klabu == Alipokuwa mwanafunzi katika Shule ya Wasichana ya St. Noa, Kabene alichezea timu ya mpira wa miguu ya shule hiyo ikishiriki katika ''FUFA Women Elite League'', ambapo alivutia umakini kwa uwezo wake wa kufunga mabao katika mechi za ligi, mashindano ya vikombe, na Michezo ya Fresh Dairy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mugalu|first=Jeremiah|date=29 Aprili 2024|title=Fresh Shajara Michezo: Slyvia Kabene, mashine ya mabao ya Shule ya Wasichana ya St Noa|url=https://thetouchlinesports.com/fresh-diary-games-slyvia-kabene-st-noa-girls-schools-goal-machine/|website=thetouchlinesports.com|access-date=17 Juni 2025|archive-date=2025-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617121621/https://thetouchlinesports.com/fresh-diary-games-slyvia-kabene-st-noa-girls-schools-goal-machine/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mujuni|first=Oscar Diego|date=28 Mei 2025|title=Sylvia Kabene Hat-Trick Yawatoa Kampala Queens kama Kombe la Wanawake la St Noa Storm Semis|url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/05/28/sylvia-kabene-hat-trick-knocks-out-kampala-queens-as-st-noa-storm-womens-cup-semis/|website=nbssport.co.ug|access-date=17 Juni 2025|archive-date=2026-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421040459/https://nbssport.co.ug/2025/05/28/sylvia-kabene-hat-trick-knocks-out-kampala-queens-as-st-noa-storm-womens-cup-semis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kufuatia kumalizika kwa msimu wa [[2024]]-[[2025|25]], mshambuliaji huyo kijana alitajwa kuwa Mchezaji Mwenye Thamani Zaidi wa ligi baada ya kampeni bora ambayo ilichukua jukumu muhimu katika ushindi wa taji la klabu yake na kupandishwa cheo hadi Super League.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson|first=Kayiira|date=28 Mei 2025|title=Kombe la Wanawake la FUFA: Kabene Haoni Uzito Katika Mabingwa wa Ligi, Aipa KQ Adhabu ya Wazazi huku St Noa ikielekea Nusu Fainali|url=https://voiceofbugerere.com/fufa-womens-cup-kabene-sees-no-value-in-league-champions-gives-kq-a-parental-punishment-as-st-noa-reach-semis/|website=voiceofbugerere.com|access-date=17 Juni 2025}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2025, Kabene alijiunga na Hibernians FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya Malta barani Ulaya baada ya kusaini mkataba wa miaka miwili.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-09-26|title=Breaking: Kabene Afunga Mkataba wa Kuhamia Malta Giants {{!}} Voice of Bugerere|url=https://voiceofbugerere.com/breaking-kabene-seals-a-move-to-maltese-giants/|access-date=2025-09-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kimataifa == Katika ngazi ya vijana, Kabene aliiwakilisha Uganda katika ngazi ya chini ya miaka 17, akishiriki katika kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake wa Afrika U-17.<ref>{{cite web|date=26 Aprili 2024|title=Kikosi cha muda cha Teen Cranes kwa ajili ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake wa FIFA U17 dhidi ya Zambia|url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/teen-cranes-provisional-squad-for-fifa-u17-womens-world-cup-qualifiers-against-zambia/|website=fufa.co.ug|access-date=17 Juni 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Natasha|date=18 Mei 2024|title=Teen Cranes Yashindwa Katika FIFA U17 Michuano ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake|url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/05/18/teen-cranes-fall-short-in-fifa-u17-womens-world-cup-qualifiers/|website=nbssport.co.ug|access-date=17 Juni 2025|quote='''Sylvia Kabene''' alifunga bao pekee kwa Uganda katika dakika ya 73|archive-date=2026-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415094951/https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/05/18/teen-cranes-fall-short-in-fifa-u17-womens-world-cup-qualifiers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kabene alipata wito wake wa kwanza kujiunga na timu ya taifa ya wakubwa mnamo Oktoba 2024 kwa mechi za kirafiki dhidi ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DR Congo]].<ref>{{cite web|date=24 Oktoba 2024|title=Crested Cranes Kikosi Kinachosafiri kwenda Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/crested-cranes-travelling-squad-to-democratic-republic-of-congo/|website=fufa.co.ug|publisher=[[Shirikisho la Vyama vya Soka vya Uganda|FUFA]]|access-date=17 Juni 2025}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 27 Oktoba 2024, alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Crested Cranes, akiingia kama mchezaji mbadala baada ya saa kufungwa. Alipata matokeo ya haraka, akifunga bao lake la kwanza la kimataifa katika dakika ya 77 na kuisaidia Uganda kurejesha uongozi na kupata ushindi.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 Oktoba 2024|title=Crested Cranes Yashinda DR Congo katika Mechi ya Kirafiki Yenye Nguvu Kabla ya Msimu wa Mashindano|url=https://ubc.go.ug/2024/10/29/crested-cranes-triumph-over-dr-congo-in-spirited-friendly-match-ahead-of-competitive-season/|website=ubc.go.ug|publisher=[[Shirika la Utangazaji la Uganda]]|access-date=17 Juni 2025|quote='''Kabene''', akitokea kwake kwa mara ya kwanza, alipata matokeo ya haraka}}</ref> Mnamo Juni 2025, alitajwa katika kikosi cha mwisho cha Uganda kwa ajili ya Mashindano ya Wanawake ya CECAFA ya 2025 huko [[Chamazi]]. Mnamo tarehe 15 Juni 2025, alifunga mabao yake ya kwanza ya mashindano, akifunga hat-trick dhidi ya Sudan Kusini na kupata tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mechi katika ushindi wa 5-0.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kigozi|first=Abdusalam|date=16 Juni 2025|title=Kabene Hat-Trick Yawahamasisha Crested Cranes Kushinda kwa Mkazo dhidi ya Sudan Kusini|url=https://chimpreports.com/kabene-hat-trick-inspires-crested-cranes-to-emphatic-win-over-south-sudan/|website=chimpreports.com|access-date=17 Juni 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mabuka|first=Dennis|date=16 Juni 2025|title=Crested Cranes Yapata Ushindi wa Dharura dhidi ya Sudan Kusini huku Kabene Akifunga Hat-trick|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/06/16/crested-cranes-secure-win-over-south-sudan-as-kabene-scores-hat-trick/|website=africatopsports.com|access-date=17 Juni 2025}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2007]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] 58n6xpbkyz29hlbsblq0ro1qa23m67l 0 223381 1585201 1525502 2026-08-07T01:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shakirah Nankwanga''' (alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[2002]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka nchini [[Uganda]] anayecheza kama kiungo au [[beki]] wa pembeni katika klabu ya [[mpira]] ya ''Kampala Queens F''C, klabu inayoshiriki katika FUFA Women Super League, ligi kuu ya wanawake nchini Uganda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kampala Queens FC sack Charles Ssenyange as head coach|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/kampala-queens-fc-sack-charles-ssenyange-as-h-NV_177618|access-date=2024-11-05|website=New Vision|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kampala Queens dominate women's league|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1491119/kampala-queens-dominate-womens-league|access-date=2024-11-05|website=New Vision|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-11-04|title=Kampala Queens Hire Ethiopian Coach Asefa|url=https://chimpreports.com/kampala-queens-hire-ethiopian-coach-asefa/|access-date=2024-11-05|website=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Aheebwa|first=Brian|date=2024-11-04|title=New Era Begins: Kampala Queens Hire First-Ever Foreign Head Coach|url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/11/04/new-era-begins-kampala-queens-hire-first-ever-foreign-head-coach/|access-date=2024-11-05|website=NBS Sport|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104112059/https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/11/04/new-era-begins-kampala-queens-hire-first-ever-foreign-head-coach/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake ya mpira wa miguu katika Klabu ya Soka ya Wanawake ya Kawempe Muslim kabla ya kuhamia Klabu ya Soka ya Kampala Queens.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shakirah Nankwanga (Kumbukumbu za Kawempe Muslim Ladies FC|url=https://redpepper.co.ug/tag/shakirah-nankwanga-kawempe-muslim-ladies-fc/|access-date=2024-11-05|website=ONLINE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-08-07|title=Nankwanga kuhamia KQ: Kawempe alichagua urithi badala ya vita|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nankwanga-move-to-kq-kawempe-chose-heritage-over-war-4718042|access-date=2024-11-05|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2024]], wakati wa Michezo ya 13 ya Afrika nchini Ghana, Nakawanga alicheza na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Uganda chini ya miaka 20. Alifunga penalti iliyoihakikishia timu hiyo medali ya shaba, akiwashinda timu pinzani ya Senegal katika mchezo wa mchujo wa nafasi ya 3 katika Uwanja wa Cape Coast. Pia anacheza mashindano ndani ya [[Afrika Mashariki]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-10-18|title=Kikosi cha muda cha Crested Cranes kwa ajili ya jukumu la DR Congo kimetajwa|url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2024/10/18/crested-cranes-provisional-squad-for-dr-congo-duty-named/|access-date=2024-11-05|website=MTN Sports|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] t24ttfww6frtghmwuqrrf5ba8vh06dg 0 223960 1585257 1584892 2026-08-07T04:31:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miriam Cnop''' (alizaliwa [[25 Desemba]] [[1970]]) ni mtafiti na [[tabibu]] wa Ubelgiji aliyebobea katika elimu ya kisukari. Miriam pia ni Profesa wa Tiba katika Chuo Kikuu cha Université Libre de Bruxelles na Mkurugenzi wa Kitabibu wa Idara ya Endokrinolojia katika Hospitali ya Erasmus. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ucdr.be/ |title=ULB Center for Diabetes Research |accessdate=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2026-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208193722/https://www.ucdr.be/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1970]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wanasayansi wa Ubelgiji]] bunjw75xa7vjnmgjgh3b5nj8glvqhw7 0 226446 1585103 1521968 2026-08-06T16:18:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naïm Byar''' (amezaliwa Reims, Ufaransa, [[23 Februari]] [[2005]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] anayecheza kama [[kiungo]] katika klabu ya Wydad AC. Alizaliwa nchini [[Ufaransa]], lakini anaiwakilisha [[Morocco]] katika ngazi ya [[vijana]] kimataifa. == Maisha ya awali == Byar ni mtoto wa Najim.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/scouting-les-anciens-formateurs-de-naim-byar-impressionnes-par-sa-maturite-et-sa-vitesse-d-execution_VN-202206010395.html|title=Les anciens formateurs de Naïm Byar impressionnés par sa maturité et sa vitesse d’exécution|trans-title=Naïm Byar's former trainers impressed by his maturity and speed of execution|language=fr|publisher={{ill|RMC Sport|fr}}|date=1 June 2022|access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Wydad AC|url=https://www.wydadac.ma/en/posts/naim-byar-joins-wydad-athletic-club|title=Naim Byar joins Wydad Athletic Club|date=7 January 2026|access-date=9 January 2026|archive-date=2026-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428132057/https://www.wydadac.ma/en/posts/naim-byar-joins-wydad-athletic-club|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2005|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] ljy4ls5qmzhzo2k755qmth4dgykbduo 0 226702 1585360 1510194 2026-08-07T08:42:26Z ElimuWiki 91225 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 1585360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Anne Voigt''' (née '''Speed'''; [[Cape Town]], 26 Aprili 1944 - [[Kimberley (Afrika Kusini)|Kimberley]], 7 Aprili 2010) alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Jumba la Makumbusho la McGregor huko [[Kimberley (Afrika Kusini)|Kimberley]], nchini Afrika Kusini, na, kama mtaalamu wa akiolojia, alihudumu kwa kipindi kama rais wa Jumuiya ya Akiolojia ya Afrika Kusini . Baada ya kustaafu, aliteuliwa kuwa mtafiti mwenza wa Jumba la Makumbusho la McGregor.<ref>Plug, I. 2010. In memoriam – Elizabeth (Liz) Anne Voigt (1944–2010). ''Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa'' 45:139–140</ref><ref>Morris, D. 2010. In Memoriam: Elizabeth Anne Voigt. ''South African Archaeological Bulletin'' 65:111</ref> == Elimu na kazi ya awali == Voigt alizaliwa na kukulia Cape Town, ambapo alihudhuria Shule ya Wasichana ya Rustenburg huko Rondebosch . Shahada yake ya kwanza katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town]] ilikuwa katika akiolojia, anthropolojia ya kijamii na Kilatini. Alipomaliza shahada ya kwanza ya akiolojia, alianza kazi ambayo hatimaye amebobea katika utafiti wa mabaki ya wanyama kutoka maeneo ya akiolojia. Alipata shahada yake ya uzamili kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria]] . == Akiolojia == Voigt alisomea wanyama wa moluska wa Pwani, hasa katika Mto Klasies, na kufanya utafiti wa akiolojia wa kikabila kuhusu lishe ya samaki aina ya shellfish. Hata hivyo, lengo kuu la kazi ya wanyama iliyofuata ya Voigt ilikuwa ni uchambuzi mpana wa mifupa ya wanyama kutoka maeneo ya [[Zama za Chuma|Enzi ya Chuma]] Kusini mwa Afrika kuanzia mwaka wa 200 na 1800 BK, na hasa katika Mapungubwe, akiongelea zaidi juu ya lishe, uchumi na mifugo ya kufugwa. Machapisho yake yanahusisha makala za jarida na kazi kadhaa zisizo rasmi za kueneza matokeo ya akiolojia. Tasnifu yake ya Uzamili katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria]] ilichapishwa kama kitabu na Jumba la Makumbusho la Transvaal chini ya kichwa, ''Mapungubwe: tafsiri ya akiolojia ya jamii ya Enzi ya Chuma'' . Laterly Voigt alichambua mikusanyiko kadhaa kutoka Enzi ya Mawe ya Baadaye ya Karoo na muktadha wa enzi za ukoloni. == Makumbusho == Mbali na kusomea lishe, [[hali ya hewa]] na uchumi uliofunuliwa kupitia magamba na mifupa ya zamani, Voigt alizidi kuzingatia mambo ya makumbusho. Ingawa alikuwa na mihadhara ya vijana na ya muda katika Vyuo Vikuu vya Cape Town na Pretoria, ilikuwa hasa katika makumbusho ambapo aliendeleza kazi yake iliyofuata. Alichukua jukumu muhimu katika shughuli mbalimbali za Chama cha Makumbusho cha Afrika Kusini . Mnamo mwaka 1996 yeye na wafanyakazi wa Jumba la Makumbusho la McGregor huko Kimberley, ambapo aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wake mnamo mwaka 1987, waliandaa na mkutano wa Jubilee ya Almasi wa Chama ambao ulianzishwa Kimberley miaka sitini hapo mwanzoni. Alihudumu katika Baraza la Chama kwa vipindi kadhaa, alikuwa mhariri wa jarida lake la ''SAMAB'', na alikuwa mwenyekiti anayefanya kazi kwa bidii kwa kamati yake ya elimu. Alichukua jukumu muhimu katika kamati ambayo ilikuza viwango vya kitaaluma na kutoa mpango wa kuidhinisha wa makumbusho kwa nchi ya Afrika Kusini mnamo mwaka 1996. Kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi mwaka 2003 alihudumu kama mdhamini wa Makumbusho ya Iziko . Voigt alisoma ''Stashahada ya Nagraadse katika Makumbusho'' kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Pretoria na pia stashahada ya Chama cha Makumbusho cha nchini Uingereza. "Mara tu makumbusho yanapoingia kwenye damu yako," alisema, "yapo kwa ajili ya [[maisha]]." == Kituo cha Kurekodi Data ya Akiolojia == Hapo mwanzoni, alikuwa akisaidia kuanzisha Kituo cha Kurekodi Data ya Akiolojia katika Jumba la Makumbusho la Afrika Kusini (mwaka 1967–68), ambapo pia alichapisha ''Mwongozo wa Kurekodi Tovuti ya Akiolojia ya Afrika Kusini'' . Katika Jumba la Makumbusho la Transvaal huko Pretoria, ambapo alifanya kazi kuanzia mwaka 1969 hadi mwaka 1987, mwanzoni katika paleontolojia, alianzisha Idara ya Akiolojia mnamo mwaka 1981 - ya kwanza ya aina yake Kusini mwa Afrika. == Jumba la Makumbusho la McGregor == Baadaye, alijenga maabara ya kulinganisha ya mifupa katika Jumba la Makumbusho la McGregor . Kazi yake ya Kimberley ilikuwa ya kiutawala hasa, ikiwa na miradi mikubwa aliyoisimamia ikiwa ni pamoja na ufunguzi wa Nyumba ya Rudd iliyorejeshwa (mwaka 1988), kukamilika kwa Kizuizi kipya cha Binadamu (1990), kutangazwa kwa Pango la Wonderwerk kama Mnara wa Kitaifa na kufunguliwa kwake kwa maonyesho ya umma (1993), Mipaka ya Kaskazini mwa Cape na Matunzio ya Mababu katika Jumba la Makumbusho la McGregor (mwaka 1997–mwaka 2000), maendeleo zaidi ya Magersfontein kwa ajili ya kumbukumbu ya miaka mia moja ya Vita vya Anglo-Boer (mwaka 1999), kuanzishwa kwa Jumba la Makumbusho la Sol Plaatje na kufungua Jumba la Makumbusho la Barkly West na maonyesho mapya katika Victoria West . Katika kipindi cha mabadiliko makubwa katika kipindi cha baada ya Ubaguzi wa Rangi, alijitahidi sana kufanya mabadiliko katika jumba la makumbusho. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] 2k0i888hmka5w7nrmqlkjm997dd8fuo 0 226990 1585310 1502793 2026-08-07T05:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Armchair''''' ([[Kifaransa]]: ''Le fauteuil'') ni filamu ya mwaka wa 2009 ya [[Burkina Faso]] iliyoongozwa na Missa Hebié. Iliandikwa na Hebié pamoja na Noraogo Sawadogo. Ilishinda Tuzo ya [[Oumarou Ganda]] katika Tamasha la 21 la Filamu na Televisheni la [[Muungano wa Afrika|''Panafrican'']] la [[Ouagadougou]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.altfg.com/gays-gone-wild-ventura-pons/ |title=Gays Gone Wild, Ferzan Ozpetek: Torino GLBT Film Festival – Alt Film Guide |accessdate=2026-04-06 |archive-date=2026-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722024858/https://www.altfg.com/gays-gone-wild-ventura-pons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184319/http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Fespaco-s-40th-anniversar.683.0.html The Courier: Fespaco’s 40th anniversary – a mark of openness and excellence]</ref> Ilionyeshwa pia katika Tamasha la Filamu la Kimataifa la Pusan ​​la 2009 huko [[Korea Kusini]]. == Wahusika == * Barthélémy Bouda * Norah Kafando * Justin Oindida * Barou O. Ouédraogo == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2009]] [[Jamii:filamu za Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 7xy3jexah7wq3jlryzlza507fjttsls 1585418 1585310 2026-08-07T11:07:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Armchair''''' ([[Kifaransa]]: ''Le fauteuil'') ni filamu ya mwaka wa 2009 ya [[Burkina Faso]] iliyoongozwa na Missa Hebié. Iliandikwa na Hebié pamoja na Noraogo Sawadogo. Ilishinda Tuzo ya [[Oumarou Ganda]] katika Tamasha la 21 la Filamu na Televisheni la [[Muungano wa Afrika|''Panafrican'']] la [[Ouagadougou]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.altfg.com/gays-gone-wild-ventura-pons/ |title=Gays Gone Wild, Ferzan Ozpetek: Torino GLBT Film Festival – Alt Film Guide |accessdate=2026-04-06 |archive-date=2026-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722024858/https://www.altfg.com/gays-gone-wild-ventura-pons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721184319/http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Fespaco-s-40th-anniversar.683.0.html The Courier: Fespaco’s 40th anniversary – a mark of openness and excellence]</ref> Ilionyeshwa pia katika Tamasha la Filamu la Kimataifa la Pusan ​​la 2009 huko [[Korea Kusini]]. == Wahusika == * Barthélémy Bouda * Norah Kafando * Justin Oindida * Barou O. Ouédraogo == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2009]] [[Jamii:filamu za Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 9w87ouet87ego8qv86ra35x0zvdmj75 0 227944 1585163 1505118 2026-08-06T20:11:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585163 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pedro Pablo Areso Aramburu''' ([[29 Juni]] [[1911]] – [[1 Desemba]] [[2002]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki. Alichezea klabu za Real Betis na FC Barcelona nchini Hispania.<ref name=Barça>{{cite web |url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/51-areso-pedro-pablo-areso-aramburu |title=Pedro Pablo Areso Aramburu stats |language=ca |website=players.fcbarcelona.com |access-date=11 May 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8399.html |title=Areso, Pedro Pablo Areso Aramburu - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |access-date=11 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name=Cat>{{cite web |url=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/esportpedia/pedro-pablo-areso-aramburu |title=Pedro Pablo Areso Aramburu |website=www.enciclopedia.cat |access-date=11 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name=Eusko>{{cite web |url=https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/areso-aramburu-pedro/ar-17881/ |title=ARESO ARAMBURU, Pedro |language=es |website=aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus |access-date=11 May 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1911|2002}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 3o1ha9tj7j10zd3pqswjpl5r5bvm2rq 0 228294 1585394 1530354 2026-08-07T09:53:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victoria Okojie''' ni mtunza maktaba, msomi, na mtawala wa [[Nigeria]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=IFLA -- Statement of Candidacy: Victoria Okojie (Nigeria)|url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/node/11304|accessdate=2021-08-20|work=www.ifla.org}}</ref> Alikuwa Msajili na Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji wa kwanza wa Baraza la Usajili wa Maktaba la nchini Nigeria, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Association pour le progrès des communications"|title=CIPESA's reflections on the Third Africa Internet Governance Forum, 2014 {{!}} Association pour le progrès des communications|url=https://www.apc.org/fr/node/19650|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.apc.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-03-22|title=Destiny Child; Finishing Strong; Proudly Librarian!|url=https://web.aflia.net/destiny-child-finishing-strong-proudly-librarian/|accessdate=2024-06-24|work=African Library & Information Associations & Institutions|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624105223/https://web.aflia.net/destiny-child-finishing-strong-proudly-librarian/|url-status=dead}}</ref> shirika la serikali la [[Siasa ya Nigeria|Serikali ya Shirikisho la Nigeria]] . Okojie pia ni rais wa zamani wa Chama cha Maktaba cha Nigeria na pia mjumbe wa bodi inayoongoza ya Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Vyama na Taasisi za Maktaba (IFLA). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Biographical Legacy and Research|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Yeye ni mhadhiri katika Idara ya Maktaba na Sayansi ya Habari, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=CASA Africa|title=Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África|url=http://www.casafrica.es/es/persona/victoria-okojie|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.casafrica.es|date=10 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-01-16|title=Innovative Library Service Workshop|url=https://wtec.org.ng/innovative-library-service-workshop/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Women's Technology Empowerment Centre – W.TEC|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512102843/https://wtec.org.ng/innovative-library-service-workshop/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu == Okojie alihitimu shahada yake ya uzamili katika Sayansi ya Maktaba (MLS) kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan|katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], kabla ya kuendelea na Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello, [[Zaria]], ambapo alimaliza Shahada yake ya Uzamivu katika Sayansi ya Maktaba na Habari mnamo mwaka wa 2012. <ref name="Osso">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Osso|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Taaluma ya Okojie ni katika ukufunzi wa maktaba ilianza mwaka wa 1984 katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . Alijiunga na Baraza la Uingereza mwaka wa 1994 na alipanda hadhi hadi kuwa Mkurugenzi katika baraza hilo, Mnigeria wa kwanza kufanya hivyo. Wakati wa kazi yake, alishauriana na [[Kundi la Benki ya Dunia|Benki ya Dunia]], [[UNESCO|Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni la Umoja wa Mataifa]], pamoja na Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kimataifa ya nchini Uingereza. <ref name="Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África|url=http://www.casafrica.es/es/persona/victoria-okojie|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=www.casafrica.es|date=10 February 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2009, Okojie alijiunga na huduma za Serikali ya Shirikisho la nchini Nigeria chini ya mwavuli wa Baraza la Usajili wa Maktaba la Nigeria, ambapo akawa Msajili au Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Baraza. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa Chama cha Maktaba cha Nigeria kuanzia mwaka wa 2000 hadi mwaka wa 2010. [https://www.ifla.org/FR/node/8695] Okojie pia alifanya kazi kama Mwenyekiti wa Kitengo cha Afrika cha Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Vyama na Taasisi za Maktaba (IFLA). Kati ya mwaka wa 2011 na mwaka wa 2015. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Brief of Okojie Victoria|title=cibu|url=https://cibu.dgb.unam.mx/index.php/en/?view=article&id=143&tmpl=component|accessdate=2021-02-24|archivedate=2022-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020201618/https://cibu.dgb.unam.mx/index.php/en/?view=article&id=143&tmpl=component}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2012, alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi kumi na wawili wa maktaba duniani waliochaguliwa kufanya kazi na IFLA katika Sekta ya Maktaba na Habari. Okojie alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Bodi inayoongoza ya IFLA; [https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/iac-committee#:~:text=The%20International%20Advisory%20Committee%20(IAC,the%20Programme%20as%20a%20whole.] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Building forward better: African library partnerships for inclusive information and education towards Agendas 2030 and 2063|url=https://www.ifla.org/events/building-forward-better-african-library-partnerships-for-inclusive-information-and-education-towards-agendas-2030-and-2063/|accessdate=2024-06-29|work=IFLA|language=en-US}}</ref> Kamati ya Ushauri ya Kimataifa, Programu ya Kumbukumbu ya Dunia [[UNESCO|ya UNESCO]] ; <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|date=October 2017|title=Report of 13thmeeting of the International Advisory Committee (IAC)UNESCO, Paris|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265145|accessdate=2021-02-24|work=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> Kamati ya Ushauri, Programu ya Maktaba ya Kimataifa [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation|ya Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] ; na Chama cha Maktaba cha Afrika Magharibi. <ref name=":0"/> Okojie pia alihudumu kama Mratibu wa Programu ya Mtandao wa Mabalozi wa Ubunifu wa Wataalamu wa Habari wa Nigeria (NIPIAN). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About|url=https://nipian.org/about/|accessdate=2023-01-05|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105131009/https://nipian.org/about/}}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == Okojie alishinda tuzo ya heshima ya Chama cha Maktaba cha Nigeria mnamo mwaka wa 2000. <ref name="Awards & Honours">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-31|title=Awards & Honours|url=https://victoriaokojie.org/awards-honours/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Victoria Okojie|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085606/https://victoriaokojie.org/awards-honours/}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Osso|first=Sera|date=2018-07-02|title=OKOJIE, Dr Victoria|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okojie-dr-victoria/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia ameshinda Tuzo ya "Binti wa Hatima" ya tawi la [[Jimbo la Oyo]] la Chama cha Maktaba cha Nigeria, pamoja na Tuzo ya Sifa ya Mpango wa Vijana wa nchini Nigeria wa Uwazi, Utawala Bora, Amani na Mwelekeo wa Kijamii (NYITGPSO) kama "Icon of Education" ya mwaka wa 2012. Pia mwaka wa 2012, Chuo Kikuu cha Jumuiya ya Madola, [[Belize]], kilimpa Okojie udaktari wa heshima, kwa michango yake katika uwanja wa Maktaba na Sayansi ya Habari. <ref name="Awards & Honours" /> Okojie pia ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Maktaba cha Nigeria (tangu mwaka wa 2005); Programu ya Uongozi wa Wageni wa Kimataifa (IVLP) ya Idara ya Mambo ya Nje ya nchini Marekani, Serikali ya Marekani, Marekani (mwaka wa 2008), na Taasisi ya UNESCO ya Kujifunza Maisha Yote, [[Hamburg]], [[Ujerumani]] (mwaka wa 2007). <ref name="Victoria Okojie {{!}} Casa África"/> <ref name="Osso"/> == Machapisho yaliyochaguliwa == * Gbaje, ES, na V. Okojie (2011). Ufikiaji unaolenga mtumiaji wa mipango ya maarifa katika maktaba za vyuo vikuu vya Nigeria. Maktaba za Nigeria, Juz. 44. * Ekoja, II, VO Okojie na H. Emmanuel (2019). Jukumu la maktaba ya kitaifa ya Nigeria katika kujenga taifa lenye usomaji hodari: changamoto na mikakati. Katika Hotuba kuhusu Masuala ya Kielimu: Festschrift kwa heshima ya Maprofesa Watano Wanaostaafu. Maisamari, AM et al. (mh): Abuja, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja Press. pp.&nbsp;85–100. * Okojie, V. na Igbinovia, OM (2022). Mitazamo ya kimataifa kuhusu desturi endelevu za maktaba. . uk.&nbsp;376. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.igi-global.com/book/global-perspectives-sustainable-library-practices/298681#:~:text=Global%20Perspectives%20on%20Sustainable%20Library%20Practices%20provides%20a%20rich%20and,well%20as%20sustaining%20value%20for|title=Global perspectives on sustainable library practices|last=Victoria Okojie and Magnus Osahon Igbinovia|date=2022|publisher=[[IGI Global]]|isbn=9781668459645|access-date=2022-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805191707/http://www.igi-global.com/book/global-perspectives-sustainable-library-practices/298681#:~:text=Global%20Perspectives%20on%20Sustainable%20Library%20Practices%20provides%20a%20rich%20and,well%20as%20sustaining%20value%20for|archive-date=2022-08-05}}</ref> * Victoria Okojie, Faith Orim, Oso Oluwatoyin na Adeyinka Tella (2020). Fursa na changamoto za wasomaji wa vitabu vya kielektroniki na vifaa vya mkononi katika maktaba: Uzoefu kutoka Nigeria. Katika Adeyinka Tailor (Mh). Kitabu cha Utafiti kuhusu Vifaa vya Kidijitali kwa Ujumuishi na Ushirikishwaji katika Maktaba uk.&nbsp;208–230. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Victoria Okojie, Faith Orim, Oso Oluwatoyin and Adeyinka Tella |date=2020 |title=Opportunities and Challenges of E-Book Readers and Mobile Devices in Libraries: Experiences From Nigeria |url=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/opportunities-and-challenges-of-e-book-readers-and-mobile-devices-in-libraries/233998 |url-status=dead |doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-9034-7.ch010 |s2cid=203356192 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210132139/https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/opportunities-and-challenges-of-e-book-readers-and-mobile-devices-in-libraries/233998 |archive-date=2021-12-10 |access-date=2022-01-05}}</ref> * Adeyinka Tella, Okojie Victoria, na Olaniyi, T. (2018). Zana za Kualamisha Kijamii na Maktaba za Dijiti, IGI Global. * Adeyinka Tella, Victoria Okojie na OT Olaniyi (2018). Zana za kuweka alamisho za kijamii na maktaba za kidijitali. Katika Adeyinka Tailor na Tom Kwanya (Wahariri). Kitabu cha Utafiti kuhusu Kusimamia Mali Miliki katika Maktaba za Kidijitali, uk.&nbsp;396–401. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Handbook of Research on Managing Intellectual Property in Digital Libraries|last=Adeyinka|first=Tella|last2=Okojie|first2=Victoria|last3=Olaniyi|first3=T|date=2018|publisher=IGI Global|isbn=9781522530930|series=Advances in Library and Information Science|pages=396–409|chapter=Social Bookmarking Tools and Digital Libraries|doi=10.4018/978-1-5225-3093-0.ch020|access-date=2023-01-05|chapter-url=https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/social-bookmarking-tools-and-digital-libraries/188559}}</ref> * Okojie V. na Okiy, R. (2017). Maktaba za Umma na ajenda ya maendeleo nchini Nigeria. Karatasi iliyowasilishwa katika Mkutano wa Maktaba na Habari wa Dunia wa IFLA huko Athens, Ugiriki, uk.&nbsp;1–12 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Victoria Okojie and Rose Okiy|date=2019|title=Public Libraries And The Development Agenda In Nigeria|url=https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2496/1/233-okojie-en.pdf|accessdate=2022-10-05|work=library.ifla.org|archive-date=2022-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006110017/https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/2496/1/233-okojie-en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Okojie, Victoria na Omotoso, Oladele (2013) Elimu na mafunzo ya wataalamu wa habari: Jukumu la ushirikiano la Baraza la Usajili wa Wakutubi la Nigeria (LRCN). Karatasi iliyowasilishwa katika Mkutano wa Maktaba na Habari wa Dunia wa IFLA huko Singapore. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Okojie|first=Victoria|date=2013|title=Education and training of information professionals: the collaborative role of the Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN)|url=https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/205/|language=en|work=library.ifla.org|accessdate=2026-04-14|archive-date=2024-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515214647/https://library.ifla.org/id/eprint/205/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rzhr0lr5cjemaxof1ud798uislvi4el 0 229509 1585200 1525454 2026-08-07T01:48:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Severiano Goiburu Lopetegui''' (amezaliwa [[8 Novemba]], [[1906]] – amefariki [[31 Julai]], [[1982]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza katika timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu. Alicheza katika [[klabu]] nyingi za La Liga, hasa FC Barcelona.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Jugadors|first=F. C. B.|title=Severiano Goiburu Lopetegui stats {{!}} FC Barcelona Players|url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/351-goiburu-severiano-goiburu-lopetegui|access-date=17 February 2022|website=FCB Jugadors|language=en|archive-date=2026-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307182118/https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/351-goiburu-severiano-goiburu-lopetegui|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa kufunga bao la ushindi katika mechi ya 1929 Hispania dhidi ya [[Uingereza]] ya mpira wa miguu. == Kazi ya klabu == Goiburu alitumia maisha yake yote ya klabu akicheza katika daraja la kwanza la Hispania, ikiwa ni pamoja na miaka mitano akiwa na FC Barcelona.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=15 October 2018 |title=UEFA Nations League - Spain vs England: When England learned to lose |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2018/10/15/5bc3a77e22601d1b778b45d0.html |access-date=21 March 2022 |website=MARCA in English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Goiburu, Severiano Goiburu Lopetegui - Footballer |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j11211.html |access-date=21 March 2022 |website=www.bdfutbol.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1906|1982}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 41t59hyyc0w21julkvru6sy89xynu2t 0 229886 1585113 1508355 2026-08-06T18:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olúmìdé Pópóọlá''' ni [[mwandishi]], mzungumzaji na mwigizaji kutoka Nigeria na Ujerumani mwenye makao yake London. Riwaya yake ya hivi karibuni ya ''When We Speak of Nothing'' ilichapishwa mnamo Julai 2017, na Cassava Republic Press . <ref>Edoro, Ainehi (2017-08-14). "Olumide Popoola's When We Speak of Nothing is an Ode to Queer Black Life". ''Brittle Paper''. Retrieved 2017-11-20.</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=When We Speak of Nothing|last=Popoola|first=Olumide|date=2017-07-03|publisher=Cassava Republic Press|isbn=9781911115458|location=Abuja London|language=English}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Pópóọlá alizaliwa [[Ujerumani]] kwa mama Mjerumani na baba Mnigeria . <ref>"INTERVIEW: I want people seduced by the melody of my prose, says author Olumide Popoola". ''TheCable''. 2017-08-13. Retrieved 2017-11-20.</ref> Alihamia Nigeria akiwa mtoto mdogo na akakaa huko kwa miaka mitano kabla ya kurudi Ujerumani. Ana Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Uandishi wa Ubunifu, Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Uandishi wa Ubunifu na Shahada ya Kwanza (BSc) katika Tiba ya Ayurvedic . <ref name=":2">"Olumide Popoola – I bring wild, rich imagination to life". ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2017-09-23. Retrieved 2017-11-20.</ref> Machapisho yake yanajumuisha insha, ushairi, na nathari. Anapoandika, anapata msukumo kutoka kwa watu wanaomzunguka. Anashangaa kwamba "...anavutiwa na hadithi ndogo, zilizofichwa" <ref name=":22">"Olumide Popoola – I bring wild, rich imagination to life". ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2017-09-23. Retrieved 2017-11-20.</ref> na hutumia hadithi hizo kuleta vikundi visivyowakilishwa vizuri mbele Machapisho yake yanajumuisha insha, ushairi, na nathari. Anapoandika, anapata msukumo kutoka kwa watu wanaomzunguka. Anashangaa kwamba "...anavutiwa na hadithi ndogo, zilizofichwa" <ref name=":23">"Olumide Popoola – I bring wild, rich imagination to life". ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2017-09-23. Retrieved 2017-11-20.</ref> na hutumia hadithi hizo kuleta vikundi visivyowakilishwa vizuri mbeleYeye ni mchangiaji wa mkusanyiko wa vitabu vya ''New Daughters of Africa'' vya mwaka 2019, vilivyohaririwa na [[Margaret Busby]] . <ref>Busby, Margaret (ed.), [[oclc:1066069680|"New Daughters of Africa"]] at WorldCat.</ref> Mnamo 2013 Pópóọlá aliangaziwa katika wimbo wa mpiga besi wa Ujerumani Edward Maclean "Still", katika albamu yake ''Edward Maclean's Adoqué'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.edwardmaclean.de/en/order_stream_buy_download_music/edward_macleans_adoque/|title=Edward Maclean's Adoqué|work=Edward Maclean|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-12-10}}</ref> Mnamo 2018 Pópóọlá aliandaa Tamasha la Vitabu vya Kiafrika [[Berlin]], ambalo lililenga mada za utaifa wa kimataifa na uhamiaji. <ref>[http://www.interkontinental.org/wim/ "Writing in Migration – April 26th to 28th 2018, African Book Festival Berlin"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.interkontinental.org/wim/ |date=20181108120519 }}, InterKontinental.</ref> Pópóọlá ni kiongozi wa mradi wa [https://www.futuresinthemaking.com/ Futures in the Making], shirika linalotoa masomo ya warsha ya uandishi kwa vijana wa LGBTQ+. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.futuresinthemaking.com/|title=Futures in the Making|work=Futures in the Making|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-10}}</ref> Tamthilia ya Pópóọlá ''Pia kwa Mail'' inahusu familia iliyogawanyika nchini Nigeria, hasa ndugu wa Kijerumani wa Nigeria Wale na Funke, wakikusanyika pamoja kuomboleza kifo cha baba yao. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.africavenir.org/%20product-details/products/olumide-popoola-also-by-mail/backPID/prince-kuma-ndumbe-iii.html?%3Ftt_products%5Bbegin_at%5D=48&cHash=eb4e896b686bbc3848b9857753479d53|title=Olumide Popoola: Also by Mail - AfricAvenir International Online Shop|work=www.africavenir.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-10|archivedate=2018-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010242/http://www.africavenir.org/%20product-details/products/olumide-popoola-also-by-mail/backPID/prince-kuma-ndumbe-iii.html?%3Ftt_products%5Bbegin_at%5D=48&cHash=eb4e896b686bbc3848b9857753479d53}}</ref> Huku watu wazima katika familia wakizingatia mapenzi ya baba, vijana wanajitahidi kupata sauti yao. Hadithi hii inashughulikia mada kama vile ubaguzi wa rangi, tofauti za kitamaduni na vizazi, hasara, na uchoyo. Marion Kraft, mwandishi wa ''The African Continuum na African American Women Writers,'' anaelezea jinsi, katika kuandika tamthilia hii, Pópóọlá "anawakilisha kwa njia ya kutia moyo na kwa uhalisia maisha, utofauti, mapambano na matarajio ya watu katika diaspora ya Weusi, harakati zao za utambulisho na haki." <ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] n80am0e0me8dgnq8jtywf4yzwabius5 0 233227 1585325 1539340 2026-08-07T06:40:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Aouni Tamer''' (anayejulikana kama Tony Tamer; alizaliwa [[Oktoba 12]], [[1957]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].Mwanzilishi mwenza na mwenyekiti mtendaji wa ''H.I.G. Capital'' kampuni ya kimataifa ya uwekezaji wa kibinafsi na mali mbadala yenye dola bilioni 70 za mtaji wa usawa chini ya usimamizi. Jarida la Forbes linamorodhesha kama mtu tajiri wa 525 duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 6.4 kufikia Machi [[2025]]. Kabla ya kuanzisha H.I.G. Capital mwaka [[1993]] pamoja na Sami Mnaymneh, Tamer alikuwa mshirika katika ''Bain & Company''<ref>French business directory - Pappers https://web.archive.org/web/20220717100250/https://www.pappers.fr/recherche-beneficiaires?q=Anthony%20TAMER&date_de_naissance_beneficiaire_min=01-10-1957&date_de_naissance_beneficiaire_max=31-10-1957</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=H.I.G. Europe - Fibercore Bidco 2 LTD |url=https://www.datocapital.uk/companies/H.I.G.-Europe-_-Fibercore-Bidco-2-Ltd.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.datocapital.uk |archive-date=2022-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718100003/https://www.datocapital.uk/companies/H.I.G.-Europe-_-Fibercore-Bidco-2-Ltd.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=HIG Capital reveals long-term succession planning by naming first co-presidents |url=https://www.altassets.net/private-equity-news/by-news-type/people-news/hig-capital-reveals-long-term-succession-planning-by-naming-first-co-presidents.html |date=December 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=H.I.G. Capital Founder and Co-CEO Tamer to step back |url=https://debtwire.ionanalytics.com/content/1003736776 |date=January 24, 2024}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mwmuex498a1898vp70khm1n6z43ncm1 0 235855 1585165 1544751 2026-08-06T20:25:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petra Schürmann-Freund''' ([[Septemba 15]], [[1933]] – [[Januari 14]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]], mtangazaji wa TV, na mrembo wa [[Ujerumani]] aliyeshinda [[Miss World]] mwaka [[1956]]. Alikua mwanamke wa Ujerumani wa kwanza kushinda taji la Miss World katika historia. Baada ya utawala wake, alifanya kazi kama mtangazaji wa hali ya hewa kwenye TV ya Ujerumani na akawa mhusika maarufu wa media nchini Ujerumani.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missworld.com/1950-s/1956.html |title=1956 &#124; 1950s |access-date=10 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830041222/http://www.missworld.com/1950-s/1956.html |archive-date=30 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.bz-berlin.de/artikel-archiv/liebt-petra-schuermann-diesen-jungen-mann-wirklich|title=Liebt Petra Schürmann diesen jungen Mann wirklich?|date=26 July 2005|access-date=3 April 2017|archive-date=2025-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923034529/https://www.bz-berlin.de/artikel-archiv/liebt-petra-schuermann-diesen-jungen-mann-wirklich|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.muenchen-petra-schuermann-ihre-letzte-reise.320e2f65-19bb-4507-b52e-02023f3a2143.html|title=Petra Schürmann: Ihre letzte Reise|date=15 January 2010|access-date=3 April 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ujerumani]] b6s1iq4l444fywpvbgvvj6ge7vx3gpn 0 238886 1585108 1571120 2026-08-06T16:57:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Melch''' (amezaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 1978) ni mchezaji wa tenisi ya ufukweni kutoka [[Austria]] na pia alikuwa mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa kwenye WTA Tour.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://longislandtennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/|title=American](https://longislandtennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/|title=American) Pros Nicole Melch & Nadia Johnston Win 2011 International Beach Tennis Championship|work=longislandtennismagazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Nicole Melch |url=[https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/nicole-melch/800184746/aut/wt/d/](https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/nicole-melch/800184746/aut/wt/d/) |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=[www.itftennis.com](http://www.itftennis.com)}}</ref> Baada ya kustaafu kutoka mchezo wa tenisi ya kulipwa mwaka 2004, Melch alijiunga na ITF Beach Tennis Tour mwaka 2005 kama mchezaji wa kulipwa, ambapo alishinda mataji ya kitaifa akiwa na mshirika wake wa mchezo wa wawili wawili Nadia Johnston, ambaye kwa sasa anaiwakilisha Marekani.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/fraser-coast/sport/nadia-is-a-real-ace-on-the-beach/news-story/40c2e46cdb394219ff849a967deb7f1d|title=Nadia](https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/fraser-coast/sport/nadia-is-a-real-ace-on-the-beach/news-story/40c2e46cdb394219ff849a967deb7f1d|title=Nadia) is a real ace on the beach|work=[www.couriermail.com](http://www.couriermail.com)}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=American Pros Nicole Melch & Nadia Johnston Win 2011 International Beach Tennis Championship – New York Tennis Magazine |url=[https://newyorktennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/](https://newyorktennismagazine.com/article/american-pros-nicole-melch-nadia-johnston-win-2011-international-beach-tennis-championsh/) |access-date=2023-09-25 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Coaches {{!}} LITTLE SILVER TENNIS CLUB |url=[https://www.littlesilvertennisclub.com/the-coaches](https://www.littlesilvertennisclub.com/the-coaches) |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Little Silver Tennis |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qcg22h0gtzaa3z1sbjja14m0byl0gfk 0 238927 1585196 1551132 2026-08-07T00:41:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Roger Kamba Mulamba''' ni Waziri wa Afya ya Umma katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya [[Kongo]], ambaye aliteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Santé : Dr Roger Kamba dévoile les axes prioritaires de sa mission au ministère de la santé|url=https://laprosperiteonline.net/2023/03/31/sante-dr-roger-kamba-devoile-les-axes-prioritaires-de-sa-mission-au-ministere-de-la-sante/|work=Laprosperite|date=2023-03-31|accessdate=2026-05-26|language=fr-FR|author=La Prospérité|archive-date=2025-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213214116/https://laprosperiteonline.net/2023/03/31/sante-dr-roger-kamba-devoile-les-axes-prioritaires-de-sa-mission-au-ministere-de-la-sante/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ogvrrzefmefj4dxagq3268lbu6jbx6x 0 240849 1585087 1572155 2026-08-06T14:22:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mto Dukem''' ni mto unaopatikana katikati mwa [[Ethiopia]]. Mto huu ndio ulioipa jina mji wa Dukem.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dukem Aspires for New Master Plan Amid Officials Squabbling|url=https://addisfortune.news/dukem-aspires-for-new-master-plan-amid-officials-squabbling|accessdate=2026-06-12|language=en-US|author=(Addis) Fortune}}</ref> Ni tawimto la Mto Awash, mojawapo ya mito muhimu nchini Ethiopia.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=D |first=Tegegne |last2=A |first2=Mengesha |title=Estimation of Owned and Street Dog Population by Quesionnire Survey and Mark-Recapture Method in Three Urban Areas: Bishoftu, Dukem and Modjo Towns |url=https://austinpublishinggroup.com/veterinary-science-research/fulltext/avsah-v9-id1105.php |archive-date=2026-07-13 |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713194432/https://austinpublishinggroup.com/veterinary-science-research/fulltext/avsah-v9-id1105.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Mto]] Dukem ni sehemu ya mfumo wa [[bonde]] la Mto Awash na huchangia mtiririko wa maji katika eneo la kati la Ethiopia. Aidha, mto huu una umuhimu wa kijiografia na kihistoria kwa kuwa umehusishwa na maendeleo ya [[mji]] wa Dukem uliopo kandokando ya mkondo wake. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya mito ya Ethiopia]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mito ya Ethiopia}} {{Mbegu-jio-Ethiopia}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] lad5xl50p095dfyf5jh88dezuwbxe76 10 241215 1585141 1577531 2026-08-06T19:19:25Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20; background:#F7F9F8; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2D9B68 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|{{uc:Monthly Edit-thon}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Editathons.svg|26px]] | tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|{{uc:WikiHealth}}]] | icon2 = [[File:Community Health Advocate - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] | tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|{{uc:Wikimalkia}}]] | icon3 = [[File:Gender equality symbol.svg|26px]] | tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Let's Connect|{{uc:Let's Connect}}]] | icon4 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|{{uc:Error and Fix Campaign}}]] | icon5 = [[File:OOjs UI icon check-constructive.svg|26px]] | tab6 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Kiwix for Schools|{{uc:Kiwix for Schools}}]] | icon6 = [[File:Wikipedia Education Program icon only.svg|26px]] | tab7 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Community Gathering|{{uc:Community Gathering}}]] | icon7 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab8 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|{{uc:Conference Participation}}]] | icon8 = [[File:Conferences.svg|26px]] | tab9 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Feminism and Folklore Tanzania|{{uc:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania}}]] | icon9 = [[File:Book (51791) - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] }} 8q86pfecfwwkk9yv8pma5y8a7lti2tg 1585150 1585141 2026-08-06T19:30:26Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20; background:#F7F9F8; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2D9B68 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|{{uc:Monthly Edit-thon}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Editathons.svg|26px]] | tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|{{uc:WikiHealth}}]] | icon2 = [[File:Community Health Advocate - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] | tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|{{uc:Wikimalkia}}]] | icon3 = [[File:Gender equality symbol.svg|26px]] | tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Let's Connect|{{uc:Let's Connect}}]] | icon4 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|{{uc:Error and Fix Campaign}}]] | icon5 = [[File:OOjs UI icon check-constructive.svg|26px]] | tab6 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Kiwix for Schools|{{uc:Kiwix for Schools}}]] | icon6 = [[File:Wikipedia Education Program icon only.svg|26px]] | tab7 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Community Gathering|{{uc:Community Gathering}}]] | icon7 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab8 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|{{uc:Conference Participation}}]] | icon8 = [[File:Conferences.svg|26px]] | tab9 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Feminism and Folklore Tanzania|{{uc:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania}}]] | icon9 = [[File:Book (51791) - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] }} ihzk0jq75us3w8a20l075e7f7s9dwnz 1585156 1585150 2026-08-06T19:33:41Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20; background:#F7F9F8; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2D9B68 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|{{uc:Monthly Edit-thon}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Editathons.svg|26px]] | tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|{{uc:WikiHealth}}]] | icon2 = [[File:Community Health Advocate - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] | tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|{{uc:Wikimalkia}}]] | icon3 = [[File:Gender equality symbol.svg|26px]] | tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Let's Connect|{{uc:Let's Connect}}]] | icon4 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|{{uc:Error and Fix Campaign}}]] | icon5 = [[File:OOjs UI icon check-constructive.svg|26px]] | tab6 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Kiwix for Schools|{{uc:Kiwix for Schools}}]] | icon6 = [[File:Wikipedia Education Program icon only.svg|26px]] | tab7 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Community Gathering|{{uc:Community Gathering}}]] | icon7 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab8 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|{{uc:Conference Participation}}]] | icon8 = [[File:Conferences.svg|26px]] | tab9 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Feminism and Folklore Tanzania|{{uc:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania}}]] | icon9 = [[File:Book (51791) - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] }} k99hdv5nrotc1ltbcaivjj21z5nvh9l 4 241216 1585137 1582240 2026-08-06T19:14:48Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}} == Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities == '''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi. === Orodha ya Mipango === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Mpango !Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka !Maelezo |- |1 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|Monthly Edit-thon]] |5 |Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |2 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|WikiHealth]] |2 |Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya. |- |3 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|Wikimalkia]] |5 |Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |4 |[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]] |2 |Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani. |- |5 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|Error and Fix Campaign]] |4 |Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo. |- |6 |[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]] |10 |Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule. |- |7 |[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]] |1 |Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro. |- |8 |[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]] |Ripoti ya ushiriki |Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania. |- |9 |[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]] |1 |Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake. |} [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] ghjlx6ixnt9ueb470f694461bvryyfo 1585139 1585137 2026-08-06T19:17:04Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}} == Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities == '''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi. === Orodha ya Mipango === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Mpango !Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka !Maelezo |- |1 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|Monthly Edit-thon]] |5 |Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |2 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|WikiHealth]] |2 |Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya. |- |3 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|Wikimalkia]] |5 |Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |4 |[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]] |2 |Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani. |- |5 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|Error and Fix Campaign]] |4 |Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo. |- |6 |[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]] |10 |Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule. |- |7 |[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]] |1 |Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro. |- |8 |[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]] |Ripoti ya ushiriki |Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania. |- |9 |[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]] |1 |Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake. |} [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] m1hxezqkiesc7vndgki78mm3xtr0626 1585148 1585139 2026-08-06T19:28:53Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}} == Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities == '''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi. === Orodha ya Mipango === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Mpango !Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka !Maelezo |- |1 |[[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|Monthly Edit-thon]] |5 |Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |2 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|WikiHealth]] |2 |Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya. |- |3 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|Wikimalkia]] |5 |Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |4 |[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]] |2 |Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani. |- |5 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|Error and Fix Campaign]] |4 |Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo. |- |6 |[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]] |10 |Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule. |- |7 |[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]] |1 |Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro. |- |8 |[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]] |Ripoti ya ushiriki |Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania. |- |9 |[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]] |1 |Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake. |} [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] b07gurutqont0u916agawzguur730xc 1585158 1585148 2026-08-06T19:35:42Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}} == Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities == '''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi. === Orodha ya Mipango === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Mpango !Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka !Maelezo |- |1 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|Monthly Edit-thon]] |5 |Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |2 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|WikiHealth]] |2 |Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya. |- |3 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Wikimalkia|Wikimalkia]] |5 |Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia. |- |4 |[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]] |2 |Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani. |- |5 |[[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|Error and Fix Campaign]] |4 |Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo. |- |6 |[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]] |10 |Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule. |- |7 |[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]] |1 |Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro. |- |8 |[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]] |Ripoti ya ushiriki |Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania. |- |9 |[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]] |1 |Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake. |} [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] h1h7nlpdzokz1umoshsrk6v6tdpjd2o 10 241248 1585155 1575146 2026-08-06T19:32:18Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 1585155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20; background:#F7F9F8; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2D9B68 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon|{{uc:Overview}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Editathons.svg|26px]] | tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon/July 2026 Onboarding and Orientation Edit-a-thon|{{uc:JULY 2026 ONBOARDING AND ORIENTATION EDIT-A-THON}}]] | icon2 = [[File:Handshake noun.svg|26px]] | tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon/September 2026 Wikidata Training|{{uc:SEPTEMBER 2026 WIKIDATA TRAINING}}]] | icon3 = [[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|26px]] | tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon/December 2026 Wikimedia Commons Training|{{uc:DECEMBER 2026 WIKIMEDIA COMMONS TRAINING}}]] | icon4 = [[File:Commons-logo.svg|26px]] | tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon/March 2027 Guided Editing and Peer Learning Session|{{uc:MARCH 2027 GUIDED EDITING AND PEER LEARNING SESSION}}]] | icon5 = [[File:Communication icon (The Noun Project).svg|26px]] | tab6 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon/June 2027 Edit-a-thon Wrap-up|{{uc:JUNE 2027 EDIT-A-THON WRAP-UP}}]] | icon6 = [[File:SVG Trophy Star.svg|26px]] }} j2ret2ys2uhuteqfjayutlydrzjcya0 0 241249 1585151 1575150 2026-08-06T19:30:58Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon]] hadi [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon]] 1575150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon}} '''Monthly Edit-thon ya Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27''' inalenga kuwakutanisha pamoja wahariri wenye uzoefu, wanaoanza, na wanaopenda kuchangia kwenye wikipedia yetu ya kiswahili. Kutakua na mfululizo wa warsha zenye mada maalumu na mafunzo kwa vitendo ili kuendelea kujenga na kuimarisha uwezo wa wachangiaji kwenye wikipedia ya Kiswahili . Katika kipindi chote cha mwaka 2026-27, tutajikita katika kuwajengea ujuzi wa uhariri, kuboresha ubora wa maudhui, na kuimarisha ushiriki wa jamii tukihakikisha Wikipedia ya Kiswahili inaendelea kukua na kuwa na maudhui yanayo endana na tamaduni za kutanzania. ==Shughuli na Ratiba== * Onboarding and Orientation Edit-a-thon: '''July 2026''' * Wikidata Training: '''September 2026''' * Wikimedia Commons Training: '''December 2026''' * Guided Editing and Peer Learning Session: '''March 2027''' * Edit-a-thon Wrap-up: '''June 2027''' [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon]] [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] [[Jamii:Editathons swwiki]] 0fnnmgiansk8z1rnbidel1xef2agc7z 10 241252 1585144 1575160 2026-08-06T19:24:04Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 marekebisho madogo 1585144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20; background:#F7F9F8; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2D9B68 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth|{{uc:Overview}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Community Health Advocate - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] | tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth/November 2026 Health Content Edit-a-thon and Eye Health Outreach|{{uc:NOVEMBER 2026 HEALTH CONTENT EDIT-A-THON AND EYE HEALTH OUTREACH}}]] | icon2 = [[File:Community Health Advocate - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] | tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth/May 2027 Health Content Wrap-up and Community Health Outreach|{{uc:MAY 2027 HEALTH CONTENT WRAP-UP AND COMMUNITY HEALTH OUTREACH}}]] | icon3 = [[File:SVG Trophy Star.svg|26px]] }} 9f6d3ry3oblvs9s1m3fp593eeukc9qq 0 241253 1585146 1575162 2026-08-06T19:27:03Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth]] hadi [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth]] 1575162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth}} '''WikiHealth ya Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27''' ni mradi mpya unaowaleta pamoja wahariri wa wikipedia na wataalamu wa afya ili kuboresha maudhui ya afya kwenye Wikipedia yetu ya Kiswahili. Mwaka huu, mradi huu utachanganya uboreshaji wa maudhui mtandaoni na uhamasishaji wa moja kwa moja kweye jamii, ikiwemo uchunguzi wa macho na ugawaji wa miwani kwa wenye uhitaji, ili kuunganisha maarifa ya mtandaoni na athari halisi kwa jamii. ==Shughuli na Ratiba== * Health Content Edit-a-thon and Eye Health Outreach: '''November 2026''' * Health Content Wrap-up and Community Health Outreach: '''May 2027''' [[Jamii:Editathons swwiki]] [[Category:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth]] 187eylrv25i24kui8gzmm2kg9y5cyac 0 241340 1585097 1575942 2026-08-06T15:37:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|picha=Nabil Ayouch 2014.jpg|jina la kuzaliwa=Nabil Ayouch|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=1 Aprili 1969|mwenza=Maryam Touzani|wazazi=Noureddine Ayouch|uraia=Moroko|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Muongozaji wa Filamu}} '''Nabil Ayouch''' (alizaliwa 1 Aprili [[1969]]) ni mkurugenzi, mtayarishaji na mwandishi wa televisheni na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na [[Moroko]]. Filamu zake zimeonyeshwa katika matamasha ya filamu ya kimataifa ikiwa ni pamoja na Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes na Tamasha la Filamu la Dunia la Montreal. ==Maisha ya awali== Ayouch alizaliwa mwaka wa 1969 huko Paris, kwa baba wa Moroko, Noureddine Ayouch na mama Mfaransa mwenye asili ya Tunisia-Kiyahudi. Ndugu yake ni mkurugenzi mwenza Hicham Ayouch. Baada ya talaka ya wazazi wake, alitumia sehemu kubwa ya utoto wake katika kitongoji cha Sarcelles<ref>{{Citation|title=Nabil Ayouch secoue le cocotier marocain - Le Temps|date=2016-03-08|url=https://www.letemps.ch/culture/ecrans/nabil-ayouch-secoue-cocotier-marocain|language=fr|issn=1423-3967|access-date=2026-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Benbachir|first=Simo|title=Nabil Ayouch ... le controversé - Maroc Local et Nouvelles du Monde {{!}} Nouvelles juives du Maroc, dernières nouvelles {{!}} מרוקו ג׳וייש טיימס, חדשות מרוקו והעולם {{!}} Morocco News {{!}} أخبار المغرب|date=2019-06-03|url=https://www.moroccojewishtimes.com/2019/06/03/nabil-ayouch-le-controverse/|work=Maroc Local et Nouvelles du Monde {{!}} Nouvelles juives du Maroc, dernières nouvelles {{!}} מרוקו ג׳וייש טיימס, חדשות מרוקו והעולם {{!}} Morocco News {{!}} أخبار المغرب|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-06-20}}</ref> akitembelea Casablanca majira ya kiangazi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Elgrably|first=Jordan|title=Razzia: Nabil Ayouch's critical multi-threaded homage to Morocco's cultural tapestry|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/features/razzia-nabil-ayouchs-critical-homage-moroccos-cultural-tapestry|work=The New Arab|language=en-EN|access-date=2026-06-20|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128231639/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/features/razzia-nabil-ayouchs-critical-homage-moroccos-cultural-tapestry|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayouch anataja ugunduzi wa sinema ya kimataifa katika kituo cha kitamaduni cha ndani, Forum des Cholettes, kama msukumo katika kazi yake ya utayarishaji filamu. ==Kazi ya Filamu== Ayouch alianza kazi yake kama mwandishi wa hati na mkurugenzi katika wakala wa utangazaji Euro-RSCG. Mnamo 1992, aliongoza Les Pierres bleues du désert, filamu fupi ya kwanza na Jamel Debbouze ambayo inasimulia historia ya kijana aliyesadikishwa kuwa kuna mawe makubwa ya bluu jangwani. Mnamo 1993, Ayourch aliishia kutua Casablanca, ambapo aliongoza filamu mbili fupi, ''Hertzienne Connexion'' (1993) na ''Vendeur de silence'' (1994), ambayo alipata kutambuliwa kimataifa. Mnamo 1997, Ayouch aliongoza filamu yake ya kwanza ya Mektoub, ambayo iliwakilisha Morocco kwenye tuzo za Oscar. Pia aliongoza filamu za kipengele ''Une Minute de soleil en moins'' (2003) na ''Whatever Lola Wants (2008),'' zilizotayarishwa na Pathé.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0043953/bio|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-06-20}}</ref> Mnamo 1999, Ayouch aliunda kampuni ya uzalishaji inayoitwa Ali n'Productions ili kuwasaidia wakurugenzi vijana kuanzisha taaluma zao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Behind the Silver Screen: A Conversation with Morocco’s Nabil Ayouch|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/03/82023/screen-morocco-nabil-ayouch/|work=Morocco World News|date=2019-03-17|accessdate=2026-06-20|language=en-US|author=sarah-goodman}}</ref> Alishinda Tuzo ya Ecumenical mwaka wa 2000 katika Tamasha la Filamu la Dunia la Montreal kwa filamu yake Ali Zaoua: ''Prince of the Streets''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fiche auteur : AYOUCH Nabil|url=http://crac.lbn.fr/image/ficheauteur.php?id=10|work=crac.lbn.fr|accessdate=2026-06-20|archive-date=2005-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051015150319/http://crac.lbn.fr/image/ficheauteur.php?id=10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayouch anatazamiwa kutoa filamu ya kusisimua ya Kifaransa-Moroko ya Mirages. Filamu ya Ayouch ya 2012 ya Horses of God inatokana na riwaya ya Mahi Binebine The Stars of Sidi Moumen. Katika Horses of God, Ayouch anachunguza itikadi kali zinazoweza kutokea kutokana na umaskini na umasikini uliokithiri, akirejelea milipuko ya 2003 ya Casablanca. Filamu hii ilishindana katika sehemu ya Un Certain Regard katika Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la 2012. Ilikuwa pia wasilisho la Moroko kwa Tuzo za 85 za Oscar (zilizofanyika Februari 2013). Mnamo 2021, filamu ya Ayouch Casablanca Beats ilichaguliwa kwa shindano la 74 la Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes. Mnamo Februari 2025, Ayouch alijiunga na jury la shindano katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la 75 la Berlin, lililoongozwa na Todd Haynes. Ayouch ni mwanachama wa ''Academy of Motion Pictures'', Academie des Césars, na Arab Film Academy. ==Utata== Filamu ya Ayouch ya ''Much Loved'', ambayo hufanyika huko Marrakesh, ilizua tafrani kutokana na matukio yake ya ngono yasiyoiga hasa eneo ambapo Loubna Abidar alimtumbuiza mwanamume mtu asiyeiga. Filamu hiyo hatimaye ilipigwa marufuku nchini Moroko. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1969|}} [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 02i25jr3kv6q7dtgaeurdgw7h5hlat3 0 242461 1585086 1581048 2026-08-06T14:08:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Msikiti wa Mandhry''' ni [[msikiti]] ulioko katika [[Mji wa Kale (Mombasa)|mji wa kale]] wa [[Mombasa]]. Yasemekana ni msikiti mkongwe zaidi mjini humo, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mandhry Mosque {{!}} Mombasa, Kenya {{!}} Attractions|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/kenya/the-coast/mombasa/attractions/mandhry-mosque/a/poi-sig/1461458/355339|accessdate=3 August 2025|work=Lonely Planet}}</ref> na wa pili kwa ukongwe nchini [[Kenya]]. Ulijengwa na Waomani mnamo [[1570]] (977-978 AH), na umekuwa ukitunzwa na ukoo wa Mandhry wa Mombasa kwa karne nyingi. Umejengwa kwa uashi wa kale wa [[Usanifu majengo wa Waswahili|Kiswahili]], ukiwa na mnara wa mviringo, na ni mojawapo ya misikiti miwili pekee duniani yenye mihirabu miwili. == Historia == Msikiti huo ulijengwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 1570 na wahamiaji kutoka Oman. <ref name="oase"/> Kulingana na Dkt. Kalandar Khan, ambaye babu yake babu yake alikuwa miongoni mwa wahamiaji wa kwanza. Waswahili waliokuwa kando ya pwani walitafuta msaada kutoka Oman baada ya Wareno kuvamia mji wa Mombasa na kuweka utawala wa kikatili na wa kidikteta ambao Waswahili waliuchukia. Waomani walipofika, walikaa katika eneo la Mji wa Kale, waliijenga nyumba zilokurubuiana. Pia walihitaji mahali pa ibada, jambo lililosababisha kujengwa kwa Msikiti wa Mandhry. <ref name="oase" /> Msikiti huo ulipewa jina la ukoo wa Mandhry, ambao ulikaa katika Mji wa Kale, na umetunzwa na ukoo huo kwa karne nyingi. <ref name="oase" /> Msikiti huo umenusurika tangu enzi ya utawala wa Wareno katika maeneo ya pwani. Msikiti huo ulikarabatiwa mwaka wa 1988. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Archnet > Site > Mandhry Mosque Expansion|url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/1243|accessdate=3 August 2025|work=www.archnet.org|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806081648/https://www.archnet.org/sites/1243|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uashi na mtindo == Msikiti huu umejengwa kwa mtindo [[Usanifu majengo wa Waswahili|wa uashi wa Kiswahili]] . Ni mmoja kati ya misikiti miwili pekee duniani yenye mihirab mbili (maeneo yanayoonyesha mwelekeo wa msikiti mtakatifu wa [[Makka]] ), mwingine ukiwa ni Masjid Qiblatain huko Saudi Arabia. <ref name="oase"/> Awali msikiti huo ulikuwa mweupe, ulijengwa kwa kutumia matumbawe yaliyochomwa na kuwa majivu na kuchanganywa katika kusagwa na chokaa. <ref name="oase">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Masjid Mandhry Tempat Al-Quran Tertua di Kenya Disimpan|url=https://www.oase.id/read/masjid-mandhry-tempat-al-quran-tertua-di-kenya-disimpan|work=Oase.id|date=2023-12-03|accessdate=2026-02-19|language=id}}</ref> Licha ya kuibuka kwa madhehebu ya [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]] ya Shafi miongoni mwa Waomani kwenye [[Pwani ya Waswahili]] katika karne ya 16, Ibadi yao ilikuwa si haba, ambayo inaonyeshwa katika mtindo wa ibadi ya Misikiti ya Wamandhry. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)">nukuu inahitajika</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sehemu ya nje ya msikiti huo haina zaa zaa sana bali ni muondo na muonekano wa kawaida tu, huku sehemu ya ndani ikiwa na milango mitano yalionakishiwa, madirisha manne yaliyochongwa, maandishi, madawati, na nafasi zenye matao. Pia ina mnara wa mviringo, sehemu adhimu inayoshirikiwa na misikiti michache tu kando ya Pwani ya Uswahili. Karibu na hapo kuna kisima cha Mandhry, ambacho kwa kawaida hutumika kwa kutawadhia (udhu). Msikiti huo baadaye ulipakwa rangi ya manjano ili kuuhifadhi na kuutofautisha na majengo yanayouzunguka. <ref name="oase" /> Sehemu ya zamani zaidi ya msikiti, ilijengwa mwaka wa 1570 na awali ilikuwa ikimudu waumini wapatao kumi, ina mionekano kadhaa ya awali. Inahifadhi misahafu ([[Kurani|Quran]]) ya zamani iloandikwa kwa mikono, inayoonekana katika kioo kilobandikwa ndani mwa nguzo za msikiti huo inayodhibitiwa na hali ya hewa, pamoja na minbar ya asili yenye maandishi ya Quran. Ingawa msikiti huo ulipanuliwa yapata karne moja iliyopita, mabaki haya na muundo wa awali wa ndani bado haujaharibika katika hali yake ya mwanzo. <ref name="oase"/> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Msikiti]] [[Jamii:Mombasa]] [[Jamii:Waswahili]] 20zsfib7ash0mntay785sm1hgsufzyv 0 242463 1585111 1581051 2026-08-06T17:04:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nimon Toki Lala''' (alizaliwa [[Kara (Togo)|Kara]], [[Togo]], 1955<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Nimon Toki Lala |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/1673161-Nimon-Toki-Lala |website=Discogs |access-date=2025-11-17}}</ref>) ni mwimbaji na mnenguaji kutoka Togo. Alianza kazi yake ya kimuziki mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1970]] na kushinda tuzo ya ''Prix Découverte ya Radio France Internationale'' (RFI) mnamo mwaka 1982. Mtindo wake wa muziki unachanganya [[soukous]], [[rumba]] ya Kongo, na miondoko ya kiasili ya [[Togo]]. == Maisha == Nimon Toki Lala ni mtoto wa kwanza katika familia yao. Mama yake, aliyekuwa katika mazingira duni sana na akiwa na khanga mbili tu wakati wa kuzaliwa kwake, alikuwa na mchango mkubwa sana katika maisha yake<ref name=":0">{{cite web |language=fr-FR |first=Gaëtan |last=Noussouglo |title=Nimon Toki Lala |url=https://togocultures.com/nimon-toki-lala/ |website=togocultures.com |date=2009-10-25 |access-date=2025-11-17}}</ref>. Baba yake, ambaye alikuwa mpenzi wa riwaya za [[Guy des Cars]], alirejea nyumbani baadaye tu baada ya kuwakimbia<ref name=":0" />. Akiwa kidato cha pili, alipata ujauzito na kuondoka Kara kwenda [[Lomé]] ili kujifungulia kwa binamu yake<ref name=":0" />. Mnamo mwaka 1978, alichaguliwa na [[Yta Jaurias|Yta Jourias]] kuwa mnenguaji katika ziara barani [[Ulaya]], jambo lililomfanya ahamie na kuishi nchini [[Ufaransa]]<ref name=":0" />. Alianza kuimba rasmi kama mwanamuziki wa kulipwa mnamo mwaka 1978<ref name=":1">{{cite web |language=en |title=Nimon-Toki Lala |url=https://peel.fandom.com/wiki/Nimon-Toki-Lala |website=John Peel Wiki |access-date=2025-11-17 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Mnamo mwaka 1982, alishinda tuzo ya Découverte kutoka Radio France Internationale (RFI)<ref name=":0" />. Tuzo hiyo ilimfungulia milango ya kutumbuiza katika majukwaa makubwa ya Ulaya<ref name=":0" />. == Mtindo wa muziki na kazi == Mtindo wake unajulikana kwa kuwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa [[soukous]], ukichanganywa na midundo ya asili kutoka nchini kwake Togo<ref name=":0" />. Miongoni mwa wasanii alioshirikiana nao ni pamoja na [[Aurlus Mabele|Aurlus Mabélé]]<ref name=":0" />, [[Awilo Longomba]] Ingawa diskografia yake kamili haijatunzwa kikamilifu katika vyanzo vilivyorejelewa, inajulikana kuwa alikuwa na jumla ya albamu saba kufikia wakati makala ya mwaka 2009 ilipoandikwa<ref name=":0" />. Tovuti hiyo pia ilieleza kuwa albamu yake ya kwanza kamili ilikuwa na nyimbo kumi na moja na ilitoka mwaka 1999 ikiwa na anwani ya ''Consécration''<ref name=":1" />. == Maisha binafsi == Lala alisimama kidogo kufanya muziki kama kazi yake, hali iliyosababishwa hasa na ugonjwa na hatimaye kifo cha mama yake<ref name=":0" />. Anaishi mjini [[Paris]], nchini [[Ufaransa]]<ref name=":1" />. == Tuzo na heshima == * Tuzo ya « Découverte » ya RFI, 1982<ref name=":0" />{{,}}<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Nimon Toki Lala |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/fr/directory/nimon-toki-lala |website=Music In Africa |date=2015-11-23 |access-date=2025-11-17}}</ref>. == Diskografia == Katika kazi yake ya muziki, Lala ametoa albamu kadhaa zikiwemo<ref name=":0" />{{,}}<ref name=":1" />{{,}}<ref name="Musique/Anniversaire: Nimon Toki Lala fête ses 30 années de carrière">{{cite web |language=fr-FR |first=Paul |last=Amegbo |title=Musique/Anniversaire: Nimon Toki Lala fête ses 30 années de carrière |url=https://www.savoirnews.net/blog/2012/03/10/musique-anniversaire-nimon-toki-lala-fete-ses-30-annees-de-carriere/ |website=LA PREMIERE AGENCE DE PRESSE PRIVEE AU TOGO |date=2012-03-10 |access-date=2025-11-17 |archive-date=2025-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215104259/https://www.savoirnews.net/blog/2012/03/10/musique-anniversaire-nimon-toki-lala-fete-ses-30-annees-de-carriere/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |title=Accueil |url=https://togocultures.com/ |website=togocultures.com |access-date=2025-11-17}}</ref>: * ''Consécration'' (1999) * ''Ça Déménage (Pépito)'' (1993) * ''Consécration'' (2013) * ''L’Ouragan'' (2013) * ''En feu (Ezo Miam)'' (2013) * ''Bonne Année'' * ''Obé'' * ''Ayélé'' == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Togo]] 93wd9nqdcmfr35jrdeojlp020aew6rf 0 242611 1585372 1581545 2026-08-07T09:39:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Venus Vance''' (aliyefariki takribani mwaka [[1850]]) alikuwa mtumwa wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani. Alikuwa akimilikiwa na kufanyishwa kazi katika shamba la familia ya Vance (Vance plantation) na David Vance pamoja na Mira Margaret Baird Vance, ambao walikuwa wazazi wa Gavana wa North Carolina, Zebulon Vance, na Mjumbe wa Bunge la Marekani, Robert B. Vance.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.blueridgeheritage.com/event/venus-vance-a-virtual-appalachian-christmas-carol/|title=Venus & Vance: A Virtual Appalachian Christmas Carol – Blue Ridge National Heritage Area|website=www.blueridgeheritage.com|accessdate=2026-07-25|archive-date=2025-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813170332/https://www.blueridgeheritage.com/event/venus-vance-a-virtual-appalachian-christmas-carol/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Venus Vance alipewa jukumu la kuwalea watoto hao wawili, Zebulon Vance na Robert B. Vance, wakati wa kipindi ambacho utumwa ulikuwa bado unatekelezwa nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://historicsites.nc.gov/all-sites/zebulon-b-vance-birthplace/history/zebulon-vance|title=Zebulon Vance &#124; NC Historic Sites|website=historicsites.nc.gov}}</ref><ref name="special">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Enslaved People of the Vance Family|url=https://specialcollections.buncombecounty.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/enslaved-people-of-the-vance-family.pdf|website=specialcollections.buncombecounty.org}}</ref> [[Faili:Zebulon_Baird_Vance_birthplace,_Reems_Creek,_North_Carolina.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Nyumba ambapo Venus alikuwa mtumwa]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1850]] 61l0q7nuctmc4kuddus8k0v3qt8c0a8 0 242859 1585094 1581898 2026-08-06T15:14:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sierra Leone Koindu dance.jpg|thumb|Muziki wa Sierra Leone]] '''Muziki wa Sierra Leone''' ni mchanganyiko wa [[muziki]] wa [[asili]] wa wenyeji pamoja na mitindo ya muziki iliyoathiriwa na [[tamaduni]] za [[Ufaransa]], [[Uingereza]], na [[jamii]] ya Wakrioli. Mojawapo ya [[mitindo]] inayowakilisha muziki wa [[Sierra Leone]], ambao huchezwa kwa kutumia [[gitaa]] la akustik'''i''' likiambatana na ala za midundo. Mtindo huu pia unapatikana katika nchi nyingi zilizo kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Afrika]] [[Magharibi]]. Kama ilivyo kwa nchi nyingi za Afrika Magharibi, Sierra Leone imekumbatia pia [[mitindo]] ya kisasa ya muziki kama vile [[rap]], [[reggae]], [[dancehall]], [[R&B]] na grime. == Muziki wa jadi == Kundi kubwa zaidi la kikabila nchini Sierra Leone ni Watemne, wanaozungumza [[lugha]] za [[familia]] ya Mel, ambao [[mwaka]] [[2009]] walikuwa wakifanya takriban asilimia [[35]] ya idadi ya watu. Wanafuatiwa na Wamende, wanaounda asilimia [[31]] ya wakazi, pamoja na Wamandingo wanaounda asilimia [[2]]. Tamaduni za muziki za Wamende zina uhusiano wa karibu na zile za [[jamii]] za Wamende katika nchi jirani. [[Makundi]] mengine ya kikabila yaliyorekodiwa ni Walimba (asilimia [[8]]), Wakono (asilimia [[5]]), Waloko (asilimia 2) na Wakrioli wa Sierra Leone (asilimia 2), huku asilimia [[15]] ya wakazi wakiorodheshwa katika kundi la "wengine." [[Vita]] na migogoro ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe iliyotokea katika maeneo mbalimbali ya Afrika Magharibi imesababisha kupungua kwa [[idadi]] na uwepo wa wasanii wa muziki wa jadi.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo|title=World music : the rough guide|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=London : Rough Guides|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-85828-635-8}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone: Afropop Country -- West Africa, palm wine|url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/country_info/ID/19/Sierra%20Leone|work=www.afropop.org|accessdate=2026-07-26|archive-date=2005-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414192612/http://www.afropop.org/explore/country_info/ID/19/Sierra%20Leone|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Sierra Leone]] [[Jamii:Afrika]] 5u7xtj7jnsi6o1mksifzfqxko1a008w 0 242927 1585202 1582889 2026-08-07T01:58:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shardé Thomas''' (alizaliwa [[Januari]] [[1990]], Coldwater, Mississippi, [[Marekani]]), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://digital.livingblues.comhttps//digital.livingblues.com/articles/sharde-thomas-mallory|title=Living Blues Living Blues #293: Sharde Thomas-Mallory|work=Digital.livingblues.comhttps|accessdate=November 10, 2025}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[Fife (ala ya muziki)|fife]] wa Marekani katika utamaduni wa fife wa Marekani na blues za ngoma unaotoweka. Yeye ni mjukuu wa [[Othar Turner]], aliyeanzisha Rising Star Fife na Drum Band, na binamu wa mwanabendi mwenzake Andre Turner Evans. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] b72elkcjz92f2oc128rmw75tx0t8jzc 0 242962 1585093 1582926 2026-08-06T15:11:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Malawi''' umejengwa kutokana na mchanganyiko wa tamaduni kuu tatu: [[Uingereza]], [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]]. Kwa sababu ya historia ya Wamalawi kuwa wasafiri, wafanyakazi na wahamiaji katika nchi nyingine za Afrika, waliweza kusambaza [[muziki]] wao na kuuchanganya na mitindo mbalimbali ya muziki kutoka maeneo tofauti. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], [[wanajeshi]] walibeba aina mbalimbali za muziki kwenda maeneo ya mbali na waliporudi walileta mitindo hiyo Malawi. Hii ilisababisha kuongezeka kwa umaarufu wa vyombo kama [[gitaa]] na banjo, ambavyo vilianza kutumika katika bendi za [[dansi]]. Pia, Wamalawi waliokuwa wakifanya kazi katika migodi ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]] walichangia kuibuka kwa mitindo mipya kama Kwela. Katika kipindi cha ukoloni, Malawi ilipata wasanii kadhaa maarufu, akiwemo Tony Bird, mwimbaji wa folk-rock aliyechanganya utamaduni wa Malawi na Waafrika wenye asili ya [[Kiholanzi]] . Wakati wa utawala wa [[Rais]] Hastings Banda, baadhi ya nyimbo zilizokuwa na ujumbe wa kisiasa au maudhui yaliyodhaniwa kuwa hayafai zilidhibitiwa na serikali. Hali hii ilipunguza ukuaji wa muziki wa Malawi kimataifa kati ya mwaka [[1964]] hadi [[1994]]. Baada ya kuanza kwa mfumo wa vyama vingi mwaka 1994, wasanii walipata uhuru mkubwa wa kujieleza, na muziki wa Malawi ukaanza kukua kwa kasi. Tangu mwaka 1994, tasnia ya muziki nchini Malawi imeendelea kukua na kuzalisha wasanii wengi maarufu. Baadhi ya wasanii waliopata umaarufu kimataifa ni Wambali Mkandawire, Erik Paliani, Lucius Banda, Tay Grin, Esau Mwamwaya, Tsar Leo na LULU (Lawrence Khwisa). Muziki wa Malawi ulipata heshima kubwa kimataifa mwaka [[2015]], baada ya kundi la Zomba Prison Project kuteuliwa kwenye tuzo za Grammy kwa albamu yao ''"I Have No Everything Here"'' katika kipengele cha Best World Music Album.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Jecks|first=Nikki|date=2009-08-06|title=Reviving Malawi's music heritage|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8185971.stm|access-date=2012-01-29|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/n3/mode/2up?q=afroma|title=Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-858-28-635-2|location=London|page=354|access-date=29 Jun 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/538/mode/2up?q=wambali|title=Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East|last=Broughton|first=Simon|date=1999|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-858-28-635-2|location=London|page=533, 538|access-date=29 Jun 2026}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last1=Perullo |first1=Alex |last2=Fenn |first2=John |date=Fall 2000 |title=Language Ideologies, Choices, and Practices in Eastern African Hip Hop |url=https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=eng_jou |journal=English and Cultural Studios Journal |volume= |pages= |via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=AAA EP : #BlantyreBlues – HGA [Malawi]|url=http://allaroundafrica.net/2016/01/05/aaa-ep-blantyreblues-hga-malawi/|website=www.allaroundafrica.net|publisher=All Around Africa|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204084911/http://allaroundafrica.net/2016/01/05/aaa-ep-blantyreblues-hga-malawi/|archive-date=4 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tsar Leo prepares to storm africa as malawian hip hop comes of age|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/tsar-leo-prepares-to-storm-africa-as-malawian-hip-hop-comes-of-age/a|access-date=2 September 2016|publisher=MTV|date=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lxrry Announces New His Project|url=https://massplugmag.com/article/lxrry-announces-his-new-project|website=www.massplug|publisher=Mass Plug|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-date=2020-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117071839/http://massplugmag.com/article/lxrry-announces-his-new-project|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-muziki-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Malawi| ]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Malawi]] hmimy49ennabi17tsavsky0oub6bjrv 0 243032 1585331 1583204 2026-08-07T06:50:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mwonekano wa kipekee unaomtambulisha''' au '''mwonekano wa kipekee''' ni mavazi ya jukwaani au alama nyingine bainifu zinazotumiwa na mhusika fulani au mwigizaji/msanii, ambazo humfanya mtu huyo kutambulika zaidi na watazamaji. Wanasiasa pia wanaweza kuwa na alama zao za kipekee, kama vile suti ya Rais wa Marekani [[Barack Obama]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/kate-finnigan/TMG10476093/Signature-looks-12-of-the-best.html |work=The Telegraph |title=Signature looks: 12 of the best |access-date=15 January 2014 }}</ref> au ishara ya mikono ya Merkel-Raute ya Kansela wa Ujerumani Angela Merkel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/barack-obamas-trademark-suit-has-everyone-talking-4139873 |work=about.com |title=Barack Obama's Trademark Suit Has Everyone Talking |access-date=15 January 2014 |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326143822/https://www.liveabout.com/barack-obamas-trademark-suit-has-everyone-talking-4139873 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pia inaweza kumaanisha mavazi ya jamii ndogo ya kitamaduni (*subculture*) fulani.<ref>{{cite web|title=Teddy Girls|url=http://history-is-made-at-night.blogspot.com/2008/12/teddy-girls.html|work=History is made at night|accessdate=25 August 2013|date=31 December 2008}}</ref> Baadhi ya alama za kipekee zinaweza kuwa zilianza kama utani wa ndani (*in-joke*), lakini baadaye zikaja kutambuliwa na hadhira pana. Watu maarufu kama Steve Jobs na Mark Zuckerberg wanajulikana kwa kuwa na mitindo yao rahisi na ya kipekee ya [[mavazi]]. Sababu inayotajwa ni kupunguza muda unaotumika kila siku kufanya uamuzi wa mavazi ya kuvaa. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Mavazi]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni]] jbvpn97ons6sy3sfltau7ak4qv2n0g2 0 243356 1585185 1583637 2026-08-06T23:17:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin W. Kilson''' (1953–2009) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa historia kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kushirikiana kuandaa [[mkutano]] wa mwaka [[1994]] ulioitwa Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name 1894–1994 katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Massachusetts (MIT). == Wasifu == Kilson alizaliwa tarehe 31 Mei 1953 huko Newton, Massachusetts. Alipata shahada ya kwanza, [[shahada]] ya uzamili na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]]. Alifundisha katika Chuo cha Bryn Mawr, MIT, Chuo cha Mount Holyoke, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko Dallas|Chuo Kikuu cha Texas]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Collection: Papers of Robin W. Kilson, 1956-2015 {{!}} HOLLIS for|url=https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/7197|work=hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu|accessdate=2026-08-04|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> huko Austin, na Chuo Kikuu cha Northeastern. Mwaka 1993, alikuwa mtafiti mwenzake katika Bunting Institute ya Radcliffe College. Mwaka 1994, Kilson na Evelynn M. Hammonds waliandaa mkutano uliofanyika kuanzia tarehe 13 hadi 15 Januari katika MIT, uliolenga kuchunguza uzoefu wa maprofesa wanawake Weusi katika [[taasisi]] za elimu ya juu. Mkutano huo uliwahusisha wazungumzaji mashuhuri akiwemo Vinie Burrows, Johnnetta Cole, Angela Davis, na Lani Guinier, na ulihudhuriwa na zaidi ya watu 2,000. Mwaka 1999, Kilson alihariri kwa pamoja na Robert D. King kitabu Statecraft of British Imperialism: Essays in Honour of Wm. Roger Louis.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Robin Kilson Obituary - Cambridge, Massachusetts - Tributes.com|url=http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Robin-W.-Kilson-85862615|work=www.tributes.com|accessdate=2026-08-04|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Kilson alikuwa ameolewa na Burr Tweedy. Alifariki tarehe 29 Aprili 2009 huko Cambridge, Massachusetts. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] cy0qv3qdrxfhx0o34h18vzyc9w9oamb 0 243522 1585096 1584142 2026-08-06T15:25:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myriam Magassouba''' ni mhariri wa [[filamu]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Quebec]], [[Kanada]].<ref>[http://www.lienmultimedia.com/spip.php?article46824 "Myriam Magassouba, monteuse et réalisatrice"]. ''Lien Multimédia'', February 27, 2015.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa filamu yake fupi *Where I Am (film)* (*Là où je suis*), ambayo ilimletea tuzo ya Jutra Award ya Filamu Fupi Bora ya [[Tamthilia]] (Best Live Action Short Film)** katika **Tuzo za 15 za Jutra** mwaka 2013.<ref name=northernstars>[https://www.northernstars.ca/les-prix-jutras/ "Les Prix Jutras / The Jutra Awards"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.northernstars.ca/les-prix-jutras/ |date=20220123060200 }}. ''Northern Stars''.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9oqpqrderyrr6fyeizcfl88h41fjkv4 0 243549 1585309 1584160 2026-08-07T05:48:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terry Timmons''' (jina la kuzaliwa ''Teresa Walker''; 12 Aprili 1927 – 3 Agosti 1970) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki wa R&B]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alitumbuiza na kurekodi nyimbo mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950, huku mtindo wake wa uimbaji ukilinganishwa na ule wa Dinah Washington.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Terry Timmons — Biography, Discography, Albums & Expert Reviews|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-timmons-mn0000961687|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2026-08-05|language=en}}</ref> Alizaliwa Cleveland, jimbo la [[Ohio]], [[muda]] mfupi baada ya wazazi wake na kaka zake kuhamia kutoka [[Charleston, West Virginia]]. Aliimba akiwa shuleni na alianza kuimba kitaalamu alipokuwa katikati ya umri wa ujana. Paul Gayten alimwona akiimba katika klabu moja na akamchukua kujiunga na [[bendi]] yake kama mbadala wa Annie Laurie. Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940, alihamia [[Chicago]] na kuanza kutumbuiza kama mwimbaji mkuu wa bendi ya Memphis Slim iliyojulikana kwa jina la ''Houserockers''. Rekodi zake za kwanza zilifanywa mwishoni mwa mwaka 1950 kwa [[kampuni]] ya Premium Records mjini Chicago. Kampuni hiyo ilitoa singo mbili: ''Eating My Heart Out For You'' / ''Your Key Won't Fit In My Door'', na ''You Foolish Thing''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=timmons|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/timmons.html|work=home.earthlink.net|accessdate=2026-08-05|archive-date=2013-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301044327/http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/timmons.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1970]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] dpyphzjkly0tp6fx7gfdwhtsrj0495p 0 243568 1585354 1584359 2026-08-07T08:33:13Z ElimuWiki 91225 1585354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grzegorz Zieliński''' (alizaliwa 1996) ni mtaalamu wa tiba ya viungo, mtaalamu wa [[epidemiolojia]], na mtaalamu wa takwimu za kitabibu kutoka Polandi. == Wasifu == Mnamo mwaka 2024, Zieliński alitetea tasnifu yake ya udaktari yenye kichwa ''Myopia and the Bioelectrical Activity of the Masticatory Muscles''. Utafiti wake wa udaktari ulichunguza uhusiano kati ya myopia (uoni hafifu wa mbali) na mabadiliko katika shughuli za kielektriki za misuli ya kutafunia. == Shughuli za kisayansi == '''Shughuli ya epidemiolojia na takwimu''' Zielinski ameandika na kushiriki kuandika machapisho ya kisayansi katika nyanja za tiba ya viungo, udaktari wa meno, epidemiolojia, na mbinu za utafiti wa kitabibu. Utafiti wake umejikita katika matumizi ya vipimo vya ukubwa wa athari, kama vile Cohen's ''d'', Hedges' ''g'', na mgawo wa uhusiano wa Pearson (''r''), pamoja na matumizi ya uchambuzi wa nguvu ya kitakwimu katika kupanga ukubwa wa sampuli kwa ajili ya tafiti za kitabibu. Katika baadhi ya machapisho yake, ameeleza kuwa tafsiri ya ukubwa wa athari inapaswa kuzingatia sifa za taaluma husika za kitabibu badala ya kutegemea kikamilifu viwango vya jumla vilivyopendekezwa na Jacob Cohen. <ref name="pr">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Grzegorz Zieliński|title=Getting to Know Pain Effect Sizes—Guidelines for Effect Size and Sample Size in Global Pain Research|date=January 2026|pages=726–733|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003999326000286|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.apmr.2026.01.006}}</ref> <ref name="ss">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Grzegorz Zieliński, Mieszko Więckiewicz|title=New effect size and sample size guidelines in dentistry|date=2025-10-28|pages=907–917|url=https://dmp.umw.edu.pl/en/article/2025/62/5/907/|doi=10.17219/dmp/210478}}</ref> <ref name="es">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Grzegorz Zieliński|title=Effect Size Guidelines for Individual and Group Differences in Physiotherapy|date=December 2025|pages=1844–1849|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003999325007178|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.apmr.2025.05.013}}</ref> ==== Epidemiolojia na utabiri wa kitabibu ==== Zielinski amechapisha tafiti kuhusu epidemiolojia ya matatizo ya mfumo wa stomatognathiki katika maeneo mbalimbali ya kijiografia.<ref name="ma2">{{cite journal |last=Grzegorz Zieliński, Beata Pająk-Zielińska, Michał Ginszt |date=2024-02-28 |title=A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders |journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine |language=en |volume=13 |issue=5 |page=1365 |doi=10.3390/jcm13051365 |pmc=10931584 |pmid=38592227 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="sb2">{{cite journal |last=Grzegorz Zieliński, Agnieszka Pająk, Marcin Wójcicki |date=2024-07-22 |title=Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine |language=en |volume=13 |issue=14 |page=4259 |doi=10.3390/jcm13144259 |pmc=11278015 |pmid=39064299 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Grzegorz Zieliński, Beata Pająk-Zielińska, Agnieszka Pająk, Marcin Wójcicki, Monika Litko-Rola, Michał Ginszt |date=2025-03-18 |title=Global co-occurrence of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: A meta-regression analysis |url=https://dmp.umw.edu.pl/en/article/2025/62/2/309/ |journal=Dental and Medical Problems |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=309–321 |doi=10.17219/dmp/201376 |pmid=40099938 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Machapisho yake yanajumuisha uchambuzi wa tofauti za kikanda katika kiwango cha kuenea kwa matatizo ya kiungo cha temporomandibula, pamoja na makadirio ya kuenea kwa maumivu ya mdomo na maumivu ya uso katika baadhi ya maeneo duniani.^{.<ref name="ma3">{{cite journal |last=Grzegorz Zieliński, Beata Pająk-Zielińska, Michał Ginszt |date=2024-02-28 |title=A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders |journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine |language=en |volume=13 |issue=5 |page=1365 |doi=10.3390/jcm13051365 |pmc=10931584 |pmid=38592227 |doi-access=free}}</ref>} Pia amechapisha makadirio ya mwelekeo wa baadaye wa kuenea kwa matatizo ya kiungo cha temporomandibula duniani kufikia mwaka 2050.^{<ref name="qv">{{Rejea jarida |last=Grzegorz Zieliński |date=2025-06-20 |title=Quo Vadis Temporomandibular Disorders? By 2050, the Global Prevalence of TMD May Approach 44% |journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine |language=en |volume=14 |issue=13 |page=4414 |doi=10.3390/jcm14134414 |pmc=12249499 |pmid=40648789 |doi-access=free}}</ref>} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Polandi]] rrrurwuhlme9a41hfwgopm6pn5ximcu 0 243644 1585149 1584414 2026-08-06T19:30:14Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585149 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rémi Lamerat.png|thumb|Rémi Lamerat]] '''Rémi Lamerat''' (hutamkwa [ʁe.mi la.mə.ʁa], alizaliwa [[14 Januari]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] kwenye chama kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa mchezaji wa safu ya nyuma . Alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya Stade Toulousain, kabla ya kuhamia Castres Olympique mwaka [[2012]]. Baadaye alihamia ASM Clermont Auvergne mwaka [[2016]], na kisha akaenda Union Bordeaux Bègles mwaka [[2019]]. Baada ya kustaafu raga ya kulipwa mwaka 2023, Lamerat alihamia katika sekta ya mvinyo, ambayo ilikuwa ni [[eneo]] alilolipenda sana sambamba na kazi yake ya raga. Alieleza kuwa alitaka kuendelea kufurahia mapenzi yake kwa mvinyo, jambo lililoonyesha mabadiliko yake kutoka kwenye michezo kwenda kwenye [[kilimo]] cha mizabibu na utengenezaji wa mvinyo. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240224193110/https://www.bordeauxwinetrip.fr/en/remi-lamerats-rugby-wine-interview/</ref><ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RL714857</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4vfdj8r6zntzr4kfjb92pfzmef4tci3 1585323 1585149 2026-08-07T06:38:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/Bigvai Muhoti|Bigvai Muhoti]] ([[User talk:Bigvai Muhoti|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] 1584414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rémi Lamerat.png|thumb|Rémi Lamerat]] '''Rémi Lamerat''' (hutamkwa [ʁe.mi la.mə.ʁa], alizaliwa [[14 Januari]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya chama kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa mchezaji wa safu ya nyuma . Alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya Stade Toulousain, kabla ya kuhamia Castres Olympique mwaka [[2012]]. Baadaye alihamia ASM Clermont Auvergne mwaka [[2016]], na kisha akaenda Union Bordeaux Bègles mwaka [[2019]]. Baada ya kustaafu raga ya kulipwa mwaka 2023, Lamerat alihamia katika sekta ya mvinyo, ambayo ilikuwa ni [[eneo]] alilolipenda sana sambamba na kazi yake ya raga. Alieleza kuwa alitaka kuendelea kufurahia mapenzi yake kwa mvinyo, jambo lililoonyesha mabadiliko yake kutoka kwenye michezo kwenda kwenye [[kilimo]] cha mizabibu na utengenezaji wa mvinyo. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240224193110/https://www.bordeauxwinetrip.fr/en/remi-lamerats-rugby-wine-interview/</ref><ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RL714857</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nvnioe2cecptmic99k9xf73zvnzv5hr 0 243652 1585095 1584650 2026-08-06T15:18:50Z Nicolaj Bernardinell 91439 /* Maisha ya awali */ Kuongeza wasifu na albamu 1585095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Redfoo | Img = LMFAO, 2011.jpg | Img_capt = Redfoo mnamo 2011 | Img_size = 200px | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Stefan Kendal Gordy | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1975|9|3}}<br />[[Los Angeles]], [[Marekani]] | Ala = [[Sauti]], [[Kipiga kinanda|keytar]], [[Ngoma (muziki)|ngoma]], [[Piano]], [[Gitaa]], [[Kifyatua sauti|sintetizata]] | Aina = [[Hip hop]], [[Rap]], [[EDM]], [[House music|House]], [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Dance]] | Kazi yake = Rapper, mwimbaji, dansa, disc jockey, mtayarishaji wa rekodi, mchezaji wa tenisi | Miaka ya kazi = 1993–leo | Studio = Party Rock, Will.i.am Music, [[Cherrytree Records|Cherrytree]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[LMFAO]], RFDK | Tovuti = }} '''Stefan Kendal Gordy''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Redfoo'''; alizaliwa [[3 Septemba]] [[1975]]) ni rapa, mwimbaji, dansa, DJ na mtayarishaji wa rekodi kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2006, alitengeneza kundi la muziki wa electropop linalojulikana kama [[LMFAO]] pamoja na mpwa wake [[SkyBlu]]. Pamoja walitoa albamu mbili kabla ya kundi kusambaratika mnamo 2012. Yeye ni mtoto mdogo wa mwanzilishi wa [[Motown Records]], [[Berry Gordy]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Stefan Kendal Gordy alizaliwa tarehe 3 Septemba 1975 huko Los Angeles, California. Ni mtoto wa Berry Gordy, mwanzilishi wa lebo ya Motown Records, na mtayarishaji Nancy Leiviska. Kabla ya kujikita kikamilifu kwenye muziki, lengo lake kuu lilikuwa mchezo wa tenisi, na mnamo mwaka wa 2025 alikua mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa tenisi. ==Kazi ya muziki== Kazi yake ya muziki ilianza miaka ya 1990 alipotoa na kutayarisha nyimbo za wasanii kama Ahmad. Mnamo mwaka wa 2006, alitengeneza kundi la electropop **LMFAO** pamoja na mpwa wake SkyBlu. Kundi hilo lilipata mafanikio makubwa duniani kote na nyimbo zao mashuhuri kama "Party Rock Anthem" na "Sexy and I Know It". Baada ya LMFAO kusimama mnamo 2012, Redfoo alianza kazi yake kama msanii wa pekee, akitoa nyimbo maarufu kama "Bring Out the Bottles", "Let's Get Ridiculous" na "New Thang". Pia amekuwa jaji kwenye kipindi cha *The X Factor Australia*. ==Albamu za studio== * ''Balance Beam'' (1997) * ''Party Rock'' (2009 - na LMFAO) * ''Sorry for Party Rocking'' (2011 - na LMFAO) * ''Party Rock Mansion'' (2016) ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:marapa wa Marekani]] cvhxhbratqcbw0er5s5w7znwk127zw1 1585121 1585095 2026-08-06T18:57:46Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Redfoo | Img = LMFAO, 2011.jpg | Img_capt = Redfoo mnamo 2011 | Img_size = 200px | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Stefan Kendal Gordy | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1975|9|3}}<br />[[Los Angeles]], [[Marekani]] | Ala = [[Sauti]], [[Kipiga kinanda|keytar]], [[Ngoma (muziki)|ngoma]], [[Piano]], [[Gitaa]], [[Kifyatua sauti|sintetizata]] | Aina = [[Hip hop]], [[Rap]], [[EDM]], [[House music|House]], [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Dance]] | Kazi yake = Rapper, mwimbaji, dansa, disc jockey, mtayarishaji wa rekodi, mchezaji wa tenisi | Miaka ya kazi = 1993–leo | Studio = Party Rock, Will.i.am Music, [[Cherrytree Records|Cherrytree]], [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[LMFAO]], RFDK | Tovuti = }} '''Stefan Kendal Gordy''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Redfoo'''; alizaliwa [[3 Septemba]] [[1975]]) ni rapa, mwimbaji, dansa, DJ na mtayarishaji wa rekodi kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2006, alitengeneza kundi la muziki wa electropop linalojulikana kama [[LMFAO]] pamoja na mpwa wake [[SkyBlu]]. Pamoja walitoa albamu mbili kabla ya kundi kusambaratika mnamo 2012. Yeye ni mtoto mdogo wa mwanzilishi wa [[Motown Records]], [[Berry Gordy]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Stefan Kendal Gordy alizaliwa tarehe 3 Septemba 1975 huko Los Angeles, California. Ni mtoto wa Berry Gordy, mwanzilishi wa lebo ya Motown Records, na mtayarishaji Nancy Leiviska. Kabla ya kujikita kikamilifu kwenye muziki, lengo lake kuu lilikuwa mchezo wa tenisi, na mnamo mwaka wa 2025 alikua mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa tenisi. ==Kazi ya muziki== Kazi yake ya muziki ilianza miaka ya 1990 alipotoa na kutayarisha nyimbo za wasanii kama Ahmad. Mnamo mwaka wa 2006, alitengeneza kundi la electropop **LMFAO** pamoja na mpwa wake SkyBlu. Kundi hilo lilipata mafanikio makubwa duniani kote na nyimbo zao mashuhuri kama "Party Rock Anthem" na "Sexy and I Know It". Baada ya [[LMFAO]] kusimama mnamo 2012, Redfoo alianza kazi yake kama msanii wa pekee, akitoa nyimbo maarufu kama "Bring Out the Bottles", "Let's Get Ridiculous" na "New Thang". Pia amekuwa jaji kwenye kipindi cha *[[The X Factor Australia]]*. ==Albamu za studio== * ''Balance Beam'' (1997) * ''Party Rock'' (2009 - na LMFAO) * ''Sorry for Party Rocking'' (2011 - na LMFAO) * ''Party Rock Mansion'' (2016) ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:marapa wa Marekani]] chj5eiqpwwb2te8scdxy6eysog8lzqw 0 243693 1585032 1584559 2026-08-06T12:40:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willarda V. Edwards''' ni [[daktari]] na mhadhiri kutoka [[Marekani]]. Edwards alianza kuvutiwa na taaluma ya udaktari akiwa mtoto. Alipokuwa kijana, alipoteza dada yake mwenye umri wa miezi 15 kutokana na ugonjwa wa seli mundu, jambo lililomfanya azidi kujikita katika masuala ya [[afya]]. Akiwa mwanafunzi wa shule ya sekondari ya Bel Air huko El Paso, Texas, alihudumu kama katibu wa darasa katika mwaka wake wa mwisho wa shule. Mwaka 1972, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya biolojia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko El Paso. Mwaka 1977, alipata shahada ya udaktari kutoka Shule ya Tiba ya [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Maryland.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=UTEP Magazine: The University of Texas at El Paso|url=https://issuu.com/uteplib/docs/utep2009fall/17|work=Issuu|date=2013-12-11|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani katika [[Hospitali]] ya Wanamaji ya Bethesda. Mwaka 1984, Edwards alianza kufanya kazi kama daktari binafsi. Mwaka 1995, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuwa rais wa Jumuiya ya Madaktari ya Baltimore. Edwards alifanya kazi kama mkurugenzi wa kitaifa wa masuala ya afya wa NAACP hadi mwaka 2004. Katika nafasi hiyo, alishiriki katika mpango wa "Wito wa Kuchukua Hatua Kuhusu Afya", uliolenga kupunguza tofauti za huduma za afya zinazowakumba jamii za wachache nchini Marekani. Mwaka 2004, aliongoza Chama cha Ugonjwa wa [[Seli]] Mudu Marekani kama rais. Mwaka 2009, alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Madaktari (NMA). Kwa sasa, Edwards ni mjumbe wa [[bodi]] ya Chama cha Madaktari cha Marekani (AMA), ambako amezungumzia ubaguzi wa rangi kama tatizo linaloweza kuathiri afya ya umma.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Racism is a Public Health Threat, So What Should EHS Professionals Do?|url=https://www.ehstoday.com/health/article/21161701/racism-is-a-public-health-threat-so-what-should-ehs-professionals-do|work=EHS Today|date=2021-04-20|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en|author=Adrienne Selko}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 5weevrsafypbpxy7x5mfhn714m98sfu 0 243694 1585369 1584572 2026-08-07T09:29:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valorie D. Thomas''' ni mtaalamu wa masomo ya Kiafrika (Africana studies), mshauri na [[mwandishi]] wa filamu kutoka Marekani. Aliwahi kuwa Profesa wa Phebe Estelle Spalding wa Fasihi ya Kiingereza na Masomo ya Kiafrika katika Chuo cha Pomona kilichopo [[Claremont, California]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Thomas alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley, ambako alipata [[shahada]] ya kwanza, shahada ya uzamili na shahada ya udaktari. Pia ana shahada ya [[uzamili]] katika uandishi wa filamu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, Los Angeles.<ref>{{Citation|title=Valorie D. Thomas {{!}} Pomona College in Claremont, California - Pomona College|date=2015-06-01|url=https://www.pomona.edu/directory/people/valorie-d-thomas|work=Pomona College in Claremont, California - Pomona College|language=en|access-date=2026-08-06|archive-date=2023-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923220522/https://www.pomona.edu/directory/people/valorie-d-thomas|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kupitia kazi yake ya kitaaluma na ubunifu, Thomas amechangia katika utafiti wa [[historia]], utamaduni na uzoefu wa Waafrika na watu wenye asili ya [[Afrika]] katika jamii mbalimbali. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] pjydb39idgwupclcq882acni5es9g0r 0 243697 1585118 1584644 2026-08-06T18:47:50Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sally Mae Pettway Mixon''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1965) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayehusishwa na kikundi cha washonaji wa viraka cha Gee's Bend. Anashiriki katika [[urithi]] huu wa sanaa pamoja na mama yake Candis Pettway na dada zake Qunnie Pettway na Edwina Pettway.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sally Mae Pettway Mixon {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/sally-mae-pettway|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2026-08-06}}</ref> Kazi yake ya sanaa iitwayo Blocks and Strips (2003) ipo katika mkusanyiko wa kudumu wa Matunzio ya Taifa ya [[Sanaa]] (National Gallery of Art). Kazi hiyo ilionyeshwa katika maonyesho yaliyoitwa Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South, yaliyofanyika kuanzia tarehe 18 Septemba 2022 hadi 26 Machi 2023, chini ya usimamizi wa Harry Cooper. Pia kazi zake zilionyeshwa katika maonyesho ya Assembly: New Acquisitions by Contemporary Black Artists yaliyofanyika katika [[Makumbusho]] ya Sanaa ya Blanton kuanzia tarehe 11 Desemba 2021 hadi 4 Septemba 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Called to Create: Black Artists of the American South {{!}} National Gallery of Art|url=https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/called-create-black-artists-american-south|work=www.nga.gov|date=2022-09-18|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Kupitia ushonaji wa viraka, Sally Mae Pettway Mixon ameendeleza [[utamaduni]] wa kisanii wa Gee's Bend, unaojulikana kwa [[ubunifu]] wa michoro, rangi na matumizi ya vifaa vya kitamaduni katika kutengeneza mashuka ya viraka. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] lzyeyn42hs7elqzg7318i407d53q473 0 243708 1585034 1584624 2026-08-06T12:41:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wu Yiling''' (Alizaliwa [[1949]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye utajiri wake unatokana na hisa zake katika ''Yiling Pharmaceutical'', iliyoanzishwa na baba yake mwaka [[1992]]. Alihitimu kutoka ''Hebei Medical University'' na ''Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine'', na anaishi [[Shijiazhuang]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Wu Yiling |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/wu-yiling/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.alux.com/richest-doctors/13/ Alux</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jowc649don9hwrbdrug2hmfus1qiry7 0 243722 1585419 1584683 2026-08-07T11:09:26Z EmausBot 5566 Bot: Fixing double redirect from [[Allison Williams (wanasoka)]] to [[Allison Williams (mwanasoka)]] 1585419 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Allison Williams (mwanasoka)]] 82rpdg8ih5x8s06juci1hbp5px4e4br 0 243754 1584945 1584755 2026-08-06T12:07:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1584945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Geli MHR.JPG|thumb|Charles Géli]] '''Charles Géli''' (alizaliwa [[26 Machi]] [[1987]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ni hooker (Mchezaji wa kati wa safu ya mbele), na kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya Montpellier. Alishinda ubingwa wa Top 14 wa msimu wa [[2008]] – [[2009]] akiwa na klabu ya USA Perpignan. <ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Rugby/RugbyFicheJoueur4703.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dmdlqyl04vsk4xejj77xmm5cyfqohd0 0 243755 1584952 1584765 2026-08-06T12:08:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1584952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Castres Olympique - Présentation de l'équipe 2015-2016 - Julien Dumora 3.jpg|thumb|Julien Dumora ]] '''Julien Dumora''' (alizaliwa [[23 Machi]] [[1988]] huko Arudy, Ufaransa) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Kwa sasa anacheza katika nafasi ya fullback (beki wa nyuma) kwa klabu ya Castres, inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14. Katika [[fainali]] ya msimu wa Top 14 wa [[2017]] – [[2018]], alifunga try moja, huku Castres ikiifunga [[Montpellier]] na kutwaa ubingwa. <ref>https://www.planetrugby.com/castres-stun-montpellier-to-claim-third-top-14-title</ref> == Mafanikio == Klabu Castres (Ufaransa) Mshindi wa Top 14: 2017 – 2018 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oniu90o346oh5qwfovulusqjvn5wrgq 0 243758 1584992 1584796 2026-08-06T12:17:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia]] hadi [[Abdullah wa Saudia]]: jina la Kiswahili 1584796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud''' (alizaliwa [[1 Agosti]] [[1924]] – alifariki [[23 Januari]] [[2015]]) alikuwa Mfalme na Waziri Mkuu wa [[Saudia]] kuanzia tarehe [[1 Agosti]] [[2005]] hadi kifo chake mwaka [[2015]]. Kabla ya kutawala, alikuwa Mwana Mfalme wa Saudia kuanzia tarehe [[13 Juni]] [[1982]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa kumi wa Mfalme Abdulaziz, mwanzilishi wa Saudia.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2007 |title=Who's who: Senior Saudis |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7068977.stm |access-date=27 April 2012 |work=BBC}}</ref> Abdullah alikuwa mtoto wa Mfalme Abdulaziz na Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim. Mama yake alikuwa mwanachama wa nasaba ya Al Rashid, ambayo ilikuwa mpinzani wa kihistoria wa nasaba ya Al Saud.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101020173353178622.html US confirms $60bn Saudi arms deal] ''[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]'' 20 October 2010.{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209101932/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101020173353178622.html|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> Abdullah alishikilia nyadhifa muhimu za kisiasa katika maisha yake yote ya utu uzima. Mwaka [[1961]] alikua meya wa [[Makka]], wadhifa wake wa kwanza wa umma. Mwaka uliofuata, aliteuliwa kuwa kamanda wa Walinzi wa Kitaifa wa Saudia, wadhifa ambao alishikilia hadi alipokuwa mfalme. Pia aliwahi kuwa naibu waziri wa ulinzi na aliteuliwa kuwa mwana mfalme wakati kaka yake Fahd alipochukua kiti cha ufalme mwaka [[1982]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafalme wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] slgj9915jtprwigwplsfi1vuagrv737 1584996 1584992 2026-08-06T12:18:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1584996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud''' ([[1 Agosti]] [[1924]] – [[23 Januari]] [[2015]]) alikuwa Mfalme na Waziri Mkuu wa [[Saudia]] kuanzia tarehe [[1 Agosti]] [[2005]] hadi kifo chake mwaka [[2015]]. Kabla ya kutawala, alikuwa Mwana Mfalme wa Saudia kuanzia tarehe [[13 Juni]] [[1982]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa kumi wa Mfalme [[Abdulaziz I]], mwanzilishi wa Saudia.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2007 |title=Who's who: Senior Saudis |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7068977.stm |access-date=27 April 2012 |work=BBC}}</ref> Abdullah alikuwa mtoto wa Mfalme Abdulaziz na Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim. Mama yake alikuwa mwanachama wa nasaba ya Al Rashid, ambayo ilikuwa mpinzani wa kihistoria wa nasaba ya Al Saud.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101020173353178622.html US confirms $60bn Saudi arms deal] ''[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]'' 20 October 2010.{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209101932/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101020173353178622.html|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> Abdullah alishikilia nyadhifa muhimu za kisiasa katika maisha yake yote ya utu uzima. Mwaka [[1961]] alikua meya wa [[Makka]], wadhifa wake wa kwanza wa umma. Mwaka uliofuata, aliteuliwa kuwa kamanda wa Walinzi wa Kitaifa wa Saudia, wadhifa ambao alishikilia hadi alipokuwa mfalme. Pia aliwahi kuwa naibu waziri wa ulinzi na aliteuliwa kuwa mwana mfalme wakati kaka yake Fahd alipochukua kiti cha ufalme mwaka [[1982]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wafalme wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] rmcjt5y9pj5rpyaj36qth450xcbi5hh 1584997 1584996 2026-08-06T12:20:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1584997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud''' ([[1 Agosti]] [[1924]] – [[23 Januari]] [[2015]]) alikuwa Mfalme na Waziri Mkuu wa [[Saudia]] kuanzia tarehe [[1 Agosti]] [[2005]] hadi kifo chake mwaka [[2015]]. Kabla ya kutawala, alikuwa Mwana Mfalme wa Saudia kuanzia tarehe [[13 Juni]] [[1982]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa kumi wa Mfalme [[Abdulaziz wa Saudia|Abdulaziz]], mwanzilishi wa Saudia.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2007 |title=Who's who: Senior Saudis |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7068977.stm |access-date=27 April 2012 |work=BBC}}</ref> Abdullah alikuwa mtoto wa Mfalme Abdulaziz na Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim. Mama yake alikuwa mwanachama wa nasaba ya Al Rashid, ambayo ilikuwa mpinzani wa kihistoria wa nasaba ya Al Saud.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101020173353178622.html US confirms $60bn Saudi arms deal] ''[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]'' 20 October 2010.{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209101932/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/10/20101020173353178622.html|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> Abdullah alishikilia nyadhifa muhimu za kisiasa katika maisha yake yote ya utu uzima. Mwaka [[1961]] alikua meya wa [[Makka]], wadhifa wake wa kwanza wa umma. Mwaka uliofuata, aliteuliwa kuwa kamanda wa Walinzi wa Kitaifa wa Saudia, wadhifa ambao alishikilia hadi alipokuwa mfalme. Pia aliwahi kuwa naibu waziri wa ulinzi na aliteuliwa kuwa mwana mfalme wakati kaka yake Fahd alipochukua kiti cha ufalme mwaka [[1982]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wafalme wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] 8mwl8bkxxx4hzaoyt249k72vek6o49o 0 243762 1584998 1584809 2026-08-06T12:23:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1584998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adnan Khashoggi''' ([[25 Julai]] [[1935]] – [[6 Juni]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na muuza silaha wa [[Saudia]], anayejulikana kwa biashara zake, ushawishi mkubwa wa kisiasa, na maisha yake ya anasa ambayo yalimpa jina la utani "The Great Gatsby wa Mashariki ya Kati."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/22/arts/lavish-lifestyle-of-a-wheeler-dealer.html|title=Lavish Lifestyle Of a Wheeler-Dealer |last=Salmans|first=Sandra|newspaper=The New York Times |date=22 February 1985 |access-date=5 June 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.marieclaire.com.au/latest-news/roxy-founder-saudi-billionaire-s-pleasure-wife-1/ |title=Roxy founder Jill Dodd reveals shock history in billionaire's harem |date=29 May 2017 |website=marie claire}}</ref> Alizaliwa [[Makka]], Saudia, akiwa mtoto wa [[Muhammad Khashoggi]], daktari binafsi wa Mfalme Abdul Aziz Al Saud, na Samiha Ahmed. Khashoggi alisoma katika Chuo cha Victoria huko [[Aleksandria]], [[Misri]], na baadaye katika Chuo Kikuu cha Chico State, Ohio State, na Stanford nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news |author=David Leigh and Rob Evans|title=Biography: Adnan Khashoggi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/08/bae52 |website=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |access-date=29 January 2012 |location=London |date=7 June 2007}}</ref> Katikati ya miaka ya 1980, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa karibu dola bilioni 4, uliokusanywa kupitia jukumu lake muhimu kama mpatanishi kati ya makampuni ya ulinzi ya Magharibi na serikali ya Saudia. Alianzisha Triad International Holding Company, ambayo ilikuwa na uwekezaji mbalimbali duniani kote, ikiwa ni pamoja na hoteli za kifahari, viwanda vya kusafisha mafuta, na mali zisizohamishika.<ref name="Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bry0sOwstIMC |title=Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam |last=Sidhu |first=Jatswan S. |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780810870789 |edition=2, illustrated |page=123}}</ref> Khashoggi alijulikana kwa kuandaa karamu za kifahari zilizohudhuriwa na watu mashuhuri na wanasiasa, na maisha yake ya anasa yalimfanya kuwa maarufu kwenye vyombo vya habari. Alimiliki yachti yake maarufu iitwayo "Nabila," ambayo ilikuwa yachti kubwa zaidi duniani wakati huo na ilitumiwa katika filamu ya [[James Bond]] ''"Never Say Never Again"''. Alifariki tarehe 6 Juni 2017 katika Hospitali ya St Thomas huko London, Uingereza, akiwa na umri wa miaka 81, baada ya kuugua ugonjwa wa Parkinson.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=12 June 2017 |title=Great Gatsby of the Middle East dies |url=https://www.euroweeklynews.com/2017/06/12/great-gatsby-of-the-middle-east-dies/ |access-date=18 December 2021 |newspaper=Euro Weekly News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] rajmqv2j3jwt91bxewz1f35s2nu4edy 0 243764 1585001 1584898 2026-08-06T12:24:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saleh Abdullah Kamel''' ([[1941]] – [[18 Mei]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]]. Alikuwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 2.3 kufikia Machi [[2017]]<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Saleh Kamel|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/saleh-kamel/|work=Forbes|accessdate=8 October 2018}}</ref>. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na mwanzilishi wa Dallah Al Baraka Group (DBHC), moja ya makampuni makubwa zaidi ya Mashariki ya Kati. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Baraza Kuu la Benki za Kiislamu na Jeddah Chamber of Commerce.<ref name="jef.org.sa">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.jef.org.sa/?q=node/725|title=Shiekh Saleh Kamel|work=Jeddah Economic Forum|access-date=3 May 2016}}</ref> Kamel alianzisha Dallah Albaraka Group mwaka [[1969]] huko [[Jeddah]], Saudia. Kampuni hiyo inajihusisha na huduma za kibinadamu, huduma za kiafya, huduma za chakula, bidhaa, na huduma za kifedha.Alikamatwa na mamlaka ya Saudia tarehe 4 Novemba 2017, pamoja na wafanyabiashara wengine kama [[Al-Waleed bin Talal]], katika kampeni ya kupambana na ufisadi.<ref>[https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/11/05/alwaleed-bin-talal-two-other-billionaires-tycoons-among-saudi-arrests Alwaleed bin Talal, two other billionaires tycoons among Saudi arrests], 4 November, ''Daily Sabah''</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] 629raqvd967qvn2t5zrax6q7l4gfpuj 0 243772 1584993 2026-08-06T12:17:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia]] hadi [[Abdullah wa Saudia]]: jina la Kiswahili 1584993 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abdullah wa Saudia]] 85yrps8l5vp2ohbn1t5mmu2qutxblgq 0 243782 1585019 2026-08-06T12:35:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sultan bin Mohammed Al Kabeer''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mwanafalme na mfanyabiashara wa [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Almarai, ambayo ni kampuni kubwa zaidi duniani ya maziwa yenye mnyororo kamili wa uzalishaji. Prince Sultan ni mjukuu wa Noura bint Abdul Rahman, dada ya Mfalme Abdulaziz, mwanzilishi wa Saudia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Simon Henderson|title=Factors Affecting Saudi Succession are a Family Affair|url=http://www.thecuttingedgen...' 1585019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sultan bin Mohammed Al Kabeer''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mwanafalme na mfanyabiashara wa [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Almarai, ambayo ni kampuni kubwa zaidi duniani ya maziwa yenye mnyororo kamili wa uzalishaji. Prince Sultan ni mjukuu wa Noura bint Abdul Rahman, dada ya Mfalme Abdulaziz, mwanzilishi wa Saudia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Simon Henderson|title=Factors Affecting Saudi Succession are a Family Affair|url=http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11655&pageid=37&pagename=Page+One|work=The Cutting Edge|date=12 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=William B. Quandt|title=Saudi Arabia in the 1980s: Foreign Policy, Security, and Oil|year=1981|publisher=The Brookings Institution|location=Washington DC|page=79|isbn=0815720513|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3gf5fKvv_4C&q=foreign+affairs+of+saudi+arabia&pg=PA1}}</ref> Prince Sultan ni mwanachama wa tawi la Al Kabeer la familia ya kifalme ya Saudia. Tawi hili ni wazao wa Saud bin Faisal bin Turki, Emir wa Nejd, ambaye alikuwa mjomba wa Mfalme Abdulaziz. Kwa hivyo, familia ya Al Kabeer ni tawi dogo la familia ya kifalme na hawarithi kiti cha ufalme. Saud bin Faisal ni babu mkubwa wa Prince Sultan. Prince Sultan alizaliwa mwaka 1954]] huko [[Riyadh]]. Baba yake ni Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabeer ambaye alikuwa mtoto wa Saud Al Kabeer na Noura bint Abdul Rahman Al Saud, dada ya Mfalme Abdulaziz.Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha King Saud akiwa na shahada ya kwanza ya biashara na sayansi ya siasa.<ref name="bloo">{{cite news|title=Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabeer Al Saud|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/15752463|access-date=29 June 2020|work=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Kabeer, Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud, al|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191843266.001.0001/acref-9780191843266-e-78?rskey=AUNepZ&result=1|work=A Dictionary of Business and Management in the Middle East and North Africa|access-date=29 June 2020|author=Mark Neal| date=23 May 2019 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-184326-6 }}</ref> Mwaka [[2017]], Prince Sultan aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya tatu katika orodha ya mabilionea ya [[Forbes]] Mashariki ya kati, na utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 3.8.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hidden billionaire milking Saudi dairy fortune in desert|url=https://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/21516-hidden-billionaire-milking-saudi-dairy-fortune-in-desert|access-date=29 June 2020|work=farmlandgrab.com|date=15 January 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]][[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ilorqw2phrs1fdy0fep4cttppt7pe1i 1585042 1585019 2026-08-06T12:51:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sultan bin Mohammed Al Kabeer''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mwanafalme na mfanyabiashara wa [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Almarai, ambayo ni kampuni kubwa zaidi duniani ya maziwa yenye mnyororo kamili wa uzalishaji. Sultan ni mjukuu wa Noura bint Abdul Rahman, dada ya Mfalme Abdulaziz, mwanzilishi wa Saudia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Simon Henderson|title=Factors Affecting Saudi Succession are a Family Affair|url=http://www.thecuttingedgenews.com/index.php?article=11655&pageid=37&pagename=Page+One|work=The Cutting Edge|date=12 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=William B. Quandt|title=Saudi Arabia in the 1980s: Foreign Policy, Security, and Oil|year=1981|publisher=The Brookings Institution|location=Washington DC|page=79|isbn=0815720513|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3gf5fKvv_4C&q=foreign+affairs+of+saudi+arabia&pg=PA1}}</ref> Prince Sultan ni mwanachama wa tawi la Al Kabeer la familia ya kifalme ya Saudia. Tawi hili ni wazao wa Saud bin Faisal bin Turki, Emir wa Nejd, ambaye alikuwa mjomba wa Mfalme Abdulaziz. Kwa hivyo, familia ya Al Kabeer ni tawi dogo la familia ya kifalme na hawarithi kiti cha ufalme. Saud bin Faisal ni babu mkubwa wa Prince Sultan. Prince Sultan alizaliwa mwaka 1954]] huko [[Riyadh]]. Baba yake ni Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabeer ambaye alikuwa mtoto wa Saud Al Kabeer na Noura bint Abdul Rahman Al Saud, dada ya Mfalme Abdulaziz.Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha King Saud akiwa na shahada ya kwanza ya biashara na sayansi ya siasa.<ref name="bloo">{{cite news|title=Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud Al Kabeer Al Saud|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/15752463|access-date=29 June 2020|work=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Kabeer, Sultan bin Mohammed bin Saud, al|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191843266.001.0001/acref-9780191843266-e-78?rskey=AUNepZ&result=1|work=A Dictionary of Business and Management in the Middle East and North Africa|access-date=29 June 2020|author=Mark Neal| date=23 May 2019 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-184326-6 }}</ref> Mwaka [[2017]], Prince Sultan aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya tatu katika orodha ya mabilionea ya [[Forbes]] Mashariki ya kati, na utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 3.8.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hidden billionaire milking Saudi dairy fortune in desert|url=https://www.farmlandgrab.org/post/view/21516-hidden-billionaire-milking-saudi-dairy-fortune-in-desert|access-date=29 June 2020|work=farmlandgrab.com|date=15 January 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 850x8me2bir6cf9fva4k5tnwqvthoyv 0 243785 1585041 2026-08-06T12:50:44Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abdullah Saleh Ali Al-Othaim''' (Alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] na mmoja wa wawekezaji wakubwa nchini [[Saudia]]. Jarida la [[Forbes]] lilimweka katika nafasi ya 61 kati ya matajiri wa Uarabuni mwaka [[2015]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani milioni 445.47, na nafasi ya 18 kati ya matajiri wa Saudia. Jarida la Islamica lilimweka katika orodha ya Waislamu 500 wenye nguvu zaidi duniani. Dola yake ya rejareja ya Othaim inakadi...' 1585041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah Saleh Ali Al-Othaim''' (Alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] na mmoja wa wawekezaji wakubwa nchini [[Saudia]]. Jarida la [[Forbes]] lilimweka katika nafasi ya 61 kati ya matajiri wa Uarabuni mwaka [[2015]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani milioni 445.47, na nafasi ya 18 kati ya matajiri wa Saudia. Jarida la Islamica lilimweka katika orodha ya Waislamu 500 wenye nguvu zaidi duniani. Dola yake ya rejareja ya Othaim inakadiriwa kuwa ya mabilioni ya dola.<ref>{{Cite web |last=East |first=Forbes Middle |title=The world richest Arabs 2015 |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/list/the-world-richest-arabs-2015/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Forbes ME |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-06 |title=Revealed: Top 100 richest Arabs in the world |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/revealed-top-100-richest-arabs-in-the-world-1.1487309 |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}</ref> Al-Othaim ni Mwenyekiti wa Abdullah Al Othaim Markets Company<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Al Othaim Holding |url=https://othaim.com.sa/company/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=othaim.com.sa}}</ref> , kampuni ya rejareja inayoendesha zaidi ya maduka 409 nchini Saudia na 58 nchini [[Misri]], yenye sehemu ya soko ya karibu asilimia 20 katika sekta ya rejareja ya kisasa nchini Saudia. Pia ni Mwenyekiti wa Abdullah Al-Othaim Real Estate Investment & Development Co. na anahudumu kwenye bodi za makampuni mengi ikiwemo Al Othaim Holding Co., benki ya Saudi Credit, na The Arab Union for Real Estate Development.Mnamo [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa karibu dola za Marekani milioni 539.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2010 |title=Abdullah Al-Othaim Markets |url=https://www.meed.com/abdullah-al-othaim-markets/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2026 |website=MEED}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manhom |title=Abdullah Al-Othaim Markets |url=https://manhom.com/en/companies/abdullah-alothaim-markets-company/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Manhom {{!}} Personalities and Institutions Portal |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6fbuu4d4if3d5e462d1c6j03g8zgemx 1585043 1585041 2026-08-06T12:52:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdullah Saleh Ali Al-Othaim''' (alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mmoja wa wawekezaji wakubwa nchini [[Saudia]]. Jarida la [[Forbes]] lilimweka katika nafasi ya 61 kati ya matajiri wa Uarabuni mwaka [[2015]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani milioni 445.47, na nafasi ya 18 kati ya matajiri wa Saudia. Jarida la Islamica lilimweka katika orodha ya Waislamu 500 wenye nguvu zaidi duniani. Dola yake ya rejareja ya Othaim inakadiriwa kuwa ya mabilioni ya dola.<ref>{{Cite web |last=East |first=Forbes Middle |title=The world richest Arabs 2015 |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/list/the-world-richest-arabs-2015/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Forbes ME |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-06 |title=Revealed: Top 100 richest Arabs in the world |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/revealed-top-100-richest-arabs-in-the-world-1.1487309 |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}</ref> Al-Othaim ni Mwenyekiti wa Abdullah Al Othaim Markets Company<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Al Othaim Holding |url=https://othaim.com.sa/company/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=othaim.com.sa}}</ref> , kampuni ya rejareja inayoendesha zaidi ya maduka 409 nchini Saudia na 58 nchini [[Misri]], yenye sehemu ya soko ya karibu asilimia 20 katika sekta ya rejareja ya kisasa nchini Saudia. Pia ni Mwenyekiti wa Abdullah Al-Othaim Real Estate Investment & Development Co. na anahudumu kwenye bodi za makampuni mengi ikiwemo Al Othaim Holding Co., benki ya Saudi Credit, na The Arab Union for Real Estate Development.Mnamo [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa karibu dola za Marekani milioni 539.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2010 |title=Abdullah Al-Othaim Markets |url=https://www.meed.com/abdullah-al-othaim-markets/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2026 |website=MEED}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manhom |title=Abdullah Al-Othaim Markets |url=https://manhom.com/en/companies/abdullah-alothaim-markets-company/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Manhom {{!}} Personalities and Institutions Portal |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j5nja2hyba8qhi8llpgg0blr89lfgvj 0 243813 1585082 2026-08-06T13:27:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Suliman Saleh Al Olayan''' (Alizaliwa [[5 Novemba]] [[1918]] – alifariki [[4 Julai]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] na mmoja wa matajiri wa Saudia. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Olayan Group na Suliman Saleh Olayan Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive bios of prominent people and decision makers in Arabia |url=https://dhow.com/executive-bios/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Dhow Net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news...' 1585082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suliman Saleh Al Olayan''' (Alizaliwa [[5 Novemba]] [[1918]] – alifariki [[4 Julai]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] na mmoja wa matajiri wa Saudia. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Olayan Group na Suliman Saleh Olayan Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive bios of prominent people and decision makers in Arabia |url=https://dhow.com/executive-bios/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Dhow Net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Ari L. Goldman |author-link1=Ari L. Goldman |title=Suliman S. Olayan, 83, Dies; One of the World's Wealthiest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/06/business/suliman-s-olayan-83-dies-one-of-the-world-s-wealthiest.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 August 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 July 2002 |page=A 14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olayan, Khaled Suliman Saleh Al-, b 1945 (businessman) {{!}} ArchiveSearch |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/agents/people/12559 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Olayan alizaliwa tarehe 5 Novemba 1918 huko 'Unayzah, Saudia. Alipoteza mama yake miezi michache baada ya kuzaliwa, na baba yake alifariki akiwa bado mtoto. Alihamia [[Bahrain]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, ambapo alisoma katika shule ya Kimarekani na kujifunza [[Kiingereza]]. ==Kazi== Alianza kazi mwaka [[1937]] katika kampuni iliyotangulia Saudi Aramco, ambako alipanda ngazi hadi kuwa mkalimani wa serikali. Mwaka [[1947]], alianza biashara yake mwenyewe kwa kuanzisha General Contracting Company (GCC) kwa mkopo wa dola 8,000.Mwaka [[1954]], alianzisha General Trading Company (GTC) na Arab Commercial Enterprises (ACE), ambayo ikawa kampuni kubwa ya bima nchini Saudia. Alianzisha pia kampuni ya kwanza ya umma nchini Saudia, National Gas Company.<ref name="Ali">{{cite book|author=Ali Al Naimi|title=Out of the Desert|date=2016|publisher=Portfolio Penguin|location=Great Britain|isbn=9780241279250 |pages=96–97}}</ref> Alianzisha ushirikiano na makampuni makubwa ya kimataifa ikiwemo Kimberly Clark, General Foods, Pillsbury, na Coca-Cola. Pia alianzisha uwekezaji wa kimataifa katika soko la hisa la Marekani. Mwaka [[1983]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2, na mwaka 2002, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 7.6. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] 2hi74t35sm6b6xu85hwi22dzdhgycty 1585091 1585082 2026-08-06T14:55:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suliman Saleh Al Olayan''' ([[5 Novemba]] [[1918]] – [[4 Julai]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mmoja wa matajiri wakubwa wa [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Olayan Group na Suliman Saleh Olayan Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive bios of prominent people and decision makers in Arabia |url=https://dhow.com/executive-bios/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Dhow Net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Ari L. Goldman |author-link1=Ari L. Goldman |title=Suliman S. Olayan, 83, Dies; One of the World's Wealthiest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/06/business/suliman-s-olayan-83-dies-one-of-the-world-s-wealthiest.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 August 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 July 2002 |page=A 14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olayan, Khaled Suliman Saleh Al-, b 1945 (businessman) {{!}} ArchiveSearch |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/agents/people/12559 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Olayan alizaliwa tarehe 5 Novemba 1918 huko 'Unayzah, Saudia. Alipoteza mama yake miezi michache baada ya kuzaliwa, na baba yake alifariki akiwa bado mtoto. Alihamia [[Bahrain]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, ambapo alisoma katika shule ya Kimarekani na kujifunza [[Kiingereza]]. ==Kazi== Alianza kazi mwaka [[1937]] katika kampuni iliyotangulia Saudi Aramco, ambako alipanda ngazi hadi kuwa mkalimani wa serikali. Mwaka [[1947]], alianza biashara yake mwenyewe kwa kuanzisha General Contracting Company (GCC) kwa mkopo wa dola 8,000.Mwaka [[1954]], alianzisha General Trading Company (GTC) na Arab Commercial Enterprises (ACE), ambayo ikawa kampuni kubwa ya bima nchini Saudia. Alianzisha pia kampuni ya kwanza ya umma nchini Saudia, National Gas Company.<ref name="Ali">{{cite book|author=Ali Al Naimi|title=Out of the Desert|date=2016|publisher=Portfolio Penguin|location=Great Britain|isbn=9780241279250 |pages=96–97}}</ref> Alianzisha ushirikiano na makampuni makubwa ya kimataifa ikiwemo Kimberly Clark, General Foods, Pillsbury, na Coca-Cola. Pia alianzisha uwekezaji wa kimataifa katika soko la hisa la Marekani. Mwaka [[1983]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2, na mwaka 2002, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 7.6. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] m1imy3iqshhxrf0qr3br1npf9ytc4qz 1585416 1585091 2026-08-07T11:00:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suliman Saleh Al Olayan''' ([[5 Novemba]] [[1918]] – [[4 Julai]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mmoja wa matajiri wakubwa wa [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Olayan Group na Suliman Saleh Olayan Foundation.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Executive bios of prominent people and decision makers in Arabia |url=https://dhow.com/executive-bios/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Dhow Net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Ari L. Goldman |author-link1=Ari L. Goldman |title=Suliman S. Olayan, 83, Dies; One of the World's Wealthiest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/06/business/suliman-s-olayan-83-dies-one-of-the-world-s-wealthiest.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 August 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 July 2002 |page=A 14}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Olayan, Khaled Suliman Saleh Al-, b 1945 (businessman) {{!}} ArchiveSearch |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/agents/people/12559 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Olayan alizaliwa tarehe 5 Novemba 1918 huko 'Unayzah, Saudia. Alipoteza mama yake miezi michache baada ya kuzaliwa, na baba yake alifariki akiwa bado mtoto. Alihamia [[Bahrain]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, ambapo alisoma katika shule ya Kimarekani na kujifunza [[Kiingereza]]. ==Kazi== Alianza kazi mwaka [[1937]] katika kampuni iliyotangulia Saudi Aramco, ambako alipanda ngazi hadi kuwa mkalimani wa serikali. Mwaka [[1947]], alianza biashara yake mwenyewe kwa kuanzisha General Contracting Company (GCC) kwa mkopo wa dola 8,000.Mwaka [[1954]], alianzisha General Trading Company (GTC) na Arab Commercial Enterprises (ACE), ambayo ikawa kampuni kubwa ya bima nchini Saudia. Alianzisha pia kampuni ya kwanza ya umma nchini Saudia, National Gas Company.<ref name="Ali">{{cite book|author=Ali Al Naimi|title=Out of the Desert|date=2016|publisher=Portfolio Penguin|location=Great Britain|isbn=9780241279250 |pages=96–97}}</ref> Alianzisha ushirikiano na makampuni makubwa ya kimataifa ikiwemo Kimberly Clark, General Foods, Pillsbury, na Coca-Cola. Pia alianzisha uwekezaji wa kimataifa katika soko la hisa la Marekani. Mwaka [[1983]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2, na mwaka 2002, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 7.6. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] tb8iya3t1xdnkz7bs7nrs1aqdh0eaji 0 243814 1585090 2026-08-06T14:53:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Isaac_of_Dalmatia.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Isaka Mdalmatia.]] '''Isaka Mdalmatia''' (kwa [[Kigiriki]] Ἰσαάκιος au Ἰσάκιος, Isaakios ai Isakios; kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''Isaac of Dalmatia''; alifariki [[30 Mei]] [[383]]) alikuwa [[mkaapweke]] aliyedhulumiwa na [[serikali]] kwa kupinga [[Uario]], halafu [[mmonaki]] aliyeanzisha [[monasteri]] mjini [[Konstantinopoli]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93795</...' 1585090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Isaac_of_Dalmatia.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Isaka Mdalmatia.]] '''Isaka Mdalmatia''' (kwa [[Kigiriki]] Ἰσαάκιος au Ἰσάκιος, Isaakios ai Isakios; kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''Isaac of Dalmatia''; alifariki [[30 Mei]] [[383]]) alikuwa [[mkaapweke]] aliyedhulumiwa na [[serikali]] kwa kupinga [[Uario]], halafu [[mmonaki]] aliyeanzisha [[monasteri]] mjini [[Konstantinopoli]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93795</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mtakatifu]] na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] 30 Mei au [[3 Agosti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=101566 Venerable Isaac the Founder of the Dalmatian Monastery at Constantinople] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]] (May 30) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080928204419/http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=151 Isaac, Dalmatus and Faustus, ascetics of the Dalmatian Monastery] (August 3) {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliofariki 383]] [[Category:Wakaapweke]] [[Category:Wamonaki]] [[Jamii:watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] rwl9e3zjscm11mjg5f3lnu63my0q6uk 0 243815 1585102 2026-08-06T16:14:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lubna Suliman al-Olayan''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1955]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] na aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Olayan Financing Company. Yeye ni mtoto wa mfanyabiashara bilionea wa Saudia Suliman Olayan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manhom |title=Lubna Olayan |url=https://manhom.com/en/profiles/lubna-olayan/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Manhom {{!}} Personalities and Institutions Portal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ci...' 1585102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lubna Suliman al-Olayan''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1955]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] na aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Olayan Financing Company. Yeye ni mtoto wa mfanyabiashara bilionea wa Saudia Suliman Olayan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manhom |title=Lubna Olayan |url=https://manhom.com/en/profiles/lubna-olayan/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Manhom {{!}} Personalities and Institutions Portal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-06 |title=Lubna al-Olayan |url=https://saudipedia.com/en/article/3572/figures/economists/lubna-al-olayan |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Saudipedia |language=en}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali na Elimu== Lubna al-Olayan alizaliwa Khobar, Mkoa wa Mashariki, Saudia. Alipata Shahada ya Kwanza ya Sayansi ya Kilimo kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell nchini [[Marekani]] na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Indiana . ==Kazi== Alianza kazi katika Morgan Guaranty Trust Bank huko jijini [[New York]] kuanzia [[1979]] hadi [[1981]], kabla ya kurudi Saudia kufanya kazi na Olayan Company. Alikuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Olayan Financing Company kwa zaidi ya miaka 33 hadi alipostaafu mnamo Mei [[2019]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-06 |title=Mrs. Lubna S. Olayan {{!}} Biographies {{!}} KAUST |url=http://www.kaust.edu.sa/bios/bio-olayan.aspx?nav=admin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706060025/http://www.kaust.edu.sa/bios/bio-olayan.aspx?nav=admin |archive-date=6 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref> Mnamo 2004, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kujiunga na bodi ya kampuni ya umma ya Saudia alipochaguliwa kwenye bodi ya Alawwal Bank. Mnamo Juni 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Saudi British Bank (SABB), na kufanya kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Saudia kuongoza benki. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g3cs4ss3uxyfrnox0umwudx01nl4qn1 1585230 1585102 2026-08-07T03:48:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1585230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lubna Suliman al-Olayan''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1955]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] na aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Olayan Financing Company. Yeye ni mtoto wa mfanyabiashara bilionea wa Saudia Suliman Olayan.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Manhom |title=Lubna Olayan |url=https://manhom.com/en/profiles/lubna-olayan/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Manhom {{!}} Personalities and Institutions Portal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2025-01-06 |title=Lubna al-Olayan |url=https://saudipedia.com/en/article/3572/figures/economists/lubna-al-olayan |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Saudipedia |language=en}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali na Elimu== Lubna al-Olayan alizaliwa Khobar, Mkoa wa Mashariki, Saudia. Alipata Shahada ya Kwanza ya Sayansi ya Kilimo kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell nchini [[Marekani]] na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Indiana . ==Kazi== Alianza kazi katika Morgan Guaranty Trust Bank huko jijini [[New York]] kuanzia [[1979]] hadi [[1981]], kabla ya kurudi Saudia kufanya kazi na Olayan Company. Alikuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Olayan Financing Company kwa zaidi ya miaka 33 hadi alipostaafu mnamo Mei [[2019]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2009-07-06 |title=Mrs. Lubna S. Olayan {{!}} Biographies {{!}} KAUST |url=http://www.kaust.edu.sa/bios/bio-olayan.aspx?nav=admin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706060025/http://www.kaust.edu.sa/bios/bio-olayan.aspx?nav=admin |archive-date=6 July 2009 |access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref> Mnamo 2004, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kujiunga na bodi ya kampuni ya umma ya Saudia alipochaguliwa kwenye bodi ya Alawwal Bank. Mnamo Juni 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Saudi British Bank (SABB), na kufanya kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Saudia kuongoza benki. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] adbz02ian0p99y18500hpkzzszsocy5 0 243816 1585105 2026-08-06T16:24:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid''' (alizaliwa [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]]. Hajajumuishwa katika orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya matajiri wa dunia kwa kuwa utajiri wake hauwezi kukadiriwa kwa usahihi kutoka kwa taarifa za umma.<ref name="Communications1992">{{cite book|author=Emmis Communications|title=The Alcalde|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19|date=March 1992|publisher=Emmis Communications|pages=19–|issn=1535-99...' 1585105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid''' (alizaliwa [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]]. Hajajumuishwa katika orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya matajiri wa dunia kwa kuwa utajiri wake hauwezi kukadiriwa kwa usahihi kutoka kwa taarifa za umma.<ref name="Communications1992">{{cite book|author=Emmis Communications|title=The Alcalde|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19|date=March 1992|publisher=Emmis Communications|pages=19–|issn=1535-993X}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali na Elimu== Al-Rashid alimaliza shahada yake ya kwanza katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas mwaka [[1965]], na shahada yake ya udaktari katika uhandisi wa ujenzi kutoka chuo kikuu hicho mwaka [[1970]]. Pia amesoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha King Fahd cha Petroli na Madini. ==Kazi== Alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha King Fahd cha Petroli na Madini huko Dhahran, Saudia. Mwaka [[1973]] au [[1975]], alianzisha Rashid Engineering huko [[Riyadh]], ambayo ikawa kampuni kubwa ya ujenzi nchini Saudia, ikishiriki katika karibu miradi 100 mikubwa ya ujenzi nchini humo, ikiwa ni pamoja na ujenzi wa Hospitali ya Mtaalamu wa Macho ya King Khaled.<ref name=TelegOct15>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/27/style/tmagazine/t_w_1505_remix_eastern_.html|title=Petro Dollies|author=Sameer Reddy|date=24 October 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> Aliteuliwa na Mfalme Khalid kuwa mhandisi mshauri wa Diwani ya Kifalme, na pia aliwahi kuwa mshauri wa uhandisi wa Mfalme Fahd. ==Mengineyo== Al-Rashid ni mfadhili mkubwa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Texas na Chuo Kikuu cha Miami. Ametoa mchango wa dola milioni 10 kujenga Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center katika Chuo Kikuu cha Miami. Anamiliki yachti moja kubwa duniani, Lady Moura, ambayo iligharimu zaidi ya dola milioni 200 kuijenga mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]]. Aliolewa na Mouna Ayoub, mwanamke wa Lebanon, na alikuwa mwenyeji wa karamu kuu ya serikali iliyoandaliwa na Malkia [[Elizabeth II]] mwaka [[1987]].<ref name=TimesMar87>{{cite news|title=Court Circular|url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=wes_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=IF500264869&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0|access-date=13 November 2015|issue=62725|date=25 March 1987|page=16|url-access=subscription |work=The Times}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] siojj0amhwtrlynmyu59in70vnctd93 1585136 1585105 2026-08-06T19:12:51Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid''' (alizaliwa [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]]. Hajajumuishwa katika orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya matajiri wa dunia kwa kuwa utajiri wake hauwezi kukadiriwa kwa usahihi kutoka kwa taarifa za umma.<ref name="Communications1992">{{cite book|author=Emmis Communications|title=The Alcalde|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19|date=March 1992|publisher=Emmis Communications|pages=19–|issn=1535-993X}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali na Elimu== Al-Rashid alimaliza shahada yake ya kwanza katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Texas]] mwaka [[1965]], na shahada yake ya udaktari katika uhandisi wa ujenzi kutoka chuo kikuu hicho mwaka [[1970]]. Pia amesoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[King Fahd]] cha Petroli na Madini. ==Kazi== Alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha King Fahd cha Petroli na Madini huko [[Dhahran]], Saudia. Mwaka [[1973]] au [[1975]], alianzisha [[Rashid Engineering]] huko [[Riyadh]], ambayo ikawa kampuni kubwa ya ujenzi nchini Saudia, ikishiriki katika karibu miradi 100 mikubwa ya ujenzi nchini humo, ikiwa ni pamoja na ujenzi wa Hospitali ya Mtaalamu wa Macho ya King Khaled.<ref name=TelegOct15>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/27/style/tmagazine/t_w_1505_remix_eastern_.html|title=Petro Dollies|author=Sameer Reddy|date=24 October 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> Aliteuliwa na Mfalme Khalid kuwa mhandisi mshauri wa Diwani ya Kifalme, na pia aliwahi kuwa mshauri wa uhandisi wa Mfalme Fahd. ==Mengineyo== Al-Rashid ni mfadhili mkubwa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Texas na Chuo Kikuu cha Miami. Ametoa mchango wa dola milioni 10 kujenga [[Dr. Nasser Ibrahim Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Miami. Anamiliki yachti moja kubwa duniani, Lady Moura, ambayo iligharimu zaidi ya dola milioni 200 kuijenga mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1980]]. Aliolewa na Mouna Ayoub, mwanamke wa [[Lebanoni|Lebanon]], na alikuwa mwenyeji wa karamu kuu ya serikali iliyoandaliwa na Malkia [[Elizabeth II]] mwaka [[1987]].<ref name=TimesMar87>{{cite news|title=Court Circular|url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=wes_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=IF500264869&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0|access-date=13 November 2015|issue=62725|date=25 March 1987|page=16|url-access=subscription |work=The Times}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3mqdptd0117mfo09iqs9qnhbdd6ewy9 0 243817 1585107 2026-08-06T16:54:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdulaziz Al Rajhi''' (alizaliwa [[1929]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Al Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani. Mnamo [[2011]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 7.7, na kumfanya kuwa mtu tajiri wa 120 duniani.<ref>{{cite web|title= Sulaiman-al-rajhi's life rags riches story|url=http://www.arabnews.com/economy/sulaiman-al-rajhi's-life-rags-r...' 1585107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdulaziz Al Rajhi''' (alizaliwa [[1929]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Al Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani. Mnamo [[2011]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 7.7, na kumfanya kuwa mtu tajiri wa 120 duniani.<ref>{{cite web|title= Sulaiman-al-rajhi's life rags riches story|url=http://www.arabnews.com/economy/sulaiman-al-rajhi's-life-rags-riches-story }}</ref><ref name="forbes">{{cite web |title=Sulaiman Bin Abdul Al Rajhi |url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=OH45&datatype=Person |work=[[Forbes]] |year=2004 |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi donates billions to charity |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2011/05/201151522136786875.html |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]] |last=Gatenby |first=Victoria |date=2011-05-16 |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Al Rajhi alizaliwa Al-Bukairiyah, Mkoa wa Qassim, Saudia, na alikulia katika jangwa la Nejd ambako yeye na kaka yake Saleh walianza biashara kwa kutoza pesa kwa mahujaji waliosafiri kwa misafara ya ngamia kuvuka jangwa kwenda [[Makka]] na [[Madina]]. Alianza kazi akiwa na umri wa miaka 9, akifanya kazi za kusaidia kabla ya kujiunga na biashara ya kaka yake ya kubadilisha fedha kwa mahujaji. Katikati ya miaka ya 1950, alihamia Jeddah na kuanza biashara yake mwenyewe ya kubadilisha fedha. ==Kazi== Mnamo [[1957]], alianzisha Al Rajhi Bank pamoja na kaka zake Saleh, Abdullah, na Mohammed. Benki hiyo ilikua na kuwa benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani, ikiwa na mtandao wa matawi 514 nchini Saudia, 16 nchini [[Malaysia]], 10 nchini [[Yordani]], na 2 nchini [[Kuwait]]. Sheikh Al Rajhi ndiye mwenye hisa kubwa zaidi katika benki hiyo . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h4vdu0q014rrm5rv01oefnc5mvqt1v7 1585239 1585107 2026-08-07T04:12:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1585239 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdulaziz Al Rajhi''' (alizaliwa [[1929]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Al Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani. Mnamo [[2011]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 7.7, na kumfanya kuwa mtu tajiri wa 120 duniani.<ref>{{cite web|title= Sulaiman-al-rajhi's life rags riches story|url= http://www.arabnews.com/economy/sulaiman-al-rajhi's-life-rags-riches-story}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="forbes">{{cite web |title=Sulaiman Bin Abdul Al Rajhi |url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=OH45&datatype=Person |work=[[Forbes]] |year=2004 |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi donates billions to charity |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2011/05/201151522136786875.html |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]] |last=Gatenby |first=Victoria |date=2011-05-16 |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Al Rajhi alizaliwa Al-Bukairiyah, Mkoa wa Qassim, Saudia, na alikulia katika jangwa la Nejd ambako yeye na kaka yake Saleh walianza biashara kwa kutoza pesa kwa mahujaji waliosafiri kwa misafara ya ngamia kuvuka jangwa kwenda [[Makka]] na [[Madina]]. Alianza kazi akiwa na umri wa miaka 9, akifanya kazi za kusaidia kabla ya kujiunga na biashara ya kaka yake ya kubadilisha fedha kwa mahujaji. Katikati ya miaka ya 1950, alihamia Jeddah na kuanza biashara yake mwenyewe ya kubadilisha fedha. ==Kazi== Mnamo [[1957]], alianzisha Al Rajhi Bank pamoja na kaka zake Saleh, Abdullah, na Mohammed. Benki hiyo ilikua na kuwa benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani, ikiwa na mtandao wa matawi 514 nchini Saudia, 16 nchini [[Malaysia]], 10 nchini [[Yordani]], na 2 nchini [[Kuwait]]. Sheikh Al Rajhi ndiye mwenye hisa kubwa zaidi katika benki hiyo . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sah63svxz4yplm5toumml85w7k8o702 1585260 1585239 2026-08-07T04:34:37Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Sulaiman bin Abdulaziz Al Rajhi''' (alizaliwa [[1929]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Al Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani. Mnamo [[2011]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 7.7, na kumfanya kuwa mtu tajiri wa 120 duniani.<ref>{{cite web|title= Sulaiman-al-rajhi's life rags riches story|url= http://www.arabnews.com/economy/sulaiman-al-rajhi's-life-rags-riches-story}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="forbes">{{cite web |title=Sulaiman Bin Abdul Al Rajhi |url=https://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=10&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=OH45&datatype=Person |work=[[Forbes]] |year=2004 |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Saudi donates billions to charity |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2011/05/201151522136786875.html |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]] |last=Gatenby |first=Victoria |date=2011-05-16 |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali== Al Rajhi alizaliwa Al-Bukairiyah, Mkoa wa Qassim, Saudia, na alikulia katika jangwa la Nejd ambako yeye na kaka yake Saleh walianza biashara kwa kutoza pesa kwa mahujaji waliosafiri kwa misafara ya ngamia kuvuka jangwa kwenda [[Makka]] na [[Madina]]. Alianza kazi akiwa na umri wa miaka 9, akifanya kazi za kusaidia kabla ya kujiunga na biashara ya kaka yake ya kubadilisha fedha kwa mahujaji. Katikati ya miaka ya 1950, alihamia Jeddah na kuanza biashara yake mwenyewe ya kubadilisha fedha. ==Kazi== Mnamo [[1957]], alianzisha Al Rajhi Bank pamoja na kaka zake Saleh, Abdullah, na Mohammed. Benki hiyo ilikua na kuwa benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu duniani, ikiwa na mtandao wa matawi 514 nchini Saudia, 16 nchini [[Malaysia]], 10 nchini [[Yordani]], na 2 nchini [[Kuwait]]. Sheikh Al Rajhi ndiye mwenye hisa kubwa zaidi katika benki hiyo . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dztjm81qn9gx3i2bkg8iehpybzx0x1s 0 243818 1585109 2026-08-06T16:58:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sheikh Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi''' (Alizaliwa [[1921]] – alifariki [[12 Februari]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa benki wa [[Saudia]] ambaye alianzisha Al-Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu.<ref>[http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi's obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215095544/http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 |date=2011-02-15 }} {{in lang|ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|u...' 1585109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi''' (Alizaliwa [[1921]] – alifariki [[12 Februari]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa benki wa [[Saudia]] ambaye alianzisha Al-Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu.<ref>[http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi's obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215095544/http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 |date=2011-02-15 }} {{in lang|ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20110213035051/Founder%20of%20Al%20Rajhi%20Bank%20Sheikh%20Saleh%20passes%20away|title=Founder of Al Rajhi Bank Sheikh Saleh passes away|date=13 February 2011|work=[[The Saudi Gazette]]|accessdate=9 March 2011}}</ref> Mkubwa wa familia ya Al Rajhi, alijihusisha katika viwanda vingine vilivyofanikiwa kama vile ujenzi, mali zisizohamishika na kilimo. Mbali na kuwa mfanyabiashara mashuhuri wa Saudia, pia alikuwa mhisani anayejulikana kwa michango muhimu katika nyanja ya kilimo, elimu na afya. Katika miaka yake ya baadaye, Al Rajhi alianzisha maelekezo kwa ajili ya kuanzisha taasisi ya kusimamia waqf unaoendelea kwa ajili ya misaada ambayo alikuwa akiisaidia mara kwa mara maishani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euromoney.com/article/b1dd5hcwmnvm8m/the-richest-man-in-the-world|title=The richest man in the world|website=Euromoney|date=May 1983 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] lgbxda04kdlkyv8xhsm90i9qlbg1lvv 1585142 1585109 2026-08-06T19:19:30Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585142 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi''' (Alizaliwa [[1921]] – alifariki [[12 Februari]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa benki wa [[Saudia]] ambaye alianzisha Al-Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu.<ref>[http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi's obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215095544/http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 |date=2011-02-15 }} {{in lang|ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20110213035051/Founder%20of%20Al%20Rajhi%20Bank%20Sheikh%20Saleh%20passes%20away|title=Founder of Al Rajhi Bank Sheikh Saleh passes away|date=13 February 2011|work=[[The Saudi Gazette]]|accessdate=9 March 2011}}</ref> Mkubwa wa familia ya Al Rajhi, alijihusisha katika viwanda vingine vilivyofanikiwa kama vile ujenzi, mali zisizohamishika na kilimo. Mbali na kuwa mfanyabiashara mashuhuri wa Saudia, pia alikuwa mhisani anayejulikana kwa michango muhimu katika nyanja ya kilimo, elimu na afya. Katika miaka yake ya baadaye, Al Rajhi alianzisha maelekezo kwa ajili ya kuanzisha taasisi ya kusimamia waqf unaoendelea kwa ajili ya misaada ambayo alikuwa akiisaidia mara kwa mara maishani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euromoney.com/article/b1dd5hcwmnvm8m/the-richest-man-in-the-world|title=The richest man in the world|website=Euromoney|date=May 1983 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] 7qhzobfid6s78hr8g0jv5z0pwj6vk76 1585316 1585142 2026-08-07T06:30:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi''' ([[1921]] – [[12 Februari]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa benki wa [[Saudia]] ambaye alianzisha Al-Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu.<ref>[http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi's obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215095544/http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 |date=2011-02-15 }} {{in lang|ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20110213035051/Founder%20of%20Al%20Rajhi%20Bank%20Sheikh%20Saleh%20passes%20away|title=Founder of Al Rajhi Bank Sheikh Saleh passes away|date=13 February 2011|work=[[The Saudi Gazette]]|accessdate=9 March 2011}}</ref> Mkubwa wa familia ya Al Rajhi, alijihusisha katika viwanda vingine vilivyofanikiwa kama vile ujenzi, mali zisizohamishika na kilimo. Mbali na kuwa mfanyabiashara mashuhuri wa Saudia, pia alikuwa mhisani anayejulikana kwa michango muhimu katika nyanja ya kilimo, elimu na afya. Katika miaka yake ya baadaye, Al Rajhi alianzisha maelekezo kwa ajili ya kuanzisha taasisi ya kusimamia waqf unaoendelea kwa ajili ya misaada ambayo alikuwa akiisaidia mara kwa mara maishani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euromoney.com/article/b1dd5hcwmnvm8m/the-richest-man-in-the-world|title=The richest man in the world|website=Euromoney|date=May 1983 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] e52wbg0ddj0zipdipf7dsk8hpvu70vu 1585413 1585316 2026-08-07T10:46:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheikh Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi''' ([[1921]] – [[12 Februari]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa benki wa [[Saudia]] ambaye alianzisha Al-Rajhi Bank, benki kubwa zaidi ya Kiislamu.<ref>[http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi's obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215095544/http://www.alriyadh.com/net/article/603950 |date=2011-02-15 }} {{in lang|ar}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20110213035051/Founder%20of%20Al%20Rajhi%20Bank%20Sheikh%20Saleh%20passes%20away|title=Founder of Al Rajhi Bank Sheikh Saleh passes away|date=13 February 2011|work=[[The Saudi Gazette]]|accessdate=9 March 2011}}</ref> Mkubwa wa familia ya Al Rajhi, alijihusisha katika viwanda vingine vilivyofanikiwa kama vile ujenzi, mali zisizohamishika na kilimo. Mbali na kuwa mfanyabiashara mashuhuri wa Saudia, pia alikuwa mhisani anayejulikana kwa michango muhimu katika nyanja ya kilimo, elimu na afya. Katika miaka yake ya baadaye, Al Rajhi alianzisha maelekezo kwa ajili ya kuanzisha taasisi ya kusimamia waqf unaoendelea kwa ajili ya misaada ambayo alikuwa akiisaidia mara kwa mara maishani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.euromoney.com/article/b1dd5hcwmnvm8m/the-richest-man-in-the-world|title=The richest man in the world|website=Euromoney|date=May 1983 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] jqc8jxtea73tsk87xy7j7g0wu0z8gxu 0 243819 1585110 2026-08-06T17:02:42Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1908]] – alifariki [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama Saudi Binladin Group na akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanafalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Five Ri...' 1585110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1908]] – alifariki [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama Saudi Binladin Group na akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanafalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Five Richest Saudis|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2009/08/31/the-five-richest-saudis/|website = WSJ Blogs - The Wealth Report|date = 2009-08-31|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coll |first1=Steve |title=The Bin Ladens: Oil, Money, Terrorism and the Secret Saudi World |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-191778-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS3aIepU0sC |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] 07pl5tfqfnt7uv731oe64w52h0gd84h 1585120 1585110 2026-08-06T18:52:29Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1908]] – alifariki [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama [[Saudi Binladin Group]] na akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanafalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Five Richest Saudis|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2009/08/31/the-five-richest-saudis/|website = WSJ Blogs - The Wealth Report|date = 2009-08-31|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coll |first1=Steve |title=The Bin Ladens: Oil, Money, Terrorism and the Secret Saudi World |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-191778-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS3aIepU0sC |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] l0f9o5zftbd7x4dtrr78zhf5bcdsueu 1585261 1585120 2026-08-07T04:35:10Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1908]] – alifariki [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama [[Saudi Binladin Group]] na akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanafalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Five Richest Saudis|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2009/08/31/the-five-richest-saudis/|website = WSJ Blogs - The Wealth Report|date = 2009-08-31|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coll |first1=Steve |title=The Bin Ladens: Oil, Money, Terrorism and the Secret Saudi World |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-191778-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS3aIepU0sC |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] 9er06muj0u0xj3fikwqlpiuan8c29ry 1585262 1585261 2026-08-07T04:37:46Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1908]] na alifariki mwaka [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama [[Saudi Binladin Group]] na akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanafalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Five Richest Saudis|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2009/08/31/the-five-richest-saudis/|website = WSJ Blogs - The Wealth Report|date = 2009-08-31|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coll |first1=Steve |title=The Bin Ladens: Oil, Money, Terrorism and the Secret Saudi World |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-191778-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS3aIepU0sC |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] l4s7e1sgueheffpl0flue23po5j278g 1585300 1585262 2026-08-07T05:28:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[1908]] na alifariki mwaka [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama [[Saudi Binladin Group]] na akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanafalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title = The Five Richest Saudis|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2009/08/31/the-five-richest-saudis/|website = WSJ Blogs - The Wealth Report|date = 2009-08-31|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coll |first1=Steve |title=The Bin Ladens: Oil, Money, Terrorism and the Secret Saudi World |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-191778-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS3aIepU0sC |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] 0ael4wodvdkq1h5dgplyfk7wq87bv3u 1585318 1585300 2026-08-07T06:31:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Awad bin Ladin''' ([[1908]] hivi - [[3 Septemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]] mzaliwa wa [[Yemen]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika sekta ya ujenzi. Alianzisha kile ambacho leo kinajulikana kama [[Saudi Binladin Group]] akawa tajiri zaidi wa Saudia ambaye si mwanamfalme, akianzisha utajiri na hadhi ya familia ya bin Ladin. Alikuwa baba wa [[Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title = The Five Richest Saudis|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2009/08/31/the-five-richest-saudis/|website = WSJ Blogs - The Wealth Report|date = 2009-08-31|access-date = 2015-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coll |first1=Steve |title=The Bin Ladens: Oil, Money, Terrorism and the Secret Saudi World |date=5 March 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-0-14-191778-8 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCS3aIepU0sC |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] c8fci3yz6ao4fhx5ls89y61x63t58nf 0 243820 1585112 2026-08-06T17:11:06Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Salim bin Ahmed bin Al Shaiba bin Mahfouz''' (alizaliwa [[1910]] – alifariki [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] mwenye asili ya Hadhrami, na mwanzilishi wa National Commercial Bank.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2020-09-07 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907213657/https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |language=ar |title=سالم بن محفوظ يتذكر |url=https://siba...' 1585112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salim bin Ahmed bin Al Shaiba bin Mahfouz''' (alizaliwa [[1910]] – alifariki [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] mwenye asili ya Hadhrami, na mwanzilishi wa National Commercial Bank.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2020-09-07 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907213657/https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |language=ar |title=سالم بن محفوظ يتذكر |url=https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |website=sibawayhbooks.com}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Bin Mahfouz kwanza alifanya kazi kama gavana huko [[Makka]]. Kutambua uwezo wake na kuwa na imani naye, familia ya Al-Kaki ilichagua kushirikiana naye katika biashara yao ya kubadilisha fedha. Kisha akawa mwakilishi wao.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924074903/http://www.binmahfouz.info/history.html |title=Bin Mahfouz Information |url=https://www.binmahfouz.info/history.html |website=www.binmahfouz.info}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] di5kb595gu3o33uuy9rhvt7w3fi3d5p 1585143 1585112 2026-08-06T19:20:30Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salim bin Ahmed bin Al Shaiba bin Mahfouz''' (alizaliwa [[1910]] – alifariki [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] mwenye asili ya Hadhrami, na mwanzilishi wa National Commercial Bank.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2020-09-07 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907213657/https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |language=ar |title=سالم بن محفوظ يتذكر |url=https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |website=sibawayhbooks.com}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Bin Mahfouz kwanza alifanya kazi kama gavana huko [[Makka]]. Kutambua uwezo wake na kuwa na imani naye, familia ya Al-Kaki ilichagua kushirikiana naye katika biashara yao ya kubadilisha fedha. Kisha akawa mwakilishi wao.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924074903/http://www.binmahfouz.info/history.html |title=Bin Mahfouz Information |url=https://www.binmahfouz.info/history.html |website=www.binmahfouz.info}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] dz5nagmgu8g04n0j9y5avfcixetvrsy 1585320 1585143 2026-08-07T06:33:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salim bin Ahmed bin Al Shaiba bin Mahfouz''' ([[1910]] – [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Saudia]] mwenye asili ya Hadhrami, na mwanzilishi wa National Commercial Bank.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2020-09-07 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907213657/https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |language=ar |title=سالم بن محفوظ يتذكر |url=https://sibawayhbooks.com/store/product/bkn-9786030150212 |website=sibawayhbooks.com}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Bin Mahfouz kwanza alifanya kazi kama gavana huko [[Makka]]. Kutambua uwezo wake na kuwa na imani naye, familia ya Al-Kaki ilichagua kushirikiana naye katika biashara yao ya kubadilisha fedha. Kisha akawa mwakilishi wao.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924074903/http://www.binmahfouz.info/history.html |title=Bin Mahfouz Information |url=https://www.binmahfouz.info/history.html |website=www.binmahfouz.info}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] 2h9w30ntqflyaj08x1avif2g7ykaf7k 10 243821 1585115 2026-08-06T18:34:43Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Kigezo kwa ajili ya warsha za makosa, marekebisho na kuchangia 2026/2027 1585115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portal navigation | portalname =Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.1em #696969; padding-center:0.1em; color:#000000; | wrc = no | themecolor = #FFD700 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign|{{uc:Overview}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Editathons.svg|26px]] | tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign/August 2026 Fact-Checking and Referencing Drive|{{uc:August 2026 Fact-Checking and Referencing Drive}}]] | icon2 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign/November 2026 Citation Cleanup|{{uc:November 2026 Citation Cleanup}}]] | icon3 = [[File:Knowledge Transfer (27472) - The Noun Project.svg|26px]] | tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign/February 2027 Verification and Quality Review|{{uc:February 2027 Verification and Quality Review}}]] | icon4 = [[File:Network (22612) - The Noun Project - black.svg|26px]] | tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign/May 2027 Campaign Wrap-up|{{uc:May 2027 Campaign Wrap-up}}]] | icon5 = [[File:Collaborate icon from Noun Project.png|26px]] }} 68iq9o59tm5wa26qxhrygnedfqg4gvc 0 243822 1585119 2026-08-06T18:50:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585119 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dorian Aldegheri.jpg|thumb|Dorian Aldegheri]] '''Dorian Aldegheri''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anacheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya Toulouse, inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14, na pia anaiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya Ufaransa. == Maisha ya kitaaluma == Dorian Aldegheri alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa alipoingia uwanjani kama [[mchezaji]] wa akiba katika mechi ambayo Ufaransa ilifungwa na [[England]] kwenye Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya mwaka [[2019]]. <ref>https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2015/06/03/2117179-dorian-aldegheri-l-incroyable-fin-de-saison.html</ref><ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=DA764197</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} t3kl820wkectvjklygub51i3bpy2bmp 1585125 1585119 2026-08-06T19:06:35Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dorian Aldegheri.jpg|thumb|Dorian Aldegheri]] '''Dorian Aldegheri''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anacheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya [[Toulouse]], inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14, na pia anaiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya Ufaransa. == Maisha ya kitaaluma == Dorian Aldegheri alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa alipoingia uwanjani kama [[mchezaji]] wa akiba katika mechi ambayo Ufaransa ilifungwa na [[England]] kwenye Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya mwaka [[2019]]. <ref>https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2015/06/03/2117179-dorian-aldegheri-l-incroyable-fin-de-saison.html</ref><ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=DA764197</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 8f9m45owks7f3wa27y8fiyo8onjxz3l 1585270 1585125 2026-08-07T04:45:25Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dorian Aldegheri.jpg|thumb|Dorian Aldegheri]] '''Dorian Aldegheri''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anacheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya [[Toulouse]], inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14, na pia anaiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya Ufaransa. == Maisha ya kitaaluma == Dorian Aldegheri alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa alipoingia uwanjani kama [[mchezaji]] wa akiba katika mechi ambayo Ufaransa ilifungwa na [[England]] kwenye Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya mwaka [[2019]]. <ref>https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2015/06/03/2117179-dorian-aldegheri-l-incroyable-fin-de-saison.html</ref><ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=DA764197</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bbdoaqs65tly43vys5m3iz36z319160 0 243823 1585124 2026-08-06T19:04:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:USO - UBB - 20150829 - Yann Lesgourgues.jpg|thumb|Yann Lesgourgues]] '''Yann Lesgourgues''' (alizaliwa [[17 Januari]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Bordeaux Bègles. Alianza taaluma yake ya raga katika klabu ya Biarritz, ambako alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza mwaka [[2009]]. Mwaka [[2014]], alihamia klabu pinzani ya Bordeaux Bègles, inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14. Mwaka [[2017]], alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa, akianza katika kikosi cha kwanza kwenye mechi ya majaribio dhidi ya All Blacks (timu ya taifa ya [[New Zealand]]). <ref>https://prod2.lnr.fr/joueur/327-yann-lesgourgues</ref><ref>https://all.rugby/player/yann-lesgourgues</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 9uwq2msu7xxo9o1b24i9nbvrmbuj70j 1585263 1585124 2026-08-07T04:38:23Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:USO - UBB - 20150829 - Yann Lesgourgues.jpg|thumb|Yann Lesgourgues]] '''Yann Lesgourgues''' (alizaliwa [[17 Januari]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anachezea [[klabu]] ya Bordeaux Bègles. Alianza taaluma yake ya raga katika klabu ya Biarritz, ambako alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza mwaka [[2009]]. Mwaka [[2014]], alihamia klabu pinzani ya Bordeaux Bègles, inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14. Mwaka [[2017]], alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa, akianza katika kikosi cha kwanza kwenye mechi ya majaribio dhidi ya All Blacks (timu ya taifa ya [[New Zealand]]). <ref>https://prod2.lnr.fr/joueur/327-yann-lesgourgues</ref><ref>https://all.rugby/player/yann-lesgourgues</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ir1yat07ev0dmua035rkx765q2wyeek 0 243824 1585126 2026-08-06T19:07:19Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Kuanzisha ukurasa wa maelezo ya kampeni 1585126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign}} '''Kampeni ya Kutambua na Kurekebisha Makosa ya Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-2027''' inalenga '''kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia''' kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa yaliyopo katika makala zilizopo. Wahariri wa kujitolea hufanya kazi kwa pamoja kupitia '''mapitio, uhakiki wa ukweli, na kusasisha maudhui kwa kutumia marejeo sahihi'''. Kampeni hii pia hutumika kama fursa ya mafunzo ya vitendo, ikiwasaidia washiriki kukuza ujuzi wa kuhariri, kufanya utafiti, na kuthibitisha taarifa. ==Shughuli na Ratiba== * Fact-checking and referencing drive: '''August 2026''' * Citation cleanup: '''November 2026''' * Verification and quality review: '''February 2027''' * Campaign wrap-up: '''May 2027''' [[Jamii:Editathons swwiki]] [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Error and Fix Campaign]] ncb6ulli1f2p4bopepgn7ukqtieosfk 0 243825 1585127 2026-08-06T19:08:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michelle Xia''' (Alizaliwa [[1966]] au [[1967]]) ni bilionea wa nchini [[China]]. Alianzisha ''Akeso'' mwaka [[2012]] na anahudumu kama mwenyekiti, rais, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni hiyo.<ref name="AR20242">{{cite web |date=30 March 2025 |title=Annual Report 2024 |url=https://www.akesobio.com/media/2563/24ar.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Akeso, Inc. |page=37}}</ref><ref name="HKEX2">{{cite web |date=14 April 2020 |title=Global Offe...' 1585127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Xia''' (Alizaliwa [[1966]] au [[1967]]) ni bilionea wa nchini [[China]]. Alianzisha ''Akeso'' mwaka [[2012]] na anahudumu kama mwenyekiti, rais, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni hiyo.<ref name="AR20242">{{cite web |date=30 March 2025 |title=Annual Report 2024 |url=https://www.akesobio.com/media/2563/24ar.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Akeso, Inc. |page=37}}</ref><ref name="HKEX2">{{cite web |date=14 April 2020 |title=Global Offering (Prospectus) |url=https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2020/0414/2020041400145.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing}}</ref> Mnamo Machi [[2025]], alijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya "TIME100 Health". Kufikia Julai [[2025]], [[Forbes]] anakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 1.2.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |last=Dolan |first=Kerry A. |date=July 16, 2025 |title=How This New Biotech Billionaire Outmaneuvered Merck In China |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2025/07/16/how-this-new-biotech-billionaire-outmaneuvered-merck-in-china/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tr4vpz0ry2pnifjslykx3pgfpcvj0k6 1585250 1585127 2026-08-07T04:27:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Xia''' (Alizaliwa [[1966]] au [[1967]]) ni bilionea wa nchini [[China]]. Alianzisha ''Akeso'' mwaka [[2012]] na anahudumu kama mwenyekiti, rais, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni hiyo.<ref name="AR20242">{{cite web |date=30 March 2025 |title=Annual Report 2024 |url=https://www.akesobio.com/media/2563/24ar.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Akeso, Inc. |page=37}}</ref><ref name="HKEX2">{{cite web |date=14 April 2020 |title=Global Offering (Prospectus) |url=https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2020/0414/2020041400145.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing}}</ref> Mnamo Machi [[2025]], alijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya "TIME100 Health". Kufikia Julai [[2025]], [[Forbes]] anakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 1.2.<ref name="Forbes">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Dolan |first=Kerry A. |date=July 16, 2025 |title=How This New Biotech Billionaire Outmaneuvered Merck In China |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2025/07/16/how-this-new-biotech-billionaire-outmaneuvered-merck-in-china/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g4zrep15jxtu64p9l954cggiqsl69tv 1585271 1585250 2026-08-07T04:46:00Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Xia''' (Alizaliwa [[1966]] au [[1967]]) ni bilionea wa nchini [[China]]. Alianzisha ''Akeso'' mwaka [[2012]] na anahudumu kama mwenyekiti, rais, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni hiyo.<ref name="AR20242">{{cite web |date=30 March 2025 |title=Annual Report 2024 |url=https://www.akesobio.com/media/2563/24ar.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Akeso, Inc. |page=37}}</ref><ref name="HKEX2">{{cite web |date=14 April 2020 |title=Global Offering (Prospectus) |url=https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2020/0414/2020041400145.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025 |publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing}}</ref> Mnamo Machi [[2025]], alijumuishwa kwenye orodha ya "TIME100 Health". Kufikia Julai [[2025]], [[Forbes]] anakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 1.2.<ref name="Forbes">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Dolan |first=Kerry A. |date=July 16, 2025 |title=How This New Biotech Billionaire Outmaneuvered Merck In China |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2025/07/16/how-this-new-biotech-billionaire-outmaneuvered-merck-in-china/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 22bk34m8ou1o1oobz6nw8kf30166ny3 14 243826 1585128 2026-08-06T19:08:35Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]]' 1585128 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]] 30gyozyi2xfpaw0g9ii47s3ovg1bj4y 14 243827 1585129 2026-08-06T19:08:36Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '==Orodha katika Jamii ya wanamuziki wa Bongo Fleva Tanzania==' 1585129 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Orodha katika Jamii ya wanamuziki wa Bongo Fleva Tanzania== s4ujnhued863z8cj1ovcvc9t9dfac22 1585321 1585129 2026-08-07T06:37:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 1585321 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] sguh3lss3galblbzhpgdgwx3lnn4tt8 1585322 1585321 2026-08-07T06:37:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Removed redirect to [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 1585322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] 7f65dp45dqfog2cf73gr0zg1kvq4pqo 0 243828 1585131 2026-08-06T19:10:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mangwair]] hadi [[Albert Mangwea]]: Usahihi wa jina la msanii baada ya utafiti 1585131 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Albert Mangwea]] qy76d7l1wyyd4t3cdmm2bzsw0whmxv5 1 243829 1585133 2026-08-06T19:10:13Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Anuary Rajabu alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano:Mangwair]] hadi [[Majadiliano:Albert Mangwea]]: Usahihi wa jina la msanii baada ya utafiti 1585133 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano:Albert Mangwea]] 0da4fpiywo6fhidlqs82yz1yr2fk5z3 0 243830 1585138 2026-08-06T19:16:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Marc Doussain - entrainement du Stade Toulousain - 20110718.jpg|thumb|Jean-Marc Doussain]] '''Jean-Marc Doussain''' (alizaliwa [[12 Februari]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], aliyekuwa akicheza katika nafasi ya fly-half. Alichezea raga ya [[klabu]] katika Toulouse na Lyon, na aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 17. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa zikiwa zimesalia [[dakika]] 5 kabla ya kumalizika kwa fainali ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la mwaka [[2011]], na hivyo kuwa mchezaji wa kwanza katika [[historia]] kucheza mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia la Raga. Hapo awali, Doussain hakuwa amejumuishwa katika kikosi cha Ufaransa, lakini baadaye aliitwa kuchukua nafasi ya David Skrela, ambaye alikuwa ameumia. <ref>https://www.scotsman.com/sport/skrela-out-of-tournament-1661153</ref><ref>https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2007/06/22/369076-rugby-jean-marc-a-signe-au-stade-toulousain.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100820222742/http://www.lequipe.fr/Rugby/breves2010/20100520_125000_doussain-premier-contrat-pro.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} snhb00hs7f2mowxdrvac5uyfdbczvsa 1585140 1585138 2026-08-06T19:18:27Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Marc Doussain - entrainement du Stade Toulousain - 20110718.jpg|thumb|Jean-Marc Doussain]] '''Jean-Marc Doussain''' (alizaliwa [[12 Februari]] [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], aliyekuwa akicheza katika nafasi ya fly-half. Alichezea raga kwenye [[klabu]] ya Toulouse na Lyon, na aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 17. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa zikiwa zimesalia [[dakika]] 5 kabla ya kumalizika kwa fainali ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la mwaka [[2011]], na hivyo kuwa mchezaji wa kwanza katika [[historia]] kucheza mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia la Raga. Hapo awali, Doussain hakuwa amejumuishwa katika kikosi cha Ufaransa, lakini baadaye aliitwa kuchukua nafasi ya David Skrela, ambaye alikuwa ameumia. <ref>https://www.scotsman.com/sport/skrela-out-of-tournament-1661153</ref><ref>https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2007/06/22/369076-rugby-jean-marc-a-signe-au-stade-toulousain.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100820222742/http://www.lequipe.fr/Rugby/breves2010/20100520_125000_doussain-premier-contrat-pro.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} qjgyyr4lzrb1o9fst08w4hhgykjpdmg 0 243831 1585145 2026-08-06T19:24:07Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marie Smith''' (1898–1991) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za kiraia huko Portland, Oregon, Marekani. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Oregon Association of Colored Women's Clubs, na alikuwa [[M|mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuwa rais wa tawi la Portland la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). == Wasifu == Marie Smith alizaliwa mwaka 1898 mjini Paris, Texas, Marekani. Mwaka 1910, alihamia Toppenish, Washington, kuishi na baba y...' 1585145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Smith''' (1898–1991) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za kiraia huko Portland, Oregon, Marekani. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Oregon Association of Colored Women's Clubs, na alikuwa [[M|mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuwa rais wa tawi la Portland la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). == Wasifu == Marie Smith alizaliwa mwaka 1898 mjini Paris, Texas, Marekani. Mwaka 1910, alihamia Toppenish, Washington, kuishi na baba yake. Mababu zake wote wawili walikuwa watumwa, na baba yake alifanya [[kazi]] katika kituo cha reli akiwa msafishaji, mhudumu wa mizigo, na msambazaji wa barua. Mnamo Julai 5, 1917, Marie aliolewa na Elwood Smith huko Spokane, Washington. Wiki chache baadaye walihamia Portland, Oregon, ambako waliishi kwa miaka mingi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oregon's Civil Rights Bill, 1953|url=https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/signing-oregon39s-civil-rights-bill-1953/|work=www.oregonhistoryproject.org|date=2014-04-25|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kuhama kutoka nyumba yao katika eneo la kusini mashariki mwa Woodstock kwenda kitongoji kilichokuwa na wakazi wengi weupe kaskazini mashariki mwa Portland, Marie Smith na mume wake walikumbana na ubaguzi wa makazi. Baadhi ya majirani wao waliandaa na kusaini ombi wakitaka waondoke katika eneo hilo. Tukio hilo lilionyesha changamoto kubwa za [[ubaguzi]] wa rangi zilizokuwepo wakati huo na lilimpa Marie msukumo zaidi wa kupigania haki za kiraia na usawa kwa Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=portlands_african_american_history_-_albina_community.pdf|url=https://multco.us/file/portlandsafricanamericanhistory-albinacommunitypdf|work=Multnomah County|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] fiqhfi08wj4kud4l0bzs99hj60pkl9i 1585237 1585145 2026-08-07T04:07:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Smith''' (1898–1991) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za kiraia huko Portland, Oregon, Marekani. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Oregon Association of Colored Women's Clubs, na alikuwa [[M|mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuwa rais wa tawi la Portland la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). == Wasifu == Marie Smith alizaliwa mwaka 1898 mjini Paris, Texas, Marekani. Mwaka 1910, alihamia Toppenish, Washington, kuishi na baba yake. Mababu zake wote wawili walikuwa watumwa, na baba yake alifanya [[kazi]] katika kituo cha reli akiwa msafishaji, mhudumu wa mizigo, na msambazaji wa barua. Mnamo Julai 5, 1917, Marie aliolewa na Elwood Smith huko Spokane, Washington. Wiki chache baadaye walihamia Portland, Oregon, ambako waliishi kwa miaka mingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oregon's Civil Rights Bill, 1953|url=https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/signing-oregon39s-civil-rights-bill-1953/|work=www.oregonhistoryproject.org|date=2014-04-25|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kuhama kutoka nyumba yao katika eneo la kusini mashariki mwa Woodstock kwenda kitongoji kilichokuwa na wakazi wengi weupe kaskazini mashariki mwa Portland, Marie Smith na mume wake walikumbana na ubaguzi wa makazi. Baadhi ya majirani wao waliandaa na kusaini ombi wakitaka waondoke katika eneo hilo. Tukio hilo lilionyesha changamoto kubwa za [[ubaguzi]] wa rangi zilizokuwepo wakati huo na lilimpa Marie msukumo zaidi wa kupigania haki za kiraia na usawa kwa Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=portlands_african_american_history_-_albina_community.pdf|url=https://multco.us/file/portlandsafricanamericanhistory-albinacommunitypdf|work=Multnomah County|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 1unpdojr7juujq8fuxog3gc9nfoigae 1585246 1585237 2026-08-07T04:23:58Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Smith''' (1898–1991) alikuwa [[Mwanaharakati|mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia]] huko [[Portland, Oregon|Portland, Oregon]], [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Oregon Association of Colored Women's Clubs, na alikuwa [[M|mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuwa raisi wa tawi la Portland la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). == Wasifu == Marie Smith alizaliwa mwaka 1898 mjini [[Paris]], [[Texas]], Marekani. Mwaka 1910, alihamia [[Washington|Toppenish, Washington]], kuishi na baba yake. Mababu zake wote wawili walikuwa watumwa, na baba yake alifanya [[kazi]] katika kituo cha reli akiwa msafishaji, mhudumu wa mizigo, na msambazaji wa barua. Mnamo Julai 5, 1917, Marie aliolewa na Elwood Smith huko Spokane, Washington. Wiki chache baadaye walihamia Portland, Oregon, ambako waliishi kwa miaka mingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oregon's Civil Rights Bill, 1953|url=https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/signing-oregon39s-civil-rights-bill-1953/|work=www.oregonhistoryproject.org|date=2014-04-25|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kuhama kutoka nyumba yao katika eneo la kusini mashariki mwa Woodstock kwenda kitongoji kilichokuwa na wakazi wengi weupe kaskazini mashariki mwa Portland, Marie Smith na mume wake walikumbana na ubaguzi wa makazi. Baadhi ya majirani wao waliandaa na kusaini ombi wakitaka waondoke katika eneo hilo. Tukio hilo lilionyesha changamoto kubwa za [[ubaguzi]] wa rangi zilizokuwepo wakati huo na lilimpa Marie msukumo zaidi wa kupigania haki za kiraia na usawa kwa Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=portlands_african_american_history_-_albina_community.pdf|url=https://multco.us/file/portlandsafricanamericanhistory-albinacommunitypdf|work=Multnomah County|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] iv7y9j8h3wiyb6ow30j2j3bnhgjra98 1728 243832 1585147 2026-08-06T19:27:03Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth]] hadi [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth]] 1585147 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 WikiHealth]] 17w6q71g0dzc1ki7y11oei8vl5b2qy0 1728 243833 1585152 2026-08-06T19:30:58Z Abubakari Sixberth 53268 Abubakari Sixberth alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Event:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon]] hadi [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon]] 1585152 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 Monthly Edit-thon]] dlce9i7x861nj1iruqz3007mxv2nctc 0 243834 1585153 2026-08-06T19:31:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Romain Sazy''' (alizaliwa [[14 Oktoba]] [[1986]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Kwa sasa anacheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya [[La Rochelle]], inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14. == Mafanikio == La Rochelle * Mshindi wa [[Kombe]] la Mabingwa wa [[Ulaya]] la Raga 2021 – [[2022]], 2022 – [[2023]] * Mshindi wa pili wa Kombe la Mabingwa wa Ulaya la Raga 2020 – 2021 * Mshindi wa pili wa Kombe la Changamoto la Ulaya la Raga [[2018]] – [[2019]] * Mshindi wa pili wa Top 14: [[2020]] – [[2021]] <ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/61620139</ref><ref>https://www.staderochelais.com/les-equipes/romain-sazy</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ietpg2cgm831xnv0u106i9hwakp14fq 0 243835 1585154 2026-08-06T19:31:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lucy J. Sprague''' (aliyezaliwa Lucy Earle, mwaka 1851 – 29 Septemba 1903) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wanawake (suffragist) kutoka Rochester, New York, Marekani. Alijulikana kwa kujitolea kwake katika harakati za kupigania [[haki]] ya wanawake kupiga kura na kwa huduma yake katika [[kanisa]]. == Wasifu == Lucy J. Sprague alizaliwa mwaka 1851 huko Rochester, New York. Familia yake ilikuwa washiriki wa African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church...' 1585154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy J. Sprague''' (aliyezaliwa Lucy Earle, mwaka 1851 – 29 Septemba 1903) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wanawake (suffragist) kutoka Rochester, New York, Marekani. Alijulikana kwa kujitolea kwake katika harakati za kupigania [[haki]] ya wanawake kupiga kura na kwa huduma yake katika [[kanisa]]. == Wasifu == Lucy J. Sprague alizaliwa mwaka 1851 huko Rochester, New York. Familia yake ilikuwa washiriki wa African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion Church), na Lucy aliendelea kushiriki kikamilifu katika [[shughuli]] za kanisa hilo maisha yake yote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biographical Sketch of Lucy J. Sprague|url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3975727|work=search.alexanderstreet.com|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1878, aliolewa na James Alfred Sprague, na walipata mtoto mmoja wa kiume aliyefikia utu uzima. Kanisani, Sprague alihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za kujitolea, ikiwemo kuwa mweka hazina na msimamizi wa Shule ya Jumapili kwa watoto wachanga. Yeye na mume wake walikuwa wanachama wa Susan B. Anthony Club for Colored Women, ambapo walishiriki katika kampeni za kutetea haki ya wanawake kupiga kura.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0o4DwAAQBAJ&q=lucy+sprague&pg=PT100|title=Women Will Vote: Winning Suffrage in New York State|last=Goodier|first=Susan|last2=Pastorello|first2=Karen|date=2017-09-15|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1319-4|language=en}}</ref> Lucy Sprague pia alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Hester C. Jeffrey, wakishirikiana katika shughuli za kanisa na harakati za kutetea [[haki]] za wanawake na maendeleo ya jamii. Lucy J. Sprague alifariki tarehe 29 Septemba 1903 nyumbani kwake mjini Rochester, New York. Alizikwa katika Makaburi ya Mount Hope, Rochester. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1851]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1903]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] iewd92zjocmijbt5bcadtr99p9gil4k 1585233 1585154 2026-08-07T03:49:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy J. Sprague''' (aliyezaliwa Lucy Earle, mwaka 1851 – 29 Septemba 1903) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wanawake (suffragist) kutoka Rochester, New York, Marekani. Alijulikana kwa kujitolea kwake katika harakati za kupigania [[haki]] ya wanawake kupiga kura na kwa huduma yake katika [[kanisa]]. == Wasifu == Lucy J. Sprague alizaliwa mwaka 1851 huko Rochester, New York. Familia yake ilikuwa washiriki wa African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion Church), na Lucy aliendelea kushiriki kikamilifu katika [[shughuli]] za kanisa hilo maisha yake yote.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Biographical Sketch of Lucy J. Sprague|url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3975727|work=search.alexanderstreet.com|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1878, aliolewa na James Alfred Sprague, na walipata mtoto mmoja wa kiume aliyefikia utu uzima. Kanisani, Sprague alihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za kujitolea, ikiwemo kuwa mweka hazina na msimamizi wa Shule ya Jumapili kwa watoto wachanga. Yeye na mume wake walikuwa wanachama wa Susan B. Anthony Club for Colored Women, ambapo walishiriki katika kampeni za kutetea haki ya wanawake kupiga kura.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0o4DwAAQBAJ&q=lucy+sprague&pg=PT100|title=Women Will Vote: Winning Suffrage in New York State|last=Goodier|first=Susan|last2=Pastorello|first2=Karen|date=2017-09-15|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1319-4|language=en}}</ref> Lucy Sprague pia alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Hester C. Jeffrey, wakishirikiana katika shughuli za kanisa na harakati za kutetea [[haki]] za wanawake na maendeleo ya jamii. Lucy J. Sprague alifariki tarehe 29 Septemba 1903 nyumbani kwake mjini Rochester, New York. Alizikwa katika Makaburi ya Mount Hope, Rochester. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1851]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1903]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] 7sfkty4nu84smgeh8onx0uqgcblkdre 1585264 1585233 2026-08-07T04:40:38Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy J. Sprague''' (alizaliwa Lucy Earle, mwaka [[1851]] – [[29 Septemba]] [[1903]]) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wanawake (suffragist) kutoka Rochester, New York, Marekani. Alijulikana kwa kujitolea kwake katika harakati za kupigania [[haki]] ya wanawake kupiga kura na kwa huduma yake katika [[kanisa]]. == Wasifu == Lucy J. Sprague alizaliwa mwaka 1851 huko [[Rochester, New York]]. Familia yake ilikuwa washiriki wa African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion Church), na Lucy aliendelea kushiriki kikamilifu katika [[shughuli]] za kanisa hilo maisha yake yote.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Biographical Sketch of Lucy J. Sprague|url=https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3975727|work=search.alexanderstreet.com|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1878, aliolewa na James Alfred Sprague, na walipata mtoto mmoja wa kiume aliyefikia utu uzima. Kanisani, Sprague alihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za kujitolea, ikiwemo kuwa mweka hazina na msimamizi wa Shule ya Jumapili kwa watoto wachanga. Yeye na mume wake walikuwa wanachama wa Susan B. Anthony Club for Colored Women, ambapo walishiriki katika kampeni za kutetea haki ya wanawake kupiga kura.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0o4DwAAQBAJ&q=lucy+sprague&pg=PT100|title=Women Will Vote: Winning Suffrage in New York State|last=Goodier|first=Susan|last2=Pastorello|first2=Karen|date=2017-09-15|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-1319-4|language=en}}</ref> Lucy Sprague pia alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Hester C. Jeffrey, wakishirikiana katika shughuli za kanisa na harakati za kutetea [[haki]] za wanawake na maendeleo ya jamii. Lucy J. Sprague alifariki tarehe 29 Septemba 1903 nyumbani kwake mjini Rochester, New York. Alizikwa katika Makaburi ya Mount Hope, Rochester. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1851]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1903]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] liya8x5d4oh1jqf5r76q9wwkp2p98ys 0 243836 1585157 2026-08-06T19:35:35Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lucille C. Norville Perez''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1952) ni daktari kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika [[utafiti]] na kinga dhidi ya matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya pamoja na maambukizi ya VVU/UKIMWI. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lucille C. Norville Perez alipata elimu yake katika New York [[shahada]]Medical College, ambako alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Udaktari wa Tiba (M.D.) mwaka 1979. Baada ya kuhitimu, alikamilisha mafunzo ya...' 1585157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucille C. Norville Perez''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1952) ni daktari kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika [[utafiti]] na kinga dhidi ya matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya pamoja na maambukizi ya VVU/UKIMWI. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lucille C. Norville Perez alipata elimu yake katika New York [[shahada]]Medical College, ambako alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Udaktari wa Tiba (M.D.) mwaka 1979. Baada ya kuhitimu, alikamilisha mafunzo ya udaktari bingwa (residency) katika fani ya magonjwa ya watoto (Pediatrics) katika Long Island Jewish Medical Center. Pia alifanya mafunzo ya ubobezi (fellowship) katika tiba ya afya ya vijana balehe (Adolescent Medicine) katika Hospitali ya Mount Sinai (Mt. Sinai Hospital).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu:80/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu:80/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1logdao5j6iuudywfn5j2jtq2y4pkq4 1585231 1585157 2026-08-07T03:49:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucille C. Norville Perez''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1952) ni daktari kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika [[utafiti]] na kinga dhidi ya matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya pamoja na maambukizi ya VVU/UKIMWI. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lucille C. Norville Perez alipata elimu yake katika New York [[shahada]]Medical College, ambako alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Udaktari wa Tiba (M.D.) mwaka 1979. Baada ya kuhitimu, alikamilisha mafunzo ya udaktari bingwa (residency) katika fani ya magonjwa ya watoto (Pediatrics) katika Long Island Jewish Medical Center. Pia alifanya mafunzo ya ubobezi (fellowship) katika tiba ya afya ya vijana balehe (Adolescent Medicine) katika Hospitali ya Mount Sinai (Mt. Sinai Hospital).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu:80/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu:80/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8jv6j1gkevzil3fqqolkrhmbdqnyudp 1585268 1585231 2026-08-07T04:43:37Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucille C. Norville Perez''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1952]]) ni [[daktari]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika [[utafiti]] na kinga dhidi ya matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya pamoja na maambukizi ya VVU/UKIMWI. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lucille C. Norville Perez alipata elimu yake katika New York [[shahada]]Medical College, ambako alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Udaktari wa Tiba (M.D.) mwaka 1979. Baada ya kuhitimu, alikamilisha mafunzo ya udaktari bingwa (residency) katika fani ya magonjwa ya watoto (Pediatrics) katika Long Island Jewish Medical Center. Pia alifanya mafunzo ya ubobezi (fellowship) katika tiba ya afya ya vijana balehe (Adolescent Medicine) katika Hospitali ya Mount Sinai (Mt. Sinai Hospital).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu:80/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu:80/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] numnpc0dmkw23a59z0xsriydo98f1uz 0 243837 1585160 2026-08-06T19:53:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585160 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Philippe Benetton 2016-05-22.jpg|thumb|Philippe Benetton]] '''Philippe Benetton''' (alizaliwa huko Cahors [[18 Mei]] [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Kwa sasa ni [[kocha]] mkuu wa Tournon d'Agenais. Wakati wa uchezaji wake, alicheza katika nafasi ya flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele). == Maisha ya klabu == Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, Philippe Benetton alichezea [[klabu]] mbili tu: Cahors na Agen. Aliichezea Agen hadi mwaka [[2003]]. Akiwa na Agen, alishinda: * Top 14 ya Ufaransa mwaka [[1988]]. * Challenge Yves du Manoir mwaka [[1992]]. <ref>https://www.espn.com/rugby/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} n9h109odg2nuzywdqidzcs1cyyx07mt 1585274 1585160 2026-08-07T04:48:22Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Philippe Benetton 2016-05-22.jpg|thumb|Philippe Benetton]] '''Philippe Benetton''' (alizaliwa huko Cahors [[18 Mei]] [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Kwa sasa ni [[kocha]] mkuu wa Tournon d'Agenais. Wakati wa uchezaji wake, alicheza katika nafasi ya flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele). == Maisha ya klabu == Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, Philippe Benetton alichezea [[klabu]] mbili tu: Cahors na Agen. Aliichezea Agen hadi mwaka [[2003]]. Akiwa na Agen, alishinda: * Top 14 ya Ufaransa mwaka [[1988]]. * Challenge Yves du Manoir mwaka [[1992]]. <ref>https://www.espn.com/rugby/</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5g42as3yh5ws56gps3rjzclgb59rbaa 0 243838 1585161 2026-08-06T20:04:03Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lillian Brown Head''' (1921–2010) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] wa Mwafrika Mmarekani aliyefahamika kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee wa mavazi na hasa kofia za kifahari (high fashion hats). Alijulikana kwa mitindo yake ya ujasiri, ubunifu mkubwa na kazi zilizovutia watu wengi. Huko Atlanta, Georgia, Lillian Brown Head alibuni kofia kwa ajili ya ra ia wengi mashuhuri, akiwemo Bi. Ivan Allen Jr. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na mitindo yake iliyokuwa na...' 1585161 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillian Brown Head''' (1921–2010) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] wa Mwafrika Mmarekani aliyefahamika kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee wa mavazi na hasa kofia za kifahari (high fashion hats). Alijulikana kwa mitindo yake ya ujasiri, ubunifu mkubwa na kazi zilizovutia watu wengi. Huko Atlanta, Georgia, Lillian Brown Head alibuni kofia kwa ajili ya ra ia wengi mashuhuri, akiwemo Bi. Ivan Allen Jr. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na mitindo yake iliyokuwa na mada maalumu. Miongoni mwa [[kazi]] zake maarufu ni mkusanyiko wa miundo alioubuni kwa heshima ya ufunguzi wa Hyatt Regency katikati ya jiji la Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lillian B. Head Hat|url=https://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/blog/lillian-b-head-hat/|work=Atlanta History Center|date=2020-09-23|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en-US|author=Lee Sahar}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huo ulijumuisha: * Kofia iliyofanana na muundo wa ukumbi mpya wa Polaris Lounge. * Koti lililochochewa na usanifu wa jengo la Hyatt Regency. * Mkoba uliobuniwa kufanana na lifti za hoteli hiyo. Ubunifu wake ulionyesha uwezo wake wa kuunganisha mitindo ya [[mavazi]] na usanifu wa majengo kwa njia ya kipekee na ya kisanii. Baadhi ya kazi za Lillian Brown Head zimehifadhiwa katika makusanyo ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Historia na Utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika (National Museum of African American History and Culture) huko Washington, D.C., kama sehemu ya urithi wake katika historia ya mitindo na utamaduni wa Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] fcjjwwn6qzq3xc06jd2tzl1nq8gldaj 1585228 1585161 2026-08-07T03:44:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillian Brown Head''' (1921–2010) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] wa Mwafrika Mmarekani aliyefahamika kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee wa mavazi na hasa kofia za kifahari (high fashion hats). Alijulikana kwa mitindo yake ya ujasiri, ubunifu mkubwa na kazi zilizovutia watu wengi. Huko Atlanta, Georgia, Lillian Brown Head alibuni kofia kwa ajili ya ra ia wengi mashuhuri, akiwemo Bi. Ivan Allen Jr. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na mitindo yake iliyokuwa na mada maalumu. Miongoni mwa [[kazi]] zake maarufu ni mkusanyiko wa miundo alioubuni kwa heshima ya ufunguzi wa Hyatt Regency katikati ya jiji la Atlanta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lillian B. Head Hat|url=https://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/blog/lillian-b-head-hat/|work=Atlanta History Center|date=2020-09-23|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en-US|author=Lee Sahar}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huo ulijumuisha: * Kofia iliyofanana na muundo wa ukumbi mpya wa Polaris Lounge. * Koti lililochochewa na usanifu wa jengo la Hyatt Regency. * Mkoba uliobuniwa kufanana na lifti za hoteli hiyo. Ubunifu wake ulionyesha uwezo wake wa kuunganisha mitindo ya [[mavazi]] na usanifu wa majengo kwa njia ya kipekee na ya kisanii. Baadhi ya kazi za Lillian Brown Head zimehifadhiwa katika makusanyo ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Historia na Utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika (National Museum of African American History and Culture) huko Washington, D.C., kama sehemu ya urithi wake katika historia ya mitindo na utamaduni wa Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] fyiu1yhz1jxn5gsbxft9fma77xdausj 1585248 1585228 2026-08-07T04:25:30Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillian Brown Head''' (1921–2010) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]] aliyefahamika kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee wa mavazi na hasa kofia za kifahari (high fashion hats). Alijulikana kwa mitindo yake ya ujasiri, ubunifu mkubwa na kazi zilizovutia watu wengi. Huko Atlanta, Georgia, Lillian Brown Head alibuni kofia kwa ajili ya ra ia wengi mashuhuri, akiwemo Bi. Ivan Allen Jr. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na mitindo yake iliyokuwa na mada maalumu. Miongoni mwa [[kazi]] zake maarufu ni mkusanyiko wa miundo alioubuni kwa heshima ya ufunguzi wa Hyatt Regency katikati ya jiji la Atlanta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lillian B. Head Hat|url=https://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/blog/lillian-b-head-hat/|work=Atlanta History Center|date=2020-09-23|accessdate=2026-08-06|language=en-US|author=Lee Sahar}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huo ulijumuisha: * Kofia iliyofanana na muundo wa ukumbi mpya wa Polaris Lounge. * Koti lililochochewa na usanifu wa jengo la Hyatt Regency. * Mkoba uliobuniwa kufanana na lifti za hoteli hiyo. Ubunifu wake ulionyesha uwezo wake wa kuunganisha mitindo ya [[mavazi]] na usanifu wa majengo kwa njia ya kipekee na ya kisanii. Baadhi ya kazi za Lillian Brown Head zimehifadhiwa katika makusanyo ya Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Historia na Utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika (National Museum of African American History and Culture) huko Washington, D.C., kama sehemu ya urithi wake katika historia ya mitindo na utamaduni wa Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] eryxbk7y4gpy9w0tocitqntx6o4b5r0 0 243839 1585162 2026-08-06T20:07:18Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585162 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Robert Paparemborde (1971).jpg|thumb|Robert Paparemborde (1971)]] '''Robert Paparemborde''' (matamshi ya Kifaransa: [ʁɔbɛʁ papɑʁɑ̃bɔʁd]; [[5 Julai]] [[1948]] – [[18 Aprili]] [[2001]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], aliyefahamika kwa kucheza nafasi ya (prop wa upande wa kulia). Alikuwa na maisha ya uchezaji yenye mafanikio makubwa akiwa na [[klabu]] za Section Paloise na Racing Club de France, na aliiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kuanzia mwaka [[1975]] hadi [[1983]]. Paparemborde alishinda mataji matatu ya Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga akiwa na Ufaransa, yakiwemo: * Grand Slam mwaka [[1977]] * Grand Slam mwaka [[1981]] * Ubingwa wa Five Nations mwaka [[1983]] Alizingatiwa kuwa mmoja wa maprop bora zaidi [[duniani]] katika miaka ya [[1970]]. Baada ya kumaliza uchezaji wake, aliendelea kuhudumu katika nafasi muhimu kwenye raga ya Ufaransa, ikiwemo kuwa [[makamu wa rais]] wa [[Shirikisho]] la Raga la Ufaransa (FFR). <ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/3003664/Game-mourns-immovable-Paparemborde.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} tg7q3432xw8njjc4wpk0q3n509aizb1 1585267 1585162 2026-08-07T04:42:02Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Robert Paparemborde (1971).jpg|thumb|Robert Paparemborde (1971)]] '''Robert Paparemborde''' (matamshi ya Kifaransa: [ʁɔbɛʁ papɑʁɑ̃bɔʁd]; [[5 Julai]] [[1948]] – [[18 Aprili]] [[2001]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]], aliyefahamika kwa kucheza nafasi ya (prop wa upande wa kulia). Alikuwa na maisha ya uchezaji yenye mafanikio makubwa akiwa na [[klabu]] za Section Paloise na Racing Club de France, na aliiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kuanzia mwaka [[1975]] hadi [[1983]]. Paparemborde alishinda mataji matatu ya Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga akiwa na Ufaransa, yakiwemo: * Grand Slam mwaka [[1977]] * Grand Slam mwaka [[1981]] * Ubingwa wa Five Nations mwaka [[1983]] Alizingatiwa kuwa mmoja wa maprop bora zaidi [[duniani]] katika miaka ya [[1970]]. Baada ya kumaliza uchezaji wake, aliendelea kuhudumu katika nafasi muhimu kwenye raga ya Ufaransa, ikiwemo kuwa [[makamu wa rais]] wa [[Shirikisho]] la Raga la Ufaransa (FFR). <ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/3003664/Game-mourns-immovable-Paparemborde.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] qabsqm3bxg7ras90oqi6gnjuzujljse 0 243840 1585164 2026-08-06T20:24:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Armary''' (alizaliwa huko Betpouey [[24 Julai]] [[1963]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], mwenye asili ya Kiokitani. Alicheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) na pia hooker (mchezaji wa katikati ya safu ya mbele). == Maisha ya klabu == Louis Armary alitumia sehemu kubwa ya [[maisha]] yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya FC Lourdes, ambako alicheza kuanzia msimu wa [[1980]] – [[1981]] hadi [[1999]] – [[2000]]. Baada ya hapo, alitumia msimu wake wa mwisho wa uchezaji katika klabu ya Union Sportive Argelès-Gazost msimu wa 2000 – [[2001]], akiwa katika nafasi mbili za mchezaji na [[kocha]]. == Shughuli baada ya michezo == Mwezi Machi [[2015]], Louis Armary alichaguliwa, pamoja na Chantal Robin-Rodrigo, kuwa wajumbe wa Baraza la Idara ya Hautes-Pyrénées. Aliwakilisha [[Jimbo]] la La Vallée des Gaves. <ref>https://toulouse7.com/2015/04/07/lancien-international-louis-armary-siege-au-conseil-departemental-des-hautes-pyrenees/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250124225710/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/10156.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 15f5jkj6se7ehtnb914tbbkj4n2vnrg 1585269 1585164 2026-08-07T04:44:28Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Armary''' (alizaliwa huko Betpouey [[24 Julai]] [[1963]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], mwenye asili ya Kiokitani. Alicheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) na pia hooker (mchezaji wa katikati ya safu ya mbele). == Maisha ya klabu == Louis Armary alitumia sehemu kubwa ya [[maisha]] yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya FC Lourdes, ambako alicheza kuanzia msimu wa [[1980]] – [[1981]] hadi [[1999]] – [[2000]]. Baada ya hapo, alitumia msimu wake wa mwisho wa uchezaji katika klabu ya Union Sportive Argelès-Gazost msimu wa 2000 – [[2001]], akiwa katika nafasi mbili za mchezaji na [[kocha]]. == Shughuli baada ya michezo == Mwezi Machi [[2015]], Louis Armary alichaguliwa, pamoja na Chantal Robin-Rodrigo, kuwa wajumbe wa Baraza la Idara ya Hautes-Pyrénées. Aliwakilisha [[Jimbo]] la La Vallée des Gaves. <ref>https://toulouse7.com/2015/04/07/lancien-international-louis-armary-siege-au-conseil-departemental-des-hautes-pyrenees/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250124225710/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/10156.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] aowj9eo7gg584ba9cbyg7fjt1lr45ph 0 243841 1585166 2026-08-06T20:42:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585166 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Benoît Dauga (1971).jpg|thumb|Benoît Dauga (1971)]] '''Benoît Dauga''' ([[8 Mei]] [[1942]] – [[3 Novemba]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele) na pia [[namba]] 8. Dauga aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Stade Montois. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 63 kuanzia mwaka [[1964]] hadi [[1972]], akifunga tries 11 na kupata jumla ya pointi 34. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa Ufaransa mara tisa. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Ufaransa iliyoshinda: * Grand Slam katika Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1968]] * Ubingwa wa [[Mashindano]] ya [[Mataifa]] Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1967]] * Ubingwa wa Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1970]] <ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Rugby/Actualites/Benoit-dauga-ancien-capitaine-de-l-equipe-de-france-est-mort/1362839</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070327142001/http://www.ffr.fr/index.php/ffr/equipes_de_france/xv_de_france/tous_les_joueurs/dauga_benoit_19420508</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5j2lgy2ejiht2e0ye77gkpsae55m1m2 1585273 1585166 2026-08-07T04:47:25Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Benoît Dauga (1971).jpg|thumb|Benoît Dauga (1971)]] '''Benoît Dauga''' ([[8 Mei]] [[1942]] – [[3 Novemba]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele) na pia [[namba]] 8. Dauga aliichezea [[klabu]] ya Stade Montois. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 63 kuanzia mwaka [[1964]] hadi [[1972]], akifunga tries 11 na kupata jumla ya pointi 34. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa Ufaransa mara tisa. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Ufaransa iliyoshinda: * Grand Slam katika Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1968]] * Ubingwa wa [[Mashindano]] ya [[Mataifa]] Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1967]] * Ubingwa wa Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1970]] <ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Rugby/Actualites/Benoit-dauga-ancien-capitaine-de-l-equipe-de-france-est-mort/1362839</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070327142001/http://www.ffr.fr/index.php/ffr/equipes_de_france/xv_de_france/tous_les_joueurs/dauga_benoit_19420508</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942|2022}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] nk7x3je6pp4i19zrbay5vw6oi1weptq 0 243842 1585167 2026-08-06T20:53:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Trillo''' (alizaliwa [[27 Oktoba]] [[1944]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], aliyewahi kuiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]]. Alizaliwa huko Condom, Ufaransa. Trillo alikuwa mchezaji wa nafasi ya centre (kiungo wa nyuma katika raga), na alijulikana kama mlinzi mgumu. Alitumia muda wake wote wa uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya CA Bègles, ambayo alijiunga nayo mwaka [[1964]] akitokea klabu ya kwao SA Condom. Akiwa na CA Bègles, alikuwa sehemu ya timu iliyoshinda Brennus Shield msimu wa [[1968]] – [[1969]]. Katika [[fainali]] ya ushindi wa 11–9 dhidi ya [[Toulouse]], alifunga try pekee ya timu yake baada ya kukatiza pasi iliyokuwa ikilenga kumpata Jean-Louis Bérot. Trillo aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa mara 28. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa katika ziara ya Ufaransa nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] mwaka [[1967]]. Alishiriki mara mbili katika [[kampeni]] ya Grand Slam ya Ufaransa ya Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1968]]. Pia taaluma yake ilijumuisha ziara za kimataifa nchini [[Australia]] na New [[Zealand]]. <ref>https://www.sudouest.fr/sport/rugby/bordeaux-begles/jean-trillo-surprenant-dans-le-paysage-9271203.php</ref><ref>https://www.ici.fr/sports/rugby/50-ans-du-titre-de-champion-de-begles-je-lui-ai-pique-le-ballon-sous-le-nez-se-souvient-jean-trillo-1557772364</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 82g7ew0tkn7fixsesrrzfigrctwriiy 1585275 1585167 2026-08-07T04:51:15Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Trillo''' (alizaliwa [[27 Oktoba]] [[1944]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], aliyewahi kuiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]]. Alizaliwa huko Condom, Ufaransa. Trillo alikuwa mchezaji wa nafasi ya centre (kiungo wa nyuma katika raga), na alijulikana kama mlinzi mgumu. Alitumia muda wake wote wa uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya CA Bègles, ambayo alijiunga nayo mwaka [[1964]] akitokea klabu ya kwao SA Condom. Akiwa na CA Bègles, alikuwa sehemu ya timu iliyoshinda Brennus Shield msimu wa [[1968]] – [[1969]]. Katika [[fainali]] ya ushindi wa 11–9 dhidi ya [[Toulouse]], alifunga try pekee ya timu yake baada ya kukatiza pasi iliyokuwa ikilenga kumpata Jean-Louis Bérot. Trillo aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa mara 28. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa katika ziara ya Ufaransa nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] mwaka [[1967]]. Alishiriki mara mbili katika [[kampeni]] ya Grand Slam ya Ufaransa ya Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga mwaka [[1968]]. Pia taaluma yake ilijumuisha ziara za kimataifa nchini [[Australia]] na New [[Zealand]]. <ref>https://www.sudouest.fr/sport/rugby/bordeaux-begles/jean-trillo-surprenant-dans-le-paysage-9271203.php</ref><ref>https://www.ici.fr/sports/rugby/50-ans-du-titre-de-champion-de-begles-je-lui-ai-pique-le-ballon-sous-le-nez-se-souvient-jean-trillo-1557772364</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9okj5ppu7mjobqk9qp5y9mpy3fbob3s 0 243843 1585169 2026-08-06T21:06:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jacques Fouroux (1971, La Voulte).jpg|thumb|Jacques Fouroux]] '''Jacques Fouroux''' ([[24 Julai]] [[1947]] – [[17 Desemba]] [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano na [[kocha]] wa raga kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa wakati iliposhinda Grand Slam mwaka [[1977]]. Baadaye akiwa [[meneja]] wa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa, alisaidia timu hiyo kurudia mafanikio hayo kwa kushinda Grand Slam mwaka [[1981]] na [[1987]]. Kwa sababu ya umbile lake dogo na [[tabia]] yake yenye nguvu ya [[uongozi]], alipewa jina la utani "Le petit caporal", ambalo maana yake ni "Koplo Mdogo". Jina hilo lilikuwa rejea kwa jina la utani la Napoléon Bonaparte, aliyekuwa akiitwa pia "The Little Corporal" (Koplo Mdogo). <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/sport/article/2005/12/18/deces-de-jaques-fouroux-ex-capitaine-et-entraineur-du-xv-de-france_722680_3242.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} s3jz06kwnvhq4fa7osqd3yjpfkiskjw 1585276 1585169 2026-08-07T04:52:33Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jacques Fouroux (1971, La Voulte).jpg|thumb|Jacques Fouroux]] '''Jacques Fouroux''' ([[24 Julai]] [[1947]] – [[17 Desemba]] [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano na [[kocha]] wa raga kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa wakati iliposhinda Grand Slam mwaka [[1977]]. Baadaye akiwa [[meneja]] wa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa, alisaidia timu hiyo kurudia mafanikio hayo kwa kushinda Grand Slam mwaka [[1981]] na [[1987]]. Kwa sababu ya umbile lake dogo na [[tabia]] yake yenye nguvu ya [[uongozi]], alipewa jina la utani "Le petit caporal", ambalo maana yake ni "Koplo Mdogo". Jina hilo lilikuwa rejea kwa jina la utani la Napoléon Bonaparte, aliyekuwa akiitwa pia "The Little Corporal" (Koplo Mdogo). <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/sport/article/2005/12/18/deces-de-jaques-fouroux-ex-capitaine-et-entraineur-du-xv-de-france_722680_3242.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|2005}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] 700c2u60j2qdt0470hkr2dcv94ljr48 0 243844 1585171 2026-08-06T21:13:52Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Msanii muziki | rangi = Khaki | jina = Godfrey William Tumaini | picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Dudu Baya | jina la kisanii = Dudu Baya, Mamba 24, Konki Master, Double G | alizaliwa = [[1974]] | alikufa = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | aina ya muziki = [[Bongo Fleva]], [[Hip Hop]] | kazi yake = [[Mwanamuziki]], [[Rapa]] | miaka ya kazi = [[1998]] - sasa...' 1585171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki | rangi = Khaki | jina = Godfrey William Tumaini | picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Dudu Baya | jina la kisanii = Dudu Baya, Mamba 24, Konki Master, Double G | alizaliwa = [[1974]] | alikufa = | nchi = [[Tanzania]] | aina ya muziki = [[Bongo Fleva]], [[Hip Hop]] | kazi yake = [[Mwanamuziki]], [[Rapa]] | miaka ya kazi = [[1998]] - sasa | ameshirikiana na = [[Master Jay|Master J]], [[Sugu (mwanamuziki)|Sugu]], [[Afande Sele]], [[Rayvanny]] n.k. | ala = | kampuni = |Daughter= [[Konki Maria]] |jina kamili= Godfrey William Tumaini}} '''Godfrey Tumaini''' (anajulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii kama '''Dudu Baya''', pia '''Mamba 24''' au '''Konki Master'''; alizaliwa [[1974]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] na [[rapa]] wa muziki wa [[Bongo Fleva]] na [[hip hop]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Ni mmoja wa wanamuziki waanzilishi walioweka misingi ya muziki wa kizazi kipya nchini Tanzania mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000.<ref name="bongocinema">{{cite web|title=Dudu Baya a.k.a Godfrey Tumaini|url=https://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/dudu-baya-a.k.a-godfrey-tumaini|publisher=BongoCinema|accessdate=6 Agosti 2026}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Godfrey Tumaini alizaliwa jijini [[Mwanza]], akiwa mtoto wa kwanza kati ya watoto 13 wa Mzee Tumaini.<ref name="global2020">{{cite news|title=Dudu Baya Hajulikani Alipo Siku 60 Sasa!|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2020/10/15/dudu-baya-hajulikani-alipo-siku-60-sasa/|publisher=Global Publishers|date=15 Oktoba 2020|accessdate=6 Agosti 2026}}</ref> Katika utoto wake, alikuwa akishiriki kuimba nyimbo za [[Injili]] kanisani. Mnamo 1997, alielekea mkoani [[Morogoro]] kwa nia ya kujiunga na chuo cha dini ili kuwa padre, lakini baadaye aliacha masomo hayo na kuanza kujifunza usanifu majengo huku akianza kujihusisha na muziki wa hip hop na kutumbuiza kwenye klabu za usiku kama Mango Garden mjini Morogoro.<ref name="mzuka">{{cite web|title=Dudu Baya Profile|url=https://mzuka.wordpress.com/artist-profile/dudubaya/|publisher=Mzuka Records|date=18 Agosti 2009|accessdate=6 Agosti 2026}}</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Dudu Baya alianza kazi yake ya muziki akitumia jina la kisanii la "Double G" (Godfrey Gangster) kabla ya kubadili na kuwa Dudu Baya.<ref name="bongocinema"/> Alihamia jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] na kurekodi wimbo wake wa kwanza uliokwenda kwa jina la "Mwanangu Huna Nidhamu" katika studio za MJ Records chini ya mtayarishaji [[Master Jay]].<ref name="mzuka"/> Wimbo huo ulimpatia umaarufu mkubwa katika ukanda wa [[Afrika Mashariki]] kutokana na ujumbe wake wa kijamii uliogusa malezi na mahusiano ya kifamilia. Baadaye alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyoitwa ''Ni Saa Ya Kufa Kwangu'', iliyobeba nyimbo zilizozungumzia janga la [[Ukimwi|UKIMWI]] na mtindo wa maisha ya vijana, ikiwemo wimbo wa "Dege La Jeshi".<ref name="mzuka"/> Mwaka 2001, alitoa albamu yake ya pili ya ''Amri Kumi za Mungu'' iliyokuwa na nyimbo maarufu kama "Tupa Mawe" na "Kunguru Hafugiki".<ref name="global2020"/> Katika miaka iliyofuata, Dudu Baya alitoa nyimbo nyingine zilizotamba kwenye chati za redio ikiwemo "Nakupenda Tu" (2002), "Nakupenda Mpenzi", "Kurusumu", "Sikutaka", "Mpangaji", "Ruka Ruka", na "Nimondoca".<ref name="mzuka"/> Mtindo wake wa uimbaji na urekodi wa nyimbo zake ulimfanya kufanya ziara mbalimbali za kimuziki nchini Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref name="global2020"/> == Albamu == * ''Ni Saa Ya Kufa Kwangu'' (2000) * ''Amri Kumi za Mungu'' (2001) == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Bongo Fleva]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Tanzania]] 616fbwbit0mihaw5yqzy2enoj7fe9mv 0 243845 1585172 2026-08-06T21:46:53Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.c...' 1585172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Tarehe 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye kombe la DFB-Pokal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na pasi 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa euro milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] 4l0hgmboea8zlkkcyjxyec0wcefgqov 1585175 1585172 2026-08-06T22:01:15Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Yan Diomande |picha = [[Faili:Yan Diomande Cote D'Ivoire v Ecuador 14 June 2026-17 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Yan Diomande |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|2006|11|14|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Abidjan]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Kodivaa]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Winga]] |klabuyasasa = [[Real Madrid]] |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 2022–2024 |Timuzaujana = [[DME Academy]] |years1 = 2023 |clubs1 = AS Frenzi |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2025 |clubs2 = CD Leganés B |caps2 = 3 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2025 |clubs3 = CD Leganés |caps3 = 10 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2025–2026 |clubs4 = RB Leipzig |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 12 |years5 = 2026– |clubs5 = Real Madrid |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2022 |nationalteam1 = Kodivaa U17 |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = Kodivaa U23 |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2025– |nationalteam3 = Kodivaa |nationalcaps3 = 14 |nationalgoals3 = 3 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 16 Mei 2026 |nationalteam-update = 30 Juni 2026 }} '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Tarehe 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye kombe la DFB-Pokal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na pasi 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa euro milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] obths33zhzrc53csrq46r0gsms8t2h4 1585176 1585175 2026-08-06T22:02:26Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Protected "[[Yan Diomande]]" ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho) [Kuhamisha=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho)) 1585175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Yan Diomande |picha = [[Faili:Yan Diomande Cote D'Ivoire v Ecuador 14 June 2026-17 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Yan Diomande |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|2006|11|14|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Abidjan]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Kodivaa]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Winga]] |klabuyasasa = [[Real Madrid]] |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 2022–2024 |Timuzaujana = [[DME Academy]] |years1 = 2023 |clubs1 = AS Frenzi |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2025 |clubs2 = CD Leganés B |caps2 = 3 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2025 |clubs3 = CD Leganés |caps3 = 10 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2025–2026 |clubs4 = RB Leipzig |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 12 |years5 = 2026– |clubs5 = Real Madrid |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2022 |nationalteam1 = Kodivaa U17 |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = Kodivaa U23 |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2025– |nationalteam3 = Kodivaa |nationalcaps3 = 14 |nationalgoals3 = 3 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 16 Mei 2026 |nationalteam-update = 30 Juni 2026 }} '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Tarehe 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye kombe la DFB-Pokal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na pasi 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa euro milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] obths33zhzrc53csrq46r0gsms8t2h4 1585186 1585176 2026-08-06T23:21:19Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Kazi ya kimataifa */ 1585186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Yan Diomande |picha = [[Faili:Yan Diomande Cote D'Ivoire v Ecuador 14 June 2026-17 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Yan Diomande |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|2006|11|14|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Abidjan]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Kodivaa]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Winga]] |klabuyasasa = [[Real Madrid]] |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 2022–2024 |Timuzaujana = [[DME Academy]] |years1 = 2023 |clubs1 = AS Frenzi |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2025 |clubs2 = CD Leganés B |caps2 = 3 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2025 |clubs3 = CD Leganés |caps3 = 10 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2025 – 2026 |clubs4 = RB Leipzig |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 12 |years5 = 2026 – 2033 |clubs5 = Real Madrid |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2022 |nationalteam1 = Kodivaa U17 |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = Kodivaa U23 |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2025– |nationalteam3 = Kodivaa |nationalcaps3 = 14 |nationalgoals3 = 3 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 16 Mei 2026 |nationalteam-update = 30 Juni 2026 }} '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Mnamo 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye mashindano ya [[Kombe la DFB-Pokal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na asisti 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] 2loutp7n7n7qhcyy4psyhe4zvcbvfxw 1585187 1585186 2026-08-06T23:23:03Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 1585187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Yan Diomande |picha = [[Faili:Yan Diomande Cote D'Ivoire v Ecuador 14 June 2026-17 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Yan Diomande |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|2006|11|14|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Abidjan]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Kodivaa]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Winga]] |klabuyasasa = [[Real Madrid]] |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 2022–2024 |Timuzaujana = [[DME Academy]] |years1 = 2023 |clubs1 = AS Frenzi |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2025 |clubs2 = CD Leganés B |caps2 = 3 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2025 |clubs3 = CD Leganés |caps3 = 10 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2025 – 2026 |clubs4 = RB Leipzig |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 12 |years5 = 2026 |clubs5 = Real Madrid |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2022 |nationalteam1 = Kodivaa U17 |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = Kodivaa U23 |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2025– |nationalteam3 = Kodivaa |nationalcaps3 = 14 |nationalgoals3 = 3 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 16 Mei 2026 |nationalteam-update = 30 Juni 2026 }} '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Mnamo 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye mashindano ya [[Kombe la DFB-Pokal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na asisti 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] 1wi09pfxytndm18wkl4qxit0frwz83w 1585188 1585187 2026-08-06T23:24:58Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Tengua pitio [[Special:Diff/1585187|1585187]] lililoandikwa na [[Special:Contributions/Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[User talk:Anuary Rajabu|Majadiliano]]) 1585188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Yan Diomande |picha = [[Faili:Yan Diomande Cote D'Ivoire v Ecuador 14 June 2026-17 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Yan Diomande |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|2006|11|14|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Abidjan]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Kodivaa]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Winga]] |klabuyasasa = [[Real Madrid]] |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 2022–2024 |Timuzaujana = [[DME Academy]] |years1 = 2023 |clubs1 = AS Frenzi |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2025 |clubs2 = CD Leganés B |caps2 = 3 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2025 |clubs3 = CD Leganés |caps3 = 10 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2025 – 2026 |clubs4 = RB Leipzig |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 12 |years5 = 2026 – 2033 |clubs5 = Real Madrid |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2022 |nationalteam1 = Kodivaa U17 |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = Kodivaa U23 |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2025– |nationalteam3 = Kodivaa |nationalcaps3 = 14 |nationalgoals3 = 3 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 16 Mei 2026 |nationalteam-update = 30 Juni 2026 }} '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Mnamo 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye mashindano ya [[Kombe la DFB-Pokal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na asisti 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] 2loutp7n7n7qhcyy4psyhe4zvcbvfxw 1585432 1585188 2026-08-07T11:35:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Yan Diomande |picha = [[Faili:Yan Diomande Cote D'Ivoire v Ecuador 14 June 2026-17 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Yan Diomande |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|2006|11|14|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Abidjan]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Kodivaa]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Winga]] |klabuyasasa = [[Real Madrid]] |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 2022–2024 |Timuzaujana = [[DME Academy]] |years1 = 2023 |clubs1 = AS Frenzi |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2025 |clubs2 = CD Leganés B |caps2 = 3 |goals2 = 0 |years3 = 2025 |clubs3 = CD Leganés |caps3 = 10 |goals3 = 2 |years4 = 2025 – 2026 |clubs4 = RB Leipzig |caps4 = 33 |goals4 = 12 |years5 = 2026 – 2033 |clubs5 = Real Madrid |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2022 |nationalteam1 = Kodivaa U17 |nationalcaps1 = 1 |nationalgoals1 = 1 |nationalyears2 = 2025– |nationalteam2 = Kodivaa U23 |nationalcaps2 = 1 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2025– |nationalteam3 = Kodivaa |nationalcaps3 = 14 |nationalgoals3 = 3 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 16 Mei 2026 |nationalteam-update = 30 Juni 2026 }} '''Yan Diomande''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]] [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kodivaa]] anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya nchini [[Hispania]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Kodivaa. == Maisha ya awali == Diomande alizaliwa jijini [[Abidjan]], na alihamia nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 ambapo alijiunga na chuo cha michezo cha DME Academy mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-players-that-dominated/|title=DME’s Yan Diomande Named to ’23 Male Players That Dominated 2023′|publisher=DME Academy|date=27 December 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Pia Diomande ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.lattaquant.com/voici-pourquoi-evan-ndicka-a-dit-oui-a-la-cote-divoire-et-non-au-cameroun/|title=Voici pourquoi Yan Diomande a dit " oui " à la Côte d'Ivoire et " non " à la France|date=7 June 2023}}</ref> Akiwa klabuni hapo, alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa STARI kwa mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-stari-poy/|title=Yan Diomande Named STARI Player of the Year|publisher=DME Academy|date=7 September 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake === Mwaka 2023, Diomande aliichezea klabu ya AS Frenzi katika Ligi Kuu ya United Premier Soccer League, ambapo aliisaidia timu hiyo kutwaa ubingwa wa ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dmeacademy.com/diomande-as-frenzi-title/|title=ICYMI: Diomande Leads AS Frenzi to 2023 UPSL Title|publisher=DME Academy|date=16 August 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo huo, alikwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu ya Rangers F.C ya nchini [[Uskoti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibroxnews.com/2023/10/08/rangers-news-as-ivory-coast-sensation-yan-diomande-arrives-on-trial/|title=Rangers news as Ivory Coast sensation Yan Diomande arrives on trial|publisher=Ibrox News|date=8 October 2023|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> lakini hakufanikiwa kusaini mkataba na alirejea nchini Marekani. === Leganés === Mnamo [[27 Novemba]] 2024, Diomande alifikia makubaliano na klabu ya CD Leganés inayoshiriki [[La Liga]] nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/noticias/el-cd-leganes-incorpora-al-atacante-costamarfileno-yan-diomande-de-18-anos-de-edad|title=El C.D. Leganés incorpora al atacante costamarfileño Yan Diomande, de 18 años de edad|publisher=CD Leganés|language=es|date=27 November 2024|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> na kujiunga nayo rasmi mwezi Januari 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://premier.upsl.com/former-upsl-national-finals-mvp-yan-diomande-has-joined-la-liga-side-cd-leganes/|title=Former UPSL National Finals MVP Yan Diomande Has Joined La Liga side CD Leganes|publisher=United Premier Soccer League|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Hapo awali alianzia katika timu ya akiba ya Leganés B, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[29 Machi]] 2025, akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Juan Cruz katika mchezo uliomalizika kwa kufungwa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Real Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/mbappe-salva-un-mal-dia-n/|title=Mbappé salva un mal día|publisher=Diario AS|language=es|date=29 March 2025|accessdate=31 March 2025}}</ref> Diomande alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma mnamo 11 Mei 2025, katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/705006/espanyol-leganes |title=Leganés 3–2 Espanyol |publisher=ESPN |date=11 May 2025 }}</ref> === RB Leipzig === Mnamo 16 Julai 2025, Diomande alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na klabu ya [[RB Leipzig]] inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Ujerumani ([[Bundesliga]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/rb-leipzig-sign-laliga-prospect-yan-diomande-transfer-new-signing-2025-26-season|title=RB Leipzig sign highly rated winger Yan Diomande from LaLiga|publisher=RB Leipzig|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> baada ya klabu hiyo kulipa kipengele cha kuvunja mkataba wake cha euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdleganes.com/en/news/yan-diomande-transferred-to-rb-leipzig|title=Yan Diomande transferred to RB Leipzig|publisher=CD Leganés|date=16 July 2025|accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref> Mnamo 16 Agosti, alifunga bao lake la kwanza klabuni hapo katika ushindi wa mabao 4–2 dhidi ya SV Sandhausen kwenye mashindano ya [[Kombe la DFB-Pokal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rbleipzig.com/de/news/liveticker-sv-sandhausen-rb-leipzig-dfb-pokal-1-runde-saison-2025-26-am-16-august-2025 |title=RBL erkämpft sich Pokalerfolg beim SV Sandhausen |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de |date=16 August 2025 }}</ref> Tarehe 6 Desemba, alifunga mabao matatu (hat-trick) katika ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Eintracht Frankfurt, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili mdogo zaidi kufunga hat-trick katika historia ya Bundesliga.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rb-leipzig-eintracht-frankfurt-match-report-highlights-matchday-13-35095 |title=Yan Diomande hat-trick powers RB Leipzig to 6–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt |publisher=Bundesliga |date=6 December 2025 }}</ref> Alimaliza msimu wa 2025–26 akiwa na mabao 12 na asisti 9 za mabao. === Real Madrid === Mnamo 6 Agosti 2026, Diomande alirejea La Liga baada ya kusaini mkataba wa kujiunga na Real Madrid hadi mwaka 2033.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Official Announcement: Diomande|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/announcements/comunicado-oficial-diomande-06-08-2026|publisher=Real Madrid CF|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Ada ya usajili wake iliripotiwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 125, na inaweza kufikia euro milioni 140 pamoja meza ya bonasi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cortegana|first1=Mario|last2=Stafford-Bloor|first2=Sebastian|title=Real Madrid complete €140m Yan Diomande transfer from RB Leipzig on seven-year deal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7483871/2026/08/05/yan-diomande-real-madrid-transfer-news/|publisher=The Athletic|date=6 August 2026|access-date=6 August 2026}}</ref> Usajili huo ulimfanya kuwa mchezaji ghali zaidi kusajiliwa katika historia ya Real Madrid, pamoja na kuvunja rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa Afrika ghali zaidi katika historia ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Conway |first=Elizabeth |last2=Coates |first2=Charlotte |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4g3906pz65o |title=Real Madrid sign Diomande from RB Leipzig |publisher=BBC Sport |date=6 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe 27 Mei 2025, Diomande aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Kodivaa ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://mondialsport.ci/amical-u23-issa-fofana-abakar-sylla-malick-yalcouye-richard-kone-la-liste-des-elephanteaux-face-a-la-hollande-28847.sport|title=Amical U23: Issa Fofana, Abakar Sylla, Malick Yalcouyé, Richard Koné, … la liste des Eléphanteaux face à la Hollande|date=24 May 2025|website=Mondialsport.ci|language=fr}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha timu ya wakubwa kilichocheza [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] la 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/topnews/24771-yan-diomande-could-be-breakout-star-afcon|title=Yan Diomande could be the breakout star of the AFCON|date=24 December 2025|website=FotMob|access-date=11 April 2026}}</ref> Tarehe 15 Mei 2026, alichaguliwa kwenye kikosi cha wachezaji 26 walioshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 June 2026 |date=15 May 2026 |language=fr |title=La liste de la Côte d'Ivoire pour la Coupe du Monde 2026 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fr/articles/liste-cote-d-ivoire-coupe-du-monde-2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Katika mechi ya ufunguzi dhidi ya [[Ecuador]], alikuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi hiyo, na pia akawa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuiwakilisha Kodivaa katika Kombe la Dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 na siku 212.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/cote-d-ivoire-ecuador-highlights-match-report |title=Amad strikes late to clinch dramatic Côte d'Ivoire win |publisher=FIFA |date=15 June 2026 }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa Bundesliga: 2025–26<ref>{{cite news|title=Yan Diomande named 2025/26 Bundesliga Rookie of the Season!|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/rookie-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-sorare-34232|date=18 May 2026|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Bundesliga: Aprili 2026<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundesliga Player of the Month|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/player-of-the-month-2025-26-vote-winners-ea-sports-34233|access-date=18 May 2026|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2006]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Real Madrid]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Cote d'Ivoire]] t4v3lv5sr4d09pq6q3epvkns4fhjrfr 14 243846 1585173 2026-08-06T21:47:46Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '==Orodha katika jamii ya wachezaji wa klabu ya Real Madrid==' 1585173 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Orodha katika jamii ya wachezaji wa klabu ya Real Madrid== e48ll4rv679frczwdi5xi6nrqs5tthg 1585324 1585173 2026-08-07T06:40:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[jamii:Wachezaji mpira]] [[jamii:Real Madrid]] du1cmvliwmo889t21ynvymzqpeoi1t6 1585328 1585324 2026-08-07T06:45:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[jamii:Wachezaji Mpira kilabu kwa kilabu]] [[jamii:Real Madrid]] m1m57ujv8yoxam575tysmvn7p1uyd7a 1585329 1585328 2026-08-07T06:46:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[jamii:Wachezaji Mpira kilabu kwa kilabu|R]] [[jamii:Real Madrid]] 61ta3hbww9fdmqn22c5n5ymzdkrgv1u 0 243847 1585204 2026-08-07T02:12:41Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gwen Gardner''' (aliyezaliwa 7 Septemba 1960) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika mbio za mita 400. Ni Mwafrika Mmarekani aliyekulia katika jiji la Los Angeles, California. Wakati wa masomo yake ya [[chuo]] kikuu, Gardner aliwakilisha timu ya UNLV Rebels, ambapo alikuwa mmoja wa wakimbiaji bora wa mbio fupi katikati ya miaka ya 1980.<ref>{{Citation|title=Outdoor Individual Records|url=http://www.unlvrebels.com/sports/w-track/archive/05...' 1585204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gwen Gardner''' (aliyezaliwa 7 Septemba 1960) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika mbio za mita 400. Ni Mwafrika Mmarekani aliyekulia katika jiji la Los Angeles, California. Wakati wa masomo yake ya [[chuo]] kikuu, Gardner aliwakilisha timu ya UNLV Rebels, ambapo alikuwa mmoja wa wakimbiaji bora wa mbio fupi katikati ya miaka ya 1980.<ref>{{Citation|title=Outdoor Individual Records|url=http://www.unlvrebels.com/sports/w-track/archive/053198aah.html|language=en|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1980, Gardner alionekana kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha muhimu wa [[timu]] ya riadha ya Marekani baada ya kushika nafasi ya pili nyuma ya Sherri Howard katika mbio za mita 400 kwenye mashindano ya kufuzu kwa Olimpiki ya Marekani (United States Olympic Trials). Hata hivyo, Marekani ilisusia Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1980 iliyofanyika mjini Moscow, hivyo Gardner hakupata nafasi ya kushiriki mashindano hayo. Badala yake, mataifa yaliyosusia [[Olimpiki]] yaliandaa mashindano yaliyoitwa Liberty Bell Classic. Katika mashindano hayo, Gwen Gardner alishinda mbio za mita 400 kwa muda wa sekunde 52.04, akimshinda mwanariadha wa Kanada Charmaine Crooks. Mwaka huohuo wa 1980, Gardner pia alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwenye mbio za mita 400 katika Mashindano ya Kitaifa ya Riadha ya Marekani (USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Track and Field Statistics|url=http://trackfield.brinkster.net/Profile.asp?ID=4722&Gender=W|work=trackfield.brinkster.net|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Kwa kutambua athari ya kususia Olimpiki kwa wanariadha, Gardner alikuwa miongoni mwa wanariadha 461 wa Olimpiki waliotunukiwa Nishani ya Dhahabu ya Bunge la Marekani (Congressional Gold Medal) kwa [[heshima]] ya kujitolea na mafanikio yao katika [[michezo]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] kn229x1g1migvfchldxfebedvi4f4cr 1585249 1585204 2026-08-07T04:27:12Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gwen Gardner''' (alizaliwa [[7 Septemba]] [[1960]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika mbio za mita 400. Ana asili ya [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]] aliyekulia katika [[California|jiji la Los Angeles, California.]] Wakati wa masomo yake ya [[chuo]] kikuu, Gardner aliwakilisha timu ya UNLV Rebels, ambapo alikuwa mmoja wa wakimbiaji bora wa mbio fupi katikati ya miaka ya 1980.<ref>{{Citation|title=Outdoor Individual Records|url=http://www.unlvrebels.com/sports/w-track/archive/053198aah.html|language=en|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1980, Gardner alionekana kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha muhimu wa [[timu]] ya riadha ya Marekani baada ya kushika nafasi ya pili nyuma ya Sherri Howard katika mbio za mita 400 kwenye mashindano ya kufuzu kwa Olimpiki ya Marekani (United States Olympic Trials). Hata hivyo, Marekani ilisusia Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1980 iliyofanyika mjini Moscow, hivyo Gardner hakupata nafasi ya kushiriki mashindano hayo. Badala yake, mataifa yaliyosusia [[Olimpiki]] yaliandaa mashindano yaliyoitwa Liberty Bell Classic. Katika mashindano hayo, Gwen Gardner alishinda mbio za mita 400 kwa muda wa sekunde 52.04, akimshinda mwanariadha wa Kanada Charmaine Crooks. Mwaka huohuo wa 1980, Gardner pia alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwenye mbio za mita 400 katika Mashindano ya Kitaifa ya Riadha ya Marekani (USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Track and Field Statistics|url=http://trackfield.brinkster.net/Profile.asp?ID=4722&Gender=W|work=trackfield.brinkster.net|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Kwa kutambua athari ya kususia Olimpiki kwa wanariadha, Gardner alikuwa miongoni mwa wanariadha 461 wa Olimpiki waliotunukiwa Nishani ya Dhahabu ya Bunge la Marekani (Congressional Gold Medal) kwa [[heshima]] ya kujitolea na mafanikio yao katika [[michezo]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] izi06upssyoil5tmnisz94y4cl8qewj 1585349 1585249 2026-08-07T08:06:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gwen Gardner''' (alizaliwa [[7 Septemba]] [[1960]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika mbio za mita 400. Ana asili ya [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]] aliyekulia katika [[California|jiji la Los Angeles, California.]] Wakati wa masomo yake ya [[chuo]] kikuu, Gardner aliwakilisha timu ya UNLV Rebels, ambapo alikuwa mmoja wa wakimbiaji bora wa mbio fupi katikati ya miaka ya 1980.<ref>{{Citation|title=Outdoor Individual Records|url=http://www.unlvrebels.com/sports/w-track/archive/053198aah.html|language=en|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1980, Gardner alionekana kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha muhimu wa [[timu]] ya riadha ya Marekani baada ya kushika nafasi ya pili nyuma ya Sherri Howard katika mbio za mita 400 kwenye mashindano ya kufuzu kwa Olimpiki ya Marekani (United States Olympic Trials). Hata hivyo, Marekani ilisusia Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1980 iliyofanyika mjini Moscow, hivyo Gardner hakupata nafasi ya kushiriki mashindano hayo. Badala yake, mataifa yaliyosusia [[Olimpiki]] yaliandaa mashindano yaliyoitwa Liberty Bell Classic. Katika mashindano hayo, Gwen Gardner alishinda mbio za mita 400 kwa muda wa sekunde 52.04, akimshinda mwanariadha wa Kanada Charmaine Crooks. Mwaka huohuo wa 1980, Gardner pia alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwenye mbio za mita 400 katika Mashindano ya Kitaifa ya Riadha ya Marekani (USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Track and Field Statistics|url=http://trackfield.brinkster.net/Profile.asp?ID=4722&Gender=W|work=trackfield.brinkster.net|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Kwa kutambua athari ya kususia Olimpiki kwa wanariadha, Gardner alikuwa miongoni mwa wanariadha 461 wa Olimpiki waliotunukiwa Nishani ya Dhahabu ya Bunge la Marekani (Congressional Gold Medal) kwa [[heshima]] ya kujitolea na mafanikio yao katika [[michezo]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] h6a8qailjvlwe0c6d9bi43umvccdf79 0 243848 1585205 2026-08-07T02:19:53Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Francis M. Kneeland''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1873) alikuwa daktari wa [[Marekani]] na mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza wenye asili ya Afrika kufanya kazi ya udaktari mjini Memphis, Tennessee. Alikuwa na kliniki yake katika Beale Street, eneo lililokuwa maarufu kwa [[biashara]] na utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika. == Wasifu == Francis M. Kneeland alizaliwa mwaka 1873 huko Memphis, Tennessee. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Francis Kneeland – Forgotten Hero|url=https...' 1585205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis M. Kneeland''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1873) alikuwa daktari wa [[Marekani]] na mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza wenye asili ya Afrika kufanya kazi ya udaktari mjini Memphis, Tennessee. Alikuwa na kliniki yake katika Beale Street, eneo lililokuwa maarufu kwa [[biashara]] na utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika. == Wasifu == Francis M. Kneeland alizaliwa mwaka 1873 huko Memphis, Tennessee. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Francis Kneeland – Forgotten Hero|url=https://ourmemphishistory.com/dr-francis-kneeland-forgotten-hero/|work=Our Memphis History|date=2018-09-26|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US}}</ref>Akiwa bado mdogo, alipoteza wazazi wake na kuwa yatima. Hata hivyo, aliendelea kuishi na familia yake na alisaidia kuwalea ndugu zake wadogo. Mwaka 1898, alihitimu kwa heshima katika Meharry Medical College, chuo cha tiba kilichoanzishwa kwa ajili ya kutoa [[elimu]] ya udaktari kwa Waafrika Waamerika. Kufikia mwaka 1907, Kneeland alikuwa ameanzisha kliniki yake katika Beale Street mjini Memphis. Wakati huo alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wachache wenye asili ya Afrika waliokuwa wakifanya kazi ya udaktari katika jiji hilo. Mbali na kazi yake ya tiba, Kneeland alifanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha West Tennessee (University of West Tennessee), ambapo mwaka 1923 alikuwa mwalimu mkuu wa programu ya uuguzi. Kupitia nafasi hiyo, alichangia katika kuwafundisha na kuwaandaa wauguzi wapya. Pia alijihusisha na kuwasaidia watoto na [[vijana]] waliokuwa wamejihusisha na uhalifu wa utotoni pamoja na wasichana waliokuwa wanaishi katika umaskini. Vijana hao walitumwa kwake na Jaji Camille Kelley wa Mahakama ya Watoto, ambapo Kneeland aliwasaidia katika mchakato wa marekebisho na kuwajengea [[maisha]] bora. Mbali na taaluma yake, Francis M. Kneeland alikuwa mshiriki hai wa Kanisa la Baptist,<ref>{{Citation|title=Article clipped from The Tennessean|date=1902-07-18|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean/45632708/|work=The Tennessean|pages=2|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> akihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi wa kanisa. Katika miaka ya baadaye ya maisha yake, alihamia Chicago kuishi pamoja na ndugu zake. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1873]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] tddx1chp2p9x0ohzipn7ed6ytkzahw4 1585251 1585205 2026-08-07T04:28:29Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis M. Kneeland''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1873]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza wenye asili ya [[Afrika]] kufanya kazi ya udaktari [[Memphis, Tennessee|mjini Memphis, Tennessee]]. Alikuwa na kliniki yake katika Beale Street, eneo lililokuwa maarufu kwa [[biashara]] na utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika. == Wasifu == Francis M. Kneeland alizaliwa mwaka 1873 huko Memphis, Tennessee. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Francis Kneeland – Forgotten Hero|url=https://ourmemphishistory.com/dr-francis-kneeland-forgotten-hero/|work=Our Memphis History|date=2018-09-26|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US}}</ref>Akiwa bado mdogo, alipoteza wazazi wake na kuwa yatima. Hata hivyo, aliendelea kuishi na familia yake na alisaidia kuwalea ndugu zake wadogo. Mwaka 1898, alihitimu kwa heshima katika Meharry Medical College, chuo cha tiba kilichoanzishwa kwa ajili ya kutoa [[elimu]] ya udaktari kwa Waafrika Waamerika. Kufikia mwaka 1907, Kneeland alikuwa ameanzisha kliniki yake katika Beale Street mjini Memphis. Wakati huo alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wachache wenye asili ya Afrika waliokuwa wakifanya kazi ya udaktari katika jiji hilo. Mbali na kazi yake ya tiba, Kneeland alifanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha West Tennessee (University of West Tennessee), ambapo mwaka 1923 alikuwa mwalimu mkuu wa programu ya uuguzi. Kupitia nafasi hiyo, alichangia katika kuwafundisha na kuwaandaa wauguzi wapya. Pia alijihusisha na kuwasaidia watoto na [[vijana]] waliokuwa wamejihusisha na uhalifu wa utotoni pamoja na wasichana waliokuwa wanaishi katika umaskini. Vijana hao walitumwa kwake na Jaji Camille Kelley wa Mahakama ya Watoto, ambapo Kneeland aliwasaidia katika mchakato wa marekebisho na kuwajengea [[maisha]] bora. Mbali na taaluma yake, Francis M. Kneeland alikuwa mshiriki hai wa Kanisa la Baptist,<ref>{{Citation|title=Article clipped from The Tennessean|date=1902-07-18|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean/45632708/|work=The Tennessean|pages=2|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> akihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi wa kanisa. Katika miaka ya baadaye ya maisha yake, alihamia Chicago kuishi pamoja na ndugu zake. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1873]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] 722s7z1gzzmti03tl32irjqxsjeh6kv 1585347 1585251 2026-08-07T07:57:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis M. Kneeland''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1873]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mmoja wa wanawake wa kwanza wenye asili ya [[Afrika]] kufanya kazi ya udaktari [[Memphis, Tennessee|mjini Memphis, Tennessee]]. Alikuwa na kliniki yake katika Beale Street, eneo lililokuwa maarufu kwa [[biashara]] na utamaduni wa Waafrika Waamerika. == Wasifu == Francis M. Kneeland alizaliwa mwaka 1873 huko Memphis, Tennessee. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Francis Kneeland – Forgotten Hero|url=https://ourmemphishistory.com/dr-francis-kneeland-forgotten-hero/|work=Our Memphis History|date=2018-09-26|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US}}</ref>Akiwa bado mdogo, alipoteza wazazi wake na kuwa yatima. Hata hivyo, aliendelea kuishi na familia yake na alisaidia kuwalea ndugu zake wadogo. Mwaka 1898, alihitimu kwa heshima katika Meharry Medical College, chuo cha tiba kilichoanzishwa kwa ajili ya kutoa [[elimu]] ya udaktari kwa Waafrika Waamerika. Kufikia mwaka 1907, Kneeland alikuwa ameanzisha kliniki yake katika Beale Street mjini Memphis. Wakati huo alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake wachache wenye asili ya Afrika waliokuwa wakifanya kazi ya udaktari katika jiji hilo. Mbali na kazi yake ya tiba, Kneeland alifanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha West Tennessee (University of West Tennessee), ambapo mwaka 1923 alikuwa mwalimu mkuu wa programu ya uuguzi. Kupitia nafasi hiyo, alichangia katika kuwafundisha na kuwaandaa wauguzi wapya. Pia alijihusisha na kuwasaidia watoto na [[vijana]] waliokuwa wamejihusisha na uhalifu wa utotoni pamoja na wasichana waliokuwa wanaishi katika umaskini. Vijana hao walitumwa kwake na Jaji Camille Kelley wa Mahakama ya Watoto, ambapo Kneeland aliwasaidia katika mchakato wa marekebisho na kuwajengea [[maisha]] bora. Mbali na taaluma yake, Francis M. Kneeland alikuwa mshiriki hai wa Kanisa la Baptist,<ref>{{Citation|title=Article clipped from The Tennessean|date=1902-07-18|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean/45632708/|work=The Tennessean|pages=2|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> akihudumu katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi wa kanisa. Katika miaka ya baadaye ya maisha yake, alihamia Chicago kuishi pamoja na ndugu zake. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1873]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] 8wz4w3ixfgzs79914gx82lwptr3xlyc 0 243849 1585206 2026-08-07T02:26:15Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eunice Wilson''' (2 Aprili 1911 – 10 Januari 1984) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]], mcheza dansi, na mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika jimbo la Michigan na alifariki mjini Los Angeles, California. Wilson alijulikana kwa [[maonyesho]] yake katika miaka ya 1930, ambapo alitumbuiza katika maonyesho ya jukwaani na akaonekana katika filamu kadhaa za kipindi hicho. Baadaye alishiriki pia katika filamu mbili za mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940. Alikuwa miongoni m...' 1585206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunice Wilson''' (2 Aprili 1911 – 10 Januari 1984) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]], mcheza dansi, na mwigizaji wa [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika jimbo la Michigan na alifariki mjini Los Angeles, California. Wilson alijulikana kwa [[maonyesho]] yake katika miaka ya 1930, ambapo alitumbuiza katika maonyesho ya jukwaani na akaonekana katika filamu kadhaa za kipindi hicho. Baadaye alishiriki pia katika filamu mbili za mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wasanii waliotumbuiza katika revue iliyoandaliwa na Leonard Reed, ambaye alikuwa mtayarishaji mashuhuri wa maonyesho ya [[burudani]] nchini Marekani. Ingawa kumbukumbu za kina kuhusu [[maisha]] na kazi yake ni chache, Eunice Wilson alitoa mchango katika tasnia ya [[muziki]], dansi, na filamu za Marekani, hasa katika kipindi cha miaka ya 1930.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE VOCAL GROUP HARMONY WEB SITE - RECORD OF THE WEEK|url=https://www.vocalgroupharmony.com/4ROWNEW/AreYouWithIt.htm|work=www.vocalgroupharmony.com|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 2vtpv9k2lnlvzpe9xtu9wmka70cr7mw 1585254 1585206 2026-08-07T04:29:48Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunice Wilson''' (2 Aprili 1911 – 10 Januari 1984) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]], [[Dansi|mcheza dansi]], na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika [[Michigan|jimbo la Michigan]] na alifariki mjini [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles, California.]] Wilson alijulikana kwa [[maonyesho]] yake katika miaka ya 1930, ambapo alitumbuiza katika maonyesho ya jukwaani na akaonekana katika filamu kadhaa za kipindi hicho. Baadaye alishiriki pia katika filamu mbili za mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wasanii waliotumbuiza katika revue iliyoandaliwa na Leonard Reed, ambaye alikuwa mtayarishaji mashuhuri wa maonyesho ya [[burudani]] nchini Marekani. Ingawa kumbukumbu za kina kuhusu [[maisha]] na kazi yake ni chache, Eunice Wilson alitoa mchango katika tasnia ya [[muziki]], dansi, na filamu za Marekani, hasa katika kipindi cha miaka ya 1930.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE VOCAL GROUP HARMONY WEB SITE - RECORD OF THE WEEK|url=https://www.vocalgroupharmony.com/4ROWNEW/AreYouWithIt.htm|work=www.vocalgroupharmony.com|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 5x8eszj1huhh7qlt8epj938pv63fyiz 1585345 1585254 2026-08-07T07:51:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunice Wilson''' (2 Aprili 1911 – 10 Januari 1984) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]], [[Dansi|mcheza dansi]], na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa katika [[Michigan|jimbo la Michigan]] na alifariki mjini [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles, California.]] Wilson alijulikana kwa [[maonyesho]] yake katika miaka ya 1930, ambapo alitumbuiza katika maonyesho ya jukwaani na akaonekana katika filamu kadhaa za kipindi hicho. Baadaye alishiriki pia katika filamu mbili za mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wasanii waliotumbuiza katika revue iliyoandaliwa na Leonard Reed, ambaye alikuwa mtayarishaji mashuhuri wa maonyesho ya [[burudani]] nchini Marekani. Ingawa kumbukumbu za kina kuhusu [[maisha]] na kazi yake ni chache, Eunice Wilson alitoa mchango katika tasnia ya [[muziki]], dansi, na filamu za Marekani, hasa katika kipindi cha miaka ya 1930.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=THE VOCAL GROUP HARMONY WEB SITE - RECORD OF THE WEEK|url=https://www.vocalgroupharmony.com/4ROWNEW/AreYouWithIt.htm|work=www.vocalgroupharmony.com|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] num763ms6md9dlvdw3azuiv9flr2v8d 0 243850 1585207 2026-08-07T02:30:05Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elsie Suréna''' (amezaliwa tarehe 9 Juni 1956) ni [[mwandishi]] na msanii wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka Haiti. == Wasifu == Elsie Suréna alizaliwa mjini Port-au-Prince, Haiti, na alikulia kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Alisomea sanaa za kuona katika Shule ya Taifa ya Sanaa. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo hayo katika shule ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Boca Raton na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Armory kilichopo West Palm Beach, Florida, nchini Marekani. Pia alisomea Uandishi...' 1585207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elsie Suréna''' (amezaliwa tarehe 9 Juni 1956) ni [[mwandishi]] na msanii wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka Haiti. == Wasifu == Elsie Suréna alizaliwa mjini Port-au-Prince, Haiti, na alikulia kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Alisomea sanaa za kuona katika Shule ya Taifa ya Sanaa. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo hayo katika shule ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Boca Raton na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Armory kilichopo West Palm Beach, Florida, nchini Marekani. Pia alisomea Uandishi wa [[Ubunifu]] na Elimu katika Kituo cha [[Elimu]] ya Watu Wazima cha Cambridge na Kituo cha Elimu ya Watu Wazima cha Boston. Suréna aliishi kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini katika mji wa Cap-Haïtien ulioko kaskazini mwa Haiti kabla ya kurejea kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Tangu mwaka 2010, ameishi nchini Kanada.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pE9O-aRLIU0C&pg=PT190|title=Haïti 8 & RAL, M|last=collectif|date=2009-02-01|publisher=Le Chasseur abstrait éditeur|isbn=978-2-35554-041-7|language=fr}}</ref> Suréna hujieleza kupitia ushairi, ukiwemo mashairi ya haiku, upigaji [[picha]] na sanaa ya kolagi. Huandika kwa lugha za Kikreoli cha Haiti, Kifaransa, Kiingereza na Kihispania. Kazi zake za uandishi zimechapishwa katika diwani na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo magazeti ya ''Le Matin'' na ''Le Nouvelliste''. Aidha, kazi zake za sanaa za kuona zimeonyeshwa katika maonyesho ya pamoja nchini Haiti, Marekani, Japani, Jamhuri ya Dominika na Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elsie Suréna|url=https://ile-en-ile.org/surena/|work=Île en île|date=2010-08-27|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 8dvkarfck85qi6s6ktj1evdu3k6o6ye 1585256 1585207 2026-08-07T04:30:52Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elsie Suréna''' (amezaliwa tarehe 9 Juni 1956) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka [[Haiti]]. == Wasifu == Elsie Suréna alizaliwa mjini [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti, na alikulia kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Alisomea sanaa za kuona katika Shule ya Taifa ya Sanaa. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo hayo katika shule ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Boca Raton na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Armory kilichopo West Palm Beach, Florida, nchini Marekani. Pia alisomea Uandishi wa [[Ubunifu]] na Elimu katika Kituo cha [[Elimu]] ya Watu Wazima cha Cambridge na Kituo cha Elimu ya Watu Wazima cha Boston. Suréna aliishi kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini katika mji wa Cap-Haïtien ulioko kaskazini mwa Haiti kabla ya kurejea kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Tangu mwaka 2010, ameishi nchini Kanada.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pE9O-aRLIU0C&pg=PT190|title=Haïti 8 & RAL, M|last=collectif|date=2009-02-01|publisher=Le Chasseur abstrait éditeur|isbn=978-2-35554-041-7|language=fr}}</ref> Suréna hujieleza kupitia ushairi, ukiwemo mashairi ya haiku, upigaji [[picha]] na sanaa ya kolagi. Huandika kwa lugha za Kikreoli cha Haiti, Kifaransa, Kiingereza na Kihispania. Kazi zake za uandishi zimechapishwa katika diwani na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo magazeti ya ''Le Matin'' na ''Le Nouvelliste''. Aidha, kazi zake za sanaa za kuona zimeonyeshwa katika maonyesho ya pamoja nchini Haiti, Marekani, Japani, Jamhuri ya Dominika na Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elsie Suréna|url=https://ile-en-ile.org/surena/|work=Île en île|date=2010-08-27|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 1g4m1t5a8nyaqq7jhrhpyp0ca9u2cvj 1585344 1585256 2026-08-07T07:48:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elsie Suréna''' (amezaliwa tarehe 9 Juni 1956) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka [[Haiti]]. == Wasifu == Elsie Suréna alizaliwa mjini [[Port-au-Prince]], Haiti, na alikulia kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Alisomea sanaa za kuona katika Shule ya Taifa ya Sanaa. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo hayo katika shule ya Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Boca Raton na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Armory kilichopo West Palm Beach, Florida, nchini Marekani. Pia alisomea Uandishi wa [[Ubunifu]] na Elimu katika Kituo cha [[Elimu]] ya Watu Wazima cha Cambridge na Kituo cha Elimu ya Watu Wazima cha Boston. Suréna aliishi kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini katika mji wa Cap-Haïtien ulioko kaskazini mwa Haiti kabla ya kurejea kusini mwa nchi hiyo. Tangu mwaka 2010, ameishi nchini Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pE9O-aRLIU0C&pg=PT190|title=Haïti 8 & RAL, M|last=collectif|date=2009-02-01|publisher=Le Chasseur abstrait éditeur|isbn=978-2-35554-041-7|language=fr}}</ref> Suréna hujieleza kupitia ushairi, ukiwemo mashairi ya haiku, upigaji [[picha]] na sanaa ya kolagi. Huandika kwa lugha za Kikreoli cha Haiti, Kifaransa, Kiingereza na Kihispania. Kazi zake za uandishi zimechapishwa katika diwani na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo magazeti ya ''Le Matin'' na ''Le Nouvelliste''. Aidha, kazi zake za sanaa za kuona zimeonyeshwa katika maonyesho ya pamoja nchini Haiti, Marekani, Japani, Jamhuri ya Dominika na Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Elsie Suréna|url=https://ile-en-ile.org/surena/|work=Île en île|date=2010-08-27|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] t9jntb17egbnj9j41ss7w7rm5spt3lg 0 243851 1585208 2026-08-07T02:33:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elma Johnson Stuckey''' (1907–1988) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na [[mwalimu]] wa shule wa Mwafrika Mmarekani. Mashairi yake yalizungumzia maisha ya Waafrika wenye asili ya Marekani kuanzia kipindi cha utumwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980. == Wasifu == Elma Johnson alizaliwa mjini Memphis, jimbo la Tennessee, tarehe 15 Machi 1907. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=po0UCjyTjuoC&q=%22elma%20stuckey%22&pg=PA291|title=Notable Black Memphia...' 1585208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elma Johnson Stuckey''' (1907–1988) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na [[mwalimu]] wa shule wa Mwafrika Mmarekani. Mashairi yake yalizungumzia maisha ya Waafrika wenye asili ya Marekani kuanzia kipindi cha utumwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980. == Wasifu == Elma Johnson alizaliwa mjini Memphis, jimbo la Tennessee, tarehe 15 Machi 1907. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=po0UCjyTjuoC&q=%22elma%20stuckey%22&pg=PA291|title=Notable Black Memphians|last=DeCosta-Willis|first=Miriam|date=2008|publisher=Cambria Press|isbn=978-1-62196-863-4|language=en}}</ref>Alisoma katika [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya Manassas iliyoko Memphis na akapata cheti cha ualimu kutoka [[Chuo]] cha Lane kilichopo Jackson, Tennessee. Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na aliendesha shule ya awali katika maeneo ya vijijini ya Tennessee. Mwaka 1945 alihamia Chicago, ambako alifanya [[kazi]] kama msimamizi katika [[Idara]] ya Kazi ya Jimbo la Illinois.<ref>{{Citation|title=Elma Stuckey, 81; Poet Wrote About Blacks|date=1988-09-30|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/30/obituaries/elma-stuckey-81-poet-wrote-about-blacks.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] t2fhbp2o5cywq6h3g15qwpl4ubsp8n4 1585258 1585208 2026-08-07T04:32:28Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elma Johnson Stuckey''' (1907–1988) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na [[mwalimu]] mwenye asili ya [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]]. Mashairi yake yalizungumzia maisha ya Waafrika wenye asili ya Marekani kuanzia kipindi cha utumwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980. == Wasifu == Elma Johnson alizaliwa mjini [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, jimbo la Tennessee]], tarehe 15 Machi 1907. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=po0UCjyTjuoC&q=%22elma%20stuckey%22&pg=PA291|title=Notable Black Memphians|last=DeCosta-Willis|first=Miriam|date=2008|publisher=Cambria Press|isbn=978-1-62196-863-4|language=en}}</ref>Alisoma katika [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya Manassas iliyoko Memphis na akapata cheti cha ualimu kutoka [[Chuo]] cha Lane kilichopo Jackson, Tennessee. Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na aliendesha shule ya awali katika maeneo ya vijijini ya Tennessee. Mwaka 1945 alihamia Chicago, ambako alifanya [[kazi]] kama msimamizi katika [[Idara]] ya Kazi ya Jimbo la Illinois.<ref>{{Citation|title=Elma Stuckey, 81; Poet Wrote About Blacks|date=1988-09-30|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/30/obituaries/elma-stuckey-81-poet-wrote-about-blacks.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] 2lxwkeyu1m44u78fg40kt078zxbvshi 1585343 1585258 2026-08-07T07:47:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elma Johnson Stuckey''' (1907–1988) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na [[mwalimu]] mwenye asili ya [[Afrika]] na [[Marekani]]. Mashairi yake yalizungumzia maisha ya Waafrika wenye asili ya Marekani kuanzia kipindi cha utumwa hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980. == Wasifu == Elma Johnson alizaliwa mjini [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, jimbo la Tennessee]], tarehe 15 Machi 1907. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=po0UCjyTjuoC&q=%22elma%20stuckey%22&pg=PA291|title=Notable Black Memphians|last=DeCosta-Willis|first=Miriam|date=2008|publisher=Cambria Press|isbn=978-1-62196-863-4|language=en}}</ref>Alisoma katika [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya Manassas iliyoko Memphis na akapata cheti cha ualimu kutoka [[Chuo]] cha Lane kilichopo Jackson, Tennessee. Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na aliendesha shule ya awali katika maeneo ya vijijini ya Tennessee. Mwaka 1945 alihamia Chicago, ambako alifanya [[kazi]] kama msimamizi katika [[Idara]] ya Kazi ya Jimbo la Illinois.<ref>{{Citation|title=Elma Stuckey, 81; Poet Wrote About Blacks|date=1988-09-30|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/30/obituaries/elma-stuckey-81-poet-wrote-about-blacks.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] ftmclncoapxmrn9n4ct8b1s8uhvy13e 0 243852 1585209 2026-08-07T02:38:00Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edwina Pettway''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1950) ni [[msanii]] wa Marekani. Anahusishwa na kikundi cha watengenezaji wa mashuka ya viraka cha Gee's Bend, kinachojulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee katika [[ushonaji]] wa viraka. Alijifunza kushona mashuka ya viraka kutoka kwa [[mama]] yake, Candis Pettway, pamoja na dada zake Qunnie Pettway na Sally Mae Pettway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edwina Pettway {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artis...' 1585209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edwina Pettway''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1950) ni [[msanii]] wa Marekani. Anahusishwa na kikundi cha watengenezaji wa mashuka ya viraka cha Gee's Bend, kinachojulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee katika [[ushonaji]] wa viraka. Alijifunza kushona mashuka ya viraka kutoka kwa [[mama]] yake, Candis Pettway, pamoja na dada zake Qunnie Pettway na Sally Mae Pettway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edwina Pettway {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/edwina-pettway|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Mashuka yake yanajulikana kwa kuchanganya mtindo wa jadi wa Gee's Bend na mvuto wa rangi na miundo inayofanana na burudani za Hollywood na Las Vegas.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oULezQjE5hwC|title=Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt|last=Arnett|first=William|date=2006|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=978-0-9719104-7-8|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha == Edwina Pettway anatoka katika ukoo mrefu wa wanawake waliobobea katika ushonaji wa mashuka ya viraka. [[Bibi]] yake mkubwa alikuwa Dinah Miller, ambaye pia alikuwa miongoni mwa watengenezaji mashuhuri wa [[kazi]] hizo za mikono. Ujuzi huo umepitishwa kutoka kizazi hadi kizazi katika familia yao, na umechangia kuhifadhi na kuendeleza utamaduni wa ushonaji wa viraka wa Gee's Bend. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jqsqtlbbr99gttlxqp1n2es9xh32l8x 1585259 1585209 2026-08-07T04:33:19Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edwina Pettway''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1950]]) ni [[msanii]] kutoka Marekani. Anahusishwa na kikundi cha watengenezaji wa mashuka ya viraka cha Gee's Bend, kinachojulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee katika [[ushonaji]] wa viraka. Alijifunza kushona mashuka ya viraka kutoka kwa [[mama]] yake, Candis Pettway, pamoja na dada zake Qunnie Pettway na Sally Mae Pettway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edwina Pettway {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/edwina-pettway|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Mashuka yake yanajulikana kwa kuchanganya mtindo wa jadi wa Gee's Bend na mvuto wa rangi na miundo inayofanana na burudani za Hollywood na Las Vegas.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oULezQjE5hwC|title=Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt|last=Arnett|first=William|date=2006|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=978-0-9719104-7-8|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha == Edwina Pettway anatoka katika ukoo mrefu wa wanawake waliobobea katika ushonaji wa mashuka ya viraka. [[Bibi]] yake mkubwa alikuwa Dinah Miller, ambaye pia alikuwa miongoni mwa watengenezaji mashuhuri wa [[kazi]] hizo za mikono. Ujuzi huo umepitishwa kutoka kizazi hadi kizazi katika familia yao, na umechangia kuhifadhi na kuendeleza utamaduni wa ushonaji wa viraka wa Gee's Bend. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nwc95y6nxptrsen3zkb15ao469mko51 1585342 1585259 2026-08-07T07:45:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edwina Pettway''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1950]]) ni [[msanii]] kutoka Marekani. Anahusishwa na kikundi cha watengenezaji wa mashuka ya viraka cha Gee's Bend, kinachojulikana kwa ubunifu wake wa kipekee katika [[ushonaji]] wa viraka. Alijifunza kushona mashuka ya viraka kutoka kwa [[mama]] yake, Candis Pettway, pamoja na dada zake Qunnie Pettway na Sally Mae Pettway.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Edwina Pettway {{!}} Souls Grown Deep|url=https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/artist/edwina-pettway|work=www.soulsgrowndeep.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Mashuka yake yanajulikana kwa kuchanganya mtindo wa jadi wa Gee's Bend na mvuto wa rangi na miundo inayofanana na burudani za Hollywood na Las Vegas.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oULezQjE5hwC|title=Gee's Bend: The Architecture of the Quilt|last=Arnett|first=William|date=2006|publisher=Tinwood Books|isbn=978-0-9719104-7-8|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha == Edwina Pettway anatoka katika ukoo mrefu wa wanawake waliobobea katika ushonaji wa mashuka ya viraka. [[Bibi]] yake mkubwa alikuwa Dinah Miller, ambaye pia alikuwa miongoni mwa watengenezaji mashuhuri wa [[kazi]] hizo za mikono. Ujuzi huo umepitishwa kutoka kizazi hadi kizazi katika familia yao, na umechangia kuhifadhi na kuendeleza utamaduni wa ushonaji wa viraka wa Gee's Bend. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 899nzxzyplaryp7h0eq4b2t9riiuafy 0 243853 1585210 2026-08-07T02:42:50Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aphrose''' ni jina la kisanii la Joanna Mohammed, [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa soul na rhythm and blues (R&B) kutoka Toronto, Ontario, nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Five Minutes With: Toronto-based Soul Artist Aphrose|url=https://torontoguardian.com/2023/12/toronto-music-aphrose/|work=Toronto Guardian|date=2023-12-08|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sabrina Greggain-Lord}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa albamu yake ya mwaka 2023, Ros...' 1585210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aphrose''' ni jina la kisanii la Joanna Mohammed, [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa soul na rhythm and blues (R&B) kutoka Toronto, Ontario, nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Five Minutes With: Toronto-based Soul Artist Aphrose|url=https://torontoguardian.com/2023/12/toronto-music-aphrose/|work=Toronto Guardian|date=2023-12-08|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sabrina Greggain-Lord}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa albamu yake ya mwaka 2023, Roses, ambayo iliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo]] ya Juno katika kipengele cha Albamu Bora ya Muziki wa Watu Wazima wa Kisasa kwenye Tuzo za Juno za mwaka 2025. Joanna Mohammed ni mhitimu wa [[programu]] ya muziki katika Chuo cha Humber. Alianza kazi yake ya muziki kama mwimbaji wa sauti za usaidizi kwa wasanii mbalimbali, akiwemo Daniel Caesar, Chantal Kreviazuk, Nikki Yanofsky na Jessie Reyez, kabla ya kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza, Element, mwaka 2019. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kanada]] t94zgv2yx1azrwige2ula3bpma1n56r 1585278 1585210 2026-08-07T04:54:10Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aphrose''' ni jina la kisanii la '''Joanna Mohammed''', [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa soul na rhythm and blues (R&B) kutoka Toronto, Ontario, nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Five Minutes With: Toronto-based Soul Artist Aphrose|url=https://torontoguardian.com/2023/12/toronto-music-aphrose/|work=Toronto Guardian|date=2023-12-08|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sabrina Greggain-Lord}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa albamu yake ya mwaka 2023, Roses, ambayo iliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo]] ya Juno katika kipengele cha Albamu Bora ya Muziki wa Watu Wazima wa Kisasa kwenye Tuzo za Juno za mwaka 2025. Joanna Mohammed ni mhitimu wa [[programu]] ya muziki katika Chuo cha Humber. Alianza kazi yake ya muziki kama mwimbaji wa sauti za usaidizi kwa wasanii mbalimbali, akiwemo Daniel Caesar, Chantal Kreviazuk, Nikki Yanofsky na Jessie Reyez, kabla ya kutoa albamu yake ya kwanza, Element, mwaka 2019. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kanada]] awnod5c1ikp3f87vebyttuestiwl4m1 0 243854 1585212 2026-08-07T02:46:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anita Doreen Diggs''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1966 katika Jiji la New York) ni mhariri, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anita Doreen Diggs is a renowned editor, novelist, and lecturer,...|url=https://aalbc.com/authors/Anita-Doreen-Diggs|work=AALBC.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref>[[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] na mhadhiri wa Marekani. == Wasifu == Anita Doreen Diggs alikulia katika Jiji la New York, ambako alisoma katika [[shule]] za umma zilizoko eneo la Hell...' 1585212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Doreen Diggs''' (amezaliwa mwaka 1966 katika Jiji la New York) ni mhariri, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anita Doreen Diggs is a renowned editor, novelist, and lecturer,...|url=https://aalbc.com/authors/Anita-Doreen-Diggs|work=AALBC.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref>[[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] na mhadhiri wa Marekani. == Wasifu == Anita Doreen Diggs alikulia katika Jiji la New York, ambako alisoma katika [[shule]] za umma zilizoko eneo la Hell's Kitchen katika wilaya ya Manhattan. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mhariri mwandamizi katika shirika la uchapishaji la Random House hadi mwaka 2002. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anita Doreen Diggs on The Writer's Craft|url=http://www.eyeonbooks.com/icp.php?authID=305|work=www.eyeonbooks.com|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref>Pia aliwahi kuwa mhariri mwandamizi katika Thunder's Mouth Press. Diggs ameandika riwaya nne pamoja na vitabu vinavyotoa ushauri wa [[maendeleo]] ya kazi na taarifa mbalimbali zinazowalenga Waafrika wenye asili ya Marekani. Aidha, hufundisha uandishi wa [[ubunifu]] katika Gotham Writers Workshop na pia hufanya kazi kama mshauri wa waandishi katika programu ya Creative Nonfiction Mentoring, inayowasaidia waandishi wanaoandika kazi za kweli zisizo za kubuni. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 4fifasmqkm8qoezwzrtm92i3jszwjqv 1585279 1585212 2026-08-07T04:55:10Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Doreen Diggs''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1966]] katika [[Jiji la New York]]) ni mhariri, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anita Doreen Diggs is a renowned editor, novelist, and lecturer,...|url=https://aalbc.com/authors/Anita-Doreen-Diggs|work=AALBC.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref>[[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] na mhadhiri wa Marekani. == Wasifu == Anita Doreen Diggs alikulia katika Jiji la New York, ambako alisoma katika [[shule]] za umma zilizoko eneo la Hell's Kitchen katika wilaya ya Manhattan. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mhariri mwandamizi katika shirika la uchapishaji la Random House hadi mwaka 2002. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Anita Doreen Diggs on The Writer's Craft|url=http://www.eyeonbooks.com/icp.php?authID=305|work=www.eyeonbooks.com|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref>Pia aliwahi kuwa mhariri mwandamizi katika Thunder's Mouth Press. Diggs ameandika riwaya nne pamoja na vitabu vinavyotoa ushauri wa [[maendeleo]] ya kazi na taarifa mbalimbali zinazowalenga Waafrika wenye asili ya Marekani. Aidha, hufundisha uandishi wa [[ubunifu]] katika Gotham Writers Workshop na pia hufanya kazi kama mshauri wa waandishi katika programu ya Creative Nonfiction Mentoring, inayowasaidia waandishi wanaoandika kazi za kweli zisizo za kubuni. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] lssvtnx2if3ad04kuh6vu60cpo9ikvs 0 243855 1585213 2026-08-07T02:51:26Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Angela Turner Quigless''' (amezaliwa tarehe 4 Januari 1960, huko Miami, Florida) ni [[hakimu]] wa Marekani katika [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Missouri. Aliteuliwa na Gavana Bob Holden kuwa Hakimu wa Mahakama ya Mzunguko ya [[Wilaya]] ya 22 ya Jiji la St. Louis, Missouri, tarehe 3 Januari 2003, baada ya awali kuhudumu kama Hakimu Msaidizi wa Mzunguko tangu tarehe 28 Februari 1995. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Quigless alihudhuria [[Chuo]] cha Jamii cha F...' 1585213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Turner Quigless''' (amezaliwa tarehe 4 Januari 1960, huko Miami, Florida) ni [[hakimu]] wa Marekani katika [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Missouri. Aliteuliwa na Gavana Bob Holden kuwa Hakimu wa Mahakama ya Mzunguko ya [[Wilaya]] ya 22 ya Jiji la St. Louis, Missouri, tarehe 3 Januari 2003, baada ya awali kuhudumu kama Hakimu Msaidizi wa Mzunguko tangu tarehe 28 Februari 1995. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Quigless alihudhuria [[Chuo]] cha Jamii cha Florissant Valley kilichopo Florissant, Missouri, kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1979. Alifuzu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Missouri kilichopo Columbia akiwa na Shahada ya Sanaa katika [[Sosholojia]] mwaka 1981. Alifuzu kutoka Shule ya [[Sheria]] ya Chuo Kikuu cha Saint Louis huko St. Louis, Missouri, akiwa na shahada ya Juris Doctor mwaka 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Louis Circuit 22; Circuit Judge, division 8; Angela Turner Quigless|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/article_85e201d2-bc2b-11df-9c49-0017a4a78c22.html|work=STLtoday.com|date=2010-09-01|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] 9cuhzz83q0t4y2t2z1c47r0nipy8gi2 1585280 1585213 2026-08-07T04:56:23Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Turner Quigless''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[4 Januari]] [[1960]], huko [[Miami, Florida]]) ni [[hakimu]] wa [[Marekani]] katika [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Missouri. Aliteuliwa na Gavana Bob Holden kuwa Hakimu wa Mahakama ya Mzunguko ya [[Wilaya]] ya 22 ya [[St. Louis, Missouri|Jiji la St. Louis, Missouri]], tarehe 3 Januari 2003, baada ya awali kuhudumu kama Hakimu Msaidizi wa Mzunguko tangu tarehe 28 Februari 1995. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Quigless alihudhuria [[Chuo]] cha Jamii cha Florissant Valley kilichopo Florissant, Missouri, kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1979. Alifuzu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Missouri kilichopo Columbia akiwa na Shahada ya Sanaa katika [[Sosholojia]] mwaka 1981. Alifuzu kutoka Shule ya [[Sheria]] ya Chuo Kikuu cha Saint Louis huko St. Louis, Missouri, akiwa na shahada ya Juris Doctor mwaka 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Louis Circuit 22; Circuit Judge, division 8; Angela Turner Quigless|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/article_85e201d2-bc2b-11df-9c49-0017a4a78c22.html|work=STLtoday.com|date=2010-09-01|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] dpz5jupcxr71guocfjgsjmj94p80eis 0 243856 1585214 2026-08-07T02:54:24Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yisela Cuesta Bejarano''' (amezaliwa tarehe 27 Septemba 1991) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Colombia]]. Anacheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika [[klabu]] ya Atlético Nacional.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™ - Players - Yisela-CUESTA - FIFA.com|url=http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player=387183/index.html|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-GB|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> == Mareje...' 1585214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yisela Cuesta Bejarano''' (amezaliwa tarehe 27 Septemba 1991) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Colombia]]. Anacheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika [[klabu]] ya Atlético Nacional.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™ - Players - Yisela-CUESTA - FIFA.com|url=http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player=387183/index.html|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-GB|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] huwqxr8b46pys78s3rpcrhbslutred0 1585281 1585214 2026-08-07T04:57:01Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585281 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yisela Cuesta Bejarano''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[27 Septemba]] [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Colombia]]. Anacheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika [[klabu]] ya Atlético Nacional.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™ - Players - Yisela-CUESTA - FIFA.com|url=http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player=387183/index.html|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-GB|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] g9vzb9q2ynwkjoetsq92tnr3blk6jkt 1585436 1585281 2026-08-07T11:36:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yisela Cuesta Bejarano''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[27 Septemba]] [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Colombia]]. Anacheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika [[klabu]] ya Atlético Nacional.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015™ - Players - Yisela-CUESTA - FIFA.com|url=http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player=387183/index.html|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-GB|author=FIFA.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] 45i1ngp0ottalzkp8ybu53oadofosii 0 243857 1585215 2026-08-07T02:58:53Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Willie Stevenson Glanton''' (19 Machi 1922 – 6 Julai 2017) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na mwanasiasa wa Marekani katika [[jimbo]] la Iowa. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M94DAAAAMBAJ&dq=melvin+mcnairy&pg=RA1-PA195|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=1965-04|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Glanton alizaliwa huko Hot Springs, Arkansas, na alisom...' 1585215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willie Stevenson Glanton''' (19 Machi 1922 – 6 Julai 2017) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na mwanasiasa wa Marekani katika [[jimbo]] la Iowa. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M94DAAAAMBAJ&dq=melvin+mcnairy&pg=RA1-PA195|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=1965-04|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Glanton alizaliwa huko Hot Springs, Arkansas, na alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Tennessee State pamoja na [[Shule]] ya Sheria ya Robert H. Terrell. Alihamia Iowa mwaka 1951, na mwaka 1953 akawa mwanamke wa pili Mwafrika Mmarekani kuruhusiwa kufanya kazi ya [[sheria]] katika Baa ya Iowa. Mwaka 1962, alisafiri katika nchi za Afrika na Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia kupitia mpango wa kubadilishana utamaduni wa Idara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Representative|url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator/legislatorAllYears?personID=1253|work=www.legis.iowa.gov|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|author=Iowa Legislative Services Agency}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] fi4ho1zlrl4qy1agu17mo7jnkkd9xd1 1585282 1585215 2026-08-07T04:58:04Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willie Stevenson Glanton''' ([[19 Machi]] [[1922]] – [[6 Julai]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani katika [[jimbo]] la Iowa. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M94DAAAAMBAJ&dq=melvin+mcnairy&pg=RA1-PA195|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=1965-04|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Glanton alizaliwa huko Hot Springs, Arkansas, na alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Tennessee State pamoja na [[Shule]] ya Sheria ya Robert H. Terrell. Alihamia Iowa mwaka 1951, na mwaka 1953 akawa mwanamke wa pili Mwafrika Mmarekani kuruhusiwa kufanya kazi ya [[sheria]] katika Baa ya Iowa. Mwaka 1962, alisafiri katika nchi za Afrika na Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia kupitia mpango wa kubadilishana utamaduni wa Idara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Representative|url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator/legislatorAllYears?personID=1253|work=www.legis.iowa.gov|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|author=Iowa Legislative Services Agency}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] 41ccipuj7qnizx88dr3u6v99c7s2p7g 1585426 1585282 2026-08-07T11:33:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willie Stevenson Glanton''' ([[19 Machi]] [[1922]] – [[6 Julai]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani katika [[jimbo]] la Iowa. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M94DAAAAMBAJ&dq=melvin+mcnairy&pg=RA1-PA195|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=1965-04|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Glanton alizaliwa huko Hot Springs, Arkansas, na alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Tennessee State pamoja na [[Shule]] ya Sheria ya Robert H. Terrell. Alihamia Iowa mwaka 1951, na mwaka 1953 akawa mwanamke wa pili Mwafrika Mmarekani kuruhusiwa kufanya kazi ya [[sheria]] katika Baa ya Iowa. Mwaka 1962, alisafiri katika nchi za Afrika na Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia kupitia mpango wa kubadilishana utamaduni wa Idara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=State Representative|url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator/legislatorAllYears?personID=1253|work=www.legis.iowa.gov|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|author=Iowa Legislative Services Agency}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] ob3pam3qms2xwvo90zfvpvweg1pvd3o 0 243858 1585216 2026-08-07T03:03:48Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paula B. Stanic''' (pia anajulikana kama Paula Bardowell Stanic) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia wa [[Uingereza]] na [[mshindi]] wa Tuzo ya Alfred Fagon ya mwaka 2008 kwa tamthilia mpya bora iliyoandikwa na mwandishi Mweusi mwenye asili ya Afrika au Karibea anayeishi nchini Uingereza. Tamthilia yake iitwayo Monday iliteuliwa katika orodha fupi ya kuwania Tuzo ya John Whiting ya mwaka 2009. Amewahi kuwa mwandishi mkazi katika Royal Court Theatre na Soho...' 1585216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paula B. Stanic''' (pia anajulikana kama Paula Bardowell Stanic) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia wa [[Uingereza]] na [[mshindi]] wa Tuzo ya Alfred Fagon ya mwaka 2008 kwa tamthilia mpya bora iliyoandikwa na mwandishi Mweusi mwenye asili ya Afrika au Karibea anayeishi nchini Uingereza. Tamthilia yake iitwayo Monday iliteuliwa katika orodha fupi ya kuwania Tuzo ya John Whiting ya mwaka 2009. Amewahi kuwa mwandishi mkazi katika Royal Court Theatre na Soho Theatre (mwaka 2012–2013), na pia alikuwa mwandishi aliyeteuliwa kufanya [[kazi]] katika National Theatre Studio.<ref>{{Citation|title=Blazon Collaborators|date=2017-02-22|url=https://blazontheatre.org/blazon-collaborators/|work=Blazon Theatre|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revolution Mix: writers and partner venues announced|url=http://www.afridiziak.com/theatrenews/news/may2015/revolution-mix-writers-and-partner-venues-announced.html|work=Afridiziak Theatre News|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=Englsih|author=Afridiziak.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] o6tuh637mbfaxhlnpuhmwxot8al9anq 1585283 1585216 2026-08-07T04:59:08Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paula B. Stanic''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Paula Bardowell Stanic''') ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[tamthilia]] wa [[Uingereza]] na [[mshindi]] wa Tuzo ya Alfred Fagon ya mwaka 2008 kwa tamthilia mpya bora iliyoandikwa na mwandishi Mweusi mwenye asili ya [[Afrika]] au Karibea anayeishi nchini [[Uingereza]]. Tamthilia yake iitwayo Monday iliteuliwa katika orodha fupi ya kuwania Tuzo ya John Whiting ya mwaka 2009. Amewahi kuwa mwandishi mkazi katika Royal Court Theatre na Soho Theatre (mwaka 2012–2013), na pia alikuwa mwandishi aliyeteuliwa kufanya [[kazi]] katika National Theatre Studio.<ref>{{Citation|title=Blazon Collaborators|date=2017-02-22|url=https://blazontheatre.org/blazon-collaborators/|work=Blazon Theatre|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revolution Mix: writers and partner venues announced|url=http://www.afridiziak.com/theatrenews/news/may2015/revolution-mix-writers-and-partner-venues-announced.html|work=Afridiziak Theatre News|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=Englsih|author=Afridiziak.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] gcv8l6ccpbvt3u8tcsb63gwkf9a822r 1585312 1585283 2026-08-07T06:05:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paula B. Stanic''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Paula Bardowell Stanic''') ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[tamthilia]] wa [[Uingereza]] na [[mshindi]] wa Tuzo ya Alfred Fagon ya mwaka 2008 kwa tamthilia mpya bora iliyoandikwa na mwandishi Mweusi mwenye asili ya [[Afrika]] au Karibea anayeishi nchini [[Uingereza]]. Tamthilia yake iitwayo Monday iliteuliwa katika orodha fupi ya kuwania Tuzo ya John Whiting ya mwaka 2009. Amewahi kuwa mwandishi mkazi katika Royal Court Theatre na Soho Theatre (mwaka 2012–2013), na pia alikuwa mwandishi aliyeteuliwa kufanya [[kazi]] katika National Theatre Studio.<ref>{{Citation|title=Blazon Collaborators|date=2017-02-22|url=https://blazontheatre.org/blazon-collaborators/|work=Blazon Theatre|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Revolution Mix: writers and partner venues announced|url=http://www.afridiziak.com/theatrenews/news/may2015/revolution-mix-writers-and-partner-venues-announced.html|work=Afridiziak Theatre News|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=Englsih|author=Afridiziak.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] nte790wivq33xyryrkb1ia0x9lrh6hy 0 243859 1585217 2026-08-07T03:07:40Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nika "Neex" Washington''' (amezaliwa tarehe 24 Agosti 1991) ni mskateboarder wa [[Marekani]] anayetumia [[mtindo]] wa goofy-footed (kuendesha skateboard huku mguu wa kulia ukiwa mbele), kutoka Inglewood, California. Washington alionyeshwa katika mahudhui ya kuteleza kwa ubao wa [[magurudumu]] ya wanawake pekee iitwayo "Quit Your Day Job."<ref>{{Citation|title=Quit Your Day Job {{!}} MAHFIA.TV|url=http://www.mahfia.tv/channels/quit-your-day-job/|work=MA...' 1585217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nika "Neex" Washington''' (amezaliwa tarehe 24 Agosti 1991) ni mskateboarder wa [[Marekani]] anayetumia [[mtindo]] wa goofy-footed (kuendesha skateboard huku mguu wa kulia ukiwa mbele), kutoka Inglewood, California. Washington alionyeshwa katika mahudhui ya kuteleza kwa ubao wa [[magurudumu]] ya wanawake pekee iitwayo "Quit Your Day Job."<ref>{{Citation|title=Quit Your Day Job {{!}} MAHFIA.TV|url=http://www.mahfia.tv/channels/quit-your-day-job/|work=MAHFIA|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quit Your Day Job Vid|url=https://www.skateboards.com/articles/quit-your-day-job-vid|work=Skateboards.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] t1oeo2jc65gc0hhba891ykd1duwi07o 1585284 1585217 2026-08-07T05:02:14Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nika "Neex" Washington''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[24 Agosti]] [[1991]]) ni mskateboarder wa [[Marekani]] anayetumia [[mtindo]] wa goofy-footed (kuendesha skateboard huku mguu wa kulia ukiwa mbele), kutoka [[Inglewood, California]]. Washington alionyeshwa katika mahudhui ya kuteleza kwa ubao wa [[magurudumu]] ya wanawake pekee iitwayo "Quit Your Day Job."<ref>{{Citation|title=Quit Your Day Job {{!}} MAHFIA.TV|url=http://www.mahfia.tv/channels/quit-your-day-job/|work=MAHFIA|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quit Your Day Job Vid|url=https://www.skateboards.com/articles/quit-your-day-job-vid|work=Skateboards.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] bc6769dx3u5mp49cd0u5dlpqwsghulj 1585308 1585284 2026-08-07T05:43:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nika "Neex" Washington''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[24 Agosti]] [[1991]]) ni mskateboarder wa [[Marekani]] anayetumia [[mtindo]] wa goofy-footed (kuendesha skateboard huku mguu wa kulia ukiwa mbele), kutoka [[Inglewood, California]]. Washington alionyeshwa katika mahudhui ya kuteleza kwa ubao wa [[magurudumu]] ya wanawake pekee iitwayo "Quit Your Day Job."<ref>{{Citation|title=Quit Your Day Job {{!}} MAHFIA.TV|url=http://www.mahfia.tv/channels/quit-your-day-job/|work=MAHFIA|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Quit Your Day Job Vid|url=https://www.skateboards.com/articles/quit-your-day-job-vid|work=Skateboards.com|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 5y0p3nohe7a0v3d3gx5vrle043doovy 0 243860 1585218 2026-08-07T03:12:08Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mattie Hite''' (wakati mwingine huandikwa Matie Hite; takriban mwaka 1890 – takriban mwaka 1935) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa blues wa Marekani katika mtindo wa classic female blues (blues ya waimbaji wanawake wa kipindi cha zamani). == Maisha na kazi == Haijulikani mengi kuhusu historia ya familia yake, isipokuwa kuna uwezekano kwamba alikuwa mpwa wa [[kiongozi]] wa bendi na mpiga saxophone Les Hite. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co...' 1585218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mattie Hite''' (wakati mwingine huandikwa Matie Hite; takriban mwaka 1890 – takriban mwaka 1935) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa blues wa Marekani katika mtindo wa classic female blues (blues ya waimbaji wanawake wa kipindi cha zamani). == Maisha na kazi == Haijulikani mengi kuhusu historia ya familia yake, isipokuwa kuna uwezekano kwamba alikuwa mpwa wa [[kiongozi]] wa bendi na mpiga saxophone Les Hite. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vRLcgEdGoC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=|title=Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography|last=Gates (Jr.)|first=Henry Louis|last2=Higginbotham|first2=Evelyn Brooks|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538795-7|language=en}}</ref>Mahali alikozaliwa hapajulikani, ingawa Jiji la New York limetajwa kuwa linaweza kuwa ndiko alikozaliwa. Karibu mwaka 1915, alihamia Chicago, ambako aliimba katika Panama Club, mara nyingi akiwa pamoja na waimbaji wengine kama Alberta Hunter, Cora Green, na Florence Mills. Mwaka 1919, alirudi New York City, ambako alifanya [[kazi]] katika vilabu vya burudani vya usiku (cabarets), akiimba katika sehemu mbalimbali za burudani, zikiwemo Barron Wilkin's Astoria Cafe na Pod's and Jerry's.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRPKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=|title=Broadcasting the Blues: Black Blues in the Segregation Era|last=Oliver|first=Paul|date=2014-02-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-46716-6|language=en}}</ref> Mattie Hite alifanya rekodi yake ya kwanza mwaka 1921 kwa [[kampuni]] ya Victor Records, lakini rekodi hiyo haikutolewa rasmi. Alirekodi tena mwaka 1923 pamoja na Fletcher Henderson kwa lebo ya Pathé, kisha mwaka 1923 na 1924 kwa lebo ya Bell, na mwaka 1930 pamoja na Cliff Jackson kwa lebo ya Columbia. Kuanzia mwaka 1928 hadi 1932, alionekana katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya revue katika Lafayette Theater mjini New York City. Inaaminika kwamba Mattie Hite alifariki huko New York City karibu na mwaka 1935 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1890]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1930]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] l4odp2tkf376898bg11yd5invaoflmd 1585240 1585218 2026-08-07T04:13:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mattie Hite''' (wakati mwingine huandikwa Matie Hite; takriban mwaka 1890 – takriban mwaka 1935) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa blues wa Marekani katika mtindo wa classic female blues (blues ya waimbaji wanawake wa kipindi cha zamani). == Maisha na kazi == Haijulikani mengi kuhusu historia ya familia yake, isipokuwa kuna uwezekano kwamba alikuwa mpwa wa [[kiongozi]] wa bendi na mpiga saxophone Les Hite. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vRLcgEdGoC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=|title=Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography|last=Gates (Jr.)|first=Henry Louis|last2=Higginbotham|first2=Evelyn Brooks|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538795-7|language=en}}</ref>Mahali alikozaliwa hapajulikani, ingawa Jiji la New York limetajwa kuwa linaweza kuwa ndiko alikozaliwa. Karibu mwaka 1915, alihamia Chicago, ambako aliimba katika Panama Club, mara nyingi akiwa pamoja na waimbaji wengine kama Alberta Hunter, Cora Green, na Florence Mills. Mwaka 1919, alirudi New York City, ambako alifanya [[kazi]] katika vilabu vya burudani vya usiku (cabarets), akiimba katika sehemu mbalimbali za burudani, zikiwemo Barron Wilkin's Astoria Cafe na Pod's and Jerry's.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRPKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=|title=Broadcasting the Blues: Black Blues in the Segregation Era|last=Oliver|first=Paul|date=2014-02-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-46716-6|language=en}}</ref> Mattie Hite alifanya rekodi yake ya kwanza mwaka 1921 kwa [[kampuni]] ya Victor Records, lakini rekodi hiyo haikutolewa rasmi. Alirekodi tena mwaka 1923 pamoja na Fletcher Henderson kwa lebo ya Pathé, kisha mwaka 1923 na 1924 kwa lebo ya Bell, na mwaka 1930 pamoja na Cliff Jackson kwa lebo ya Columbia. Kuanzia mwaka 1928 hadi 1932, alionekana katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya revue katika Lafayette Theater mjini New York City. Inaaminika kwamba Mattie Hite alifariki huko New York City karibu na mwaka 1935 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1890]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1930]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] o9jg2envjh9jsrzq2qupzq78bhvhidd 1585285 1585240 2026-08-07T05:03:45Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mattie Hite''' (wakati mwingine huandikwa ''Matie Hite''; 1890 – 1935) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa blues wa Marekani katika mtindo wa classic female blues (blues ya waimbaji wanawake wa kipindi cha zamani). == Maisha na kazi == Haijulikani mengi kuhusu historia ya familia yake, isipokuwa kuna uwezekano kwamba alikuwa mpwa wa [[kiongozi]] wa bendi na mpiga saxophone Les Hite. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vRLcgEdGoC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=|title=Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography|last=Gates (Jr.)|first=Henry Louis|last2=Higginbotham|first2=Evelyn Brooks|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538795-7|language=en}}</ref>Mahali alikozaliwa hapajulikani, ingawa Jiji la New York limetajwa kuwa linaweza kuwa ndiko alikozaliwa. Karibu mwaka 1915, alihamia Chicago, ambako aliimba katika Panama Club, mara nyingi akiwa pamoja na waimbaji wengine kama Alberta Hunter, Cora Green, na Florence Mills. Mwaka 1919, alirudi New York City, ambako alifanya [[kazi]] katika vilabu vya burudani vya usiku (cabarets), akiimba katika sehemu mbalimbali za burudani, zikiwemo Barron Wilkin's Astoria Cafe na Pod's and Jerry's.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRPKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=|title=Broadcasting the Blues: Black Blues in the Segregation Era|last=Oliver|first=Paul|date=2014-02-04|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-46716-6|language=en}}</ref> Mattie Hite alifanya rekodi yake ya kwanza mwaka 1921 kwa [[kampuni]] ya Victor Records, lakini rekodi hiyo haikutolewa rasmi. Alirekodi tena mwaka 1923 pamoja na Fletcher Henderson kwa lebo ya Pathé, kisha mwaka 1923 na 1924 kwa lebo ya Bell, na mwaka 1930 pamoja na Cliff Jackson kwa lebo ya Columbia. Kuanzia mwaka 1928 hadi 1932, alionekana katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya revue katika Lafayette Theater mjini New York City. Inaaminika kwamba Mattie Hite alifariki huko New York City karibu na mwaka 1935 == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1890]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1930]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] bnht52oniqnuhf348bcncezi9437k06 0 243861 1585219 2026-08-07T03:16:18Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marla Smith''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza]] la Wawakilishi la Missouri kwa [[Wilaya]] ya 74 mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marla Smith|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Marla_Smith|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> Smith ni aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa baraza la [[mji]] (alderwoman) wa Pagedale. Ana watoto watatu na wajukuu kumi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Representative Marla Smith|url=https://...' 1585219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marla Smith''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza]] la Wawakilishi la Missouri kwa [[Wilaya]] ya 74 mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marla Smith|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Marla_Smith|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> Smith ni aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa baraza la [[mji]] (alderwoman) wa Pagedale. Ana watoto watatu na wajukuu kumi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Representative Marla Smith|url=https://archive.house.mo.gov/MemberDetails.aspx?year=2025&district=074|work=archive.house.mo.gov|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] k4cdahrosnvuvsnel2xyxn958ow9l4i 1585238 1585219 2026-08-07T04:09:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marla Smith''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza]] la Wawakilishi la Missouri kwa [[Wilaya]] ya 74 mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marla Smith|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Marla_Smith|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> Smith ni aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa baraza la [[mji]] (alderwoman) wa Pagedale. Ana watoto watatu na wajukuu kumi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Representative Marla Smith|url=https://archive.house.mo.gov/MemberDetails.aspx?year=2025&district=074|work=archive.house.mo.gov|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 91mm1u30fn5tkiprbqq8s11a99lna3c 1585286 1585238 2026-08-07T05:04:38Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marla Smith''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza]] la Wawakilishi la Missouri kwa [[Wilaya]] ya 74 mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marla Smith|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Marla_Smith|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> Smith ni aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa baraza la [[mji]] (alderwoman) wa Pagedale. Ana watoto watatu na wajukuu kumi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Representative Marla Smith|url=https://archive.house.mo.gov/MemberDetails.aspx?year=2025&district=074|work=archive.house.mo.gov|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] bjo23rvisd07t4mfrnzcmkv0dckc52w 0 243862 1585220 2026-08-07T03:21:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lorraine Elizabeth Graves''' (5 Oktoba 1957 – 21 Machi 2024) alikuwa mcheza ballet na [[mwalimu]] wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Norfolk’s Lorraine Graves, a trailblazing dancer and beloved teacher, dies at 66|date=2024-04-01|url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/norfolks-lorraine-graves-a-trailblazing-dancer-and-beloved-teacher-dies-at-66/|work=WAVY.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lorraine Eli...' 1585220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorraine Elizabeth Graves''' (5 Oktoba 1957 – 21 Machi 2024) alikuwa mcheza ballet na [[mwalimu]] wa Marekani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Norfolk’s Lorraine Graves, a trailblazing dancer and beloved teacher, dies at 66|date=2024-04-01|url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/norfolks-lorraine-graves-a-trailblazing-dancer-and-beloved-teacher-dies-at-66/|work=WAVY.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lorraine Elizabeth Graves alizaliwa huko Norfolk, Virginia, akiwa [[mtoto]] wa Tommy E. Graves Jr., mwanzilishi wa ''Graves Funeral Home'', na Mildred Odom Graves, ambaye alikuwa mwalimu wa [[shule]]. Alianza mafunzo ya ballet akiwa na umri wa miaka minane baada ya kuvutiwa na maonyesho ya ballet yaliyoonyeshwa kwenye televisheni. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa kwanza Mwafrika Mmarekani katika [[shule]] ya ballet ya eneo lao, Academy of the Norfolk Ballet.<ref>{{Citation|last=Williams|first=Alex|title=Lorraine Graves, Pioneering Harlem Ballerina, Dies at 66|date=2024-03-31|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/31/arts/music/lorraine-graves-dead.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> Graves alipata elimu yake ya awali katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lake Taylor. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya ballet kutoka [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Indiana Bloomington ndani ya miaka mitatu, akihitimu mwaka mmoja kabla ya muda uliotarajiwa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] fdeq2k8wc6uzcqvu4qyxe3grgeb7kpn 1585287 1585220 2026-08-07T05:05:46Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorraine Elizabeth Graves''' ([[5 Oktoba]] [[1957]] – [[21 Machi]] [[2024]]) alikuwa mcheza ballet na [[mwalimu]] wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Norfolk’s Lorraine Graves, a trailblazing dancer and beloved teacher, dies at 66|date=2024-04-01|url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/norfolks-lorraine-graves-a-trailblazing-dancer-and-beloved-teacher-dies-at-66/|work=WAVY.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lorraine Elizabeth Graves alizaliwa huko Norfolk, Virginia, akiwa [[mtoto]] wa Tommy E. Graves Jr., mwanzilishi wa ''Graves Funeral Home'', na Mildred Odom Graves, ambaye alikuwa mwalimu wa [[shule]]. Alianza mafunzo ya ballet akiwa na umri wa miaka minane baada ya kuvutiwa na maonyesho ya ballet yaliyoonyeshwa kwenye televisheni. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa kwanza Mwafrika Mmarekani katika [[shule]] ya ballet ya eneo lao, Academy of the Norfolk Ballet.<ref>{{Citation|last=Williams|first=Alex|title=Lorraine Graves, Pioneering Harlem Ballerina, Dies at 66|date=2024-03-31|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/31/arts/music/lorraine-graves-dead.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> Graves alipata elimu yake ya awali katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lake Taylor. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya ballet kutoka [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Indiana Bloomington ndani ya miaka mitatu, akihitimu mwaka mmoja kabla ya muda uliotarajiwa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] 2jqk2ozbwjy4e47s491gep1qizsmxsp 0 243863 1585222 2026-08-07T03:25:06Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khaterinne Medina''' (amezaliwa tarehe 31 Oktoba 1992) ni [[mchezaji]] wa rugby sevens wa Colombia. Aliiwakilisha [[Colombia]] katika mchezo wa rugby sevens akiwa sehemu ya [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Wanawake ya Colombia ya Rugby Sevens kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEDINA Khaterinne|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/khaterinne-medina|work=Rio 2016|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo ==...' 1585222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khaterinne Medina''' (amezaliwa tarehe 31 Oktoba 1992) ni [[mchezaji]] wa rugby sevens wa Colombia. Aliiwakilisha [[Colombia]] katika mchezo wa rugby sevens akiwa sehemu ya [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Wanawake ya Colombia ya Rugby Sevens kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEDINA Khaterinne|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/khaterinne-medina|work=Rio 2016|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Kolombia]] c9cwrl2h55ey465o3g1kf0tid97yr70 1585288 1585222 2026-08-07T05:06:53Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khaterinne Medina''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[31 Oktoba]] [[1992]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[Raga|rugby]] sevens wa [[Kolombia|Colombia]]. Aliiwakilisha [[Colombia]] katika mchezo wa rugby sevens akiwa sehemu ya [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Wanawake ya Colombia ya Rugby Sevens kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MEDINA Khaterinne|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/khaterinne-medina|work=Rio 2016|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Kolombia]] bzre81v77xpue7lrfylwvd2928oumgt 1585356 1585288 2026-08-07T08:39:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khaterinne Medina''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[31 Oktoba]] [[1992]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[Raga|rugby]] sevens wa [[Kolombia|Colombia]]. Aliiwakilisha [[Colombia]] katika mchezo wa rugby sevens akiwa sehemu ya [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Wanawake ya Colombia ya Rugby Sevens kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya 2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MEDINA Khaterinne|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/khaterinne-medina|work=Rio 2016|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Kolombia]] 7w0gvouc6lmz64pxllkznvtospuwibt 0 243864 1585223 2026-08-07T03:28:39Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Juan F. Bennett Drummond''' (7 Juni 1864 – 4 Novemba 1926) alikuwa [[daktari]] wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1888, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika Mmarekani kupata leseni ya udaktari katika [[jimbo]] la Massachusetts, Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juan Bennett Drummond - Lighting the Way, Historic Women of the SouthCoast|url=https://historicwomensouthcoast.org/juan-bennett-drummond/|date=2019-06-20|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sarah Mink}}...' 1585223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan F. Bennett Drummond''' (7 Juni 1864 – 4 Novemba 1926) alikuwa [[daktari]] wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1888, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika Mmarekani kupata leseni ya udaktari katika [[jimbo]] la Massachusetts, Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juan Bennett Drummond - Lighting the Way, Historic Women of the SouthCoast|url=https://historicwomensouthcoast.org/juan-bennett-drummond/|date=2019-06-20|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sarah Mink}}</ref> == Wasifu == Drummond alizaliwa tarehe 7 Juni 1864 huko New Bedford, Massachusetts. Alikuwa mzao wa Paul Cuffe. Alihitimu kutoka [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya New Bedford mwaka 1883, na kutoka Chuo cha Tiba cha Wanawake cha Pennsylvania mwaka 1888.<ref>{{Citation|title=Article clipped from The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=1888-03-16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer/28855106/|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|pages=7|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1864]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1926]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] 3o6zqv15yj16moaq9w9w6etfp9hjbmy 1585290 1585223 2026-08-07T05:08:22Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan F. Bennett Drummond''' ([[7 Juni]] [[1864]] – [[4 Novemba]] [[1926]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1888, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza mwenye asili ya Afrika na Marekani kupata leseni ya udaktari katika [[jimbo]] la [[Massachusetts]], Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juan Bennett Drummond - Lighting the Way, Historic Women of the SouthCoast|url=https://historicwomensouthcoast.org/juan-bennett-drummond/|date=2019-06-20|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sarah Mink}}</ref> == Wasifu == Drummond alizaliwa tarehe 7 Juni 1864 huko New Bedford, Massachusetts. Alikuwa mzao wa Paul Cuffe. Alihitimu kutoka [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya New Bedford mwaka 1883, na kutoka Chuo cha Tiba cha Wanawake cha Pennsylvania mwaka 1888.<ref>{{Citation|title=Article clipped from The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=1888-03-16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer/28855106/|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|pages=7|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1864]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1926]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] hsk21cyd4vimi71sknlueflv30dverl 1585353 1585290 2026-08-07T08:30:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan F. Bennett Drummond''' ([[7 Juni]] [[1864]] – [[4 Novemba]] [[1926]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 1888, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza mwenye asili ya Afrika na Marekani kupata leseni ya udaktari katika [[jimbo]] la [[Massachusetts]], Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Juan Bennett Drummond - Lighting the Way, Historic Women of the SouthCoast|url=https://historicwomensouthcoast.org/juan-bennett-drummond/|date=2019-06-20|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=Sarah Mink}}</ref> == Wasifu == Drummond alizaliwa tarehe 7 Juni 1864 huko New Bedford, Massachusetts. Alikuwa mzao wa Paul Cuffe. Alihitimu kutoka [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya New Bedford mwaka 1883, na kutoka Chuo cha Tiba cha Wanawake cha Pennsylvania mwaka 1888.<ref>{{Citation|title=Article clipped from The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=1888-03-16|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer/28855106/|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|pages=7|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1864]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1926]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] 46s7m94jyzz9vi9piop6x9zy48tdeoa 0 243865 1585225 2026-08-07T03:32:08Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dora Lee Jones''' (amezaliwa tarehe 11 Oktoba 1889) alikuwa [[mfanyakazi]] wa kazi za nyumbani huko New York City mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa [[Kazi]] za Nyumbani (Domestic Workers' Union) huko Harlem mwaka 1934.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NWHM Exhibit: A History of Women in Industry|url=http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/industry/DWU.htm|work=www.nwhm.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://bo...' 1585225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dora Lee Jones''' (amezaliwa tarehe 11 Oktoba 1889) alikuwa [[mfanyakazi]] wa kazi za nyumbani huko New York City mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa [[Kazi]] za Nyumbani (Domestic Workers' Union) huko Harlem mwaka 1934.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NWHM Exhibit: A History of Women in Industry|url=http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/industry/DWU.htm|work=www.nwhm.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQzmjgSObrEC&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171|title=Race, Gender, and Work: A Multi-cultural Economic History of Women in the United States|last=Amott|first=Teresa L.|last2=Matthaei|first2=Julie A.|date=1996|publisher=South End Press|isbn=978-0-89608-537-4|language=en}}</ref> Chama hicho kilianzishwa na kundi la Wafini na Waafrika Wamarekani wachache huko California, ambao waliona umuhimu wa kupambana dhidi ya unyonyaji wa wafanyakazi Waafrika Wamarekani waliokuwa wakifanya kazi za nyumbani. == Madhumuni ya chama mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1900 == Kuanzishwa kwa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kazi za Nyumbani kulikuwa hatua ya kupigania kuondoa hali iliyofanana na [[utumwa]] katika kazi za nyumbani. Wanachama wa chama hicho walisaidia kutuma [[barua]] kwa viongozi wa makanisa ya Waafrika Wamarekani, ambako wafanyakazi hawa wa nyumbani walikuwa wakihudhuria. Walihimiza viongozi hao kuwafahamisha wanawake hao madhara wanayojiletea wao wenyewe na wengine kwa kwenda katika maeneo yaliyokuwa yakijulikana kama “soko la [[watumwa]]” (slave mart), ambako wafanyakazi wa nyumbani Waafrika Wamarekani walikuwa wakitafuta ajira, na kukubali mishahara midogo iliyotolewa na waajiri waliokuwa wakiwanyanyasa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ilfkmrgmpcnirmkynq2htxfbige8cgu 1585291 1585225 2026-08-07T05:11:44Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dora Lee Jones''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[11 Oktoba]] [[1889]]) alikuwa [[mfanyakazi]] wa kazi za nyumbani huko [[Jiji la New York|New York City]] mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa [[Kazi]] za Nyumbani (Domestic Workers' Union) huko Harlem mwaka 1934.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NWHM Exhibit: A History of Women in Industry|url=http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/industry/DWU.htm|work=www.nwhm.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQzmjgSObrEC&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171|title=Race, Gender, and Work: A Multi-cultural Economic History of Women in the United States|last=Amott|first=Teresa L.|last2=Matthaei|first2=Julie A.|date=1996|publisher=South End Press|isbn=978-0-89608-537-4|language=en}}</ref> Chama hicho kilianzishwa na kundi la Wafini na Waafrika Wamarekani wachache huko California, ambao waliona umuhimu wa kupambana dhidi ya unyonyaji wa wafanyakazi Waafrika Wamarekani waliokuwa wakifanya kazi za nyumbani. == Madhumuni ya chama mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1900 == Kuanzishwa kwa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kazi za Nyumbani kulikuwa hatua ya kupigania kuondoa hali iliyofanana na [[utumwa]] katika kazi za nyumbani. Wanachama wa chama hicho walisaidia kutuma [[barua]] kwa viongozi wa makanisa ya Waafrika Wamarekani, ambako wafanyakazi hawa wa nyumbani walikuwa wakihudhuria. Walihimiza viongozi hao kuwafahamisha wanawake hao madhara wanayojiletea wao wenyewe na wengine kwa kwenda katika maeneo yaliyokuwa yakijulikana kama “soko la [[watumwa]]” (slave mart), ambako wafanyakazi wa nyumbani Waafrika Wamarekani walikuwa wakitafuta ajira, na kukubali mishahara midogo iliyotolewa na waajiri waliokuwa wakiwanyanyasa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1889}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ex99dh4t8g78dhhld9k094qgli51asu 1585340 1585291 2026-08-07T07:42:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dora Lee Jones''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[11 Oktoba]] [[1889]]) alikuwa [[mfanyakazi]] wa kazi za nyumbani huko [[Jiji la New York|New York City]] mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20. Alisaidia kuanzisha Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa [[Kazi]] za Nyumbani (Domestic Workers' Union) huko Harlem mwaka 1934.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NWHM Exhibit: A History of Women in Industry|url=http://www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/industry/DWU.htm|work=www.nwhm.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQzmjgSObrEC&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171|title=Race, Gender, and Work: A Multi-cultural Economic History of Women in the United States|last=Amott|first=Teresa L.|last2=Matthaei|first2=Julie A.|date=1996|publisher=South End Press|isbn=978-0-89608-537-4|language=en}}</ref> Chama hicho kilianzishwa na kundi la Wafini na Waafrika Wamarekani wachache huko California, ambao waliona umuhimu wa kupambana dhidi ya unyonyaji wa wafanyakazi Waafrika Wamarekani waliokuwa wakifanya kazi za nyumbani. == Madhumuni ya chama mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1900 == Kuanzishwa kwa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kazi za Nyumbani kulikuwa hatua ya kupigania kuondoa hali iliyofanana na [[utumwa]] katika kazi za nyumbani. Wanachama wa chama hicho walisaidia kutuma [[barua]] kwa viongozi wa makanisa ya Waafrika Wamarekani, ambako wafanyakazi hawa wa nyumbani walikuwa wakihudhuria. Walihimiza viongozi hao kuwafahamisha wanawake hao madhara wanayojiletea wao wenyewe na wengine kwa kwenda katika maeneo yaliyokuwa yakijulikana kama “soko la [[watumwa]]” (slave mart), ambako wafanyakazi wa nyumbani Waafrika Wamarekani walikuwa wakitafuta ajira, na kukubali mishahara midogo iliyotolewa na waajiri waliokuwa wakiwanyanyasa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1889}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] jv7gkh6zhkuvi07u4w4hiht4dl241ru 0 243866 1585227 2026-08-07T03:36:18Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Olivia E. Raymond''', anayeandika kwa jina la kalamu Zelda Knight au Author Z. Knight, ni [[mwandishi]] na mhariri wa [[Marekani]]. == Elimu == Knight ana shahada ya uzamili (MA) katika [[Historia]] ya Umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Louisville. Kwa sasa ni mwanafunzi wa baada ya udaktari (post-doctorate) katika Masomo ya Pan-Afrika katika chuo hicho hicho. == Kazi == Anajulikana kama mhariri mwenza wa vitabu ''Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction...' 1585227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olivia E. Raymond''', anayeandika kwa jina la kalamu Zelda Knight au Author Z. Knight, ni [[mwandishi]] na mhariri wa [[Marekani]]. == Elimu == Knight ana shahada ya uzamili (MA) katika [[Historia]] ya Umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Louisville. Kwa sasa ni mwanafunzi wa baada ya udaktari (post-doctorate) katika Masomo ya Pan-Afrika katika chuo hicho hicho. == Kazi == Anajulikana kama mhariri mwenza wa vitabu ''Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction From Africa and the African Diaspora'' na ''Africa Risen''. Pia ni mchapishaji wa Aurelia Leo, kampuni ya uchapishaji wa [[hadithi]] za kubuni za kubuniwa (speculative fiction) iliyoko Louisville.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 British Fantasy Awards Winners|url=https://locusmag.com/2021/09/2021-british-fantasy-awards-winners/|work=Locus|date=2021-09-27|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=locusmag}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 This Is Horror Awards Winners|url=https://locusmag.com/2021/09/2020-this-is-horror-awards-winners/|work=Locus|date=2021-09-07|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=locusmag}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] h6eqnuu62h36u9cothjalqbugn0iw52 1585438 1585227 2026-08-07T11:39:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olivia E. Raymond''', anayeandika kwa jina la kalamu Zelda Knight au Author Z. Knight, ni [[mwandishi]] na mhariri wa [[Marekani]]. == Elimu == Knight ana shahada ya uzamili (MA) katika [[Historia]] ya Umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Louisville. Kwa sasa ni mwanafunzi wa baada ya udaktari (post-doctorate) katika Masomo ya Pan-Afrika katika chuo hicho hicho. == Kazi == Anajulikana kama mhariri mwenza wa vitabu ''Dominion: An Anthology of Speculative Fiction From Africa and the African Diaspora'' na ''Africa Risen''. Pia ni mchapishaji wa Aurelia Leo, kampuni ya uchapishaji wa [[hadithi]] za kubuni za kubuniwa (speculative fiction) iliyoko Louisville.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2021 British Fantasy Awards Winners|url=https://locusmag.com/2021/09/2021-british-fantasy-awards-winners/|work=Locus|date=2021-09-27|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=locusmag}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2020 This Is Horror Awards Winners|url=https://locusmag.com/2021/09/2020-this-is-horror-awards-winners/|work=Locus|date=2021-09-07|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en-US|author=locusmag}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 918gyiptka4ewcvk4h0nq8vi5idb7ys 0 243867 1585236 2026-08-07T04:04:41Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Ruth Elizabeth Booker Johns Ferguson (1902–1989) alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[urembo]] na mjasiriamali wa Marekani. Ferguson alizaliwa Salisbury, Maryland, akiwa mtoto wa mchungaji wa Kimetodisti, Joseph E. A. Johns (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1868). Familia yake ilihamia Philadelphia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 na kuishi Germantown. Baadaye aliolewa na daktari Emanuel Ralph Ferguson (1899–1985). Ferguson alijulikana sana kama [[mtaalamu]] wa masuala ya urembo na alikuw...' 1585236 wikitext text/x-wiki Ruth Elizabeth Booker Johns Ferguson (1902–1989) alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[urembo]] na mjasiriamali wa Marekani. Ferguson alizaliwa Salisbury, Maryland, akiwa mtoto wa mchungaji wa Kimetodisti, Joseph E. A. Johns (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1868). Familia yake ilihamia Philadelphia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 na kuishi Germantown. Baadaye aliolewa na daktari Emanuel Ralph Ferguson (1899–1985). Ferguson alijulikana sana kama [[mtaalamu]] wa masuala ya urembo na alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] Mweusi aliyefanikiwa huko Philadelphia katikati ya karne ya 20. Ferguson alikuwa mwanachama wa Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Wataalamu wa Utamaduni wa Urembo (National Beauty Culturists' League - NBCL), iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1919 huko Philadelphia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Join Now|url=http://www.nbcl.org/join.php|work=www.nbcl.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref>Kama Tiffany M. Gill anavyoeleza katika kitabu chake ''Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women's Activism in the Beauty Industry'', NBCL kilikuwa kituo cha kukuza uongozi wa wanawake Weusi wakati wa kipindi cha ubaguzi wa rangi cha Jim Crow. Ferguson pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Theta Nu Sigma, jumuiya iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1946 na Cordelia Green Johnson, mwanamke tajiri wa Chicago aliyekuwa mmiliki wa mali isiyohamishika na rais wa NBCL. Wanachama wa jumuiya hiyo walikuwa na shahada za kwanza zilizotolewa na Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Urembo (National Institute of Cosmetology). Ferguson aliwahi kuwa [[rais]] wa Theta Nu Sigma kwa miaka kadhaa. Katika miaka ya 1940, Ferguson pamoja na rafiki yake Naomi T. Fassett (1908–1983), walifungua tawi la Shule ya Urembo na Utamaduni ya Apex (Apex School of Beauty and Culture), mojawapo ya shule za kwanza za urembo kwa wanawake Weusi huko Philadelphia. Kwa njia hiyo, Ferguson anaweza kuonekana kama aliyeendeleza kazi iliyoanzishwa na Madame C. J. Walker. Shule hiyo iliyokuwa katika 525 S. Broad Street iliendelea kufanya kazi kwa miaka 35.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Archives |first=Hsp |date=2007 |title=Notes and Documents: Newly Available and Processed Collections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093918 |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=103–106 |issn=0031-4587}}</ref> Nyaraka za Ferguson zimehifadhiwa katika Jumuiya ya Kihistoria ya Pennsylvania. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] 0sq76we9ci0c1jow2h2va8iy9b1ppp2 1585293 1585236 2026-08-07T05:15:04Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585293 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Elizabeth Booker Johns Ferguson''' (1902–1989) alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[urembo]] na [[mjasiriamali]] wa [[Marekani]]. Ferguson alizaliwa [[Maryland|Salisbury, Maryland,]] akiwa mtoto wa mchungaji wa Kimetodisti, Joseph E. A. Johns (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1868). Familia yake ilihamia Philadelphia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 na kuishi Germantown. Baadaye aliolewa na daktari Emanuel Ralph Ferguson (1899–1985). Ferguson alijulikana sana kama [[mtaalamu]] wa masuala ya urembo na alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] Mweusi aliyefanikiwa huko Philadelphia katikati ya karne ya 20. Ferguson alikuwa mwanachama wa Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Wataalamu wa Utamaduni wa Urembo (National Beauty Culturists' League - NBCL), iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1919 huko Philadelphia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Join Now|url=http://www.nbcl.org/join.php|work=www.nbcl.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref>Kama Tiffany M. Gill anavyoeleza katika kitabu chake ''Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women's Activism in the Beauty Industry'', NBCL kilikuwa kituo cha kukuza uongozi wa wanawake Weusi wakati wa kipindi cha ubaguzi wa rangi cha Jim Crow. Ferguson pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Theta Nu Sigma, jumuiya iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1946 na Cordelia Green Johnson, mwanamke tajiri wa [[Chicago]] aliyekuwa mmiliki wa mali isiyohamishika na rais wa NBCL. Wanachama wa jumuiya hiyo walikuwa na shahada za kwanza zilizotolewa na Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Urembo (National Institute of Cosmetology). Ferguson aliwahi kuwa [[rais]] wa Theta Nu Sigma kwa miaka kadhaa. Katika miaka ya 1940, Ferguson pamoja na rafiki yake Naomi T. Fassett (1908–1983), walifungua tawi la Shule ya Urembo na Utamaduni ya Apex (Apex School of Beauty and Culture), mojawapo ya shule za kwanza za urembo kwa wanawake Weusi huko Philadelphia. Kwa njia hiyo, Ferguson anaweza kuonekana kama aliyeendeleza kazi iliyoanzishwa na Madame C. J. Walker. Shule hiyo iliyokuwa katika 525 S. Broad Street iliendelea kufanya kazi kwa miaka 35.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Archives |first=Hsp |date=2007 |title=Notes and Documents: Newly Available and Processed Collections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093918 |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=103–106 |issn=0031-4587}}</ref> Nyaraka za Ferguson zimehifadhiwa katika Jumuiya ya Kihistoria ya Pennsylvania. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] hny09k3opkwtpn9oa3t48ux2ponadbj 1585412 1585293 2026-08-07T10:44:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Elizabeth Booker Johns Ferguson''' (1902–1989) alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[urembo]] na [[mjasiriamali]] wa [[Marekani]]. Ferguson alizaliwa [[Maryland|Salisbury, Maryland,]] akiwa mtoto wa mchungaji wa Kimetodisti, Joseph E. A. Johns (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1868). Familia yake ilihamia Philadelphia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 na kuishi Germantown. Baadaye aliolewa na daktari Emanuel Ralph Ferguson (1899–1985). Ferguson alijulikana sana kama [[mtaalamu]] wa masuala ya urembo na alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] Mweusi aliyefanikiwa huko Philadelphia katikati ya karne ya 20. Ferguson alikuwa mwanachama wa Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Wataalamu wa Utamaduni wa Urembo (National Beauty Culturists' League - NBCL), iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1919 huko Philadelphia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Join Now|url=http://www.nbcl.org/join.php|work=www.nbcl.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref>Kama Tiffany M. Gill anavyoeleza katika kitabu chake ''Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women's Activism in the Beauty Industry'', NBCL kilikuwa kituo cha kukuza uongozi wa wanawake Weusi wakati wa kipindi cha ubaguzi wa rangi cha Jim Crow. Ferguson pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Theta Nu Sigma, jumuiya iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1946 na Cordelia Green Johnson, mwanamke tajiri wa [[Chicago]] aliyekuwa mmiliki wa mali isiyohamishika na rais wa NBCL. Wanachama wa jumuiya hiyo walikuwa na shahada za kwanza zilizotolewa na Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Urembo (National Institute of Cosmetology). Ferguson aliwahi kuwa [[rais]] wa Theta Nu Sigma kwa miaka kadhaa. Katika miaka ya 1940, Ferguson pamoja na rafiki yake Naomi T. Fassett (1908–1983), walifungua tawi la Shule ya Urembo na Utamaduni ya Apex (Apex School of Beauty and Culture), mojawapo ya shule za kwanza za urembo kwa wanawake Weusi huko Philadelphia. Kwa njia hiyo, Ferguson anaweza kuonekana kama aliyeendeleza kazi iliyoanzishwa na Madame C. J. Walker. Shule hiyo iliyokuwa katika 525 S. Broad Street iliendelea kufanya kazi kwa miaka 35.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Archives |first=Hsp |date=2007 |title=Notes and Documents: Newly Available and Processed Collections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093918 |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=103–106 |issn=0031-4587}}</ref> Nyaraka za Ferguson zimehifadhiwa katika Jumuiya ya Kihistoria ya Pennsylvania. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] 8ydc2ylso90nxkvd3i5zhlx66ku0yqr 0 243868 1585242 2026-08-07T04:15:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nelarine Estella Cornelius''' ni [[profesa]] wa masomo ya mashirika katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Queen Mary cha London, [[Uingereza]]. Awali alikuwa profesa wa masomo ya mashirika katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bradford. Utafiti wa Cornelius unahusu nafasi ya biashara katika jamii, maendeleo ya mbinu za usimamizi katika nchi zinazoibukia kiuchumi, na masuala ya [[haki]] ya kijamii. == Maisha ya awali == Alipata [[shahada]] yake ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka Chuo Kikuu c...' 1585242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelarine Estella Cornelius''' ni [[profesa]] wa masomo ya mashirika katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Queen Mary cha London, [[Uingereza]]. Awali alikuwa profesa wa masomo ya mashirika katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bradford. Utafiti wa Cornelius unahusu nafasi ya biashara katika jamii, maendeleo ya mbinu za usimamizi katika nchi zinazoibukia kiuchumi, na masuala ya [[haki]] ya kijamii. == Maisha ya awali == Alipata [[shahada]] yake ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Manchester.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nelarine Cornelius - School of Business and Management|url=http://www.busman.qmul.ac.uk:80/staff/corneliusn.html|work=www.busman.qmul.ac.uk|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] noha1zg1ttra7hh3xoc391m6rnm0t59 1585304 1585242 2026-08-07T05:32:34Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelarine Estella Cornelius''' ni [[profesa]] wa masomo ya mashirika katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Queen Mary]] cha [[London]], [[Uingereza]]. Awali alikuwa profesa wa masomo ya mashirika katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bradford]]. Utafiti wa Cornelius unahusu nafasi ya biashara katika jamii, maendeleo ya mbinu za usimamizi katika nchi zinazoibukia kiuchumi, na masuala ya [[haki]] ya kijamii. == Maisha ya awali == Alipata [[shahada]] yake ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Manchester.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nelarine Cornelius - School of Business and Management|url=http://www.busman.qmul.ac.uk:80/staff/corneliusn.html|work=www.busman.qmul.ac.uk|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ovchgl1eurs6x33o9e5kvir5g33e63a 1585307 1585304 2026-08-07T05:40:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelarine Estella Cornelius''' ni [[profesa]] wa masomo ya mashirika katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Queen Mary]] cha [[London]], [[Uingereza]]. Awali alikuwa profesa wa masomo ya mashirika katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bradford]]. Utafiti wa Cornelius unahusu nafasi ya biashara katika jamii, maendeleo ya mbinu za usimamizi katika nchi zinazoibukia kiuchumi, na masuala ya [[haki]] ya kijamii. == Maisha ya awali == Alipata [[shahada]] yake ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Manchester.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nelarine Cornelius - School of Business and Management|url=http://www.busman.qmul.ac.uk:80/staff/corneliusn.html|work=www.busman.qmul.ac.uk|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] ig4gfas6hgoxwuq13wsv1y22qpxe0te 0 243869 1585243 2026-08-07T04:18:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mildred Davenport''' (Novemba 12, 1900 – 1990) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani wa Broadway na [[mwalimu]] wa dansi. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa Roxbury, Massachusetts, akiwa mtoto wa Mary Davenport na Samuel Davenport, aliyekuwa mfanyakazi wa reli ya Pullman. Alihudhuria Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Boston na kuhitimu mwaka 1918. Baadaye aliende...' 1585243 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mildred Davenport''' (Novemba 12, 1900 – 1990) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani wa Broadway na [[mwalimu]] wa dansi. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa Roxbury, Massachusetts, akiwa mtoto wa Mary Davenport na Samuel Davenport, aliyekuwa mfanyakazi wa reli ya Pullman. Alihudhuria Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Boston na kuhitimu mwaka 1918. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo katika [[Shule]] ya Sargent ya Utamaduni wa Mwili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Boston. Baada ya hapo alisoma dansi chini ya mwalimu Ted Shawn. Katika miaka ya 1920, alifungua [[shule]] yake ya kwanza ya dansi, Davenport School of Dance, ambako alifundisha kwa miaka kumi. Mwaka 1932, alianzisha shule yake ya pili ya dansi, Silver Box Studio, iliyokuwa katika 522 Columbus Avenue huko Boston.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mildred Davenport dance programs and dance school materials, 1914-1942 - OAC|url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4s200680/|work=oac.cdlib.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1930, alishiriki katika [[muziki]] na maonyesho mbalimbali ya Broadway, yakiwemo ''Blackbirds'' na ''Flying Colors''. Wakati huo ambapo ilikuwa nadra kwa waigizaji Waafrika-Mmarekani na wazungu kuonekana pamoja jukwaani, yeye alicheza pamoja na wasanii kama Imogene Coca na Clifton Webb. Mwaka 1938, alicheza tafsiri za nyimbo za kiroho (spirituals) pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops, na hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza na Boston Pops. Pia alifanya ziara katika Pwani ya Mashariki ya Marekani kwa miaka mitano kupitia onyesho lililoitwa ''Chocolate Review''. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1900]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] 7lz0kl9bwm5a47adhc91tsgo5umhgtf 1585255 1585243 2026-08-07T04:29:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mildred Davenport''' (Novemba 12, 1900 – 1990) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani wa Broadway na [[mwalimu]] wa dansi. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa Roxbury, Massachusetts, akiwa mtoto wa Mary Davenport na Samuel Davenport, aliyekuwa mfanyakazi wa reli ya Pullman. Alihudhuria Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Boston na kuhitimu mwaka 1918. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo katika [[Shule]] ya Sargent ya Utamaduni wa Mwili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Boston. Baada ya hapo alisoma dansi chini ya mwalimu Ted Shawn. Katika miaka ya 1920, alifungua [[shule]] yake ya kwanza ya dansi, Davenport School of Dance, ambako alifundisha kwa miaka kumi. Mwaka 1932, alianzisha shule yake ya pili ya dansi, Silver Box Studio, iliyokuwa katika 522 Columbus Avenue huko Boston.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mildred Davenport dance programs and dance school materials, 1914-1942 - OAC|url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4s200680/|work=oac.cdlib.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1930, alishiriki katika [[muziki]] na maonyesho mbalimbali ya Broadway, yakiwemo ''Blackbirds'' na ''Flying Colors''. Wakati huo ambapo ilikuwa nadra kwa waigizaji Waafrika-Mmarekani na wazungu kuonekana pamoja jukwaani, yeye alicheza pamoja na wasanii kama Imogene Coca na Clifton Webb. Mwaka 1938, alicheza tafsiri za nyimbo za kiroho (spirituals) pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops, na hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza na Boston Pops. Pia alifanya ziara katika Pwani ya Mashariki ya Marekani kwa miaka mitano kupitia onyesho lililoitwa ''Chocolate Review''. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1900]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] tou0nb0wv17cfkmvww1n0yhk08qr9l7 1585305 1585255 2026-08-07T05:34:08Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mildred Davenport''' (Novemba 12, 1900 – 1990) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Afrika|Kiafrika]] na [[Marekani]] wa Broadway na [[mwalimu]] wa dansi. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa Roxbury, Massachusetts, akiwa mtoto wa Mary Davenport na Samuel Davenport, aliyekuwa mfanyakazi wa reli ya Pullman. Alihudhuria Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Boston na kuhitimu mwaka 1918. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo katika [[Shule]] ya Sargent ya Utamaduni wa Mwili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Boston. Baada ya hapo alisoma dansi chini ya mwalimu Ted Shawn. Katika miaka ya 1920, alifungua [[shule]] yake ya kwanza ya dansi, Davenport School of Dance, ambako alifundisha kwa miaka kumi. Mwaka 1932, alianzisha shule yake ya pili ya dansi, Silver Box Studio, iliyokuwa katika 522 Columbus Avenue huko Boston.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mildred Davenport dance programs and dance school materials, 1914-1942 - OAC|url=https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4s200680/|work=oac.cdlib.org|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1930, alishiriki katika [[muziki]] na maonyesho mbalimbali ya Broadway, yakiwemo ''Blackbirds'' na ''Flying Colors''. Wakati huo ambapo ilikuwa nadra kwa waigizaji Waafrika-Mmarekani na wazungu kuonekana pamoja jukwaani, yeye alicheza pamoja na wasanii kama Imogene Coca na Clifton Webb. Mwaka 1938, alicheza tafsiri za nyimbo za kiroho (spirituals) pamoja na okestra ya Boston Pops, na hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kiafrika-Mmarekani kutumbuiza na Boston Pops. Pia alifanya ziara katika Pwani ya Mashariki ya Marekani kwa miaka mitano kupitia onyesho lililoitwa ''Chocolate Review''. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1900]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] qjeizvbcfrvical5kkb5um20udlmaw0 0 243870 1585244 2026-08-07T04:21:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Lou Parks''' (Julai 24, 1939 – Agosti 23, 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[jimbo]] la Michigan. == Maisha ya awali == Parks alizaliwa tarehe 24 Julai 1939 huko Anderson, South Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislator Details - Legislators|url=https://mdoe.state.mi.us/legislators/legislator/LegislatorDetail/3212|work=mdoe.state.mi.us|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Elimu == Parks alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Wayne State. == Marejeo == <...' 1585244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Lou Parks''' (Julai 24, 1939 – Agosti 23, 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[jimbo]] la Michigan. == Maisha ya awali == Parks alizaliwa tarehe 24 Julai 1939 huko Anderson, South Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislator Details - Legislators|url=https://mdoe.state.mi.us/legislators/legislator/LegislatorDetail/3212|work=mdoe.state.mi.us|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Elimu == Parks alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Wayne State. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] mquh5jp86isio79jf2ju3sfgy6mhy61 1585367 1585244 2026-08-07T09:25:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Lou Parks''' (Julai 24, 1939 – Agosti 23, 2015) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[jimbo]] la Michigan. == Maisha ya awali == Parks alizaliwa tarehe 24 Julai 1939 huko Anderson, South Carolina.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Legislator Details - Legislators|url=https://mdoe.state.mi.us/legislators/legislator/LegislatorDetail/3212|work=mdoe.state.mi.us|accessdate=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Elimu == Parks alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Wayne State. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] pi3qn1xlhaea2pplsz1jc2sgrax9jab 0 243871 1585245 2026-08-07T04:22:26Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Xue Xiangdong''' (Alizaliwa [[1958]] au [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]], mwenyekiti wa ''DHC Software'', kampuni ya programu ya matumizi ya viwanda ya China.Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Hunan mwaka [[1978]].Aliondoka katika kampuni inayomilikiwa na serikali mwaka [[1992]] kufanya kazi kama mwakilishi wa China wa kampuni ya programu ya [[Kanada]], na alikopa pesa kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe ya programu mwaka [[1993]]. Mwa...' 1585245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xue Xiangdong''' (Alizaliwa [[1958]] au [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]], mwenyekiti wa ''DHC Software'', kampuni ya programu ya matumizi ya viwanda ya China.Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Hunan mwaka [[1978]].Aliondoka katika kampuni inayomilikiwa na serikali mwaka [[1992]] kufanya kazi kama mwakilishi wa China wa kampuni ya programu ya [[Kanada]], na alikopa pesa kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe ya programu mwaka [[1993]]. Mwaka [[2001]], alianzisha DHC Software. Kufikia Machi [[2022]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 1.9. Ameoa na anaishi [[Beijing]].<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Xue Xiangdong |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/xue-xiangdong/ |website=Forbes |access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kd7jnbk4tz4vnhk64mylc14qzqozata 0 243872 1585247 2026-08-07T04:24:23Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mal Johnson''' (Julai 4, 1924 – Novemba 7, 2007) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[habari]] wa [[Marekani]] na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa Ikulu ya Marekani (White House correspondent). == Maisha ya awali == Johnson alizaliwa akiwa na jina la Malvyn Hooser tarehe 4 Julai 1924 huko Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alijilipia masomo yake katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Temple wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya...' 1585247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mal Johnson''' (Julai 4, 1924 – Novemba 7, 2007) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[habari]] wa [[Marekani]] na mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa Ikulu ya Marekani (White House correspondent). == Maisha ya awali == Johnson alizaliwa akiwa na jina la Malvyn Hooser tarehe 4 Julai 1924 huko Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alijilipia masomo yake katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Temple wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia kwa kufanya [[kazi]] kama mfumaji wa vipande vya chuma (riveter). Baadaye Johnson alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule na akaolewa na afisa wa Jeshi la Anga la Marekani, Frank Johnson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foremother and Health Policy Hero Awards Luncheons - National Center for Health Research|url=https://www.center4research.org/foremother-health-policy-hero-awards/|date=2018-05-07|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|author=Amelia Murphy}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 06g75f2bguxy121ms88a9184gw93ok0 1585314 1585247 2026-08-07T06:08:00Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mal Johnson''' ([[4 Julai|Julai 4]], [[1924]] – [[7 Novemba|Novemba 7]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[habari]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[Mwanaharakati|mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia]]. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa Ikulu ya Marekani (White House correspondent). == Maisha ya awali == Johnson alizaliwa akiwa na jina la Malvyn Hooser tarehe 4 Julai 1924 huko Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alijilipia masomo yake katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Temple wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia kwa kufanya [[kazi]] kama mfumaji wa vipande vya chuma (riveter). Baadaye Johnson alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule na akaolewa na afisa wa Jeshi la Anga la Marekani, Frank Johnson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Foremother and Health Policy Hero Awards Luncheons - National Center for Health Research|url=https://www.center4research.org/foremother-health-policy-hero-awards/|date=2018-05-07|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|author=Amelia Murphy}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] nv4wogjqw2bm0vrpyk0qfb3of26wab2 1585366 1585314 2026-08-07T09:18:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mal Johnson''' ([[4 Julai|Julai 4]], [[1924]] – [[7 Novemba|Novemba 7]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[habari]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[Mwanaharakati|mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia]]. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa Ikulu ya Marekani (White House correspondent). == Maisha ya awali == Johnson alizaliwa akiwa na jina la Malvyn Hooser tarehe 4 Julai 1924 huko Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alijilipia masomo yake katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Temple wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia kwa kufanya [[kazi]] kama mfumaji wa vipande vya chuma (riveter). Baadaye Johnson alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule na akaolewa na afisa wa Jeshi la Anga la Marekani, Frank Johnson.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Foremother and Health Policy Hero Awards Luncheons - National Center for Health Research|url=https://www.center4research.org/foremother-health-policy-hero-awards/|date=2018-05-07|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|author=Amelia Murphy}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] oei0zvimy4s6xmhe55o8pezzmf1mwak 0 243873 1585253 2026-08-07T04:29:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Xu Ming''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili]] [[1971]] – alifariki [[Desemba 4]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi wa shirika la makampuni la ''Dalian Shide Group'', na mwenyekiti wa ''Dalian Shide F.C.'', klabu kuu ya soka ya China katika miaka ya 2000. Mwaka [[2005]], [[Forbes]] ilimweka kama mtu wa nane tajiri zaidi nchini China, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.05<ref name="barboza">{{cite news |title=China Bo...' 1585253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xu Ming''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili]] [[1971]] – alifariki [[Desemba 4]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi wa shirika la makampuni la ''Dalian Shide Group'', na mwenyekiti wa ''Dalian Shide F.C.'', klabu kuu ya soka ya China katika miaka ya 2000. Mwaka [[2005]], [[Forbes]] ilimweka kama mtu wa nane tajiri zaidi nchini China, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.05<ref name="barboza">{{cite news |title=China Boss's Fall Puts Focus on a Business Ally |author=David Barboza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/22/world/asia/china-bosss-fall-puts-focus-on-business-ally.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/74/C3NB.html |title=#8 Xu Ming |work=Forbes |access-date=23 August 2013}}</ref>. ''Hurun Report'' ya mwaka [[2013]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa karibu dola milioni 490, akishika nafasi ya 676 nchini China.<ref name="montlake">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonmontlake/2013/08/22/chinas-political-show-trial-exposes-dalian-tycoon-can-his-company-survive/ |title=China's Political Show Trial Exposes Dalian Tycoon. Can His Company Survive? |author=Simon Montlake |work=Forbes |date=22 August 2013 |access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] fr9niitcnzvahjggwrp08qscp0sprpk 1585301 1585253 2026-08-07T05:29:05Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xu Ming''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili]] [[1971]] – alifariki [[Desemba 4]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi wa shirika la makampuni la ''Dalian Shide Group'', na mwenyekiti wa ''Dalian Shide F.C.'', klabu kuu ya soka ya China katika miaka ya 2000. Mwaka [[2005]], [[Forbes]] ilimweka kama mtu wa nane tajiri zaidi nchini China, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.05<ref name="barboza">{{cite news |title=China Boss's Fall Puts Focus on a Business Ally |author=David Barboza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/22/world/asia/china-bosss-fall-puts-focus-on-business-ally.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/74/C3NB.html |title=#8 Xu Ming |work=Forbes |access-date=23 August 2013}}</ref>. ''Hurun Report'' ya mwaka [[2013]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa karibu dola milioni 490, akishika nafasi ya 676 nchini China.<ref name="montlake">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonmontlake/2013/08/22/chinas-political-show-trial-exposes-dalian-tycoon-can-his-company-survive/ |title=China's Political Show Trial Exposes Dalian Tycoon. Can His Company Survive? |author=Simon Montlake |work=Forbes |date=22 August 2013 |access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] k6fccm9q3u8zbnj9vsca5xdb371846l 1585326 1585301 2026-08-07T06:42:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xu Ming''' ([[Aprili]] [[1971]] – [[Desemba 4]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi wa shirika la makampuni la ''Dalian Shide Group'', na mwenyekiti wa ''Dalian Shide F.C.'', klabu kuu ya soka ya China katika miaka ya 2000. Mwaka [[2005]], [[Forbes]] ilimweka kama mtu wa nane tajiri zaidi nchini China, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.05<ref name="barboza">{{cite news |title=China Boss's Fall Puts Focus on a Business Ally |author=David Barboza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/22/world/asia/china-bosss-fall-puts-focus-on-business-ally.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/74/C3NB.html |title=#8 Xu Ming |work=Forbes |access-date=23 August 2013}}</ref>. ''Hurun Report'' ya mwaka [[2013]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa karibu dola milioni 490, akishika nafasi ya 676 nchini China.<ref name="montlake">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonmontlake/2013/08/22/chinas-political-show-trial-exposes-dalian-tycoon-can-his-company-survive/ |title=China's Political Show Trial Exposes Dalian Tycoon. Can His Company Survive? |author=Simon Montlake |work=Forbes |date=22 August 2013 |access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] lm461gewfoqdcim8dzvlbk4p8pfsl5a 0 243874 1585266 2026-08-07T04:41:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Xu Hang''' (alizaliwa [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kimataifa ya vifaa vya matibabu yenye makao yake Shenzhen ''Mindray Medical International''.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/xu-hang/?sh=1abbf42d4593 |title=Xu Hang |publisher=Forbes |accessdate=2022-04-17}} </ref>Xu Hang ana shahada ya sayansi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tsinghua. Baadaye alisoma Shahada ya...' 1585266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xu Hang''' (alizaliwa [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kimataifa ya vifaa vya matibabu yenye makao yake Shenzhen ''Mindray Medical International''.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/xu-hang/?sh=1abbf42d4593 |title=Xu Hang |publisher=Forbes |accessdate=2022-04-17}} </ref>Xu Hang ana shahada ya sayansi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tsinghua. Baadaye alisoma Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika uhandisi wa biomedical katika Idara ya Uhandisi wa Umeme ya Tsinghua. Baada ya kuhitimu, Xu alijulikana kwa kuvumbua mashine ya kwanza ya ndani ya China ya B-ultrasound ya rangi, ambayo alishinda Tuzo ya Kitaifa ya Maendeleo<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctbuh.org/people-profile/hang-xu |title=Hang Xu |publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat |accessdate=2022-04-17}} </ref>. Mwaka [[1991]], alikua mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Mindray, pamoja na Li Xiting na Cheng Minghe , ambayo upesi ikawa mtengenezaji mkubwa wa vifaa vya matibabu vya teknolojia ya juu nchini. Mwaka [[2001]], Xu pia alianzisha ''Pengrui Investment Group Co., Ltd'' ambayo inalenga katika ulinzi wa mazingira wa teknolojia ya juu, majengo, na maendeleo ya miradi ya utalii wa ikolojia. Mwaka [[2012]], alijiuzulu kutoka nafasi ya mwenyekiti mwenza wa Mindray lakini aliendelea kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa kampuni hiyo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/mindray-medical-s-b-mr-xu-hang-b-has-resigned-from-co-ceo-/ |title=Mindray Medical's Mr. Xu Hang Has Resigned From Co-CEO |date=2012-11-06 |publisher=BioSpace |accessdate=2022-04-17}} </ref> Xu aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea wa dunia ya mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.1 na akachukua nafasi ya 113 duniani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClain |first=James |date=2024-04-16 |title=A Chinese Billionaire Just Spent More Than $250 Million on Lavish Mansions Spanning Half the Globe |url=https://robbreport.com/shelter/celebrity-homes/xu-hang-house-beverly-hills-hong-kong-1235583972/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Robb Report |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r5r5s4mpujd2ah8rumvnjcdtc090c7b 1585303 1585266 2026-08-07T05:31:00Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xu Hang''' (alizaliwa [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kimataifa ya vifaa vya matibabu yenye makao yake Shenzhen ''Mindray Medical International''.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/xu-hang/?sh=1abbf42d4593|title=Xu Hang|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=2022-04-17}}</ref>Xu Hang ana shahada ya sayansi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tsinghua. Baadaye alisoma Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika uhandisi wa biomedical katika Idara ya Uhandisi wa Umeme ya Tsinghua. Baada ya kuhitimu, Xu alijulikana kwa kuvumbua mashine ya kwanza ya ndani ya China ya B-ultrasound ya rangi, ambayo alishinda Tuzo ya Kitaifa ya Maendeleo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctbuh.org/people-profile/hang-xu|title=Hang Xu|publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|accessdate=2022-04-17}}</ref>. Mwaka [[1991]], alikua mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Mindray, pamoja na Li Xiting na Cheng Minghe , ambayo upesi ikawa mtengenezaji mkubwa wa vifaa vya matibabu vya teknolojia ya juu nchini. Mwaka [[2001]], Xu pia alianzisha ''Pengrui Investment Group Co., Ltd'' ambayo inalenga katika ulinzi wa mazingira wa teknolojia ya juu, majengo, na maendeleo ya miradi ya utalii wa ikolojia. Mwaka [[2012]], alijiuzulu kutoka nafasi ya mwenyekiti mwenza wa Mindray lakini aliendelea kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa kampuni hiyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/mindray-medical-s-b-mr-xu-hang-b-has-resigned-from-co-ceo-/|title=Mindray Medical's Mr. Xu Hang Has Resigned From Co-CEO|date=2012-11-06|publisher=BioSpace|accessdate=2022-04-17}}</ref> Xu aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea wa dunia ya mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.1 na akachukua nafasi ya 113 duniani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClain |first=James |date=2024-04-16 |title=A Chinese Billionaire Just Spent More Than $250 Million on Lavish Mansions Spanning Half the Globe |url=https://robbreport.com/shelter/celebrity-homes/xu-hang-house-beverly-hills-hong-kong-1235583972/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Robb Report |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 672qavga7iauk030igff3vvja7xzxm9 1585431 1585303 2026-08-07T11:35:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xu Hang''' (alizaliwa [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kimataifa ya vifaa vya matibabu yenye makao yake Shenzhen ''Mindray Medical International''.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/xu-hang/?sh=1abbf42d4593|title=Xu Hang|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=2022-04-17}}</ref>Xu Hang ana shahada ya sayansi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tsinghua. Baadaye alisoma Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika uhandisi wa biomedical katika Idara ya Uhandisi wa Umeme ya Tsinghua. Baada ya kuhitimu, Xu alijulikana kwa kuvumbua mashine ya kwanza ya ndani ya China ya B-ultrasound ya rangi, ambayo alishinda Tuzo ya Kitaifa ya Maendeleo<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctbuh.org/people-profile/hang-xu|title=Hang Xu|publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|accessdate=2022-04-17}}</ref>. Mwaka [[1991]], alikua mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Mindray, pamoja na Li Xiting na Cheng Minghe , ambayo upesi ikawa mtengenezaji mkubwa wa vifaa vya matibabu vya teknolojia ya juu nchini. Mwaka [[2001]], Xu pia alianzisha ''Pengrui Investment Group Co., Ltd'' ambayo inalenga katika ulinzi wa mazingira wa teknolojia ya juu, majengo, na maendeleo ya miradi ya utalii wa ikolojia. Mwaka [[2012]], alijiuzulu kutoka nafasi ya mwenyekiti mwenza wa Mindray lakini aliendelea kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa kampuni hiyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/mindray-medical-s-b-mr-xu-hang-b-has-resigned-from-co-ceo-/|title=Mindray Medical's Mr. Xu Hang Has Resigned From Co-CEO|date=2012-11-06|publisher=BioSpace|accessdate=2022-04-17}}</ref> Xu aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea wa dunia ya mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.1 na akachukua nafasi ya 113 duniani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=McClain |first=James |date=2024-04-16 |title=A Chinese Billionaire Just Spent More Than $250 Million on Lavish Mansions Spanning Half the Globe |url=https://robbreport.com/shelter/celebrity-homes/xu-hang-house-beverly-hills-hong-kong-1235583972/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Robb Report |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] i583mh0k5lha2aotxdp39fh58093zma 0 243875 1585272 2026-08-07T04:46:38Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Xiao Jianhua''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 13]], [[1972]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[China]] anayejulikana kwa kusimamia mali kwa ajili ya vizazi vya viongozi mashuhuri wa China<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Canada says denied access to trial of Chinese-Canadian tycoon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/5/canada-says-denied-access-to-trial-of-chinese-canadian-tycoon |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.alj...' 1585272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xiao Jianhua''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 13]], [[1972]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[China]] anayejulikana kwa kusimamia mali kwa ajili ya vizazi vya viongozi mashuhuri wa China<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Canada says denied access to trial of Chinese-Canadian tycoon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/5/canada-says-denied-access-to-trial-of-chinese-canadian-tycoon |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> . Alichukuliwa kutoka [[Hong Kong]] kwenda China mwaka [[2017]]. Wanadiplomasia wa Kanada walinyimwa ufikiaji wa kesi yake na mahakama ya [[Shanghai]], ambayo ilimhukumu kifungo cha miaka 13 jela na kulipa faini ya kampuni yake zaidi ya dola bilioni 8 kwa ubadhirifu na rushwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese-Canadian tycoon who vanished set for trial, embassy says |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/4/chinese-canadian-tycoon-who-vanished-set-for-trial-embassy-says |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-19 |title=Billionaire Xiao Jianhua jailed for 13 years in China |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-62605879 |access-date=2024-07-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a9464nb66qigkvramkrnwdkwlr97g5q 1585430 1585272 2026-08-07T11:35:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1585430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xiao Jianhua''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 13]], [[1972]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[China]] anayejulikana kwa kusimamia mali kwa ajili ya vizazi vya viongozi mashuhuri wa China<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Canada says denied access to trial of Chinese-Canadian tycoon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/5/canada-says-denied-access-to-trial-of-chinese-canadian-tycoon |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> . Alichukuliwa kutoka [[Hong Kong]] kwenda China mwaka [[2017]]. Wanadiplomasia wa Kanada walinyimwa ufikiaji wa kesi yake na mahakama ya [[Shanghai]], ambayo ilimhukumu kifungo cha miaka 13 jela na kulipa faini ya kampuni yake zaidi ya dola bilioni 8 kwa ubadhirifu na rushwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Chinese-Canadian tycoon who vanished set for trial, embassy says |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/7/4/chinese-canadian-tycoon-who-vanished-set-for-trial-embassy-says |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2022-08-19 |title=Billionaire Xiao Jianhua jailed for 13 years in China |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-62605879 |access-date=2024-07-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 006anr8ied0xcn58ygu8ugcol0b2777 0 243876 1585277 2026-08-07T04:53:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tony Xia''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]].<ref name="G1">{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|title=Tony Xia hopes revamp will turn Aston Villa into one of world's top three clubs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/19/tony-xia-revamp-aston-villa-top-three-world-owner|website=The Guardian|accessdate=20 May 2016|date=19 May 2016}}</ref>Yeye ni mwenyekiti, afisa mkuu mtendaji na mmiliki wa ''Recon Group''.Xia anajitambulis...' 1585277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tony Xia''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]].<ref name="G1">{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|title=Tony Xia hopes revamp will turn Aston Villa into one of world's top three clubs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/may/19/tony-xia-revamp-aston-villa-top-three-world-owner|website=The Guardian|accessdate=20 May 2016|date=19 May 2016}}</ref>Yeye ni mwenyekiti, afisa mkuu mtendaji na mmiliki wa ''Recon Group''.Xia anajitambulisha kama milionea aliyejijenga mwenyewe. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2018]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa [[Pauni ya Uingereza|pauni]] bilioni 1.<ref name="BP_Jan2018">{{cite web|last1=Strachan|first1=Ian|title=Rich List 2018: No.7= - Dr Tony Xia|url=https://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/rich-list-2018-no7-dr-14132081|website=birminghampost|accessdate=19 May 2018|date=25 January 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d4xdrvv1hz2g38m4ppr69y31hfza7v6 0 243877 1585289 2026-08-07T05:07:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yan Yude''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye utajiri wake unatokana na hisa zake katika ''Virscend'', kampuni ya kibinafsi ya elimu ya China. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Sichuan na anaishi [[Chengdu]].Aliweka na jarida la Forbes kwenye listi ya wachina matajiri mnamo mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajir wa dola bilioni 1.2 mwaka [[2018]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/yan-yude/|access-date=2022-02-...' 1585289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yan Yude''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye utajiri wake unatokana na hisa zake katika ''Virscend'', kampuni ya kibinafsi ya elimu ya China. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Sichuan na anaishi [[Chengdu]].Aliweka na jarida la Forbes kwenye listi ya wachina matajiri mnamo mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajir wa dola bilioni 1.2 mwaka [[2018]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/yan-yude/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Forbes|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/19856994|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Bloomberg|lang=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p4d7ckrae83by9wvmv71ltuwfohrizr 1585302 1585289 2026-08-07T05:29:25Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yan Yude''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye utajiri wake unatokana na hisa zake katika ''Virscend'', kampuni ya kibinafsi ya elimu ya China. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Sichuan na anaishi [[Chengdu]].Aliweka na jarida la Forbes kwenye listi ya wachina matajiri mnamo mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajir wa dola bilioni 1.2 mwaka [[2018]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/yan-yude/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Forbes|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/19856994|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Bloomberg|lang=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tndg5d8ds8gwt7167x09voqj92ls9o6 1585433 1585302 2026-08-07T11:36:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yan Yude''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye utajiri wake unatokana na hisa zake katika ''Virscend'', kampuni ya kibinafsi ya elimu ya China. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Sichuan na anaishi [[Chengdu]].Aliweka na jarida la Forbes kwenye listi ya wachina matajiri mnamo mwaka [[2022]] akiwa na utajir wa dola bilioni 1.2 mwaka [[2018]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/yan-yude/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Forbes|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yan Yude|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/19856994|access-date=2022-02-26|website=Bloomberg|lang=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lli1elqf7aq34rzrfuoamjtvotxotqu 0 243878 1585294 2026-08-07T05:19:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yuan Baojing''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 16]], [[1966]] – alifariki [[Machi 17]], [[2006]]) alikuwa bilionea nchini [[China]] kutoka Liaoyang, mkoa wa [[Liaoning]]. Alikuwa rais wa ''Jianhao Group'' yenye makao yake [[Beijing]].Alipatikana na hatia ya mauaji na alinyongwa Machi [[2006]], baada ya ugomvi na mfanyabiashara wa Sichuan Liu Han (ambaye alinyongwa miaka tisa baadaye pamoja na kaka yake Liu Wei kwa biashara ya silaha na kuendesha mafia kinyume...' 1585294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuan Baojing''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 16]], [[1966]] – alifariki [[Machi 17]], [[2006]]) alikuwa bilionea nchini [[China]] kutoka Liaoyang, mkoa wa [[Liaoning]]. Alikuwa rais wa ''Jianhao Group'' yenye makao yake [[Beijing]].Alipatikana na hatia ya mauaji na alinyongwa Machi [[2006]], baada ya ugomvi na mfanyabiashara wa Sichuan Liu Han (ambaye alinyongwa miaka tisa baadaye pamoja na kaka yake Liu Wei kwa biashara ya silaha na kuendesha mafia kinyume cha sheria).<ref name="Xinhua">{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/18/content_4315137.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915042105/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/18/content_4315137.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2008 |title=Billionaire executed for contract murder |agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=18 March 2006 |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite news |title=China makes ultimate punishment mobile |work=[[USA Today]] |date=2006-06-15 |last=MacLeod |first=Calum |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm |access-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114120900/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] kohddyvkb9jibmnu8mhied98gdaycd2 1585299 1585294 2026-08-07T05:28:29Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuan Baojing''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 16]], [[1966]] – alifariki [[Machi 17]], [[2006]]) alikuwa bilionea nchini [[China]] kutoka Liaoyang, mkoa wa [[Liaoning]]. Alikuwa rais wa ''Jianhao Group'' yenye makao yake [[Beijing]].Alipatikana na hatia ya mauaji na alinyongwa Machi [[2006]], baada ya ugomvi na mfanyabiashara wa Sichuan Liu Han (ambaye alinyongwa miaka tisa baadaye pamoja na kaka yake Liu Wei kwa biashara ya silaha na kuendesha mafia kinyume cha sheria).<ref name="Xinhua">{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/18/content_4315137.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915042105/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/18/content_4315137.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2008 |title=Billionaire executed for contract murder |agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=18 March 2006 |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite news |title=China makes ultimate punishment mobile |work=[[USA Today]] |date=2006-06-15 |last=MacLeod |first=Calum |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm |access-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114120900/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] 5mlnak8koorsfu3o5uyhyjika4qpev3 1585327 1585299 2026-08-07T06:43:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1585327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuan Baojing''' ([[Februari 16]], [[1966]] – [[Machi 17]], [[2006]]) alikuwa bilionea nchini [[China]] kutoka Liaoyang, mkoa wa [[Liaoning]]. Alikuwa rais wa ''Jianhao Group'' yenye makao yake [[Beijing]].Alipatikana na hatia ya mauaji na alinyongwa Machi [[2006]], baada ya ugomvi na mfanyabiashara wa Sichuan Liu Han (ambaye alinyongwa miaka tisa baadaye pamoja na kaka yake Liu Wei kwa biashara ya silaha na kuendesha mafia kinyume cha sheria).<ref name="Xinhua">{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/18/content_4315137.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915042105/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/18/content_4315137.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2008 |title=Billionaire executed for contract murder |agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=18 March 2006 |access-date=12 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite news |title=China makes ultimate punishment mobile |work=[[USA Today]] |date=2006-06-15 |last=MacLeod |first=Calum |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm |access-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114120900/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm |archive-date=14 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] h9df5jk6u1hn1ndbu3r6lcztew0rdyn 0 243879 1585295 2026-08-07T05:23:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chu Lam Yiu''' ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[China]] na mwanzilishi wa ''Huabao International Holdings'', kampuni ya manukato na ladha ya tumbaku. Alianzisha kampuni hiyo mwaka [[1996]] na akaiorodhesha kwenye Soko la Hisa la [[Hong Kong]] kupitia "kuorodhesha kwa mlango wa nyuma" mwaka [[2006]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], ni mmoja wa wanawake tajiri zaidi nchini China akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.4 mwaka [[2022]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https:...' 1585295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chu Lam Yiu''' ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[China]] na mwanzilishi wa ''Huabao International Holdings'', kampuni ya manukato na ladha ya tumbaku. Alianzisha kampuni hiyo mwaka [[1996]] na akaiorodhesha kwenye Soko la Hisa la [[Hong Kong]] kupitia "kuorodhesha kwa mlango wa nyuma" mwaka [[2006]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], ni mmoja wa wanawake tajiri zaidi nchini China akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.4 mwaka [[2022]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-24/huabao-s-ceo-billionaire-loses-half-of-her-fortune-amid-china-probe |title=Hong Kong Billionaire Loses Half Her Fortune on China Probe |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-02-08/china-targets-billionaires-for-detentions-in-rough-justice-communist-style|title=China Targets Billionaire with Rough Justice|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/catwang/2022/01/24/chinas-vaping-queen-sees-fortune-plunge-65-after-chinese-government-probe/|title=China’s Vaping Queen Sees Fortune Plunge 65% After Chinese Government Probe|first=Catherine|last=Wang|website=Forbes.com|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 86x65wifx7oppi3gg2s9w0fuydgkh89 1585298 1585295 2026-08-07T05:28:06Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chu Lam Yiu''' ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[China]] na mwanzilishi wa ''Huabao International Holdings'', kampuni ya manukato na ladha ya tumbaku. Alianzisha kampuni hiyo mwaka [[1996]] na akaiorodhesha kwenye Soko la Hisa la [[Hong Kong]] kupitia "kuorodhesha kwa mlango wa nyuma" mwaka [[2006]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], ni mmoja wa wanawake tajiri zaidi nchini China akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.4 mwaka [[2022]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-24/huabao-s-ceo-billionaire-loses-half-of-her-fortune-amid-china-probe |title=Hong Kong Billionaire Loses Half Her Fortune on China Probe |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-02-08/china-targets-billionaires-for-detentions-in-rough-justice-communist-style|title=China Targets Billionaire with Rough Justice|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/catwang/2022/01/24/chinas-vaping-queen-sees-fortune-plunge-65-after-chinese-government-probe/|title=China’s Vaping Queen Sees Fortune Plunge 65% After Chinese Government Probe|first=Catherine|last=Wang|website=Forbes.com|access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r65kx2m3feokemtecw9s57p4uue2508 0 243880 1585311 2026-08-07T05:55:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zhou Yifeng''' (Alizaliwa [[1977]] au [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya gesi ya petroli iliyojulikana kama ''Oriental Energy Company'' iliyoorodheshwa Shenzhen. Ana shahada kutoka ''Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine'' na ''Nanjing University of Science and Technology''. Ameoa na anaishi Zhangjiagang, China. [[Forbes]] inaorodhesha utajiri wake kufikia Aprili [[2022]] kuwa dola bilioni...' 1585311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zhou Yifeng''' (Alizaliwa [[1977]] au [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya gesi ya petroli iliyojulikana kama ''Oriental Energy Company'' iliyoorodheshwa Shenzhen. Ana shahada kutoka ''Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine'' na ''Nanjing University of Science and Technology''. Ameoa na anaishi Zhangjiagang, China. [[Forbes]] inaorodhesha utajiri wake kufikia Aprili [[2022]] kuwa dola bilioni 1.0 za Marekani.<ref name=ForbesList2022>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Zhou Yifeng & family|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] - [[The World's Billionaires]]|date= |url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhou-yifeng/?list=billionaires&sh=2e9f91e2afab |accessdate=August 19, 2022|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3z1bzwaby9vkbavpi12zplytbqk8xf8 1585313 1585311 2026-08-07T06:06:22Z Justine Msechu 45962 1585313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zhou Yifeng''' (Alizaliwa [[1977]] au [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya gesi ya petroli iliyojulikana kama ''Oriental Energy Company'' iliyoorodheshwa Shenzhen. Ana shahada kutoka ''Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine'' na ''Nanjing University of Science and Technology''. Ameoa na anaishi Zhangjiagang, China. [[Forbes]] inaorodhesha utajiri wake kufikia Aprili [[2022]] kuwa dola bilioni 1.0 za Marekani.<ref name=ForbesList2022>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Zhou Yifeng & family|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] - [[The World's Billionaires]]|date= |url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhou-yifeng/?list=billionaires&sh=2e9f91e2afab |accessdate=August 19, 2022|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b9qqj9eg5ymjawy7gbkw4urfdmgfxan 1585439 1585313 2026-08-07T11:39:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zhou Yifeng''' (Alizaliwa [[1977]] au [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya gesi ya petroli iliyojulikana kama ''Oriental Energy Company'' iliyoorodheshwa Shenzhen. Ana shahada kutoka ''Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine'' na ''Nanjing University of Science and Technology''. Ameoa na anaishi Zhangjiagang, China. [[Forbes]] inaorodhesha utajiri wake kufikia Aprili [[2022]] kuwa dola bilioni 1.0 za Marekani.<ref name=ForbesList2022>{{Rejea tovuti|first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Zhou Yifeng & family|website=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] - [[The World's Billionaires]]|date= |url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/zhou-yifeng/?list=billionaires&sh=2e9f91e2afab |accessdate=August 19, 2022|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6mvjp3ctpnegu7az0qvtn49i9cx7r8y 0 243881 1585315 2026-08-07T06:23:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ye Guofu''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba]] [[1977]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kikundi cha rejareja cha mtindo wa maisha ''MINISO''. Ye ndiye Mchina wa kwanza kumiliki duka la msururu lenye uwepo mkubwa duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-25 |title=Billionaire’s China Supermarket Deal Causes Swift Wealth Wipeout |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-25/billionai...' 1585315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ye Guofu''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba]] [[1977]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kikundi cha rejareja cha mtindo wa maisha ''MINISO''. Ye ndiye Mchina wa kwanza kumiliki duka la msururu lenye uwepo mkubwa duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-25 |title=Billionaire’s China Supermarket Deal Causes Swift Wealth Wipeout |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-25/billionaire-s-china-supermarket-deal-causes-swift-wealth-wipeout |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hurun Report - Info - A Thrilling Business Gamble: |url=https://www.hurun.net/en-us/info/detail?num=RFWLBC4MG5RF |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=www.hurun.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2024 |title=Billionaire’s China supermarket deal causes swift wealth wipe-out |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/billionaire-s-china-supermarket-deal-causes-swift-wealth-wipeout |access-date=21 January 2025 |work=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=iF Design - Guofu Ye |url=https://ifdesign.com/en/if-design-award-and-jury/jury/profile/guofu-ye/9864 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=ifdesign.com |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2024]], alitajwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa CEO bora China wa mwaka (2024) na aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya Forbes katika mabilionea wa Dunia ya mwaka [[2024]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ye Guofu |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ye-guofu/?sh=7c4cae43ff5a |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2024 |title=2024 Forbes China's Best CEOs: Betting on China's Long-Term Dividends |url=https://forbeschina.com/leadership/68315 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Forbes List of the world's billionaires |url=https://www.forbeschina.com/lists/1828?data-search=%E5%8F%B6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%8C |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Forbes}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tn57j7lhay6rkk7ke35v524rjriupic 1585435 1585315 2026-08-07T11:36:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 7 template(s) replaced. 1585435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ye Guofu''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba]] [[1977]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[China]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kikundi cha rejareja cha mtindo wa maisha ''MINISO''. Ye ndiye Mchina wa kwanza kumiliki duka la msururu lenye uwepo mkubwa duniani.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2024-09-25 |title=Billionaire’s China Supermarket Deal Causes Swift Wealth Wipeout |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-25/billionaire-s-china-supermarket-deal-causes-swift-wealth-wipeout |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hurun Report - Info - A Thrilling Business Gamble: |url=https://www.hurun.net/en-us/info/detail?num=RFWLBC4MG5RF |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=www.hurun.net}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=25 September 2024 |title=Billionaire’s China supermarket deal causes swift wealth wipe-out |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/billionaire-s-china-supermarket-deal-causes-swift-wealth-wipeout |access-date=21 January 2025 |work=The Straits Times}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=iF Design - Guofu Ye |url=https://ifdesign.com/en/if-design-award-and-jury/jury/profile/guofu-ye/9864 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=ifdesign.com |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2024]], alitajwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa CEO bora China wa mwaka (2024) na aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya Forbes katika mabilionea wa Dunia ya mwaka [[2024]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.2.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ye Guofu |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ye-guofu/?sh=7c4cae43ff5a |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=22 July 2024 |title=2024 Forbes China's Best CEOs: Betting on China's Long-Term Dividends |url=https://forbeschina.com/leadership/68315 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=2024 Forbes List of the world's billionaires |url=https://www.forbeschina.com/lists/1828?data-search=%E5%8F%B6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%8C |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Forbes}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o0qhbo8voqb0tcz7a9j8yusubpt4j57 0 243882 1585317 2026-08-07T06:31:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yang Yuanqing''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 12]], [[1964]]) ni mtendaji wa biashara bilionea na mfadhili nchini [[China]] ambaye ni mwenyekiti wa sasa na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Lenovo''.Mnamo [[Mei 1]], [[2014]], Yang alipokea Tuzo ya Edison Achievement Award huko [[San Francisco]] katika hafla ya kila mwaka ya Edison Awards Gala<ref name="Hamm 2006-12-11">{{Cite news| first = Steve | last = Hamm |author2=Dexter Roberts | title = China's First Global Capit...' 1585317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yang Yuanqing''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 12]], [[1964]]) ni mtendaji wa biashara bilionea na mfadhili nchini [[China]] ambaye ni mwenyekiti wa sasa na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Lenovo''.Mnamo [[Mei 1]], [[2014]], Yang alipokea Tuzo ya Edison Achievement Award huko [[San Francisco]] katika hafla ya kila mwaka ya Edison Awards Gala<ref name="Hamm 2006-12-11">{{Cite news| first = Steve | last = Hamm |author2=Dexter Roberts | title = China's First Global Capitalist | date = December 11, 2006 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_50/b4013062.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061206032100/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_50/b4013062.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 6, 2006 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek | access-date =June 6, 2010}}</ref>. Yang alishiriki tuzo hiyo na [[Elon Musk]] wa [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] Motors na [[SpaceX]]. Tuzo za Edison zinaheshimu uvumbuzi katika sayansi na teknolojia na kuwatambua watu binafsi kwa "michango yao pana kwa uvumbuzi wa kiteknolojia." Yang alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kutoka [[Asia]] Mashariki kuwahi kupokea tuzo hiyo. Washindi wa zamani ni pamoja na [[Steve Jobs]], [[Ted Turner]], Doug Ivester, na Martha Stewart. Mwaka [[2015]], Yang aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya mabilionea ya [[Forbes]].<ref name="Econ1">{{cite news |title=From guard shack to global giant: How did Lenovo become the world's biggest computer company? |newspaper=The Economist |date=12 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Bonus">{{cite news |title=CEO of Lenovo Gives $3 Million in Bonuses to Employees |author=Lyneka Little |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/business/2012/07/ceo-of-lenovo-gives-3-million-in-bonuses-to-employees/ |newspaper=ABC News |date=23 July 2012 |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] s4qighai6z9yjc0sfrcr2fxpd12rllk 1585434 1585317 2026-08-07T11:36:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1585434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yang Yuanqing''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 12]], [[1964]]) ni mtendaji wa biashara bilionea na mfadhili nchini [[China]] ambaye ni mwenyekiti wa sasa na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Lenovo''.Mnamo [[Mei 1]], [[2014]], Yang alipokea Tuzo ya Edison Achievement Award huko [[San Francisco]] katika hafla ya kila mwaka ya Edison Awards Gala<ref name="Hamm 2006-12-11">{{Rejea habari| first = Steve | last = Hamm |author2=Dexter Roberts | title = China's First Global Capitalist | date = December 11, 2006 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_50/b4013062.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061206032100/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_50/b4013062.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = December 6, 2006 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek | access-date =June 6, 2010}}</ref>. Yang alishiriki tuzo hiyo na [[Elon Musk]] wa [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] Motors na [[SpaceX]]. Tuzo za Edison zinaheshimu uvumbuzi katika sayansi na teknolojia na kuwatambua watu binafsi kwa "michango yao pana kwa uvumbuzi wa kiteknolojia." Yang alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kutoka [[Asia]] Mashariki kuwahi kupokea tuzo hiyo. Washindi wa zamani ni pamoja na [[Steve Jobs]], [[Ted Turner]], Doug Ivester, na Martha Stewart. Mwaka [[2015]], Yang aliorodheshwa kwenye orodha ya mabilionea ya [[Forbes]].<ref name="Econ1">{{cite news |title=From guard shack to global giant: How did Lenovo become the world's biggest computer company? |newspaper=The Economist |date=12 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Bonus">{{cite news |title=CEO of Lenovo Gives $3 Million in Bonuses to Employees |author=Lyneka Little |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/business/2012/07/ceo-of-lenovo-gives-3-million-in-bonuses-to-employees/ |newspaper=ABC News |date=23 July 2012 |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sqlhq3tfq7iirzgwzex6vdfv73u79yt 0 243883 1585332 2026-08-07T07:07:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[askofu]] wa [[Misri]] aliyefia [[imani]] yake ya [[dini]] kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|Kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[23 Desemba]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * Orodha y...' 1585332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[askofu]] wa [[Misri]] aliyefia [[imani]] yake ya [[dini]] kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|Kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[23 Desemba]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Holweck, F. G. ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 4]] [[Jamii:maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] my0q9op7hsjvz0taonimx7184dzhl3q 0 243884 1585334 2026-08-07T07:16:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' (aliishi [[karne ya 4]] hivi) ni [[mmonaki]] wa [[Misri]] aliyeishi [[jangwa|jangwani]]. Ni kati ya [[mababu wa jangwani]]<ref name="Ward 1984">{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Benedicta|title=The sayings of the Desert Fathers: the alphabetical collection|publisher=Cistercian Publications|publication-place=Kalamazoo, MI|year=1984|isbn=0-87907-959-2}}</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref name...' 1585334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (aliishi [[karne ya 4]] hivi) ni [[mmonaki]] wa [[Misri]] aliyeishi [[jangwa|jangwani]]. Ni kati ya [[mababu wa jangwani]]<ref name="Ward 1984">{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Benedicta|title=The sayings of the Desert Fathers: the alphabetical collection|publisher=Cistercian Publications|publication-place=Kalamazoo, MI|year=1984|isbn=0-87907-959-2}}</ref> Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref name="Coptic Wiki 2019">{{cite web |title=Saint Apollo The Shepherd |website=Coptic Wiki |date=2019-12-29 |url=https://coptic-wiki.org/saint-apollo-the-shepherd |access-date=2021-11-15}}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[5 Amshir]] ya [[kalenda]] ya [[Wakopti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 4]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Jamii:mababu wa jangwani]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] luqgbegync0rave0ljwjxejquy2ieqm 0 243885 1585337 2026-08-07T07:26:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Pierre Lux (1972).jpg|thumb|Jean-Pierre Lux (1972)]] '''Jean-Pierre Lux''' ([[9 Januari]] [[1946]] – [[15 Desemba]] [[2020]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na baadaye [[mkurugenzi]] wa michezo. Alicheza katika nafasi ya centre (mchezaji wa katikati katika safu ya nyuma). Kitaaluma, alikuwa [[daktari]] wa upasuaji wa [[meno]]. == Maisha ya klabu == Jean-Pierre Lux alichezea [[klabu]] ya US Tyrosse hadi msimu wa [[1970]] / 71, kisha akahamia US Dax katika msimu wa [[1971]] / 72. Akiwa na US Dax, alimaliza akiwa mshindi wa pili wa Mashindano ya Ubingwa wa Raga ya Ufaransa katika msimu wa [[1972]]/ 73. <ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Rugby/Actualites/L-ancien-international-francais-jean-pierre-lux-est-mort/1205958</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161220052140/http://en.espn.co.uk/statsguru/rugby/player/7191.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 878oxhr4bcc0g6tjeld9ocor9rlruxa 0 243886 1585338 2026-08-07T07:35:12Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-François Imbernon''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1951]] huko Perpignan au Sahorre, Ufaransa) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimataifa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele) kwa klabu ya USA Perpignan. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 23 kuanzia mwaka [[1976]] hadi [[1983]], bila kufunga try yoyote. Alipata mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa tarehe [[7 Februari]] [[1976]], katika mechi dhidi ya [[Ireland]], iliyochezwa kwenye uwanja wa Parc des Princes.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240920133230/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/8490.html</ref><ref>https://www.rugbydatabase.co.nz/player/index.php?playerId=19863</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kopk5i1z8nyu3mqcy1r6gzhwptsfthm 0 243887 1585341 2026-08-07T07:44:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Michel Crauste 2015 cropped.jpg|thumb|Michel Crauste 2015]] '''Michel Crauste''' ([[6 Julai]] [[1934]] – [[2 Mei]] [[2019]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kimataifa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi za flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele) na namba 8 kwa [[klabu]] za Racing Club de France na FC Lourdes. Crauste alizaliwa huko Saint-Laurent-de-Gosse, Ufaransa. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa tarehe 19 Mei [[1957]], katika mechi dhidi ya Romania iliyochezwa mjini Bucharest. Pia alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa timu ya pili ya Ufaransa iliyofanikiwa kuifunga Springboks nchini [[Afrika Kusini]], na mwaka [[1961]] alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa Ufaransa. Aidha, alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa kimataifa wa Ufaransa kufunga tries tatu katika mechi moja ya kimataifa (test match). Crauste alifariki dunia tarehe 2 Mei 2019 akiwa na umri wa miaka 84, huko [[Pau]], Ufaransa. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241212012701/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/6137.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 4wvqegv3j2g74myt6xdeufnmdfwnlyj 1585393 1585341 2026-08-07T09:52:30Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Michel Crauste 2015 cropped.jpg|thumb|Michel Crauste 2015]] '''Michel Crauste''' ([[6 Julai]] [[1934]] – [[2 Mei]] [[2019]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kimataifa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi za flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele) na namba 8 kwa [[klabu]] za Racing Club de France na FC Lourdes. Crauste alizaliwa huko [[Saint-Laurent-de-Gosse]], Ufaransa. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa tarehe 19 Mei [[1957]], katika mechi dhidi ya Romania iliyochezwa mjini Bucharest. Pia alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa timu ya pili ya Ufaransa iliyofanikiwa kuifunga Springboks nchini [[Afrika Kusini]], na mwaka [[1961]] alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa Ufaransa. Aidha, alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa kimataifa wa Ufaransa kufunga tries tatu katika mechi moja ya kimataifa (test match). Crauste alifariki dunia tarehe 2 Mei 2019 akiwa na umri wa miaka 84, huko [[Pau]], Ufaransa. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241212012701/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/6137.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} l6vyecvaeurw78yvtmzj6vaag7fmu9z 0 243888 1585346 2026-08-07T07:55:09Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michel Celaya''' ([[4 Julai]] [[1930]] – [[2 Januari]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi za back-row (safu ya nyuma ya wachezaji wa mbele) kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya Ufaransa na [[klabu]] ya Biarritz Olympique. == Maisha ya awali na taaluma == Michel Celaya alizaliwa 4 Julai 1930 huko [[Biarritz]], Ufaransa. Alicheza [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya raga ya Ufaransa [[28 Februari]] [[1953]]. <ref>https://www.rfi.fr/en/wires/20200102-former-france-rugby-captain-michel-celaya-dies-aged-89</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ikain1s1mmozpgppwsotdzrkvxrsjlg 0 243889 1585348 2026-08-07T08:04:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Xavier Garbajosa.jpg|thumb|Xavier Garbajosa]] '''Xavier Garbajosa''' (alizaliwa [[5 Desemba]] [[1976]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]], ambaye hivi karibuni alikuwa meneja wa [[klabu]] ya [[Lyon]], inayoshiriki katika [[ligi]] ya Top 14. Garbajosa alizaliwa tarehe 5 Desemba 1976 huko [[Toulouse]], Ufaransa. Alicheza katika safu ya nyuma katika nafasi za winger (wing), centre, au full-back. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya uchezaji akiwa na klabu ya Stade Toulousain, kabla ya kuhamia Aviron Bayonnais mwaka [[2007]], iliyokuwa ikishiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14 ya Ufaransa. Akiwa na Stade Toulousain, alishinda: * Ubingwa wa Top 14 (Ligi ya Ufaransa) mwaka [[1999]] na [[2001]]. * [[Kombe]] la Ulaya la Raga mwaka [[2003]]. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070503203357/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/36_4571.php?player=731</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1920360/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 0msn6i1ogze7ohs79uvpv5uma6p2c9l 0 243890 1585350 2026-08-07T08:15:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:DanyPriso2022.png|thumb|DanyPriso2022]] '''Dany Priso Mouangue''' (alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[1994]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) na kwa sasa anaichezea klabu ya [[Toulon]], inayoshiriki katika ligi ya Top 14. Alianza maisha yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya Stade Français. == Maisha binafsi == Dany Priso alizaliwa nchini [[Cameroon]]. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 11, alihamia Ussel, Ufaransa. Alianza kuvutiwa na mchezo wa raga baada ya kutazama mechi iliyokuwa ikichezwa katika bustani ya [[eneo]] aliloishi. <ref>https://itsrugby.fr/joueurs/dany-priso-33633/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240916073302/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/245279.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} jkc6snqexmlflbo5hhafu4zddw93z4g 0 243891 1585351 2026-08-07T08:25:12Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Baptiste Gros''' (alizaliwa [[29 Mei]] [[1999]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake [[uwanjani]] ni prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele), na kwa sasa anaichezea [[klabu]] ya [[Toulon]], inayoshiriki katika [[ligi]] ya Top 14. == Tuzo na mafanikio == Kimataifa Ufaransa U20 * Mabingwa wa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la Wachezaji Chini ya Miaka 20: ** [[2018]] ** [[2019]] Ufaransa * Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya Raga mara 3: ** [[2022]] ** [[2025]] ** [[2026]] * Grand Slam: ** 2022 <ref>https://itsrugby.fr/joueurs/jean-baptiste-gros-42448/</ref><ref>https://all.rugby/player/jean-baptiste-gros</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} rsqxjuw98wpxrxs6jjfw4g7bxdnvwrp 1585352 1585351 2026-08-07T08:26:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1585352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Autumn Nations Series 2024 - France vs New Zealand (449) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jean-Baptiste Gros]] '''Jean-Baptiste Gros''' (alizaliwa [[29 Mei]] [[1999]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake [[uwanjani]] ni prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele), na kwa sasa anaichezea [[klabu]] ya [[Toulon]], inayoshiriki katika [[ligi]] ya Top 14. == Tuzo na mafanikio == Kimataifa Ufaransa U20 * Mabingwa wa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la Wachezaji Chini ya Miaka 20: ** [[2018]] ** [[2019]] Ufaransa * Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya Raga mara 3: ** [[2022]] ** [[2025]] ** [[2026]] * Grand Slam: ** 2022 <ref>https://itsrugby.fr/joueurs/jean-baptiste-gros-42448/</ref><ref>https://all.rugby/player/jean-baptiste-gros</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} lo308e3ec5rxjokgchhbaek1vuatqa1 0 243892 1585355 2026-08-07T08:34:29Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:USO - ASM - 20150905 - Sébastien Vahaamahina 1.jpg|thumb|Sébastien Vahaamahina ]] '''Sébastien Vahaamahina''' (alizaliwa [[21 Oktoba]] [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]], mwenye asili ya Wawalisia (Wallisian) kutoka [[eneo]] la [[New Caledonia]], linalosimamiwa na Ufaransa katika [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele), na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya uchezaji akiichezea [[klabu]] ya Clermont Auvergne katika [[ligi]] ya Top 14. Alianza taaluma yake ya raga huko New Caledonia. Baada ya kuhamia Ufaransa, alichezea Brive, kisha akahamia Perpignan ambako alicheza kuanzia mwaka [[2011]] hadi [[2014]]. Mwaka [[2012]], aliitwa kwenye [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kwa ajili ya mechi za kimataifa za kipindi cha vuli.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141213212349/http://www.asm-rugby.com/131031-recrutement.html</ref><ref>https://outremers360.com/sports/tournoi-2017-rugby-le-wallisien-sebastien-vahaamahina-enfin-epanouie</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} qqf671awcjcg24lq9jrs4hc3di8rotd 0 243893 1585357 2026-08-07T08:40:17Z ElimuWiki 91225 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299334219|Nina Shaw]]" 1585357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nina L. Shaw''' ni mwanasheria wa masuala ya burudani kutoka Marekani na ni mshirika katika kampuni ya sheria ya Del Shaw Moonves Tanaka Finkelstein & Lezcano. <ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/24/movies/shes-the-hollywood-power-behind-those-seeking-a-voice.html|title=She’s the Hollywood Power Behind Those Seeking a Voice|first=Melena|author=Ryzik|date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Entertainment Attorneys LA {{!}} DSMTFL|url=http://dsmtfl.com/attorney/nina-l-shaw|work=dsmtfl.com|accessdate=2015-08-15}}</ref> Shirika la Women in Film lilimtunuku Tuzo ya Crystal mwaka wa 2005 kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya burudani, ambao ulielezwa kuwa “ushahidi wa heshima na hadhi yake miongoni mwa waigizaji wa Hollywood.” Mwaka wa 2013, Chama cha Wanasheria cha Beverly Hills kilimteua Shaw kuwa Mwanasheria Bora wa Burudani wa Mwaka. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nina Shaw Honored As Entertainment Lawyer of the Year|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/nina-shaw-honored-as-entertainment-440818|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=17 April 2013|accessdate=2015-08-15}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2011, aliorodheshwa katika orodha ya ''The Hollywood Reporter’s Women in Entertainment: Power 100''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nina Shaw|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/nina-shaw-268619|accessdate=2015-08-15|author=<!--TNR Staff-->|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archivedate=January 9, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109005127/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/nina-shaw-268619}}</ref> == Maisha == Shaw alizaliwa na kukulia Harlem, New York. Pia aliishi kwa muda katika eneo la The Bronx. Baada ya kuhitimu katika Shule ya Upili ya William Howard Taft, alisoma katika Chuo cha Barnard, ambako alipata Shahada ya Kwanza ya Sayansi (Bachelor of Science) mwaka wa 1976. <ref name="auto" /> Kisha aliendelea na masomo katika Shule ya Sheria ya Columbia, ambako alipata shahada ya JD (Juris Doctor) mwaka wa 1979. Shaw ameolewa na anaishi Los Angeles pamoja na mume wake, na wana binti wawili ambao sasa ni watu wazima. Yeye ni Mwafrika-Mmarekani. Shaw pia ni mjumbe wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya Motion Picture & Television Fund (MPTF). Aidha, alionekana katika kipindi cha ''The A-Team'' (sehemu ya “Steel”, mwaka wa 1985) akicheza nafasi ya mtalii'''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://mptf.com/about-us/|title=About Us|work=mptf.com|accessdate=2021-02-04}}</ref>''' == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Articles with hCards]] o4o9qke49180zmqyhbwupe4n5upwxp0 0 243894 1585359 2026-08-07T08:42:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Pascal Pape.jpg|thumb|Pascal Pape]] '''Pascal Papé''' (alizaliwa [[5 Oktoba]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Papé alicheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele). Katika [[klabu]], mara ya mwisho aliwakilisha Stade Français, baada ya kutumia miaka mingi akiichezea Bourgoin. Pia alitumia msimu mmoja katika klabu ya Castres Olympique. Alipata mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi wa kimataifa kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa dhidi ya [[Ireland]] katika Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya Raga ya mwaka [[2004]]. Katika [[mechi]] hiyo, Ufaransa ilishinda kwa 35–17, na Papé alifunga try moja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241204091717/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/14385.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 20jck64257e9hf33ehz818m3z2rf0v7 0 243895 1585362 2026-08-07T08:53:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:ST vs MHR - 2012-05-12-01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Fulgence Ouedraogo''']] '''Fulgence Ouedraogo''' (alizaliwa [[21 Julai]] [[1986]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza kipindi chote cha miaka 17 ya taaluma yake akiwa na [[klabu]] moja tu, Montpellier Hérault RC, katika mashindano ya Top 14 ya Ufaransa. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ilikuwa flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele). Ouedraogo alianza kucheza raga akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka sita. Akiwa katika shule ya raga ya Pic-Saint-Loup karibu na [[Montpellier]], alikutana na mchezaji ambaye baadaye angekuwa mwenzake wa timu, François Trinh-Duc. Wote wawili waliingia katika mfumo wa vijana wa klabu ya Montpellier wakiwa katika ngazi ya chini ya miaka 13,14.. Wameelezwa kuwa ni marafiki wa karibu sana wasioweza kutenganishwa. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220730065207/https://www.world.rugby/sevens-series/player/mens/30357</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241204063414/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/15681.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 7fg0q9k907ekn6mouncb40w2hzz6afj 1585370 1585362 2026-08-07T09:31:05Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1585370 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:ST vs MHR - 2012-05-12-01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Fulgence Ouedraogo''']] '''Fulgence Ouedraogo''' (alizaliwa [[21 Julai]] [[1986]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza kipindi chote cha miaka 17 ya taaluma yake akiwa na [[klabu]] moja tu, [[Montpellier Hérault RC]], katika mashindano ya Top 14 ya Ufaransa. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ilikuwa flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele). Ouedraogo alianza kucheza raga akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka sita. Akiwa katika shule ya raga ya Pic-Saint-Loup karibu na [[Montpellier]], alikutana na mchezaji ambaye baadaye angekuwa mwenzake wa timu, François Trinh-Duc. Wote wawili waliingia katika mfumo wa vijana wa klabu ya Montpellier wakiwa katika ngazi ya chini ya miaka 13,14.. Wameelezwa kuwa ni marafiki wa karibu sana wasioweza kutenganishwa. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220730065207/https://www.world.rugby/sevens-series/player/mens/30357</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241204063414/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/15681.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 1x3ekomajtnn9wz62tbw9oc8b9b43jg 0 243896 1585364 2026-08-07T09:15:22Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Rodri |picha = [[File:Rodri Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-187 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Rodrigo Hernández Cascante |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1996|6|22|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Madrid]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Hispania]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.91}} |nafasi = [[Kiungo ulinzi]] |klabuyasasa =...' 1585364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Rodri |picha = [[File:Rodri Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-187 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Rodrigo Hernández Cascante |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1996|6|22|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Madrid]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Hispania]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.91}} |nafasi = [[Kiungo ulinzi]] |klabuyasasa = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |nambayaklabu = 16 |miakayaujana = 2006–2013 |Timuzaujana = [[CF Rayo Majadahonda]] |miakayaujana2 = 2013–2015 |Timuzaujana2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 2015–2016 |clubs1 = Villarreal B |caps1 = 42 |goals1 = 2 |years2 = 2015–2018 |clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |caps2 = 63 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2018–2019 |clubs3 = [[Atlético Madrid]] |caps3 = 34 |goals3 = 3 |years4 = 2019– |clubs4 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |caps4 = 172 |goals4 = 22 |nationalyears1 = 2012 |nationalteam1 = Hispania U16 |nationalcaps1 = 2 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2014–2015 |nationalteam2 = Hispania U19 |nationalcaps2 = 8 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2017–2018 |nationalteam3 = Hispania U21 |nationalcaps3 = 6 |nationalgoals3 = 1 |nationalyears4 = 2018– |nationalteam4 = Hispania |nationalcaps4 = 56 |nationalgoals4 = 4 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 20 Mei 2025 |nationalteam-update = 14 Julai 2024 }} '''Rodrigo Hernández Cascante''' (alizaliwa [[22 Juni]] 1996), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Rodri''' au '''Rodrigo''', ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Hispania]] anayecheza kama kiungo wa ulinzi katika klabu ya [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Hispania. Anachukuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kuwa mmoja wa viungo bora zaidi duniani kutokana na uwezo wake wa kupiga pasi, utulivu uwanjani na umbo lake la kimwili. Rodri ni mmoja wa wachezaji wachache waliowahi kutwaa mataji ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]], [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] na tuzo ya [[Ballon d'Or]]. Alipata tuzo ya Ballon d'Or mwaka 2024, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili wa Hispania<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024: Manchester City and Spain midfielder Rodri wins first award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/ce8yevg34v1o |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> na mchezaji wa kwanza wa Manchester City kutwaa tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Rodrigo becomes first City player to win Ballon d'Or |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/rodrigo-becomes-first-city-player-to-win-ballon-dor-40232793 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=OneFootball}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake na Villarreal === Rodrigo Hernández Cascante<ref>{{cite web |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57319 |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 18 de mayo de 2019, en Valencia |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=es |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308100537/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/NLogin |url-status=live }}</ref> alizaliwa 22 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite web |title=Rodri |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/rodri |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164558/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/Rodri |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> mjini [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |title=Rodri: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219234742/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa [[Atlético Madrid]] mwaka 2007 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11 kutoka CF Rayo Majadahonda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |title=Fútbol: el nuevo fichaje "Rodri" (At. Madrid) y Lucas jugaron juntos en Majadahonda |publisher=Majadahonda Magazin |language=es |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707185200/https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2013, aliachwa na klabu hiyo kwa kile kilichoelezwa kuwa "ukosefu wa nguvu za kimwili", na baadaye alisaini mkataba na [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |title=El Busquets que se le escapó al Atlético VS. el nuevo 'kaiser' rojiblanco |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona |language=es |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090145/http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Februari 2015, Rodri alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya akiba ya Villarreal B.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |title=1–3: Frenados |publisher=RCD Espanyol |language=es |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081556/http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alifanya debut yake katika timu ya wakubwa tarehe 17 Desemba 2015 kwenye ushindi wa mabao 2–0 dhidi ya SD Huesca katika mchezo wa [[Copa del Rey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |title=Trigueros remonta al Huesca y certifica el pase sin presumir |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221033213/http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mechi yake ya kwanza katika ligi kuu ya [[La Liga]] ilikuwa tarehe 17 Aprili 2016 akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Denis Suárez dhidi ya Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |title=Dos misiles de Guerra y Miku hunden al Submarino |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 April 2016 |access-date=3 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628205108/https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Mnamo 24 Mei 2018, Rodri alirejea Atlético Madrid baada ya klabu hiyo kufikia makubaliano na Villarreal kwa ada iliyokadiriwa kuwa euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |title=Acuerdo con el Villarreal para el traspaso de Rodri |publisher=Atlético Madrid |language=es |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |archive-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609093634/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 15 Agosti kwenye UEFA Super Cup ya mwaka 2018 mjini Tallinn, ambapo Atlético ilishinda 4–2 dhidi ya wapinzani wao wa jadi [[Real Madrid]]. Alishinda pia tuzo yake ya kwanza ndani ya klabu hiyo baada ya kuonyesha kiwango bora katika safu ya kiungo.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-04 |title=Rodri: Who is the Spain international and what will he bring to Man City? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48860805 |access-date=2026-07-21 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Manchester City === Mnamo 3 Julai 2019, [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ililipa pauni milioni 62.6 kuvunja mkataba wake na Atlético Madrid, ada iliyokuwa rekodi ya usajili kwa klabu hiyo kwa wakati huo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |title=Rodri: Manchester City pay £62.6m release clause for Atletico Madrid's Spain midfielder |website=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707071521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akiwa na Manchester City, Rodri alikuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi cha kocha [[Pep Guardiola]]. Alisaidia klabu hiyo kutwaa mataji manne mfululizo ya [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]] (Premier League) na kukamilisha rekodi ya kutwaa mataji matatu makubwa kwa msimu mmoja (treble) katika msimu wa 2022–23. Mnamo 10 Juni 2023, alifunga bao pekee la ushindi katika fainali ya [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] dhidi ya [[Inter Milan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65845807|title=Manchester City 1–0 Inter Milan|website=BBC Sport|date=10 June 2023}}</ref> na kuipatia Manchester City taji lao la kwanza la Ligi ya Mabingwa, ambapo alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0282-183b473eaf28-b2fde4465718-1000--player-of-the-season-rodri/ |title=Rodri named 2022/23 UEFA Champions League Player of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> == Timu ya taifa == Baada ya kuwakilisha Hispania katika ngazi za vijana, Rodri alichaguliwa kwenye timu ya wakubwa mnamo 16 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |title=Parejo, Marcos Alonso y Rodri, novedades en la lista de la selección española |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |language=es |date=18 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420122829/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ushindani tarehe 11 Septemba kwenye ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Kroatia katika mashindano ya UEFA Nations League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultados.as.com/resultados/futbol/nations_league/2018_2019/directo/ligaa_4_2_239030/|title= España 6–0 Croacia: resultado, resumen y goles|website=AS|date= 23 December 2021|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Alikuwa muhimili mkubwa katika kuifanya timu ya taifa ya [[Hispania]] kutwaa mataji ya UEFA Nations League (2023), UEFA Euro 2024, pamoja na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]]. Katika mafanikio hayo, Rodri alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano kwenye Euro 2024 na pia kwenye Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026. == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 2026 * Ballon d'Or: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya UEFA Euro: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya: 2022–23 * Mchezaji Bora wa Fainali za UEFA Nations League: 2023 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] qb80z6vm18d6sjaj8c6qeacm4ttkn1e 1585365 1585364 2026-08-07T09:16:02Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 Protected "[[Rodri]]" ([Kuhariri=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho) [Kuhamisha=Zuia watumiaji wapya au wale ambao hawajajisajilisha] (bila mwisho)) 1585364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Rodri |picha = [[File:Rodri Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-187 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Rodrigo Hernández Cascante |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1996|6|22|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Madrid]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Hispania]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.91}} |nafasi = [[Kiungo ulinzi]] |klabuyasasa = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |nambayaklabu = 16 |miakayaujana = 2006–2013 |Timuzaujana = [[CF Rayo Majadahonda]] |miakayaujana2 = 2013–2015 |Timuzaujana2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 2015–2016 |clubs1 = Villarreal B |caps1 = 42 |goals1 = 2 |years2 = 2015–2018 |clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |caps2 = 63 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2018–2019 |clubs3 = [[Atlético Madrid]] |caps3 = 34 |goals3 = 3 |years4 = 2019– |clubs4 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |caps4 = 172 |goals4 = 22 |nationalyears1 = 2012 |nationalteam1 = Hispania U16 |nationalcaps1 = 2 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2014–2015 |nationalteam2 = Hispania U19 |nationalcaps2 = 8 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2017–2018 |nationalteam3 = Hispania U21 |nationalcaps3 = 6 |nationalgoals3 = 1 |nationalyears4 = 2018– |nationalteam4 = Hispania |nationalcaps4 = 56 |nationalgoals4 = 4 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 20 Mei 2025 |nationalteam-update = 14 Julai 2024 }} '''Rodrigo Hernández Cascante''' (alizaliwa [[22 Juni]] 1996), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Rodri''' au '''Rodrigo''', ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Hispania]] anayecheza kama kiungo wa ulinzi katika klabu ya [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Hispania. Anachukuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kuwa mmoja wa viungo bora zaidi duniani kutokana na uwezo wake wa kupiga pasi, utulivu uwanjani na umbo lake la kimwili. Rodri ni mmoja wa wachezaji wachache waliowahi kutwaa mataji ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]], [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] na tuzo ya [[Ballon d'Or]]. Alipata tuzo ya Ballon d'Or mwaka 2024, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili wa Hispania<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024: Manchester City and Spain midfielder Rodri wins first award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/ce8yevg34v1o |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> na mchezaji wa kwanza wa Manchester City kutwaa tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Rodrigo becomes first City player to win Ballon d'Or |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/rodrigo-becomes-first-city-player-to-win-ballon-dor-40232793 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=OneFootball}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake na Villarreal === Rodrigo Hernández Cascante<ref>{{cite web |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57319 |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 18 de mayo de 2019, en Valencia |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=es |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308100537/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/NLogin |url-status=live }}</ref> alizaliwa 22 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite web |title=Rodri |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/rodri |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164558/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/Rodri |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> mjini [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |title=Rodri: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219234742/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa [[Atlético Madrid]] mwaka 2007 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11 kutoka CF Rayo Majadahonda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |title=Fútbol: el nuevo fichaje "Rodri" (At. Madrid) y Lucas jugaron juntos en Majadahonda |publisher=Majadahonda Magazin |language=es |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707185200/https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2013, aliachwa na klabu hiyo kwa kile kilichoelezwa kuwa "ukosefu wa nguvu za kimwili", na baadaye alisaini mkataba na [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |title=El Busquets que se le escapó al Atlético VS. el nuevo 'kaiser' rojiblanco |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona |language=es |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090145/http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Februari 2015, Rodri alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya akiba ya Villarreal B.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |title=1–3: Frenados |publisher=RCD Espanyol |language=es |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081556/http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alifanya debut yake katika timu ya wakubwa tarehe 17 Desemba 2015 kwenye ushindi wa mabao 2–0 dhidi ya SD Huesca katika mchezo wa [[Copa del Rey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |title=Trigueros remonta al Huesca y certifica el pase sin presumir |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221033213/http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mechi yake ya kwanza katika ligi kuu ya [[La Liga]] ilikuwa tarehe 17 Aprili 2016 akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya Denis Suárez dhidi ya Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |title=Dos misiles de Guerra y Miku hunden al Submarino |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 April 2016 |access-date=3 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628205108/https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Mnamo 24 Mei 2018, Rodri alirejea Atlético Madrid baada ya klabu hiyo kufikia makubaliano na Villarreal kwa ada iliyokadiriwa kuwa euro milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |title=Acuerdo con el Villarreal para el traspaso de Rodri |publisher=Atlético Madrid |language=es |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |archive-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609093634/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 15 Agosti kwenye UEFA Super Cup ya mwaka 2018 mjini Tallinn, ambapo Atlético ilishinda 4–2 dhidi ya wapinzani wao wa jadi [[Real Madrid]]. Alishinda pia tuzo yake ya kwanza ndani ya klabu hiyo baada ya kuonyesha kiwango bora katika safu ya kiungo.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-04 |title=Rodri: Who is the Spain international and what will he bring to Man City? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48860805 |access-date=2026-07-21 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Manchester City === Mnamo 3 Julai 2019, [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ililipa pauni milioni 62.6 kuvunja mkataba wake na Atlético Madrid, ada iliyokuwa rekodi ya usajili kwa klabu hiyo kwa wakati huo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |title=Rodri: Manchester City pay £62.6m release clause for Atletico Madrid's Spain midfielder |website=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707071521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akiwa na Manchester City, Rodri alikuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi cha kocha [[Pep Guardiola]]. Alisaidia klabu hiyo kutwaa mataji manne mfululizo ya [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]] (Premier League) na kukamilisha rekodi ya kutwaa mataji matatu makubwa kwa msimu mmoja (treble) katika msimu wa 2022–23. Mnamo 10 Juni 2023, alifunga bao pekee la ushindi katika fainali ya [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] dhidi ya [[Inter Milan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65845807|title=Manchester City 1–0 Inter Milan|website=BBC Sport|date=10 June 2023}}</ref> na kuipatia Manchester City taji lao la kwanza la Ligi ya Mabingwa, ambapo alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0282-183b473eaf28-b2fde4465718-1000--player-of-the-season-rodri/ |title=Rodri named 2022/23 UEFA Champions League Player of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> == Timu ya taifa == Baada ya kuwakilisha Hispania katika ngazi za vijana, Rodri alichaguliwa kwenye timu ya wakubwa mnamo 16 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |title=Parejo, Marcos Alonso y Rodri, novedades en la lista de la selección española |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |language=es |date=18 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420122829/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ushindani tarehe 11 Septemba kwenye ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Kroatia katika mashindano ya UEFA Nations League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultados.as.com/resultados/futbol/nations_league/2018_2019/directo/ligaa_4_2_239030/|title= España 6–0 Croacia: resultado, resumen y goles|website=AS|date= 23 December 2021|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Alikuwa muhimili mkubwa katika kuifanya timu ya taifa ya [[Hispania]] kutwaa mataji ya UEFA Nations League (2023), UEFA Euro 2024, pamoja na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]]. Katika mafanikio hayo, Rodri alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano kwenye Euro 2024 na pia kwenye Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026. == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 2026 * Ballon d'Or: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya UEFA Euro: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya: 2022–23 * Mchezaji Bora wa Fainali za UEFA Nations League: 2023 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] qb80z6vm18d6sjaj8c6qeacm4ttkn1e 1585368 1585365 2026-08-07T09:28:01Z Anuary Rajabu 45588 /* Maisha ya awali na klabu */ 1585368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Rodri |picha = [[File:Rodri Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-187 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Rodrigo Hernández Cascante |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1996|6|22|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Madrid]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Hispania]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.91}} |nafasi = [[Kiungo ulinzi]] |klabuyasasa = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |nambayaklabu = 16 |miakayaujana = 2006–2013 |Timuzaujana = [[CF Rayo Majadahonda]] |miakayaujana2 = 2013–2015 |Timuzaujana2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 2015–2016 |clubs1 = Villarreal B |caps1 = 42 |goals1 = 2 |years2 = 2015–2018 |clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |caps2 = 63 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2018–2019 |clubs3 = [[Atlético Madrid]] |caps3 = 34 |goals3 = 3 |years4 = 2019– |clubs4 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |caps4 = 172 |goals4 = 22 |nationalyears1 = 2012 |nationalteam1 = Hispania U16 |nationalcaps1 = 2 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2014–2015 |nationalteam2 = Hispania U19 |nationalcaps2 = 8 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2017–2018 |nationalteam3 = Hispania U21 |nationalcaps3 = 6 |nationalgoals3 = 1 |nationalyears4 = 2018– |nationalteam4 = Hispania |nationalcaps4 = 56 |nationalgoals4 = 4 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 20 Mei 2025 |nationalteam-update = 14 Julai 2024 }} '''Rodrigo Hernández Cascante''' (alizaliwa [[22 Juni]] 1996), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Rodri''' au '''Rodrigo''', ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Hispania]] anayecheza kama kiungo wa ulinzi katika klabu ya [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Hispania. Anachukuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kuwa mmoja wa viungo bora zaidi duniani kutokana na uwezo wake wa kupiga pasi, utulivu uwanjani na umbo lake la kimwili. Rodri ni mmoja wa wachezaji wachache waliowahi kutwaa mataji ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]], [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] na tuzo ya [[Ballon d'Or]]. Alipata tuzo ya Ballon d'Or mwaka 2024, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili wa Hispania<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024: Manchester City and Spain midfielder Rodri wins first award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/ce8yevg34v1o |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> na mchezaji wa kwanza wa Manchester City kutwaa tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Rodrigo becomes first City player to win Ballon d'Or |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/rodrigo-becomes-first-city-player-to-win-ballon-dor-40232793 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=OneFootball}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake na Villarreal === Rodrigo Hernández Cascante<ref>{{cite web |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57319 |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 18 de mayo de 2019, en Valencia |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=es |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308100537/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/NLogin |url-status=live }}</ref> alizaliwa 22 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite web |title=Rodri |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/rodri |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164558/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/Rodri |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> mjini [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |title=Rodri: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219234742/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa [[Atlético Madrid]] mwaka 2007 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11 kutoka CF Rayo Majadahonda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |title=Fútbol: el nuevo fichaje "Rodri" (At. Madrid) y Lucas jugaron juntos en Majadahonda |publisher=Majadahonda Magazin |language=es |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707185200/https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2013, aliachwa na klabu hiyo kwa kile kilichoelezwa kuwa "ukosefu wa nguvu za kimwili", na baadaye alisaini mkataba na [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |title=El Busquets que se le escapó al Atlético VS. el nuevo 'kaiser' rojiblanco |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona |language=es |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090145/http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Februari 2015, Rodri alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya akiba ya Villarreal B.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |title=1–3: Frenados |publisher=RCD Espanyol |language=es |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081556/http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alifanya debut yake katika timu ya wakubwa tarehe 17 Desemba 2015 kwenye ushindi wa mabao 2–0 dhidi ya SD Huesca katika mchezo wa [[Copa del Rey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |title=Trigueros remonta al Huesca y certifica el pase sin presumir |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221033213/http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mechi yake ya kwanza katika ligi kuu ya [[La Liga]] ilikuwa tarehe 17 Aprili 2016 akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya [[Denis Suarez|Denis Suárez]] dhidi ya Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |title=Dos misiles de Guerra y Miku hunden al Submarino |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 April 2016 |access-date=3 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628205108/https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Mnamo 24 Mei 2018, Rodri alirejea Atlético Madrid baada ya klabu hiyo kufikia makubaliano na Villarreal kwa ada iliyokadiriwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |title=Acuerdo con el Villarreal para el traspaso de Rodri |publisher=Atlético Madrid |language=es |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |archive-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609093634/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 15 Agosti kwenye UEFA Super Cup ya mwaka 2018 mjini Tallinn, ambapo Atlético ilishinda 4–2 dhidi ya wapinzani wao wa jadi [[Real Madrid]]. Alishinda pia tuzo yake ya kwanza ndani ya klabu hiyo baada ya kuonyesha kiwango bora katika safu ya kiungo.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-04 |title=Rodri: Who is the Spain international and what will he bring to Man City? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48860805 |access-date=2026-07-21 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Manchester City === Mnamo 3 Julai 2019, [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ililipa [[pauni]] milioni 62.6 kuvunja mkataba wake na Atlético Madrid, ada iliyokuwa rekodi ya usajili kwa klabu hiyo kwa wakati huo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |title=Rodri: Manchester City pay £62.6m release clause for Atletico Madrid's Spain midfielder |website=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707071521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akiwa na Manchester City, Rodri alikuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi cha kocha [[Pep Guardiola]]. Alisaidia klabu hiyo kutwaa mataji manne mfululizo ya [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]] (Premier League) na kukamilisha rekodi ya kutwaa mataji matatu makubwa kwa msimu mmoja (treble) katika msimu wa 2022–23. Mnamo 10 Juni 2023, alifunga bao pekee la ushindi katika fainali ya [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] dhidi ya [[Inter Milan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65845807|title=Manchester City 1–0 Inter Milan|website=BBC Sport|date=10 June 2023}}</ref> na kuipatia Manchester City taji lao la kwanza la Ligi ya Mabingwa, ambapo alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0282-183b473eaf28-b2fde4465718-1000--player-of-the-season-rodri/ |title=Rodri named 2022/23 UEFA Champions League Player of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> == Timu ya taifa == Baada ya kuwakilisha Hispania katika ngazi za vijana, Rodri alichaguliwa kwenye timu ya wakubwa mnamo 16 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |title=Parejo, Marcos Alonso y Rodri, novedades en la lista de la selección española |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |language=es |date=18 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420122829/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ushindani tarehe 11 Septemba kwenye ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Kroatia katika mashindano ya UEFA Nations League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultados.as.com/resultados/futbol/nations_league/2018_2019/directo/ligaa_4_2_239030/|title= España 6–0 Croacia: resultado, resumen y goles|website=AS|date= 23 December 2021|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Alikuwa muhimili mkubwa katika kuifanya timu ya taifa ya [[Hispania]] kutwaa mataji ya UEFA Nations League (2023), UEFA Euro 2024, pamoja na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]]. Katika mafanikio hayo, Rodri alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano kwenye Euro 2024 na pia kwenye Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026. == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 2026 * Ballon d'Or: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya UEFA Euro: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya: 2022–23 * Mchezaji Bora wa Fainali za UEFA Nations League: 2023 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] qzr3g9qiz9sz4ghrgqjoyobeuhx3cv6 1585411 1585368 2026-08-07T10:42:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1585411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Rodri |picha = [[File:Rodri Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-187 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |jinakamili = Rodrigo Hernández Cascante |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1996|6|22|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Madrid]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Hispania]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.91}} |nafasi = [[Kiungo ulinzi]] |klabuyasasa = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |nambayaklabu = 16 |miakayaujana = 2006–2013 |Timuzaujana = [[CF Rayo Majadahonda]] |miakayaujana2 = 2013–2015 |Timuzaujana2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 2015–2016 |clubs1 = Villarreal B |caps1 = 42 |goals1 = 2 |years2 = 2015–2018 |clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |caps2 = 63 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2018–2019 |clubs3 = [[Atlético Madrid]] |caps3 = 34 |goals3 = 3 |years4 = 2019– |clubs4 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |caps4 = 172 |goals4 = 22 |nationalyears1 = 2012 |nationalteam1 = Hispania U16 |nationalcaps1 = 2 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2014–2015 |nationalteam2 = Hispania U19 |nationalcaps2 = 8 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2017–2018 |nationalteam3 = Hispania U21 |nationalcaps3 = 6 |nationalgoals3 = 1 |nationalyears4 = 2018– |nationalteam4 = Hispania |nationalcaps4 = 56 |nationalgoals4 = 4 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 20 Mei 2025 |nationalteam-update = 14 Julai 2024 }} '''Rodrigo Hernández Cascante''' (alizaliwa [[22 Juni]] 1996), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Rodri''' au '''Rodrigo''', ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Hispania]] anayecheza kama kiungo wa ulinzi katika klabu ya [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Hispania. Anachukuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kuwa mmoja wa viungo bora zaidi duniani kutokana na uwezo wake wa kupiga pasi, utulivu uwanjani na umbo lake la kimwili. Rodri ni mmoja wa wachezaji wachache waliowahi kutwaa mataji ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]], [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] na tuzo ya [[Ballon d'Or]]. Alipata tuzo ya Ballon d'Or mwaka 2024, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili wa Hispania<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024: Manchester City and Spain midfielder Rodri wins first award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/ce8yevg34v1o |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> na mchezaji wa kwanza wa Manchester City kutwaa tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Rodrigo becomes first City player to win Ballon d'Or |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/rodrigo-becomes-first-city-player-to-win-ballon-dor-40232793 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=OneFootball}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake na Villarreal === Rodrigo Hernández Cascante<ref>{{cite web |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57319 |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 18 de mayo de 2019, en Valencia |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=es |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308100537/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/NLogin |url-status=live }}</ref> alizaliwa 22 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite web |title=Rodri |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/rodri |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164558/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/Rodri |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> mjini [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |title=Rodri: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219234742/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa [[Atlético Madrid]] mwaka 2007 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11 kutoka CF Rayo Majadahonda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |title=Fútbol: el nuevo fichaje "Rodri" (At. Madrid) y Lucas jugaron juntos en Majadahonda |publisher=Majadahonda Magazin |language=es |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707185200/https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2013, aliachwa na klabu hiyo kwa kile kilichoelezwa kuwa "ukosefu wa nguvu za kimwili", na baadaye alisaini mkataba na [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |title=El Busquets que se le escapó al Atlético VS. el nuevo 'kaiser' rojiblanco |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona |language=es |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090145/http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Februari 2015, Rodri alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya akiba ya Villarreal B.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |title=1–3: Frenados |publisher=RCD Espanyol |language=es |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081556/http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alifanya debut yake katika timu ya wakubwa tarehe 17 Desemba 2015 kwenye ushindi wa mabao 2–0 dhidi ya SD Huesca katika mchezo wa [[Copa del Rey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |title=Trigueros remonta al Huesca y certifica el pase sin presumir |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221033213/http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mechi yake ya kwanza katika ligi kuu ya [[La Liga]] ilikuwa tarehe 17 Aprili 2016 akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya [[Denis Suarez|Denis Suárez]] dhidi ya Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |title=Dos misiles de Guerra y Miku hunden al Submarino |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 April 2016 |access-date=3 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628205108/https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Mnamo 24 Mei 2018, Rodri alirejea Atlético Madrid baada ya klabu hiyo kufikia makubaliano na Villarreal kwa ada iliyokadiriwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |title=Acuerdo con el Villarreal para el traspaso de Rodri |publisher=Atlético Madrid |language=es |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |archive-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609093634/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 15 Agosti kwenye UEFA Super Cup ya mwaka 2018 mjini Tallinn, ambapo Atlético ilishinda 4–2 dhidi ya wapinzani wao wa jadi [[Real Madrid]]. Alishinda pia tuzo yake ya kwanza ndani ya klabu hiyo baada ya kuonyesha kiwango bora katika safu ya kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2019-07-04 |title=Rodri: Who is the Spain international and what will he bring to Man City? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48860805 |access-date=2026-07-21 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Manchester City === Mnamo 3 Julai 2019, [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ililipa [[pauni]] milioni 62.6 kuvunja mkataba wake na Atlético Madrid, ada iliyokuwa rekodi ya usajili kwa klabu hiyo kwa wakati huo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |title=Rodri: Manchester City pay £62.6m release clause for Atletico Madrid's Spain midfielder |website=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707071521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akiwa na Manchester City, Rodri alikuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi cha kocha [[Pep Guardiola]]. Alisaidia klabu hiyo kutwaa mataji manne mfululizo ya [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]] (Premier League) na kukamilisha rekodi ya kutwaa mataji matatu makubwa kwa msimu mmoja (treble) katika msimu wa 2022–23. Mnamo 10 Juni 2023, alifunga bao pekee la ushindi katika fainali ya [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] dhidi ya [[Inter Milan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65845807|title=Manchester City 1–0 Inter Milan|website=BBC Sport|date=10 June 2023}}</ref> na kuipatia Manchester City taji lao la kwanza la Ligi ya Mabingwa, ambapo alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0282-183b473eaf28-b2fde4465718-1000--player-of-the-season-rodri/ |title=Rodri named 2022/23 UEFA Champions League Player of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> == Timu ya taifa == Baada ya kuwakilisha Hispania katika ngazi za vijana, Rodri alichaguliwa kwenye timu ya wakubwa mnamo 16 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |title=Parejo, Marcos Alonso y Rodri, novedades en la lista de la selección española |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |language=es |date=18 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420122829/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ushindani tarehe 11 Septemba kwenye ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Kroatia katika mashindano ya UEFA Nations League.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://resultados.as.com/resultados/futbol/nations_league/2018_2019/directo/ligaa_4_2_239030/|title= España 6–0 Croacia: resultado, resumen y goles|website=AS|date= 23 December 2021|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Alikuwa muhimili mkubwa katika kuifanya timu ya taifa ya [[Hispania]] kutwaa mataji ya UEFA Nations League (2023), UEFA Euro 2024, pamoja na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]]. Katika mafanikio hayo, Rodri alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano kwenye Euro 2024 na pia kwenye Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026. == Tuzo na heshima == * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 2026 * Ballon d'Or: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya UEFA Euro: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya: 2022–23 * Mchezaji Bora wa Fainali za UEFA Nations League: 2023 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] mlpfrlhce25dvmtlv0vdb1s9p2zeott 0 243897 1585371 2026-08-07T09:36:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Olivier Roumat 2016-10-23.jpg|thumb|Olivier Roumat]] '''Olivier Roumat''' (alizaliwa [[16 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi kadhaa za safu ya mbele ambazo ni: * Namba 8 * Mchezaji wa pembeni wa upande wa wazi wa safu ya mbele (Openside flanker) * Mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele (Lock) == Maisha ya klabu == Olivier Roumat alianza kucheza raga katika [[klabu]] ya Villeneuve-de-Marsan, kisha akahamia US Dax, ambako alianza kucheza ngazi ya juu katika msimu wa [[1985]] / 86. Mwaka [[1995]], alicheza kwa muda mfupi katika klabu ya Sharks nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Akiwa na Sharks, alikuwa sehemu ya timu iliyofanikiwa kushinda Currie Cup.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241215105107/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/10583.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} nddo1vgqy5aikt0v2dwlvq1pqxj0zbs 3 243898 1585374 2026-08-07T09:48:22Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585374 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) hawunzy0ns5wgdn01tr1abdni8b5lpq 3 243899 1585375 2026-08-07T09:48:32Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585375 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) hawunzy0ns5wgdn01tr1abdni8b5lpq 3 243900 1585376 2026-08-07T09:48:42Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585376 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) hawunzy0ns5wgdn01tr1abdni8b5lpq 3 243901 1585377 2026-08-07T09:48:53Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585377 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) hawunzy0ns5wgdn01tr1abdni8b5lpq 3 243902 1585378 2026-08-07T09:49:03Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585378 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) gbj29sjg5y549qhx6h8eko08nkgw9gr 3 243903 1585379 2026-08-07T09:49:13Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585379 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) gbj29sjg5y549qhx6h8eko08nkgw9gr 3 243904 1585380 2026-08-07T09:49:22Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585380 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) gbj29sjg5y549qhx6h8eko08nkgw9gr 3 243905 1585381 2026-08-07T09:49:33Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585381 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) gbj29sjg5y549qhx6h8eko08nkgw9gr 0 243906 1585382 2026-08-07T09:49:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:CS Bourgoin-Jallieu E.jpg|thumb|'''Olivier Milloud''']] '''Olivier Milloud''' (alizaliwa [[9 Desemba]] [[1975]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. [[Klabu]] yake ya mwisho kuchezea ilikuwa Stade Français katika [[ligi]] ya Top 14. Pia aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa, na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Ufaransa kilichoshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la [[2003]]. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ilikuwa prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele). Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa kwa Ufaransa tarehe 28 Mei [[2000]], katika mechi dhidi ya [[Romania]]. Mwaka [[2003]], alifanyiwa upasuaji wa kifundo cha [[mguu]], lakini alipona kwa wakati na akachaguliwa kuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Ufaransa kwa Kombe la Dunia la Raga la 2003. <ref>https://www.sporting-heroes.net/rugby/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070210230359/http://www.rbs6nations.com/squad_france_174444.htm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} d0hxy7rxp0ztutawqmkcbzty9g0t1dm 3 243907 1585383 2026-08-07T09:49:43Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585383 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) gbj29sjg5y549qhx6h8eko08nkgw9gr 3 243908 1585384 2026-08-07T09:49:52Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585384 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) gbj29sjg5y549qhx6h8eko08nkgw9gr 3 243909 1585385 2026-08-07T09:50:02Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585385 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) l9yf4ggmomp7amzwr9otn61ehb0ft7m 3 243910 1585386 2026-08-07T09:50:12Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585386 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) l9yf4ggmomp7amzwr9otn61ehb0ft7m 3 243911 1585387 2026-08-07T09:50:23Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585387 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) l9yf4ggmomp7amzwr9otn61ehb0ft7m 3 243912 1585388 2026-08-07T09:50:32Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585388 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) l9yf4ggmomp7amzwr9otn61ehb0ft7m 3 243913 1585389 2026-08-07T09:50:42Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585389 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) l9yf4ggmomp7amzwr9otn61ehb0ft7m 3 243914 1585390 2026-08-07T09:50:52Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585390 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) l9yf4ggmomp7amzwr9otn61ehb0ft7m 3 243915 1585391 2026-08-07T09:51:03Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1585391 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 7 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 63yo348c7e850s98es8t575a7yjall5 0 243916 1585392 2026-08-07T09:52:12Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Databox}} '''Catherine, Princess of Wales''' (alizaliwa na jina la '''Catherine Elizabeth Middleton'''; mnamo [[9 Januari]] [[1982]]) {{efn|Initially, the media reported her first name as "'''Kate'''", a diminutive of "Catherine".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walker|first1=Tim|last2=Eden|first2=Richard|title=What has happened to Prince William's Kate?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/10245873/What-has-happened-to-Prince-Williams-Kate-M...' 1585392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Catherine, Princess of Wales''' (alizaliwa na jina la '''Catherine Elizabeth Middleton'''; mnamo [[9 Januari]] [[1982]]) {{efn|Initially, the media reported her first name as "'''Kate'''", a diminutive of "Catherine".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walker|first1=Tim|last2=Eden|first2=Richard|title=What has happened to Prince William's Kate?|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/10245873/What-has-happened-to-Prince-Williams-Kate-Middleton.html|access-date=31 March 2024|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161209070022/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/10245873/What-has-happened-to-Prince-Williams-Kate-Middleton.html|date=16 August 2013|archive-date=9 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite later changes to her name and titles, the public continued to use "Kate Middleton".<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Duboff|first=Josh|title=It's been five years; why do we still call the Duchess of Cambridge "Kate Middleton"?|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/duchess-of-cambridge-kate-middleton-name-title|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610160657/https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/09/duchess-of-cambridge-kate-middleton-name-title|access-date=24 March 2024|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=9 September 2016|archive-date=10 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kearney|first=Georgie|title=Kate or Catherine? How the name of Princess of Wales changed after the Queen's death|url=https://7news.com.au/entertainment/royal-family/kate-or-catherine-how-the-name-of-princess-of-wales-changed-after-the-queens-death-c-8332317|access-date=24 March 2024|work=Seven News|date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251016043732/https://7news.com.au/entertainment/royal-family/kate-or-catherine-how-the-name-of-princess-of-wales-changed-after-the-queens-death-c-8332317|archive-date=16 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Hartmann|first=Margaret|title=Kate Middleton news: A complete guide for daft Americans|url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/kate-middleton-news.html|access-date=24 March 2024|magazine=New York|date=22 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214041929/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/kate-middleton-news.html|archive-date=14 December 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> The British media used "Kate" in their articles as a result of [[search engine optimisation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Royston|first=Jack|date=23 August 2023|archive-date=20 February 2024|title=Why Princess Catherine is still called Kate Middleton in media |url=https://www.newsweek.com/why-princess-catherine-called-kate-middleton-media-princess-wales-diana-1821876|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220223532/https://www.newsweek.com/why-princess-catherine-called-kate-middleton-media-princess-wales-diana-1821876|access-date=28 March 2024|magazine=Newsweek|url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2025, the [[BBC]] apologised to Catherine after receiving numerous complaints for failing to refer to her by her correct name and title.<ref>{{cite news|title=BBC received 728 complaints for failing to use Kate Middleton's correct title|work=Deadline|first=Jake |last=Kanter|url=https://deadline.com/2025/11/bbc-728-complaints-kate-middleton-correct-title-1236627049/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125041328/https://deadline.com/2025/11/bbc-728-complaints-kate-middleton-correct-title-1236627049/|date=24 November 2025|access-date=24 November 2025|archive-date=25 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>}} ni mmoja kati ya wana [[familia ya kifalme ya Uingereza]]. Ameolewa na [[William, Mfalme Mtarajiwa wa Wales]], ambaye ndiye mrithi wa kiti cha enzi cha [[Uingereza]]. Catherine alizaliwa mjini [[Reading]], [[Berkshire]], na kukulia katika kijiji cha [[Bucklebury, Berkshire|Bucklebury]]. Alipata elimu yake katika Shule ya St Andrew na Marlborough College kabla ya kujiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha St Andrews]] nchini [[Uskoti|Scotland]], ambako alisoma shahada ya historia ya sanaa. Ndani ya chuo hicho ndipo alipokutana kwa mara ya kwanza na Mwanamfalme William mwaka 2001, na baadaye kuhitimu masomo yake mwaka 2005. Kabla ya kutangazwa kwa uchumba wao mwezi Novemba 2010, alifanya kazi mbalimbali pamoja na kujitolea katika shughuli za hisani. Alipewa wadhifa wa Duchess of Cambridge baada ya kufunga ndoa na William katika Kanisa la [[Westminster Abbey]] tarehe 29 Aprili 2011. Wanandoa hao wamebarikiwa kupata watoto watatu: George, Charlotte, na Louis. Alilelewa na kuwa Princess of Wales tarehe 9 Septemba 2022, wakati William alipopewa rasmi wadhifa wa Mfalme Mtarajiwa wa Wales na baba yake, [[Charles III]]. Mapema mwaka 2024, aligundulika kuwa na saratani na kufanyiwa matibabu ya kemotherapy kabla ya kurejea kwenye majukumu yake ya kifalme baadaye mwaka huo. Baada ya harusi yake, Catherine amekuwa akitekeleza majukumu na ratiba mbalimbali za kifalme kama msaada kwa mfalme, huku pia akiwakilisha familia ya kifalme katika ziara rasmi za kimataifa. Kazi zake nyingi za hisani, ambazo kwa kiasi kikubwa zinaendeshwa kupitia Shirika la Royal Foundation, zinalenga maendeleo ya malezi ya awali ya watoto, mapambano dhidi ya uraibu, na kukuza sanaa. Yeye ni mshirika na mfadhili rasmi wa mashirika kadhaa ya hisani na ya kijeshi, yakiwemo Anna Freud Centre, Action for Children, SportsAid, na [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] iliyopo London. Ili kukuza mjadala wa wazi kuhusu afya ya akili katika jamii, alisaidia kuanzisha kampeni ya Heads Together, iliyozinduliwa rasmi mwezi Aprili 2016 akishirikiana na mumewe William pamoja na shemeji yake, Prince Harry. Uhusiano wa Catherine na vyombo vya habari umekuwa ukifuatiliwa kwa karibu na kuvutia hisia za wengi kwa miaka mingi, hususan jitihada zake za kulinda faragha ya familia yake katikati ya ufuatiliaji mkubwa wa umma. Ushawishi wake katika ulimwengu wa mitindo umebatizwa jina la "Kate Middleton effect" kutokana na jinsi mavazi anayovaa yanavyouzika kwa kasi kubwa. Kutokana na mchango na ushawishi wake, Catherine alitajwa na jarida la Time kuwa miongoni mwa watu mia moja wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani katika miaka ya 2011, 2012, na 2013. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Catherine Elizabeth Middleton alizaliwa tarehe 9 Januari 1982 katika Hospitali ya Royal Berkshire iliyopo mjini Reading. Yeye ni mtoto wa kwanza katika familia ya Michael Middleton na Carole Middleton (jina la familia yake ni Goldsmith).{{sfn|Westfahl|2015|page=1232}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ealinggazette.co.uk/ealing-news/royalwedding/2011/05/03/kate-middleton-s-mum-s-old-school-hosts-royal-wedding-party-64767-28626321|newspaper=Ealing Gazette|title=Kate Middleton's mum's old school hosts royal wedding party|date=3 May 2011|first=Poppy|last=Bradbury|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321165710/https://www.ealinggazette.co.uk/ealing-news/royalwedding/2011/05/03/kate-middleton-s-mum-s-old-school-hosts-royal-wedding-party-64767-28626321/|archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref> Wazazi wake wote wawili walikuwa wafanyakazi wa shirika la ndege la British Airways; baba yake akifanya kazi kama mratibu wa safari za ndege (na mama yake akiwa muhudumu wa ndani wa ndege. Alibatizwa tarehe 20 Juni katika Kanisa la St Andrew lililopo Bradfield, Berkshire, ambalo lilikuwa kanisa la parokia yao.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spencer |first=Julie |date=10 June 2017 |title=Church where Kate Middleton was baptised could become houses |url=https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/property/church-kate-middleton-baptised-could-13154553 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122200813/https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/property/church-kate-middleton-baptised-could-13154553 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=Reading Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Adams |first=William Lee |date=14 April 2011 |title=Kate Middleton's secret confirmation: How religious is the future princess? |url=https://newsfeed.time.com/2011/04/14/kate-middletons-secret-confirmation-how-religious-is-the-future-princess/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822202917/https://newsfeed.time.com/2011/04/14/kate-middletons-secret-confirmation-how-religious-is-the-future-princess/ |archive-date=22 August 2012 |access-date=20 February 2013 |magazine=Time}}</ref>{{sfn|Jobson|2010|p=32}} Catherine ana mdogo wake wa kike anayeitwa Philippa ("Pippa") aliyezaliwa mwaka 1983, na mdogo wake wa kiume anayeitwa James aliyezaliwa mwaka 1987.{{sfn|Nicholl|2015|page=26}}{{sfn|Reitwiesner|2011|pp=9, 16}} Ndugu wa upande wa baba yake walinufaika na mifuko ya uwekezaji ya kifamilia na walionekana kuwa wa tabaka la kati la juu wenye uhusiano wa karibu na mabwana shamba wa kifalme;<ref>{{multiref|{{cite book|title=Current Biography Yearbook|year=2011|publisher=H.&nbsp;W. Wilson|isbn=978-0-8242-1121-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/currentbiography0000unse_z0h6/page/116 116–118]|chapter=Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/currentbiography0000unse_z0h6/page/116}}|{{cite news|last=Rayner|first=Gordon |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|title='Middle-class' Duchess of Cambridge's relative wore crown and attended George V's coronation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/10307469/Middle-class-Duchess-of-Cambridges-relative-wore-crown-and-attended-George-Vs-coronation.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426043340/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/10307469/Middle-class-Duchess-of-Cambridges-relative-wore-crown-and-attended-George-Vs-coronation.html|date=13 September 2013|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-date=26 April 2016|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}}}</ref>{{Sfnm|ps=none|Warde|2013|1p=9|Price|2011|2p=130|Smith|2011|3p=13}} wazazi wa babu yake, Noël na Olive Middleton, walikuwa na kawaida ya kuwakaribisha na kuwahifadhi wajumbe wa familia ya kifalme kuanzia miaka ya 1920 hadi miaka ya 1940.<ref>{{multiref|{{cite news|last=Rayner|first=Gordon|title='Middle-class' Duchess of Cambridge's relative wore crown and attended George V's coronation|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/10307469/Middle-class-Duchess-of-Cambridges-relative-wore-crown-and-attended-George-Vs-coronation.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=13 September 2013|access-date=29 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621031215/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/10307469/Middle-class-Duchess-of-Cambridges-relative-wore-crown-and-attended-George-Vs-coronation.html|archive-date=21 June 2016|url-status=live}}|{{cite web|last=Reed|first=Michael |title=Gledhow Hall|url=https://houseandheritage.org/2016/09/05/gledhow-hall/|work=House and Heritage – David Poole |date=2016 |access-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906103755/https://houseandheritage.org/2016/09/05/gledhow-hall/|archive-date=6 September 2016|url-status=live}}|{{cite web |title=Garden Party, Headingley Cricket Ground |url=https://www.leodis.net/viewimage/94731 |website=Leodis |access-date=10 June 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516232110/https://www.leodis.net/viewimage/94731 |url-status=live }}|{{cite news|last=Tominey|first=Camilla |title=Duchess of Cambridge's great-great aunt was a mental asylum patient – just like Prince William's great-grandmother|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/19/duchess-cambridges-great-great-aunt-mental-asylum-patient/|access-date=21 July 2022|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=19 August 2022 |archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922003656/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2022/08/19/duchess-cambridges-great-great-aunt-mental-asylum-patient|url-status=live}}|{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Wilson|title=The Middletons deserve a title, step forward the Earl and Countess of Fairfax|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/10204690/The-Middletons-deserve-a-title-step-forward-the-Earl-and-Countess-of-Fairfax.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=26 July 2013|access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507093452/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/10204690/The-Middletons-deserve-a-title-step-forward-the-Earl-and-Countess-of-Fairfax.html|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=live}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Headrow, Permanent House|website=Leodis |url=https://www.leodis.net/display.aspx?resourceIdentifier=2002627_72555179&DISPLAY=FULL |access-date=24 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701130410/https://www.leodis.net/display.aspx?resourceIdentifier=2002627_72555179&DISPLAY=FULL|archive-date=1 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Smith|2011|p=13}} Kwa upande mwingine, familia ya mama yake ilitokana na ukoo wa wachimba mawe na ilielezwa kuwa ya tabaka la wafanyakazi wa kawaida.<ref>{{cite news|title=Class no barrier for Kate Middleton |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/class-no-barrier-for-kate-middleton-20110415-1dh20.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=15 April 2011|access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209064553/https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/class-no-barrier-for-kate-middleton-20110415-1dh20.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Nicholl |first=Katie |title=Meet the parents |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/04/meet-the-middletons-201104 |magazine=Vanity Fair |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412193948/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/04/meet-the-middletons-201104 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 1984, familia ya Middleton alihama kutoka Bradfield Southend, Berkshire, na kuhamia mjini [[Amman]], [[Jordan]], ambapo Catherine alisoma katika shule ya chekechea inayofundisha kwa lugha ya Kiingereza.<ref name="macleans">{{cite magazine |last=Köhler |first=Nicholas |title=Kate Middleton: An uncommon princess |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/an-uncommon-princess/ |magazine=Maclean's |access-date=15 September 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205021841/https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/an-uncommon-princess/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Middleton family photos reveal her time in Jordan |first=Gordon |last=Rayner |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8366374/Kate-Middleton-family-photos-reveal-her-time-in-Jordan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310050206/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8366374/Kate-Middleton-family-photos-reveal-her-time-in-Jordan.html|date=7 March 2011 |access-date=11 March 2011 |archive-date=10 March 2011|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> Baada ya familia hiyo kurejea Berkshire mwezi Septemba 1986, alijiunga na Shule ya St Andrew iliyopo karibu na Pangbourne, ambayo ilikuwa shule ya kibinafsi,{{sfn|Moody|2013|page=34}} ambapo baadaye alikaa bweni kwa baadhi ya siku za wiki.<ref>{{cite news|title=Duchess of Cambridge returns to St Andrew's School|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-20555704|work=BBC News|date=30 December 2012|access-date=29 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717163946/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-berkshire-20555704|archive-date=17 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Mwaka 1987, mama yake alianzisha kampuni ya Party Pieces, biashara ya kibinafsi ya kuuza vifaa vya sherehe kwa njia ya barua.<ref>{{cite news|last=Woods|first=Judith|date=16 October 2023|archive-date=11 March 2024|title=The real reason Carole Middleton's Party Pieces collapsed (according to the man trying to save it) |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/10/16/carole-middleton-party-pieces-business-james-sinclair/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311110938/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/10/16/carole-middleton-party-pieces-business-james-sinclair/|access-date=11 March 2024|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/princess-of-waless-parents-party-supplies-firm-sold-after-brush-with-insolvency-12883612|title=Princess of Wales's parents' party supplies firm sold after brush with insolvency|work=Sky News|first=Mark|last=Kleinman|date=18 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518193400/https://news.sky.com/story/princess-of-waless-parents-party-supplies-firm-sold-after-brush-with-insolvency-12883612|url-status=live}}</ref> Familia hiyo ilihamia Bucklebury mwaka 1995,<ref>{{cite news |title=Royal wedding: Kate Middleton's home village of Bucklebury prepares for big day |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8435034/Royal-wedding-Kate-Middletons-home-village-of-Bucklebury-prepares-for-big-day.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=12 April 2011 |access-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412145530/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8435034/Royal-wedding-Kate-Middletons-home-village-of-Bucklebury-prepares-for-big-day.html |archive-date=12 April 2011 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kate Middleton and her family business |url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/smallbusiness/1104/gallery.kate_middleton_party_pieces/5.html |work=CNN Money |access-date=15 September 2021 |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915035644/https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/smallbusiness/1104/gallery.kate_middleton_party_pieces/5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> na Catherine aliendelea na masomo yake katika Shule ya Downe House,<ref>{{cite news|title=Royal wedding: 50 things you may not know about Kate Middleton and Prince William|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Laura|last=Roberts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8139417/Royal-wedding-50-things-you-may-not-know-about-Kate-Middleton-and-Prince-William.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605220120/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/royal-wedding/8139417/Royal-wedding-50-things-you-may-not-know-about-Kate-Middleton-and-Prince-William.html|date=17 November 2010|access-date=6 May 2014|archive-date=5 June 2014|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> kabla ya kuwa mwanafunzi wa bweni katika chuo cha [[Marlborough College]] kilichopo [[Wiltshire]].{{sfn|Joseph|2011|page=89}}<ref>{{cite news|title=World press gather outside Middleton family home in Bucklebury as royal relationship ends|work=Newbury Today|url=https://www.newburytoday.co.uk/News/Article.aspx?articleID=4152|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920185955/https://www.newburytoday.co.uk/News/Article.aspx?articleID=4152|date=14 April 2007 |archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> Akiwa Marlborough, alijihusisha na michezo mbalimbali na alikuwa nahodha wa timu ya mpira wa hoki ya wasichana.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/video/2012/mar/15/duchess-cambridge-hockey-olympic-video|title=Duchess of Cambridge plays hockey at Olympic park – video|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 March 2012|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018022654/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/video/2012/mar/15/duchess-cambridge-hockey-olympic-video|url-status=live}}</ref> Alifanikiwa kupata tuzo ya dhahabu ya Duke of Edinburgh Award<ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Middleton: 30 facts about the Duchess of Cambridge|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/8999285/Kate-Middleton-30-facts-about-the-Duchess-of-Cambridge.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=9 January 2012|access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329080043/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/8999285/Kate-Middleton-30-facts-about-the-Duchess-of-Cambridge.html |archive-date=29 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Facts">{{cite magazine|url=https://people.com/royals/kate-middleton-birthday-things-you-didnt-know-future-queen/|title=Happy birthday, Kate Middleton! 10 things you didn't know about the future Queen|magazine=People|first=Janine|last=Henni|date=9 January 2024|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502153754/https://people.com/royals/kate-middleton-birthday-things-you-didnt-know-future-queen/|archive-date=2 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> na alifanyiwa upasuaji upande wa kushoto wa kichwa chake, ambao inaripotiwa kuwa ulikuwa wa kuondoa kivimbe, wakati huo wa ujana wake.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Independent|first=Emma |last=Guinness| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/kate-middleton-cancer-lump-removal-princess-wales-b2588167.html|title=Kate Middleton had 'emergency surgery' to remove lump as teenager|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801043124/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/kate-middleton-cancer-lump-removal-princess-wales-b2588167.html|date=31 July 2024|access-date=3 August 2024|archive-date=1 August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Licha ya kupewa nafasi ya kujiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/prince-william-kate-middleton-the-crown-b2466124.html|title=The making of a Duchess: How Kate Middleton met Prince William|work=The Independent|first=Meredith|last=Clark|date=18 December 2023|access-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429130300/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/royal-family/prince-william-kate-middleton-the-crown-b2466124.html|archive-date=29 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Middleton aliamua kuchukua likizo ya mwaka mmoja kabla ya chuo, ambapo alisoma katika Taasisi ya Uingereza iliyopo [[Florence]], [[Italia]], na pia alisafiri kwenda nchini [[Chile]] kujiunga na mpango wa maendeleo wa Raleigh International.{{sfn|Nicholl|2015|pp=76–79}} Alifanya kazi pia kama mfanyakazi wa melini (deckhand) katika Bandari ya [[Southampton]] wakati wa kiangazi kabla ya kuanza chuo kikuu.{{sfn|Nicholl|2015|page=82}} Baadaye alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha St Andrews kilichopo [[Fife]], [[Uskoti]], ambapo mwanzoni alisoma saikolojia kabla ya kuhamia na kujikita kikamilifu kwenye historia ya sanaa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Duchess of Cambridge reveals studying psychology at university inspired her charity work |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2018/11/21/duchess-cambridge-studied-psychology-university-emerges-reveals/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/royal-family/2018/11/21/duchess-cambridge-studied-psychology-university-emerges-reveals/ |date=21 November 2018|archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Akiwa chuoni, alifanya kazi ya muda kama mhudumu wa mgahawa<ref name=Facts/> na alikuwa mwanachama hai wa The Lumsden Club, iliyojihusisha na kuandaa matukio ya kuchangisha fedha pamoja na miradi ya kijamii.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ward |first=Victoria |title=Victory for Kate Middleton as men-only university club splinters |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/9095871/Victory-for-Kate-Middleton-as-men-only-university-club-splinters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/kate-middleton/9095871/Victory-for-Kate-Middleton-as-men-only-university-club-splinters.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-status=live |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=20 October 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Alitunukiwa shahada yake ya uzamili ya mfumo wa Uskoti yenye daraja la 2:1 katika historia ya sanaa mwaka 2005.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|first=Auslan|last=Cramb|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8347946/Prince-William-and-Kate-Middleton-return-to-St-Andrews-University-for-anniversary-celebrations.html|title=Prince William and Kate Middleton return to St Andrews University for anniversary celebrations|date=25 February 2011|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411005051/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/theroyalfamily/8347946/Prince-William-and-Kate-Middleton-return-to-St-Andrews-University-for-anniversary-celebrations.html|archive-date=11 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1982}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Wales]] 2kbxut7h15s1lrpen3h7048fwckx9fr 0 243917 1585395 2026-08-07T10:00:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585395 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:SylvainMarconnet.jpg|thumb|SylvainMarconnet]] '''Sylvain Marconnet''' (alizaliwa [[8 Aprili]] [[1976]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alichezea [[klabu]] ya Biarritz Olympique baada ya kuhamia kutoka Stade Français katika mashindano ya Top 14 nchini Ufaransa. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ilikuwa prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele). Marconnet pia aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa, na aliiwakilisha nchi yake katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la [[2003]] lililofanyika nchini [[Australia]]. == Tuzo na mafanikio == Stade Français * Ubingwa wa Raga ya Muungano wa Ufaransa / Top 14. ** [[1997]] – 98 ** [[1999]] – [[2000]] ** 2002 – 03 ** 2003 – 04 <ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/14606783</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20010627024930/http://lequipe.fr/Rugby/RugbyFicheJoueur736.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} hrfc2unv001q3uzew6on94u423biwlx 0 243918 1585396 2026-08-07T10:09:34Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Sammy | mwonekano wa kwanza = Orientación | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Bang & Burn | last appearance num = | msimu = 3 | mchezaji = [[Laurence Mason]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mfungwa / Mlinzi mkuu wa Lechero | familia = | mahusiano...' 1585396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Sammy | mwonekano wa kwanza = Orientación | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Bang & Burn | last appearance num = | msimu = 3 | mchezaji = [[Laurence Mason]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mfungwa / Mlinzi mkuu wa Lechero | familia = | mahusiano = [[Lechero]] (bosi wake) }} '''Sammy''' (jina kamili: '''Sammy Norino''') ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na [[Laurence Mason]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Laurence Mason: Sammy |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana zaidi katika msimu wa tatu wa mfululizo huu kama mmoja wa wahusika wakuu waliokuwa wakizuiliwa katika gereza la hatari la Sona nchini [[Panama]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Sammy Norino - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Sammy |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Sammy anajulikana kama mkono wa kuume na mlinzi mkuu wa [[Lechero]], kiongozi na mtawala wa wafungwa ndani ya gereza la Sona. Ni mtu mwenye msimamo mkali, mwenye nguvu za kimwili, na asiye na imani au huruma kwa wafungwa wenzake, hasa kwa [[Michael Scofield]]. Mara kwa mara anaonekana kupinga maamuzi ya Lechero pindi anapompa Michael nafasi au uhuru fulani gerezani. Katika kozi ya msimu wa tatu, utii wa Sammy kwa Lechero unaanza kuyumba kutokana na ushawishi wa nje na tamaa yake ya kuchukua uongozi wa Sona. Baadaye anatengeneza njama za kumupindua Lechero na kujitwalia madaraka, lakini mpango wake unakumbana na mwisho wa ghafla wakati anapouawa baada ya kuangukiwa na vifusi vya handaki la kutoroka ambalo Michael na wenzake walikuwa wakilichimba. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sammy}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] 339ejpvvqexe7c6hl8jq6ojud3ccgvj 0 243919 1585397 2026-08-07T10:10:51Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Manche Sanchez | mwonekano wa kwanza = J-Cat | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Chicago | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[Joe Nunez]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mfungwa katika Gereza la Fox River | familia = [[Fernando Sucre]...' 1585397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Manche Sanchez | mwonekano wa kwanza = J-Cat | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Chicago | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[Joe Nunez]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mfungwa katika Gereza la Fox River | familia = [[Fernando Sucre]] (binamu) | mahusiano = [[Fernando Sucre]] (rafiki na mwanafamilia) }} '''Manche Sanchez''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na [[Joe Nunez]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Joe Nunez: Manche Sanchez |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa kwanza na wa pili kama mfungwa katika gereza la Fox River State Penitentiary na pia binamu wa [[Fernando Sucre]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Manche Sanchez - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Manche_Sanchez |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Manche anafanya kazi katika sehemu ya dobi gerezani Fox River, nafasi inayomfanya awe kiungo muhimu katika usaidizi wa mipango ya kutoroka ya [[Michael Scofield]] na kundi lake. Baada ya kugundua mpango huo kupitia binamu yake Sucre, Manche anadai kujumuishwa katika mpango wa kutoroka ili asije akafichua siri hiyo. Wakati wa usiku wa kutoroka mwishoni mwa msimu wa kwanza, uzito wa mwili wa Manche unasababisha kamba ya uzio kukatika, jambo linalomfanya akamatwe na walinzi wa gereza papo hapo. Katika msimu wa pili, Manche anahojiwa na mpelelezi [[Brad Bellick]] na [[Alexander Mahone]], ambapo anajikuta akitoa taarifa za siri kuhusu mahali walipoelekea akina Sucre na Scofield ili kujaribu kupunguza kifungo chake. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sanchez, Manche}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] e9j3fa00zy2jnhfb5bjcoq65jn72fyg 0 243920 1585399 2026-08-07T10:11:42Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Nick Savrinn | mwonekano wa kwanza = Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 1) | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Disconnect | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 | mchezaji = [[Frank Grillo]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mwanasheria / Mfanyakazi wa Project Justice |...' 1585399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Nick Savrinn | mwonekano wa kwanza = Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 1) | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Disconnect | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 | mchezaji = [[Frank Grillo]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mwanasheria / Mfanyakazi wa Project Justice | familia = Edward Savrinn (baba) (amekufa) | mahusiano = [[Veronica Donovan]] (mwenza wa kazi na rafiki) }} '''Nick Savrinn''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na [[Frank Grillo]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Frank Grillo: Nick Savrinn |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa kwanza kama mwanasheria anayefanya kazi katika shirika la kutetea haki za waliohukumiwa kimakosa la Project Justice, ambapo anajiunga na [[Veronica Donovan]] kujaribu kuthibitisha kwamba [[Lincoln Burrows]] hana hatia<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Nick Savrinn - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Nick_Savrinn |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Nick anamsaidia Veronica kuchunguza njama na ushahidi wa uongo uliotumika kumtia hatiani Lincoln. Hata hivyo, baadaye inabainika kuwa Nick alikuwa akilazimishwa kufanya kazi chini ya ushawishi wa mhalifu [[John Abruzzi]] ili amkabidhi Veronica kwake, ikiwa ni kama sharti la kuokoa maisha ya baba yake aliyekuwa hatarini. Mwishoni mwa msimu wa kwanza, Nick anajuta na kuamua kutomusaliti Veronica na badala yake anamruhusu akimbie kwenda Blackfoot, Montana ili kupata ushahidi zaidi. Kutokana na uamuzi huo wa kukataa kumsaliti Veronica, Nick pamoja na baba yake wanapigwa risasi na kuuawa na mtu wa Abruzzi nyumbani kwao. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Savrinn, Nick}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] 791lkms932mzadmjzaknkdnzz09tfuc 0 243921 1585400 2026-08-07T10:11:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585400 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dimitri Szarzewski - 2013-09-05.jpg|thumb|Dimitri Szarzewski]] '''Dimitri Szarzewski''' (alizaliwa [[26 Januari]] [[1983]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ilikuwa hooker (mchezaji wa mstari wa mbele), na pia aliwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mashindano ya kimataifa. [[Klabu]] yake ya kwanza ilikuwa AS Béziers Hérault, ambako alicheza kuanzia mwaka [[2002]] hadi [[2004]]. Akiwa na Béziers, alicheza mechi tano katika Heineken Cup ya msimu wa 2002–03: * Aliingia kama mchezaji wa akiba dhidi ya Calvisano, Neath RFC, na Leicester mwaka 2002. * Alianza [[mechi]] dhidi ya Neath na Calvisano katika sehemu ya [[mashindano]] ya mwaka [[2003]]. == Tuzo na mafanikio == Stade Français * Akiwa na Stade Français msimu wa [[2006]] – 07. * Akiwa na Racing 92 msimu wa [[2015]] – 16. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140201100543/http://www.rwc2011.irb.com/home/teams/team%3D42/player%3D24224/index.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110524055648/http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/france/1434.php?player=71113&includeref=dynamic</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} e6rj1ib2m2hgg8axg5jv3pkzoa1k20h 0 243922 1585401 2026-08-07T10:12:28Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Terrence Steadman | mwonekano wa kwanza = Cell Test | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Sweet Caroline | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[John Billingsley]] (msimu wa 1)<br />[[Jeff Perry]] (msimu wa 2) | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mfanyabias...' 1585401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Terrence Steadman | mwonekano wa kwanza = Cell Test | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Sweet Caroline | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[John Billingsley]] (msimu wa 1)<br />[[Jeff Perry]] (msimu wa 2) | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mfanyabiashara / Mkurugenzi wa Ecofield | familia = [[Caroline Reynolds]] (dada yake) | mahusiano = }} '''Terrence Steadman''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na [[John Billingsley]] katika msimu wa kwanza na baadaye kuchukuliwa na [[Jeff Perry]] katika msimu wa pili<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Terrence Steadman |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu ndiye kitovu cha njama zote za kuuawa kwa mjasiriamali huyo wa kampuni ya Ecofield, tukio ambalo [[Lincoln Burrows]] alisingiziwa na kuhukumiwa adhabu ya kifo<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Terrence Steadman - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Terrence_Steadman |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Ili kumpandisha chati dada yake, [[Caroline Reynolds]], aliyekuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Marekani na baada ya hapo Rais, Steadman alifanya mpango wa kughushi kifo chake mwenyewe kwa msaada wa shirika la siri la "The Company". Baada ya tukio hilo, Steadman alifungiwa na kufichwa katika nyumba moja iliyolindwa vikali mjini Blackfoot, Montana, akiwa amekatwa ulimi na kubadilishwa meno ili kuzuia kutambulika kwake. Katika msimu wa pili, [[Lincoln Burrows]], [[Michael Scofield]], na [[Paul Kellerman]] wanafanikiwa kumpata Steadman kutoka Montana ili amtakase Lincoln na kumfanya awe huru. Hata hivyo, akiwa ghorofani katika hoteli moja ambapo walikuwa wamemhifadhi, Steadman anapatwa na woga mkubwa wa kwenda gerezani na kupoteza matumaini, jambo linalomfanya ajipige risasi na kujiua mwenyewe, na hivyo kuharibu ushahidi pekee uliokuwa unaweza kumweka Lincoln huru mara moja. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Steadman, Terrence}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] ksteuigzrkj248ai2fw2ryzgomuuwcy 0 243923 1585402 2026-08-07T10:13:54Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Frank Tancredi | mwonekano wa kwanza = Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 1) | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Subside | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[John Heard]] | p.a.k = Governer Tancredi | kazi yake = Gavana wa Jimbo la Illinois...' 1585402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Frank Tancredi | mwonekano wa kwanza = Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 1) | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Subside | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[John Heard]] | p.a.k = Governer Tancredi | kazi yake = Gavana wa Jimbo la Illinois | familia = [[Sara Tancredi]] (binti yake) | mahusiano = }} '''Frank Tancredi''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[John Heard]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=John Heard: Governor Frank Tancredi |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu ni Gavana wa Jimbo la Illinois na pia baba mzazi wa Dk. [[Sara Tancredi]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Frank Tancredi - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Frank_Tancredi |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Gavana Tancredi anaonyeshwa kama mwanasiasa mwenye msimamo mkali kuhusu sheria na utulivu, ambaye mahusiano yake na binti yake Sara yaliteteleka kutokana na historia ya Sara ya matatizo ya matumizi ya dawa za kulevya na kazi yake katika gereza la Fox River. Ni yeye mwenye mamlaka ya mwisho ya kutoa msamaha au kusitisha adhabu ya kifo ya [[Lincoln Burrows]], lakini anakataa kuingilia kati ombi hilo mwanzoni kutokana na shinikizo za kisiasa kutoka kwa Makamu wa Rais [[Caroline Reynolds]]. Katika msimu wa pili, baada ya kujua kuhusu uwezekano wa kuteuliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais mpya, Gavana Tancredi anaanza kutilia shaka mazingira ya kesi ya Lincoln na kifo cha [[Terrence Steadman]]. Baada ya kugundua ukweli kuhusu njama za shirika la siri la "The Company", anajaribu kumwonya binti yake Sara lakini anauawa na majasusi wa shirika hilo kabla hajafichua ushahidi huo, huku kifo chake kikionekana kama kujiua mwenyewe kwa kujinyonga. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tancredi, Frank}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] pfxu5l01nc29hspap1mnad9de53lxks 0 243924 1585403 2026-08-07T10:15:13Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Charles Westmoreland | mwonekano wa kwanza = Allen | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Go (kama mzima); [[Fin Del Camino]] / [[The Art of the Deal]] (kama muono/ndoto) | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 (msimu wa 2 na 3 kama muono) | mchezaji = [[Muse Watson]] | p.a.k...' 1585403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Charles Westmoreland | mwonekano wa kwanza = Allen | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Go (kama mzima); [[Fin Del Camino]] / [[The Art of the Deal]] (kama muono/ndoto) | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 (msimu wa 2 na 3 kama muono) | mchezaji = [[Muse Watson]] | p.a.k = D. B. Cooper | kazi yake = Mfungwa / Mhalifu wa zamani wa ujambazi wa ndege | familia = Annabel Westmoreland (binti yake) (amekufa) | mahusiano = Marilyn (paka wake wa gerezani) }} '''Charles Westmoreland''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na [[Muse Watson]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Muse Watson: Charles Westmoreland |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu ni mmoja wa wafungwa wa muda mrefu zaidi katika gereza la Fox River State Penitentiary, ambaye kwa miaka mingi amekuwa akitukiwa kuwa ndiye jambazi maarufu aliyeteka ndege na kutokomea na fedha, [[D. B. Cooper]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Charles Westmoreland - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Charles_Westmoreland |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Westmoreland anaonyeshwa kama mzee mpole, mwenye busara, na asiyejiingiza katika ghasia za gerezani, akiwa na paka wake anayeitwa Marilyn. Ingawa mwanzoni anakataa vikali kuwa yeye ni D. B. Cooper na anapinga mpango wa kutoroka wa [[Michael Scofield]], anabadili msimamo baada ya kugundua kuwa binti yake wa pekee ni mgonjwa mahututi wa saratani na kwamba mkuu wa gereza amemnyima ruhusa ya kwenda kumwona kabla hajafa. Baada ya kukiri kuwa yeye ni D. B. Cooper na kufichua kuwa alizika dola milioni 5 za Marekani huko Tooele, Utah, anajiunga na kundi la kutoroka ili kupata fursa ya kumuona binti yake. Wakati wa maandalizi ya kutoroka gerezani, Westmoreland anajikuta katika mapambano ya ana kwa ana na mlinzi wa gereza [[Brad Bellick]] aliyetaka kuharibu mpango wao. Ingawa anafanikiwa kumfunga na kumficha Bellick, Westmoreland anajeruhiwa vibaya tumboni na kipande cha kioo kilichovunjika. Anafanikiwa kufika katika chumba cha dobi usiku wa kutoroka, lakini kutokana na kuvuja damu kwa wingi, anapoteza fahamu na kufa kabla hajafanikiwa kuruka ukuta wa gereza, huku kabla ya kifo chake akiwaeleza Michael na wenzake eneo halisi ambapo pesa hizo zimefichwa. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Westmoreland, Charles}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] abovspi74x8seaqk2zzyvfod77dq93m 0 243925 1585405 2026-08-07T10:18:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585405 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Benjamin Kayser 2020.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Kayser 2020]] '''Benjamin Kayser''' (alizaliwa [[26 Julai]] [[1984]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Kayser alirejea katika [[klabu]] ya Stade Français mwishoni mwa msimu wa [[2008]] / 09, akitokea Leicester Tigers ya mashindano ya Guinness Premiership, klabu aliyojiunga nayo katika msimu wa [[2007]] – 08. Akiwa Leicester Tigers, alicheza kama mchezaji wa akiba wakati [[timu]] hiyo iliposhinda fainali ya Premiership ya mwaka [[2009]]. Msimu wa [[2010]] – 11 Top 14, Kayser alisaini [[mkataba]] na Castres Olympique. Mnamo Februari 2011, alisaini mkataba wa miaka 3 na ASM Clermont Auvergne. <ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=BK780455</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241219053012/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/16061.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} qdv42hkvgdmh3edsymco8iwz3xdk36i 0 243926 1585406 2026-08-07T10:19:17Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Jacob Anton Ness | mwonekano wa kwanza = Ogygia | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Behind the Eyes | last appearance num = | msimu = 5 | mchezaji = [[Mark Feuerstein]] | p.a.k = Poseidon | kazi yake = Mwalimu wa Uchumi wa Kisiasa / Jasusi wa CIA (Kiongozi...' 1585406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Jacob Anton Ness | mwonekano wa kwanza = Ogygia | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Behind the Eyes | last appearance num = | msimu = 5 | mchezaji = [[Mark Feuerstein]] | p.a.k = Poseidon | kazi yake = Mwalimu wa Uchumi wa Kisiasa / Jasusi wa CIA (Kiongozi wa 21-Void) | familia = [[Sara Tancredi]] (mke) <br />[[Michael Scofield|Michael Scofield Jr.]] (mtoto wa kufikia) | mahusiano = [[Sara Tancredi]] (mke) }} '''Jacob Anton Ness''' (anayejulikana pia kwa jina la usiri la '''Poseidon''') ni jina la mhusika na mpinzani mkuu wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]] katika msimu wa tano. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[Mark Feuerstein]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Mark Feuerstein: Jacob Anton Ness |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Katika muonekano wa nje, Jacob anaonekana kama mwalimu mtaratibu wa uchumi wa kisiasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ithaca na mume mpya wa [[Sara Tancredi]], lakini kwa siri ndiye kiongozi na mwanzilishi wa kikundi cha kijasusi cha hatari kinachojiendesha chenyewe cha 21-Void<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Jacob Anton Ness - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Jacob_Anton_Ness |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Jacob ndiye aliyekuwa chanzo cha [[Michael Scofield]] kuonekana kama amekufa na kulazimishwa kufanya kazi za usiri chini ya jina la Kaniel Outis katika gereza la Ogygia nchini [[Yemen]]. Baada ya Michael kukataa kuendelea kumtumikia, Jacob alimfanya atuhumiwe kwa mauaji ya afisa wa CIA ili kumweka gerezani na kupoteza uwezekano wa kurejea kwa familia yake, huku Jacob mwenyewe akimuoa Sara na kumlea mtoto wa Michael. Katika kozi ya msimu wa tano, usaliti na sura yake halisi vinagundulika na Sara na [[Lincoln Burrows]]. Baada ya vita vya akili na mtego uliopangwa kikamilifu na Michael, ubaya wa Jacob unabainishwa wazi kwa vyombo vya sheria. Mwishoni mwa mfululizo huu, Jacob anahukumiwa na kufungwa katika gereza la Fox River, ambapo anawekwa katika chumba kimoja na [[Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell]], aliyekuwa akitafuta kulipa kisasi cha kifo cha mwanaye Whip kilichosababishwa na watu wa Jacob. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ness, Jacob Anton}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] mlvgzcbifvzv3qcp04ezwh629sb93ge 0 243927 1585407 2026-08-07T10:26:50Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christopher Tolofua 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Christopher Tolofua 2014]] '''Christopher Tolofua''' (alizaliwa [[31 Desemba]] [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Kwa sasa anaichezea [[klabu]] ya [[Montpellier]]. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ni hooker (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele). == Maisha ya klabu == Christopher Tolofua alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza kwa klabu ya Toulouse dhidi ya Connacht katika mashindano ya Heineken Cup. Aliitwa kwenye kikosi cha kwanza kama mbadala wa muda wa [[wachezaji]] Gary Botha na Akvsenti Giorgadze, ambao walikuwa nje kutokana na [[majeraha]]. Tolofua alipandishwa kutoka katika timu ya vijana ya [[Toulouse]]. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya akademi ya taifa ya Ufaransa, mpango unaolenga kukuza vipaji vya vijana wa raga. <ref>https://www.talkingrugbyunion.co.uk/saracens-hooker-christopher-tolofua-heads-to-toulon/21501.htm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 026pisbc3v4t7yc9n50s14j8i29wi8j 0 243928 1585409 2026-08-07T10:37:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:USO - RCT - 28-09-2013 - Stade Mathon - Xavier Chiocci.jpg|thumb|'''Xavier Chiocci''']] '''Xavier Chiocci''' (alizaliwa [[13 Februari]] [[1990]] huko Toulon, Ufaransa) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anaiwakilisha [[klabu]] ya [[Toulon]] katika mashindano ya Top 14 nchini Ufaransa. == Wasifu == Xavier Chiocci alianza maisha yake ya uchezaji wa raga mwaka [[2000]] akiwa na klabu ya RC La Valette, na aliendelea kucheza hapo hadi mwaka [[2007]]. Katika kipindi hicho, aliwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa ya [[vijana]] chini ya miaka 18 katika [[Mashindano]] ya [[Ulaya]] ya Raga ya Muungano kwa Wachezaji Chini ya Miaka 18. <ref>https://www.lefigaro.fr/sports/rugby/coupes-d-europe2/actualites/a-l-ombre-des-stars-poussent-les-jeunes-toulonnais-695803</ref><ref>https://www.blog-rct.com/xavier-chiocci-la-pepite-du-rct-en-premiere-ligne/</ref> == Marejeo == . [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} f2pp5mubv95hx7v5rnur9qeog5g3xx0 0 243929 1585414 2026-08-07T10:47:22Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Maxime Machenaud 2019.jpg|thumb|Maxime Machenaud 2019]] '''Maxime Machenaud''' (alizaliwa [[30 Desemba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ni scrum-half (mchezaji wa kiungo kati ya forwards na backs). Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya Bayonne, na hapo awali aliwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa. == Maisha ya kimataifa == Maxime Machenaud alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa wakati wa ziara ya Ufaransa nchini [[Argentina]] mwaka [[2012]]. Katika ziara hiyo, alifunga try yake ya kwanza katika mechi za kimataifa. Mnamo Novemba [[2022]], aliitwa kujiunga na French Barbarians ili kucheza dhidi ya [[Fiji]] katika uwanja wa Stade Pierre-Mauroy. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210422171822/http://www.rugbyweek.com/racing-92-beat-toulon-win-top-14-rugby-title/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} sni5l0wsw9v9inp32akiadlc4yxe8x5 0 243930 1585415 2026-08-07T10:55:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Marc Lhermet 01.jpg|thumb|Jean-Marc Lhermet]] '''Jean-Marc Lhermet''' (alizaliwa [[14 Agosti]] [[1967]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyewahi kuiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika [[mashindano]] ya kimataifa. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya uchezaji === Jean-Marc Lhermet alizaliwa huko Montluçon, Ufaransa. Alianza kukuza [[kipaji]] chake cha raga katika [[klabu]] ya RC Vichy, kisha alitumia kipindi chote cha [[taaluma]] yake ya kiwango cha juu akiwa na Montferrand. Alicheza nafasi ya mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele uwanjani. Lhermet aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa na alipata [[michezo]] mitatu rasmi ya kimataifa (3 caps). <ref>https://www.lamontagne.fr/clermont-ferrand-63000/asm-clermont/asm-jean-marc-lhermet-raconte-le-titre-europeen-de-1999-video_13556057/</ref><ref>https://www.lefigaro.fr/sports/rugby/top-14/clermont-et-jean-marc-lhermet-la-fin-d-une-histoire-de-30-ans-20210809</ref><ref>https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=JL157653</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 626hmlnf8qyf4sp4s7zsu9ps0yo61xd 0 243931 1585417 2026-08-07T11:04:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Baptiste Lafond''' (alizaliwa [[29 Desemba]] [[1961]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa zaidi ya mara 30 katika mechi rasmi za kimataifa. Nafasi zake za kawaida uwanjani zilikuwa: * Wing (mshambuliaji wa pembeni) * Fullback (mlinzi wa mwisho) Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa kwa Ufaransa dhidi ya [[Australia]] mwaka [[1983]] huko Clermont-Ferrand. [[Mechi]] hiyo iliisha kwa sare ya 15–15. Lafond alishiriki katika mashindano kadhaa Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano ya Raga, na pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Ufaransa kilichoshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la [[1991]]. <ref>https://www.sporting-heroes.net/rugby/</ref> == Marejo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} fnxzzbd3pcux649qjcgwh5stz8m7h2q 0 243932 1585421 2026-08-07T11:20:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Stade rennais vs USM Alger, July 16th 2016 - Yoann Gourcuff 1.jpg|thumb|Yoann Gourcuff]] '''Yoann Miguel Gourcuff''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1986]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[zamani]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyekuwa akicheza zaidi kama kiungo mshambuliaji. Pia alikuwa na uwezo wa kucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] wa nyuma, yaani mshambuliaji anayeshuka nyuma kusaidia kutengeneza nafasi za magoli. Gourcuff alielezewa kama mchezaji wa kutengeneza mashambulizi mwenye ubora mkubwa na mpigaji pasi mwenye uwezo mkubwa. Alionekana sana kama mmoja wa vipaji bora vya [[vijana]] vya Ufaransa katika kizazi chake. Kipaji chake, mtindo wake wa kucheza, kujituma [[uwanjani]], uwezo wa kiufundi na kuonyesha uwezo mkubwa akiwa na [[umri]] mdogo vilimfanya kulinganishwa na nyota wa Ufaransa [[Zinedine Zidane]]. == Tuzo na mafanikio == AC Milan * Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA (UEFA Champions League: [[2006]] – 07) * UEFA Super Cup: [[2007]] * [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Vilabu la FIFA (FIFA Club World Cup: 2007) <ref>https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8573-gourcuff-yoann/fiche.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150927150721/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=254144/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mwiv7uv9u86b6tg8gpm7b1izih2xk14 0 243933 1585423 2026-08-07T11:29:28Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Ja | mwonekano wa kwanza = Ogygia | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Phaeacia | last appearance num = | msimu = 5 | mchezaji = [[Rick Yune]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mdukuzi wa kompyuta / Mfungwa | familia = | mahusiano = Michae...' 1585423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Ja | mwonekano wa kwanza = Ogygia | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Phaeacia | last appearance num = | msimu = 5 | mchezaji = [[Rick Yune]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mdukuzi wa kompyuta / Mfungwa | familia = | mahusiano = [[Michael Scofield]] (rafiki na mfungwa mwenzake) }} '''Ja''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[Rick Yune]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Rick Yune: Ja |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa tano wa mfululizo huu kama mfungwa Mkorea anayeshikiliwa katika gereza la hatari la Ogygia nchini [[Yemen]] pamoja na [[Michael Scofield]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Ja - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Ja |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Ja ni mdukuzi mahiri wa kompyuta mwenye matatizo ya uraibu wa pombe na dawa za kulevya, pamoja na kuwa mpenzi mkubwa wa muziki wa [[Freddie Mercury]] na bendi ya [[Queen]]. Ujuzi wake wa kiufundi na uwezo wake wa kupata vitu vilivyopigwa marufuku gerezani unamfanya awe kiungo muhimu sana katika mpango wa Michael wa kutoroka Ogygia. Baada ya kufanikiwa kutoroka gerezani na kukimbia kundi la kigaidi la ISIL pamoja na akina Michael na [[Lincoln Burrows]], Ja anasafiri nao hadi Ugiriki. Hata hivyo, badala ya kuendelea na safari ya kwenda Marekani, anavutiwa na amani na utulivu wa kisiwa cha Phaeacia na kuamua kubaki huko ili kuanza maisha mapya huru mbali na matatizo yake ya zamani. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ja}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] ifnpdx7rs4wt3g9gntn2w4hx0jhaqjs 0 243934 1585424 2026-08-07T11:30:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1585424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Castres Olympique - Présentation de l'équipe 2015-2016 - Mathieu Babillot.jpg|thumb|Mathieu Babillot]] '''Mathieu Babillot''' (alizaliwa [[9 Septemba]] [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ni flanker (mchezaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele). Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya Castres Olympique katika mashindano ya Top 14, na pia ameiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa. == Maisha ya kimataifa == Mathieu Babillot aliitwa tena kwenye timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa kabla ya [[mchezo]] wa tatu wa Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya Raga ya mwaka [[2018]] dhidi ya [[Italia]]. Hii ilikuwa sehemu ya maandalizi ya Ufaransa katika mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya Raga, ambapo timu za taifa za [[Ulaya]] hushindana kila mwaka. <ref>https://www.planetrugby.com/castres-stun-montpellier-to-claim-third-top-14-title</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 7nsonghebzpi0slbiagm4wa23c5aclt 0 243935 1585425 2026-08-07T11:30:36Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Roy Geary | mwonekano wa kwanza = Pilot | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Disconnect | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[Matt DeCaro]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mlinzi wa Gereza (CO) / Mwindaji wa Wafungwa | familia = | mah...' 1585425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Roy Geary | mwonekano wa kwanza = Pilot | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Disconnect | last appearance num = | msimu = 1, 2 | mchezaji = [[Matt DeCaro]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Mlinzi wa Gereza (CO) / Mwindaji wa Wafungwa | familia = | mahusiano = [[Brad Bellick]] (rafiki na mshirika) }} '''Roy Geary''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[Matt DeCaro]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Matt DeCaro: Roy Geary |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa kwanza na wa pili kama mlinzi fisadi katika gereza la Fox River State Penitentiary na baadaye mshirika wa [[Brad Bellick]] katika kuwasaka wafungwa waliotoroka<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Roy Geary - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Roy_Geary |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Geary anaonyeshwa kama mlinzi mlafi na mkatili anayetumia madaraka yake vibaya kwa kuwaibia wafungwa vitu vyao vya thamani na kupokea rushwa. Baada ya kubainika kuwa aliiba saa ya mkononi ya [[Michael Scofield]] na kusingiziwa kumchoma moto Scofield, anafutwa kazi na Mkuu wa Gereza [[Henry Pope]]. Katika msimu wa pili, Geary anaungana na Brad Bellick aliyefutwa kazi pia, ili kuwasaka wafungwa waliotoroka kwa lengo la kupata pesa za zawadi pamoja na pesa za [[D. B. Cooper]] zilizozikwa huko Utah. Baada ya kufanikiwa kupata begi la pesa hizo dola milioni 5 kutoka kwa [[Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell]], Geary anamusaliti Bellick na kukimbia na fedha hizo zote. Hata hivyo, furaha yake haidumu kwani T-Bag anafanikiwa kumfuatilia kupitia kifaa cha ufuatiliaji kilichokuwa kwenye begi na kumuua kwa unyama hotelini ili kuchukua pesa zake zote. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Geary, Roy}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] crsssv0u9apku5wvpqqix0ru948guxi 0 243936 1585427 2026-08-07T11:33:56Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Danny Hale | mwonekano wa kwanza = Pilot | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = End of the Tunnel | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 | mchezaji = [[Danny McCarthy]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Jasusi wa Secret Service / Afisa wa The Company | familia...' 1585427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Danny Hale | mwonekano wa kwanza = Pilot | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = End of the Tunnel | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 | mchezaji = [[Danny McCarthy]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Jasusi wa Secret Service / Afisa wa The Company | familia = Allison Hale (mke) | mahusiano = [[Paul Kellerman]] (mshirika na rafiki wa kazi) }} '''Danny Hale''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[Danny McCarthy]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Danny McCarthy: Danny Hale |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa kwanza kama jasusi wa Idara ya Ulinzi ya Rais (Secret Service) na mshirika wa karibu wa [[Paul Kellerman]], wakifanya kazi chini ya maelekezo ya Makamu wa Rais [[Caroline Reynolds]] na shirika la siri la "The Company"<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Danny Hale - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Danny_Hale |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Hale anashirikiana na Kellerman katika kuhakikisha kuwa mpango wa kumwekea [[Lincoln Burrows]] mtego wa mauaji ya [[Terrence Steadman]] unazikwa na hautambuliki. Wanahusika katika matukio kadhaa ya kinyama, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuua watu wanaohoji ukweli wa kesi hiyo na kujaribu kumfuta kazi na kumuua mwanasheria [[Veronica Donovan]]. Tofauti na Kellerman ambaye hana huruma wala msamaha, Hale anaanza kupatwa na hatia na woga mkubwa kutokana na mauaji ya watu wasio na hatia na athari za kazi zao kwa mke wake mjamzito. Baada ya kuona mambo yanazidi kuwa mabaya, Hale anafanya uamuzi wa kuwasiliana na Veronica Donovan kwa siri ili ampe nyaraka zenye kurasa 50 zinazothibitisha njama zote na kwamba Steadman yuko hai. Hata hivyo, kabla hajamkabidhi Veronica nyaraka hizo, Paul Kellerman anagundua usaliti wake na kumpiga risasi ya kichwa na kumuua papo hapo. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Danny}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] 5zs4zzl362k9cyf2chexm3juae5z2cr 1585428 1585427 2026-08-07T11:34:26Z Said Mfaume 68307 Said Mfaume alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Danny Hale]] hadi [[Danny Hale (Prison Break)]] 1585427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Danny Hale | mwonekano wa kwanza = Pilot | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = End of the Tunnel | last appearance num = | msimu = 1 | mchezaji = [[Danny McCarthy]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Jasusi wa Secret Service / Afisa wa The Company | familia = Allison Hale (mke) | mahusiano = [[Paul Kellerman]] (mshirika na rafiki wa kazi) }} '''Danny Hale''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[Danny McCarthy]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Danny McCarthy: Danny Hale |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa kwanza kama jasusi wa Idara ya Ulinzi ya Rais (Secret Service) na mshirika wa karibu wa [[Paul Kellerman]], wakifanya kazi chini ya maelekezo ya Makamu wa Rais [[Caroline Reynolds]] na shirika la siri la "The Company"<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Danny Hale - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Danny_Hale |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Hale anashirikiana na Kellerman katika kuhakikisha kuwa mpango wa kumwekea [[Lincoln Burrows]] mtego wa mauaji ya [[Terrence Steadman]] unazikwa na hautambuliki. Wanahusika katika matukio kadhaa ya kinyama, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuua watu wanaohoji ukweli wa kesi hiyo na kujaribu kumfuta kazi na kumuua mwanasheria [[Veronica Donovan]]. Tofauti na Kellerman ambaye hana huruma wala msamaha, Hale anaanza kupatwa na hatia na woga mkubwa kutokana na mauaji ya watu wasio na hatia na athari za kazi zao kwa mke wake mjamzito. Baada ya kuona mambo yanazidi kuwa mabaya, Hale anafanya uamuzi wa kuwasiliana na Veronica Donovan kwa siri ili ampe nyaraka zenye kurasa 50 zinazothibitisha njama zote na kwamba Steadman yuko hai. Hata hivyo, kabla hajamkabidhi Veronica nyaraka hizo, Paul Kellerman anagundua usaliti wake na kumpiga risasi ya kichwa na kumuua papo hapo. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hale, Danny}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] 5zs4zzl362k9cyf2chexm3juae5z2cr 0 243937 1585429 2026-08-07T11:34:26Z Said Mfaume 68307 Said Mfaume alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Danny Hale]] hadi [[Danny Hale (Prison Break)]] 1585429 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Danny Hale (Prison Break)]] ai1m39ixnpvmjwurzpnxtf8cd4bga1f 0 243938 1585437 2026-08-07T11:37:38Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Mark Wheeler | mwonekano wa kwanza = Otis | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Panama | last appearance num = | msimu = 2, 4 | mchezaji = [[Jason Davis]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Jasusi wa FBI | familia = | mahusiano = Alexander M...' 1585437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uhusika wa Prison Break | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo ya picha = | jina = Mark Wheeler | mwonekano wa kwanza = Otis | first appearance num = | mwonekano wa mwisho = Panama | last appearance num = | msimu = 2, 4 | mchezaji = [[Jason Davis]] | p.a.k = | kazi yake = Jasusi wa FBI | familia = | mahusiano = [[Alexander Mahone]] (bosi na mshirika wake wa kazi) }} '''Mark Wheeler''' ni jina la mhusika wa tamthilia ya [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] ya [[Prison Break]]. Uhusika huu ulichezwa na mwigizaji [[Jason Davis]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Jason Davis: Mark Wheeler |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0455275/ |website=IMDb |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Mhusika huyu anaonekana katika msimu wa pili na wa nne kama jasusi wa Shirika la Upelelezi la Marekani (FBI) anayefanya kazi katika ofisi ya Field Office ya Chicago chini ya usimamizi wa Afisa Mwandamizi [[Alexander Mahone]]<ref>{{cite web |language=en |title=Mark Wheeler - Prison Break Character |url=https://prisonbreak.fandom.com/wiki/Mark_Wheeler |website=Prison Break Wiki |access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref>. Wheeler anasaidia sana katika uratibu wa kiufundi na kiutendaji wakati wa msako mkubwa wa kitaifa wa kuwatafuta wafungwa nane waliotoroka katika gereza la Fox River ("Fox River Eight"). Hata hivyo, kadiri msako unavyoendelea, Wheeler anaanza kuwa na wasiwasi na kutilia shaka mbinu anazotumia Mahone, hasa baada ya kubaini kuwa Mahone anahusika moja kwa moja na mauaji ya wafungwa waliokamatwa badala ya kuwarudisha gerezani. Baada ya kugundua viashiria vya njama na ushirikiano wa siri kati ya Mahone na shirika la "The Company", Wheeler anaanza kushirikiana na Idara ya Mambo ya Ndani (Internal Affairs) kupitia afisa Richard Sullins. Anafanya kazi ya kukusanya ushahidi dhidi ya Mahone ili kumtia hatiani kwa matumizi mabaya ya madaraka na mauaji ya kiholela. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Wahusika wa Prison Break}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wheeler, Mark}} [[Jamii:Wahusika wa Prison Break]] 3y9rouhfnu4uvirycxpacl4p55b9ztj 0 243939 1585441 2026-08-07T11:48:42Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khalid bin Mahfouz''' (alizaliwa [[26 Desemba]] [[1949]] – alifariki [[16 Agosti]] [[2009]]<ref name="Martin2">{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=27 August 2009|title=Khalid bin Mahfouz, Saudi Banker, Dies at 60|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/world/middleeast/27mahfouz.html?pagewanted=print|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121183036/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/world/middleeast/2...' 1585441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khalid bin Mahfouz''' (alizaliwa [[26 Desemba]] [[1949]] – alifariki [[16 Agosti]] [[2009]]<ref name="Martin2">{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|date=27 August 2009|title=Khalid bin Mahfouz, Saudi Banker, Dies at 60|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/world/middleeast/27mahfouz.html?pagewanted=print|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121183036/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/world/middleeast/27mahfouz.html|archive-date=2017-11-21|accessdate=23 May 2011}}</ref>) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Saudia]], mwekezaji na mwenyekiti wa zamani wa National Commercial Bank (NCB). Khalid ni mtoto wa Salem Bin Mahfouz, mjasiriamali wa Saudia ambaye alianzisha NCB, benki ya kwanza ya kibinafsi ya Saudia. Akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa karibu dola bilioni 6, Bin Mahfouz aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 24 katika orodha ya jarida la Arabian Business ya Waarabu wenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani mwaka [[2008]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/power100-2010|title=Power 100 2010|work=Arabian Business}}</ref>. Mwaka huo huo, Bin Mahfouz aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 214 katika orodha ya mabilionea ya [[Forbes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/JKTG.html|title=Khalid Bin Mahfouz & family, The World's Richest People - Forbes.com|website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=}}</ref> Baada ya [[Septemba 11, 2001|mashambulizi ya Septemba 11]] huko [[Jiji la New York|New York]] na [[Washington]], ambapo 15 kati ya watekaji nyara 19 walikuwa Wasaudia, tuhuma kubwa ziliangukia kwa wafadhili wa Saudia kama vyanzo vya ufadhili wa ugaidi, na Khalid Bin Mahfouz alikabiliwa na shutuma katika vitabu, magazeti na majarida kwamba yeye na familia yake walikuwa wakituma fedha kwa [[Al-Qaeda|Al Qaeda]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] 1atrailrx04wsym1eyisnp5zgitttxm 0 243940 1585443 2026-08-07T11:54:41Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Turki bin Nasser Al Saud''' (Alizaliwa [[14 Aprili]] [[1948]] – alifariki [[30 Januari]] [[2021]]) alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi wa [[Saudia]], ambaye alihudumu kama mkuu wa rais wa hali ya hewa na mazingira pamoja na waziri wa nchi kwa masuala ya mazingira nchini Saudia. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Nasaba ya Saud na mmoja wa wajukuu wa mwanzilishi wa Saudia Mfalme Abdulaziz.<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph A. Kechichian|title=Succession In Saudi Arabia|isbn=978-0...' 1585443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Turki bin Nasser Al Saud''' (Alizaliwa [[14 Aprili]] [[1948]] – alifariki [[30 Januari]] [[2021]]) alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi wa [[Saudia]], ambaye alihudumu kama mkuu wa rais wa hali ya hewa na mazingira pamoja na waziri wa nchi kwa masuala ya mazingira nchini Saudia. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Nasaba ya Saud na mmoja wa wajukuu wa mwanzilishi wa Saudia Mfalme Abdulaziz.<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph A. Kechichian|title=Succession In Saudi Arabia|isbn=978-0-312-29962-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSHIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA283|year=2001|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=283|author-link=Joseph A. Kechichian |location=New York}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafalme wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] i4nzwysx6vbadqfltfg990nwp7i4ccq