Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1169 1589844 1580243 2026-08-21T09:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Mohammed_kaaba_1315.jpg|thumb|350px|Mtume Muhammed jinsi alivyotengeneza [[Kaaba]] huko [[Makka]] - picha mnamo mwaka 1315 kutoka Asia ya Kati]] [[Picha:Siyer-i_Nebi_151b.jpg|thumb|350px|Mtume Muhammed jinsi alivyosali mbele ya Kaaba - (katika picha za Kiosmani uso wa mtume hufichwa mara nyingi tangu karne ya 16 BK)]] '''Muhammad''' (''kwa [[Kiarabu]] "Mwenye kusifika sana"; jina kamili kwa kirefu ni ''<br />محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ '' Muhammad bin 'Abd Allāh bin 'Abd al-Muţţalib al-Hāshimī''; [[570]] hivi - [[8 Juni]] [[632]]) anaaminika katika [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]] kuwa ni [[mtume]] wa mwisho wa [[Mungu]] ([[Allah]]) kwa [[binadamu]]. == Utoto wake == Muhammad alizaliwa yatima kwani baba yake alifariki kabla yeye hajazaliwa. Hakuishi sana na mama yake (Amina), kwa kuwa naye alifariki dunia Muhammad akiwa na umri wa miaka sita. Baadaye akachukuliwa na babu yake [[Abdul Muttalib]] na kuishi naye kwa muda wa miaka miwili, kisha babu yake naye akafariki. Kazi ya kumlea Muhammad ilimwangukia ami yake Abu Talib ambaye ndiye aliyeishi naye mpaka ukubwa na kumuoza na kumpa himaya wakati alipoanza kazi ya kufikisha ujumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu kwa watu. Kadiri ya hadithi za Kiislamu, ilipokua karibu atadhihiri Mtume ma[[padri]] wa [[Ukristo|Kinasara]] na ma[[kuhani]] wa [[Uyahudi|Kiyahudi]] waliokuwa wakikaa [[Bara Arabu]] walikuwa wakiwatahayarisha majirani wao wa Kiarabu waliokuwa wakiabudu [[sanamu]], wakiwaambia: “Karibu ataletwa Mtume katika nchi yenu hii, abatilishe hii [[ibada]] yenu mbovu ya sanamu”. Walipoambiwa hivi wale [[Waarabu]] waliwauliza jina la Mtume huyo, wakawajibu kuwa jina lake litakuwa Muhammad. Kwa hivyo kila mwenye kusadiki hayo alimwita mwanawe Muhammad. Lakini hayakusikilizana majina haya ila kwa baadhi ya Waarabu waliokua wakikaa [[Shamu]] tu na [[Najran]] ([[Yaman]]) ambako mapadri wengi walikaa, na vilevile katika [[Madina]] ambayo nusu ya wakazi wake walikuwa Wayahudi. Hata lilipoanza kutangaa jina la Mtume, waliokuwa wamekwisha kuitwa kwa jina hilo walikuwa wachache tu Bara Arabu nzima. Inasemekana Mtume aliinukia tangu utotoni kwake juu ya sifa zake nzuri na [[ukomavu]] wa [[akili]] ya kiutu uzima, hakupata kufanya vitendo vya utoto umri wake, wala kuazimia kuvifanya ila mara mbili tu, ambazo mara mbili zote hizo Mwenyezi Mungu alimhifadhi navyo. Kitendo chenyewe alichokiazimia kukifanya mara mbili zote hizo na Mwenyezi Mungu akamhifadhi nacho ni kutaka kwenda kukesha katika [[ngoma]] za [[arusi]] mbili za marafiki wake waliooa katika [[mji]] wa [[Makka]]. Lakini Mungu alimpa usingizi mkubwa katika masiku yote hayo mawili hata hakuweza kufumbua jicho, wala kunyanyua miguu kwenda mahali. Hajapata kuhudhuria hata mara moja katika ibada za kuabudu sanamu wala kula chakula kilichochinjwa kwa ajili yao. Moyo wake ulichukizwa na hayo na mambo mengine yaliyo mabaya. Tangu udogo wake Mtume aliondokea na sifa nzuri ambazo hapana hata mmoja katika hirimu zake aliyekuwa nazo zote. Kila sifa zinazohesabiwa kuwa ni njema na Waislamu ndizo alizokuwa nazo tangu utoto wake. Mkewe [[Aisha]] alipoombwa kutaja kidogo sifa za Mtume, alisema hivi: “Sifa zake ni zile sifa nzuri zinazosifiwa na [[Kurani]]” na katika Kurani zimetajwa chungu ya sifa zilizo nzuri. Mtume mara nyingi alikuwa akisema: “Sikupata kufanya hata siku moja yale mambo waliyokuwa wakiyafanya makafiri”. Kwa hivyo yeye hakupata kuabudu sanamu, kulewa, kuzini, kucheza kamari wala hakumdhulumu mtu kitu chake na kama haya. Lakini alikuwa msemakweli, mwaminifu, mpole na mwenye haya na sifa nyingi nyinginezo bora kama hizi. Watu wa Makka walikuwa wakimsifu kwa tabia zake, hata wakampa jina la Muhammad Al-Amin (mwaminifu). Alikuwa hatajikani ila kwa jina la Al-Amin. Wakubwa na wadogo walikuwa wakimheshimu na kumpa amana zao kuwawekea, hata baada ya [[utume]]. == Hali yake kabla ya kupewa utume == Makureshi ni watu wa [[biashara]], kila Kureshi alipata kufanya kazi hii. Safari moja baadhi yao walipokuwa wakienda Yaman katika biashara zao, baba yake mdogo wa pili Bwana Zubeyr alimshauri ikiwa atapenda kusafiri. Mtume aliridhia akenda naye mpaka Yaman, wakakaa huko muda wa siku tatu tu kisha wakarejea, wakati huu Mtume alikuwa mtoto wa miaka tisa. Hata alipotimia miaka 12 mwaka [[582]], alisafiri tena pamoja na baba yake mdogo mwingine, Bwana Abu Talib; safari hii waliazimia kwenda Shamu, lakini walipofika [[Busra]] – mji wa kusini kabisa katika nchi ya Shamu – walikutana na padri jina lake Bahyra ambaye alimkataza asisogee na mwanawe zaidi kuliko hapo, akamwambia: “Mtoto huyu namwona ana alama zote za Mtume aliyetabiriwa kuwa atakuja, basi naona ni hatari kubwa akienda Shamu, asije akauawa na Wayahudi huko. Nakusihi sana urejee naye, au umpe mtu mwaminifu arejee naye, nawe uende katika biashara zako”. Abu Talib alimpa mtu arejee naye Makka naye akaendelea na safari yake. Huyu padri Bahyra alikuwa mwanachuoni wa Kinasara, na alimbashiri Mtume lakini hakuwahi kumwamini alipoanza utume, ila mwanafunzi wake Salman Al-Farsy Mwajemi mara alipopata habari ya kupata utume wake alisilimu, na aliusaidia [[Uislamu]] katika mambo mengi. Baada ya kutimia miaka 15 Mtume aliingia katika kufanya biashara ndogondogo yeye na mwenziwe Saib bin Yazid, lakini biashara yao walikuwa wakiifanyia katika miji iliyokuwa karibu na Makka tu. Alipata sifa kubwa ya [[uaminifu]] na [[ukweli]] katika biashara zake hizi. Mshirika wake huyu alisilimu siku ilipotekwa Makka, na Mtume alifurahi sana kwa kusilimu rafiki yake huyu. == Kuanza utume == {{Islam}} Muhammad hakuwa akihudhuria sikukuu za [[Wapagani]] tangu kufahamu kwake. Alikuwa akipenda kukaa peke yake. Kufanya haya kulikuwa kukimwonjesha raha kubwa kuliko kutoka mbele za watu akaona yale mambo yao mabaya aliyokuwa akiyachukia. Kila usiku ukicha alikuwa akizidi kuyachukia. Lakini alikuwa hajui la kufanya. Hata alipotimiza miaka 38 hakuweza tena kustahimili kuona zile ibada za sanamu na tabia mbovu walizokuwa nazo wenziwe, ilivyokuwa hana la kufanya katika kuzizuia, alifanya shauri kuuacha mji wa Makka na kwenda porini kukaa. Akapata [[pango]] zuri katika [[Jabal Hira]] Kaskazini ya Makka, inapata [[maili]] 3 toka huko Makka. Akawa akikaa huko kwenye Jabal Hira kwa muda wa wiki nyingi, kisha hurejea Makka kuja kumtazama mkewe, wanawe na jamaa zake wengine, na vile vile kwa ajili ya kuchukua chakula kinapokuwa kimekwisha. Wakati mwingine akikaa siku nyingi sana huko porini hata humpasa mkewe [[Khadija]] kwenda kumsikiliza na mara nyingine alikuwa akifuatana naye, pamoja na watoto wao. Alidumu katika hali hii muda wa miaka miwili na kitu. Baadaye alisimulia kuwa katika mwezi wa Ramadhani 17, Jumatatu katika mwaka wa 40 unusu wa umri wake alimuona mtu kamsimamia mbele yake bila ya kumuona wapi katokea, akamwambia: “Soma”. Mtume akamjibu: “Mimi sijui kusoma kwani sijapata kujizunza”. Akaja, akamkamata, akambana, akamwambia tena: “Soma”. Mtume akamjibu jawabu yake ileile. Hata mara ya tatu akamwambia: “Soma – Iqraa Bismi Rabbik - ” akamsomea sura ya 96 mpaka kati yake, kisha Mtume akaisoma kama alivyosomewa. Hii ndiyo sura ya kwanza kushuka katika Kurani, ingawa haijawekwa mwanzo. Mara yule mtu ([[malaika]]) akaondoka machoni pake asimwone kaenda wapi, naye akarejea kwake [[hofu]] imemshika. Alipofika nyumbani, Khadija alidhani ana [[homa]], akamfunika nguo gubigubi akakaa mbele yake akimsikiliza anavyoweweseka. Homa ilipomwachia alimweleza Khadija yote yaliyomtokea, naye akamtuliza moyo wake, akamyakinishia ya kuwa hapana lolote baya litakalomzukia. Mara Bibi huyu akaondoka akaenda kwa jamaa yake Waraqa bin Naufal akampa habari yote iliyompata mumewe. Naye akamwamrisha amwite, na Mtume akaenda akamweleza habari yake yote. Bwana Waraqa akamwambia: “Huyo ndiye [[Jibril]] aliyemshukia [[Nabii]] [[Musa]] na Nabii [[Isa]]. Basi jibashirie kuwa wewe ni Mtume wa Umma huu! Nami natamani kuwa hai nikuone unavyosimama kuwatengeneza jamaa zako, Inshaalla nitakuwa mkono wako wa kulia!”. Wakarejea kwao hofu yote imemtoka Baada ya kuazimia kuwa hatakwenda tena kule pangoni. Pale pale akaondoka akenda pangoni mwake ili aonane na malaika tena, ingawa alikaa huko muda mrefu. Siku ile ya kupata Utume inawafiki mwezi wa Desemba [[610]]. Huyu Waraqa hakuwa akiabudu [[dini]] ya sanamu bali alikuwa Mkristo, alipokuwa akisoma vitabu aliona kutatokea Mtume mwingine, ndiyo maana alipohadithiwa habari ile mara moja akaamini kuwa aliyemjia Mtume ni Jibril. == Maisha yake Makka == Muhammad aliishi Makka kwa muda wa miaka 53, arubaini (40) katika hiyo akiwa ni mtu wa kawaida kabla ya kupewa utume, na 13 akiwa ni mjumbe wa Mwenyezi Mungu. Maisha yake Makka yalikuwa ya taabu tangu utotoni mwake, kwani alizaliwa yatima kisha alipokuwa katika ujana wake alikuwa akifanya kazi ya kuchunga mbuzi na kondoo wa watu wa Makka kwa vijipesa kidogo mpaka alipofika umri wa miaka ishirini na tano akapata kazi ya kumfanyia biashara Khadija, bibi mtukufu wa Kikureshi ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa mkewe, na kuzaa naye aghlabu ya watoto wake. == Miaka 13 ya utume Makka == Katika miaka 13 aliyoyaishi hapo Makka baada ya kupewa utume, Muhammad alipata kila aina ya mateso na masumbuko, juu ya nafsi yake na juu ya wafuasi wake, naye alisubiri na kustahimili kila aina ya taabu na shida kwa ajili ya Mola wake, mpaka Mwenyezi Mungu alipompa amri ya kuhama mji huo na kuelekea Madina. Katika muda huu alipokuwa Makka, wengi katika jamaa zake na watu wa makabila mengine wa matabaka mbalimbali za jamii waliingia dini yake. Mwaka [[622]] Wakureshi, wakiona hasara katika mafungamano yao na Waarabu wengine wenye kuabudu miungu mingi, kwa dukuduku zao zilimfanya Muhammad ahame pamoja na sahibu wake [[Abubakar]] Assiddiq na wafuasi wake 70 hivi akaishi Yathrib, mji ambao ulikaliwa na Waarabu na Wayahudi pamoja na ambao baadaya ukaitwa Madinat al-Nabi (yaani Mji wa Nabii, kifupi [[Madina]]). Mwaka huo ukawa wa kwanza katika [[Kalenda ya Kiislamu]] inayotumika tangu wakati wa [[halifa]] 'Omar ibn al-Khattàb hadi leo. == Kuhamia Madina na mwanzo wa Umma == Mtume Muhammad, baada ya kupewa amri ya kuguria [[Madina]], aliondoka na kuhamia mji huo ambao ulimpokea na kumkubali na kumsaidia na kumtukuza na kumlinda na maadui. Ingawa [[Wayahudi]] wa Madina walikataa kumsadiki kuwa nabii kama wale wa [[Biblia]], aliendelea kuhubiri huko na tangu mwaka wa kwanza alitunga Hati ya Agano iliyokubaliwa na Wamadina wote: ndiyo asili ya [[Umma]], jamii ya waumini. Mtume Muhammad aliishi Madina kwa muda wa miaka 10 mingine akitangaza dini ya Mwenyezi Mungu na huko watu wengi na makabila mbali mbali ya Kiarabu yaliingia dini ya Uislamu kwa makundi makundi. Wakati huohuo alianza kushambulia misafara ya Wamakka wapagani na kuwashinda kwanza huko Badr (624), akashindwa huko Uhud (625), hatimaye akapata ushindi mkuu huko Madina katika vita vya handaki (627): hapo alifukuza na hatimaye akaangamiza kama wasaliti Wayahudi wote wa Madina na wanaume wote wa Waqurayza, wakati wanawake wao pamoja na watoto wakauzwa kama watumwa huko [[Syria]]. Mwaka 630 Muhammad akiwa na nguvu za kutosha aliweza kurudi Makka na kuiteka, akairudisha [[Kaaba]] ambayo ndiyo kibla cha Waislamu wote ulimwenguni katika mambo ya [[Sala]] na [[Hija]]. Hata hivyo akarudi kuishi Madina na kutoka huko akaeneza kazi yake ya kisiasa na ya kidini katika [[Hijaz]] yote. Baada ya ushindi wake huko Hunayn dhidi ya Waawazin na wenzao, aliteka au kusilimisha vijiji mbalimbali vya maana upande wa uchumi au wa vita kwa mfululizo wa mapigano kwenye Wadi al-qura. Kwa jumla alihudhuria [[vita]] 27, akiua kwa mkono wake mtu mmoja tu. Akiendelea kuishi Madina, alinadhimu kwa [[Sharia]] na hukumu nyingi maisha ya jamii ya Waislamu huko, na kuweka chanzo cha dola ya kiislamu ulimwenguni. Sharia na hukumu hizo zinapatikana katika kitabu kitakatifu cha ([[Kurani]]), ambacho leo Waislamu wote ulimwenguni wananadhimu maisha yao kulingana nacho. == Wake zake == Ingawa Kurani inaruhusu wake 4 tu, Muhammad alisema ana idhini ya kuvuka kiwango hicho. Jumla alioa wake 11, ambao majina yao yamepangwa hapa chini kufuatana na tarehe ya ndoa. 1. Khadija binti Khuwaylid (tangu 595 hadi kifo chake Januari 620) ambaye aliwahi kuolewa na waume wawili na kuwazalia watoto 5. Katika maisha mazuri ya ndoa alimzalia Muhamad mabinti 4 (Ruqayya, Umm Khulthūm, Zaynab na Fatima), mbali na watoto 2 wa kiume (Qàsim na ‘Abd Allah) ambao lakini walikufa wakiwa bado wadogo. 2. Sawda binti Zam’a (tangu Machi 620) aliyewahi kuolewa na mume mmoja. 3. Aysha binti Abu Bakr (tangu Januari 623) aliyeolewa na Mohamed akiwa na umri wa miaka 9. 4. Hafsa binti Umar (tangu Novemba 624), aliyewahi kuolewa na mume mmoja. 5. Zaynab binti Khuzayma (tangu Juni 625 hadi kifo chake Agosti 625). 6. Hindi Umm Salama binti Abi Umayya (tangu Februari 626), aliyewahi kuolewa na mume mmoja na kuachiwa watoto wengi. Alikuwa mtoto wa kambo wa shangazi ya Mohamed. 7. Zaynab binti Jahsh (tangu Juni 626) aliyeachwa na mume wake. Alikuwa binamu wa Mohamed. 8. Juwayriya binti Al Harith (tangu Desemba 626). 9. Ramla Umm Habība binti Abi Sufyan (tangu Agosti 628) alipoachana na mumewe aliyeingia Ukristo. 10. Safiyya binti Huyay (tangu Septemba 628) ambaye alikuwa Myahudi akatekwa nyara katika vita vya Khybar. 11. Maymuna binti Harith (tangu Februari 629) aliyekuwa na umri wa miaka 51. Kati yao, wa kwanza tu alimzalia Muhammad watoto, lakini wana wote walifariki kabla ya baba yao, isipokuwa Fatma aliyekufa miezi sita baada yake. Aliwaoa pia, lakini bila ya kulala nao, Asma’ binti Al Nu‘man (mkoma) na ‘Amra binti Yazid (aliyekataa katakata ndoa hiyo akapewa mara talaka). Mbali na wake rasmi, Kurani inaruhusu kuwa na masuria wasio na idadi (dhāt al-yamīn, "waliomilikiwa na mkono wa kuume", yaani watumwa, hasa waliotekwa vitani). Muhammad alikuwa nao 16: kati yao Marya (Mkristo) alimzalia mtoto wa kiume: Ibrahim, aliyefariki mdogo sana, kwa huzuni kubwa ya baba yake aliyemfuata kaburini muda mfupi baadaye. ==Marejeo== * Kadhi Sheikh Abdulla Saleh Farsy, Maisha ya Nabii Muhammad - Mulla Karimjee Mulla Mohamedbhai & Son, Zanzibar 1942 == Viungo vya nje == <div class="references-small"> ;Visivyotolewa na Waislamu * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9105853/Muhammad Muhammad], article on ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online'' * [http://www.pbs.org/muhammad Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - PBS Site] * [http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet - UPF (Producer's Site)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Projects/MuhammadDocumentary/tabid/175/Default.aspx |date=20090205025734 }} * [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553918/Muhammad_(prophet).html/ Encarta Encyclopedia] {{Wayback|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553918/Muhammad_(prophet).html/ |date=20060623201920 }} * [http://31.1911encyclopedia.org/M/MA/MAHOMET.htm 1911 Encyclopedia article on Mahomet] * [http://www.answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Muir/Life1/index.htm William Muir: The Life of Mahomet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.answering-islam.org.uk/Books/Muir/Life1/index.htm |date=20080513101854 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1091 The Hero as Prophet] A passionate championship of Prophet Muhammad as a Hegelian agent of reform. by Carlyle, Thomas (1795-1881) On Heroes and the Heroic in History. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1966. ;Vilivyoandikwa na Waislamu * [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/index.htm Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar)] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011214185113/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/books/sm_tsn/index.htm |date=2001-12-14 }} * [http://comp.uark.edu/~muslim/publications/Ar-Raheeq%20Al-Makhtum.pdf PDF version of Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum] {{Wayback|url=http://comp.uark.edu/~muslim/publications/Ar-Raheeq%20Al-Makhtum.pdf |date=20070205094211 }} * [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/MH_LM/default.htm The Life of Muhammad] {{Wayback|url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/MH_LM/default.htm |date=20070809201742 }} by Muhammad Husayn Haykal * [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/prophet/ About the Prophet Muhammad (University of Southern California)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/prophet/ |date=20060612062303 }} </div> ==Kujisomea== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite journal|journal = [[signs (journal)|Signs]]|author = Ahmed, Leila|title = Women and the Advent of Islam|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_summer-1986_11_4/page/n52|volume = 11|date = Summer 1986|pages = 665–91|doi = 10.1086/494271|issue = 4}} * {{cite book|author=Ali, Kecia|title=The Lives of Muhammad|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-oWYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|date= 2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-74448-6}} * {{cite book | author-link = Muhammad Mohar Ali|author = Ali, Muhammad Mohar | year = 1997 | title = The Biography of the Prophet and the Orientalists | publisher = King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur'an | isbn = 9960-770-68-0 |url = http://www.islamhouse.com/p/51772}} * {{cite book | last=Armstrong| first= Karen| authorlink = Karen Armstrong| year = 1992 | title = [[Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet]] | publisher = Harpercollins | isbn = 0-06-250886-5 |url = }} * {{cite book | last=Awde | first=Nicholas| title= Women in Islam: An Anthology from the Quran and Hadith| publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | isbn=0-7007-1012-4}} * {{cite book | last=Ballard | first=Harold Wayne |author2=Donald N. 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Bullough | author2=Brenda Shelton| author3=Sarah Slavin | title=The Subordinated Sex: A History of Attitudes Toward Women | url=https://archive.org/details/subordinatedsexh0000bull | publisher=University of Georgia Press | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-8203-2369-5}} * {{cite book | last=Cohen | first=Mark R. | authorlink=Mark R. Cohen | title=Under Crescent and Cross | publisher=Princeton University Press | edition=Reissue | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-691-01082-3}} * {{cite book | last = Dakake | first = Maria Massi | title =The Charismatic Community: Shi'ite Identity in Early Islam | publisher = SUNY Press | year = 2008 | isbn = 0-7914-7033-4}} * {{cite book | last=Donner | first = Fred | authorlink=Fred M. Donner|title=Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing | url=https://archive.org/details/narrativesofisla0000donn | publisher=Darwin Press | year = 1998 | isbn=0-87850-127-4}} * {{cite book | last=Ernst | first=Carl | authorlink=Carl Ernst | year = 2004 | title = Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World | url=https://archive.org/details/followingmuhamma0005erns | publisher = University of North Carolina Press | isbn = 0-8078-5577-4}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=1998 | title=Islam: The Straight Path | url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-511233-4}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | year=1999 | title=The Islamic Threat: Myth Or Reality? | url=https://archive.org/details/islamicthreatmyt00espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-513076-6}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | year=2002 | title=What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed0000espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-515713-3}} * {{cite book | last=Farah | first=Caesar | authorlink=Caesar E. Farah | title=[[Islam: Beliefs and Observances]] | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | year=1994 | edition=5th | isbn=978-0-8120-1853-0}} * {{cite book | last=Glubb | first=John Bagot | authorlink=John Bagot Glubb | title=The Life and Times of Muhammad | publisher=Hodder & Stoughton | origyear=1970| year=2002 | isbn=0-8154-1176-6}} * {{cite book | last=Goldman | first=Elizabeth | authorlink=Elizabeth Goldman | title=Believers: spiritual leaders of the world | url=https://archive.org/details/believersspiritu00gold | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1995 | isbn=0-19-508240-0}} * {{cite book | last=Goldman| first=Ann |author2=Richard Hain|author3=Stephen Liben | title= Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care for Children| url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordtextbookof0000unse_g7j0| publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2006 | isbn=0-19-852653-9}} * {{cite book | last=Haaren| first=John Henry |author2=Addison B. Poland| title=Famous Men of the Middle Ages| url=https://archive.org/details/famousmenmiddle00haargoog| publisher=University Publishing Company | year=1904 | isbn=1-882514-05-X}} * Al-Hibri, Azizah Y. (2003). "An Islamic Perspective on Domestic Violence". ''27 Fordham International Law Journal'' 195. * {{cite book | last=Holt | first=P. M. | authorlink=P. M. Holt | author2=Ann K. S. Lambton | author3=Bernard Lewis| author3-link=Bernard Lewis | title=The Cambridge History of Islam (Paperback) | year=1977 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-29135-4}} * {{cite book | last=Hourani | first=Albert | authorlink=Albert Hourani |author2=Ruthven, Malise |authorlink2=Malise Ruthven | title=A History of the Arab Peoples | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofarabpeo0122hour_06BYS | year=2003 | publisher=Belknap Press; Revised edition | isbn=978-0-674-01017-8}} * {{cite book | last=ibn Isa |first=Muhammad (Imam Tirmidhi) | authorlink=Imam Tirmidhi | title=Syama'il Muhammadiyah: KeanggunanMu Ya Rasulullah | year=2011 | publisher=PTS Islamika Sdn. Bhd. | location=Malaysia | isbn=978-967-3-66064-3 | page=388 | language=Arabic with Malay translation | type=Hardcover}} * {{cite book | last=Ishaq | first=Ibn | authorlink=Ibn Ishaq | coauthor=[[Alfred Guillaume|Guillaume, Alfred]], ed. | title=The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah | url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofmuhammadtr0000ibnh | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-19-636033-1}} * {{cite book | last=Jacobs | first=Louis| authorlink=Louis Jacobs|title=The Jewish Religion: A Companion | url=https://archive.org/details/jewishreligionco0000jaco | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1995 | isbn=0-19-826463-1}} * {{cite book | last=Kelsay | first=John| authorlink=John Kelsay|title=Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics | url=https://archive.org/details/islamwarstudyinc0000kels | publisher=Westminster John Knox Press | year=1993 | isbn=0-664-25302-4}} * {{cite book | last=Khan | first=Majid Ali | authorlink=Majid Ali Khan | title=Muhammad The Final Messenger | publisher=Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India) | year=1998 | isbn=81-85738-25-4}} * {{cite book | last=Kochler | first=Hans | authorlink=Hans Köchler | title=Concept of Monotheism in Islam & Christianity | url=https://archive.org/details/conceptofmonothe0000unse | publisher=I.P.O. | year=1982 | isbn=3-7003-0339-4}} * {{cite book | last = Lapidus| first = Ira | title = A History of Islamic Societies | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2| publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2002 | edition = 2nd | isbn = 978-0-521-77933-3}} * {{cite book | last=Larsson| first=Göran | title= Ibn Garcia's Shu'Ubiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval Al-Andalus| publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=2003 | isbn=90-04-12740-2}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | origyear=1993| year=2002 | title=[[The Arabs in History]] | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-280310-7}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=[[Race and Slavery in the Middle East|Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry]] | publisher=Oxford University Press, USA | edition=Reprint | year=1992 | isbn=978-0-19-505326-5}} * {{cite news | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | title=Islamic Revolution |date=21 January 1998 | publisher=The New York Review of Books | url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1988/jan/21/islamic-revolution/}} * {{cite book | last=Lings | first=Martin | authorlink=Martin Lings | title=[[Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources]] | publisher=Islamic Texts Society.| year=1983 | isbn=978-0-946621-33-0}} US edn. by Inner Traditions International, Ltd. * {{cite book | last = Madelung | first = Wilferd | authorlink = Wilferd Madelung | title = [[The Succession to Muhammad|The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate]] | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-521-64696-0}} * {{cite book | last=Momen| first=Moojan | authorlink=Moojan Momen | title=An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontosh0000unse_d5k7| publisher=Yale University Press| year=1985 | isbn=0-300-03531-4}} * {{cite book | last=Neusner| first=Jacob | title=God's Rule: The Politics of World Religions | url=https://archive.org/details/godsrulepolitics0000unse| publisher=Georgetown University Press| year=2003 | isbn=0-87840-910-6}} * {{cite book | last=Nigosian | first=S. A. | authorlink=S. A. Nigosian | title= Islam:Its History, Teaching, and Practices | url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2004 | isbn=0-253-21627-3}} * {{cite book | last=Ordoni | first=Abu Muhammad |author2=Muhammad Kazim Qazwini | title=[[Fatima the Gracious]] |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |year=1992| asin=B000BWQ7N6}} * {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis Edward | authorlink=F. E. Peters | year=2003 | title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians| url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=0-691-11553-2}} * {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis Edward | year=2003b | title=The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition| url=https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0 | publisher=Princeton University Press | id=ASIN: B0012385Z6 | isbn=0-691-11461-7}} * {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Francis Edward | authorlink=F. E. Peters | year=1994 | title=Muhammad and the Origins of Islam| url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete | publisher=SUNY Press | isbn=0-7914-1876-6}} * {{cite journal|journal = [[International Journal of Middle East Studies]]|author = Peters, F. E.|title = [[The Quest of the Historical Muhammad (Peters)|The Quest of the Historical Muhammad]]|volume = 23|number = |year = 1991|pages = 291–315|doi =10.1017/S0020743800056312|issue = 3 }} * {{cite book | last=Peterson | first=Daniel | authorlink=Daniel C. Peterson | year=2007 | title=Muhammad, Prophet of God| url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadpropheto0000pete | publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | isbn=0-8028-0754-2}} * {{cite book | last=Rahman | first=Fazlur | authorlink=Fazlur Rahman | year=1979 | title= Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780226702810 | publisher= University of Chicago Press | isbn=0-226-70281-2}} * {{cite book | last=Ramadan | first=Tariq | authorlink=Tariq Ramadan | year=2007 | title= In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad | url=https://archive.org/details/infootstepsofpro00rama | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=0-19-530880-8}} * {{cite book | last = Razwi | first = Ali Asgher | title =A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims | url = https://archive.org/details/restatementofhis0000razw | publisher = World Federation of K S I Muslim Communities Islamic Centre | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-9509879-1-3}} * {{cite book | last=Reeves | first=Minou | authorlink=Minou Reeves | title=Muhammad in Europe: A Thousand Years of Western Myth-Making | url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000mino | year=2003 | publisher=NYU Press | isbn=978-0-8147-7564-6}} * {{cite book | last=Robinson | first=David | title=Muslim Societies in African History | url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsocietiesi0000robi | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2004 | isbn=0-521-82627-6}} * {{cite book | author-link=Maxime Rodinson|author=Rodinson, Maxime | title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | year=2002 | isbn=1-86064-827-4}} * {{cite book | last=Rue | first=Loyal | authorlink=Loyal Rue | title=Religion Is Not about God: How Spiritual Traditions Nurture Our Biological | url=https://archive.org/details/religionisnotabo0000ruel | publisher=Rutgers | year=2005 | isbn=0-8135-3955-2}} * {{cite book | last=Serin | first=Muhittin | title= Hattat Aziz Efendi | publisher=Istanbul | year=1998 | isbn=975-7663-03-4 | oclc=51718704}} * {{cite book | last=Sikand |first=Yoginder |title=Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations | url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsinindiasi0000sika |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-31486-0}} * {{cite book | last = Tabatabae | first = Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | authorlink = Allameh Tabatabaei | title = [[Tafsir al-Mizan|AL-MIZAN:AN EXEGESIS OF THE QUR'AN]], translation by S. Saeed Rizvi| publisher = WOFIS| isbn =964-6521-14-2}} * {{cite book | last=Teed | first=Peter | title= A Dictionary of Twentieth Century History | url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoftwen00teed | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1992 | isbn=0-19-211676-2}} * {{cite book | last=Turner | first=Colin | title= Islam: The Basics | url=https://archive.org/details/islambasics0000turn | publisher=Routledge | year=2005 | isbn=0-415-34106-X}} * {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman | url=https://archive.org/details/muhammadprophets0000watt | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1961 | isbn=0-19-881078-4}} (New edition 1974) * {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | title=[[Muhammad at Medina (book)|Muhammad at Medina]] | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1956 | isbn=0-19-577307-1}} * {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery| title=[[Muhammad at Mecca (book)|Muhammad at Mecca]] | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1953 | id=ASIN: B000IUA52A | isbn=0-19-577277-6}} * {{cite journal |last1 = Weil |first1 = Gustav |authorlink1= Gustav Weil |last2 = Sanders |first2 = Frank K. |last3 = Dunning |first3 = Harry W. | year = 1895 |title = An Introduction to the Quran I |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_biblical-world_1895-03_5_3/page/181 |journal = The Biblical World |publisher = The University of Chicago Press |volume = 5 |issue = 3 |pages = 181–191 |jstor = 3135387 |doi = 10.1086/471621}} * {{cite journal |last1 = Weil |first1 = Gustav |authorlink1= Gustav Weil |year = 1895 |title = An Introduction to the Quran II |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_biblical-world_1895-04_5_4/page/273 |journal = The Biblical World |publisher = The University of Chicago Press |volume = 5 |issue = 4 |pages = 273–286 | jstor = 3135160 |doi = 10.1086/471639}} {{refend}} ===Kamusi elezo=== {{refbegin}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian | encyclopedia=Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-9743091-0-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-02-865603-8}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, [[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C. E. Bosworth]], E. van Donzel, [[Wolfhart Heinrichs|W. P. Heinrichs]] | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] Online | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | issn=1573-3912}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Lindsay Jones | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | edition=2nd | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-02-865733-2}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Jane Dammen McAuliffe | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=2005 | isbn=978-90-04-12356-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | isbn=0-19-860223-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated | edition=Rev | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-59339-236-9}} {{refend}} {{BD|570|632}} [[Jamii:Muhammad]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kurani]] [[Jamii:Mitume katika Uislamu]] bxya3acvzl3ovsr580mkfvwex0raeiz 0 2018 1589601 1497359 2026-08-20T13:36:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi|jina_rasmi=Umoja wa Komori|jina_asili=''Udzima wa Komori'' ([[Kikomori]])<br>''Union des Comores'' ([[Kifaransa]])<br>جمهورية القمر المتحدة ([[Kiarabu]])|bendera=Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg|nembo=Seal_of_the_Comoros.svg|kaulimbiu=<br>''Unité – Solidarité – Développement'' ([[Kifaransa]])<br>وحدة، تضامن، تنمية ([[Kiarabu]])<br>"Umoja – Mshikamano – Maendeleo"|wimbo=<br>''[[Udzima wa ya Masiwa]]'' ([[Kikomori]])<br>"Umoja wa Masiwa"<br>[[File:National_anthem_of_the_Comoros,_performed_by_the_U.S._Navy_Band.oga]]|fedha=[[Faranga ya Komori]]|serikali=[[Jamhuri ya shirikisho]]|lugha_rasmi={{hlist |[[Kikomori]] |[[Kifaransa]] |<br>[[Kiarabu]]}}|mji_mkuu=[[Moroni (Komori)|Moroni]]|latd=11|latm=42|latNS=S|longd=43|longm=15|longEW=E|vyeo_viongozi={{*}}[[Orodha ya Marais wa Komori|Rais]]|majina_viongozi=[[Azali Assoumani]]|watu_kadirio=888 378<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|mwaka_kadirio=2023|eneo_jumla=2 235<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Comoros|access-date=30 March 2024|year=2023}}</ref>|pato={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 1.364<ref name=imf2 />|pato_halisi={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 3.432<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=632,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2024&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook database: October 2023 (Comoros) |publisher=International Monetary Fund |work=World Economic Outlook, October 2023 |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=October 2023}}</ref>|pato_halisi_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 3 463<ref name=imf2 />|mwaka_pato=2023|pato_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 1 377<ref name=imf2 />|ramani=Comoros_(orthographic_projection).svg|ramani2=Comoros-CIA WFB Map.png|matini_ramani2=|majira_saa=+3<br>([[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]])|maendeleo={{punguko}} 0.558<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book |title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene |date=15 December 2020 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |isbn=978-92-1-126442-5 |pages=343–346 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> - {{katikati}}|mwaka_maendeleo=2021|tld=.km|iso3166=KM|msimbo_simu=+269|udereva=Kulia|muundo_uhuru='''Uhuru''' kutoka [[Ufaransa]]|tarehe_uhuru=6 Julai 1975}} '''Komori''' au '''Umoja wa Komori''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Comores'') ni [[nchi huru]] kwenye [[funguvisiwa la Komori]] katika [[Bahari Hindi]] upande wa [[Mashariki]] wa [[Afrika]]. Iko katika [[Mlangobahari wa Msumbiji]] kaskazini kwa [[Madagaska]] na mashariki kwa [[Msumbiji]]. [[Jina]] limetokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Kiarabu]] ambapo ''Juzur al-Qamar'' ('''جزر القمر''') linamaanisha "visiwa vya mwezi". Katika Afrika iko kati ya nchi tatu ndogo kabisa. == Jiografia == Komori ina visiwa vitatu vikubwa: [[Ngazija]], [[Anzwani]], na [[Mwali]]. Visiwa vya [[Mayote]] ni sehemu ya funguvisiwa kijiografia lakini kisiasa ni sehemu ya [[Ufaransa]] kwa sababu wakati wa kupata [[uhuru]] watu wa Mayotte walitamka kwa [[kura]] nyingi (73%) ya kwamba wanataka kukaa na Ufaransa. Lakini Komori inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake. Komori ni sehemu ya bara la [[Afrika]]. Ina pia visiwa mbalimbali vidogo. [[Hali ya hewa]] ni ya [[kitropiki]]. Kuna [[mvua]] miezi yote. [[Kitovu]] cha kisiwa kikubwa zaidi (Grande Comore) ni [[mlima]] wa [[volkano]] hai [[Karthala]] wenye [[mita]] 2,461 juu ya [[UB]]. Safari iliyopita Karthala ililipuka mwaka [[1977]] ikaharibu [[kijiji]] kimoja. ===Miji=== Miji mikubwa ni (wakazi mwaka 2005): [[Moroni (Komori)|Moroni]] 42.872, [[Mutsamudu]] 23.594, [[Fomboni]] 14.966, [[Domoni]] 14.509 na [[Tsémbehou|Tsimbeo]] 11.552. == Historia == Visiwa vya Komori vimekaliwa na watu mbalimbali kutoka Afrika na [[Asia Kusini]] katika [[historia]] ndefu. Wana[[akiolojia]] walitambua [[baki|mabaki]] ya makazi ya watu kutoka [[karne ya 6]] kwenye kisiwa cha [[Anzwani]] lakini haijulikani kama watu walitangulia kufika mapema bila kuacha mabaki ya kutambulika. [[Waswahili]] wa kwanza walifika kama sehemu ya uenezi wa [[Wabantu]] tangu [[karne ya 9]] [[BK]]. Kipindi cha kwanza huitwa kipindi cha Dembeni (karne ya 9 - [[karne ya 10|10]]) ambako Waswahili walianzisha kijiji kimoja katika kila kisiwa. Wakati wa [[karne ya 11]] hadi [[karne ya 15|ya 15]] [[biashara]] iliongezeka na Madagaska pia na [[wafanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Uarabuni]]. Vijiji vidogo vikaongezeka na vijiji vya awali vikakua vikawa miji. [[Kumbukumbu]] ya wenyeji hutaja mara nyingi majina ya Waarabu kutoka [[Yemen]] na [[Saba']] kama mababu wa [[ukoo|koo]] asilia lakini hakuna uhakika kama kumbukumbu hizo zinalingana na historia halisi. [[Athira]] ya Kiarabu na ya Kiislamu ikaongezeka kutokana na [[biashara ya watumwa]], [[dhahabu]] na [[pembe za ndovu]] kati ya Afrika ya Mashariki na nchi za Kiislamu. Waarabu na [[Waajemi]] walijenga vituo kwa ajili ya biashara yao pamoja na [[misikiti]] na kueneza [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]] kwenye visiwa. Hata kama Komori si karibu sana na [[pwani]], hata hivyo kutokana na mwendo wa [[upepo]] ni [[kituo]] muhimu cha [[jahazi]] kwenye [[safari]] kati ya [[Kilwa]] na [[Msumbiji]] iliyokuwa [[bandari]] kuu ya dhahabu ya [[Zimbabwe]]. == Siasa == Kufuatana na [[katiba]] ya uhuru ya mwaka 1975 Komori ilitangazwa kuwa jamhuri ya Kiislamu. Serikali zilipinduliwa mara kwa mara na [[wanajeshi]] au na [[mamluki]]. Katiba mpya ya mwaka [[2001]] imeondoa tabia ya kidini ya dola na iliunda utaratibu wa [[urais]] kuzunguka kati ya visiwa vitatu vikubwa. Katika muundo huo rais wa jamhuri atateuliwa kila baada ya miaka minne kutoka kisiwa tofauti. Katika [[uchaguzi]] ya mwaka [[2002]] rais [[Azali Assoumani]] alichaguliwa kutoka kisiwa cha Ngazidja (Komori Kuu). Katika uchaguzi wa [[2006]] rais amechaguliwa kati ya wagombea kutoka kisiwa cha Anjouan. Wananchi wa Anjouan walipiga kura ya kwanza. Wagombea watatu wenye kura nyingi wameteuliwa na kusimamishwa mbele ya wapiga kura wa visiwa vyote watakaomchagua rais wa jamhuri. Rais wa mwaka [[2010]] alitoka katika kisiwa cha Moheli, baadaye tena rais kutoka Ngazidja, n.k. Katika uchaguzi wa 2010 ndiye [[Ikililou Dhoinine]] aliyepata kura nyingi. == Watu == Watu wa Komori ni mchanganyiko wa [[Waarabu]], [[Madagaska|Wamadagaska]], [[Waafrika]] wa [[bara]] ambao [[babu|mababu]] walikuwa [[watumwa]], [[Wahindi]] na [[Wazungu]] kadhaa. Kutokana na uhaba wa [[ajira]] Wakomori wengi wamehamia nje, hasa Madagaska. Wakazi wengi ni [[Waislamu]] (98%, hasa [[Wasuni]]), wakifuatwa na [[Wakristo]] (2%). Karibu [[nusu]] ya wananchi wote hawajui kusoma. Ina [[lugha rasmi]] tatu ambazo ni [[Kifaransa]], [[Shikomor]] (inayofanana na [[Kiswahili]]) na [[Kiarabu]]. Nje ya [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kimalagasy Sanifu]], kuna lugha tatu za asili ambazo huzungumzwa na Wakomori, yaani [[Kimwali]], [[Kianzwani]] na [[Kingazija]] ambazo ziko karibu na [[Kiswahili]]. == Uchumi == Komori ni kati ya nchi [[maskini]] zaidi duniani. [[Kilimo]], [[uvuvi]], [[uwindaji]] na [[misitu]] ni misingi ya [[uchumi]] wote. [[Barabara]] na [[mawasiliano]] ya [[meli]] au [[ndege]] ni haba, idadi ya watu inakua haraka, [[elimu]] ni duni; haya yote yanasababisha kudumu kwa uchumi wa kijungujiko na uhaba wa ajira. 80% ya wafanyakazi wote wanashughulika kilimo. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.beit-salam.km Tovuti rasmi] {{fr}} * [http://www.anjouan.net www.anjouan.net] {{fr}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Komori| ]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Funguvisiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] bcje6swslygatp13unaqzya5ivdq7bn 0 2235 1589636 1236397 2026-08-20T14:38:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589636 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#66CCFF" | Région Réunion |- |----- | align="center" width="100px" | [[Picha:Flag of France.svg|150px]] | align="center" width="100px" | [[Picha:Logo reunion.jpg|150px|Nembo]] |----- |Jina la Kifaransa|| Région Réunion |- |Jina la kawaida|| Reunion |- |Mji Mkuu || [[Saint-Denis (Reunion)|Saint-Denis]] |- |Eneo || 2,512&nbsp;km² |- |Mkuu wa Mkoa || [[Didier Robert]]<br />([[UMP]]) (tangu [[2016]]) |- |Idadi ya wakazi || 706,300 |- |Sensa ya mwaka || 1999 |- |Wakazi kwa km² || 309 |- |Wilaya (arrondissements) || 4 |- |Ramani Reunion na Ufaransa bara || [[Picha:Location-Reunion-France.png|200px]] |---- |} [[Picha: Saint-Denis_@_La_Réunion.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Réunion]] '''Réunion''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: La Réunion) ni [[kisiwa]] cha [[Afrika]] na [[mkoa wa ng'ambo wa Ufaransa]] (kwa Kifaransa: département d'outre-mer, au DOM) katika [[Bahari Hindi]]. Kisheria hali yake ni sawa na mikoa mingine ya Ufaransa hivyo ni pia sehemu ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. == Eneo lake == Reunion iko km 800 upande wa [[mashariki]] wa [[Madagaska]]. Pamoja na visiwa vya [[Mauritius]] na [[Rodrigues]] inaunda [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Maskareni]]. Kisiwa kina eneo la [[km²]] 2.512 kikiwa na [[kipenyo]] cha km 50 hadi 70. [[Milima]] mikubwa ni ya ki[[volkeno]]. Upande wa mashariki wa kisiwa ndipo mlima wa "Piton de la Fournaise" wenye [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 2611 uliolipuka zaidi ya mara 100 tangu kumbukumbu ya kimaandishi ilipoanzishwa mwaka [[1640]]. [[Mlipuko]] wa mwisho hadi leo ulitokea tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] [[2005]]. Mlima wa "Piton des Neiges" ndio mkubwa kisiwani ikiwa na 3070 m juu ya [[UB]]. == Hali ya hewa == [[Hali ya hewa]] ni ya [[joto]] mwaka wote. [[Majira ya mvua]] ndiyo kati ya [[Desemba]] hadi [[Machi]]. == Historia na Utawala == Taarifa za kwanza za kimaandishi hudokeza kwamba kisiwa kilikuwa bila ya wakazi. [[Waarabu]] waliita "dina margabin" yaani kisiwa cha [[magharibi]]. [[Baharia]] [[Ureno|Mreno]] [[Diego Dias]] alifika tarehe [[9 Februari]] [[1513]] ambayo ni [[sikukuu]] ya Mt. [[Apolonia]] katika mapokeo ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na kukiita kisiwa kwa jina la [[mtakatifu]] huyu "Santa Apolonia", jinsi inavyoonekana katika ramani za kwanza. Baadaye Wareno walitumia [[jina]] la [[nahodha]] maarufu [[Pedro de Mascarenhas]] na kujumlisha visiwa vya Reunion, Mauritius na Rodrigues kwa jina la [[visiwa vya Maskareni]]. Visiwa hivyo vilikuwa na umuhimu fulani kama vituo vya kupumzika katika [[safari]] kati ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Bara Hindi]], mabaharia wakitafuta [[maji]] ya kunywa, nafasi ya kutengeneza [[jahazi]] zao na kuongeza [[chakula]]. Lakini hapakuwa na makao ya kudumu kisiwani. === Utawala wa Kifaransa === Mwaka [[1640]] Wafaransa walivamia kisiwa na kukitangaza kuwa [[mali]] ya [[Ufaransa]]. Walikiita "Île Bourbon" kutokana na jina la [[familia]] ya [[wafalme]] wa Ufaransa. Mwaka [[1665]] [[walowezi]] wa kwanza Wafaransa walianza kujenga [[nyumba]] zao. Ufalme ulipoondolewa wakati wa [[mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] kisiwa kimepewa jina jipya la Reunion tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[1793]]. Wakati wa [[vita]] vya [[Napoleoni]], Waingereza walivamia kisiwa mwaka [[1810]] lakini wakakirudisha kwa Wafaransa baada ya vita ([[1815]]). [[Picha:Makarena.PNG|thumb|left|300px|Visiwa vya Maskarena kati ya visiwa vya Kiafrika katika Bahari Hindi.]] === Uchumi wa mashamba na watumwa === Walowezi [[Wazungu]] walianzisha [[Shamba|mashamba]] kwa ajili ya mahitaji ya jahazi zilizopita. Kuanzia mwaka [[1718]] [[mazao ya biashara]] yalilimwa, kwanza [[kahawa]] baadaye pia [[vanilla]] na hasa [[sukari]]. Kwa kusudi hilo [[watumwa]] walipelekwa Reunion kutoka [[Afrika bara]], Bara Hindi na Madagaska. Mwaka [[1768]] kisiwa kilikuwa na wakazi huru 26,284 (hasa Wafaransa) na watumwa 45,000. Ufaransa ulitia sahihi maazimio ya [[Mkutano wa Vienna]] mwaka [[1815]] pamoja na kumaliza [[biashara ya watumwa]] lakini [[biashara]] hii iliendelea kwa [[siri]] na kupanuka hasa kwa wafungwa kutoka Afrika. Idadi ya watumwa iliendela kuongezeka hadi kuondolewa hali ya utumwa tarehe [[20 Desemba]] [[1848]]. Baada ya mwisho wa utumwa walowezi walitafuta [[wafanyakazi]] huko Bara Hindi wakachukua Wahindi wasiofika kama watu huru kwa miaka na haki kidogo. Baadaye hata wafanyakazi [[Wachina]] walichukuliwa. === Mkoa wa Ufaransa === Mwaka [[1946]] Reunion ilipewa cheo cha Mkoa wa Ufaransa, na tangu [[1997]] imekuwa sehemu ya Umoja wa Ulaya. Mkoa wa Reunion ina [[wilaya]] (Kifaransa: arrondissements) [[nne]]. == Wakazi == Wakazi wanaonyesha [[historia]] hii katika mchanganyiko wao wa aina za watu na tamaduni kutoka pande mbalimbali wa [[dunia]]. Sehemu kubwa ya wakazi ni [[wajukuu]] wa watumwa au wafanyakazi wasio huru wa zamani wakionyesha tabia za Wahindi, Waafrika na Wachina. Takriban [[robo]] ya wakazi ni wa asili ya [[Ulaya]]. Kuna [[lugha]] tatu tu ambazo huzungumzwa na wakazi wa Réunion, yaani [[Kifaransa]] ([[lugha rasmi]]), [[Kitamil]] na [[krioli]] inayotokana na Kifaransa. Pia kuna wahamiaji kutoka visiwa vya jirani ambao huzungumza lugha za [[Kichina]] na za [[Komori]], kama vile [[Kimaore]], [[Kimwali]], [[Kindzwani]] na [[Kingazidja]]. Vikundi hivi havikai mbali: kuna mchanganyiko wa kila aina. Wakazi wengi hufuata [[Ukristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki|Kikatoliki]], wengine [[Uislamu]] na [[Uhindu]]. Kuna pia [[Waprotestanti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Réunion|Réunion}} {{Afrika}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Eneo la ng'ambo la Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Réunion| ]] 4znk66zajfnyp0fnxi18ojxtauapifd 0 2511 1589626 1411654 2026-08-20T14:26:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox taifa | jina_rasmi = Department of Mayotte | jina_asili = Département de Mayotte (French) | nembo = Flag of Mayotte (local).svg | ukubwa_nembo = 150px | ramani = Mayotte in France 2016.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la Mayotte | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Mamoudzou]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] | lugha_taifa = [[Kimaore]], [[Kibushi]] | eneo_jumla = 374 | cheo_eneo = | maji = 0.4% <ref>{{Cite Web|title=percentage of land in water in Mayotte |url=https://dlab.epfl.ch/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/m/Mayotte.htm |accessdate=2025-03-20|lang=en}}</ref> | watu_kadirio = 320,901 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_watu = | msongamano = 860 | pato_ppp = | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = | pato_kawaida = €2.932 bilioni | pato_kwa_mtu = $11,300 | maendeleo = 0.780 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | fedha = [[Euro]] (€) | majira_saa = [[UTC+3]] | upande_gari = Kulia | tld = .yt | msimbo_simu = +262 }} '''Mayotte''' ni [[eneo la ng’ambo la Ufaransa]] (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Départment de Mayotte''). Linaundwa na [[visiwa]] vya [[Maore (kisiwa)|Maore]] na [[Pamanzi]] pamoja na vingine vidogo. Eneo hili [[Jiografia|kijiografia]] ni hasa muungo wa [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Komori]] lakini si [[siasa|kisiasa]]. Mayotte iko katika [[kaskazini]] ya [[Mfereji wa Msumbiji]] kwenye [[Bahari Hindi]], kati ya [[Madagaska]] upande wa [[mashariki]]-[[kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]] bara upande wa [[magharibi]]. Iko [[kilometa]] 295 magharibi kwa Madagaska na km 67 kusini mashariki mwa [[Anjouan|Nzwani]].Ina eneo la takriban [[km²]] 374. Ni [[mwamba]] wa [[matumbawe]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Mamoudzou]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1977]]. Mji mkuu wa zamani ni [[Dzaoudzi]] kwenye kisiwa cha Pamanzi. == Historia == [[Image:Andriantsoly.jpg|thumb|Andriantsoly, Sultani wa mwisho wa Mayotte, 1832-1843.]] Mayotte inaonekana kuwa imekaliwa na [[watu]] kutoka [[karne ya 7]], wakitokea Madagaska, wengine wenye asili ya Asia na wengine wenye asili ya Afrika. Kati ya [[karne ya 8]] na [[karne ya 11]] wakazi [[Uislamu|walisilimu]], na kuna [[msikiti]] mkongwe (katika Tsingoni) wa [[karne ya 14]], pamoja na mirhab ya matumbawe ([[1532]]). Visiwa vyote vya Komori vinafuata [[utamaduni]] wa [[Waswahili|Kiswahili]] vikiwa pamoja na Mayotte. [[Mwaka]] wa [[1841]], wakati [[idadi]] ya watu ilipungua kwa wakazi chini ya 3000, [[sultani]] wa mwisho Andriansoly (kutoka Madagaska) aliuza kisiwa kwa [[Ufaransa]] kwa kubadilishana ya [[ulinzi]] wa nchi hiyo, hivyo Mayotte ikawa [[koloni]] la Kifaransa. Mwaka [[1974]], wakati visiwa vingine vitatu vya Komori walidai [[uhuru]] na kuunda Umoja wa Komori, Mayotte iliomba kubaki na Ufaransa, na mwaka [[2011]] ilipewa hali ya eneo la ng'ambo la Ufaransa kwa [[kura ya maoni]]. <gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> Polé.JPG|Ziara ya Polé (karne XV – XIX). Mausoléeshirazi.jpg|Kaburi la Kiswahili sawa na yale ya Lamu. Dzaoudzi1855.JPG|Dzaoudzi katika 1855. Flag of Mayotte (local).svg|Bendera ya eneo la Mayotte. </gallery> == Lugha na dini == Kuna [[lugha]] [[tatu]] ambazo huzungumzwa kisiwani Mayotte, yaani [[Kifaransa]] ([[lugha rasmi]]), [[Kimaore]] ya [[Komori]] (55.1%), na [[Kibushi]] ya Madagaska. Upande wa [[dini]], [[asilimia]] 97 ni [[Waislamu]] na 3[[%]] ni [[Wakristo]]. == Utalii == Kisiwa cha Mayotte kina [[mchanga]] wa [[pwani]] ya [[rangi]] tofauti ([[nyeusi]], [[kahawia]], [[kijivu]], [[nyekundu]], beige, [[nyeupe]]). [[Rasi]] yake ni kubwa (km² 1500). <gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> Chissioua Mtsamboro – Mayotte 2.jpg|Mchanga wa Mstamboro Passe en "S" 2.jpg|Mpito wa Longogori Îlot de Sable Blanc 2.jpg|Mchanga wa Tsohole Tortue N'Gouja.jpg|Nyamba Lac Dziani Dzaha.jpg|Ziwa Dziani </gallery> == Usafiri == [[Picha:2004 12 12 18-24-04 rose sea in mamoudzou mayotte island.jpg|right|thumb|Bahari karibu na [[Mamoudzou]].]] * [[Reli]]: kilomita 0 * [[Barabara]]: * Jumla: kilomita 93 ([[maili|mi]] 58) ** za lami kilomita 72 (45&nbsp;mi) ** za vumbi: kilomita 21 (13&nbsp;mi) * Vilindi vya kung’oa tanga: hakuna * [[Bandari]]: [[Dzaoudzi]] * [[Uwanja wa ndege]]: 1 (2002) ** Viwanja vya lami: 1 == Tazama pia == * [[Jiografia ya Mayote|Jiografia ya Mayotte]] * [[Watu wa Mayote|Watu wa Mayotte]] * [[Siasa ya Mayote|Siasa ya Mayotte]] * [[Uchumi wa Mayote|Uchumi wa Mayotte]] * [[Mawasiliano ya Mayote|Mawasiliano ya Mayotte]] * [[Maeneo ya ng’ambo ya Ufaransa]] * [[Wizara za serikali ya Ufaransa]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mf.html CIA World Factbook - ''Mayotte''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mf.html |date=20060705021605 }} * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Kitabu cha maelezo, Mayotte - ''Mayotte''] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Kitabu |date=20120119003803 }} * {{wikivoyage|Mayotte}} * [http://ylangue.free.fr Shimaore] (na Kifaransa) * [https://www.culture.gouv.fr/content/download/191736/file/CarteArcheo-Mayotte2017.pdf?inLanguage=fre-FR Ramani ya Mayotte na majina ya Kikomori ya maeneo ya Mayotte] {{Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mayotte| ]] [[Jamii:Komori]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Eneo la ng'ambo la Ufaransa]] 8o850g06ajgryowh5qn2gpdm4hqdrjo 0 2587 1589668 1497319 2026-08-20T17:00:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi|jina_rasmi=Jamhuri ya Kameruni|jina_asili=''République du Cameroun'' ([[Kifaransa]])<br>''Republic of Cameroon'' ([[Kiingereza]])|bendera=Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|nembo=Coat_of_arms_of_Cameroon.svg|kaulimbiu=<br>''Paix – Travail – Patrie'' ([[Kifaransa]])<br>''Peace – Work – Fatherland'' ([[Kiingereza]])<br>"Amani – Kazi – Nchi"|wimbo=''[[Chant de Ralliement]]''<br> |ramani=Cameroon_(orthographic_projection).svg|mji_mkuu=[[Yaunde]]|mji_mkubwa=[[Douala|Duala]]|latd=3|latm=52|latNS=N|longd=11|longm=31|longEW=E|latd2=04|latm2=03|latNS2=N|longd2=09|longm2=41|longEW2=E|lugha_rasmi={{hlist |[[Kifaransa]]|[[Kiingereza]]}}|serikali=[[Jamhuri]] yenye [[udikteta|mdikteta]]|vyeo_viongozi={{*}}Rais<br>{{*}}Waziri Mkuu|majina_viongozi=[[Paul Biya]]<br>[[Joseph Dion Ngute]]|eneo_jumla=475 440<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Cameroon|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/|section=Summary|year=2023|access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref>|watu_kadirio=30 135 732<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|mwaka_kadirio=2023|maji=0.57<ref name="worldfactbook"/>|pato={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 49.262<ref name="IMFWEO.CM" />|mwaka_pato=2023|pato_halisi={{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 133.335<ref name="IMFWEO.CM">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=622,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Cameroon) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>|pato_halisi_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} USD 4 660<ref name="IMFWEO.CM" />|pato_kwa_mtu={{ongezeko}} 1 721<ref name="IMFWEO.CM" />|mwaka_maendeleo=2021|maendeleo={{imara}} 0.576<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908052326/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf |archive-date=2022-09-08 |url-status=live|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=September 8, 2022}}</ref> - {{katikati}}|fedha=[[Faranga ya CFA]]|majira_saa=+1<br>([[Saa za Afrika Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]])|tld=.cm|iso3166=CM|msimbo_simu=237|udereva=Kulia}} '''Kamerun''', rasmi inajulikana kama '''Jamhuri ya Kamerun''' ([[Kifaransa]]: ''République du Cameroun''), ni [[nchi]] iliyoko [[Afrika ya Kati]]. Kamerun Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 28, na inashika nafasi ya 54 kwa kuwa na idadi kubwa ya watu duniani. Inapakana na [[Nijeria]] upande wa magharibi, [[Chad]] upande wa kaskazini-mashariki, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] upande wa mashariki, [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] na [[Gabon]] upande wa kusini, na [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] upande wa kusini-magharibi. Nchi hii pia ina pwani kwenye [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] upande wa magharibi. Inajumla ya eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 475,442, na hivyo kuwa mojawapo ya nchi kubwa zaidi barani Afrika. Mji mkuu na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Yaounde]], ambalo ni kituo cha kisiasa na utawala cha nchi hiyo. == Jiografia == [[Picha:Mount Cameroon craters.jpg|thumb|Mpare kwa [[Kamerun (mlima)|mlima Kameruni]]]] {{main|Jiografia ya Kamerun}}''[[Picha:Mount Cameroon from Tiko.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kamerun kutoka Tiko, Mkoa wa Kusini-Magharibi]] == Maeneo kiutawala == {{main|Mikoa ya Kamerun|Wilaya za Kamerun}} Kameruni imegawiwa katika mikoa ''(regions)'' 10 na [[wilaya]] (''départements'') 58. [[Mikoa ya Kamerun|Mikoa]] ni: *[[Mkoa wa Adamawa]], *[[Mkoa wa Kati, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kati]], *[[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Mashariki]], *[[Mkoa wa Kaskazini ya Mbali, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kaskazini ya Mbali]], *[[Mkoa wa Pwani, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Pwani]], *[[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kaskazini]], *[[Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Magharibi, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Magharibi]], *[[Mkoa wa Magharibi, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Magharibi]], *[[Mkoa wa Kusini, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kusini]], na *[[Mkoa wa Kusini-Magharibi, Kamerun|Mkoa wa Kusini-Magharibi]] Ona pia: [[Orodha ya miji ya Kamerun|Orodha ya miji ya Kameruni]] == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Kamerun}} ===Historia ya awali=== Katika [[karne]] za [[BK]] [[Wabantu]] wenye [[ujuzi]] wa [[kilimo]] na [[uhunzi]] walianza uenezi wao kutoka huko kwenda kutawala maeneo mengi ya [[Afrika ya Kati]], [[Kusini mwa Afrika]] na [[Afrika Mashariki]]. ===Wakati wa ukoloni=== Kameruni ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Ujerumani]] hadi [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]]. Baada ya [[Ujerumani]] kushindwa vita, nchi ikagawiwa kati ya [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] chini ya mamlaka ya [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]] kama [[eneo la kudhaminiwa]]. ===Tangu uhuru hadi leo=== Mwaka wa [[1960]], [[Ufaransa|Wafaransa]] waliacha Kameruni ikawa nchi huru. Wananchi wa [[Kamerun ya Kiingereza|Kameruni ya Kiingereza]] walipiga kura kuamua kama walitaka kuwa sehemu ya Nigeria au ya Kameruni. Kaskazini wengi walipendelea kukaa Nigeria, hivyo maeneo hayo sasa ni sehemu ya Nigeria. Wananchi wengi wa kusini waliamua wajiunge na Kameruni<ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/referenda.html#1961_British_Cameroons_Plebiscite 1961 British Cameroons Plebiscite] {{Wayback|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/referenda.html#1961_British_Cameroons_Plebiscite |date=20200425080549 }}, kwenye tovuti ya africanelections.tripod.com/referenda, iliangaliwa Januari 2019</ref>. Kwa kusudi la kuheshimu tofauti za kiutamaduni kulikuwa na katiba mpya kwenye mwaka 1961 ''Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Kameruni''. Tangu [[1972]] [[muundo]] wa nchi ulibadilishwa kuacha mfumo wa [[shirikisho]] na kuwa [[jamhuri ya muungano]] inayokazia zaidi matumizi ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kifaransa]] ingawa [[Kiingereza]] bado ni [[moja]] ya [[lugha rasmi]]. Jina la nchi pia likabadilishwa kuwa ''Jamhuri ya Muungano ya Kameruni'' mwaka wa [[1972]]. Hapo sehemu ya Wakamerun wanaotumia lugha ya Kiingereza walijisikia kuwa wananyimwa [[haki]] zao.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2018/03/11/anglophone-crisis-cameroon-must-return-to-federal-system-abolished-under-ahidjo/ Anglophone crisis: Cameroon must return to federal system abolished under Ahidjo], Abdur Rahman Alfa Shaban kwenye tovuti ya africanews.com tar. 11/03/2018</ref> Baadaye, mwaka wa [[1984]] jina likabadilishwa tena kuwa ''Jamhuri ya Kameruni'' (kwa [[Kifaransa]] ''République du Cameroun''). Tangu mwaka [[2016]] [[upinzani]] uliongezeka kati ya watu wa [[magharibi]] wanaotumia Kiingereza. Harakati hiyo ilijibiwa na serikali na polisi kwa ukali na hii umeleta kuanzishwa kwa wanamgambo wenye [[silaha]] wanaoshambulia [[polisi]] na jeshi la [[serikali kuu]]. Tangu mwaka [[2017]] wapinzani wamedai uhuru wa sehemu yenye lugha ya Kiingereza wakitangaza wameunda nchi mpya ya "Ambazonia". Serikali iliundwa inayokaa Nigeria; lakini kuna vikundi tofauti ambavyo wanapigana kati yao<ref>[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/analysis/2020/07/08/Cameroon-Ambazonia-conflict-peace-whos-who Ahead of peace talks, a who’s who of Cameroon’s separatist movements], tovuti ya The New Humanitarian tar. 8 July 2020</ref>. Nchi hii haitambuliwi kimataifa. Mwaka 2021 kulikuwa na majadiliano kuhusu amani kati kundi linalojiita serikali ya Ambazonia na serikali ya Kameruni<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/cameroons-separatist-leader-is-willing-to-talk-peace-but-only-with-un-backing/a-52873413 Cameroon's separatist leader is willing to talk peace, but only with UN backing], Tovuti ya Deutsche Welle ya 23.03.2020</ref>, lakini makundi mengine yaliendelea na mapigano ya silaha<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/cameroon Cameroon Events of 2020], tovuti ya Human Rights Watch, taarifa kuhusu Kamerun mwaka 2021</ref>. == Siasa == [[Picha:Paul biya and colin powell.jpg|thumb|Rais wa Kameruni [[Paul Biya]] (kulia)]] {{main|Siasa za Kamerun}} == Uchumi == [[Picha:Tole-tea-back.jpg|thumb|right|140px|Majani chai inayotoka Kameruni]] {{main|Uchumi wa Cameroon}} == Watu == [[Picha:Centre Province Yaoundé 002.JPG|thumb|[[Yaoundé]], [[mji mkuu]] wa Kameruni (2003)]] [[Picha:Maison obus.jpg|thumb|Picha, kaskazini mwa Kameruni]] [[Picha:Bamun sultan palace.jpg|thumb|[[Ikulu]] ya [[sultani]] wa [[Bamun]] kwa [[Foumban]], Mkoa wa Magharibi]] {{main|Watu wa Kamerun|Orodha ya lugha za Kamerun}} Wakazi walikuwa 22,534,532 mwaka [[2013]], ambao wamegawanyika sawasawa kati ya wanaoishi mijini na wale wa vijijini. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kifaransa]] pamoja na [[Kiingereza]]. Hata hivyo wakazi wanaongea pia [[lugha]] za ma[[kabila]] yao mengi. Upande wa [[dini]], 70% ni [[Wakristo]] (40% [[Wakatoliki]] na 30% [[Waprotestanti]]), 18% ni [[Waislamu]], 3% ni wafuasi wa [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. 6% hawana dini yoyote. == Utamaduni == [[Picha:Njem house in Cameroon.jpg|thumb|Nyumba ya [[Njem]]]] [[Picha:Maka woman going to fields.jpg|thumb|Mwanamke wa [[Maka]] akienda shamba]] [[Picha:Tikar family.jpg|thumb|Familia ya [[Tikar]], Kaskazini magharibi]] {{Main|Utamaduni wa Kamerun|Muziki wa Kamerun|Mapishi ya Kamerun|Waandishi wa Kamerun}} == Elimu == {{main|Elimu Kamerun}} ==Tazama pia== * [[Ukristo nchini Kamerun|Ukristo nchini Kameruni]] * [[Kanisa Katoliki nchini Kamerun|Kanisa Katoliki nchini Kameruni]] * [[Uislamu nchini Kamerun|Uislamu nchini Kameruni]] * [[Mawasiliano nchini Kamerun|Mawasiliano nchini Kameruni]] * [[Mambo ya kigeni ya Kamerun|Mambo ya kigeni ya Kameruni]] * [[Orodha ya miji ya Kamerun|Orodha ya miji ya Kameruni]] * [[Jeshi la Kamerun|Jeshi la Kameruni]] * [[Usafirishaji nchini Kamerun|Usafirishaji nchini Kameruni]] * [[Chama cha Wanaskauti Kamerun|Chama cha Wanaskauti Kameruni]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == '''Serikali''' * [http://www.prc.cm/ Urais wa Nchi ya Kameruni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.prc.cm/ |date=20080913040344 }} Tovuti rasmi ya serikali * [http://www.cm.refer.org/assnat-cm/ Bunge ya Kameruni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cm.refer.org/assnat-cm/ |date=20080314133614 }} Tovuti rasmi '''Habari''' * [http://allafrica.com/cameroon/ allAfrica - Cameroon] viungo via habari * [http://www.crtv.cm/ CRTV - Cameroon Radio Television] {{Wayback|url=http://www.crtv.cm/ |date=20110223130537 }} ya serikali * [http://www.postnewsline.com/ The Post] – Gazeti lenye sifa linalochapwa huko Buea * [http://www.wagne.net/messager/ Le Messager] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wagne.net/messager/ |date=20051230074603 }} Gazeti la binafsi {{fr}} * [http://www.siantou.com/ Radio Siantou] {{Wayback|url=http://www.siantou.com/ |date=20060411110831 }} {{fr}} {{en}} '''Elimu''' * [http://www.vkii.org Chama cha Wakamerun cha wanainjinia na wanasayansi za compyuta] '''Uchambuzi''' * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1042937.stm BBC News - ''Country Profile: Cameroon''] {{en}} * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cm.html (Kitabu cha wadadisi wam marekani) - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cm.html |date=20021014230648 }} {{en}} '''Makabila na koo''' * [http://www.pygmies.info/ Baka Pygmies of Cameroon] Utamaduni na miziki ya watu wa Kameruni * [http://www.maurocampagnoli.com/ Anthropological researches in Cameroon] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maurocampagnoli.com/ |date=20051025035238 }} Fieldwork among Cameroonian populations * [http://www.bamileke.com/ Bamileke, watu wa Kameruni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bamileke.com/ |date=20240226060418 }} * [http://www.bakweri.org/ Bakweri, watu wa Kameruni ya Kiingereza.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bakweri.org/ |date=20060430052625 }} '''Miongozo''' * [http://www.cmclick.com CMCLICK Online! Cameroon Portal - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cmclick.com/ |date=20210517164438 }} Cameroon Internet Community. Cameroon Business Directory. Cameroon Information. Cameroon Culture. * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Cameroon/ Open Directory Project - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Cameroon/ |date=20060423143659 }} directory category * [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/camer.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Cameroon''] Maelezo kuhusu Afrika, kusini kwa Sahara. * [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Cameroon.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Cameroon''] directory category * [http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Cameroon/ Yahoo! - ''Cameroon''] {{Wayback|url=http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Cameroon/ |date=20060404051138 }} uelekezo, kamerun '''Utalii''' * [http://www.kamerun-tourismus.de/index_e.html Cameroon tourism] Picha kuhusu utalii kamerun * [http://www.cameroonincolour.com Cameroon In Colour] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cameroonincolour.com/ |date=20210509200551 }} Picha za Kameruni {{Commons|Cameroon}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Kamerun| ]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] t9d4owturehz1gguojktq2ad2vblq5f 0 2602 1589620 1122861 2026-08-20T14:17:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589620 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Melilla_7.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Melilla]] [[Picha:Melilla mji.PNG|thumb|right|300px|Ramani ya mji wa Melilla]] '''Melilla''' (tamka: me-li-ya; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''مليلية''', Meliliya; [[jina rasmi]]: Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla = Mji wa kujitawala wa Melilla) ni [[mji]] wa [[Afrika]] kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Mediteranea]] unaozungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]] upande wa [[bara]]. Umbali na [[Hispania]] bara ni takriban [[km]] 170 kuvuka [[bahari]]. Mji ulio karibu upande wa Moroko ni [[Nador]] kwenye umbali wa km 15. Pamoja na mji wa [[Ceuta]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]] ni sehemu ya Hispania na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ila [[Jiografia|kijiografia]] ni sehemu ya [[Afrika]]. Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. ==Watu== Melilla ina wakazi 65,500 (mwaka [[2005]]) katika eneo la [[km²]] 20. Zamani wakazi walio wengi walikuwa [[Wakatoliki]] wenye asili ya Hispania pamoja na [[Wayahudi]] na [[Uislamu|Waislamu]] [[Waarabu]] au [[Waberber]] wenye asili ya Moroko. Miaka ya nyuma idadi ya Waislamu imeongezeka ambao wengi wao wanapendelea kujiita Waberber kuliko Waarabu; Wayahudi wamepungua sana. Inasemekana ya kwamba wakazi karibu wote wanajiangalia kuwa Wahispania bila kujali kama ni Wakatoliki au Waislamu. [[Uchumi]] unategemea [[uvuvi]] pamoja na [[biashara]] ya mpakani. [[Pesa rasmi]] ni [[Euro]]. == Historia == [[Historia]] yake ilianza zaidi ya miaka 2000 iliyopita ikaundwa kwa jina la Rusadir. Ikawa sehemu ya [[Dola la Roma]] katika jimbo la [[Mauretania Tingitana]]. Eneo lake lilipiganiwa kuanzia mwaka [[429]] [[BK]] kati ya wavamizi [[Wavandali]] na [[Bizanti]]. Karibu kabla ya mwaka [[700]] BK Waarabu Waislamu walivamia eneo la pwani ya Moroko wakielekea Hispania. Mji ulipata jina la Meliliya ukabaki chini ya [[utawala]] wa Kiislamu hadi mwaka [[1497]] ulipotekwa na Wahispania. Wahispania walifaulu kubaki na mji katika [[vita]] mbalimbali za [[karne]] zilizofuata. Mwaka [[1936]] [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] vya Hispania vilianza Melilla kwa uasi wa [[wanajeshi]] dhidi ya [[serikali]] ya Jamhuri ya Hispania. {{Mbegu-jio-Hispania}} {{Afrika}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Hispania]] hodk6a5i9map0blxfnzh0aiigqkegkl 4 16648 1589642 1587368 2026-08-20T14:46:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Makala ya 123,000 */ 1589642 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Makala ya 124,000== Tarehe 20 Agosti [[2026]] umetungwa ukurasa wa 124,000 kuhusu [[historia ya Réunion|historia ya Reunion]]. ==Makala ya 123,000== Tarehe 12 Agosti 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 123,000 juu ya [[Arne Friedrich]], [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. ==Makala ya 122,000== Tarehe 6 Agosti [[2026]] umetungwa ukurasa wa 122,000 juu ya [[Bonnaye Mims]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Makala ya 121,000== Tarehe 14 Julai [[2026]] umetungwa ukurasa wa 121,000 juu ya [[Sadako Pointer]], [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Makala ya 120,000== Tarehe 30 Mei 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 120,000 juu ya [[Valentin Filatov (mkufunzi wa dubu)]]. ==Makala ya 119,000== Tarehe 26 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 119,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Salih Zaki Bey]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Iraki]]. ==Makala ya 118,000== Tarehe 23 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 118,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Tod Lippy]], [[Wasanii|msanii]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Makala ya 117,000== Tarehe 19 Mei 2026 iliandikwa makala juu ya [[Muziki|wanamuziki]] [[Modern Talking]] ambayo imekuwa ya 117,000 katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]. ==Makala ya 116,000== Tarehe 16 Mei 2026 makala juu ya [[John Brodie (mwanasoka aliyezaliwa 1862)]] imefanya idadi ya makala ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifikie 116,000. ==Makala ya 115,000== Mapema tarehe 13 Mei 2026 makala ya 115,000 ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilitungwa kuhusu [[Nadia Ginetti]], mwanasiasa wa Italia. ==Makala ya 114,000== Tarehe 10 Mei 2026, Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 114,000 kwa kupitia makala ya [[Hellen Linkswiler]] (5 Januari 1912 – 24 Juni 1984), mtaalamu wa lishe na mwanasayansi wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya utafiti kuhusu mahitaji ya madini katika mwili wa binadamu na asidi amino. ==Makala ya 113,000== Tarehe 7 Mei 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 113,000 inayohusu [[Jan Eliasberg]] mwongozaji na mwandishi wa filamu, maonyesho ya jukwaa, na televisheni kutoka nchini Marekani. ==Makala ya 112,000== Tarehe 28 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 112,000 inayohusu [[Silverio Izaguirre]], [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] wa [[Hispania]]. ==Makala ya 111,000== Tarehe 21 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imewahi kupata makala ya 111,000 kuhusu [[Janet Nwadiogo Mokelu]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini. ==Makala ya 110,000== Tarehe 16 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia idadi ya makala 110,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Linda Moss]], mwanasiasa wa nchi hiyohiyo. ==Makala ya 109,000== Tarehe [[9 Aprili]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 109,000 kuhusu [[Cyprien Mbonimpa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Burundi]].. ==Haririo la 1,500,000== Siku hiyohiyo ilikuwa imepata kufanyika haririo la 1,500,000 tangu Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ianzishwe. ==Makala ya 108,000== Tarehe [[18 Machi]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 108,000 kuhusu [[Wahindi wa Tanzania]]. ==Makala ya 107,000== Tarehe [[23 Februari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 107,000 kuhusu [[Chang Ming-che]], mwanataaluma wa [[Taiwan]]. ==Makala ya 106,000== Tarehe [[11 Februari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 106,000 kuhusu [[Musa Tukur Yakasai]], profesa wa [[Nigeria]]. ==Makala ya 105,000== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala kuhusu [[Eliane Rosa Naika]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]]: ndiyo ya 105,000. ==Makala ya 104,000== Mwaka 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia kuwa na makala ya 104,000 tarehe [[10 Januari]] kuhusu [[filamu]] [[Miss Fatimah]]. ==Makala ya 103,000== Tarehe 8 Desemba imetungwa makala ya 103,000 kuhusu [[Carlentini]], mji wa [[Sisilia|Sicilia]], [[Italia visiwani]]. ==Makala ya 102,000== Tarehe 8 Oktoba imetungwa makala ya 102,000 kuhusu [[Irene Charnley]]. ==Makala ya 101,000== Kwa kasi hiyohiyo ya mwaka 2025, Wikipedia yetu imepiku mapema toleo la [[Kimalagasy]] na tarehe 23 Agosti kuwahi nakala ya 101,000 kuhusu [[Dada wa Cooney]]. =='''Makala ya 100,000'''== Kwa makala juu ya [[Barclayville]],‎ tarehe [[23 Juni]] [[2025]] Wikipedia yetu imetimiza idadi ya laki moja! Ni Wikipedia ya Afrika ya nne kufikia kiwango hicho, siku chache baada ya ile ya Malagasy, na ni ya kwanza kati ya [[lugha za Kiniger-Kongo]]. Tunawashukuru wote, wazima kwa wafu, waliochangia mafanikio hayo. ==Makala ya 99,000== Tarehe [[4 Juni]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 99,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[wilaya ya Luanshya]] nchini [[Zambia]]. ==Makala ya 98,000== Tarehe [[9 Machi]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 98,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[mwimbaji]] [[Kirsten Price]].‎ ==Makala ya 97,000== Tarehe [[25 Februari]] 2025 imefikia makala ya 97,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[kardinali]] [[Giulio Bevilacqua]].‎ ==Makala ya 96,000== Tarehe 18 Februari 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 96,000 kuhusu [[mwimbaji]] [[Janie Fricke]].‎ ==Makala ya 95,000== Tarehe [[6 Februari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 95,000 juu ya [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Perth Rectangular]].‎ ==Makala ya 94,000== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 94,000 kuhusu [[askofu]] [[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]]. ==Makala ya 93,000== Tarehe [[22 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 93,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] [[Grant Needham]]. ==Makala ya 92,000== Tarehe [[13 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 92,000 kuhusu [[mwanamuziki]] [[Terry Tufts]].‎ ==Makala ya 91,000== Tarehe [[6 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 91,000 kuhusu [[mwanasiasa]] [[Saka Isau]].‎ ==Makala ya 90,000== Tarehe [[11 Desemba]] [[2024]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 90,000 kuhusu mchezaji [[Jason Hartill]].‎ Kwa mara ya kwanza tumeweza kuanzisha makala 1,000 kwa siku mbili tu. ==Makala ya 89,000== Tarehe [[9 Desemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 89,000 kuhusu jimbo la [[Norwei]] [[Vestland]].‎ Kwa mara ya kwanza tumeweza kuanzisha makala 10,000 kwa mwaka mmoja tu. Hongera kwa wote waliochangia. ==Makala ya 88,000== Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 88,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanakandanda]] wa kike [[Stephanie Bukovec]].‎ ==Makala ya 87,000== Tarehe [[22 Novemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 87,000 kuhusu mwanakandanda [[Nicholas Lindsay]].‎ ==Makala ya 86,000== Tarehe [[7 Novemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 86,000 kuhusu [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] [[Juma Ndiwa]].‎ ==Makala ya 85,000== Tarehe 20 Oktoba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 85,000 kuhusu [[mtakatifu]] [[Leoniani wa Vienne]]. ==Makala ya 84,000== Tarehe 8 Oktoba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 84,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jürgen Kühl]].‎‎ ==Makala ya 83,000== Tarehe 19 Septemba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 83,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jacques Riparelli]]. ==Makala ya 82,000== Tarehe 10 Julai 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 82,000 kuhusu [[pipa]]. ==Makala ya 81,000== Tarehe 11 Juni 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 81,000 ambayo inahusu [[Kufukuzwa kwa Wamoroko kutoka Algeria]]. ==Makala ya 80,000== Tarehe 21 Aprili 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 80,000 ambayo inahusu [[mwandamizi]]. ==Mradi mpya wa kata za Tanzania== Tarehe [[20 Aprili]] 2024 tumemaliza kuingiza taarifa za [[kata]] zote nchini [[Tanzania]] kufuatana na [[sensa]] ya mwaka 2022. ==Makala ya 79,000== Tarehe 9 Desemba [[2023]] Wikipedia hii imefikia makala ya 79,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya kata ya [[Chemchem (Unguja)]] katika mradi mpya wa kata za Tanzania. {{Infobox_Person | jina =Kipala | nchi =Ujerumani | majina_mengine = | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kufariki =10 Julai 2023 | mahala_alipofia = | sababu_ya_kifariki = | anajulikana kwa = | kazi_yake = Mchungaji | cheo =Mchungaji | mshahara = | kipindi = | alitanguliwa_na = | akafuatiwa_na = | chama = | bodi = | dini = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | mahusiano = | tovuti = | maelezo = | mwajiri = | urefu = | uzito = }} ==Kifo cha Kipala== Tarehe [[10 Julai]] 2023 mwenzetu bureaucrat [[mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ameaga dunia. Mchungaji wa Kilutheri na mmisionari katika nchi mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] na [[Iran]], Ingo Koll amefariki nyumbani mwake nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alichangia sana kamusi elezo ya lugha yetu tangu tarehe 13 Machi 2006 hadi tarehe 28 Juni 2023. Mbali ya hilo, alikuwa kiungo kikuu katika kutuweka pamoja kama Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Alitoa mchango mkubwa sana katika kuistawisha na katika mijadala mbalimbali, pamoja na kutuwakilisha kimataifa. Mwenyezi Mungu amjalie raha ya milele. Amina. Tarehe 13 Mei 2023 alikuwa amemuandikia [[mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|ndugu Rikardo]]: "Juzi daktari aliniarifu kwamba nimepata kansa. Aina hiyo kwenye kongosho inaweza kuendelea haraka sana, lakini kuna uwezekano fulani wa tiba itakayoongeza muda kidogo ... labda mwaka 1 au miwili. Hadi sasa sisikii matatizo lakini nahisi maumivu yatakuja, na matokeo ya tiba ya madawa makali yataniathiri pia. Kwa hiyo - sijui sasa nitaweza kuendelea kwa muda gani. Wiki ijayo naingia hospitalini kwa utafiti zaidi. Sidhani ni wakati wa kuaga sasa. Sina hamu ya kupokea wimbi la "pole". Tangu nimepita umri wa miaka 70 nilijiambia "kuanzia sasa hakuna cha kulalamika", maana katika kazi yangu nimezika watu mamia nilipenda kusoma zaburi ya 90. Nachukua wakati wangu kama zawadi. Sikutegemea nitapatwa na kansa ya haraka vile lakini sioni faida ya kulalamika. Hadi sasa maisha yangu yamekuwa mazuri sana, nina kila sababu kumshukuru Mungu na kushukuru watu niliokuta kwenye njia zangu. Hii ni pamoja na wewe!" ==Makala ya 78,000== Tarehe [[15 Juni]] 2023 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 78,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Jamil Adam]] katika mradi wa [[Mchezaji|wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]]. ==Makala ya 77,000== Tarehe [[25 Machi]] 2023 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 77,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chomutov]], [[mji]] wa [[Ucheki]]. ==Wakabidhi wapya wanne== Mwezi Aprili 2023 ulifanyika uchaguzi wa wakabidhi wapya. Kati ya 6 waliogombea, 4 wamechaguliwa kwa kupata zaidi ya nusu ya kura halali. Kazi njema, ndugu! ==Makala ya 76,000== Tarehe [[23 Desemba]] [[2022]] Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 76,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Bouhjar]], [[mji]] wa [[Tunisia]]. ==Makala ya 75,00== Tarehe [[17 Septemba]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 75,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Kouandé]], [[mji]] wa [[Benin]]. ==Makala ya 74,00== Tarehe [[15 Julai]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 74,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ghuba ya Venezuela]]. ==Makala ya 73,00== Tarehe [[6 Juni]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 73,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Frenda]], mji wa [[Algeria]]. ==Makala ya 72,00== Tarehe [[14 Mei]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 72,000. Kwa kuwa makala nyingi zimetungwa kwa mashindano, kuna kazi kubwa ni kuziweka sawa. ==Makala ya 71,00== Tarehe [[23 Aprili]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 71,000 kwa makala nyingi za mradi wa [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki|Arusha Editathon Muziki]]. ==Makala ya 70,00== Tarehe [[10 Machi]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 70,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ilesa]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Nigeria]]. ==Makala ya 69,000== Tarehe [[11 Januari]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 69,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Maroua]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Kamerun]]. ==Makala ya 68,000== Tarehe [[29 Oktoba]] [[2021]] Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 68,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chambishi]] katika mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Zambia]]. ==Makala ya 67,000== Tarehe [[9 Septemba]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 67,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Nairagie Ngare]] katika mradi wa [[vijiji]] vya [[Kenya]]. ==Makala ya 66,000== Tarehe [[14 Agosti]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 66,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Makutano]] katika mradi wa kata za Kenya. ==Makala ya 65,000== Tarehe [[5 Julai]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 65,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mwea]] katika mradi wa kata za Kenya. ==Makala ya 64,000== Tarehe [[19 Juni]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imevuka idadi ya 64,000 kutokana na tendo la kurudisha makala 907 lililofanywa na steward aliyekuwa amezifuta kwa mkupuo mmoja mwaka 2020. ==Makala ya 63,000== Tarehe [[8 Juni]] 2021 mradi wa Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha kuhusu viwanja vya michezo umefikisha Wikipedia yetu hadi kutunga makala ya 63,000 na kusonga mbele haraka. Hongera na asante kwa wahusika wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:58, 9 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 62,000== Tarehe [[7 Mei]] 2021 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Italia]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 62,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[San Giovanni Rotondo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:28, 7 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 61,000== Tarehe [[15 Machi]] 2021 mradi wa [[watakatifu]] [[Wakristo]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 61,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Agrikola wa Chalon]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:19, 15 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 60,000== Tarehe [[20 Agosti]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 60,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Rubirizi (Muramvya)]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 20 Agosti 2020 (UTC) Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] 2020 Wikipedia yetu imetimiza tena idadi hiyo baada ya kukatwa makala 800 hivi hapo katikati (mpaka sasa hatujajua ilikuwaje). Ukurasa husika ni juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Andrea Avellino]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 8 Novemba 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 59,000== Tarehe [[22 Mei]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[miji ya Rwanda]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 59,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mukarange]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 22 Mei 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 58,000== Tarehe [[3 Aprili]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya mito ya Burundi|mito ya Burundi]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 58,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Gihororo (Karuzi)]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 3 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 57,000== Tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[wachezaji mpira]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 57,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Gilmar Rinaldi]]. Kurasa elfu kwa juma moja tu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:44, 18 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 56,000== Tarehe [[10 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Makabila ya Uganda]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 56,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Wakumam]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:36, 10 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 55,000== Tarehe [[13 Desemba]] [[2019]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika|Watakatifu wa Afrika]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 55,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Yusto askofu]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 13 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 54,000== Tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] 2019 makala ya 54,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[wafiadini]] wa [[Afrika]] [[Suksesi na wenzake 17]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 4 Oktoba 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 53,000== Tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 2019 makala ya 53,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[Tarafa ya Tiémélékro]]. Tunawashukuru wachangiaji wetu kutoka [[Cote d'Ivoire]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:58, 11 Agosti 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 52,000== Tarehe [[16 Julai]] 2019 makala ya 52,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Rwoho]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:55, 16 Julai 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 51,000== Tarehe [[31 Mei]] 2019 makala ya 51,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Osia]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 31 Mei 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 50,000== Tarehe [[3 Mei]] 2019 makala ya 50,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Ocere]]. Hatimaye tumefikia hatua hiyo kubwa! Hongera kwa wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 3 Mei 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 49,000== Tarehe [[23 Machi]] 2019 makala ya 49,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Wangodugu]]. Tukazane ili kufikia mapema ya 50,000! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 23 Machi 2019 (UTC) ::Hongera sana Ndugu Riccardo kwa michango yako!! Na asante!'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:58, 23 Machi 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 48,000== Tarehe [[7 Februari]] 2019 makala ya 48,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[kisiwa cha Musira]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:30, 7 Februari 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 47,000== Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] [[2018]] makala ya 47,000 imetungwa kuhusu mto Olkimatare. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:26, 8 Novemba 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 46,000== Tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] 2018 makala ya 46,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Wakavi]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:41, 15 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) ==Ukurasa wa 100,000== Tarehe [[5 Oktoba]] 2018, kwa makala juu ya [[Mto Thiririka]], Wikipedia yetu imefikia ukurasa wa 100,000 zikihesabiwa si makala tu, bali pia kurasa za maelekezo, majadiliano, watumiaji n.k. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:41, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) ==Baba Tabita kuaga== Tarehe [[26 Septemba]] 2018, huyo mchangiaji wetu mkuu ameandika ili kutuaga baada ya kazi ya miaka 12 na kisha kuugua kwa muda mrefu, akisema hajui kama ataweza kuchangia tena. Tunazidi kumuombea kwa Mwenyezi Mungu aweze kupona na kuendelea nasi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 26 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 45,000== Tarehe [[12 Agosti]] [[2018]] makala ya 45,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Ilangi]], [[Korongo (jiografia)|korongo]] wa [[Kenya]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 12 Agosti 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 44,000== Tarehe [[30 Julai]] [[2018]] makala ya 44,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Nyairoko]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 30 Julai 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 43,000== Tarehe [[7 Julai]] makala ya 43,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Kaptarit]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:36, 7 Julai 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 42,000== Tarehe 21 Mei 2018, makala ya 42,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Jigulu]]. Mbele kwa mbele! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:18, 21 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 41,000== Tarehe 2 Mei 2018, makala ya 41,000 ilianzishwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]] kuhusu [[Mto Ligunga]]. Tusonge mbeleee! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 3 Mei 2018 (UTC) :Ninja [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]] katika ubora wake. Safi sana! Tunasonga. Sasa hivi tutafika walipo Afrikaans!--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 08:22, 3 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 40,000== Tarehe 17 Machi 2018, makala ya 40,000 (AROBAINI ELFU, jamani!) ni kuhusu mlima [[Nidze]]. Makala ilianzishwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. Asante na hongera, Mzee! Sherehe itafanyika wapiii? Tupo pamoja katika furaha na fahari. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 17 Machi 2018 (UTC) :Sasa niseme tu, zama zangu zimeisha! Nyakati zangu nilipiga buku ndani ya wiki 2. Furaha iliyopo hadi mgonjwa umeamka kitandani. Pole sana mzee wangu, Oliver, na ahsante kwa taarifa!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="blue">_{'''Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span><font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 12:37, 17 Machi 2018 (UTC) ::Kweli tunahitaji sherehe. Hongereni ndugu zangu wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|Ndesanjo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|majadiliano]])''' 23:44, 30 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 39,000== Tarehe 24 Desemba 2017, makala ya 39,000 imeandikwa. Sasa tunalenga ya 40,000: tujitahidi pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 13 Januari 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 38,000== Tarehe 12 Oktoba 2017, makala ya 38,000 ni kuhusu [[Ziwa Kamnarok]], [[ziwa]] lililokauka la [[Kenya]]. Makala iliandikwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 21:16, 13 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 37,000== Tarehe 30 Julai 2017, makala ya 37,000 ni kuhusu [[Ziwa Ambussel]], ziwa dogo la [[Tanzania]]. Makala iliandikwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 30 Julai 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 36,000== Tarehe 20 Mei 2017, makala ya 36,000 ni kuhusu [[Abdallah Majurah Bulembo]], mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]]. Makala iliandikwa na Ndugu [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Luhazi|Luhazi]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 18:29, 20 Mei 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 35,000== Tarehe 12 Januari 2017, makala ya 35,000 ni kuhusu mwandishi [[James Tate (mwandishi)|James Tate]] aliyepokea [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Ushairi]] mwaka wa 1992. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 10:41, 12 Januari 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 33,000== 18 Aprili 2016, makala ya 33,000 ni [[Kio'du]], lugha ya [[Vietnam]] na [[Laos]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 18 Aprili 2016 (UTC) ==Haririo la 1,000,000== Upande wa maharirio, tarehe [[10 Oktoba]] 2015 yamefikia [[idadi]] ya [[milioni]] 1. ==Makala ya 30,000== Nimejitahidi lakini nahisi aliyepita ni Riccardo mnamo tar. 21. Septemba 2015, sina uhakika makala gani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:32, 23 Septemba 2015 (UTC) :Ni [[Historia ya Madagaska]] tarehe 22 Septemba 2015. Hongera kwa wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 24 Septemba 2015 (UTC) ==Makala ya 29,000== *13 Juni 2015, makala ya 29,000 ni [[Pembe kuu‎]] (pembe ya 180°, isiyoonekana kama pembe inafanana na mstari wa kawaida...) ==Warsha ya Wikipedia Morogoro== Tarehe 21 Machi 2015, wahariri wafuatao walitoa warsha ya kuandika na kuhariri makala za wikipedia ya Kiswahili kwa walimu na wanafunzi wa [http://www.alfagems.com/ shule ya sekondari ya AlfaGems] mjini [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]]: [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], [[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] na [[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] (bahati mbaya, [[Mtumiaji:Muddyb Blast Producer|Muddyb Blast Producer]] alibanwa kazini na kutoweza kuhudhuria). Tumefurahi kuona mafanikio mema! <gallery> Morogoro 2015 Warsha ya wanafunzi 1.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 1 Morogoro 2015 Warsha ya wanafunzi 2.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 2 Morogoro 2015 warsha ya wanafunzi 3.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 3 Warsha wanafunzi.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 4 Alfagems Shule ya Sekondari Morogoro - Wikipedia imefika!.jpg|Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefika Alfagems SS Warsha ya walimu.jpg|Walimu walikuwa na warsha yao pia Alfagems Shule ya Sekondari Morogoro - wikipedia imefika hadi chumba hiki.jpg|Hapo iko chumba cha kompyuta ambako wanafunzi zaidi ya 60 waliangalia nafasi zilizopo kwenye wikipedia ya Kiswahili </gallery> ==Makala ya 28,000== *25 Januari 2015, makala ya 28,000 ni [[Kipaici]], lugha ya [[Kaledonia Mpya]]. ==Makala ya 22,000== *28 Oktoba 2011 imefika makala 22,000! ==Makala ya 20,000== [[Picha:Wikipedia 20000 articles.png|80px|right]] * 21 Agosti 2010: mji wa [[Dordrecht]] ;-) ==Makala ya 15,000== * 25 Desemba 2009 (UTC) :-) '''Mlimba''' ni tarafa iliyopo katika wilaya ya Kilombero katika Mkoa wa Morogoro. Ipo umbali wa kilomita 150 kutoka Ifakara mjini. Tarafa ya Mlimba ina ujumla wa kata 6. Kata ya Tanganyika Masagati ni kata maarufu sana katika tarafa ya Mlimba. Ipo umbali usiopungua kilomita 100 kutoka Mlimba mjini. Tarafa hii inakabiliwa na matatizo mbalimbali ikiwemo ya usafiri, utumishi wa umma {walimu,madaktari n.k}. Wakazi wa mlimba wanategemea zaidi usafiri wa TAZARA. Kata ya Mlimba ina shule za msingi zisizopungua 10 na sekondari 3.Tarafa ya Mlimba ina shule zaidi ya 30 za msingi na 8 za sekondari. Moja kati ya shule maarufu ni shule ya msingi MAKIRIKA na shule ya sekondari MLIMBA GIRLS. Shule ya msingi MAKIRIKA ipo umbali wa kilomita 10 kutoka Mlimba mjini. Shule hii ipo katika kijiji cha Makirika. Ina walimu 4 {Donatus Dacky, Abel Michael, John Justine na Selemani Mkonje},shule ina darasa la awali hadi la saba! Pia katika tarafa ya mlimba utakutana na mgodi wa umeme{KIHANSI}... imehaririwa na selemani mkonje ==Maendeleo ya makala za kata nchini [[Tanzania]]== Makala za kata zinafuata majina ya kata yaliyotajwa katika taarifa ya sensa 2002. Kata zilizoanzishwa baadaye kwa kawaida hazipo bado. Kata zote za Tanzania zimepata makala fupi ya mbegu; mengine yameshapanushwa. Ilikuwa kazi kubwa na ya maana! Kazi inayobaki ni kufuatilia habari za wilaya mpya zilizoanzishwa mwaka 2006/2007 kwa sababu orodha ya kata iliyopatikana ilikuwa ya sensa ya mwaka 2002. Pale tulipotambua wilaya mpya tulianza makala ya wilaya pia kigezo cha kata zake isipokuwa bado bila majina. Kata ya wilaya mpya bado zinaorodheshwa chini ya chini ya wilaya mama. Mifano ya wilaya mpya ni [[Wilaya ya Misenyi]], [[Wilaya ya Chato]], [[Wilaya ya Rorya]]. ==Mikoa ya Tanzania ambayo kata zote zimeanzishwa makala ya mbegu== [[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] | [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] | [[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] | [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] | [[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] | [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] | [[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] | [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] | [[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] | [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] | [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] | [[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] | [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] | [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] | [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini |Pemba Kaskazini]] | [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] | [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] | [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] | [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] | [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] | [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] | [[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] | [[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Mjini Magharibi]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Unguja Kusini]] ==Wikipedia yetu katika orodha ya [[meta:List of Wikipedias by edits per article]]== [[Meta:List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles]] inalinganisha wikipedia za lugha mbalimbali kwenye msingi wa orodha la [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo]]. Katika ulinganisho wa Aprili 2009 makala zifuatazo ziliangaliwa hasa kuwa ama zinekosekana kabisa au ni fupi mno au ziko na ukubwa karibu na ngazi inayofuata (kati ya ndogo-wastani-kubwa na kila ngazi inapewa uzito tofauti katika ulinganisho). Majina yafuatayo ni katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza. #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Song Song] ([[Wimbo|wimbo - alama 463 pekee]]) #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Crusades Crusades] - [[vita za misalaba]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Communism Communism] - [[ukomunisti]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Culture Culture] - [[utamaduni]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Big Bang Big Bang] - [[mlipuko mkuu]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Evolution Evolution] - [[mageuko ya spishi]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Democracy Democracy] - [[demokrasia]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Horse Horse] - [[farasi]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Basketball Basketball] - [[mpira wa kikapu]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Fascism Fashism] - [[ufashisti]] --'''[[User:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[User talk:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 9 Aprili 2009 (UTC) == Mradi mpya: [[Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya]]== Baada ya kutunga makala za mbegu kwa kila kata ya [[Tanzania]] tunalenga sasa kufanya kazi hiyohiyo kwa kata zote za Kenya. Ukurasa [[Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya]] umeundwa kwa muda kwa kurahisisha utekelezaji wa mradi huu. Orodha hii inafikiwa pia kwa kifupi[[ kata Kenya]]. == Swahili Wikipedia now the largest African language Wikipedia == Apologies for the English, I don't speak Swahili, but I thought I'd let everyone know that Swahili has just passed Afrikaans as the largest African language Wikipedia. Congratulations! See [http://www.greenman.co.za/blog/?p=614 greenman.co.za] for more information. '''[[Mtumiaji:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Greenman|majadiliano]])''' 22:12, 3 Agosti 2009 (UTC) ::It was time! - Don't you think so? - Congratulations!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 13:48, 10 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==The Nairobi Hospital== Apologies for the English, my Kiswahili are not that good. I've been writting an article (at the el:Wikipedia) about the "[[:el:The Nairobi Hospital]]" and I do not have any pictures to support it. Can somebody from the Nairobi area, take several pictures of "The Nairobi Hospital" and upload them at Wikimedia Commons?<br/> Asante sana!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 8 Septemba 2018 (UTC)<br/> P.S. I am particullarly interested of the "Galanos Block".<br/> --'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 16:05, 14 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==Galanos sulphur baths== Additive to The Nairobi Hospital request, I have another one, the following: I have written the [[:el:Galanos sulphur baths]] at the Greek Wikipedia and do not have any pictures to accompany it. Can somebody from the [[:el:Tanga Region]], take several photographs of the "Galanos thermal springs" and upload them at Wikimedia Commons?<br/> Asante sana!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 16:01, 14 Septemba 2018 (UTC) :Thanks for your contribution. We are a small group, at the moment I am not aware of anybody around Tanga. Lets see if we find someone. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:44, 19 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ::Dear '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]]''', thank you very much for your response, I'll be waiting and hoping.<br/> ::With kindest regards!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 07:48, 22 Septemba 2018 (UTC) == Afrocuration == Hi all. I will be adding 4 articles relating to the Afrocuration project to add articles relating to Covid-19. Namely, [[Utambuzi|Medical Diagnosis]], [[Ugonjwa unaopitishwa hewani|Airborne Disease]], Hand Washing, [[Athari ya pandemia ya Korona 2019-20 kwa mazingira|Environmental impact]]. Kind regards '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 6 Juni 2020 (UTC) : {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} can I upload the other 2 articles? '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 16:17, 8 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::If you used computer translation, it's better if you don't upload them. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::: The 2 pages I created was made through an Afrocuration project done by translators that do speak Kiswahili and was not made through the content creation tool. Unfortunately I cannot gauge the quality of these articles. Were the other 2 of such poor quality that I shouldn't upload them? Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::: Truly, the first one was very poor, the second one was a little better. Many times Swahili speakers are not so good translators! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:36, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::::: Thanks a lot for your honest feedback. I will ask that the other 2 articles first be proofread. If anyone is keen to help the Google docs are available [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUovtBQax-5hrTerPVDG6mg_0t_r0CkyrE-YrkotB1o/edit# here] and [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1huDcJvyIdWk3QT1EDmOUNjfXIGRMuzr79n0S9z4bJls/edit# here]. Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 16:02, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::::: Both articles need many corrections, though they are understandable. Let you upload them, then we will try to work on them. Thank you for your care and humble attitude. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:37, 10 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::::::::::: Asante sana kwa maoni yako ya kweli. Nitauliza kwamba nakala zingine 2 kwanza zihakikiwe. Ikiwa mtu yeyote ana hamu ya kusaidia hati za Google zinapatikana [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUovtBQax-5hrTerPVDG6mg_0t_r0CkyrE-YrkotB1o/edit# hapa] na '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 08:47, 13 Juni 2020 (UTC) ==Wikipedia pages Wanting Photos #WPWP== Habari wachangiaji, katika mradi wa WPWP unaoendelea hivi sasa, kuna fujo nyingi za wachangiaji wakati wa kuongeza picha, kama kuacha maneno ya lugha nyingine katika maelezo juu ya picha. Hivyo ni ombi langu kwa wachangiaji angalau kupitia hizi makala na kufanya masahihisho. [[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Michango/Tarih&offset=&limit=500&target=Tarih|Angalia kiungo hiki]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 10 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Ni kweli. Kwa tamaa ya tuzo wengine wanaongeza picha yoyote na maandishi yasiyo sahihi. Sisi hatuna muda wa kupitia kazi hizo zote. Hata hivyo kwa jumla faida fulani ipo. Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:01, 10 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Have you Voted?== Hi all, There are 16 eligible voters in Swahili Wikipedia for the ongoing [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections]]. But only one 3 people have voted so far. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is still ongoing. Votes will be accepted until 23:59 31 August 2021 (UTC). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wgyP3fNI4M 2021 Wikimedia Board election video]:Please watch and share this widely so we can motivate more participation from all eligible voters! Please visit [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board Elections 2021|here]] to cast your vote. You can also read more about the candidates [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates|here]] Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:07, 26 Agosti 2021 (UTC) == 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result == Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support: *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month. Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:49, 8 Septemba 2021 (UTC) ==Campaigns Ambassador Contractor Opening For African French, Arabic And Swahili Speakers== Dear Swahili Wikipedia Community, The [[m:Campaigns|Campaigns Team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is excited to announce that it seeks a '''Campaigns Ambassador''' with experience working in the French, Arabic or Swahili Wikipedia communities in Africa. The campaign ambassador will support our product and programs team in providing support and advising to campaign organizers and improve the campaign organizing journey. The Campaigns Ambassador will be supporting the rollout of tools and features to support campaign organizers, in the communities we are building for. Kindly confirm further details and requirements about the role in the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ddp1mWyzZXtPppQl9ovzjgxBBClmL4EGFc7_58kN1is/edit '''attached job description''']. All interested applicants should submit a copy of their curriculum vitae (CV) and cover letter via email to '''fnartey@Wikimedia.org''' and copy '''ifried@wikimedia.org''' by 28th November 2021. If you have any further questions about the role kindly contact '''jjonsson@wikimedia.org'''. Thank you. Best, <br> Imelda ==Voting closes soon on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct== : ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_3|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_3|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement%2FVoting+3&language=&action=page&filter= Please help translate to your language] : Hello all, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting|Voting]] closes on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] at '''23.59 UTC''' today, '''January 31, 2023'''. Please visit the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|voter information page on Meta-wiki]] for voter eligibility information and details on how to vote. More information on the Enforcement Guidelines and the voting process is available in this [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_1|previous message]]. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:14, 31 Januari 2023 (UTC) 1m3y5ybft64emaso1pqg7cfo9duqoih 0 16901 1589716 1569143 2026-08-20T23:47:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Літургія в Церкві Покрови Пресвятої Богородиці (Пирогів)2.jpg|thumb|[[Liturujia ya Kimungu]] kadiri ya [[Liturujia ya Ugiriki|mapokeo ya Bizanti]] ikiadhimishwa na waumini wa [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kigiriki la Ukraina]].]] {{Ukristo}} '''Liturgia''' (pia: '''liturujia''' na '''liturugia'''; kutoka [[Kigiriki]] '''λειτουργια''', ''leiturgia'', yaani ''huduma kwa umati wa watu'') ni [[utaratibu]] maalumu unaoweka mpangilio wa [[sala]], [[nyimbo]], masomo na [[sherehe]] nyingine wakati wa [[ibada]] hasa katika [[madhehebu]] kadhaa ya [[Kanisa]] la [[Kikristo]]. Wakati mwingine [[neno]] hili linatumika pia kwa muundo au utaratibu wa [[sala]] katika [[dini]] nyingine mbalimbali. [[File:BenedictineVespers.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mmonaki|Wamonaki]] [[Wabenedikto]] wakiimba [[Liturujia ya Vipindi]].]] [[Image:Vihkimistilaisuus Kiuruveden kirkossa.JPG|thumb|left|Liturujia ya [[ndoa]] katika [[Kanisa (jengo)|kanisa]] la [[Kiuruvesi]], [[Ufini]].]] [[File:Channel 2 - Jewish prayer.webm|thumb|left|[[Video]] ya sala ya [[Wayahudi]].]] [[File:Different_postures_of_a_Muslim_service.jpg|thumb|left|Mikao mbalimbali katika [[Swalah|swalah]] ya [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]].]] [[File:Bhikku Upasampata.JPG|alt=Buddhist Liturgy|thumb|left|Liturujia ya [[Ubuddha|Kibuddha]].]] Taratibu hizo zinatofautiana kulingana na [[imani]], [[teolojia]], [[historia]] na [[utamaduni]] wa wahusika. Hivyo ndani ya [[Ukristo]] kuna taratibu mbalimbali ambazo [[tawi|matawi]] yake makuu ni: *liturgia ya [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] *liturgia ya [[Wakatoliki]] wanaofuata mapokeo ya [[Kanisa la Roma]] *liturgia ya madhehebu asili ya [[Uprotestanti]] ([[Walutheri]], [[Waanglikana]], [[Waprebiteri]] n.k.), tofauti na [[ubunifu]] unaotawala yale ya baadaye ([[Wapentekoste]] n.k.) Kiini cha liturgia ya Kikristo ni [[sakramenti]] zilizoanzishwa na [[Yesu]] mwenyewe, hasa [[ubatizo]] na [[ekaristi]]. ==Marejeo== *Baldovin, John F., SJ (2008) ''Reforming the Liturgy: a Response to the Critics''. The Liturgical Press *Bowker, John, ed. (1997) ''Oxford Dictionary of World Religions''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-213965-7. *Bugnini, Annibale, (1990) ''The Reform of the Liturgy 1948&ndash;1975''. The Liturgical Press *Dix, Dom Gregory (1945) ''The Shape of the Liturgy'' *Donghi, Antonio, (2009) ''Words and Gestures in the Liturgy''. The Liturgical Press *Johnson, Lawrence J., (2009) ''Worship in the Early Church: an Anthology of Historical Sources''. The Liturgical Press *Jones, Cheslyn, Geoffrey Wainwright, and Edward Yarnold, eds. (1978) ''The Study of Liturgy. London: SPCK. *Marini, Piero, (2007) ''A Challenging Reform: Realizing the Vision of the Liturgical Renewal''. The Liturgical Press *Scotland, N. A. D. (1989). ''Eucharistic Consecration in the First Four Centuries and Its Implications for Liturgical Reform'', in series, ''Latimer Studies'', 31. Latimer House. ISBN 0-946307-30-X *[http://www.quakerinfo.org/quakerism/beliefs.html "What Do Quakers Believe?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.quakerinfo.org/quakerism/beliefs.html |date=20110825111132 }}. Quaker Information Center, Philadelphia, PA, 2004. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09306a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article] *[http://www.saintsconstantineandelena.org/Liturgy/liturgy1.htm Orthodox Tradition and the Liturgy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saintsconstantineandelena.org/Liturgy/liturgy1.htm |date=20110119105305 }} *[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=475&letter=L&search=Liturgy Jewish Encyclopedia: Liturgy] *[http://www.liturgy.co.nz Contemporary Christian Liturgy Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.liturgy.co.nz/ |date=20210425174737 }} History, theory, practice *[http://www.confiteordeo.info/latin_masses.htm The Indult Tridentine Rite of Mass] {{Wayback|url=http://www.confiteordeo.info/latin_masses.htm |date=20080624231906 }} *[http://dsjliturgy.blogspot.com Work of the People] *[http://cafe.daum.net/tochak/ Yejeonhak Baeumteo: Online Community for Liturgical Resources (Korean)] *[http://www.cattoliciromani.com/forum/forumdisplay.php/dizionario_liturgico-10.html Dictionary of Catholic Liturgy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cattoliciromani.com/forum/forumdisplay.php/dizionario_liturgico-10.html |date=20161107080122 }} *[http://www.evangelische-liturgie.de/ Liturgie-Kontor "Maria Magdalena"] (Texte zu Gottesdiensten im Kirchenjahr) *[http://cdi.uvm.edu/collections/getCollection.xql?pid=manuscripts&title=Medieval%20and%20Renaissance%20Manuscripts 15th century liturgy for the deceased, written in Gothic Textualis script, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Libraries] {{Wayback|url=http://cdi.uvm.edu/collections/getCollection.xql?pid=manuscripts&title=Medieval%20and%20Renaissance%20Manuscripts |date=20110218052112 }} *[http://www.liturgix.com Eastern Orthodox Christian Liturgy Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.liturgix.com/ |date=20160919171535 }} Liturgy *[http://www.lutheransonline.com/servlet/CpsServlet/dbpage=page&mode=display&gid=20052995655655607101111555&pg=20053264518475013601111555 A Brief Exposition of the Divine Service] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lutheransonline.com/servlet/CpsServlet/dbpage%3Dpage%26mode%3Ddisplay%26gid%3D20052995655655607101111555%26pg%3D20053264518475013601111555 |date=20160310205704 }} {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Category:Ukristo]] [[Category:Liturujia]] 2gaasup0o65wd0cu7els0sh142skal7 0 20634 1589641 1587367 2026-08-20T14:45:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Website | jina = [[Picha:Wikipedia-favicon.png|16px|Favicon of Wikipedia]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili | screenshot = | logo = [[Picha:Wikipedia-logo-v2-sw.svg|140px]] | maelezo ya picha = Logo ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili | kisara = http://sw.wikipedia.org/ | kibiashara = Hapana | mahala = [[Miami, Florida]] | aina = [[Kamusi elezo|Mradi wa Kamusi Elezo ya Interneti]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | watumiaji = {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} watumiaji, {{NUMBEROFADMINS}} wakabidhi tarehe {{Date}} | kujisajiri = Hiari | mmiliki = [[Wikimedia Foundation]] | mwanzo = {{start date and age|df=yes|2003|3|8}} }} '''Wikipedia ya Kiswahili''' (au '''Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili''') ni toleo la [[kamusi elezo]] ya [[Wikipedia]] kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]]. Ilianzishwa [[tarehe]] [[8 Machi]] [[2003]], na tarehe [[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]], [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]], imefikia makala zipatazo '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''', [[idadi]] inayoifanya iwe Wikipedia ya 71 (kati ya 348 zilizo hai) kwa [[hesabu]] ya makala zote. Mwaka [[2019]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili iliangaliwa mara 65,856 kwa siku, [[mwaka]] [[2020]] mara 73,056 na mwaka 2021 (Januari-Oktoba) 83,595 ambayo inakaribia kuwa sawa na mara 3,500 kwa [[saa]]. Mwaka huo kurasa zilizotazamwa zilikuwa 70,419,110, sawa na 192,929 kwa siku na 8,038 kwa saa. Idadi hiyo imezidi kuongezeka kwa kuwa kwenye mwezi Mei 2022 kurasa zetu zilifunguliwa mara 240,641 kwa siku na mnamo Juni 2024 mara 275,415 kwa siku. Karibu [[nusu]] ya wasomaji wetu wako [[Tanzania]], ingawa [[asilimia]] hucheza [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] kwa mwezi. Kwa mfano, mnamo Juni 2022 kurasa zetu zilifunguliwa kutoka Tanzania 40%, [[Kenya]] 17%, [[Marekani]] 13%, [[Uhindi]] 5%, [[Urusi]] na [[Nigeria]] 4%, nchi zote nyingine 17%. Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilikuwa inafunguliwa na 0,01% ya wanaofungua Wikipedia duniani kote mwezi Septemba 2018, ikiwa katika nafasi ya 65 kati ya lugha zote. Takwimu husika zinacheza kirahisi kama, kwa mfano, kutokana na habari zinazotangazwa na [[vyombo vya habari]], watu wengi wanatafuta habari zaidi kwenye [[intaneti]], maana Waswahili walioko Marekani si wengi sana, lakini wana urahisi wa kutumia intaneti, hivyo wanaweza wakawazidi watumiaji wa Tanzania ambako watu wengi bado hawana njia ya kutumia mtandao. Mwezi huohuo, waliofungua Wikipedia nchini Kenya walikuwa 0,10% za wasomaji wote duniani; kumbe nchini Tanzania waliofungua Wikipedia walikuwa 0,04% tu za wasomaji wote duniani. Mnamo Januari mwaka [[2021]] kati ya waliofungua [[Wikipedia]] nchini [[Tanzania]], 14% waliifungua kwa Kiswahili. Kumbe nchini Kenya waliofungua Wikipedia ya Kiswahili walikuwa 4% tu, lakini kuna ongezeko kubwa, kwa sababu mnamo Septemba 2018, waliofungua Wikipedia nchini Kenya walikuwa 0,08% za wasomaji wote duniani; kati yao waliofungua Wikipedia ya Kiswahili walikuwa 1.7%. Kumbe nchini Tanzania waliofungua Wikipedia walikuwa 0,03% za wasomaji wote duniani, lakini kati yao 11.2% waliifungua kwa Kiswahili, asilimia inayozidi kukua kadiri makala zinavyoongezeka na kuwa bora zaidi. == Maendeleo == [[Picha:Mwanzo 1.JPG|thumb|250px|Ukurasa wa "Mwanzo" ulivyokuwa mwaka 2004.]] Mnamo [[Julai]] [[2006]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 1,000 na tarehe [[14 Septemba]] mwaka huohuo ilifikia makala ya 2,000. Mnamo Julai [[2007]] ilifikisha makala 5,000 na tarehe [[26 Septemba]] 2007, 6,000. Tarehe [[21 Aprili]] [[2008]], Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 7,000 na tarehe [[19 Desemba]] 2008 ilifikisha makala 8,000, hasa baada ya kuanzishwa makala nyingi za mbegu za [[kata]] za [[Tanzania]]. Makala za mbegu za kata za Tanzania ziliendelea kuisukuma Wikipedia ya Kiswahili hadi kufikia kiwango cha makala 9,000 tarehe [[2 Februari]] [[2009]] na makala 10,000 tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2009. Ilipofika tarehe [[9 Aprili]] 2009, Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikia kiwango cha makala 11,000 na tarehe [[25 Aprili]] 2009 ilifikia makala 12,000. Mnamo tarehe [[20 Juni]] [[2009]], Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilibadilisha ukurasa wake wa mwanzo katika sura mpya. Mnamo tarehe [[17 Agosti]] 2009 ilifikia makala zipatazo 13,000, na kuendelea kuifanya iwe Wikipedia ya kwanza kwa ukubwa katika Afrika. Haikushia hapo: tarehe [[11 Septemba]] 2009, Wikipedia hii ilifikia makala 14,000 na tarehe [[25 Desemba]] 2009 makala 15,000. [[Picha:Wikipedia 20000 articles.png|80px|right]] Tarehe [[31 Mei]] [[2010]] ilifikia makala 18,000 na tarehe [[21 Agosti]] mwaka huohuo makala 20,000. Tarehe [[28 Oktoba]] [[2011]] ilifikia makala 22,000. Tarehe [[15 Februari]] [[2014]] ilifikia makala 26,000 na tarehe [[28 Oktoba]] mwaka huohuo makala 27,000. Tarehe [[25 Januari]] [[2015]] ilivuka idadi ya makala 28,000, tarehe [[13 Juni]] 2015 ilifikia makala 29,000, tarehe [[22 Septemba]] mwaka huohuo ilifikia makala 30,000 na kuendelea tena. Upande wa maharirio, tarehe [[10 Oktoba]] 2015 yalifikia idadi ya [[milioni]] 1. Tarehe [[10 Novemba]] mwaka huohuo ilivuka makala 31,000 na kupiku [[Wikipedia ya Kiyoruba]]. Tarehe [[13 Februari]] [[2016]] ilivuka idadi ya makala 32,000 na kusonga mbele kiasi cha kufikia 33,000 tarehe [[18 Aprili]] 2016, halafu 34,000 tarehe [[20 Agosti]] 2016 kwa makala [[Kinung]]. Makala juu ya [[James Tate (mwandishi)|James Tate]] iliifanya itimize idadi ya 35,000 tarehe [[12 Januari]] [[2017]]. Mwaka huohuo, tarehe [[20 Mei]] 2017 idadi ya makala ilifikia 36,000, tarehe [[30 Julai]] ilifikia 37,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ziwa Ambussel]], tarehe [[12 Oktoba]] 38,000 kwa makala juu ya [[mto Jubba]] na tarehe [[24 Desemba]] ilifikia 39,000. Tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2018]] mradi wa [[milima]] ulileta makala ya 40,000: [[Nidze]]. Mradi wa [[mito ya Tanzania]] ulisukuma Wikipedia hii kufikia idadi ya makala 41,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Ligunga]] tarehe [[2 Mei]] 2018 na 42,000 kwa ukurasa wa [[mto Jigulu]] tarehe [[21 Mei]]. Mradi wa [[mito ya Kenya]] ulifikisha idadi ya makala kuwa 43,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Kaptarit]] tarehe [[7 Julai]] 2018, kuwa 44,000 tarehe [[30 Julai]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Nyairoko]], kuwa 45,000 tarehe [[12 Agosti]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Ilangi]], kuwa 46,000 tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Wakavi]], tena kuwa 47,000 tarehe [[8 Novemba]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Olkimatare]]. Tarehe [[7 Februari]] [[2019]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya visiwa vya Tanzania|visiwa vya Tanzania]] ulivusha Wikipedia yetu katika elfu ya 48 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[kisiwa cha Musira]]. Tarehe [[23 Machi]] 2019 mradi wa [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda|Mito ya Uganda]] ulivusha Wikipedia yetu katika elfu ya 49 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Wangodugu]], tarehe [[3 Mei]] 2019 uliifikisha katika idadi ya 50,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Ocere]], tarehe [[31 Mei]] uliivusha tena katika elfu ya 51 kwa makala juu ya [[mto Osia]] na tarehe 16 Julai uliifikisha idadi ya 52,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mto Rwoho]]. Tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 2019 mradi kuhusu ugatuzi nchini [[Cote d'Ivoire]] ulizaa makala ya 53,000 kuhusu [[Tarafa ya Tiémélékro]]. Tunawashukuru wachangiaji wetu kutoka nchi hiyo ya [[Afrika Magharibi]]. Tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] 2019 mradi kuhusu [[watakatifu]] wa [[Afrika]] ulifikisha makala za Wikipedia hii katika idadi ya 54,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[wafiadini]] [[Suksesi na wenzake 17]], na tarehe [[13 Desemba]] 2019 [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika|mradi huohuo]] ulifikisha idadi ya makala hadi 55,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Yusto askofu]]. Tarehe [[10 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Makabila ya Uganda]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 56,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Wakumam]]. Tarehe [[17 Machi]] 2020 mradi wa [[wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 57,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Gilmar Rinaldi]]. Kurasa elfu kwa juma moja tu! Tarehe [[3 Aprili]] 2020 mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 58,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Gihororo (Karuzi)]]. Tarehe [[22 Mei]] 2020 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Rwanda]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 59,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mukarange]]. Tarehe [[20 Agosti]] 2020 mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 60,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Rubirizi (Muramvya)]]. Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] 2020 Wikipedia yetu ilitimiza tena idadi hiyo (baada ya makala 907 kufutwa na steward fulani kwa mkupuo mmoja). Ukurasa husika ni juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Andrea Avellino]]. Tarehe [[15 Machi]] [[2021]] tulifikia makala 61,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Agrikola wa Chalon]]. Tarehe [[7 Mei]] 2021 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Italia]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 62,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[San Giovanni Rotondo]]. Tarehe [[8 Juni]] 2021 mradi wa Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha kuhusu viwanja vya michezo ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu hadi kutunga makala ya 63,000 na kusonga mbele haraka. Tarehe [[19 Juni]] 2021 Wikipedia hii ilivuka makala ya 64,000 kutokana na tendo la kurudisha makala 907 lililofanywa na steward aliyekuwa amezifuta kwa mkupuo mmoja mwaka 2020. Tarehe [[5 Julai]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 65,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mwea]] katika mradi wa [[kata]] za [[Kenya]] na tarehe [[14 Agosti]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 66,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Makutano]] katika mradi huohuo. Tarehe [[9 Septemba]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 67,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Nairagie Ngare]] katika mradi wa vijiji vya Kenya. Tarehe [[29 Oktoba]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 68,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chambishi]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Zambia]]. Tarehe [[11 Januari]] [[2022]] Wikipedia hii ilifikia idadi ya 69,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Maroua]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Kamerun]], tarehe [[10 Machi]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 70,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ilesa]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Nigeria]], tarehe [[23 Aprili]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 71,000 kwa makala nyingi za mradi wa [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki|Arusha Editathon Muziki]]. Kazi kubwa ni kuziweka sawa. Tarehe [[14 Mei]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 72,000, tarehe [[6 Juni]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 73,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Frenda]], mji wa [[Algeria]], tarehe [[15 Julai]] 2022 idadi ya 74,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ghuba ya Venezuela]], tarehe [[17 Septemba]] 2022 idadi ya 75,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Kouandé]], [[mji]] wa [[Benin]] na tarehe [[23 Desemba]] 2022 idadi ya 76,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Bouhjar]], [[mji]] wa [[Tunisia]]. Tarehe [[25 Machi]] [[2023]] Wikipedia hii ilifikia idadi ya 77,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chomutov]], [[mji]] wa [[Ucheki]], tarehe [[15 Juni]] [[2023]] idadi ya 78,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Jamil Adam]] katika mradi wa [[Mchezaji|wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]], na tarehe [[9 Desemba]] 2023 idadi ya 79,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chemchem (Unguja)]] katika mradi wa kata mpya za Tanzania. Mwaka [[2024]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imesonga mbele kwa kasi zaidi: tarehe [[21 Aprili]] imekuwa na makala ya 80,000 kuhusu [[mwandamizi]], tarehe [[11 Juni]] imekuwa na makala ya 81,000 kuhusu [[Kufukuzwa kwa Wamoroko kutoka Algeria]], tarehe [[10 Julai]] makala ya 82,000 kuhusu [[pipa]], tarehe [[19 Septemba]] makala ya 83,000 kuhusu [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] [[Jacques Riparelli]], tarehe [[8 Oktoba]] makala ya 84,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jürgen Kühl]], tarehe [[20 Oktoba]] makala ya 85,000 kuhusu [[mtakatifu]] [[Leoniani wa Vienne]], tarehe [[7 Novemba]] makala ya 86,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Juma Ndiwa]], tarehe [[22 Novemba]] makala ya 87,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanakandanda]] [[Nicholas Lindsay]], tarehe [[1 Desemba]] makala ya 88,000 kuhusu mwanakandanda wa kike [[Stephanie Bukovec]], tarehe 9 Desemba makala ya 89,000 kuhusu jimbo la [[Norwei]] [[Vestland]] na tarehe 11 Desemba makala ya 90,000 kuhusu mchezaji [[Jason Hartill]].‎ Mwaka [[2025]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imezidi tena kukua kwa kasi: tarehe [[6 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 91,000 kuhusu mwanasiasa [[Saka Isau]], tarehe [[13 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 92,000 kuhusu [[mwanamuziki]] [[Terry Tufts]], tarehe 22 Januari imefikia makala ya 93,000 inayomhusu mchezaji [[Grant Needham]], tarehe [[31 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 94,000 kuhusu [[askofu]] [[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]], tarehe [[6 Februari]] imekuwa na makala ya 95,000 juu ya [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Perth Rectangular]], tarehe [[18 Februari]] imefikia makala ya 96,000 kuhusu mwimbaji [[Janie Fricke]], tarehe [[25 Februari]] imefikia makala ya 97,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[kardinali]] [[Giulio Bevilacqua]], tarehe [[9 Machi]] imefikia makala ya 98,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu mwimbaji [[Kirsten Price]] na tarehe [[4 Juni]] imefikia makala ya 99,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[wilaya ya Luanshya]] nchini [[Zambia]] na hatimaye tarehe [[23 Juni]] makala ya 100,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Barclayville]].‎ Ni Wikipedia ya Afrika ya nne kukamilisha makala laki moja, siku chache baada ya ile ya Malagasy. Kwa kasi hiyohiyo Wikipedia yetu imepiku mapema toleo hilo la [[Madagaska]] na tarehe 23 Agosti kuwahi nakala ya 101,000 kuhusu [[Dada wa Cooney]]. Tarehe 8 Oktoba imetungwa makala ya 102,000 kuhusu [[Irene Charnley]] na tarehe 8 Desemba makala ya 103,000 kuhusu [[Carlentini]], mji wa [[Sisilia|Sicilia]], [[Italia visiwani]]. Mwaka [[2026]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia kwanza makala ya 104,000 tarehe [[10 Januari]] kuhusu [[filamu]] [[Miss Fatimah]], halafu makala ya 105,000 tarehe [[31 Januari]] kuhusu [[Eliane Rosa Naika]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]], makala ya 106,000 tarehe [[11 Februari]] kuhusu [[Musa Tukur Yakasai]], profesa wa [[Nigeria]], makala ya 107,000 tarehe [[23 Februari]] kuhusu [[Chang Ming-che]], [[mwanataaluma]] wa [[Taiwan]], na makala ya 108,000 tarehe [[18 Machi]] kuhusu [[Wahindi wa Tanzania]]. Tarehe 9 Aprili 2026 limefanyika haririo la 1,500,000 tangu Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kuanzishwa; siku hiyohiyo imepata makala ya 109,000 kuhusu [[Cyprien Mbonimpa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Burundi]]. Halafu tarehe 16 Aprili 2026 imefikia idadi ya makala 110,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Linda Moss]], mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, tarehe 21 Aprili 2026 imewahi kupata makala ya 111,000 kuhusu Janet Nwadiogo Mokelu, mwanasiasa mwingine wa nchi hiyohiyo, na tarehe 28 Aprili 2026 imepata makala ya 112,000 inayohusu [[Silverio Izaguirre]], [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] wa [[Hispania]]. Tarehe 7 Mei 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 113,000 inayohusu [[Jan Eliasberg]] mwongozaji na mwandishi wa filamu, maonyesho ya jukwaa, na televisheni kutoka nchini Marekani. Kisha, tarehe 10 Mei 2026, ilifikisha makala 114,000 kwa kupitia makala ya [[Hellen Linkswiler]] (5 Januari 1912 – 24 Juni 1984), mtaalamu wa lishe na mwanasayansi wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya utafiti kuhusu mahitaji ya madini katika mwili wa binadamu na asidi amino. Mapema tarehe 13 Mei 2026 makala ya 115,000 ilitungwa kuhusu [[Nadia Ginetti]], mwanasiasa wa Italia; tarehe 16 Mei 2026 makala juu ya [[John Brodie (mwanasoka aliyezaliwa 1862)]] imefanya idadi ifikie 116,000; tarehe 19 Mei 2026 iliandikwa makala juu ya wanamuziki [[Modern Talking]] ambayo imekuwa ya 117,000; tarehe 23 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 118,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Tod Lippy]], msanii wa Marekani, na tarehe 26 Mei 2026 imefikia idadi ya 119,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Salih Zaki Bey]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Iraki]]. Kabla ya mwezi huo kwisha, tarehe 30 Mei 2026 ulitungwa ukurasa wa 120,000 juu ya [[Valentin Filatov (mkufunzi wa dubu)]], halafu tarehe 14 Julai 2026 ulitungwa ukurasa wa 121,000 juu ya [[Sadako Pointer]], [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]], tarehe 6 Agosti 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 122,000 juu ya [[Bonnaye Mims]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]], tarehe 12 Agosti ukurasa wa 123,000 juu ya [[Arne Friedrich]], [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Ujerumani]], na tarehe 20 Agosti ukurasa wa 124,000 kuhusu [[historia ya Réunion|historia ya Reunion]]. ==Kati ya Wikipedia za Afrika== Kwa lugha zenye asili ya Afrika na [[visiwa]] vya jirani, Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili ndiyo ya tatu kwa idadi ya makala zote (na ya zile zisizo fupi mno) ikifuatia Wikipedia ya [[Kiarabu cha Misri]] na ile ya [[Kiafrikaans]]. Pia ilikuwa ya kwanza kati ya Wikipedia za [[lugha za Niger-Kongo]] kuvuka kiwango cha makala 1,000. Sasa zilizovuka kiwango hicho zimeongezeka, lakini ya Kiswahili bado inaongoza kisha kuwa ya kwanza kufikia makala 100,000. Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili ilikuwa ya pili katika Afrika nzima kuvuka kiasi cha makala 10,000 baada ya [[Wikipedia ya Kiafrikaans]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901052536/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/27/business/wiki.php ''Building Wikipedia in African languages''], by Noam Cohen, [[:en:International Herald Tribune|International Herald Tribune]], [[27 Agosti]] [[2006]].</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Wikipedia ya Kiafrikaans]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiarabu]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kibulgaria]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kicheki]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kichina]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kidenmark]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiebrania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiesperanto]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiestonia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kifaransa]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kifini]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihaiti]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihispania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiholanzi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihungaria]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiindonesia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiitalia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kijapani]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kijerumani]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza Rahisi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikatala]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikorea]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikroatia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kilingala]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kilithuania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kinorwei]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kipoland]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kireno]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiromania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kirusi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiserbia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kislovakia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kislovene]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiswidi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kituruki]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiukraini]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiwolofu]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiyoruba]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kizulu]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [[mwanzo|Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili]] {{Mawikipedia}} {{Wikipedia za Kiafrika}} [[Jamii:Kiswahili]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia kwa lugha tofauti]] gt7hmurt4enky3fcjjq7nw6pfpmq0xc 0 25788 1589897 1233457 2026-08-21T11:29:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589897 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Galerie_Nice.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Mji wa Nice]] {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Nice |picha_ya_satelite = Nice-night-view-with-blurred-cars 1200x900.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = Ufaransa |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Nice katika Ufaransa |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Ufaransa]] |subdivision_type1 = [[:en:Regions of France|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Orodha ya départements za Ufaransa|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Alpes-Maritimes]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 347060 |latd=43 |latm=42 |lats=12 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=15 |longs=59 |longEW=E |website = [http://www.nice.fr/ www.nice.fr] }} [[Picha:Blason ville fr Nice-Empire.svg|left|80px]] '''Nice''' ni [[mji]] wa [[Ufaransa]] [[kusini]], katika [[mkoa]] wa [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2008]], mji una wakazi wapatao 970,000 wanaoishi katika mji huu. Mji upo [[mita]] 0-520 [[juu ya usawa wa bahari]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya miji ya Ufaransa]] == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * {{en}} & {{fr}} [http://www.investincotedazur.fr/ Team Côte d'Azur The Economic development agency] * {{en}} & {{fr}} [http://www.nicerendezvous.com/ NiceRendezVous official site] * {{en}} & {{fr}} [http://www.nicecarnaval.com/ Nice Carnaval] * {{en}} & {{fr}} [http://mtcn.free.fr/ Dances and traditional musics from Nice] * {{wikivoyage|Nice}} * {{fr}} [http://www.nice.fr/ Nice official site] * [http://www.martinruffe.co.uk/portfolio/pm_cat_Recent_subcat_Promenade%20de%20France/index.aspx Pictures from Nice's Promenade des Anglais] {{Wayback|url=http://www.martinruffe.co.uk/portfolio/pm_cat_Recent_subcat_Promenade%20de%20France/index.aspx |date=20101012015140 }} {{mbegu-jio-Ufaransa}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] [[Jamii:Miji ya pwani ya Mediteranea]] 7e7q4jklv0ciexec16mtvhpbv2fasmj 0 25895 1589735 1232837 2026-08-21T02:40:45Z SpinnerLaserzthe2nd 51273 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Flag of Canton of Unterwalden.svg]] → [[File:CHE Unterwalden Flag.svg]] 1589735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Stanserhorn.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Stanserhorn,Nidwalden, Uswisi]] [[Picha:Karte Lage Kanton Nidwalden 2015.png|thumb|right|260px|Mahali pa Nidwalden katika Uswisi]] [[Picha:CHE Unterwalden Flag.svg|80px|left]] '''Nidwalden''' ni jimbo lililopo nchini [[Uswisi]]. [[Mji mkuu]] wake ni [[Stans]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Majimbo ya Uswisi]] == Viungo vya nje == * {{de}} [http://www.nw.ch/ Tovuti rasmi] {{Majimbo ya Uswisi}} {{mbegu-jio-Uswisi}} [[Jamii:Nidwalden]] [[Jamii:Majimbo ya Uswisi]] 6t45hfh68x4k8jgsu0vvpy105szfkjx 0 35853 1589710 1517545 2026-08-20T21:39:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kupima ubikira''' ni zoezi na mchakato wa ukaguzi wa [[viungo vya uzazi]] ya wasichana na wanawake ili kubainisha ikiwa wao hawajafanya mapenzi. Ina msingi katika dhana ya uongo kwamba [[kizinda]] cha mwanamke inaweza kuharibiwa kama matokeo ya [[ngono]] tu. Kupima ubikira ni zoezi tata sana, hasa kwa sababu ya madhara yake kwa wasichana waliopimwa na kwa sababu si lazima matokeo yawe sahihi. Kunachukuliwa na [[Amnesty International]] kama ukiukaji wa [[haki za binadamu]]<ref name="Amnesty"></ref> na kumepigwa marufuku katika nchi nyingi. ==Sababu za kupima== Kulingana na [[AVERT]], shirika la msaada la [[VVU]] na [[UKIMWI]], kulikuwa na wastani wa watu milioni 22 wanaoishi na VVU katika Afrika [[kusini kwa Sahara]] mwishoni mwa 2007. Kusambaa kwa <ref name="AVERT">[http://www.avert.org/subaadults.htm AVERT,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.avert.org/subaadults.htm |date=20091103094626 }} ilisomwa 13 Mei 2009</ref>VVU/ UKIMWI kumefanya ni muhimu kwa watu kutafuta njia ya kujilinda wao wenyewe na jamii zao. Chifu Naboth Makoni wa Zimbabwe, kiongozi wa watu wake, amechukua kulazimisha kupima ubikira kama njia ya kuwalinda dhidi ya VVU. Alisema mwaka 2004 kwamba analenga wasichana kwa sababu ni rahisi kuwadhibiti kuliko wavulana. <ref name="news from Africa"></ref> Katika Afrika ya Kusini, ambapo kupima ubikira ni marufuku, kabila la [[Wazulu]] linaamini kwamba zoezi hili huzuia kuenea kwa VVU na [[mimba za utotoni]]. <ref name="washington post"></ref> Mwanamke aliyehojiwa na Washington Post alisema kuwa "[kupima ubikira] ni muhimu ili wasichana wadogo wawe na hofu ya wavulana. Kwani kinachoendelea ni mvulana anakunyang'anya ubikira wako kwanza, na kitu unachojua haatimaye ni kuwa wewe ni mjamzito na una VVU. <ref name="washington post"></ref> ==Mchakato wa kupima== Mchakato wa kupima ubikira ni tofauti kulingana na kanda. Katika maeneo ambapo kupata madaktari ni rahisi, kama vile Uturuki kabla ya nchi kupiga marufuku zoezi hili, kupimwa mara nyingi kulifanyika katika ofisi ya daktari. <ref name="Amnesty"></ref> Hata hivyo, katika nchi ambapo madaktari hawapatikani, wapamaji mara nyingi huwa ni wanawake wazee walioheshimika au mtu yeyote anayeweza kuaminiwa kutafuta hymen. <ref name="washington post"></ref> Hii ni kawaida kati ya makabila ya Kiafrika ambayo hufanya zoezi hili. Kutegemeana kama msichana anayepimwa ametangaza ni bikira, matokeo ya mtihani huu yananaweza kuwa furaha au hasira. Katika utamaduni wa Kizulu, kuna mila ambayo wasichana wa umri fulani wanaweza kucheza ngoma kwa mfalme. Hata hivyo, wanawali tu ndio wanaoruhusiwa kushiriki. <ref name="washington post"></ref> Kama ni msichana amepimwa na kutangazwa bikira, yeye huleta heshima kwa familia yake. Kama ni msichana amepatikana si bikira, baba yake huenda kulipa faini kwa 'kuchafua' jamii na msichana anaweza kutengwa kutoka kwa mabikira 'waliothibitishwa'. <ref name="LeClerc-Madlala"></ref> Kwa sababu ambayo matokeo ya kuchukuliwa mchafu huwa kwa wasichana na familia zao, kupima ubikira kuna uwezo wa kuwa tukio la kubadilisha maisha. ==Ubishi== Wasiwasi mkuu wa maafisa wa afya kuhusu upimaji wa ubikira ni kwamba si njia sahihi ya kuamua ubikira. Kwa ujumla, mwanamke au msichana huchukuliwa bikira ikiwa hymen yake haijaharibiwa. Walakini, hymen ya mwanamke inaweza kuvunjwa au kuharibiwa na Masturbation na pia baadhi ya shughuli zisizo za kimapezi, ambazo ni pamoja uendeshaji wa farasi, gymnastics na kazi ya kutumia nguvu. Aidha, kama maumbile mengi ya mwili, mwonekano wa asili wa hymen unatofautiana katika mtu mmoja kwa mwingine, ni hata inawezekana kwa mwanamke kuzaliwa bila hymen. Hivyo, ukosefu wa hymen siyo lazima ni kiashirio kwamba mwanamke si bikira. <ref name="sexinfo"> [http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/article/the-hymen Chuo Kikuu cha California katika Santa Barbara SexInfo - The Hymen,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/article/the-hymen |date=20120311102103 }} ilisomwa 4 Machi 2009.</ref><ref name="sexinfo"/><ref name="news from Africa"> [http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_3746.html Kupima ubikira na VVU Kabla ya Ndoa, kutoka Habari Kutoka Afrika,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_3746.html |date=20070302031417 }} kupima ubikira na VVU Kabla ya Ndoa, kutoka Taarifa Kutoka Afrika. ilisomwa 4 Machi 2009.</ref> Wapinzani wa zoezi la kupima ubikira huliita ukiukaji wa [[haki za binadamu]]. Kwa mfano, [[Amnesty International]] waliorodhesha kupima ubikira kama aina ya [[unyanyasaji dhidi ya wanawake]]. <ref name="Amnesty">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT77/001/2005/en/dom-ACT770012005en.html |title=Amnesty International |accessdate=2010-01-26 |archivedate=2013-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209084141/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT77/001/2005/en/dom-ACT770012005en.html }}</ref> makala hayo pia yalisema kuwa zaidi ya 90% ya madaktari 118 waliohojiwa katika utafiti wa 1999 walisema kuwa upimaji wa ubikira ulikuwa na mateso ya kisaikolojia kwa wagonjwa. Zaidi ya 50% ya madaktari hawa pia walieleza mingi ya mitihani hii hayakutolewa na mgonjwa wa ridhaa na makubaliano. <ref name="Amnesty"></ref> Pia kuna wasiwasi juu ya usafi wakati wa kupima ubikira. Mwanaanthropolojia aliyehudhuria tukio la kupima ubikira katika Durban, Afrika ya Kusini aligundua kwamba mmoja wa wapimaji alitumia jozi ya kinga moja kwa wasichana wote 85. <ref name="LeClerc-Madlala">{{cite journal | last = LeClerc-Madlala | first = Suzanne | title = Virginity Testing: Managing Sexuality in a Maturing HIV/AIDS Epidemic | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-anthropology-quarterly_2001-12_15_4/page/533 | journal = Medical Anthropology Quarterly | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 533–552 | date = 2001 }}</ref> Kwa sababu [[magonjwa]] mengi yanaweza kuenezwa kwa kupitisha ya maji ya mwili kwa njia hii, vipimo hivi vinaweza kuwa na hatari kwa wasichana wanaovipitia Kupima ubikira ni marufuku katika nchi kadhaa. Hata hivyo, marufuku hizo, kama vile katika [[Afrika ya Kusini]], mara nyingi huvunjwa. <ref name="washington post"> [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/25/AR2008092504625_pf.html The Washington Post] ilisomwa 4 Machi 2009</ref> Kupima ubikira kulipigwa marufuku nchini [[Uturuki]] mwaka 1999, baada ya wasichana watano waliotishiwa kupimwa kujaribu kujiua. <ref name="Amnesty"></ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Category:Jinakolojia]] [[Jamii:Jinsia]] mwfbvcrqcuzs329n3cp9b8jllis6bl8 10 75125 1589614 1335768 2026-08-20T13:58:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Amerika Kaskazini | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[Orodha ya nchi na maeneo ya Amerika Kaskazini|Nchi huru na maeneo]] ya [[Amerika Kaskazini]] | imagestyle = padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em; | image = [[File:Location North America.svg|120px|link=North America]] | group1 = [[Nchi huru]] | list1 = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal; | group1 = Kamili | list1 = * [[Antigua na Barbuda]] * [[The Bahamas|Bahamas]] * [[Barbados]] * [[Belize]] * [[Dominica]] * [[Jamhuri ya Dominica|Dominikana]] * [[El Salvador]] * [[Grenada]] * [[Guatemala]] * [[Haiti]] * [[Honduras]] * [[Jamaica]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Kosta Rika]] * [[Kuba]] * [[Marekani]] * [[Meksiko]] * [[Nikaragua]] * [[Panama]] * [[Saint Kitts na Nevis]] * [[Saint Lucia]] * [[St. Vincent na Grenadines]] * [[Trinidad na Tobago]] | group2 = Sehemu | list2 = * [[Colombia]] ** {{smaller|[[San Andrés, Providencia na Santa Catalina|San Andrés y Providencia]]}} * [[Ufaransa]] ** {{smaller|[[Guadeloupe]] ** [[Martinique]]}} * [[Uholanzi]] ** {{smaller|[[Bonaire]] ** [[Saba (kisiwa)|Saba]] ** [[Sint Eustatius]]}} * [[Venezuela]] ** {{smaller|[[Nueva Esparta]] ** [[Visiwa vidogo vya Venezuela]]}} }} <!---group2 omitted to maintain alternating list backgrounds---> | group3 = Maeneo chini ya nchi nyingine | list3 = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal; | group1 = [[Udani]] | list1 = * [[Greenland]] | group2 = [[Ufaransa]] | list2 = * [[Clipperton]] * [[Saint Barthélemy]] * [[Saint Martin]] * [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] | group3 = [[Uholanzi]] | list3 = * [[Aruba]] * [[Korsou]] * [[Sint Maarten]] | group4 = [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | list4 = * [[Anguilla]] * [[Bermuda]] * [[British Virgin Islands]] * [[Cayman Islands]] * [[Montserrat]] * [[Turks and Caicos Islands]] | group5 = [[Marekani]] | list5 = * [[Navassa]] * [[Puerto Rico]] * [[United States Virgin Islands]] }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} [[Jamii:Vigezo vya Amerika]] <!-- Please add meteadata to the <includeonly> section at the bottom of the /doc subpage --> </noinclude> fzr8ed8f8qf92aiil6ein38hre0f38r 0 80905 1589876 1144126 2026-08-21T10:11:08Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing Johansen_Viggo_-_Radosne_Boże_Narodzenie.jpg with [[File:Viggo_Johansen_-_Glade_jul_-_1891.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 1589876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Viggo Johansen - Glade jul - 1891.jpg|thumb|330px|''Glade jul'', [[mchoro]] wa [[Viggo Johansen]] ([[1891]]).]] [[File:Décoration du sapin de Noël.jpg|thumb|330px|[[Msichana]] akipamba mti wa Krismasi, mchoro wa [[mwaka]] [[1898]]: [[Marcel Rieder]] ([[1862]]-[[1942]]).]] '''Mti wa Krismasi''' ni [[mti]] unaopambwa ili kuadhimisha [[Noeli]] (Krismasi). ==Historia== [[Desturi]] hiyo ilianzia katika Ujerumani; kuna ushuhuda kutoka karne ya 15 kuhusu miti ya Krismasi, hasa kutoka sehemu za kusini-magharibi za Ujerumani. Hapo huitwa ''Weihnachtsbaum'' au ''Christbaum'') <!-- not Tannenbaum see http://m.mentalfloss.com/article.php?id=71868 for reference --> <ref name="History.com">{{cite web |title=History of Christmas Trees |url=http://www.history.com/topics/history-of-christmas-trees |publisher=[[History (TV channel)|History]] |accessdate=15 December 2012 }}</ref><ref>Christmas trees were hung in [[St. George's Church, Sélestat]] since 1521:[http://www.selestat.fr/spip_noel/IMG/pdf/histoire_des_decorations_de_l_arbre_de_noel.pdf Selestat.fr - Office de la Culture de Sélestat - The history of the Christmas tree since 1521] {{Wayback|url=http://www.selestat.fr/spip_noel/IMG/pdf/histoire_des_decorations_de_l_arbre_de_noel.pdf |date=20131218150603 }}</ref> Maana yake kiasili ni [[Paradiso|mti wa Paradiso]]. Katika kalenda ya kanisa tarehe 24 Desemba ilikuwa siku ya kukumbuka [[Adamu]] na [[Eva]]. Hivyo ilikuwa kawaida kuwa na [[maigizo]] kanisani yaliyosimulia habari za [[Biblia]] zinazotokea katika masomo ya liturgia ya Krismasi. Mti wa Paradiso unahusiana na masimulizi ya [[dhambi ya asili]] na [[ujumbe]] wa Kristo kama [[Mwokozi]] anayekuja kuondoa [[dhambi]] hiyo. Kutoka maigizo ya [[Kanisa|kanisani]] [[ishara]] ya mti uliopambwa [[matunda]] na vyakula mbalimbali iliingia katika [[nyumba]] za [[Wakristo]] ambako ulipambwa zaidi kwa matunda, [[keki]] tamu na [[pipi]] kwa watoto. Umekuwa mapambo ya nyumbani kwa majira ya Krismasi. Ilienea nje ya Ujerumani katika [[nusu]] ya pili ya [[karne ya 19]], kwanza katika [[tabaka|matabaka]] ya juu.<ref name="Weber-Kellermann">{{cite book |author=Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann |title=Das Weihnachtsfest. Eine Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte der Weihnachtszeit |language=German|trans_title=Christmas: A cultural and social history of Christmastide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1jgAAAAMAAJ&q=%22aus+Deutschland%22 |publisher=Bucher |year=1978 |isbn=3-7658-0273-5 |page=22 |quote={{lang|de|Man kann als sicher annehmen daß die Luzienbräuche gemeinsam mit dem Weinachtsbaum in Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts aus Deutschland über die gesellschaftliche Oberschicht der Herrenhöfe nach Schweden gekommen sind.}} ({{lang-en|One can assume with certainty that traditions of lighting, together with the Christmas tree, crossed from the upper classes to the manor houses, from Germany to Sweden in the 19th century.}}) }}</ref> Katika [[karne ya 18]] ulianza kupambwa kwa [[mshumaa|mishumaa]] ambayo baadaye walibadilishwa na [[taa]] za [[umeme]]. Siku hizi kuna mapambo ya aina nyingi kulingana na [[utamaduni]] wa mahali. Pengine juu ya mti unawekwa [[malaika]] kumwakilisha [[Malaika Gabrieli]], au [[nyota]] kuwakilisha ile iliyongoza [[Mamajusi]] kutoka [[mashariki]]. [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] aliingiza desturi hiyo huko [[Vatikani]] mwaka [[1982]], ingawa kulikuwa na [[upinzani]] fulani. Tangu Krismasi kuwa nafasi muhimu kwa [[uchumi]] kuna pia [[duka|maduka]] mengi yanayoweka miti hii na katika [[mazingira]] ya ki[[biashara]] uhusiano wake na mti wa Paradiso umesahauliwa mara nyingi. ==Chaguo la mti== Katika mazingira ya Ulaya, ambako mti wa Krismasi ulibuniwa, sikukuu inatokea wakati wa [[majira ya baridi]]. Hapo miti karibu yote inapotewa na majani yao na kukauka. Ni miti ya aina ya [[msonobari|misonobari]] pekee inayoendelea kuwa na majani na kupatikana kama miti mibichi wakati wa [[baridi]]. Kwa hiyo ni misonobari, [[msprusi|misprusi]] hasa, iliyotumiwa tangu mwanzo kama miti ya Krismasi, mwanzoni [[msprusi wa Norwei]] lakini sikuhizi spishi nyingine pia. Katika nchi kadhaa za Ulaya na [[Marekani]] misonobari hupandwa kwenye [[Shamba|mashamba]] maalumu na kukatwa kabla ya Krismasi kwa matumizi ya majira ya Krismasi. Katika miaka ya nyuma desturi ya kuweka miti ya Krismasi kama mapambo kwenye nyumba, mitaa na [[Duka|maduka]] imeenea katika nchi nyingi hata pasipo Wakristo. Siku hizi miti bandia ya Krismasi hutengenezwa kwa [[plastiki]] na kutumiwa hasa pasipo misonobari au pia katika mazingira ya mjini ambako [[misitu]] iko mbali. Miti bandia inaweza kupunguza hatari ya [[moto]] zinazotokea kila mwaka nyumbani wakati wa sikukuu. ==Picha== <gallery mode="packed" heights="150" caption="Miti bandia ya Krismasi"> Picha:Fiber-optic Christmas tree.jpg|Mti bandia uliopambwa kwa mianga ya [[elektroniki]] ya nyuzi Picha:Christmas tree and presents outside Astir Beach, Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, Christmas 2009.jpg|[[Athens]], [[Ugiriki]] Picha:White christmas tree.jpg|Mti bandia mweupe Picha:Arbol Navidad 02.jpg|Mto bandia nchini [[Hispania]] Picha:Chrismon tree stalbans oviedo fl.jpg|Mti bandia katika [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Anglikana]] la Mt. Alban, [[Oviedo, Florida]] Picha:Aluminum christmas tree4.jpg|Mti wa [[alumini]] Picha:Y Christmas Tree 2.jpg|Mti wenye mapambo mengi </gallery> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Christmas tree}} {{Catholic Encyclopedia poster|Christmas}} * {{dmoz|Business/Agriculture_and_Forestry/Horticulture/Ornamentals/Trees_and_Shrubs/Christmas_Trees|Christmas trees}} {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Jamii:Krismasi]] d55rk0xf4oe0sz7lk12613twbgz0147 0 128036 1589680 1472638 2026-08-20T19:05:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Filter-steps-loillierbe.gif|thumb|414x414px|Kichujio kwenye orodha.]] Katika [[utarakilishi]] na [[lugha ya programu]], '''kichujio''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''filter'') ni [[Namba tegemezi|fomula saidizi]] inayoamrisha orodha ili kuumbwa [[muundo]] wa [[data]] mpya.<ref name="BritannicaFilter">Encyclopaedia Britannica (2024). "Filter". Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. https://www.britannica.com/technology/filter</ref><ref name="ScienceDirect2024">ScienceDirect (2024). "Filtration – Overview and Applications". https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/filtration</ref><ref name="WHO-WaterFilter">World Health Organization (2023). *Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage: Filtration Methods*. WHO Publications. https://www.who.int</ref><ref name="EPA-AirFilters">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2024). "Air Filters and Indoor Air Quality". https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq</ref><ref name="IEEEFilters">IEEE (2023). "Electrical Filter Fundamentals". Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org</ref><ref name="MechanicalEngineeringTextbook">Khurmi, R.S. & Gupta, J.K. (2022). *A Textbook of Mechanical Engineering*. Eurasia Publishing House. (Sura ya Filtration Systems).</ref><ref name="WaterTreatmentHandbook">Degremont (2024). *Water Treatment Handbook*. Suez Group. (Sehemu ya Filtration Technologies).</ref><ref name="AirFilterStandardsISO">ISO (2023). *ISO 16890: Air Filter for General Ventilation – Testing and Classification*. International Organization for Standardization.</ref><ref name="EnvironmentalScienceJournal">Environmental Science Journal (2022). "Advances in Membrane Filtration Technology". https://www.environmentalsciencejournal.com {{Wayback|url=https://www.environmentalsciencejournal.com/ |date=20211229043037 }}</ref> == Mfano == Kwa [[Python (Lugha ya programu)|Python]] mfano wa kichujio ni<ref>https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_func_filter.asp</ref> :<syntaxhighlight lang="python3"> # Orodha wa herufi herufi = ['a', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'i', 'j', 'o'] # fomula saidizi inayochuja vokali def chujaVokali(herufi): vokali = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'] if(vokali in herufi): return True else: return False chujwaVokali = filter(chujaVokali, herufi) print('Vokali zichujwa ni:') for vokali in chujwaVokali: print(vokali) </syntaxhighlight> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{tech-stub}} [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] [[Jamii:Lugha za programu]] fd9t2z1h5f3ied73j2v3p076rfiuzc2 0 133073 1589638 1570885 2026-08-20T14:41:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jinai''' ni kitendo kinachofanywa na [[Binadamu|mtu]] ambacho ni kinyume sana na [[sheria]] za [[nchi]] au eneo. Kwa hiyo jinai inafafanuliwa na [[sheria]] inayotaja matendo maalum kuwa vile<ref>[https://sheriakiganjani.co.tz/page.php?key=226<nowiki> Nini maana ya jinai?], tovuti ya Sheria Kiganjani, inayotolewa na Tanganyika Law Society</nowiki></ref>. Matendo yanayotajwa kama jinai hutazamwa kuwa hatari kwa [[amani]] katika [[jamii]] na pia kuvunja [[haki]] za watu. Kwa hiyo katika mifumo ya sheria ya kisasa [[dola]] linalenga kulinda amani na haki kwa kutunga sheria zinazokataza jinai. Kwa hiyo si kazi ya mtu aliyepata madhara kufuatilia jinai, bali ni kazi ya dola.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://sheriakiganjani.co.tz/uploads/97731-jinai.pdf |title=Wakili Manace Ndoroma: Kosa la jinai, maelezo na ufafanuzi |accessdate=2021-02-21 |archive-date=2021-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921201828/https://sheriakiganjani.co.tz/uploads/97731-jinai.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwa kawaida tendo fulani linahitaji kutendwa pamoja na nia ya kuvunja sheria ili kutajwa kama jinai. Hata hivyo, pia matendo maalum yanayotendwa "kwa namna ya kutokuwa mwangalifu au kupuuza kwa kiasi cha kuhatarisha maisha ya binadamu au kusababisha dhara kwa mtu mwingine yeyote"<ref>Kanuni ya Adhabu Tanzania (Penal Code , Chapter 16 of the Laws (revised), Jinai kwa kutojali na kupuuza, ss. 233.</ref> yanaweza kuangaliwa kama jinai. Ilhali kila jinai inavunja sheria, siyo kila uvunjaji wa sheria unahesabiwa kama jinai. Kuvunja sheria za [[biashara]] na [[Mkataba|mikataba]] baina ya watu inaweza kufuatiliwa kwa [[kesi]] za madai mbele ya [[mahakama]], lakini mara nyingi hazifuatiliwi mara moja na vyombo vya dola. Kutokea kwa jinai kunahitaji kuthibitishwa na mahakama au [[jaji]] anayeangalia mashtaka dhidi ya mtu na kutoa [[hukumu]] ambako hatia fulani kulingana na sheria inathibitishwa au kukataliwa. Kama mkosaji anahukumiwa kuwa na hatia, jaji ataamua kuhusu [[adhabu]] yake. Sheria za jinai hutaja adhabu maalumu kwa kila aina ya kosa, ilhali jaji kwa kawaida ana chaguo fulani kuamulia kiwango cha adhabu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} ==Kujisomea== * Attenborough, F.L. (ed. and trans.) (1922). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142907/http://www.ilabdatabase.com/member/detail.php3?custnr=&membernr=1661&ordernr=42311 ''The Laws of the Earliest English Kings'']. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. Reprint March 2006. [http://www.lawbookexchange.com/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.lawbookexchange.com/ |date=20210224205326 }} The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lawbookexchange.com/ |date=20210224205326 }} ISBN 1-58477-583-1 * Blythe, James M. (1992). ''Ideal Government and the Mixed Constitution in the Middle Ages''. Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]]. ISBN 0-691-03167-3 * Cohen, Stanley (1985). ''Visions of Social Control: Crime, Punishment, and Classification''. Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-0021-2 * [[Michel Foucault|Foucault, Michel]] (1975). ''Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison'', New York: Random House. * Garoupa, Nuno & Klerman, Daniel. (2002). "Optimal Law Enforcement with a Rent-Seeking Government". ''American Law and Economics Review'' Vol. 4, No. 1. pp.&nbsp;116–140. * Hart, H.L.A. (1972). ''Law, Liberty and Morality''. Stanford: [[Stanford University Press]]. ISBN 0-8047-0154-7 * Hitchins, Peter. ''[[A Brief History of Crime]]'' (2003) 2nd edition was issued as ''he Abolition of Liberty: The Decline of Order and Justice in England'' (2004) * Kalifa, Dominique. ''Vice, Crime, and Poverty: How the Western Imagination Invented the Underworld'' (Columbia University Press, 2019) * Kern, Fritz. (1948). ''Kingship and Law in the Middle Ages''. Reprint edition (1985), Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. * Kramer, Samuel Noah. (1971). ''The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character''. Chicago: [[University of Chicago]]. ISBN 0-226-45238-7 * Maine, Henry Sumner. (1861). ''Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society, and Its Relation to Modern Ideas''. Reprint edition (1986). Tucson: [[University of Arizona Press]]. ISBN 0-8165-1006-7 * Oppenheim, A. Leo (and Reiner, Erica as editor). (1964). ''Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization''. Revised edition (September 15, 1977). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-63187-7 * Pennington, Kenneth. (1993). ''The Prince and the Law, 1200–1600: Sovereignty and Rights in the Western Legal Tradition''. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. ISBN 0-520-07995-7 * Polinsky, A. Mitchell. (1980). "Private versus Public Enforcement of Fines". ''The Journal of Legal Studies'', Vol. IX, No. 1, (January), pp.&nbsp;105–127. * Polinsky, A. Mitchell & Shavell, Steven. (1997). ''[https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/6259.html On the Disutility and Discounting of Imprisonment and the Theory of Deterrence]'', NBER Working Papers 6259, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. * Skaist, Aaron Jacob. (1994). ''The Old Babylonian Loan Contract: Its History and Geography''. [[Ramat Gan]], [[Israeli|Israel]]: [[Bar-Ilan University]] Press. ISBN 965-226-161-0 * [http://www.cliothemis.com/Atrocitas-enormitas-Esquisse-pour {{Wayback|url=http://www.cliothemis.com/Atrocitas-enormitas-Esquisse-pour |date=20150208092207 }} Théry, Julien. (2011). "Atrocitas/enormitas. Esquisse pour une histoire de la catégorie de 'crime énorme' du Moyen Âge à l'époque moderne", Clio@Themis, Revue électronique d'histoire du droit, n. 4] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cliothemis.com/Atrocitas-enormitas-Esquisse-pour |date=20150208092207 }} * Tierney, Brian. (1979). ''Church Law and Constitutional Thought in the Middle Ages''. London: Variorum Reprints. ISBN 0-86078-036-8 * {{Rejea kitabu | last= Tierney | first= Brian | author-link= Brian Tierney (medievalist) | title= The Crisis of Church and State, 1050–1300: with selected documents | url= https://archive.org/details/crisisofchurchst0000tier_j3c7 | edition= Reprint | orig-year= 1964 | year= 1988 | publisher= [[University of Toronto Press]] | location= Toronto | isbn= 978-0-8020-6701-2 }} * Vinogradoff, Paul. (1909). ''Roman Law in Medieval Europe''. Reprint edition (2004). Kessinger Publishing Co. ISBN 1-4179-4909-0 {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Sheria]] [[jamii:Makosa ya jinai]] p64xpwamigzod9l8bif4qc2t07p6jns 0 146412 1589725 1518631 2026-08-21T01:04:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marilyn ('Lyn') Ossome''' ni msomi, aliyebobea katika [[nadharia]] ya kisiasa na [[uchumi]] wa kisiasa wa [[ufeministi]]. Kwa sasa ni Mshiriki Mwandamizi wa [[Utafiti]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Johannesburg]] na mjumbe wa bodi ya ushauri ya Mpango Mkakati wa [[Mwanamke|Wanawake]] katika [[Pembe ya Afrika]], miongoni mwa sifa nyingine. Yeye ni mjumbe wa bodi ya wahariri ya ''Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy'',Anahudumu katika kamati tendaji ya Baraza la Maendeleo ya Utafiti wa Sayansi ya Jamii Afrika (CODESRIA).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=CODESRIA: About Us|url=https://codesria.org/spip.php?article2936|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-02-16|archivedate=2022-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302220758/https://codesria.org/spip.php?article2936}}</ref> Ndiye mwandishi wa ''Jinsia, Ukabila na Unyanyasaji katika Mpito wa Kenya hadi Demokrasia: Majimbo ya Vurugu.''<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Ossome|first=Lyn|title=Gender, Ethnicity, and Violence in Kenya's Transitions to Democracy: States of Violence|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2018|isbn=978-1-4985-5830-3}}</ref> == Wasifu == Lyn Ossome alizaliwa na kukulia [[Kenya]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=ROAPE|date=2019-11-07|title=Talking Back: mazungumzo na Lyn Ossome|url=https://roape.net/2019/11/07/talking-back-a-conversation-with-lyn-ossome/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=ROAPE|language=en-US|accessdate=2022-02-16|archivedate=2022-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626072453/https://roape.net/2019/11/07/talking-back-a-conversation-with-lyn-ossome/}}</ref> Ana [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] ya [[Uzamivu]] katika Masomo ya Siasa kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]], [[Johannesburg]].Kuanzia [[2016]] hadi 2021 alikuwa Mtafiti Mwandamizi katika [[Taasisi]] ya Utafiti wa Kijamii ya Makerere, katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] huko [[Uganda]].A naelezea mbinu yake ya kitaaluma kama 'aina ya mwanaharakati-usomi'. == Kazi == Utafiti wa Ossome unaangazia hasa kazi ya kijinsia, historia ya utetezi wa haki za wanawake na [[unyanyasaji wa kijinsia]], pamoja na masomo ya [[kilimo]] na ardhi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Lyn Ossome|url=https://www.plaas.org.za /nelga/nelga-2021/prof-lyn-ossome/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Plaas|language=en-US}}</ref> Kazi yake kuhusu ufeministi inajumuisha makala kuhusu wanawake wakimbizi wa Kiarabu.Vyombo vya habari vya Kenya na mazungumzo ya kupinga [[ubakaji]],<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Ossome|first=Lyn|date=2013|title=Locating Kenyan Media in Anti-Rape Discourse: A Feminist Critique|url=https://codesria.org/spip.php?action=api_docrestreint&arg=0/0/pdf/6-amr_vol_21_1_2_2013_ossome.pdf|journal=Africa Media Review|volume=21|pages=109–133|access-date=2022-05-15|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022145757/https://codesria.org/spip.php?action=api_docrestreint&arg=0%2F0%2Fpdf%2F6-amr_vol_21_1_2_2013_ossome.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> na harakati za kilimo barani Afrika. Kitabu chake cha [[2018]] kiitwacho ''Jinsia, Ukabila na Vurugu katika Mabadiliko ya Kenya kwa Demokrasia: Nchi za Vurugu'' kilikagua 'mchakato wa demokrasia na unyanyasaji wa kingono/kijinsia uliozingatiwa dhidi ya wanawake wakati wa kuandaa uchaguzi nchini Kenya'.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Ossome|first=Lyn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYtSDwAAQBAJ|title=Gender, Ethnicity, and Violence in Kenya's Transitions to Democracy: States of Violence|date=[[2018-04-02]]|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-1-4985-5831-0|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo [[2021]], alihariri pamoja juzuu ''Labour Questions in the Global South''.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9789813346345|title=Labour Questions in the Global South|date=2021|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-981-334-634-5|editor-last=Jha|editor-first=Praveen|language=en|editor-last2=Chambati|editor-first2=Walter|editor-last3=Ossome|editor-first3=Lyn}}</ref> Yeye ni mjumbe wa bodi ya wahariri wa ''Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy'',<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Our Journal – Agrarian South|url=https://www.agrariansouth.org/our-journal/|access-date=2021-10-22|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022145759/https://www.agrariansouth.org/our-journal/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na anahudumu katika bodi ya ushauri ya [[Ufeministi]] [[Afrika]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Feminist Africa - Editorial Advisory Board|url=https://feministafrica.net/feminist-africa-editorial-advisory-board/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Feminist Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 2016, Ossome alikuwa mwanazuoni mgeni katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Chiao Tung huko [[Taiwan]]. Alikuwa pia akitembelea Profesa wa Urais katika Mafunzo ya Wanawake, Jinsia na Ujinsia katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Yale]] kuanzia 2016-17.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=WGSS Yakaribisha Mafunzo ya Kitivo cha Kutembelea 2016 {{!}} Mafunzo ya Wanawake, Jinsia na Mapenzi| url=https://wgss.yale.edu/news/wgss-welcomes-visiting-faculty-fall-2016|access-date=2021-10-22|website=wgss.yale.edu}}</ref> Ossome anahudumu katika bodi ya Chama cha Kimataifa cha Uchumi wa Wanawake (IAFFE), na kamati tendaji ya Baraza la Maendeleo ya Sayansi ya Jamii. Utafiti katika Afrika (CODESRIA).<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Kenya]] i8471x6nnshjdfd4j7deipwkxr9sn2l 0 149289 1589651 1515962 2026-08-20T15:46:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josiah Makoela''' (anajulikana kama '''Josiah De Disciple''', amezaliwa 3 Julai 1991 <ref name=":12">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-03-03 |title=Josiah De Disciple Biography, Music, JazziDisciples, Girlfriend, Net Worth |url=https://savannanews.com/josiah-de-disciple-biography-music-jazzidisciples-girlfriend-net-worth/ |access-date=2022-01-31 |website=Savanna News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131234702/https://savannanews.com/josiah-de-disciple-biography-music-jazzidisciples-girlfriend-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>) ni DJ na mtayarishaji wa rekodi wa [[Afrika Kusini]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa staili ya [[Amapiano]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Josiah De Disciple|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/josiah-de-disciple|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2021|website=www.musicinafrica.net}}</ref> Josiah alikuwa kati ya ma-DJ wawili waanzilishi wa staili ya [[Amapiano]] JazziDisciples pamoja na [[Mr JazziQ]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-02-19|title=JazziDisciples Has Decided to Drop Separate Solo Projects.|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/jazzidisciples-have-decided-to-drop-separate-solo-projects/|access-date=2022-01-27|website=Online Youth Magazine {{!}} Zkhiphani.com|language=en-US}}</ref> hata hivyo wawili hao waligawanyika mwaka 2018 ili kuangazia taaluma zao za muziki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-03-15|title=Why did JazziDisciples split?|url=https://justnje.com/why-did-jazzidisciples-split/|website=JustNje|language=en-US|accessdate=2022-04-28|archivedate=2022-04-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412175719/https://justnje.com/why-did-jazzidisciples-split/}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-03-03 |title=Josiah De Disciple Biography, Music, JazziDisciples, Girlfriend, Net Worth |url=https://savannanews.com/josiah-de-disciple-biography-music-jazzidisciples-girlfriend-net-worth/ |access-date=2022-01-31 |website=Savanna News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131234702/https://savannanews.com/josiah-de-disciple-biography-music-jazzidisciples-girlfriend-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baada ya kuachana na DJ mwenzake Kwa wakati huo ''JazziDisciples'', alitoa albamu ya studio yake iliyokuwa ikitarajiwa sana inayoitwa ''Spirits of Makoela, Vol. 2: The Reintroduction'', albamu hiyo ilithibitishwa na kutolewa baada ya Albamu ya [[Mr JazziQ]] ''Party with the English'', ambayo ilisababisha ulinganisho kati ya watayarishaji wa rekodi hizo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=It’s JazziQ Vs. Josiah De Disciple |url=https://zalebs.com/drama/it-s-jazziq-vs-josiah-de-disciple |website=ZAlebs |language=en |accessdate=2022-04-28 |archivedate=2022-06-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629225955/https://zalebs.com/drama/it-s-jazziq-vs-josiah-de-disciple }}</ref> Wimbo wake wa ''Mama'' na ''Boohle'' kutoka katika albamu yao shirikishi ya ''Umbuso Wabam'nyama'' uliidhinishwa na Sekta ya Kurekodi ya Afrika Kusini (RiSA) na kupewa [[Music recording certification|Gold]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Certifications 2022 |url=https://www.risa.org.za/website/certification/certifications/?page=2 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=www.risa.org.za}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 11ki36s5t1uwl4mwy7en32jrgtcwivk 0 149479 1589705 1517369 2026-08-20T20:53:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kofi Jamar.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Kofi Jamar]] '''Derrick Osei Kuffour Prempeh''' (maarufu kama '''Kofi Jamar''') ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Ghana]] kutoka [[Kumasi]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archivedate=2022-03-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195253/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 }}</ref><ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/emerging-ghana-kofi-jamar</ref><ref>https://profileability.com/kofi-jamar/#.YnAtEdpBzIU</ref>.Anajulikana zaidi kwa [[wimbo]] wake maarufu wa Ekorso ambao uliibuka kutoka kwa [[Mitindo|mtindo]] wa Kumerica/Asaaka na anashirikisha Yaw Tog na YPee. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/aug/04/it-has-our-energy-our-story-asakaa-ghanas-vibrant-drill-rap-scene</ref> <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kofi-Jamar-s-Ekorso-most-popular-song-in-2020-not-Money-Gloria-Sarfo-1161295</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://grmdaily.com/7-hard-ghanaian-drill-artists-you-need-to-know/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624134116/https://grmdaily.com/7-hard-ghanaian-drill-artists-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mnamo [[2021]], alishinda uteuzi 7 katika [[Tuzo]] za [[Muziki|Muzik]]<nowiki/>i za za Ghana lakini kwa bahati mbaya hakushinda.<ref>https://yen.com.gh/186075-from-pallbearer-security-man-bagging-7-vgma-nominations-rapper-kofi-jamar-shares-grass-grace-story.html</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Jamar anatoka Bantama katika Mkoa wa [[Ufalme wa Ashanti|Ashanti]] nchini Ghana. Alihudhuria [[Shule]] ya Maandalizi ya Betheli pamoja na rapa mwenzake [[Amerado (mwanamuziki)|Amerado]].<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/emerging-ghana-kofi-jamar</ref> == Muziki == Jamar alijikusanyia wafuasi wengi wa nyumbani alipochanganya upya wimbo wa Yemi Alade "Johnny" na mmoja wa rappers katika jiji lake aitwaye "Obey". Wimbo huu kwa haraka Rose ulifanikiwa kibiashara kote Kumasi, bila matangazo ya redio au usaidizi wowote wa kifedha. Huko na alipopata wafuasi wengi, alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa wasanii wa kutumainiwa katika ukanda wa Ashanti kuvuma, lakini kwa bahati mbaya kwa kukosa msaada wa kifedha, mwaka ulikimbia bila kukidhi matarajio. Ilikuwa ni mwaka wa [[2018]] ambapo aliwasiliana na lebo yake, (Gadone Records) ya rekodi ya Virginia ya Ghana ambayo ilionyesha kuvutiwa sana na sanaa yake. Hivi sasa na mipango inaendelea ya kutolewa kwa mradi wake mkubwa wa kwanza tangu aingie kwenye lebo. Jamar anasalia kama kitendo kipya cha kuahidi kuchukua nchi kwa dhoruba na anafanya kazi bila kuchoka na wakuu wa lebo ili kuchukua nafasi nzuri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-07-23 |archivedate=2022-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705200733/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 }}</ref> == Matamasha == -Alitumbuiza katika Tamasha la 17 la Ghana katika Tamasha la Park UK.<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/patrons-enjoy-thrilling-performances-at-16th-ghana-party-in-the-park-uk/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://gpitp.com/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518225952/https://gpitp.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-Darkoo-steals-show-at-Ghana-Party-in-the-Park-1317109 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archivedate=2022-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502195159/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-Darkoo-steals-show-at-Ghana-Party-in-the-Park-1317109 }}</ref> -Alitumbuiza katika Tuzo za Muziki za Ghana [[Uingereza]] mnamo Oktoba [[2021]].<ref>https://citinewsroom.com/2021/09/over-20-top-musicians-billed-to-perform-at-kab-fam-ghana-music-awards-uk/</ref> ==Nyimbo zake== <ref>https://mdundo.com/a/232809</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ghana]] a8ayvqvjmpbfb3b760yiirjwstsuou2 1589708 1589705 2026-08-20T21:16:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kofi Jamar.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Kofi Jamar]] '''Derrick Osei Kuffour Prempeh''' (maarufu kama '''Kofi Jamar''') ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Ghana]] kutoka [[Kumasi]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archivedate=2022-03-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331195253/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 }}</ref><ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/emerging-ghana-kofi-jamar</ref><ref>https://profileability.com/kofi-jamar/#.YnAtEdpBzIU</ref>.Anajulikana zaidi kwa [[wimbo]] wake maarufu wa Ekorso ambao uliibuka kutoka kwa [[Mitindo|mtindo]] wa Kumerica/Asaaka na anashirikisha Yaw Tog na YPee. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/aug/04/it-has-our-energy-our-story-asakaa-ghanas-vibrant-drill-rap-scene</ref> <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kofi-Jamar-s-Ekorso-most-popular-song-in-2020-not-Money-Gloria-Sarfo-1161295</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://grmdaily.com/7-hard-ghanaian-drill-artists-you-need-to-know/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624134116/https://grmdaily.com/7-hard-ghanaian-drill-artists-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mnamo [[2021]], alishinda uteuzi 7 katika [[Tuzo]] za [[Muziki|Muzik]]<nowiki/>i za za Ghana lakini kwa bahati mbaya hakushinda.<ref>https://yen.com.gh/186075-from-pallbearer-security-man-bagging-7-vgma-nominations-rapper-kofi-jamar-shares-grass-grace-story.html</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Jamar anatoka Bantama katika Mkoa wa [[Ufalme wa Ashanti|Ashanti]] nchini Ghana. Alihudhuria [[Shule]] ya Maandalizi ya Betheli pamoja na rapa mwenzake [[Amerado (mwanamuziki)|Amerado]].<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/emerging-ghana-kofi-jamar</ref> == Muziki == Jamar alijikusanyia wafuasi wengi wa nyumbani alipochanganya upya wimbo wa Yemi Alade "Johnny" na mmoja wa rappers katika jiji lake aitwaye "Obey". Wimbo huu kwa haraka Rose ulifanikiwa kibiashara kote Kumasi, bila matangazo ya redio au usaidizi wowote wa kifedha. Huko na alipopata wafuasi wengi, alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa wasanii wa kutumainiwa katika ukanda wa Ashanti kuvuma, lakini kwa bahati mbaya kwa kukosa msaada wa kifedha, mwaka ulikimbia bila kukidhi matarajio. Ilikuwa ni mwaka wa [[2018]] ambapo aliwasiliana na lebo yake, (Gadone Records) ya rekodi ya Virginia ya Ghana ambayo ilionyesha kuvutiwa sana na sanaa yake. Hivi sasa na mipango inaendelea ya kutolewa kwa mradi wake mkubwa wa kwanza tangu aingie kwenye lebo. Jamar anasalia kama kitendo kipya cha kuahidi kuchukua nchi kwa dhoruba na anafanya kazi bila kuchoka na wakuu wa lebo ili kuchukua nafasi nzuri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-07-23 |archivedate=2022-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705200733/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Jamar-4885 }}</ref> == Matamasha == -Alitumbuiza katika Tamasha la 17 la Ghana katika Tamasha la Park UK.<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/patrons-enjoy-thrilling-performances-at-16th-ghana-party-in-the-park-uk/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://gpitp.com/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518225952/https://gpitp.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-Darkoo-steals-show-at-Ghana-Party-in-the-Park-1317109 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archivedate=2022-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502195159/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkodie-Darkoo-steals-show-at-Ghana-Party-in-the-Park-1317109 }}</ref> -Alitumbuiza katika Tuzo za Muziki za Ghana [[Uingereza]] mnamo Oktoba [[2021]].<ref>https://citinewsroom.com/2021/09/over-20-top-musicians-billed-to-perform-at-kab-fam-ghana-music-awards-uk/</ref> ==Nyimbo zake== <ref>https://mdundo.com/a/232809</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ghana]] 5km9ccyb9bf5m91gvmp19364fdychv5 0 160778 1589587 1575674 2026-08-20T12:08:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ira Brad Matetsky at WikiConference North America 2023.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Ira Brad Matetsky]] '''Ira Brad Matetsky''' (alizaliwa 1962)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ira Brad Matetsky Profile {{!}} New York, NY Lawyer {{!}} Martindale.com|url=https://www.martindale.com/attorney/ira-brad-matetsky-503388/|work=www.martindale.com|accessdate=2022-10-04}}</ref> ni mwanasheria na Mwanawikipedia wa [[Marekani]]. Matetsky amekuwa mwanasheria tangu 1987. Amekuwa [[mshirika]] katika Ganfer Shore Leeds & Zauderer, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ganfer Shore Leeds & Zauderer – Focus. Clarity. Insight.|url=https://ganfershore.com/|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004103904/https://ganfershore.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> kampuni ya madai ya biashara ya New York City na kampuni ya sheria ya mali isiyohamishika, tangu 2004, akifanya kazi katika vikundi vyao vya mazoezi ya kesi na makazi yao ya ushirika na ya Majengo ya nyumba za kupangisha. Kabla ya kujiunga na Ganfer & Shore, Matetsky alikuwa wakili wa kesi katika [[Skadden]], [[Arps]], [[Slate]], [[Meagher & Flom]], ambapo alihudumu kama [[mshauri mkuu]] katika [[Goya Foods, Inc]]. Matetsky ni [[mhariri mkuu]] wa ''The Journal of In. -Chambers Practice'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ira Brad Matetsky – Ganfer Shore Leeds & Zauderer|url=https://ganfershore.com/attorneys/ira-brad-matetsky/|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004103904/https://ganfershore.com/attorneys/ira-brad-matetsky/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JICP home|url=http://journaloflaw.us/10%20JICP/JICP_home.html|work=journaloflaw.us|accessdate=2022-10-04|archive-date=2025-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812013955/http://journaloflaw.us/10%20JICP/JICP_home.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> na mhariri wa ''Green Bag Almanac & Reader'' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Almanac Excerpts|url=http://journaloflaw.us/8%20Almanac%20Excerpts/Almanac%20Excerpts.html|work=journaloflaw.us|accessdate=2022-10-04|archive-date=2025-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814032431/http://journaloflaw.us/8%20Almanac%20Excerpts/Almanac%20Excerpts.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>http://greenbag.org/green_bag_press/almanacs/almanac_2012_excerpts.pdf</ref>na ''Baker Street Almanac''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BSA Home|url=http://greenbag.org/almanacs/BS/2020.html|work=greenbag.org|accessdate=2022-10-04}}</ref> Matetsky ametajwa kama mtaalamu wa sheria na vyanzo vya habari ikiwa ni pamoja na [[CNBC]], [[Vanity Fair|''Vanity Fair'']], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', na ''[[The National Law Journal]]''.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2017/09/14/martin-shkrelis-out-of-court-antics-could-guarantee-him-a-longer-prison-sentence-experts-say/?noredirect=on</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Here's what the charges against Manafort and Gates mean|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/30/heres-what-the-charges-against-manafort-and-gates-mean.html|work=CNBC|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en|author=Michael Sheetz}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Why Sessions’s Move Against Clinton Could Be a Set-Up|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/11/why-sessionss-move-against-clinton-could-be-a-set-up|work=Vanity Fair|date=2017-11-14|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en-US|author=Condé Nast}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Why Sessions’s Move Against Clinton Could Be a Set-Up|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/11/why-sessionss-move-against-clinton-could-be-a-set-up|work=Vanity Fair|date=2017-11-14|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en-US|author=Condé Nast}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title='In Chambers' Supreme Court Opinions Get Rare Nod in Gerrymandering Ruling|url=https://www.law.com/nationallawjournal/2018/06/20/in-chambers-supreme-court-opinions-get-rare-nod-in-gerrymandering-ruling/|work=National Law Journal|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en}}</ref> Matetsky amekuwa mwanablogu mgeni wa blogu ya [[Eugene Volokh]] [[The Volokh Conspiracy.]] <ref>{{Citation|title=The Volokh Conspiracy|date=2022-09-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Volokh_Conspiracy&oldid=1112947568|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref> Alipokuwa akifanya kazi katika Ganfer & Shore, Matetsky alimwakilisha [[Morris Talansky]], akifungua kesi dhidi ya kampuni ya satelaiti ya [[Israeli|Israeli]] ya [[ImageSat International]] kwa niaba yao mwaka wa 2007. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=https://www.nysun.com/|url=https://www.nysun.com/|work=The New York Sun|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en}}</ref> Kesi hiyo ilitupiliwa mbali mwaka uliofuata. <ref>{{Citation|title=McClatchy|date=2022-08-08|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McClatchy&oldid=1103078492|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref> Matetsky alianza kuhariri Wikipedia mwaka wa 2005 chini ya jina la mtumiaji ''Newyorkbrad'', kusahihisha makosa ya kweli kuhusu - aliyefariki hivi majuzi - ukurasa wa Wikipedia wa [[William Rehnquist]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ira Matetsky ’84 Helps Settle Disputes Among Wikipedia Editors|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/ira-matetsky-84-helps-settle-disputes-among-wikipedia-editors|work=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=2018-06-13|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en}}</ref> Matetsky alihudumu katika Kamati ya Usuluhishi ya [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza]] kuanzia 2008 hadi 2014, na alijiunga tena mwaka wa 2017, <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ira Matetsky ’84 Helps Settle Disputes Among Wikipedia Editors|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/ira-matetsky-84-helps-settle-disputes-among-wikipedia-editors|work=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=2018-06-13|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en}}</ref> na kumfanya kuwa mwanachama aliyehudumu kwa muda mrefu zaidi katika Kamati hiyo.<ref name=":0" /> Kufikia mwaka wa 2016, Matetsky pia anahudumu kama "werowance" (au rais) wa [[Wolfe Pack]], shirika la mashabiki wa mpelelezi maarufu wa kubuni wa [[Rex Stout]], [[Nero Wolfe]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fans of detective Nero Wolfe coming to St. Paul to see their hero on stage|url=https://www.twincities.com/2014/06/01/fans-of-detective-nero-wolfe-coming-to-st-paul-to-see-their-hero-on-stage/|work=Twin Cities|date=2014-06-01|accessdate=2022-10-04|language=en-US|author=Chris Hewitt {{!}} Pioneer Press}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dRzDQAAQBAJ|title=Sherlock Holmes Mystery Magazine #21|last=Doyle|first=Arthur Conan|last2=Opperman|first2=Meg|date=2016-11-07|publisher=Wildside Press LLC|isbn=978-1-4794-2429-0|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 2015, Matetsky alihariri ''The Last Drive and Other Stories'', mkusanyo wa kazi ya kwanza kabisa ya Stout iliyochapishwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Last Drive and Other Stories by Rex Stout - Mysterious Press|url=https://mysteriouspress.com/products/available-in-paperback/the-last-drive-and-other-stories-by-rex-stout.asp|work=mysteriouspress.com|accessdate=2022-10-04|archive-date=2022-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004103859/https://mysteriouspress.com/products/available-in-paperback/the-last-drive-and-other-stories-by-rex-stout.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:watu wa Wikipedia]] [[Jamii:USWCHSS]] [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:USLW DOM]] 8mcp4vxyfo4znapp6n7t3pal025aqw7 0 161127 1589590 1412011 2026-08-20T12:45:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jack Dorsey 2014.jpg|thumb|Jack Dorsey]] '''Jack Patrick Dorsey''' (amezaliwa [[Novemba 19]], [[1976]]) ni mjasiriamali wa mtandao, mtayarishaji programu, na mfadhili wa [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani wa [[Twitter|Twitter, Inc]]., na pia mwanzilishi na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Block, Inc., kampuni ya malipo ya kifedha.<ref>{{Citation|last=Lord|first=Debbie|title=Who is Jack Dorsey, co-founder of Twitter, Square?|url=https://www.ajc.com/news/national/who-jack-dorsey-founder-twitter-square/a1Xbw34yAUSVRfjjMXZpdI/|work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|language=English|issn=1539-7459|access-date=2022-10-26|last2=Desk|first2=Cox Media Group National Content|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027033042/https://www.ajc.com/news/national/who-jack-dorsey-founder-twitter-square/a1Xbw34yAUSVRfjjMXZpdI/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{Commons category}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dorsey, Jack Patrick}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:mabingwa wa kompyuta wa Marekani]] k52n1ivc6dhrsmd1anz2bdm0notrx60 0 165574 1589889 1521868 2026-08-21T10:41:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589889 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Narciso orellana seleccionado el salvador.jpg|thumb|Picha yake.]] '''Narciso Oswaldo Orellana Guzmán''' (amezaliwa 28 Januari [[1995]]) ni [[Mpira wa miguu|mchezaji wa kandanda]] wa [[El Salvador]] ambaye anacheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] wa klabu ya Primera División Alianza na timu ya taifa ya El Salvador. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico|title=Narciso Orellana, la sorpresa ante México|first=La Prensa|author=Gráfica|work=La Prensa Gráfica|accessdate=2023-03-12|archive-date=2017-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801054655/http://www.laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGráfica">Gráfica, La Prensa. [http://laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico "Narciso Orellana, la sorpresa ante México"] {{Wayback|url=http://laprensagrafica.com/2017/07/10/narciso-orellana-la-sorpresa-ante-mexico |date=20170801054655 }}. ''La Prensa Gráfica''.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.elsalvador.com/deportes/selecciones/376240/narciso-orellana-creo-que-hicimos-un-buen-trabajo/|title=Narciso Orellana: "Creo que hicimos un buen trabajo" - elsalvador.com|date=20 July 2017|publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.elsalvador.com/deportes/selecciones/376240/narciso-orellana-creo-que-hicimos-un-buen-trabajo/ "Narciso Orellana: "Creo que hicimos un buen trabajo" - elsalvador.com"]. 20 July 2017.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html|title=Narciso Orellana podría salir del Alianza: tiene ofertas en la MLS|publisher=|accessdate=2023-03-12|archive-date=2020-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034634/https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html "Narciso Orellana podría salir del Alianza: tiene ofertas en la MLS"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.elgrafico.com/futbol/Narciso-Orellana-podria-salir-del-Alianza-tiene-ofertas-en-la-MLS-20171217-0027.html |date=20201109034634 }}.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.edhdeportes.com/articulo/selecta/narciso-orellana-sabiamos-que-habia-una-plaza-para-los-panamericanos-15963|title=Deportes - elsalvador.com|work=www.edhdeportes.com|accessdate=2023-03-12|archive-date=2017-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325201533/http://www.edhdeportes.com/articulo/selecta/narciso-orellana-sabiamos-que-habia-una-plaza-para-los-panamericanos-15963|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.edhdeportes.com/articulo/selecta/narciso-orellana-sabiamos-que-habia-una-plaza-para-los-panamericanos-15963 "Deportes - elsalvador.com"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.edhdeportes.com/articulo/selecta/narciso-orellana-sabiamos-que-habia-una-plaza-para-los-panamericanos-15963 |date=20170325201533 }}. ''www.edhdeportes.com''.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana|title=Hay ofertas por Narciso Orellana|first=El|author=Gráfico|publisher=|accessdate=2023-03-12|archivedate=2017-08-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801040754/http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGráfico">Gráfico, El. [http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana "Hay ofertas por Narciso Orellana"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elgrafico.com/2015/05/23/hay-ofertas-por-narciso-orellana |date=20170801040754 }}.</cite></ref> ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira wa El Salvador]] 0zocmptl430i3k97yj4y2ll4bgxrscz 0 178149 1589812 1522954 2026-08-21T08:11:12Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing OpenAI_Logo.svg with [[File:OpenAI_wordmark_2017.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) · The current title is ambiguous because it 1589812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dot-com company|company_name='''OpenAI inc'''|company_logo=[[File:OpenAI wordmark 2017.svg|frameless|alt=Nembo ya OpenAI]]|industry=Teknolojia ya habari|key_people=Bret Taylor (Mwenyekiti), Sam Altman (Mkurugenzi). Greg Brockman (Rais), Ilya, Sutskever (Mkurugenzi mipango), Mira Murati (Mkurugenzi teknolojia)|launch_date={{Start date and age|2015|12|11}}|owner=[[Microsoft]] (49%)|location=[[San Francisco, California]] [[Marekani]]|revenue=Dola za marekani bilioni 1.6 (2023) <ref>https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-annualized-revenue-tops-16-billion-information-2023-12-30/</ref>|net_income=Dola za marekani bilioni 86 (2023) <ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-11-27/openai-is-still-an-86-billion-nonprofit</ref>|num_employees=201-500 (2023) <ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/openai</ref>|products=GPT-1, GPT-2, GPT-3, GPT-4, [[ChatGPT]], DALL·E, OpenAI Five, OpenAI Codex|homepage=https://openai.com/}} '''OpenAI''' ni kampuni ya Marekani inayofanya tafiti na utoaji huduma wa [[akili bandia]]. Ilianzishwa na kundi la wajasiriamali, wawekezaji, na watafiti mashuhuri mnamo Desemba 2015. Lengo kuu la kampuni hii ni kuhakikisha [[akili bandia ya jumla]] (akili bandia yenye uwezo wa kiakili mkubwa kuliko binadamu) inawanufanisha binadamu wote kwa ujumla, kuzuia hatari zinazotishia uwepo wa binadamu pamoja na matumizi mengine mabaya. Kampuni inajiendesha kama "shirika la faida iliyopunguzwa" (kiingereza ''capped-profit entity''), kwa kuzuia kiasi cha faida kinachopata kwenye bidhaa na huduma zake huku ikiongozwa na shirika baba lisilo la kifaida linalosimamia na kuongoza malengo na shughuli zake <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Understanding the Concept: OpenAI's Capped Profit Model|url=https://www.upstock.io/post/understanding-the-concept-openai-capped-profit-model|work=www.upstock.io|accessdate=2024-01-12|language=en|archive-date=2024-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112120208/https://www.upstock.io/post/understanding-the-concept-openai-capped-profit-model|url-status=dead}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=OpenAI LP|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp|work=openai.com|accessdate=2024-01-12|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What is unusual about OpenAI's board structure and how does it differ from for-profit entities?|url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-unusual-about-OpenAIs-board-structure-and-how-does-it-differ-from-for-profit-entities|work=Quora|accessdate=2024-01-12|language=en}}</ref> OpenAI inasifika kwa tafiti zake zilizovunja rekodi kwenye akili bandia haswa kwenye tawi la [[usindikaji wa lugha ya asili]], maono ya kompyuta (kiingereza: ''computer vision'') na mafunzo ya kujiimarisha (kiingereza: ''reinforcement learning''). Baadhi ya bidhaa zao zilizopata umaarufu zaidi ni [[roboti la mazungumzo]] la [[ChatGPT]], mfumo wa [[akili bandia ya kuzalisha]] picha ya DALL·E, na OpenAI Codex, mfumo wa kuandika [[Msimbo chanzo|misimbo chanzo]] ya [[kompyuta]] ya kiwango cha juu kwa kutumia maelekezo ya [[lugha asilia]]. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:kampuni za Marekani]] 442v8sobr8i4lflvbhvna39y86qkfw0 0 179018 1589820 1521239 2026-08-21T08:33:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Mwendelezo wa biashara''' unaweza kufafanuliwa kama "uwezo wa shirika kuendeleza utoaji wa bidhaa au huduma katika viwango vilivyokubalika vilivyobainishwa mapema kufuatia tukio la kutatiza", <ref>BCI Good Practice Guidelines 2013, quoted in [[Mid Sussex District Council]], [https://www.midsussex.gov.uk/media/1838/mid-sussex-business-continuity-plan.pdf Business Continuity Policy Statement] {{Wayback|url=https://www.midsussex.gov.uk/media/1838/mid-sussex-business-continuity-plan.pdf|date=20220120142034}}, published April 2018, accessed 19 February 2021</ref> na '''upangaji mwendelezo wa biashara''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|work=[[American Bar]].org (American Bar Association)|url=https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/events/disaster/surviving_a_disaster_a_lawyers_guide_to_disaster_planning.authcheckdam.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/events/disaster/surviving_a_disaster_a_lawyers_guide_to_disaster_planning.authcheckdam.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|date=2011|title=Surviving a Disaster}}</ref> (au '''mwendelezo wa biashara na resiliency planning''' ) ni mchakato wa kuunda mifumo ya kuzuia na kupona ili kukabiliana na vitisho vinavyoweza kutokea kwa kampuni. <ref>Elliot, D.; Swartz, E.; Herbane, B. (1999) Just waiting for the next big bang: business continuity planning in the UK finance sector. Journal of Applied Management Studies, Vol. 8, No, pp. 43–60. Here: p. 48.</ref> Mbali na kuzuia, lengo ni kuwezesha shughuli zinazoendelea kabla na wakati wa utekelezaji wa uokoaji wa maafa . Mwendelezo wa biashara ni matokeo yaliyokusudiwa ya utekelezaji sahihi wa mipango ya mwendelezo wa biashara na uokoaji wa maafa. Viwango kadhaa vya mwendelezo wa biashara vimechapishwa na mashirika mbalimbali ya viwango ili kusaidia katika mwelekezo wa kuorodhesha majukumu yanayoendelea ya kupanga. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Business Continuity Plan|publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security|url=https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/continuity|accessdate=4 October 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207233700/https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/continuity}}</ref> Upinzani wa shirika kushindwa ni "uwezo ... wa kuhimili mabadiliko katika mazingira yake na bado kufanya kazi". <ref name="auto">{{Rejea jarida|last=Ian McCarthy|last2=Mark Collard|last3=Michael Johnson|year=2017|title=Adaptive organizational resilience: an evolutionary perspective|journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability|volume=28|pages=33–40|bibcode=2017COES...28...33M|doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2017.07.005}}</ref> Mara nyingi huitwa ustahimilivu, ni uwezo unaowezesha mashirika ama kustahimili mabadiliko ya mazingira bila kulazimika kuzoea kabisa, au shirika linalazimika kurekebisha njia mpya ya kufanya kazi ambayo inafaa zaidi hali mpya ya mazingira. <ref name="auto" /> == Muhtasari == Tukio lolote linaloweza kuathiri vibaya utendakazi linapaswa kujumuishwa katika mpango, kama vile kukatizwa kwa ugavi, kupoteza au uharibifu wa miundombinu muhimu (mashine kuu au rasilimali ya kompyuta/mtandao). Kwa hivyo, BCP ni kitengo kidogo cha udhibiti wa hatari . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://flevy.com/blog/business-continuity-planning/|title=Business Continuity Planning|author=Intrieri|first=Charles|date=10 September 2013|publisher=Flevy|accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref> Nchini Marekani, taasisi za serikali hurejelea mchakato huo kama ''mwendelezo wa upangaji shughuli'' (COOP). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/national-preparedness/continuity|title=Continuity Resources and Technical Assistance &#124; FEMA.gov|work=www.fema.gov}}</ref> Mpango wa mwendelezo wa biashara <ref name="D.BCP">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.aig.co.uk/content/dam/aig/emea/united-kingdom/documents/property-insights/business-continuity-planning-guidelines-for-preparation-of-your-plan.pdf|title=A Guide to the preparation of a Business Continuity Plan|accessdate=2019-02-08|archivedate=2019-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125238/https://www.aig.co.uk/content/dam/aig/emea/united-kingdom/documents/property-insights/business-continuity-planning-guidelines-for-preparation-of-your-plan.pdf}}</ref> unaonyesha aina mbalimbali za matukio ya maafa na hatua ambazo biashara itachukua katika hali yoyote mahususi ili kurudi kwenye biashara ya kawaida. BCP zimeandikwa kabla ya wakati na pia zinaweza kujumuisha tahadhari za kuwekwa. Kwa kawaida huundwa kwa mchango wa wafanyakazi wakuu pamoja na washikadau, BCP ni seti ya dharura ili kupunguza madhara yanayoweza kutokea kwa biashara wakati wa hali mbaya. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Business Continuity Planning (BCP) for Businesses of all Sizes|url=http://www.williamadvisorygroup.com/business-continuity-planning-bcp-for-businesses-of-all-sizes/|date=19 April 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424090047/http://www.williamadvisorygroup.com/business-continuity-planning-bcp-for-businesses-of-all-sizes/|archivedate=24 April 2017}}</ref> === Ustahimilivu === Uchambuzi wa 2005 wa jinsi usumbufu unavyoweza kuathiri vibaya utendakazi wa mashirika na jinsi uwekezaji katika uthabiti unaweza kutoa faida ya ushindani dhidi ya huluki ambazo hazijatayarishwa kwa dharura mbalimbali <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://resilient-enterprise.mit.edu|title=The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Enterprise|last=Yossi Sheffi|date=October 2005|publisher=MIT Press|author-link=Yossi Sheffi}}</ref> kupanua mazoea ya kupanga na kuendeleza wa biashara wakati huo. Mashirika ya biashara kama vile Baraza la Ushindani yalikubali lengo muhimu hili la uthabiti. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.compete.org/publications/detail/31/the-resilient-economy-integrating-competitiveness-and-security|title=Transform. The Resilient Economy|accessdate=2019-02-04|archivedate=2013-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022142939/http://www.compete.org/publications/detail/31/the-resilient-economy-integrating-competitiveness-and-security/}}</ref> Kujirekebisha ili kubadilika kwa njia inayoonekana kuwa ya polepole, zaidi ya mageuzi - wakati mwingine kwa miaka mingi au miongo mingi - kumeelezewa kuwa kustahimili zaidi, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newsday.com/2.811/jamie-herzlich/small-business-a-good-plan-shields-from-storm-clouds-1.1322137?firstfree=yes|title=Newsday &#124; Long Island's & NYC's News Source &#124; Newsday}}</ref> na neno "ustahimilivu wa kimkakati" sasa linatumiwa kwenda zaidi ya kupinga shida ya mara moja, lakini badala ya kuendelea kutazamia na kurekebisha, "kabla kesi ya mabadiliko haijawa dhahiri kabisa". Mbinu hii wakati mwingine hufupishwa kama: kujiandaa, <ref>{{Cite conference|title=Business Continuity Preparedness and the Mindfulness State of Mind|date=2007}}</ref> ulinzi, mwitikio na ahueni. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.isms.online/iso-27001/annex-a-17-information-security-aspects-of-business-continuity-management/|title=Annex A.17: Information Security Aspects of Business Continuity Management|publisher=ISMS.online|date=November 2021}}</ref> Nadharia ya Ustahimilivu inaweza kuhusishwa na uwanja wa Mahusiano ya Umma. Ustahimilivu ni mchakato wa mawasiliano unaoundwa na raia, familia, mfumo wa vyombo vya habari, mashirika na serikali kupitia mazungumzo ya kila siku na mazungumzo ya upatanishi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322693327|title=Communication and resilience: concluding thoughts and key issues for future research|work=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> Nadharia hiyo inatokana na kazi ya Patrice M. Buzzanell, profesa katika Shule ya Mawasiliano ya Brian Lamb katika Chuo Kikuu cha Purdue . Katika makala yake ya 2010, "Ustahimilivu: Kuzungumza, Kupinga, na Kuwazia Kaida Mpya Kuwa" <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Buzzanell|first=Patrice M.|date=2010|title=Resilience: Talking, Resisting, and Imagining New Normalcies Into Being|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-communication_2010-03_60_1/page/1|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=60|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01469.x|issn=1460-2466}}</ref> Buzzanell alijadili uwezo wa mashirika kustawi baada ya kuwa na mgogoro kupitia upinzani wa kujenga. Buzzanell anabainisha kuwa kuna michakato mitano tofauti ambayo watu hutumia wanapojaribu kudumisha uthabiti- kuunda hali ya kawaida, kuthibitisha nanga za utambulisho, kudumisha na kutumia mitandao ya mawasiliano, kuweka mantiki mbadala kufanya kazi na kupunguza hisia hasi huku wakitangulia hisia chanya. Wakati wa kuangalia nadharia ya ujasiri, nadharia ya mawasiliano ya mgogoro ni sawa, lakini sio sawa. Nadharia ya mawasiliano ya mgogoro inategemea sifa ya kampuni, lakini nadharia ya ujasiri inategemea mchakato wa kurejesha kampuni. Kuna vipengele vitano vikuu vya uthabiti: kuunda hali ya kawaida, kuthibitisha viunga vya utambulisho, kudumisha na kutumia mitandao ya mawasiliano, kuweka mantiki mbadala kufanya kazi, na kupunguza hisia hasi huku kukitanguliza hisia hasi. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Buzzanell|first=Patrice M.|date=March 2010|title=Resilience: Talking, Resisting, and Imagining New Normalcies Into Being|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-communication_2010-03_60_1/page/1|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=60|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01469.x|issn=0021-9916}}</ref> Kila moja ya michakato hii inaweza kutumika kwa biashara katika nyakati za shida, na kufanya ustahimilivu kuwa jambo muhimu kwa kampuni kuzingatia wakati wa mafunzo. Kuna makundi makuu matatu ambayo yanaathiriwa na mgogoro wa kibiashara. Wao ni [[wiktionary:micro|ndogo]] (mtu binafsi), [[wiktionary:meso|meso]] (kundi au shirika) na [[wiktionary:macro|macro]] (kitaifa au interorganizational). Pia kuna aina mbili kuu za ustahimilivu, ambazo ni ushupavu na ustahimilivu wa baada. Ustahimilivu wa vitendo ni kujiandaa kwa shida na kuunda msingi thabiti wa kampuni. Ustahimilivu wa posta ni pamoja na kuendelea kudumisha mawasiliano na kuingia na wafanyikazi. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Buzzanell|first=Patrice M.|date=2018-01-02|title=Organizing resilience as adaptive-transformational tensions|journal=Journal of Applied Communication Research|volume=46|issue=1|pages=14–18|doi=10.1080/00909882.2018.1426711|issn=0090-9882}}</ref> Uthabiti wa haraka ni kushughulikia masuala yaliyopo kabla ya kusababisha mabadiliko yanayoweza kutokea katika mazingira ya kazi na uthabiti wa baada ya kudumisha mawasiliano na kukubali mabadiliko baada ya tukio kutokea. Ustahimilivu unaweza kutumika kwa shirika lolote. Nchini New Zealand, mpango wa Mashirika Yanayostahimilivu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Canterbury ulitengeneza zana ya kutathmini ili kuashiria Ustahimilivu wa Mashirika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.resorgs.org.nz|date=March 22, 2011|title=Resilient Organisations}}</ref> Inashughulikia kategoria 11, kila moja ikiwa na maswali 5 hadi 7. ''Uwiano wa Ustahimilivu'' unatoa muhtasari wa tathmini hii. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://resiliencei.com/resilience-diagnostic|title=Resilience Diagnostic|date=November 28, 2017|accessdate=2024-03-06|archive-date=2024-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311104042/https://resiliencei.com/resilience-diagnostic|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Mwendelezo === Mipango na taratibu hutumika katika upangaji mwendelezo wa biashara ili kuhakikisha kuwa shughuli muhimu za shirika zinazohitajika ili shirika liendelee kuendeshwa zinaendelea kufanya kazi wakati wa matukio wakati utegemezi muhimu wa shughuli unatatizwa. Mwendelezo hauhitaji kutumika kwa kila shughuli ambayo shirika hufanya. Kwa mfano, chini ya ISO 22301:2019, mashirika yanatakiwa kufafanua malengo yao ya mwendelezo wa biashara, viwango vya chini vya utendakazi wa bidhaa na huduma ambavyo vitachukuliwa kuwa vinakubalika na kipindi cha juu cha usumbufu kinachoweza kuvumiliwa (MTPD) ambacho kinaweza kuruhusiwa. <ref>ISO, [https://www.bsigroup.com/globalassets/Documents/iso-22301/resources/iso-22301-implementation-guide-2016.pdf ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management: Your implementation guide] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bsigroup.com/globalassets/Documents/iso-22301/resources/iso-22301-implementation-guide-2016.pdf |date=20231002105729 }}, published, accessed 20 February 2021</ref> Gharama kubwa katika kupanga kwa hili ni maandalizi ya nyaraka za usimamizi wa kufuata ukaguzi; zana za otomatiki zinapatikana ili kupunguza muda na gharama inayohusishwa na kutengeneza taarifa hii kwa mikono. == Malipo == Wapangaji lazima wawe na habari kuhusu: * Vifaa * Wasambazaji na wasambazaji * Maeneo, ikiwa ni pamoja na ofisi zingine na tovuti za kuhifadhi /kurejesha eneo la kazi (WAR). * Hati na hati, ikijumuisha ambazo zina nakala za chelezo nje ya tovuti: <ref name="D.BCP"/> ** Nyaraka za biashara ** Nyaraka za utaratibu == Uchambuzi == Awamu ya uchambuzi ni pamoja na: * Uchambuzi wa athari * Uchambuzi wa hatari na hatari * Matukio ya athari Ukadiriaji wa uwiano wa hasara lazima pia ujumuishe "dola za kutetea kesi." <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.jcrcny.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/EmergencyManual.2.0.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.jcrcny.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/EmergencyManual.2.0.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|title=Emergency Planning}}</ref> Imekadiriwa kuwa dola inayotumika katika kuzuia hasara inaweza kuzuia "dola saba za hasara ya kiuchumi inayohusiana na maafa." <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|work=RI.gov|title=Can your Organization survive a natural disaster?|url=http://www.riema.ri.gov/berhodyready/files/Session_1_Business%20Continuity.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.riema.ri.gov/berhodyready/files/Session_1_Business%20Continuity.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|author=Helen Clark|date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> === Uchambuzi wa athari za biashara (BIA) === Uchanganuzi wa athari za biashara (BIA) hutofautisha kazi/shughuli muhimu (za dharura) na zisizo muhimu (zisizo za dharura). Shughuli inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa muhimu ikiwa inaamriwa na sheria. Kila kazi/shughuli kwa kawaida hutegemea mseto wa vijenzi vya msingi ili kufanya kazi: * Rasilimali watu (wafanyakazi wa wakati wote, wafanyikazi wa muda, au wakandarasi) * Mifumo ya IT * Mali halisi (simu za rununu, kompyuta za mkononi/vituo vya kazi n.k.) * Nyaraka (za kielektroniki au kimwili) Kwa kila chaguo la kukokotoa, maadili mawili yamepewa: * Lengo la hatua ya urejeshaji (RPO) - muda unaokubalika wa data ambayo haitarejeshwa. Kwa mfano, je, inakubalika kwa kampuni kupoteza siku 2 za data? <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=May|first=Richard|title=Finding RPO and RTO|url=http://www.virtualdcs.co.uk/blog/business-continuity-planning-rpo-and-rto.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224604/http://www.virtualdcs.co.uk/blog/business-continuity-planning-rpo-and-rto.html|archivedate=2016-03-03}}</ref> Lengo la hatua ya urejeshaji lazima lihakikishe kuwa upotevu wa data unaoweza kuvumilika kwa kila shughuli haupitiwi. * Lengo la muda wa kurejesha (RTO)&nbsp;- muda unaokubalika wa kurejesha utendaji ==== Upeo wa juu wa RTO ==== Vizuizi vya juu zaidi vya muda ambao bidhaa au huduma muhimu za biashara zinaweza kukosa kupatikana au kutowasilishwa kabla ya washikadau kuona matokeo yasiyokubalika yametajwa kama: *   (MTPoD) * Maximum tolerable downtime (MTD) * Maximum tolerable outage (MTO) * Maximum acceptable outage (MAO)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maximum Acceptable Outage (Definition)|url=http://www.riskythinking.com/glossary/maximum_acceptable_outage.php|accessdate=4 October 2018|work=riskythinking.com|publisher=Albion Research Ltd.}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BIA Instructions, BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT - WORKSHOP|url=http://www.driecentral.org/biainstructions.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.driecentral.org/biainstructions.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|work=driecentral.org|accessdate=4 October 2018|publisher=Disaster Recovery Information Exchange (DRIE) Central}}</ref> Kulingana na ISO 22301 masharti ''ya kukatika kwa kiwango cha juu kinachokubalika'' na ''kipindi cha juu kinachoweza kuvumiliwa cha usumbufu'' yanamaanisha kitu kimoja na yanafafanuliwa kwa kutumia maneno yale yale. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Plain English ISO 22301 2012 Business Continuity Definitions|url=http://www.praxiom.com/iso-22301-definitions.htm|work=praxiom.com|publisher=Praxiom Research Group LTD.|accessdate=4 October 2018|archivedate=2020-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513143048/https://praxiom.com/iso-22301-definitions.htm}}</ref> ==== Uthabiti ==== Ikiwa mifumo mingi itashindwa kufanya kazi, mipango ya urejeshaji lazima ipate uwiano kati ya hitaji la uthabiti wa data na malengo mengine kama vile RTO (Malengo ya Muda wa Urejeshaji) na RPO (Malengo ya Hatua ya Urejeshaji). <ref name="OpsBLog.Consistency">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.opscentre.com/blog/2016/03/22/recovery-consistency-objective|title=The Rise and Rise of the Recovery Consistency Objective|accessdate=September 9, 2019|date=2016-03-22|archivedate=2020-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926060225/https://www.opscentre.com/blog/2016/03/22/recovery-consistency-objective/}}</ref> Lengo la Uthabiti wa Urejeshaji (RCO) linashughulikia tatizo hili. Inatumia malengo ya uthabiti wa data kufafanua kipimo cha uthabiti wa data ya biashara iliyosambazwa katika mifumo iliyounganishwa baada ya tukio la maafa. Maneno mengine yanayotumika katika muktadha huu ni "Sifa za Urejeshaji wa Uthabiti" (RCC) na "Uzito wa Kitu cha Kurejesha" (ROG). (ROG). <ref>"How to evaluate a recovery management solution." West World Productions, 2006 </ref> Ingawa RTO (Malengo ya Muda wa Urejeshaji) na RPO (Malengo ya Hatua ya Urejeshaji) zinaonyeshwa kama thamani kamili kwa kila mfumo, RCO (Lengo la Uthabiti wa Urejeshaji) hutofautiana. RCO inaonyeshwa kama asilimia inayopima mkengeuko kati ya hali halisi ya data ya biashara na hali inayolengwa baada ya tukio la kushindwa. Hii inatumika kwa mifumo ya vikundi vya mchakato au michakato ya biashara ya mtu binafsi. Kwa maneno mengine, RTO na RPO huzingatia muda na kiasi cha data kinachopotea wakati wa kushindwa kwa mfumo. RCO inazingatia uthabiti wa data baada ya mfumo kurejeshwa. Lengo ni kurejesha data katika hali yake halisi kabla ya kushindwa kutokea. Fomula ifuatayo inakokotoa RCO na "n" inayowakilisha idadi ya michakato ya biashara na "huluki" inayowakilisha thamani dhahania ya data ya biashara: <math>\text{RCO} = 1 - \frac{(\text{number of inconsistent entities})_n}{(\text{number of entities})_n}</math> 100% RCO ina maana kwamba baada ya kurejesha, hakuna kupotoka kwa data ya biashara hutokea. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Josh Krischer|title=Six Myths About Business Continuity Management and Disaster Recovery|publisher=Gartner Research|url=http://www.gartner.com/it/content/868800/868812/six_myths_about_bcm.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.gartner.com/it/content/868800/868812/six_myths_about_bcm.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09}}</ref> === Uchambuzi wa hatari na vikwazo (TRA) === Baada ya kufafanua mahitaji ya uokoaji, kila tishio linalowezekana linaweza kuhitaji hatua za kipekee za uokoaji. Vitisho vya kawaida ni pamoja na:   Maeneo yaliyo hapo juu yanaweza kuteleza: Wanaojibu wanaweza kujikwaa. Huenda vifaa vikaisha. Wakati wa mlipuko wa SARS wa 2002-2003, mashirika mengine yaligawanya timu na kuzunguka ili kuendana na kipindi cha incubation cha ugonjwa huo. Pia walipiga marufuku mawasiliano ya ana kwa ana wakati wa saa za biashara na zisizo za kazi. Hii iliongeza ustahimilivu dhidi ya tishio. === Matukio ya athari === Matukio ya athari yanatambuliwa na kurekodiwa: * mahitaji ya vifaa vya matibabu * haja ya chaguzi za usafiri <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/8333/1/JORS_Barbarosoglu_Arda_2004.pdf%26hl=en%26sa=X%26scisig=AAGBfm0xx_ynzP503rz-gtdgZVSN_h-m7w%26nossl=1%26oi=scholarr|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/8333/1/JORS_Barbarosoglu_Arda_2004.pdf%26hl=en%26sa=X%26scisig=AAGBfm0xx_ynzP503rz-gtdgZVSN_h-m7w%26nossl=1%26oi=scholarr|archivedate=2022-10-09|title=transportation planning in disaster recovery|work=SCHOLAR.google.com}}</ref> * athari za raia za majanga ya nyuklia <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/report/2004/hsc-planning-scenarios-jul04_exec-sum.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/report/2004/hsc-planning-scenarios-jul04_exec-sum.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|title=PLANNING SCENARIOS Executive Summaries}}</ref> * hitaji la biashara na vifaa vya usindikaji wa data == Viwango vya maandalizi == Ngazi saba za SHARE za kupona maafa <ref>developed by SHARE's Technical Steering Committee, working with IBM</ref> iliyotolewa mwaka wa 1992, zilisasishwa mwaka wa 2012 na IBM kama modeli ya daraja nane: <ref name="IBM.2012">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://share.confex.com/share/118/webprogram/Handout/Session10387/Session%2010387%20Business%20Continuity%20Soloution%20Selection%20Methodology%2003-7-2012.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://share.confex.com/share/118/webprogram/Handout/Session10387/Session%2010387%20Business%20Continuity%20Soloution%20Selection%20Methodology%2003-7-2012.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|title=A Business Continuity Solution Selection Methodology|publisher=IBM Corp.|author=Ellis Holman|date=March 13, 2012}}</ref> * '''Kiwango cha 0''' - '''Hakuna data ya nje ya tovuti''' • Biashara zilizo na Suluhu ya Kuokoa Maafa ya Tier 0 hazina Mpango wa Kuokoa Maafa. Hakuna habari iliyohifadhiwa, hakuna hati, hakuna maunzi chelezo, na hakuna mpango wa dharura. Muda wa kawaida wa urejeshaji: ''Urefu wa muda wa uokoaji katika tukio hili hautabiriki'' . Kwa kweli, inaweza kuwa haiwezekani kupona kabisa. * '''Kiwango cha 1''' - '''Hifadhi nakala ya data bila Tovuti Moto''' • Biashara zinazotumia suluhu za Kuokoa Maafa ya Tier 1 huhifadhi nakala za data zao kwenye kituo kisicho na tovuti. Kulingana na mara ngapi nakala hufanywa, ziko tayari kukubali ''siku kadhaa hadi wiki za upotezaji wa data'', lakini nakala zao ziko salama nje ya tovuti. Walakini, Kiwango hiki hakina mifumo ya kurejesha data. Njia ya Ufikiaji wa Lori ya Kuchukua (PTAM). * '''Kiwango cha 2''' - '''Hifadhi rudufu ya data na Tovuti ya Moto''' • Suluhisho za Kuokoa Maafa ya Tier 2 hufanya nakala za mara kwa mara kwenye kanda. Hii imeunganishwa na kituo cha nje ya tovuti na miundombinu (inayojulikana kama tovuti moto) ambapo kurejesha mifumo kutoka kwa kanda hizo wakati wa maafa. Suluhisho hili la kiwango bado litasababisha hitaji la kuunda upya data ya thamani ya saa kadhaa hadi siku, lakini ''haitabiriki sana katika muda wa urejeshaji'' . Mifano ni pamoja na: PTAM yenye Tovuti ya Moto inayopatikana, Kidhibiti cha Hifadhi ya IBM Tivoli. * '''Daraja la 3''' – '''Uwekaji vault wa kielektroniki''' • Suluhu za Kiwango cha 3 hutumia vipengele vya Kiwango cha 2. Zaidi ya hayo, baadhi ya data muhimu ya dhamira huhifadhiwa kielektroniki. Data hii iliyoinuliwa kielektroniki kwa kawaida ni ya sasa zaidi kuliko ile inayosafirishwa kupitia PTAM. Kwa hivyo kuna ''uchezaji mdogo wa data au hasara baada ya maafa kutokea'' . * '''Kiwango cha 4''' – '''Nakala za moja kwa moja''' • Masuluhisho ya Kiwango cha 4 hutumiwa na biashara zinazohitaji sarafu kubwa ya data na urejeshaji wa haraka kuliko watumiaji wa viwango vya chini. Badala ya kutegemea sana mkanda wa usafirishaji, kama ilivyo kawaida katika viwango vya chini, suluhisho la Tier 4 huanza kujumuisha suluhisho zaidi za msingi wa diski. ''Saa kadhaa za upotezaji wa data bado inawezekana'', lakini ni rahisi kutengeneza nakala za uhakika-kwa wakati (PIT) kwa masafa makubwa kuliko data inayoweza kunakiliwa kupitia suluhu zinazotegemea tepi. * '''Kiwango cha 5''' - '''Uadilifu wa shughuli''' • Masuluhisho ya Kiwango cha 5 hutumiwa na biashara zenye mahitaji ya uwiano wa data kati ya vituo vya uzalishaji na urejeshaji data. ''Hakuna upotezaji mdogo wa data'' katika suluhisho kama hizo; hata hivyo, uwepo wa utendakazi huu unategemea kabisa programu inayotumika. * '''Kiwango cha 6''' – '''Sufuri au upotevu mdogo wa data''' • Masuluhisho ya Kiwango cha 6 ya Urejeshaji Maafa ''yanadumisha viwango vya juu zaidi vya sarafu ya data'' . Zinatumiwa na biashara ambazo hazivumilii kabisa upotezaji wa data na ambazo zinahitaji kurejesha data kwa programu haraka. Masuluhisho haya hayategemei programu kutoa uthabiti wa data. * '''Kiwango cha 7''' - '''Suluhisho la otomatiki sana, lililounganishwa na biashara''' • Masuluhisho ya Kiwango cha 7 yanajumuisha vipengele vyote vikuu vinavyotumiwa kwa suluhu ya Kiwango cha 6 pamoja na ujumuishaji wa ziada wa otomatiki. Hii inaruhusu suluhisho la Tier 7 ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa data juu ya ile ambayo inatolewa na suluhu za Tier 6. Zaidi ya hayo, urejeshaji wa programu ni otomatiki, unaoruhusu urejeshaji wa mifumo na programu kwa haraka zaidi na kwa uhakika zaidi kuliko inavyowezekana kupitia taratibu za mwongozo za Uokoaji wa Maafa. == Kubuni suluhisho == Mahitaji mawili kuu kutoka kwa hatua ya uchambuzi wa athari ni: * Kwa IT: mahitaji ya chini ya maombi na data na wakati ambao lazima zipatikane. * Nje ya IT: uhifadhi wa nakala ngumu (kama vile mikataba). Mpango wa mchakato lazima uzingatie wafanyikazi wenye ujuzi na teknolojia iliyoingia. Awamu hii inahusiana na upangaji wa uokoaji wa maafa . Awamu ya suluhisho huamua: * Muundo wa amri ya usimamizi wa migogoro * Usanifu wa mawasiliano ya simu kati ya maeneo ya kazi ya msingi na ya sekondari * Mbinu ya kurudia data kati ya tovuti za kazi za msingi na sekondari * Hifadhi nakala ya tovuti yenye programu, data na nafasi ya kazi == Viwango Thibiti == === Viwango vya ISO === Kuna viwango vingi vinavyopatikana ili kusaidia upangaji na usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara. <ref name="Tierney">{{Rejea jarida|last=Tierney|first=Kathleen|date=21 November 2012|title=Disaster Governance: Social, Political, and Economic Dimensions|journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources|language=en|volume=37|issue=1|pages=341–363|doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-020911-095618|issn=1543-5938|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Partridge">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA585451.pdf|title=CERT® Resilience Management Model (RMM) v1.1: Code of Practice Crosswalk Commercial Version 1.1|last=Partridge|first=Kevin G.|last2=Young|first2=Lisa R.|date=2011|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|location=Pittsburgh, PA|access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji|Shirika la Kimataifa la Kuweka Viwango]] (ISO) kwa mfano limetengeneza mfululizo mzima wa viwango vya mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa Biashara <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/committee/5259148/x/catalogue/p/1/u/0/w/0/d/0|title=ISO - ISO/TC 292 - Security and resilience|work=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref> chini ya wajibu wa kamati ya kiufundi ISO/TC 292 : * ISO 22300 :2021 Usalama na Uthabiti – Msamiati (Inachukua Nafasi ya ISO 22300 :2018 Usalama na Uthabiti - Msamiati na ISO 22300 :2012 Usalama na Uthabiti - Msamiati.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/06/84/68436.html|title=ISO 22300:2018|work=ISO|date=12 July 2019}}</ref> * ISO 22301 :2019 Usalama na Uthabiti – Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara – Mahitaji (Inachukua nafasi ya ISO 22301 :2012.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/07/51/75106.html|title=ISO 22301:2019|work=ISO|date=5 June 2023}}</ref> * ISO 22313 :2020 Usalama na Uthabiti – Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara – Mwongozo kuhusu matumizi ya ISO 22301 (Inachukua nafasi ya ISO 22313 :2012 Usalama na uthabiti - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara - Mwongozo wa matumizi ya ISO 22301.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/07/51/75107.html|title=ISO 22313:2020|work=ISO}}</ref> * [[ISO/TS 22317]] :2021 Usalama na uthabiti – Mifumo ya usimamizi mwendelezo wa biashara – Miongozo ya uchanganuzi wa athari za biashara - (Inachukua nafasi ya ISO/TS 22315:2015 Usalama wa Jamii – Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara – Miongozo ya uchanganuzi wa athari za biashara.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/79000.html|title=Iso/Ts 22317:2021}}</ref> * [[ISO/TS 22318]] :2021 Usalama na uthabiti - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara - Miongozo ya mwendelezo wa ugavi (Inachukua nafasi ya ISO/TS 22318:2015 Usalama wa Jamii - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara - Miongozo ya mwendelezo wa ugavi.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/79001.html|title=Iso/Ts 22318:2021}}</ref> * [[ISO/TS 22330]] :2018 Usalama na Uthabiti - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara - Miongozo ya vipengele vya watu kuhusu kuendelea kwa biashara (Hivi sasa kufikia 2022.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/05/00/50067.html|title=ISO/TS 22330:2018|work=ISO|date=12 July 2019}}</ref> * [[ISO/TS 22331]] :2018 Usalama na Uthabiti - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara - Miongozo ya mkakati wa mwendelezo wa biashara - (Hivi sasa kufikia 2022.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/05/00/50068.html|title=ISO/TS 22331:2018|work=ISO}}</ref> * [[ISO/TS 22332]] :2021 Usalama na uthabiti - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara - Miongozo ya kuunda mipango na taratibu za mwendelezo wa biashara (Hizi sasa kufikia 2022.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/50069.html|title=Iso/Ts 22332:2021}}</ref> * [[ISO/IEC/TS 17021-6]] :2014 Tathmini ya Ulinganifu - Masharti kwa mashirika yanayotoa ukaguzi na uthibitishaji wa mifumo ya usimamizi - Sehemu ya 6: Masharti ya umahiri kwa ukaguzi na uthibitishaji wa mifumo ya usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/06/49/64956.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 17021-6:2014|work=ISO}}</ref> * ISO/IEC 24762:2008 Teknolojia ya habari — Mbinu za usalama — Miongozo ya huduma za teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano ya kurejesha maafa (imeondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISO/IEC 24762:2008|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/41532.html|work=ISO|date=6 March 2008|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> * ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Usalama wa habari, usalama wa mtandao na ulinzi wa faragha - Mifumo ya usimamizi wa usalama wa habari - Mahitaji. (Inachukua nafasi ya ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Teknolojia ya habari — Mbinu za usalama — Mifumo ya usimamizi wa usalama wa habari — Mahitaji.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISO/IEC 27001:2022|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/82875.html|work=ISO|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> * ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Usalama wa habari, usalama wa mtandao na ulinzi wa faragha - Udhibiti wa usalama wa habari. (Inachukua nafasi ya ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Teknolojia ya habari — Mbinu za usalama — Kanuni za utendaji za udhibiti wa usalama wa habari.) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISO/IEC 27002:2022|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/75652.html|work=ISO|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> * [[ISO/IEC 27031]] :2011 Teknolojia ya Habari – Mbinu za Usalama – Miongozo ya utayari wa teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano kwa ajili ya kuendelea na biashara. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISO/IEC 27031:2011|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/44374.html|work=ISO|date=5 September 2016|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> * ISO/PAS 22399:2007 Usalama wa Jamii - Mwongozo wa kujiandaa kwa matukio na usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa uendeshaji (umeondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISO/PAS 22399:2007|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/50295.html|work=ISO|date=18 June 2012|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> * IWA 5:2006 Maandalizi ya Dharura (kuondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IWA 5:2006|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/44985.html|work=ISO|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> Shirika la Viwango la Uingereza (BSI Group) lilitoa mfululizo wa viwango ambavyo vimeondolewa na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na viwango vya ISO vilivyo hapo juu. * BS 7799 -1:1995 - taratibu za usalama wa habari zilizoshughulikiwa kwa pembeni. (imeondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BS 7799-1:1995 Information security management - Code of practice for information security management systems|url=https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/information-security-management-code-of-practice-for-information-security-management-systems/standard|work=BSI Group|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> * BS 25999 -1:2006 - Usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara Sehemu ya 1: Kanuni za utendaji (zimesimamishwa, zimeondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BS 25999-1:2006 Business continuity management - Code of practice|url=https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/bs-25999-1-2006-business-continuity-management-code-of-practice/standard|work=BSI Group|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> * BS 25999-2:2007 Usimamizi wa Mwendelezo wa Biashara Sehemu ya 2: Uainisho (umeidhinishwa, umeondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BS 25999-2:2007 (USA Edition) Business continuity management - Specification|url=https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/business-continuity-management-specification-1/standard|work=BSI Group|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> * 2008: BS 25777, Usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano. Kanuni ya mazoezi. (imeondolewa) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BS 25777:2008 (Paperback) Information and communications technology continuity management. Code of practice|url=https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/information-and-communications-technology-continuity-management-code-of-practice-1/standard|work=BSI Group|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> Ndani ya Uingereza, BS 25999-2:2007 na BS 25999-1:2006 zilikuwa zikitumika kwa usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara katika mashirika, viwanda na sekta zote. Hati hizi zinatoa mpango wa vitendo wa kushughulikia matukio mengi - kutoka kwa hali mbaya ya hewa hadi ugaidi, kushindwa kwa mfumo wa IT, na magonjwa ya wafanyikazi. <ref>British Standards Institution (2006). Business continuity management-Part 1: Code of practice :London</ref> Mnamo 2004, kufuatia machafuko katika miaka iliyotangulia, serikali ya Uingereza ilipitisha Sheria ya Dharura ya Kiraia ya 2004 : Biashara lazima ziwe na hatua za upangaji mwendelezo ili ziendelee na kustawi huku zikijitahidi kuweka tukio kuwa kidogo iwezekanavyo. Sheria iligawanywa katika sehemu mbili: Sehemu ya 1: ulinzi wa raia, inayoshughulikia majukumu na wajibu kwa watoa huduma wa ndani Sehemu ya 2: mamlaka ya dharura. <ref>Cabinet Office. (2004). overview of the Act. In: Civil Contingencies Secretariat Civil Contingencies Act 2004: a short. London: Civil Contingencies Secretariat</ref> Nchini Uingereza, uthabiti unatekelezwa ndani ya nchi na Jukwaa la Ustahimilivu wa Ndani . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=July 2013 (V2) The role of Local Resilience Forums: A reference document|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/62277/The_role_of_Local_Resilience_Forums-_A_reference_document_v2_July_2013.pdf|work=Cabinet Office|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> === Viwango vya Australia === * HB 292-2006, "Mwongozo wa watendaji wa usimamizi mwendelezo wa biashara" <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=HB HB 292—2006 Executive Guide to Business Continuity Management|url=https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/as/misc/handbook/HB292-2006.pdf|work=Standards Australia|accessdate=5 January 2023|archive-date=2023-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019012749/https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/as/misc/handbook/HB292-2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> * HB 293-2006, "Mwongozo Mtendaji wa usimamizi wa mwendelezo wa biashara" === Marekani === * NFPA 1600 Kiwango cha Usimamizi wa Maafa/Dharura na Mipango ya Kuendeleza Biashara (2010). ''Chama cha Kitaifa cha Kulinda Moto'' . (amepitishwa). <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/AboutTheCodes/1600/1600-10-PDF.pdf|title=NFPA 1600, Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs|date=2010|publisher=National Fire Protection Association|isbn=978-161665005-6|edition=2010|location=Quincy, MA|access-date=2024-03-06|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104235328/https://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/AboutTheCodes/1600/1600-10-PDF.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * [[NFPA 1600, Standard on Continuity, Emergency, and Crisis Management|NFPA 1600, Kiwango cha Mwendelezo, Dharura, na Usimamizi wa Migogoro]] (2019, kiwango cha sasa), ''Chama cha Kitaifa cha Ulinzi wa Moto'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A Comprehensive Overview of the NFPA 1600 Standard|url=https://www.alertmedia.com/blog/nfpa-1600/|work=AlertMedia|accessdate=4 January 2023|language=en|date=29 January 2019}}</ref> * Mwendelezo wa Uendeshaji (COOP) na Mpango wa Kitaifa wa Utekelezaji wa Sera ya Mwendelezo (NCPIP), Serikali ya Shirikisho la Marekani <ref name="overview" /> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NATIONAL CONTINUITY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Homeland Security Council August 2007|url=https://emilms.fema.gov/IS0545/documents/NCPIP_August_2007_508_Compliant.pdf|work=FEMA|accessdate=5 January 2023|archivedate=2020-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907000149/https://emilms.fema.gov/IS0545/documents/NCPIP_August_2007_508_Compliant.pdf}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Continuity Resources and Technical Assistance {{!}} FEMA.gov|url=https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/national-preparedness/continuity|work=FEMA|accessdate=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> * Business Continuity Planning Suite, DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate and FEMA. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Continuity of operations: An overview|url=https://www.fema.gov/pdf/about/org/ncp/coop_brochure.pdf|work=FEMA|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Business {{!}} Ready.gov|url=https://www.ready.gov/business|work=www.ready.gov|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Business Continuity Planning Suite {{!}} Ready.gov|url=https://www.ready.gov/business-continuity-planning-suite|work=www.ready.gov|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> <ref name="overview">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Business Continuity Plan {{!}} Ready.gov|url=https://www.ready.gov/business-continuity-plan|work=www.ready.gov|accessdate=5 January 2023}}</ref> * ASIS SPC.1-2009, Uthabiti wa Shirika: Usalama, Maandalizi, na Mifumo ya Kusimamia Mwendelezo - Mahitaji yenye Mwongozo wa Matumizi, Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Viwango ya Marekani <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/emgt/ASIS_SPC.1-2009_Item_No._1842.pdf|title=ASIS SPC.1-2009 Organizational Resilience: Security, Preparedness, and Continuity Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance for Use|date=2009|publisher=American National Standards Institute|isbn=978-1-887056-92-2}}</ref> == Utekelezaji na upimaji == Awamu ya utekelezaji inahusisha mabadiliko ya sera, upatikanaji wa nyenzo, uajiri na upimaji. === Mtihani na kukubalika kwa shirika === Kitabu cha 2008 ''cha Exercising for Excellence'', kilichochapishwa na Taasisi ya Viwango ya Uingereza kilibainisha aina tatu za mazoezi ambazo zinaweza kutumika wakati wa kujaribu mipango ya mwendelezo wa biashara. * '''Mazoezi ya kibao''' - idadi ndogo ya watu huzingatia kipengele maalum cha BCP. Fomu nyingine inahusisha mwakilishi mmoja kutoka kwa kila timu kadhaa. * '''Mazoezi ya wastani''' - Idara, timu au taaluma kadhaa huzingatia vipengele vingi vya BCP; upeo unaweza kuanzia timu chache kutoka jengo moja hadi timu nyingi zinazofanya kazi katika maeneo yaliyotawanywa. "Mshangao" ulioandikwa mapema huongezwa. * '''Mazoezi changamano''' - Vipengele vyote vya zoezi la kati vinasalia, lakini kwa uhalisia wa hali ya juu kuwezesha hakuna notisi, uhamishaji halisi na maombi halisi ya tovuti ya uokoaji maafa huongezwa. Ingawa saa za kuanza na kusimama zimekubaliwa mapema, muda halisi unaweza usijulikane ikiwa matukio yanaruhusiwa kutekeleza mkondo wake. == Matengenezo == Matengenezo ya mzunguko wa kila mwaka au wa kila mwaka wa mwongozo wa BCP <ref name="AUdoc">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/05765d5a-91b3-45fd-af43-699ede65dd8a/resource/63f7d2dc-0f40-4abb-b75f-7e6acfeae8f3/download/businesscontinuityplantemplate.doc|title=Business Continuity Plan Template}}</ref> umegawanywa katika shughuli tatu za mara kwa mara. * Uthibitisho wa habari katika mwongozo, usambazwe kwa wafanyikazi kwa ufahamu na mafunzo maalum kwa watu muhimu. * Upimaji na uthibitishaji wa ufumbuzi wa kiufundi ulioanzishwa kwa shughuli za kurejesha. * Upimaji na uthibitishaji wa taratibu za kurejesha shirika. Masuala yanayopatikana wakati wa awamu ya majaribio mara nyingi lazima yarejeshwe kwenye awamu ya uchanganuzi. === Taarifa na malengo === Mwongozo wa BCP lazima ubadilike na shirika, na udumishe taarifa kuhusu '''ni nani anayepaswa kujua nini''' : * Msururu wa orodha ** Maelezo ya kazi, ujuzi unaohitajika, mahitaji ya mafunzo ** Usimamizi wa hati na hati * Ufafanuzi wa istilahi ili kuwezesha mawasiliano kwa wakati wakati wa kupona maafa, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://drii.org/resources/viewglossary|title=Glossary &#124; DRI International|work=drii.org}}</ref> * Orodha za usambazaji (wafanyakazi, wateja muhimu, wauzaji/wasambazaji) * Taarifa kuhusu miundombinu ya mawasiliano na usafiri (barabara, madaraja) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|work=CMS.gov|url=https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Contracting/FFSProvCustSvcGen/Downloads/Disaster-Recovery-Plan-Checklist.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Contracting/FFSProvCustSvcGen/Downloads/Disaster-Recovery-Plan-Checklist.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|title=Disaster Recovery Plan Checklist}}</ref> === Kiufundi === Rasilimali maalum za kiufundi lazima zihifadhiwe. Ambazo ni pamoja na: * Usambazaji wa ufafanuzi wa [[Virusi vya kompyuta|virusi]] * Usalama wa programu na usambazaji wa kiraka cha huduma * Utendaji wa vifaa * Utendaji wa maombi * Uthibitishaji wa data * Maombi ya data === Upimaji na uthibitishaji wa taratibu za kurejesha === Mabadiliko ya programu na mchakato wa kazi lazima yameandikwa na kuthibitishwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na uthibitishaji kwamba kumbukumbu za kazi za kurejesha mchakato wa kazi na kusaidia miundombinu ya uokoaji wa maafa huruhusu wafanyakazi kupata nafuu ndani ya lengo la muda wa kurejesha lililoamuliwa mapema. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Validation of a Disaster Management Metamodel (DMM)|author=Othman|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D2748%2526context%253Deispapers%26hl=en%26sa=X%26scisig=AAGBfm0CkEknKpMQtJeZBAWSgF_CqnzjNg%26nossl=1%26oi=scholarr|work=SCHOLAR.google.com}}</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == * {{Rejea kitabu|title=A Guide to Business Continuity Planning|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetobusinessc0000barn|last=James C. Barnes|date=2001-06-08|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0471530152}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Business Continuity Planning, A Step-by-Step Guide|last=Kenneth L Fulmer|date=2004-10-04|publisher=Rothstein|isbn=978-1931332217}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Business Continuity Plan Design, 8 Steps for Getting Started Designing a Plan|last=Richard Kepenach}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Disaster Survival Planning: A Practical Guide for Businesses|last=Judy Bell|date=October 1991|publisher=Disaster Survival Planning, Incorporated|isbn=978-0963058003}} * {{Rejea jarida|last=Dimattia, S.|date=November 15, 2001|title=Planning for Continuity|url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ645580|journal=Library Journal|volume=126|issue=19|pages=32–34}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Resilience: Why Things Bounce Back|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901451683812|last=Andrew Zolli|last2=Ann Marie Healy|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2013|isbn=978-1451683813}} * [https://drii.org/resources/glossary International Glossary for Resilience], DRI International. == Viungo vya nje == * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150801223921/http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG246844.html Viwango vya Uokoaji wa Maafa na TSM.]'' Charlotte Brooks, Matthew Bedernjak, Igor Juran, na John Merryman. Katika, ''Mikakati ya Kuokoa Maafa na Usimamizi wa Hifadhi ya Tivoli.'' Sura ya 2. Kurasa 21-36. Mfululizo wa Vitabu vyekundu. IBM. Programu ya Tivoli. 2002. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811064656/https://splash.riverbed.com/servlet/JiveServlet/downloadBody/3897-102-2-5505/Best%20Practices%20Guide%20-%20SteelStore%20DR%20Replication.pdf ''Lango la Hifadhi ya Wingu la SteelStore: Mwongozo Bora wa Mbinu za Urejeshaji Maafa.''] Riverbed Technology, Inc. Oktoba 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181203152111/http://ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/administrator/backuprecovery/disaster-recovery-levels/?page=2 ''Viwango vya Kupona Maafa.''] Robert Kern na Victor Peltz. Jarida la IBM Systems. Novemba 2003. * [https://scalar.usc.edu/works/training-news/business-continuity-plan-disaster-recovery ''Muendelezo wa Biashara: Viwango 5 vya Urejeshaji Maafa.''] Archived </link> Utaalam wa Urejeshaji. 2007. * [http://storagecommunity.org/forums/t/326.aspx ''Operesheni Zinazoendelea: Ngazi Saba za Urejeshaji Maafa.''] Mary Hall. Jumuiya ya Hifadhi (IBM). 18 Julai 2011. Ilirejeshwa tarehe 26 Machi 2013. * [http://www.continuitycentral.com/feature0675.html Kipindi cha Juu Kinachovumilika cha Usumbufu (MTPOD)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.continuitycentral.com/feature0675.html |date=20220405052253 }} * [http://www.continuitycentral.com/feature0677.html Muda wa Juu Unaovumilika wa Usumbufu (MTPOD): Majibu ya kamati ya BSI] {{Wayback|url=http://www.continuitycentral.com/feature0677.html |date=20220405052302 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215200/http://www.bccmanagement.com/mtpod.html Wayback Machine] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090717220729/http://e-janco.com/MaximumTolerablePeriodofDisruption%20.html Washirika wa Janco] * [https://brcci.org/seminars/business-continuity-training/ Mpango wa Kuendeleza Biashara] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041207212256/http://www.ready.gov/business/index.html Miongozo ya Mpango wa Dharura wa Idara ya Usalama wa Taifa] * [http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/files/33/cidrap-shrm-hr-pandemic-toolkit.pdf Zana ya Mwongozo wa Utumishi wa Mlipuko wa CIDRAP/SHRM] Archived </link> * [https://www.ibm.com/services/business-continuity/plan Kurekebisha na kukabiliana na hatari kwa kutumia mpango wa mwendelezo wa biashara (BCP)] [[Jamii:Biashara]] 8xfwib9kbewnzd5uvcqfib8sx6k7vzl 0 187004 1589875 1521634 2026-08-21T10:03:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Myles Russ''' (alizaliwa [[15 Aprili|Aprili 15]], [[1989]]) ni kocha wa [[futiboli ya Marekani]]. Yeye ni kocha mkuu wa futiboli wa Chuo Kikuu cha Keiser, nafasi ambayo ameshikilia tangu mwaka [[2024]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Myles Russ - Head Coach - Staff Directory |url=https://kuseahawks.com/staff-directory/myles-russ/83 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Keiser University Athletics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Robb |first=Rick |title=Keiser football: Doug Socha leaves for Lenoir-Rhyne University, Myles Russ replaces him |url=https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/sports/college/football/2024/01/29/assistant-myles-russ-replacing-doug-socha-as-keiser-head-football-coach/72396068007/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=The Palm Beach Post |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129222634/https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/sports/college/football/2024/01/29/assistant-myles-russ-replacing-doug-socha-as-keiser-head-football-coach/72396068007/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-01-29 |title=Keiser loses football coach Doug Socha, finds replacement in Myles Russ |url=https://www.wptv.com/sports/college-sports/keiser-loses-football-coach-doug-socha-finds-replacement-in-myles-russ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=WPTV News Channel 5 West Palm |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Barnett |first=Zach |date=2024-01-28 |title=Sources: NAIA national champion head coach Doug Socha to take NCAA Division II job |url=https://footballscoop.com/news/sources-lenoir-rhyne-hires-naia-national-champion-keiser-head-coach-doug-socha |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Footballscoop |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-01-29 |title=Myles Russ Named Next Head Coach of Keiser Football |url=https://kuseahawks.com/news/2024/1/29/no-3-football-myles-russ-named-next-head-coach-of-keiser-football.aspx |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Keiser University Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kufundisha timu ya ''Robert Morris Colonials'' ya futiboli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mueller |first=Chris |title=Former standout Myles Russ returns to RMU football |url=https://colonialsportsnetwork.com/5035/sports/former-standout-myles-russ-returns-to-rmu-football/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Colonial Sports Network |archive-date=2024-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129222634/https://colonialsportsnetwork.com/5035/sports/former-standout-myles-russ-returns-to-rmu-football/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Myles Russ - Football Coach |url=https://rmucolonials.com/sports/football/roster/coaches/myles-russ/676 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Robert Morris University Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Aliichezea timu ya Robert Morris kama mshambuliaji wa nyuma.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Myles Russ - Football |url=https://rmucolonials.com/sports/football/roster/myles-russ/3798 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Robert Morris University Athletics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Ratner |first=Ron |date=2014-08-07 |title=#TBT Remember Myles Russ? |url=https://necovertime.wordpress.com/2014/08/07/tbt-remember-myles-russ/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=NEC Overtime! Blog |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] 3m1kcb3sps4s5ki4fqp9cl20dplb1nk 0 191189 1589772 1467796 2026-08-21T06:17:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mikaël Gabriel "Miki" Cantave''' (alizaliwa [[Kanada]], 25 Oktoba 1996) ni mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu ambaye anachezea kama kiungo kwa timu ya Vancouver FC. Anaiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Haiti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/mikael-cantave-a-clear-sense-of-purpose|title=Mikaël Cantave: A clear sense of purpose|date=July 6, 2023|work=[[Vancouver FC]]|first=David|last=Nava}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://masquegoles.es/campo-de-futbol-villarrobledo/|title=Campo de futbol villarrobledo|language=es|trans-title=Villarrobledo soccer field|work=Mas Que Goles|date=19 November 2022|accessdate=2024-11-21|archive-date=2024-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813120724/https://masquegoles.es/campo-de-futbol-villarrobledo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Haiti]] 11pj7jar2a4bmiqn9i13qzcltnby548 0 191201 1589595 1515082 2026-08-20T13:13:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Alexander Cameron''' (alizaliwa Januari 24, 2005) ni mchezaji wa soka kutoka [[Kanada]] anayechezea klabu ya Vancouver FC katika ligi ya Canadian Premier.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/lennon-thompson-james-cameron-kourosh-jamshidi-join-vfc-on-developmental-contracts|title=Lennon Thompson, James Cameron, Kourosh Jamshidi join VFC on Developmental Contracts|date=May 3, 2023|work=[[Vancouver FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://northerntribune.ca/vancouver-fc-james-cameron-developmental-deal/|title=Ghotbi Adds James Cameron, Others To Vancouver FC|date=May 3, 2023|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/this-is-just-the-start-james-cameron|title="This is just the start": James Cameron|date=August 10, 2023|work=[[Vancouver FC]]|first=David|last=Nava|accessdate=2024-11-21|archive-date=2023-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814031545/https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/this-is-just-the-start-james-cameron|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2005|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 7wdm5t090s8eede1bc0akdla84zgg34 0 191390 1589757 1520028 2026-08-21T04:55:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matteo Camillo Paul de Brienne''' (alizaliwa [[22 Mei|Mei 22]], [[2002]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Kanada]] anayecheza kama [[Beki|mlinzi]] wa kushoto kwa ''Atlético Ottawa'' katika ligi ya Canadian Premier.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://atleticoottawa.canpl.ca/article/atletico-ottawa-signs-hometown-talent-matteo-de-brienne-for-2024-season|title=Atlético Ottawa Signs Hometown Talent Matteo de Brienne for 2024 Season|date=December 21, 2023|work=[[Atlético Ottawa]]|accessdate=2024-11-23|archive-date=2024-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118181250/https://atleticoottawa.canpl.ca/article/atletico-ottawa-signs-hometown-talent-matteo-de-brienne-for-2024-season|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://issuu.com/ottawasportspage/docs/sportspage-apr16/7|date=April 2016|title=England tour, trials, and Team Canada training for OSU 2001 boys|page=7|work=Ottawa Sportspage|accessdate=2024-11-23|archivedate=2022-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113062611/https://issuu.com/ottawasportspage/docs/sportspage-apr16/7}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2002|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] qi9g61xdfyrt28rcve6mg0n43gsqgbq 0 191414 1589748 1366939 2026-08-21T03:21:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589748 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:CINvCHI 2017-06-28 - Marco Dominguez (26331241667) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Domínguez akichezea FC Cincinnati mwaka 2017.]] '''Marco Leonel Domínguez Ramírez''' (alizaliwa [[25 Februari]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa soka mtaalamu anayecheza kama kiungo kwa timu ya Pacific FC katika ligi kuu ya [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa Kanada na anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya [[Guatemala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.concacaf.com/concacaf-league/article/scl-duel-with-forge-fc-a-special-one-for-antigua-gfc-s-dominguez/|title=SCL duel with Forge FC a special one for Antigua GFC’s Dominguez|date=25 July 2019|work=[[CONCACAF]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-signs-guatemalan-international-marco-dominguez|title=Pacific FC Signs Guatemalan International Marco Domínguez|date=26 June 2024|publisher=[[Pacific FC]]|accessdate=2024-11-23|archive-date=2025-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208184707/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-signs-guatemalan-international-marco-dominguez|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guatemala]] b6yesswcobt7xpcd5kap3gi1hxo08do 0 191431 1589709 1517537 2026-08-20T21:33:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kunle DadaLuke (cropped).jpg|thumb|Dada-Luke akipokea tuzo ya Mchezaji Chipukizi Bora wa L1O mwaka 2018.]] '''Olakunle Olumide Dada-Luke''' (alizaliwa [[12 Januari]] [[2000]] ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye hucheza kama beki wa pembeni katika klabu ya Pacific FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/holding-down-the-fort-dada-luke-and-mukumbilwa-excited-to-return-for-2024-cpl-season|title=Holding Down the Fort: Dada-Luke and Mukumbilwa excited to return for 2024 CPL season|date=January 11, 2024|work=[[Pacific FC]]|accessdate=2024-11-23|archive-date=2024-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229103719/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/holding-down-the-fort-dada-luke-and-mukumbilwa-excited-to-return-for-2024-cpl-season|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://canpl.ca/article/atletico-ottawas-welcomes-canadian-kunle-dada-luke|title=Atlético Ottawa’s Welcomes Canadian Kunle Dada-Luke|date=March 11, 2020|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/black-history-month-kunle-dada-luke|title=Black History Month : Kunle Dada-Luke|date=February 18, 2022|work=[[Pacific FC]]|first=Jack|last=Longo|accessdate=2024-11-23|archive-date=2025-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126151245/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/black-history-month-kunle-dada-luke|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/soccer/tfc-academy-side-ties-defending-champ-juventus-viareggio-cup/|title=TFC academy side ties defending champ Juventus at Viareggio Cup|date=March 15, 2017|work=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2000|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 76arn1ymcg5nb0s8f9crrhgv6ih2y79 0 191570 1589758 1520032 2026-08-21T04:58:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili: Matthew Catavolo of Valour FC (1).jpg|thumb|Catavolo akiwa na Valour FC mwaka 2022]] '''Matthew Umberto Catavolo''' (alizaliwa Februari 13, [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportslaval.qc.ca/portfolio/matthew-catavolo/|title=Matthew Catavolo profile|work=Sports Laval}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/you-have-to-be-playing-against-men-and-thats-why-i-came-here-plus-its-a-great-team-and-a-great-league|title=Matthew Catavolo: "You have to be playing against men and that’s why I came here, plus it’s a great team and a great league."|first=Ed|last=Tait|date=February 16, 2022|work=[[Valour FC]]|accessdate=2024-11-25|archive-date=2024-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201200427/https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/you-have-to-be-playing-against-men-and-thats-why-i-came-here-plus-its-a-great-team-and-a-great-league|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2003|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] pzocynxmb1s8rtl9higy3xdtsgx2u7u 0 192211 1589670 1516543 2026-08-20T17:33:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kashiff de Jonge''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Kashiff Collins''') ni mchezaji wa soka anayechukua nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika klabu ya Darby FC. Alizaliwa [[Kanada]], lakini alikuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa [[Guyana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/4073136-ajax-s-kashiff-de-jonge-earns-durham-college-athlete-of-the-week-award/|title=Ajax’s Kashiff De Jonge earns Durham College athlete of the week award|date=September 11, 2013|work=Ajax News Advertiser}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://durhamlords.com/news/2013/10/9/MSOC_1029134919.aspx|title=Durham’s indoor soccer season ends at regionals|date=March 6, 2014|work=[[Durham College]]|accessdate=2024-11-29|archive-date=2024-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201204829/https://durhamlords.com/news/2013/10/9/MSOC_1029134919.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guyana]] qgj3tr8hthmqnsr6py4vf4fs3zqm25y 0 192343 1589672 1516696 2026-08-20T18:01:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayla De Souza''' (alizaliwa [[7 Machi]], [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[soka]] anayecheza katika timu ya North Mississauga SC katika ligi 1 Ontario ya wanawake. Alizaliwa [[Kanada]], anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya [[Guyana]] katika ngazi ya kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://goridgebacks.com/news/2016/2/11/WSOC_0211163432.aspx|title=UOIT alumna Kayla De Souza playing in Olympic qualifier|date=February 11, 2016|work=[[Ontario Tech Ridgebacks]]|accessdate=2024-11-30|archive-date=2024-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203022644/https://goridgebacks.com/news/2016/2/11/WSOC_0211163432.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://goridgebacks.com/news/2022/4/12/womens-soccer-alumna-kayla-de-souza-playing-in-world-cup-qualifier-for-guyana.aspx|title=Alumna Kayla De Souza playing in World Cup qualifier for Guyana|date=April 12, 2022|work=[[Ontario Tech Ridgebacks]]|accessdate=2024-11-30|archive-date=2024-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203232547/https://goridgebacks.com/news/2022/4/12/womens-soccer-alumna-kayla-de-souza-playing-in-world-cup-qualifier-for-guyana.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://issuu.com/uoitridgebacks/docs/uoit_wsoc_media_guide|title=2016 UOTI Ridgebacks Women's Soccer Media Guide|work=[[UOIT Ridgebacks]]|accessdate=2024-11-30|archive-date=2024-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207053718/https://issuu.com/uoitridgebacks/docs/uoit_wsoc_media_guide|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wanawake wa Guyana]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wanawake wa Kanada]] fggu83pqhbycoypffvvy0kewsrq88v5 0 192945 1589728 1370747 2026-08-21T02:22:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malcolm Duncan''' (alizaliwa Septemba 4, [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye anachezea timu ya Forge FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://friars.com/news/2017/5/22/Men_amp_8217_s_Soccer_Adds_Two_Incoming_Freshman_to_the_2017_Roster|title=Men's Soccer Adds Two Incoming Freshman to the 2017 Roster|date=May 22, 2017|work=[[Providence Friars]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/malcolm-duncan-embracing-diversity-soccer-and-black-excellence|title=Malcolm Duncan: Embracing Diversity, Soccer, and Black Excellence|date=February 29, 2024|work=[[Forge FC]]|accessdate=2024-12-05|archive-date=2024-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207030749/https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/malcolm-duncan-embracing-diversity-soccer-and-black-excellence|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] i0sl1otbxli0yohq3fway5cnal0ktte 0 193651 1589900 1372414 2026-08-21T11:47:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:York-united-niko-giantsopoulos.jpg|thumb|Giantsopoulos akiwa na York United FC mwaka 2022]] '''Nikolaos Giantsopoulos''' (alizaliwa Juni 24, [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] ambaye anacheza kama kipa wa timu ya Vancouver FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/niko-giantsopoulos|title=Niko Giantsopoulos profile|work=[[York United FC]]|accessdate=2024-12-09|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205022/https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/niko-giantsopoulos|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Three area soccer teams in Ontario Cup finals |url=https://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/3475738-three-area-soccer-teams-in-ontario-cup-finals/ |first=Brad|last=Kelly|work=Durham Region News|access-date=July 2, 2019 |date=September 4, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ajax, Pickering U16 teams win national soccer titles |first=Brad|last=Kelly |url=https://www.durhamregion.com/community-story/3484697-ajax-pickering-u16-teams-win-national-soccer-titles/ |date=October 15, 2010 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |work=Durham Region News}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] i7cur60tuyshag8tajra6rbttny8ka9 0 196268 1589649 1382339 2026-08-20T15:41:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589649 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Josh Heard 2024.jpg|thumb|Heard mwaka 2024]] '''Joshua David Heard''' (alizaliwa Novemba 29, [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Welisi]] anayechukua nafasi ya kiungo mshambuliaji na pia ni nahodha wa timu ya Pacific FC katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Kanada]].<ref name=sign>{{cite web|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-signs-local-talent-josh-heard|title=Pacific FC signs local talent Josh Heard|date=July 31, 2020|work=[[Pacific FC]]|accessdate=2025-01-07|archive-date=2025-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250107084952/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-signs-local-talent-josh-heard|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timescolonist.com/sports/pacific-fc-lands-veteran-island-pro-josh-heard-4683105|title=Pacific FC lands veteran Island pro Josh Heard|date=July 31, 2020|first=Cleve|last=Dheensaw|work=[[Times Colonist]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-names-victoria-raised-josh-heard-captain|title=Pacific FC Name Victoria-Raised Josh Heard Captain|date=March 14, 2023|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] azhvx4z6u64xvpai9j3rrf7bslcu4gr 0 196571 1589674 1516868 2026-08-20T18:46:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khadim Kane''' (alizaliwa Mei 17, [[2005]]) ni mchezaji wa soka anayecheza katika timu ya Forge FC katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa nchini [[Senegal]], Kane anaiwakilisha Kanada katika ngazi ya vijana kimataifa.<ref name=forge>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-signs-canadians-khadim-kane-and-malcolm-duncan|title=Forge FC sign Canadians Khadim Kane and Malcolm Duncan|date=April 14, 2023|work=[[Forge FC]]|accessdate=2025-01-09|archive-date=2025-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109095317/https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-signs-canadians-khadim-kane-and-malcolm-duncan|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=depth>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-kane-duncan/|title=Forge Adds Two Depth Options Ahead Of Opening Weekend|date=April 14, 2023|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><ref name=jeune>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://fr.canpl.ca/article/khadim-kane-un-jeune-ambitieux-au-forge-fc |title=Khadim Kane, un jeune ambitieux au Forge FC |trans-title=Khadim Kane, an ambitious youngster at Forge FC |language=fr |first=Quentin |last=Parisis |work=[[Canadian Premier League]] |date=September 21, 2023}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2005|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] sz1sf5vvhrqqyii4xnpqir62c62uway 0 196777 1589810 1521119 2026-08-21T08:08:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Monica Barbaro Flies with Blue Angels (1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Monica Barbaro]] '''Monica Barbaro''' (amezaliwa San Francisco, Juni 17, 1990<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Su|first=Diana|title=At Midnight: Quiz con Diego Boneta y Monica Barbaro ¿cuánto se conocen?|url=https://spoilertime.com/video/at-midnight-quiz-con-diego-boneta-y-monica-barbaro-cuanto-se-conocen/|work=Spoilertime|format=Video|date=February 20, 2023|accessdate=2025-01-10|archive-date=2024-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810115018/https://spoilertime.com/video/at-midnight-quiz-con-diego-boneta-y-monica-barbaro-cuanto-se-conocen/|url-status=dead}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake uhusika mdogo katika filamu na televisheni katika miaka ya 2010, kabla ya uhusika wake kuu la kwanza katika msimu wa pili wa ''Unreal'' (2016), ikifuatiwa na majukumu zaidi ya televisheni huko ''Chicago PD'' (2016 {{ndash}} 2017), ''Chicago Justice'' (2017), ''The Good Cop'' (2018), na ''Kugawanyika Pamoja'' (2018 {{ndash}} 2019). Sehemu yake ya kwanza ya filamu ilikuwa katika filamu huru ya ''The Cathedral'' (2021). Mafanikio ya Barbaro yalikuja na jukumu la kusaidia katika filamu ya hatua ''ya Top Gun: Maverick'' (2022), ambayo aliifuata na majukumu ya nyota katika safu ya vichekesho ya Netflix ''FUBAR'' (2023 {{ndash}} sasa) na kama Joan Baez kwenye biopic ''A Complete Unknown'' (2024) . == Maisha ya awali == Barbaro alilelewa katika Mill Valley, California, ambako alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Upili ya Tamalpais mwaka wa 2007. Wazazi wake walitalikiana alipokuwa mtoto. Bibi ya Barbaro ni Mexican. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Davis|first=Clayton|date=2024-12-27|title=Monica Barbaro on Portraying Joan Baez in ‘A Complete Unknown,’ Having a Mixed Identity in Hollywood and Being Mentored by Tom Cruise|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/awards/monica-barbaro-joan-baez-mixed-identity-tom-cruise-1236258296/|accessdate=2024-12-31|work=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Barbaro alianza kucheza dansi akiwa mdogo na akaendelea na masomo ya ballet. Wakati akichukua nafasi za uigizaji, alimaliza digrii ya densi katika Chuo Kikuu cha New York Shule ya Sanaa ya Tisch huko New York City. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Edworthy|first=Sarah|date=May 29, 2020|title=Interview: Monica Barbaro|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/london/2020/05/interview-monica-barbaro|accessdate=September 19, 2022|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|language=en-US|archivedate=August 26, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826130210/https://www.vanityfair.com/london/2020/05/interview-monica-barbaro}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu mnamo 2010, aliamua kuendelea na uigizaji na akarudi San Francisco. Huko, aliweka nafasi ya kibiashara, filamu fupi, iliyounganishwa na wakala, <ref name="cosmopolitan/unreal-barbaro">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Zuckerman|first=Esther|date=June 20, 2016|title=Hot Rachel From "UnREAL" Talks Breaking Into Acting and Playing a Manipulator|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/q-and-a/a60172/unreal-hot-rachel-monica-barbaro-interview/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173514/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/q-and-a/a60172/unreal-hot-rachel-monica-barbaro-interview/|archivedate=September 20, 2022|accessdate=September 19, 2022|work=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na alihudhuria shule ya uigizaji ya Beverly Hills Playhouse . ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] ez4mfu0qy1jlqz4eqfblxn1x765bbze 0 196932 1589616 1515434 2026-08-20T14:09:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jens Kraemer''' (alizaliwa Julai 14, [[1963]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Kanada]] na kocha mkuu ambaye kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa klabu ya kitaalamu Darby FC.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Durham Lords Athletics - Jens Kraemer - 2016-17 Men's Soccer Coaching Staff - Durham College|url=https://durhamlords.com/coaches.aspx?rc=312|access-date=2020-08-11|website=durhamlords.com|archive-date=2020-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811182552/https://durhamlords.com/coaches.aspx?rc=312|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nasljerseys.com/ASL/Rosters/NationalsToronto_CPSL_Rosters.htm|title=Toronto Nationals 1983 (CPSL)|website=nasljerseys.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=North York Rockets Rosters|url=http://www.nasljerseys.com/ASL/Rosters/Rockets_Rosters.htm|access-date=2020-08-11|website=www.nasljerseys.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=June 27, 1988|title=86ers double up on Intrepid|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/463658294/?terms=Jens+Kraemer|access-date=2020-08-11|website=Newspapers.com|publisher=Ottawa Citizen|page=25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.statscrew.com/minorsoccer/stats/p-kraemjen001| title = Jens Kraemer soccer statistics on StatsCrew.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.statscrew.com/minorsoccer/stats/p-kraemjan001| title = Jans Kraemer soccer statistics on StatsCrew.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] qvd8fe12ujty98w9kzrmctrqaha02zs 0 199023 1589747 1390826 2026-08-21T03:17:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Marcello Polisi - 2021 HFX Wanderers FC.jpg|thumb|Polisi akiwa na HFX Wanderers FC mwaka 2021]] '''Marcello Polisi''' (alizaliwa Januari 24, [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa [[Kanada]] ambaye kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Detroit City FC kwenye ligi ya USL.<ref name=caps>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906013300/http://www.whitecapsfc.com/youth/eliteteams/residency/marcello-polisi|url=http://www.whitecapsfc.com/youth/eliteteams/residency/marcello-polisi|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=dead|title=Marcello Polisi Vancouver Whitecaps profile|work=[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/i-enjoy-every-moment-of-this-youve-got-to-enjoy-the-suffering-the-running-the-mental-fight-through-being-injured-all-of-it|title=Marcello Polisi: "I enjoy every moment of this. You’ve got to enjoy the suffering, the running, the mental fight through being injured… all of it."|date=March 30, 2023|work=[[Valour FC]]|first=Ed|last=Tait|accessdate=2025-01-27|archive-date=2025-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127065710/https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/i-enjoy-every-moment-of-this-youve-got-to-enjoy-the-suffering-the-running-the-mental-fight-through-being-injured-all-of-it|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1997|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] pkyxmg5i2ts6451l4qy7aha50lryseo 0 199561 1589644 1584509 2026-08-20T15:18:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonghyun "Johnny" Son''' (alizaliwa Mei 30, [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa soka kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-adds-three-young-local-players-to-roster|title=Forge adds three young local players to roster|date=June 24, 2021|work=[[Forge FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-01|archive-date=2025-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201085930/https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-adds-three-young-local-players-to-roster|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=19l1o>{{cite web|url=https://league1ontario.sportngin.com/roster_players/34781370|title=Johnny Son 2019 L1O Stats|work=[[League1 Ontario]]|accessdate=2025-02-01|archive-date=2025-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201085929/https://league1ontario.sportngin.com/roster_players/34781370|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-sigma-trio-2021/|date=June 24, 2021|title=Forge Adds Sigma Trio To Roster|first=John|last=Jacques|work=Northern Tribune}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2003|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] ses9vt8ourbfzdomaua5zttepo5wi7f 0 200900 1589712 1518010 2026-08-20T22:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lennon Thompson''' (alizaliwa Januari 1, [[2005]]) ni [[Mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.whitecapsfc.com/players/lennon-thompson/|title=Lennon Thompson Whitecaps profile|work=[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]}}</ref><ref name=sign>{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/lennon-thompson-james-cameron-kourosh-jamshidi-join-vfc-on-developmental-contracts|title=Lennon Thompson, James Cameron, Kourosh Jamshidi join VFC on Developmental Contracts|date=May 3, 2023|work=[[Vancouver FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-06|archive-date=2023-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514213208/https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/lennon-thompson-james-cameron-kourosh-jamshidi-join-vfc-on-developmental-contracts|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aftn.ca/tss-rovers-2022-league1-bc-squad-profile-part-two-defenders/|title=TSS Rovers 2022 League1 BC squad profile (Part Two – Defenders)|date=May 12, 2022|work=Away from the Numbers|first=Michael|last=McColl}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2005|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 0soyuvkon7h2f3pm42zr8ho479sbxc5 0 201526 1589850 1521495 2026-08-21T09:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muslim Umar''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Mugsy Umar''', (amezaliwa Juni 7, [[2003]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref name=york>{{cite web|url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/york-united-fc-signs-muslim-umar-and-andrew-romano-to-development-contracts|title=York United Signs Muslim Umar and Andrew Romano to Development Contracts|work=[[York United FC]]|date=September 23, 2021|accessdate=2025-02-15|archive-date=2023-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501041816/https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/york-united-fc-signs-muslim-umar-and-andrew-romano-to-development-contracts|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1952502851777|date=September 24, 2021|work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]|title=Meet 'Mugsy' Umar, Edmonton's latest soccer wunderkind}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.whitecapsfc.com/players/muslim-umar/|title=Muslim Umar Whitecaps profile|work=[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2003|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 9crkz06z6w2oiiuwhwk4sciw444hlj6 0 202460 1589717 1404871 2026-08-20T23:51:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Sophia Sider''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=palm>{{cite web|title=Country singer Lizzie Sider a rising star|url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/entertainment/country-singer-lizzie-sider-a-rising-star/nXJx3/|website=Palmbeachpost.com|publisher=[[The Palm Beach Post]]|accessdate=September 16, 2015|archive-date=2016-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314035730/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/entertainment/country-singer-lizzie-sider-a-rising-star/nXJx3/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://celebrity.yahoo.com/video/lizzie-sider-did-she-started-160000743.html?nf=1 Lizzie Sider: How Did She Get Started In Music?] {{Wayback|url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/video/lizzie-sider-did-she-started-160000743.html?nf=1 |date=20160305123632 }} [[Yahoo! News]]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] ntnrr0lwvmqnfj5o9w19oeymn7hse1p 0 203269 1589669 1579151 2026-08-20T17:28:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karli Whetstone''', aliyezaliwa [[Ohio]], [[Marekani]] ni mtunzi wa [[nyimbo]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki wa country]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Karli.com {{!}} Music|url=http://www.karli.com/music/|accessdate=2012-10-25|archive-date=2012-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828080649/http://www.karli.com/music/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=WSMV.com NBC 4|url=http://www.wsmv.com/story/17166882/karli-whetstones-leprechaun-surprise-cake-31512|accessdate=October 25, 2012|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222853/http://www.wsmv.com/story/17166882/karli-whetstones-leprechaun-surprise-cake-31512|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CountryWeekly.com|url=http://www.countryweekly.com/music/karli-whetstone-premieres-frozen-video|accessdate=March 16, 2016|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323213142/http://www.countryweekly.com/music/karli-whetstone-premieres-frozen-video|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=iTunes|website=[[iTunes]] |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/country-enough-ep/id1079719934|accessdate=March 16, 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 3loeqvbwug0shzx78mfr09rkldolswb 0 205594 1589715 1419111 2026-08-20T23:38:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Lisa Allen-Agostini''' (alizaliwa [[1970]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]], mhariri na mwandishi wa hadithi za kubuni, mashairi na tamthilia kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://papillotepress.co.uk/lisa-allen-agostini/|title=Lisa Allen-Agostini|date=18 February 2021|publisher=Papillote Press|accessdate=2025-03-23|archive-date=2021-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615160433/https://papillotepress.co.uk/lisa-allen-agostini/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia ni mchekeshaji wa jukwaani, akifanya maonyesho kama ''"Just Lisa"''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theworldnews.net/tt-news/comedy-friends-in-christmas-show|title=Comedy friends in Christmas show|website=The World News|date=21 November 2019}}</ref> Allen-Agostini amekuwa mwandishi wa makala katika gazeti la Trinidad and Tobago Guardian, akiandika kwa lugha ya Krioli ya Trinidad na Kiingereza Sanifu,<ref name=About>{{cite web|url=http://lisaallen-agostini.com/?page_id=2|title=About|website=Writer, Editor, Stand-Up Comedian|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> na miongoni mwa machapisho mengine ambapo uandishi wake wa habari unaonekana ni Trinidad Express, ''Caribbean Beat'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caribbean-beat.com/author/lisa-allen-agostini#axzz6jyimfucw|title=Lisa Allen-Agostini|website=Caribbean Beat|access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> ''Caribbean Review of Books'',<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://caribbeanreviewofbooks.com/crb-archive/19-february-2009/move-on-up/|title=Move on up|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|journal=The Caribbean Review of Books}}</ref> na Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Yeye ndiye mwandishi wa riwaya kwa vijana na watu wazima, na hadithi zake za kubuni na mashairi zimechapishwa sana, ikiwa ni pamoja na katika ''Lightspeed'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.destroysf.com/people-of-colour-destroy-science-fiction/|title=Destroy|magazine=Lightspeed|volume=73|issue=People Of Colo(U)R Destroy Science Fiction!|date=June 2016}}</ref> ''Wasafiri'', ''sx salon'', ''Susumba'', ''Moko'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mokomagazine.org/wordpress/playing-dragon-by-lisa-allen-agostini/|title=Playing Dragon|magazine=Moko}}</ref> ''past simple'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pastsimple.org/ps12.lallen-agostini.html|title=Lisa Allen-Agostini|website=Past Simple|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-date=2017-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002003301/http://www.pastsimple.org/ps12.LAllen-Agostini.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> na ''About Place Journal''.<ref name=AboutPlace>{{cite journal|url=https://aboutplacejournal.org/issues/works-of-resistance-resilience/2020-pandemic-blues/lisa-allen-agostini/|title=Cam and the Maskless|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|journal=About Place Journal|volume=VI|issue=II, 2020 Pandemic Blues|access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref> Yeye ni mchangiaji katika makusanyo ya ''Mothership: Tales of Afrofuturism and Beyond'' (iliyohaririwa na Bill Campbell na Edward Austin Hall, [[2013]]) na ''New Daughters of Africa'' (iliyohaririwa na [[Margaret Busby]], [[2019]]). Riwaya ya kwanza ya watu wazima ya Allen-Agostini, ''The Bread the Devil Knead'', ilichaguliwa mnamo [[Aprili]] [[2022]] kwa orodha fupi ya [[Tuzo]] ya Wanawake ya Hadithi za Kubuni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/books/fiction-books/womens-prize-for-fiction-2022-shortlist-b2065488.html|title=Women's Prize for Fiction 2022 shortlist is here – and it's a diverse range of stories|first=Eva|last=Waite-Taylor|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=27 April 2022}}</ref> == Wasifu == '''Elimu na taaluma ya fasihi ya mapema''' Mzaliwa wa Trinidad, Allen-Agostini alihudhuria Shule ya Serikali ya Lower Morvant na Shule ya Upili ya Bishop Anstey, kabla ya kupata digrii ya daraja la kwanza ya heshima katika Kiingereza katika Chuo Kikuu cha West Indies, St Augustine, <ref>{{cite web|url=https://repeatingislands.com/2018/05/12/a-black-female-writers-story-lisa-allen-agostini/|title=A Black, Female Writer's Story|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|website=Repeating Islands|date=12 May 2018|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-date=2023-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121182843/https://repeatingislands.com/2018/05/12/a-black-female-writers-story-lisa-allen-agostini/|url-status=dead}}</ref> pamoja na kusomea ufundi wa jukwaani, baada ya kuwa mwigizaji katika Warsha ya Theatre ya Trinidad. <ref name=About /> Tamaa ya Allen-Agostini ya kuwa mwandishi ilianza mapema, na ushindi wake wa mwaka [[1991]] wa shindano la kitaifa la ushairi wa shule ulikuwa msukumo kwake kujichapisha mwenyewe kitabu cha mashairi kiitwacho Something to Say mwaka [[1992]]. <ref name=About /> Alianza kazi yake kama mwanahabari kwa kufanya kazi katika Trinidad Express, kama mwandishi makala na mhariri wa jarida la kila wiki la vijana liitwalo Vox, <ref name=About /> kutoka ambapo alihamia Trinidad Guardian mwaka wa 1998. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://lisaallen-agostini.com/?p=14|title=Las lap|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|date=1 July 2010}}</ref> Mwaka [[2001]], shirika la ''Alfred Friendly Press Fellowship'' lilimwezesha kutumia miezi mitano katika The Washington Post, kabla ya kurejea kufanya kazi katika nyadhifa mbalimbali katika Trinidad Guardian hadi mwaka [[2010]]. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.337669.d2a03920de|title=Bye-bye for now|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|newspaper=Trinidad & Tobago Guardian|date=1 July 2010}}</ref> Pia ameandika kwa ''Caribbean Review of Books''. <ref>{{cite journal|url=http://caribbeanreviewofbooks.com/crb-archive/21-may-2010/greener-pastures/|title=Greener pastures|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|journal=Caribbean Review of Books|number=21|date=May 2020}}</ref> Kitabu chake cha ubunifu wa sayansi ya Vijana Wazima, The Chalice Project, kilichapishwa mwaka [[2008]], na katika mwaka huo huo alihariri na kuchangia anthology ya uhalifu Trinidad Noir. Mwaka [[2009]], alianzisha ''The Allen Prize For Young Writers'' - iliyopewa heshima ya babake - kampuni isiyo ya faida iliyojitolea kukuza talanta ya waandishi wachanga. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://geoffreyphilp.blogspot.com/2010/09/in-my-own-words-lisa-allen-agostini.html|title=In My Own Words: Lisa Allen-Agostini|website=Geoffrey Philp|date=13 September 2010|access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lisaallen-agostini.com/?p=373|title=Celebrating My Father|first=Lisa|last= Allen-Agostini|website=Writer, Editor, Stand-Up Comedian|date=15 May 2011|access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref> Alitunukiwa ufadhili wa masomo na shirika la kimataifa la utetezi la Women Deliver ili kuhudhuria mkutano wao wa [[Mei]] [[2013]] nchini [[Malaysia]]. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.399320.ccc50afccc|title=Delivering women from inequality|first=Lisa|last=Allen-Agostini|newspaper=Trinidad & Tobago Guardian|date=15 April 2013}}</ref> Pia mwaka wa 2013 aliorodheshwa kwa Tuzo ya Hollick Arvon kwa waandishi chipukizi wa Karibea <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.396969.26f3f21cda|title=7 T&T writers shortlisted for Hollick Arvon Prize|newspaper=Trinidad & Tobago Guardian|date=9 March 2013}}</ref> na alikuwa mwandishi-ndani wa mwaka 2014 Dame Hilda Bynoe katika Chuo Kikuu cha St George's huko Grenada.<ref name=Cariblit>{{cite web|url=http://www.cariblit.org/blog/-inaugural-st-georges-university-writer-in-residence-announced|title=Inaugural St. George's University writer-in-residence announced|website=CaribLit|date=20 December 2013|access-date=14 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://groundationgrenada.com/2014/03/02/writing-workshop-opportunities-with-sgus-writer-in-residence/|title=Writing Workshop Opportunities with SGU's Writer in Residence|website=Groundation Grenada|date=2 March 2014|accessdate=2025-03-23|archive-date=2022-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928134920/https://groundationgrenada.com/2014/03/02/writing-workshop-opportunities-with-sgus-writer-in-residence/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alijiunga na timu ya Trinidad and Tobago Newsday kama ripota wa kujitegemea mwaka 2017. <ref name=About /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsday.co.tt/reporter/lisa_allen-agostini/|title=Lisa's Articles|newspaper=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday}}</ref> Mwaka huo, riwaya yake ya YA Home Home ilishinda tuzo ya tatu katika Tuzo ya Burt ya ''Caribbean Young Adult Caribbean Literature'' na ilichapishwa mwaka wa 2018 na Papillote Press. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://papillotepress.co.uk/home-home/|title=Home Home|date=18 February 2021|publisher=Papillote Press}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka 2019, alianza ushirikiano wa vichekesho vya wanawake wa Karibea FemComTT na Louris Lee-Sing, wakiigiza katika hafla kama "Just Lisa" na "Lyrix", <ref>{{cite news|url=https://trinidadexpress.com/features/local/the-little-carib-and-femcom-partner-on-international-women-s-day-show/article_f78e1c64-60cf-11ea-b0e1-9f3106c4872b.html|title=The Little Carib and FemCom partner on International Women's Day show|newspaper=Trinidad Express|date=7 March 2020}}</ref> vile vile kuandaa kipindi cha gumzo mtandaoni ''The Givin' Trouble Show''.<ref name=About /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://fundmetnt.com/campaign/the-givin-trouble-show-with-femcomtt|title=The Givin' Trouble Show with FemComTT|first=Louris |last=Lee Sing|date=16 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bocaslitfest.com/2020/09/16/more-than-a-book-festival-comedy-extempo-and-more/|title=More than a book festival: comedy, extempo and more!|publisher=Bocas Lit Fest|date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Allen-Agostini alichangia ''"The Cook"'' katika New Daughters of Africa ya 2019, iliyohaririwa na Margaret Busby kwa Myriad Editions, <ref name=NDOA>{{cite book|title=New Daughters Of Africa|editor-first=Margaret|editor-last=Busby|chapter=Lisa Allen-Agostini|publisher=[[Myriad Editions]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wadadlipen.wordpress.com/2019/04/21/reading-room-and-gallery-34/|title=Reading Room and Gallery 34|website=Wadadli Pen|date=21 April 2019}}</ref> na alishiriki katika tukio lililoonyesha antholojia katika ''NGC Bocas Lit Fest''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsday.co.tt/2019/04/12/bocas-festival-celebrates-new-writing/|title=Bocas festival celebrates new writing|first=Debra|last=Greaves|newspaper=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|date=12 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPhX3dFwK70|title=New Daughters of Africa|publisher=NGC Bocas Lit Fest|date=2 May 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://newsday.co.tt/2021/02/23/lisa-allen-agostini-explores-culture-womanhood-in-new-novel/|title=Lisa Allen-Agostini explores culture, womanhood in new novel|first=Marshelle|last=Haseley|newspaper=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|date=23 February 2021|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> '''The Bread the Devil Knead (2021)''' Mnamo Mei 2021, Myriad alichapisha riwaya yake ya kwanza ya watu wazima, ''The Bread the Devil Knead'' - iliyofafanuliwa kama "riwaya tajiri, mbichi na ya dharura ya nyumbani ya ngono na maisha iliyowekwa katika mji mkuu wa Trinidad".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/myriad-publish-allen-agostinis-engrossing-insightful-and-atmospheric-novel-1226036|title=Myriad to publish Trinidad-set novel from Allen-Agostini|first=Tamsin|last=Hackett|magazine=[[The Bookseller]]|date=20 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://myriadeditions.com/books/the-bread-the-devil-knead/|title=The Bread the Devil Knead|date=20 May 2021|publisher=Myriad Editions|location=UK|isbn=978-1-912408-99-3}}</ref> Mkaguzi Joanne Owen aliandika juu yake: "Kila neno lililowekwa kikamilifu, kila sentensi iliyoundwa kikamilifu huambatana na ukweli na kugonga sana. ... Mbichi na mrembo wa kuumiza, hii kwa kweli inastaajabisha." Kulingana na Literandra: "Ni kitabu ambacho kitakufanya uhisi kukosa pumzi na hasira, ukiwa umechanganyikiwa bado unaeleweka. Ni mwaminifu, mbichi, na kuna uwezekano wa kuwapata wanawake wengi duniani kote kwani kinafichua bila huruma kile kinachoweza kumaanisha kuwa mwanamke katika ulimwengu unaoendeshwa na wanaume, na maana ya kuishi katika makutano ya jinsia, rangi, na umaskini."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://literandra.com/the-bread-the-devil-knead-by-lisa-allen-agostini/|title='The Bread the Devil Knead' by Lisa Allen-Agostini|first=Oiza|last=Cavallari|website=Literandra|date=5 May 2021|access-date=24 May 2021|archive-date=2022-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929050203/https://literandra.com/the-bread-the-devil-knead-by-lisa-allen-agostini/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Knead ni nguvu na Lisa Allen-Agostini ameweka viwango vya juu sana vya sio tu vya uandishi wa wanawake, lakini hadithi za kifasihi za kimataifa." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/1027725/in-the-bread-the-devil-knead-uninhibited-language-brings-to-life-the-horrors-of-domestic-abuse|title=In 'The Bread the Devil Knead', uninhibited language brings to life the horrors of domestic abuse|first=Sayari|last=Debnath|website=Scroll.in|date=8 July 2022|access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Miongoni mwa wengine walioisifu riwaya hiyo ni Kei Miller ("Unaingia kwenye ukurasa wa kwanza na hauji kwa pumzi hadi mwisho... Inafurahisha kabisa") na Nalo Hopkinson ("Anakushusha hadi kwenye neva mbichi ili kukujenga tena. Allen-Agostini ana jicho lisiloyumbayumba").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mrbsemporium.com/shop/books/the-bread-the-devil-knead/|title=The Bread the Devil Knead|website=Mr B's|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> Mnamo [[Machi]] [[2022]], ''The Bread the Devil Knead'' ilitangazwa kuwa imejumuishwa kwenye orodha ndefu ya Tuzo ya Wanawake ya Ubunifu, <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/books/fiction-books/womens-prize-for-fiction-longlist-2022-b2030033.html|title=The Women's Prize for Fiction 2022 longlist is here – and features five debut authors| newspaper=[[The Independent]]|first=Eva|last=Waite-Taylor|date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/news/ozeki-shipstead-and-mason-longlisted-for-womens-prize-for-fiction|title=Ozeki, Shipstead and Mason longlisted for Women's Prize for Fiction|magazine=[[The Bookseller]]|date=8 March 2022|first=Ruth|last=Comerford|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/08/womens-prize-for-fiction-longlist-five-debut-novels|title=Five debut novels make Women's prize for fiction longlist|first=Lucy|last=Knight|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 March 2022}}</ref> ikiendelea kufanya orodha fupi ya sita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://womensprizeforfiction.co.uk/features/features/announcing-the-2022-womens-prize-shortlist|title=Announcing the 2022 Women's Prize shortlist!date=27 April 2022|date=27 April 2022|publisher=Women's Prize for Fiction|accessdate=2025-03-23|archive-date=2023-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121182843/https://womensprizeforfiction.co.uk/features/features/announcing-the-2022-womens-prize-shortlist|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Six 'wonderfully diverse' novels make the Women's prize shortlist|first=Lucy|last=Knight|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/apr/27/six-wonderfully-diverse-novels-make-the-womens-prize-shortlist|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/may/01/the-guardian-view-on-trinidad-writers-women-take-the-lead|title=The Guardian view on Trinidad writers: women take the lead|author=Editorial|newspaper=The Guardian|date=1 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/may/03/why-we-female-trinidadian-writers-are-having-our-moment-monique-roffey|title='The pendulum has swung': Why we female Trinidadian writers are having our moment|author-link=Monique Roffey|first=Monique|last=Roffey|newspaper=The Guardian|date=3 May 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Trinidad na Tobago]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] lbr0fwfd0ng16s8ygyzal6y34w919u2 0 206815 1589700 1517271 2026-08-20T20:24:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elizabeth_Blackwell_and_her_daughter_(cropped).jpg |thumb|'''Kitty Barry Blackwell''']] '''Katherine "Kitty" Barry Blackwell''' (alizaliwa [[1848]]) alikuwa mhamiaji wa [[Eire|Ireland]] kwenda [[Marekani]] akiwa binti wa kuasili wa [[Elizabeth Blackwell]], mwanamke wa kwanza kupata shahada ya matibabu nchini Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Lonnes Nolen |first=Anita |date=October 1975 |title=The Feminine Presence: Women's Papers in the Manuscript Division |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_quarterly-journal-of-the-library-of-congress_1975-10_32_4/page/n94 |journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=348–365 |via=JASTOR}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=By the People Kitty Barry Blackwell: Diary (The Blackwells: An Extraordinary Family) |url=https://crowd.loc.gov/campaigns/blackwells-extraordinary-family/kitty-barry-blackwell-diary/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=crowd.loc.gov |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727182030/https://crowd.loc.gov/campaigns/blackwells-extraordinary-family/kitty-barry-blackwell-diary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=OHJ Archive |url=https://resources.ohiohistory.org/ohj/search/display.php?page=120&ipp=20&searchterm=array&vol=85&pages=319-325 |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=resources.ohiohistory.org}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1848]] [[Jamii:Wiki4Inclusion Campaign in Tanzania Phase 2]] e6jdaaolfyiz096bjrt3hz5p03hmdw7 4 208508 1589592 1589505 2026-08-20T12:58:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1589592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2257 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1382 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 314 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35003 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 16132 || ↓ -30.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 92.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2372 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 626 || ↓ -37.0% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 483 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 457 || ↓ -32.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 318 || ↓ -18.3% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 314 || ↓ -29.3% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 285 || ↓ -21.7% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 274 || ↓ -47.2% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 262 || ↓ -23.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 133 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 117 || 8.5% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} k6egs12e0577hzc1r57ps7zyai1cs7i 1589593 1589592 2026-08-20T13:00:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1589593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2257 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1382 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 314 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35004 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17961 || ↓ -29.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 103.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2372 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 626 || ↓ -37.0% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 483 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 457 || ↓ -32.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 6 || [[Rwanda]] || 352 || ↑ +76.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 318 || ↓ -18.3% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 314 || ↓ -29.3% |- | 9 || [[Irani]] || 285 || ↓ -21.7% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 274 || ↓ -47.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 133 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 117 || 8.5% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 8ymjyzin4r76be84m7voyfq2wyv5687 1589675 1589593 2026-08-20T18:46:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1589675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2257 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1382 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 314 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35004 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17961 || ↓ -29.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 103.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2372 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 626 || ↓ -37.0% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 483 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 457 || ↓ -32.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 6 || [[Rwanda]] || 352 || ↑ +76.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 318 || ↓ -18.3% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 314 || ↓ -29.3% |- | 9 || [[Irani]] || 285 || ↓ -21.7% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 274 || ↓ -47.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 133 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 117 || 8.5% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} mu1rgod3v42n4qsoywvzk5vz9gdu21c 1589676 1589675 2026-08-20T18:49:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1589676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-20) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-20)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2257 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1382 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 314 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 276 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 478 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17961 || ↓ -29.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 103.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2372 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 626 || ↓ -37.0% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 483 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 457 || ↓ -32.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 6 || [[Rwanda]] || 352 || ↑ +76.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 318 || ↓ -18.3% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 314 || ↓ -29.3% |- | 9 || [[Irani]] || 285 || ↓ -21.7% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 274 || ↓ -47.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} kyj9d36ryn6tz0ljrnkx3e3xgvla3fd 1589726 1589676 2026-08-21T01:38:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1589726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17961 || ↓ -29.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 103.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2372 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 626 || ↓ -37.0% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 483 || ↑ +1.5% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 457 || ↓ -32.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -20.3% |- | 6 || [[Rwanda]] || 352 || ↑ +76.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 318 || ↓ -18.3% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 314 || ↓ -29.3% |- | 9 || [[Irani]] || 285 || ↓ -21.7% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 274 || ↓ -47.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} kxxse8o3h5pc4apo699r2zvhc0y02ha 1589727 1589726 2026-08-21T01:42:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1589727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 4818 || ↓ -44.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 27.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 2 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 243 || ↓ -35.5% |- | 5 || [[Hispania]] || 169 || ↓ -65.0% |- | 6 || [[Vanuatu]] || 166 || ↑ +690.5% |- | 7 || [[Nigeria]] || 143 || ↓ -23.1% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 128 || ↓ -77.9% |- | 9 || [[Malawi]] || 126 || ↓ -34.4% |- | 10 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 116 || ↓ -88.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} bzi4rtb17lmisrv9oun3xlg90nwqo9l 1589777 1589727 2026-08-21T06:55:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1589777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 4818 || ↓ -44.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 27.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 2 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 243 || ↓ -35.5% |- | 5 || [[Hispania]] || 169 || ↓ -65.0% |- | 6 || [[Vanuatu]] || 166 || ↑ +690.5% |- | 7 || [[Nigeria]] || 143 || ↓ -23.1% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 128 || ↓ -77.9% |- | 9 || [[Malawi]] || 126 || ↓ -34.4% |- | 10 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 116 || ↓ -88.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} c768vxgkjg2c44p9ybfr5cnqxnlw0dk 1589778 1589777 2026-08-21T06:56:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1589778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9019 || ↓ -38.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 51.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 608 || ↓ -39.6% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 5 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 6 || [[Ethiopia]] || 247 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 7 || [[Israeli]] || 245 || ↓ -18.6% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 243 || ↓ -35.5% |- | 9 || [[Misri]] || 201 || ↓ -55.5% |- | 10 || [[Ufaransa]] || 178 || ↓ -73.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 53m0qnz64bf6r9g7c5adjru2r17ikuv 0 208999 1589743 1442822 2026-08-21T03:03:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bunny Chow Close Up.JPG|thumb|350x350px|[[Bunny chow]] iliyonakshiwa na mbogamboga.]] '''Mapishi ya [[Afrika Kusini]]''' yanaakisi mchanganyiko wa tamaduni mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Wazulu]], [[Waxhosa]], na [[Wasotho]]. Kuna wenyeji wenye asili ya nje kama vile [[Uholanzi|Waholanzi]], [[Ufaransa|Wafaransa]], [[Uhindi|Wahindi]], na [[Waingereza]]. Mchanganyiko huu umezaa urithi wa vyakula vyenye ladha na mitindo tofauti ya upishi. Chakula maarufu kinachotambulika kimataifa ni [[braai]], aina ya nyama ya kuchoma. Braai ni sehemu muhimu ya mikusanyiko ya kijamii nchini humo, ambapo nyama kama ng’ombe, kondoo na kuku huandaliwa kwa mkaa au kuni. [[Bobotie]] ni chakula kingine maarufu chenye asili ya Maboer (Waholanzi wa kale). Hupikwa kwa nyama ya kusaga iliyochanganywa na viungo mchanganyiko, tangawizi, na [[zabibu]] kavu, kisha kuokwa juu yake na mchanganyiko wa mayai na maziwa. Bunny chow ni chakula chenye asili ya [[Wahindi]] wa Durban, ambapo mkate hukatwa katikati na kujazwa mchuzi wa viungo anuwai wenye nyama au mboga. Ni maarufu kwa kuwa mlo wa haraka na wa bei nafuu. Mlo wa kawaida wa [[familia]] nyingi ni pamoja na ugali (unaojulikana kama pap) unaoliwa na nyama au mboga za majani. Katika maeneo ya vijijini, mapishi ya jadi kama mchuzi wa mihogo, mahindi na mboga za kienyeji bado yanahifadhiwa. ==Marejeo== * Van Wyk, B. (2012). ''South African Culinary Heritage''. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. * BBC Food (2023). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/bobotie_88390 Bobotie Recipe]. Iliwekwa mnamo Julai 2025. * Eat Out South Africa (2021). [https://www.eatout.co.za/article/history-bunny-chow/ The History of Bunny Chow]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Iliwekwa mnamo Julai 2025. * South African Tourism (2020). [https://www.southafrica.net/global/en/travel/article/what-s-on-the-menu-south-african-food-guide What’s on the Menu – A South African Food Guide]. Iliwekwa mnamo Julai 2025. {{Africa in topic|Mapishi ya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] gihm6p74rjjictb8i8cw2325o2e2o77 0 211229 1589656 1515989 2026-08-20T15:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Roberto Dias Guzzo''' ([[10 Julai]] [[1943]] – [[2 Agosti]] [[2025]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama ''J.R. Guzzo'', alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] kutoka [[Brazil|Brazili]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=August 5, 2008|title=Veja|url=https://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/armazem-literario/veja-36196/|access-date=August 2, 2025|website=Observatório da Imprensa|language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=October 16, 2019|title=Veja demite colunista bolsonarista José Roberto Guzzo|url=https://revistaforum.com.br/midia/2019/10/16/veja-demite-colunista-bolsonarista-jose-roberto-guzzo-62937.html|access-date=August 2, 2025|website=Revista Fórum|language=pt-BR|archive-date=2025-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818013249/https://revistaforum.com.br/midia/2019/10/16/veja-demite-colunista-bolsonarista-jose-roberto-guzzo-62937.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=PODER360|date=October 16, 2019|title=José Roberto Guzzo sai de Veja e critica a revista|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/brasil/jose-roberto-guzzo-sai-de-veja-e-critica-a-revista/|access-date=August 2, 2025|website=Poder360|language=pt-br}}</ref> == Wasifu == Guzzo alizaliwa tarehe 10 Julai 1943, huko [[São Paulo]]. Kati ya mwaka [[1976]] na [[1991]], alikuwa mhariri mkuu wa jarida la ''VEJA''.Mnamo [[Novemba]] [[2012]], alihusishwa na utata uliotokana na makala ya jarida hilo ambayo ilizingatiwa kuwa ya chuki dhidi ya mashoga, kutokana na kulinganisha ushoga na kufanya ngono na wanyama (zoophilia). Mnamo [[Oktoba]] [[2019]], Guzzo alifukuzwa kazi kutoka ''Veja'' baada ya jarida hilo kukataa kuchapisha safu yake ya maoni iliyokuwa inakosoa Mahakama ya Juu. Alifariki dunia tarehe 2 Agosti 2025. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]] gzs66mgdez7asxs3vvb9xvhf0xosvya 0 214236 1589765 1456285 2026-08-21T05:37:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Menen Asfaw''' ([[jina la ubatizo]]: '''Walatta Giyorgis'''; [[25 Machi]] [[1889]] – [[15 Februari]] [[1962]])<ref>{{cite web |title=ed. Anjahli Parnell {{pipe}} Empress Menen Asfaw, The Mother of the Ethiopian Nation |publisher=Roots-publishing |year=2011 |page=3 |url=http://www.roots-publishing.com/ |accessdate=2025-09-17 |archive-date=2025-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250910120131/http://www.roots-publishing.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> alikuwa katika orodha ya wake wa kifalme wa [[Ethiopia]] kama mke wa Mfalme [[Haile Selassie]]. ==Familia== Menen Asfaw alizaliwa [[Ambassel]], katika Jimbo la Wollo la Dola la Uhabeshi tarehe [[25 Machi]] [[1889]]. Alikuwa binti Asfaw, Jantirar wa Ambassel na Woizero Sehin Mikael. Mama yake alikuwa binti wa Mfalme Mikael wa Wollo na mjomba wake wa upande wa mama alikuwa Lij Iyasu.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ethiopian Review, Volume 2, Issue 10|date=1992|page=29|publisher=Ethiopian Review Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxVBAQAAIAAJ|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref>Ambassador [[Zewde Retta]], ''Tafari Makonnen, Rejimu ye Siltan Guzo'' ("Tafari Makonnen, the Long Journey to Power")</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1889|1962}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] c7hfjthv3ju4w45q1x86734eogexdp9 0 225188 1589624 1495551 2026-08-20T14:23:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2023_Jetsun_Pema_(cropped)01.JPG|thumb|Jetsun Pema.]] '''Jetsun Pema''' (alizaliwa 4 Juni [[1990]]) ni [[Malkia]] wa [[Bhutan]] kama mke wa Mfalme Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck tangu ndoa yao tarehe 13 Oktoba [[2011]]. Kwa sasa ndiye malkia mdogo zaidi duniani. Yeye na Mfalme wana watoto watatu: Mwanamfalme Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, mrithi dhahiri wa kiti cha enzi cha Bhutan; Mwanamfalme Jigme Ugyen Wangchuck; na Bintimfalme Sonam Yangden Wangchuck. <ref name="people-queen-family">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://people.com/kate-middleton-himalayas-queen-jetsun-pema-birthday-rare-family-photo-11748021|first=Greta|author=Bjornson|date=4 Jun 2025|accessdate=6 Oct 2025|work=People|title="Queen Jetsun, Dubbed the 'Kate Middleton of the Himalayas,' Rings in Birthday with Rare Family Photo"}}</ref> ==Maisha ya Awali na Elimu== Jetsun Pema alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Rufaa ya Kitaifa ya Jigme Dorji Wangchuck huko Thimphu mnamo 4 Juni [[1990|1990.]]<ref>https://jetsun.org/her-majesty-the-queen/</ref> Baba yake, Dhondup Gyaltshen, ni mjukuu wa Trashigang Dzongpons wawili, Thinley Topgay na Ugyen Tshering. (magavana wa Trashigang) Ambao walikuwa wanatokea Kurtoe Bhutan, mama yake Aum Sonam Choki, anatoka katika familia ya Bumthang Pangtey, mojawapo ya familia kongwe zaidi za kifahari nchini [[Bhutan|Bhutan.]]<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/future-bhutan-queen-studied-at-lawrence-school-in-himachal-pradesh-134207-2011-05-23</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Bhuti|first=Lhakpa|title=Foreign trade flow and the trade potential of Bhutan|url=https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.2005.1684|publisher=Office of Academic Resources, Chulalongkorn University|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> Baba yake Sonam Choki alikuwa kaka wa kambo wa malkia wawili wa Bhutan, Phuntsho Choden (bibi-mkubwa wa mfalme wa sasa) na dada yake Pema Dechen. Babu yake pia ni Druk Desi wa 48 na Penlop wa 10 wa Trongsa Jigme Namgyal. (baba yake Mfalme Ugyen Wangchuck na bibi yake mkubwa, Ashi Yeshay Choden). Jetsun Pema ni mtoto wa pili kati ya watano. Ndugu zake ni kaka wawili, Jigme Namgyel na Dasho Thinley Norbu. (mkubwa, ambaye ni mume wa dada wa kambo wa mfalme, Binti mfalme Ashi Euphelma Choden Wangchuck), na dada wawili, Serchen Doma na Ashi Yeatso Lhamo (mkubwa, ambaye ameolewa na kaka wa mfalme, mwanamfalme: Gyaltshab Jigme Dorji Wangchuck)<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20110917052705/http://www.businessbhutan.bt/?p=6077</ref> <ref>http://empowerednews.net/bhutan%E2%80%99s-king-set-to-marry-royal-wedding/188558/</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Himachal-educated girl to marry Bhutan king|url=http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5171320|language=en-in|access-date=2026-03-02|archive-date=2012-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615165139/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5171320|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jetsun Pema elimu ya awali aliipata akiwa Thimphu katika Shule ya Little Dragon, Shule ya Sunshine (1995–96) na hatimaye Shule ya Upili ya Chini ya Changangkha (1997–98). Kisha alipata elimu ya utawa katika Kanisa la Mtakatifu Yosefu huko Kalimpong, West Bengal, India, mnamo 1999-2000. Aliendeleza elimu yake ya sekondari katika Shule ya Upili ya Lungtenzampa huko Thimphu kuanzia 2001 hadi 2005 na kuhamia Shule ya Lawrence, Sanawar, huko Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, mwezi Aprili 2006.<ref>{{Citation|title=Bhutan king to wed Sanawar girl|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-22/india/29571021_1_bhutan-king-royal-wedding-lawrence-school-sanawar|work=The Times Of India|language=en|access-date=2026-03-02|archive-date=2011-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223184728/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-22/india/29571021_1_bhutan-king-royal-wedding-lawrence-school-sanawar|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alijiunga na shule ya Lawrence kama mwanafunzi wa Darasa la XI akasoma Kiingereza, historia, jiografia, uchumi, na uchoraji. Alimaliza elimu yake ya Sekondari ya Juu tarehe 31 Machi 2008.<ref>{{Citation|title=Lawrence School, Sanawar in celebration mode|date=2011-10-13|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Lawrence-School-Sanawar-in-celebration-mode/articleshow/10334960.cms|work=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257|access-date=2026-03-02}}</ref> Kisha akaanza elimu yake ya juu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Regent's London,<ref>{{Citation|title=The Times of India|date=2026-03-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Times_of_India&oldid=1341369791|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-03-03}}</ref> ambapo alihitimu na shahada ya mahusiano ya kimataifa, akiwa na saikolojia na historia ya sanaa kama masomo madogo.<ref name=":0" /> ==Ndoa na Familia== ===Ndoa ya kifalme=== Mnamo tarehe 20 Mei 2011, wakati wa ufunguzi wa kikao cha saba cha Bunge, mfalme alitangaza kuvalishana pete kwao, akisema "Kama Mfalme, sasa ni wakati wangu wa kuoa. Baada ya kufikiria sana nimeamua kwamba harusi itakuwa baadaye mwaka huu."<ref name=":1">https://www.facebook.com/notes/his-majesty-king-jigme-khesar-namgyel-wangchuck/20-may-2011-royal-address-to-the-7th-session-of-parliament/10150198533636761</ref> Akimuelezea Jetsun Pema, alisema "Sasa, wengi watakuwa na wazo lao kuhusu jinsi Malkia anavyopaswa kuwa—kwamba anapaswa kuwa mrembo wa kipekee, mwerevu na mkarimu. Nadhani kwa uzoefu na wakati, mtu anaweza kukua na kuwa mtu mwenye nguvu katika maisha yoyote kwa juhudi zinazofaa. Kwa Malkia, jambo muhimu zaidi ni kwamba wakati wote, kama mtu binafsi lazima awe mwanadamu mzuri, na kama Malkia, lazima awe thabiti katika kujitolea kwake kuwatumikia Watu na Nchi. Kama malkia wangu, nimempata mtu kama huyo na jina lake ni Jetsun Pema. Akiwa bado mdogo, ana moyo mkunjufu na mkarimu na tabia njema. Sifa hizi pamoja na hekima itakayotokana na umri na uzoefu zitamfanya awe mtumishi mzuri kwa taifa."<ref name=":1" /> Wawili hao walifunga ndoa tarehe 13 Oktoba 2011, huko Punakha Dzong. Sherehe hiyo ilifanyika Punakha, ikifuatiwa na sherehe ya umma huko Thimphu<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141113105312/http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=6754</ref> na Paro.<ref>http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=6802</ref> Wakati wa sherehe hiyo, Mfalme alimkabidhi Taji la Druk Gyaltsuen, akimtangaza rasmi kuwa Malkia wa Ufalme wa Bhutan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141113105131/http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=6691</ref> Harusi ilifanyika kwa mtindo wa kitamaduni na "baraka za miungu walinzi"." Ingawa Bhutan inaruhusu ndoa ya wake wengi, mfalme alisema kwamba hatawahi kuoa mwanamke mwingine.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110525003051/http://www.bhutanobserver.bt/royal-wedding-full-story/</ref> Kwa ajili ya harusi yao, Uholanzi iliwatumia wanandoa wa kifalme tulips na kumpa mmoja jina la "Malkia wa Bhutan" kwa heshima yake.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115129/http://www.bhutanandpartners.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/bhutan+partners-activities-20111.pdf</ref> ===Watoto=== [[File:The King of Bhutan, His Majesty Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the Bhutan Queen, Jetsun Pema Wangchuck and Crown Prince meeting the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, at 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Druk Gyalsey akiwa na Mfalme na Malkia wakikutana na Narendra Modi jijini New Delhi|200px]] [[File:Queen Jetsun Pema and her children in Dhaka in 2024 (PID-0009547) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|188x188px|Malkia Jetsun Pema na watoto wake huko Dhaka mwaka wa 2024]] Jetsun Pema alijifungua mtoto wake wa kwanza mnamo tarehe 5 Februari 2016 katika Jumba la Lingkana. Mfalme alikuwepo wakati wa kuzaliwa kwa mwanamfalme, anayejulikana kwa jina la Gyalsey<ref>https://www.facebook.com/KingJigmeKhesar/photos/a.485878073259.272441.43817623259/10153784738248260/?type=3&permPage=1</ref> Jina la mtoto huyo, Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, lilitangazwa tarehe 16 Aprili 2016.<ref>http://www.kuenselonline.com/hrh-the-gyalsey-to-be-named-on-zhabdrung-kuchoe/</ref> Mnamo Machi 19, 2020, akaunti rasmi za Instagram za Mfalme na Malkia ziliripoti kwamba alikuwa amejifungua mtoto wake wa pili wa kiume katika Jumba la Lingkana huko Thimphu.<ref>http://www.kuenselonline.com/hrh-the-gyalsey-to-be-named-on-zhabdrung-kuchoe/</ref><ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/B96JlfOlu50/</ref> Mnamo tarehe 30 Juni 2020, Familia ya Kifalme ilitangaza kwamba Gyalsey wa pili alikuwa amepewa jina Jigme Ugyen Wangchuck.<ref>https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/CCEH_32hQWk{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a33023469/bhutan-royal-family-gyalsey-ugyen-wangchuck-baby-name-revealed/</ref> Mnamo Septemba 9, 2023, Mfalme alitangaza kwamba Malkia alikuwa amejifungua mtoto wao wa tatu na binti pekee katika Jumba la Lingkana.<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/Cw9by_MB7LU/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==</ref> Jina la mtoto huyo, Sonam Yangden Wangchuck, lilitangazwa tarehe 9 Desemba 2023.<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/C0oxJaThXn-/?img_index=1</ref> ==Majukumu ya kifalme== [[File:The King of Bhutan, His Majesty Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck being received by the President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, at the Ceremonial Reception, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi. The Bhutan Queen.jpg|thumb|Mfalme na Malkia wakipokelewa na Rais wa India huko Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi mwaka wa 2013.|left|200px]]Baada ya ndoa yake na Mfalme, Jetsun Pema amejiunga naye katika ziara kadhaa nje ya nchi nchini [[India]],<ref>http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/bhutan-king-queen-arrive-in-india-on-9-day-visit_738071.html</ref> [[Singapuri|Singapore]],<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140313190952/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20111101-308225.html</ref> [[Japani]]<ref>http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/201111176591/jetsun-king-jigme-bhutan/</ref> na [[Uingereza]]<ref>http://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/201111256652/jetsun-pema-king-jigme/</ref>. Jetsun Pema aliandamana na Jigme Khesar katika ziara zake kadhaa za kifalme katika sehemu mbalimbali za Bhutan kabla ya harusi yao, na kama Malkia wa Bhutan, aliandamana naye katika ziara zote hizo. Ziara za kifalme kwenye [[Barabara|barabara.]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141104164043/http://www.kuenselonline.com/a-mobile-royal-court/#.VFjVzVaJWX0</ref> [[File:Queen Jetsun Pema Wangchuck Bhutan Visits Savar Mausoleum 2024-03-26 (PID-0009569).jpg|thumb|225x225px|Malkia Jetsun Pema Wangchuck wa Bhutan alipotembelea Savar Mausoleum]] Jetsun Pema ni mtetezi wa masuala ya mazingira, na Mlinzi wa Jumuiya ya Kifalme ya Ulinzi wa Mazingira (RSPN). Pia ni Balozi wa UNEP Ozone. Anafanya kazi kwa karibu na mashirika mbalimbali yanayofanya kazi na watoto wenye mahitaji maalum kama mlezi wa Ability Bhutan Society. Yeye ndiye Mlezi wa Chama cha Figo cha Bhutan (Jigten Wangchuck Tshogpa) na Wakfu wa Figo wa Bhutan.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-the-worlds-youngest-queen-2017-12</ref> Tangu mwaka 2016 amekuwa Rais wa Chama cha Msalaba Mwekundu cha Bhutan (BRCS). ==Vitu anavyovipenda== [[File:Princess Mako and Jetsun Pema 2017.jpg|thumb|Malkia akiwa na Malkia wa zamani Mako wa Japani katika uzinduzi wa Maonyesho ya 3 ya Maua ya Kifalme ya Bhutan mnamo mwaka 2017.|187x187px]]Vitu anavyovipenda [[Malkia]] ni pamoja na sanaa nzuri, uchoraji na mpira wa kikapu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Spike in Bhutan's happiness index|date=2011-05-20|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/spike-in-bhutans-happiness-index/article2035705.ece|work=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> Alikuwa nahodha wa timu yake ya shule katika michezo ya mpira wa kikapu na anaendelea kupendezwa na mchezo huo.<ref name=":0" /> Vivutio vingine alivyofanya wakati wa siku zake za shule vilijumuisha kushiriki katika bendi za shule na programu za densi. Mbali na Kizongkha, lugha ya taifa ya Bhutan, anazungumza [[Kiingereza]] na Kihindi kwa ufasaha.<ref name=":2" /> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Bhutan]] [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] 1e35tr6d2hvv430japdbr6zpddlx52f 0 226382 1589696 1499905 2026-08-20T19:55:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kini and Adams''''' ni filamu ya drama ya mwaka 1997 ya [[Burkina Faso]] iliyoongozwa na Idrissa Ouedraogo. Ilirekodiwa nchini [[Zimbabwe]] kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]]. == Muktadha == Mahali fulani kusini mwa Afrika, katika eneo kubwa linalokaliwa na wakulima maskini, marafiki wawili wanaota na kuwaza maisha bora, mbali na kijiji chao, na kuamua kuondoka na kutimiza ndoto yao. Ili kuondoka, wanajaribu kukarabati gari kuukuu kwa vipuri vya mitumba, lakini familia zao na marafiki wanawafanyia mzaha. Hatua kwa hatua, msukumo wao unapungua na urafiki wao unapungua. Hatimaye, uchungu na wivu ulikomesha urafiki kati ya watu hao wawili na kuwa maadui wakali. == Wahusika == * Vusi Kunene kama Kini * David Mohloki kama Adams * Nthati Moshesh kama Aida * John Kani kama Ben * Netsayi Chigwendere kama Binja * Fidelis Cheza kama Tapera * Sibongile Mlambo kama Bongi * Simon Shumba kama Pedlar * Walter Muparutsa kama Big Oaf * Tisa Chifunyise kama Mke wa Big Oaf == Mapokezi == Kwa filamu hii, Idrissa Ouedraogo aliteuliwa kwa ajili ya ''Palme d'Or'' katika [[Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes]] la mwaka 1997 na akashinda tuzo ya Jury katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Bermuda la mwaka 1998. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080517054534/http://www.nwfilm.org/archives/schedule_1998/nowplaying_sepoct98.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya Nje == * https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119463/ * https://fcat.es/FCAT/?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=472&Itemid=37 {{Wayback|url=https://fcat.es/FCAT/?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=472&Itemid=37 |date=20250812115248 }} [[Jamii:Filamu za Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 1997]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 41nizhuheacn23fzwgf1rgsizbzkq8o 0 226861 1589759 1502300 2026-08-21T05:03:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mauaji ya Mei 2020 katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' yalikuwa mfuatano wa mauaji yaliyotokea katika eneo la mashariki mwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] mwishoni mwa Mei [[2020]]. Mashambulizi hayo yalitekelezwa na Allied Democratic Forces, Kundi la waasi wa [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]] wenye [[itikadi kali]]. == Mauaji == Wapiganaji wa Allied Democratic Forces walivamia raia huko [[Beni (mji)|Beni]] tarehe 24 Mei na kuwaua watu tisa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=actu7|title=RDC : Au moins 13 morts dans 2 attaques attribuées aux présumés ADF à Beni|url=https://actu7.cd/2020/05/24/rdc-au-moins-13-morts-dans-2-attaques-attribuees-aux-presumes-adf-a-beni/|date=2020-05-24|accessdate=2026-01-09|archive-date=2026-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430113243/https://actu7.cd/2020/05/24/rdc-au-moins-13-morts-dans-2-attaques-attribuees-aux-presumes-adf-a-beni/|url-status=dead}}</ref> .Wapiganaji hao waliteketeza makazi kabla ya kuondoka baada ya mapigano ya risasi na vikosi vya jeshi . Wanajeshi kadhaa walipata majeraha wakati wa mapigano hayo ya risasi. Tarehe 25 Mei, Vikosi vya Allied Democratic Forces vilifanya shambulio Makutano na kuua watu 17 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en|first=News|last=Agencies|title=At least 40 killed in latest DR Congo massacre|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/27/at-least-40-killed-in-latest-dr-congo-massacre|date=2020-05-27|accessdate=2026-01-09}}</ref> . Tarehe 26 Mei, Vikosi vya Allied Democratic Forces vilifanya shambulio katika kijiji cha Samboko, katika [[Mkoa wa Ituri|jimbo la Ituri]] . Washambuliaji waliwaua watu 40 kwa kutumia mapanga na kupora chakula pamoja na vitu vya thamani katika kijiji hicho. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:historia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:2020]] s3l6v7bf1sd0ott51qbhbiiccpmckzg 0 229461 1589655 1507691 2026-08-20T15:53:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Ramón Alexanko Ventosa''' (alizaliwa [[19 Mei]], [[1956]]), anayejulikana pia kama '''Alexanko''' au '''Alesanco''', ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]], ambaye baadaye alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa soka wa Valencia CF. Katika maisha yake ya soka, beki huyo wa kati alicheza kwa mafanikio katika klabu za Athletic Bilbao na FC Barcelona, akishinda mataji mengi akiwa na Barcelona – jumla ya 16 – na kucheza mechi 367 za La Liga ndani ya misimu 17, akifunga mabao 34.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/7352959.stm|title=When Bryan Robson tamed Barca|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|author=Jonathan Stevenson and Chris Bevan|date=22 April 2008|access-date=24 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1976/12/13/pagina-26/1018205/pdf.html|title=Naufragó el Español en el centro del campo|trans-title=Español adrift in midfield|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|language=es|date=13 December 1976|access-date=24 April 2014|archive-date=2023-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121233231/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1976/12/13/pagina-26/1018205/pdf.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] smwg68djqg0292lfajml9j21kjtr2wv 0 230542 1589653 1510067 2026-08-20T15:51:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Diego Álvarez Álvarez''' (amezaliwa mjini Monforte de Lemos, [[Jimbo]] la [[Lugo]], [[21 Novemba]], [[1954]]), anayejulikana kama '''José Diego''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo mkabaji. ==Kazi ya klabu== Ingawa alizaliwa Galicia (Hispania)|Galicia, José Diego pamoja na familia yake walihamia Nchi ya Basque akiwa bado [[mtoto]] mchanga, na wakaishi Eibar. Alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu katika klabu ya eneo hilo SD Eibar|Sociedad Deportiva na akacheza misimu mitatu katika Tercera División akiwa na timu hiyo. Katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka 1974, José Diego alisajiliwa na klabu jirani ya eal Sociedad na akacheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya [[La Liga]] tarehe [[7 Septemba]] (miezi miwili kabla ya kutimiza miaka 20) katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya FC Barcelona, <ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1974/09/08/pagina-6/998874/pdf.html|title=3–2: El Barça sucumbió víctima de sus propios errores|trans-title=3–2: Barça fell victim to their own mistakes|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|language=es|date=8 September 1974|accessdate=29 September 2017|archive-date=2017-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183615/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1974/09/08/pagina-6/998874/pdf.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>akimaliza msimu wake wa kwanza akiwa amecheza mechi nane. Kuanzia 1975–76 La Liga|msimu uliofuata aliendelea kuwa mchezaji muhimu sana wa ''Txuriurdin'', akichangia mechi 96 na mabao saba katika misimu mitatu mfululizo huku timu ikitwaa ubingwa wa taifa mwaka 1980–81 La Liga na 1981–82 La Liga, pamoja na kumaliza nafasi ya pili mwaka 1979–80 La Liga. Baada ya kucheza mechi mbili tu katika msimu wa 1984–85 La Liga José Diego alistaafu soka akiwa na umri wa miaka 30. Aliichezea klabu yake kuu jumla ya mechi 349 rasmi na kufunga mabao 23. ==Kazi ya kimataifa== José Diego aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu mara moja, akicheza kipindi cha pili cha mchezo wa kirafiki waliopoteza 0–2 dhidi ya timu ya taifa ya [[Uingereza]] ya mpira wa miguu katika Camp Nou, tarehe [[26 Machi]], [[1980]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1980/03/27/pagina-3/1061675/pdf.html|title=0–2: ¡Quién estuviera en la piel de Inglaterra!|trans-title=0–2: Who wouldn't want to be England!|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|language=es|date=27 March 1980|accessdate=29 September 2017|archive-date=2017-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231240/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1980/03/27/pagina-3/1061675/pdf.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 9ly4tbnl4b7td1al4b00hrtl3bgwh5f 0 230931 1589588 1517616 2026-08-20T12:28:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isidro Rovira Tuset''' (anajulikana kama '''Rovira'''; [[15 Julai]] [[1916]] – [[20 Julai]] [[1987]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] kwa klabu ya [[Real Madrid|Real Madrid C.F.]]. Alifanya pia maonesho mawili akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Hispania ya mpira wa miguu ya kandanda ya Uhispania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/especiales/2002/02/centenario/1942_6.html|title=1902 - 2002: el centenario &#124; elmundodeporte.com|website=www.elmundo.es|accessdate=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.marca.com/blogs/ni-mas-ni-menos/2017/06/10/isidro-rovira-la-esperanza-blanca-para.html|title=Isidro Rovira, la esperanza blanca para el centro del campo|website=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|accessdate=27 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1987/07/21/pagina-9/1158029/pdf.html|title=Hemeroteca - El Mundo Deportivo - Home|website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com|accessdate=27 February 2025|archive-date=2025-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219234328/https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1987/07/21/pagina-9/1158029/pdf.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/es-ES/el-club/historia/leyendas-futbol/isidro-rovira-tuset|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|website=www.realmadrid.com|accessdate=27 February 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1916|1987}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] r7sg741a05fedhrqe415nhrq5m10413 0 231121 1589751 1519525 2026-08-21T04:11:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Antonio Martín Domínguez''' (alizaliwa [[4 Aprili]], [[1964]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kushoto.<ref>[http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1991/03/28/pagina-6/1235716/pdf.html La selección casi dió lástima (National team were nearly pitiful)] {{Wayback|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1991/03/28/pagina-6/1235716/pdf.html |date=20180911044953 }}; Mundo Deportivo, 28 March 1991</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1964|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] bk82fx8ctwk54r3pynym812t15iie1b 0 234301 1589724 1541597 2026-08-21T00:50:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luis Otero Sánchez-Encinas''' ([[22 Oktoba]] [[1893]] – [[20 Januari]] [[1955]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] aliyekuwa mwanasoka ambaye alicheza kama [[beki]] na alishiriki katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto 1920, akiwa sehemu ya timu ya Hispania iliyoshinda medali ya [[fedha]] katika mashindano hayo. Otero anatambuliwa kama mmoja wa wanasoka bora zaidi waliowahi kutoka Galicia katika historia. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu za awali za wote wawili, RC Celta de Vigo na timu ya taifa ya Hispania, na pamoja na Ramón Gil, ndiye Galician wa kwanza kushinda medali ya Olimpiki.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/luisotero.html |title=Trofeo Luis Otero (Pontevedra-Spain) 1959-2019 |work=RSSSF |date=17 February 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.galiciana.bibliotecadegalicia.xunta.es/gl/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=1083975&presentacion=pagina&posicion=3 |title=El pleito de los clubs Deportivo y Celta y la Federación regional de fútbol |trans-title=The lawsuit between the Deportivo and Celta clubs and the Regional Football Federation |language=es |website=www.galiciana.bibliotecadegalicia.xunta.es |access-date=18 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1923/11/05/pagina-2/1373991/pdf.html#&mode=fullScreen |title=Edición del Monday 5 November 1923, Página 2 - Hemeroteca |trans-title=Edition of Monday 5 November 1923, Page 2 - Newspaper library |language=es |publisher=[[La Voz de Galicia]] |website=hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com |access-date=18 June 2022 |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526101714/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1923/11/05/pagina-2/1373991/pdf.html#&mode=fullScreen |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1893|1955}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 7bpkobc4ojfe2rs0von0j8yba1nrpya 0 242696 1589589 1582118 2026-08-20T12:36:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:ISOMBE.jpg|thumb]] '''Isombe''' au kisamvu ni [[mchuzi]] wa [[mboga]] za [[majani]] wenye [[asili]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], lakini hutumiwa sana [[Rwanda]] na [[Burundi]]. Hupikwa kwa kuchemsha majani ya [[Muhogo|mihogo]] yaliyokatwa pamoja na [[nyanya]], [[Kitunguu maji|kitunguu maji,]] [[kitunguu saumu]], na mchuzi wa [[mifupa]], kisha kuongezwa [[Siagi ya karanga|siagi]] ya [[karanga]] mwishoni. Mara nyingi huliwa kwa [[ugali]], [[wali]], [[maharagwe]] au [[mkate]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Isombe {{!}} Traditional Stew From Rwanda {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/isombe|work=www.tasteatlas.com|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:24081:ed-1:v1:en|work=www.iso.org|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ISOMBE – Momkoumba|url=https://momkoumba.com/isombe/|date=2025-12-30|accessdate=2026-07-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218054635/https://www.momkoumba.com/isombe/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DSpace|url=https://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/5268|work=www.suaire.sua.ac.tz|accessdate=2026-07-25}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Mboga]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:utamaduni wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 1j0pygm05j21tzvz48xnyv7uf7gadjw 0 243836 1589723 1585268 2026-08-21T00:32:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucille C. Norville Perez''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1952]]) ni [[daktari]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika [[utafiti]] na kinga dhidi ya matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya pamoja na maambukizi ya VVU/UKIMWI. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lucille C. Norville Perez alipata elimu yake katika New York [[shahada]]Medical College, ambako alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Udaktari wa Tiba (M.D.) mwaka 1979. Baada ya kuhitimu, alikamilisha mafunzo ya udaktari bingwa (residency) katika fani ya magonjwa ya watoto (Pediatrics) katika Long Island Jewish Medical Center. Pia alifanya mafunzo ya ubobezi (fellowship) katika tiba ya afya ya vijana balehe (Adolescent Medicine) katika Hospitali ya Mount Sinai (Mt. Sinai Hospital).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College|archive-date=2017-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512071543/http://www.nymc.edu/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lucille Norville Perez, M.D. ‘79|url=http://www.nymc.edu/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|work=www.nymc.edu|accessdate=2026-08-06|author=New York Medical College|archive-date=2017-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512071543/http://www.nymc.edu/alumni/alumni-profiles/school-of-medicine-alumni/lucille-norville-perez/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cwa0wv23jl0r4o10rp2dlc2lbeegbqt 0 243862 1589719 1585287 2026-08-21T00:10:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorraine Elizabeth Graves''' ([[5 Oktoba]] [[1957]] – [[21 Machi]] [[2024]]) alikuwa mcheza ballet na [[mwalimu]] wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Norfolk’s Lorraine Graves, a trailblazing dancer and beloved teacher, dies at 66|date=2024-04-01|url=https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/norfolks-lorraine-graves-a-trailblazing-dancer-and-beloved-teacher-dies-at-66/|work=WAVY.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-07|archive-date=2024-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708204005/https://www.wavy.com/news/local-news/norfolks-lorraine-graves-a-trailblazing-dancer-and-beloved-teacher-dies-at-66/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lorraine Elizabeth Graves alizaliwa huko Norfolk, Virginia, akiwa [[mtoto]] wa Tommy E. Graves Jr., mwanzilishi wa ''Graves Funeral Home'', na Mildred Odom Graves, ambaye alikuwa mwalimu wa [[shule]]. Alianza mafunzo ya ballet akiwa na umri wa miaka minane baada ya kuvutiwa na maonyesho ya ballet yaliyoonyeshwa kwenye televisheni. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa kwanza Mwafrika Mmarekani katika [[shule]] ya ballet ya eneo lao, Academy of the Norfolk Ballet.<ref>{{Citation|last=Williams|first=Alex|title=Lorraine Graves, Pioneering Harlem Ballerina, Dies at 66|date=2024-03-31|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/31/arts/music/lorraine-graves-dead.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> Graves alipata elimu yake ya awali katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lake Taylor. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya ballet kutoka [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Indiana Bloomington ndani ya miaka mitatu, akihitimu mwaka mmoja kabla ya muda uliotarajiwa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] p7qp4sjjl5bx56iimwx59qsu5qc306w 0 243886 1589604 1585338 2026-08-20T13:42:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-François Imbernon''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1951]] huko Perpignan au Sahorre, Ufaransa) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimataifa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele) kwa klabu ya USA Perpignan. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 23 kuanzia mwaka [[1976]] hadi [[1983]], bila kufunga try yoyote. Alipata mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa tarehe [[7 Februari]] [[1976]], katika mechi dhidi ya [[Ireland]], iliyochezwa kwenye uwanja wa Parc des Princes.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240920133230/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/8490.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rugbydatabase.co.nz/player/index.php?playerId=19863 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-07 |archive-date=2025-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251027004200/https://www.rugbydatabase.co.nz/player/index.php?playerId=19863 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} c66df7689hb0bbpko564ajl0evlid4d 1589608 1589604 2026-08-20T13:49:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-François Imbernon''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1951]] huko Perpignan au Sahorre, Ufaransa) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimataifa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya lock (mchezaji wa safu ya pili ya mbele) kwa klabu ya USA Perpignan. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi rasmi 23 kuanzia mwaka [[1976]] hadi [[1983]], bila kufunga try yoyote. Alipata mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa tarehe [[7 Februari]] [[1976]], katika mechi dhidi ya [[Ireland]], iliyochezwa kwenye uwanja wa Parc des Princes.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240920133230/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/8490.html</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.rugbydatabase.co.nz/player/index.php?playerId=19863 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-07 |archive-date=2025-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251027004200/https://www.rugbydatabase.co.nz/player/index.php?playerId=19863 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} bde424o4p0tienjwyvgfv1orof7ujsl 0 243963 1589763 1585534 2026-08-21T05:29:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meiraksi''' (alifariki [[640]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Tanis]] msomi [[kusilimu|aliyesilimu]] ili kupata nafasi ya kazi kwa [[amiri]] fulani wa [[Misri]]<ref name="oca">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Martyr Mirax of Egypt |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/11/103522-martyr-mirax-of-egypt |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=www.oca.org}}</ref> lakini [[familia]] yake ilimsikitikia na kuanza kumuombea kwa [[bidii]]. Aliporudi nyumbani walimshauri sana hata akakubali kutangaza hadharani kwamba amerudi [[dini]] yake ya awali. Hatimaye aliteswa akakatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake. [[Maiti]] alitupwa [[bahari|baharini]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa la Kikopti]] na wengineo kuwa [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[11 Desemba]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Holy Martyr Mirax - Commemorated December 11|url=http://www.orthodox.net/menaion-december/11-martyr-mirax.html|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.orthodox.net}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Saint Luke Orthodox Church - Saints - Saints by Day - January - 1st|url=http://www.stlukeorthodox.com/html/saints/december/11th.cfm|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.stlukeorthodox.com|archive-date=2021-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620031118/https://www.stlukeorthodox.com/html/saints/december/11th.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliofariki 640]] [[Category:Wakopti]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] nrrcaoobhn4jcqhl7st8kweucnp88sm 0 244052 1589714 1585666 2026-08-20T23:30:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda M. Deane''' ni [[mwandishi]] na mhariri aliyezaliwa [[Uingereza]] na anayeishi Barbados. == Wasifu == Deane ni binti wa wazazi kutoka Barbados. Alipata sehemu kubwa ya [[elimu]] yake ya sekondari nchini Uingereza. Baadaye alipata shahada ya BA katika Masomo Linganishi ya Marekani kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Warwick. Amefanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari nchini Barbados, Uingereza na Marekani. Pia hufanya [[kazi]] kama mwalimu wa uandishi wa kibunifu kwa wanafunzi wa shule za msingi. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Writers Ink Barbados.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Home {{!}} BIM|url=http://www.bimlitfest.org/?p=72|work=www.bimlitfest.org|accessdate=2026-08-08}}</ref> Mwaka 2007, Deane alikuwa mhariri mwenza pamoja na Robert Edison Sandiford wa mkusanyiko wa maandishi ''Shouts from the Outfield: The ArtsEtc Cricket Anthology''. Pia amehariri mikusanyiko mingine iliyofuata. Deane pia ni mshairi na mwandishi wa [[insha]]. Kazi zake zimechapishwa katika machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo ''Poui'', ''The Caribbean Writer'' na ''Bim: Arts for the 21st Century'', pamoja na mkusanyiko ''The Understanding Between Foxes and Light''. Pia huandika vitabu vya watoto. Mwaka 2006, alishinda tuzo ya kwanza ya Frank Collymore Literary Endowment kwa mkusanyiko wake wa mashairi ''Cutting Road Blues: A Narrative''. Pia alipokea Tuzo ya Waziri Mkuu kwa kazi hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NationNews - Deane does the double|url=http://bararchive.bits.baseview.com/archive_detail.php?archiveFile=./pubfiles/bar/archive/2006/January/23/LocalNews/14514.xml&start=0&numPer=20&keyword=Robert+Sandiford&sectionSearch=&begindate=1%2F1%2F1994&enddate=12%2F31%2F2007&authorSearch=&IncludeStories=1&pubsection=&page=&IncludePages=1&IncludeImages=1&mode=allwords&archive_pubname=Daily+Nation|work=bararchive.bits.baseview.com|accessdate=2026-08-08|author=NationNews|archive-date=2017-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205101354/http://bararchive.bits.baseview.com/archive_detail.php?archiveFile=./pubfiles/bar/archive/2006/January/23/LocalNews/14514.xml&start=0&numPer=20&keyword=Robert+Sandiford&sectionSearch=&begindate=1%2F1%2F1994&enddate=12%2F31%2F2007&authorSearch=&IncludeStories=1&pubsection=&page=&IncludePages=1&IncludeImages=1&mode=allwords&archive_pubname=Daily+Nation|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] 0ex52o92y796apxy6rxrmhgcuaclqaj 0 244054 1589707 1585792 2026-08-20T21:15:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kristee Porter''' alizaliwa tarehe 7 Mei 1980. Ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa wavu na kocha wa [[Marekani]]. Alishiriki katika Mashindano ya [[Dunia]] ya Grand Prix ya Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Mpira wa Wavu mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Team Rosters|url=http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/WorldGrandPrix/2002/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?Code=USA|work=www.fivb.org|accessdate=2026-08-08}}</ref> Porter ni kocha mkuu wa timu ya mpira wa wavu ya North Texas Mean Green, ambayo ni mwanachama wa [[Mkutano]] wa Riadha wa Marekani. Aliteuliwa kuiongoza timu hiyo tarehe 26 Desemba 2021. Akiwa mchezaji, Porter alichezea Chuo Kikuu cha California, Los Angeles. Baadaye aliwahi kuwa [[kocha]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Colorado, Chuo cha Navarro, na Shule ya Sekondari ya Robert E. Lee. Tarehe 1 Novemba 2019, Porter aliingizwa katika Jumba la Umaarufu la Riadha la UCLA kutokana na kushiriki katika michezo mitatu. Alicheza katika timu za mpira wa wavu wa wanawake, mpira wa [[kikapu]] na riadha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame Members|url=https://uclabruins.com/sports/2013/7/3/208580962.aspx|work=UCLA|accessdate=2026-08-08|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710201016/https://uclabruins.com/sports/2013/7/3/208580962.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] mz6vkvjnoa4c8pidd9usihofb88646q 0 244066 1589594 1585771 2026-08-20T13:07:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jakita O. Thomas''' ni profesa mshiriki wa [[Sayansi]] ya [[Kompyuta]] na Uhandisi wa Programu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn, akiwa katika nafasi ya Philpott Westpoint Stevens Associate Professor.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=profile|url=https://eng.auburn.edu/directory/jnt0020|work=Auburn University Samuel Ginn College of Engineering|accessdate=2026-08-08|language=en|archive-date=2025-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013154420/https://eng.auburn.edu/directory/jnt0020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thomas ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wenza wa Pharaoh's Conclave, shirika linalolenga kuwashirikisha na kuwaandaa [[vijana]] kwa ajili ya taaluma na fursa zinazohusiana na [[michezo]] ya kielektroniki (eSports). Pia ni mwanzilishi wa Black ComputeHer, shirika linalojitolea kusaidia elimu ya [[teknolojia]] ya kompyuta na maendeleo ya nguvu kazi kwa wanawake na wasichana Weusi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Our Team {{!}} blackcomputeHER.org|url=https://blackcomputeher.org/our-team-old/|accessdate=2026-08-08|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] 2x5h878brnxy5gjtcsffevgk8r9sh03 0 244089 1589615 1585775 2026-08-20T14:03:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Brady''' ni aliyekuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia katika Baraza<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ohio Ladies Gallery|url=http://www.ohioladiesgallery.org/PublicOfficial.aspx?personId=97604|work=ohioladiesgallery.org|accessdate=2026-08-08|archive-date=2012-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808223105/http://www.ohioladiesgallery.org/PublicOfficial.aspx?personId=97604|url-status=dead}}</ref> la Wawakilishi la Ohio, akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 16 kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2009. Brady pia ni aliyekuwa mwanachama wa [[Kundi]] la Wabunge Weusi la [[Ohio]], linalowakutanisha wabunge Weusi wa jimbo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=bradyforhouse.com - bradyforhouse Resources and Information. This website is for sale!|url=http://www.bradyforhouse.com/index.html|work=www.bradyforhouse.com|accessdate=2026-08-08|archive-date=2011-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708090610/http://www.bradyforhouse.com/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1irpxoamo3gqqk7h2tnhqdw3blbod3j 0 244096 1589660 1585776 2026-08-20T16:05:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Joël Bats.jpg|thumb|Joël Bats]] '''Joël Bats''' (alizaliwa [[4 Januari]] [[1957]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[golikipa]]. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya uchezaji wa ngazi ya juu katika [[klabu]] za nchini Ufaransa, akicheza jumla ya mechi 553 za mashindano za klabu. Kati ya hizo, alicheza mechi 504 za Division 1 akiwa na Sochaux, Auxerre na Paris Saint-Germain, katika kipindi cha [[1976]] hadi [[1992]]. Katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa, Bats alicheza jumla ya mechi 50, ambazo zilijumuisha: * Mechi 35 za mashindano rasmi * Mechi 15 za kirafiki == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Paris Saint-Germain * Division 1: 1985–86 Ufaransa * UEFA European Championship (Kombe la Mataifa ya Ulaya): [[1984]] * Artemio Franchi Cup: [[1985]] Tuzo binafsi * Onze Mondial: 1985, [[1986]] na 1989 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9773-bats-joel/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2022-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529054801/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9773-bats-joel/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906050948/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=160350/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 6l8pmvrmd49nb2yuypzdjg86f6kjph3 1589701 1589660 2026-08-20T20:25:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Joël Bats.jpg|thumb|Joël Bats]] '''Joël Bats''' (alizaliwa [[4 Januari]] [[1957]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[golikipa]]. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya uchezaji wa ngazi ya juu katika [[klabu]] za nchini Ufaransa, akicheza jumla ya mechi 553 za mashindano za klabu. Kati ya hizo, alicheza mechi 504 za Division 1 akiwa na Sochaux, Auxerre na Paris Saint-Germain, katika kipindi cha [[1976]] hadi [[1992]]. Katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa, Bats alicheza jumla ya mechi 50, ambazo zilijumuisha: * Mechi 35 za mashindano rasmi * Mechi 15 za kirafiki == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Paris Saint-Germain * Division 1: 1985–86 Ufaransa * UEFA European Championship (Kombe la Mataifa ya Ulaya): [[1984]] * Artemio Franchi Cup: [[1985]] Tuzo binafsi * Onze Mondial: 1985, [[1986]] na 1989 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9773-bats-joel/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2022-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529054801/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9773-bats-joel/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906050948/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=160350/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 6d7dxnhauud4auo7rnaisi1nxrrqivk 0 244106 1589603 1585789 2026-08-20T13:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589603 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Alain Boumsong (novembre 2013).JPG|thumb|Jean-Alain Boumsong]] '''Jean-Alain Boumsong Somkong''' (alizaliwa [[14 Desemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya beki. Boumsong alianza maisha yake ya uchezaji wa ngazi ya juu mwaka [[1997]] katika [[klabu]] ya Ufaransa [[Le Havre]], kabla ya kujiunga na AJ Auxerre mwaka [[2000]]. Uchezaji wake mzuri akiwa Auxerre ulimsaidia kupata uhamisho kwenda Rangers mwaka [[2004]]. Msimu mmoja baadaye, alisaini na Newcastle United, ambako alitumia misimu miwili. Mwaka [[2006]], alijiunga na Juventus, iliyokuwa imeshushwa daraja hadi Serie B, na akasaidia klabu hiyo kurejea Serie A. Mwaka [[2008]], Boumsong alirejea Ufaransa na kujiunga na [[Lyon]]. Kipindi chake cha mwisho cha uchezaji kilikuwa katika klabu ya Panathinaikos ya Super League Greece, kabla ya kustaafu soka mwaka 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8542-boumsong-jean-alain/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260513103708/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8542-boumsong-jean-alain/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150922123559/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=182226/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} qcjw7x2bz2wtrp5pe1wvkvmvv9ivfkp 1589607 1589603 2026-08-20T13:48:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589607 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Alain Boumsong (novembre 2013).JPG|thumb|Jean-Alain Boumsong]] '''Jean-Alain Boumsong Somkong''' (alizaliwa [[14 Desemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya beki. Boumsong alianza maisha yake ya uchezaji wa ngazi ya juu mwaka [[1997]] katika [[klabu]] ya Ufaransa [[Le Havre]], kabla ya kujiunga na AJ Auxerre mwaka [[2000]]. Uchezaji wake mzuri akiwa Auxerre ulimsaidia kupata uhamisho kwenda Rangers mwaka [[2004]]. Msimu mmoja baadaye, alisaini na Newcastle United, ambako alitumia misimu miwili. Mwaka [[2006]], alijiunga na Juventus, iliyokuwa imeshushwa daraja hadi Serie B, na akasaidia klabu hiyo kurejea Serie A. Mwaka [[2008]], Boumsong alirejea Ufaransa na kujiunga na [[Lyon]]. Kipindi chake cha mwisho cha uchezaji kilikuwa katika klabu ya Panathinaikos ya Super League Greece, kabla ya kustaafu soka mwaka 2013. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8542-boumsong-jean-alain/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260513103708/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8542-boumsong-jean-alain/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150922123559/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=182226/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} tqpxjxqo3nrb0mdwq3evcb8ajcxab97 0 244116 1589733 1585809 2026-08-21T02:35:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589733 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Mamadou Sakho 2014.jpg|thumb|Mamadou Sakho 2014]] '''Mamadou Sakho''' (alizaliwa [[13 Februari]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kati. Sakho alianza maisha yake ya soka katika Paris FC, kabla ya kujiunga na mfumo wa [[vijana]] wa Paris Saint-Germain mwaka [[2002]]. Mwezi Oktoba [[2007]], katika mchezo wake wa kwanza wa [[ligi]], alikua mchezaji mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuwa [[nahodha]] wa klabu ya Ligue 1. Alicheza zaidi ya mechi 200 akiwa na Paris Saint-Germain, na alishinda mataji yote manne ya mashindano ya ndani akiwa na klabu hiyo. Mwaka [[2013]], ... == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 2012, Sakho alifunga [[ndoa]] na Majda, mbunifu wa mitindo mwenye asili ya [[Morocco]]. Wana watoto wanne: mabinti watatu, Aida, Sienna na Niya, waliozaliwa mwaka 2013, [[2015]] na [[2023]], pamoja na mtoto wa kiume Tidiane, aliyezaliwa mwaka [[2018]]. Akiwa mchezaji wa [[Liverpool]], Sakho alishiriki katika shughuli za kijamii za klabu hiyo kwa kusaidia kufundisha [[lugha]] ya Kifaransa kwa watoto wa eneo hilo. Sakho ni Muislamu. <ref>https://www.liverpoolfc.com/info/mamadou-sakho</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8792-sakho-mamadou/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260422055041/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8792-sakho-mamadou/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906021558/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=274135/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} iqrrr6g3bug5otq2d9nlrccpmvku7ko 1589753 1589733 2026-08-21T04:18:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589753 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Mamadou Sakho 2014.jpg|thumb|Mamadou Sakho 2014]] '''Mamadou Sakho''' (alizaliwa [[13 Februari]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kati. Sakho alianza maisha yake ya soka katika Paris FC, kabla ya kujiunga na mfumo wa [[vijana]] wa Paris Saint-Germain mwaka [[2002]]. Mwezi Oktoba [[2007]], katika mchezo wake wa kwanza wa [[ligi]], alikua mchezaji mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuwa [[nahodha]] wa klabu ya Ligue 1. Alicheza zaidi ya mechi 200 akiwa na Paris Saint-Germain, na alishinda mataji yote manne ya mashindano ya ndani akiwa na klabu hiyo. Mwaka [[2013]], ... == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 2012, Sakho alifunga [[ndoa]] na Majda, mbunifu wa mitindo mwenye asili ya [[Morocco]]. Wana watoto wanne: mabinti watatu, Aida, Sienna na Niya, waliozaliwa mwaka 2013, [[2015]] na [[2023]], pamoja na mtoto wa kiume Tidiane, aliyezaliwa mwaka [[2018]]. Akiwa mchezaji wa [[Liverpool]], Sakho alishiriki katika shughuli za kijamii za klabu hiyo kwa kusaidia kufundisha [[lugha]] ya Kifaransa kwa watoto wa eneo hilo. Sakho ni Muislamu. <ref>https://www.liverpoolfc.com/info/mamadou-sakho</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8792-sakho-mamadou/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260422055041/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8792-sakho-mamadou/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906021558/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=274135/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5a1ctujbhx5jsyh3597x40a974tq6p6 0 244147 1589720 1585870 2026-08-21T00:19:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589720 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Loïc Perrin (03-08-2011).jpg|thumb|Loïc Perrin]] '''Loïc Bruno Perrin''' (alizaliwa [[7 Agosti]] [[1985]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kati. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka la kulipwa katika [[klabu]] ya kwao, Saint-Étienne. == Maisha ya Klabu == Perrin alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza akiwa na Saint-Étienne mwaka [[2003]], wakati klabu hiyo ilipokuwa ikishiriki Ligue 2. Tarehe 20 Aprili 2013, Perrin aliichezea Saint-Étienne katika [[fainali]] ya [[Kombe]] la Ligi la Ufaransa, ambapo Saint-Étienne iliifunga Rennes na kushinda kombe hilo. Mwaka [[2017]], Perrin alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu uliomuweka Saint-Étienne hadi mwaka [[2020]].<ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/loic-perrin/227546</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8733-perrin-loic/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2025-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308171950/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8733-perrin-loic/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kghldu463yoye5lyp1mbs7p5lztjxjk 1589749 1589720 2026-08-21T04:08:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589749 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Loïc Perrin (03-08-2011).jpg|thumb|Loïc Perrin]] '''Loïc Bruno Perrin''' (alizaliwa [[7 Agosti]] [[1985]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kati. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka la kulipwa katika [[klabu]] ya kwao, Saint-Étienne. == Maisha ya Klabu == Perrin alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza akiwa na Saint-Étienne mwaka [[2003]], wakati klabu hiyo ilipokuwa ikishiriki Ligue 2. Tarehe 20 Aprili 2013, Perrin aliichezea Saint-Étienne katika [[fainali]] ya [[Kombe]] la Ligi la Ufaransa, ambapo Saint-Étienne iliifunga Rennes na kushinda kombe hilo. Mwaka [[2017]], Perrin alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu uliomuweka Saint-Étienne hadi mwaka [[2020]].<ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/loic-perrin/227546</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8733-perrin-loic/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2025-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308171950/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8733-perrin-loic/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} k1urdk718tvwn0juqq09ulmzdfe856p 0 244148 1589745 1585873 2026-08-21T03:10:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589745 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OL-Zenit (2).jpg|thumb|Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa]] '''Mapou Nzapali Yanga-Mbiwa''' (alizaliwa [[15 Mei]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye anacheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kati. == Maisha ya Awali na Kazi == Yanga-Mbiwa alizaliwa Bangui, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], lakini alihamia Ufaransa akiwa na umri wa miaka minane. Alikulia Port-de-Bouc, katika [[eneo]] la Bouches-du-Rhône, ambalo liko karibu na jiji la [[Marseille]]. == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Montpellier * Ligue 1: [[2011]]–12 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8041-yanga-mbiwa-mapou/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2025-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219073854/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8041-yanga-mbiwa-mapou/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/mapou-yanga-mbiwa/221704</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 1tyw56763kih80vf2h17y1ez0qnivbj 1589754 1589745 2026-08-21T04:21:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OL-Zenit (2).jpg|thumb|Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa]] '''Mapou Nzapali Yanga-Mbiwa''' (alizaliwa [[15 Mei]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye anacheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kati. == Maisha ya Awali na Kazi == Yanga-Mbiwa alizaliwa Bangui, [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]], lakini alihamia Ufaransa akiwa na umri wa miaka minane. Alikulia Port-de-Bouc, katika [[eneo]] la Bouches-du-Rhône, ambalo liko karibu na jiji la [[Marseille]]. == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Montpellier * Ligue 1: [[2011]]–12 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8041-yanga-mbiwa-mapou/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2025-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219073854/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8041-yanga-mbiwa-mapou/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/mapou-yanga-mbiwa/221704</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} l41jmp1diy3mfpscnwrpwgbye5sc8wf 0 244250 1589721 1586047 2026-08-21T00:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loïc Alex Teliére Hubert Rémy''' (alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Rémy alianza maisha yake ya soka akicheza katika [[klabu]] ya vijana ya eneo la kwao katika jiji la Lyon, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu kubwa zaidi ya jiji hilo, [[Lyon]], ambako alijiunga na akademi ya vijana. Mwaka [[2005]], alipandishwa katika kikosi cha wakubwa, lakini alishindwa kujihakikishia nafasi ya kudumu katika misimu yake mitatu chini ya makocha Gérard Houllier na Alain Perrin. Mwaka [[2008]], alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Lens. Baada ya kufanya vizuri katika kipindi hicho, Nice ilimsajili kabisa kabla ya kuanza kwa msimu wa [[2008]]–09. == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Lyon * Ligi Kuu ya Ufaransa (Ligue 1): [[2006]]–07 * Kombe la Mabingwa la Ufaransa (Trophée des Champions): 2006, [[2007]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8767-remy-loic/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421193904/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8767-remy-loic/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906015908/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=299878/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} pi2h27q5xo76seeprroclmrvv3t7zdm 1589750 1589721 2026-08-21T04:08:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loïc Alex Teliére Hubert Rémy''' (alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Rémy alianza maisha yake ya soka akicheza katika [[klabu]] ya vijana ya eneo la kwao katika jiji la Lyon, kabla ya kujiunga na klabu kubwa zaidi ya jiji hilo, [[Lyon]], ambako alijiunga na akademi ya vijana. Mwaka [[2005]], alipandishwa katika kikosi cha wakubwa, lakini alishindwa kujihakikishia nafasi ya kudumu katika misimu yake mitatu chini ya makocha Gérard Houllier na Alain Perrin. Mwaka [[2008]], alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Lens. Baada ya kufanya vizuri katika kipindi hicho, Nice ilimsajili kabisa kabla ya kuanza kwa msimu wa [[2008]]–09. == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Lyon * Ligi Kuu ya Ufaransa (Ligue 1): [[2006]]–07 * Kombe la Mabingwa la Ufaransa (Trophée des Champions): 2006, [[2007]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8767-remy-loic/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421193904/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8767-remy-loic/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906015908/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=299878/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5jrs419wz8dkcq7uj1qvumcrmbiqlym 0 244253 1589599 1589533 2026-08-20T13:32:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guillaume Hoarau''' (alizaliwa [[5 Machi]] [[1984]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. == Maisha ya Klabu — Mwanzo wa Uchezaji == Hoarau alianza maisha yake ya soka katika JS Saint-Pierroise, klabu iliyoko Réunion, ambako ndiko alikozaliwa na kukulia. Mwaka [[1995]], maskauti wa Le Havre AC walimwona Hoarau, lakini walimchukulia kuwa alikuwa mwembamba sana, hivyo wakamsajili mwenzake wa wakati huo, Florent Sinama-Pongolle, badala yake. Baada ya kumvutia [[kocha]] wa Le Havre wakati huo, Jean-François Domergue, Hoarau alisaini [[mkataba]] wake wa kwanza wa soka la kulipwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 20, mwezi Januari [[2004]], na Le Havre. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8482-hoarau-guillaume/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260517083455/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8482-hoarau-guillaume/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/guillaume-hoarau/226601</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ssemdprx1fpd11ka1znzr6seh4okbbc 0 244262 1589637 1586066 2026-08-20T14:39:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jimmy Julien Briand''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1985]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alianza kucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]], lakini baadaye alitumika kama winga. Katika kipindi cha miaka 20 ya maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa, Briand alicheza katika Ligue 1 kwa klabu za Rennes, [[Lyon]], Guingamp na Bordeaux, pamoja na kucheza katika Bundesliga nchini [[Ujerumani]] akiwa na Hannover 96. Briand ni mhitimu wa akademi ya Clairefontaine. Aliiwakilisha Ufaransa katika timu za taifa za vijana, akiwemo Ufaransa chini ya miaka 21. Baadaye aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi tano kati ya [[2008]] na [[2012]]. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa tarehe 11 Oktoba [[2008]] dhidi ya [[Romania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8452-briand-jimmy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511153929/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8452-briand-jimmy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.verif.com/dirigeants/Jimmy-BRIAND-3344397/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} hf9vcycanibl93kgnql4r7og0bt0j12 1589699 1589637 2026-08-20T20:18:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jimmy Julien Briand''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1985]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alianza kucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]], lakini baadaye alitumika kama winga. Katika kipindi cha miaka 20 ya maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa, Briand alicheza katika Ligue 1 kwa klabu za Rennes, [[Lyon]], Guingamp na Bordeaux, pamoja na kucheza katika Bundesliga nchini [[Ujerumani]] akiwa na Hannover 96. Briand ni mhitimu wa akademi ya Clairefontaine. Aliiwakilisha Ufaransa katika timu za taifa za vijana, akiwemo Ufaransa chini ya miaka 21. Baadaye aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika mechi tano kati ya [[2008]] na [[2012]]. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa tarehe 11 Oktoba [[2008]] dhidi ya [[Romania]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8452-briand-jimmy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511153929/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8452-briand-jimmy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.verif.com/dirigeants/Jimmy-BRIAND-3344397/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} nuu3lbqbzug8tzmxmvgaseen335izqk 0 244265 1589666 1586071 2026-08-20T16:41:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jérémy Ménez''' (alizaliwa [[7 Mei]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ménez ameelezewa kuwa ni mchezaji anayeweza kutumia miguu yote miwili, mwenye ujuzi mkubwa wa kiufundi, kasi, na uwezo wa kuchezesha na kuunda mashambulizi. Ménez alianza maisha yake ya [[soka]] akicheza katika [[klabu]] mbalimbali za [[eneo]] la Île-de-France, zikiwemo Centre de Formation de Paris na CSF Brétigny. Mwaka [[2001]], alihamia Sochaux, ambako alitumia miaka minne katika akademi ya vijana ya klabu hiyo. Mwezi Machi 2004. == Maisha ya Klabu — Mwanzo wa Uchezaji == Jérémy Ménez alizaliwa Longjumeau, katika wilaya ya Essonne, nchini Ufaransa. Akiwa [[mtoto]], alikulia Vitry-sur-Seine, eneo lililo karibu na alikozaliwa. Akiwa anakua, alikuwa shabiki wa Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), klabu ya soka iliyokuwa ya nyumbani kwake. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8685-menez-jeremy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511233941/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8685-menez-jeremy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/jeremy-menez/226676</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} m38aq0hyel0cyn8cezrx6aeijprplnr 1589702 1589666 2026-08-20T20:28:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jérémy Ménez''' (alizaliwa [[7 Mei]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Ménez ameelezewa kuwa ni mchezaji anayeweza kutumia miguu yote miwili, mwenye ujuzi mkubwa wa kiufundi, kasi, na uwezo wa kuchezesha na kuunda mashambulizi. Ménez alianza maisha yake ya [[soka]] akicheza katika [[klabu]] mbalimbali za [[eneo]] la Île-de-France, zikiwemo Centre de Formation de Paris na CSF Brétigny. Mwaka [[2001]], alihamia Sochaux, ambako alitumia miaka minne katika akademi ya vijana ya klabu hiyo. Mwezi Machi 2004. == Maisha ya Klabu — Mwanzo wa Uchezaji == Jérémy Ménez alizaliwa Longjumeau, katika wilaya ya Essonne, nchini Ufaransa. Akiwa [[mtoto]], alikulia Vitry-sur-Seine, eneo lililo karibu na alikozaliwa. Akiwa anakua, alikuwa shabiki wa Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), klabu ya soka iliyokuwa ya nyumbani kwake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8685-menez-jeremy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511233941/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8685-menez-jeremy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/jeremy-menez/226676</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} fbe5mg8mycni7sss8vfh1cs17jrla78 0 244266 1589591 1586095 2026-08-20T12:50:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackie Richardson''' (aliyezaliwa [[4 Januari]], [[1947]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]. Richardson anajulikana kwa nafasi zake katika filamu na vipindi vya televisheni kama vile ''Turning to Stone'', ''The Gospel According to the Blues'', ''The Doodlebops'', na ''Sins of the Father''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stanley|first1=Laura|title=Jackie Ricardson|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jackie-richardson/|website=Canadian Encyclopedia|accessdate=1 March 2016|archive-date=2024-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313183416/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jackie-richardson|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia anajulikana kwa kuonekana katika kipindi cha YTV ''Catwalk'', ambapo alicheza nafasi ya nyanya wa Atlas (Christopher Lee Clements). ==Maisha ya awali== Richardson alizaliwa Donora, [[Pennsylvania]] mwaka 1947, na ana asili ya [[Afrika]] - [[Amerika]]. Mwaka 1954, Richardson alihamia [[Toronto]] pamoja na familia yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jackie-richardson/|title=Jackie Richardson|last=Stanley|first=Laura|date=|website=Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher=|access-date=2016-07-25|archive-date=2016-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806174258/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jackie-richardson/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] e8yed427n51pkils3i1l4vld0p5ac5s 0 244292 1589597 1589519 2026-08-20T13:28:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georginio Rutter''' (alizaliwa [[20 Aprili]] [[2002]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye hucheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] au kiungo mshambuliaji kwa klabu ya Brighton & Hove Albion ya Premier League nchini [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha ya Klabu == Rennes Tarehe 26 Septemba [[2020]], Rutter alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya kikazi akiwa na Rennes, alipoingia uwanjani kuchukua nafasi ya Mfaransa mwenzake Eduardo Camavinga katika mchezo dhidi ya Saint-Étienne. Rutter pia aliichezea Rennes II, na kufanya mechi yake ya kwanza katika [[ligi]] dhidi ya Montagnarde tarehe 25 Agosti [[2018]]. Alifunga goli lake la kwanza katika ligi tarehe 31 Agosti 2019 dhidi ya La Tour Auvergne [[Rennes]], akifunga katika dakika ya 27 ya mchezo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9679-rutter-georginio/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2022-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110174510/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9679-rutter-georginio/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/64256101</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} lftpn1886hcezsyahimke53ulqc8qly 0 244303 1589706 1586146 2026-08-20T21:03:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kombe la Ufaransa''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Coupe de France'') ni mashindano makuu ya kumpata mshindi wa kombe la taifa katika mchezo wa [[mpira wa miguu]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Mashindano haya huandaliwa na [[Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu la Ufaransa]] (FFF) na yalianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1917.<ref name="FFF-CDF">{{cite web |title=Coupe de France - Histoire |url=https://www.fff.fr/competition/engagement/393278-coupe-de-france/index.html |publisher=[[FFF]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mashindano haya yako wazi kwa klabu zote za mpira wa miguu zinazoshiriki mfumo wa ligi za Ufaransa, kuanzia klabu za wataalamu za [[Ligue 1]] na [[Ligue 2]] hadi klabu za ngazi ya chini za bila malipo, pamoja na klabu kutoka maeneo ya ng'ambo ya Ufaransa kama vile [[Guadeloupe]], [[Martinique]], [[French Guiana]], [[Tahiti]], na [[Réunion]].<ref name="UEFA-CDF">{{cite web |title=Coupe de France overview |url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/fra/domestictrophies/ |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> Tofauti na ligi za kawaida, Kombe la Ufaransa huchezwa kwa mfumo wa mtoano wa mechi moja tu. Ikiwa timu mbili za ngazi tofauti za ligi zimepangwa kucheza, timu kutoka ligi ya chini hupewa faida ya kucheza katika uwanja wake wa nyumbani ikiwa inatofautiana kwa ngazi mbili au zaidi na mpinzani wake.<ref name="FFF-Reglement">{{cite web |title=Reglement de la Coupe de France |url=https://www.fff.fr/organisation/reglements |publisher=[[FFF]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mshindi wa Kombe la Ufaransa hupata nafasi ya kufuzu moja kwa moja kucheza katika hatua ya makundi ya [[UEFA Europa League]] kwa msimu unaofuata, pamoja na haki ya kucheza mechi ya [[Trophée des Champions]] dhidi ya bingwa wa Ligue 1.<ref name="LFP-Trophée">{{cite web |title=Trophée des Champions |url=https://www.lfp.fr/tropheeChampions |publisher=LFP |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] ndiyo klabu iliyoshinda kombe hili mara nyingi zaidi katika historia ya mashindano hayo.<ref name="FFF-CDF" /> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{fr}} [https://www.fff.fr/coupe-de-france Ukurasa rasmi wa Coupe de France katika tovuti ya FFF]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Mpira wa miguu nchini Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Makombe ya mpira wa miguu ya taifa]] 50fpzp44k3j4g8hp3fjq4hlwq6914di 0 244309 1589713 1586149 2026-08-20T23:18:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ligue 2''' (pia inajulikana kama '''Ligi ya Daraja la Pili Ufaransa''') ni daraja la pili la [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Ufaransa]] kwa wanaume, ikiwa chini ya [[Ligue 1]]. Ligi hii inasimamiwa na Ligi ya Mpira wa Miguu ya Kulipwa (LFP) chini ya idhini ya [[Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu la Ufaransa]] (FFF).<ref name="LFP-L2">{{cite web |title=LFP Ligue 2 - Présentation |url=https://www.lfp.fr/ligue2 |publisher=LFP |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> Ligi hii ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1933, mwaka mmoja baada ya uanzishwaji wa daraja la kwanza la mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa nchini humo, na ilijulikana kama *Division 2* kabla ya kubadilishwa jina na kuwa Ligue 2 mnamo mwaka 2002.<ref name="FFF-L2-History">{{cite web |title=Histoire du football professionnel français |url=https://www.fff.fr/histoire/ |publisher=[[FFF]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Inashirikisha jumla ya klabu 18 zinazochuana katika mfumo wa nyumbani na ugenini. Timu mbili za juu mwishoni mwa msimu hupanda daraja moja kwa moja kwenda Ligue 1, wakati timu zitakazomaliza katika nafasi za chini hushuka daraja kwenda ligi ya daraja la tatu ya Championnat National. Hatua ya mchujano (play-offs) pia hutumika kubaini timu nyingine inayoweza kupanda au kusalia darajani.<ref name="LFP-Reglement">{{cite web |title=Règlement des compétitions - Ligue 2 |url=https://www.lfp.fr/organisation/reglements |publisher=LFP |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya Nje == * {{fr}} [https://www.ligue2.fr Tovuti rasmi ya Ligue 2] {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Mpira wa miguu nchini Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Ligi za mpira wa miguu Ulaya]] j4w94hq0bdki5qmh0zm56nte49bh8j1 0 244316 1589756 1586166 2026-08-21T04:47:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mathieu Pierre Flamini''' (alizaliwa [[7 Machi]] [[1984]]) ni mjasiriamali wa [[Ufaransa]] na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa. Akiwa kiungo, alicheza katika klabu ya [[Marseille]] nchini Ufaransa, Arsenal na Crystal Palace nchini [[Uingereza]], Milan nchini [[Italia]], na Getafe nchini [[Hispania]]. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Flamini aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa mara tatu. Flamini ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa GF Biochemicals, [[kampuni]] inayojulikana kuwa ya kwanza [[duniani]] kufanikiwa kuzalisha asidi ya levulinic kwa kiwango kikubwa cha kibiashara. == Maisha ya Klabu == Marseille Flamini alizaliwa Marseille, Ufaransa, na alianza maisha yake ya soka katika timu ya [[vijana]] ya klabu yake ya nyumbani, Marseille. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa tarehe 20 Desemba [[2003]], katika ushindi wa 1–0 dhidi ya [[Toulouse]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8509-flamini-mathieu/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301080310/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8509-flamini-mathieu/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151120075317/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=214567/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} sksvbp0vq18ixd7y54r95bo4wnkrm81 1589880 1589756 2026-08-21T10:13:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mathieu Pierre Flamini''' (alizaliwa [[7 Machi]] [[1984]]) ni mjasiriamali wa [[Ufaransa]] na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa. Akiwa kiungo, alicheza katika klabu ya [[Marseille]] nchini Ufaransa, Arsenal na Crystal Palace nchini [[Uingereza]], Milan nchini [[Italia]], na Getafe nchini [[Hispania]]. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Flamini aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa mara tatu. Flamini ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa GF Biochemicals, [[kampuni]] inayojulikana kuwa ya kwanza [[duniani]] kufanikiwa kuzalisha asidi ya levulinic kwa kiwango kikubwa cha kibiashara. == Maisha ya Klabu == Marseille Flamini alizaliwa Marseille, Ufaransa, na alianza maisha yake ya soka katika timu ya [[vijana]] ya klabu yake ya nyumbani, Marseille. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa tarehe 20 Desemba [[2003]], katika ushindi wa 1–0 dhidi ya [[Toulouse]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8509-flamini-mathieu/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301080310/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8509-flamini-mathieu/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151120075317/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=214567/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} bntl3f0y98s6ugorftdrm63ljnkrsb2 0 244319 1589667 1586169 2026-08-20T16:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jérémy Toulalan''' (alizaliwa [[10 Septemba]] [[1983]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo mkabaji, ingawa pia aliwahi kutumika kama beki wa kati. Toulalan alijulikana kwa tabia yake ya unyenyekevu, ugawaji rahisi wa [[mpira]], uwezo mzuri wa kiufundi na umahiri katika kukaba. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya kwao, [[Nantes]], na alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya kikazi mwezi Machi [[2002]]. Uchezaji wake katika msimu wa [[2004]]–05 ulimsaidia kushinda [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa UNFP Ligue 1, na pia alichaguliwa katika Kikosi Bora cha [[Msimu]] cha Ligue 1. == Heshima na Mataji == Lyon * Ligue 1: [[2006]]–07, 2007–08 * Coupe de France: 2007–08 * Trophée des Champions: 2006, [[2007]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8687-toulalan-jeremy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260608014520/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8687-toulalan-jeremy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151012111118/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=254145/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} gekeif72vmyh2rqusei0llqnlathykg 1589703 1589667 2026-08-20T20:28:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jérémy Toulalan''' (alizaliwa [[10 Septemba]] [[1983]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo mkabaji, ingawa pia aliwahi kutumika kama beki wa kati. Toulalan alijulikana kwa tabia yake ya unyenyekevu, ugawaji rahisi wa [[mpira]], uwezo mzuri wa kiufundi na umahiri katika kukaba. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya kwao, [[Nantes]], na alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya kikazi mwezi Machi [[2002]]. Uchezaji wake katika msimu wa [[2004]]–05 ulimsaidia kushinda [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa UNFP Ligue 1, na pia alichaguliwa katika Kikosi Bora cha [[Msimu]] cha Ligue 1. == Heshima na Mataji == Lyon * Ligue 1: [[2006]]–07, 2007–08 * Coupe de France: 2007–08 * Trophée des Champions: 2006, [[2007]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8687-toulalan-jeremy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260608014520/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8687-toulalan-jeremy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151012111118/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=254145/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 7ac2xhwahrtix29cbat5e91opre6gjx 0 244330 1589755 1586185 2026-08-21T04:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mathieu Alain Daniel Bodmer''' (alizaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1982]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo. Akiwa mchezaji wa zamani wa timu za taifa za [[vijana]] za Ufaransa, Bodmer alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kiufundi, ujuzi wa kuunda na kuanzisha mashambulizi pamoja na uwezo mzuri wa kupiga na [[kufunga]] mabao. == Maisha ya Klabu == Mwanzo wa Maisha ya Soka Bodmer alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika Évreux AC (sasa inajulikana kama Évreux FC) akiwa na umri wa miaka 14. Mwaka [[1998]], alihamia Stade Malherbe Caen, [[klabu]] iliyokuwa ikishiriki daraja la pili la soka la Ufaransa. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mwaka [[2000]]. Katika msimu huo, alicheza katika mechi 24, na kufikia mwisho wa msimu wa [[2002]]–03, alikuwa tayari amecheza mechi 79 kwa klabu hiyo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/10036-bodmer-mathieu/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125092345/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/10036-bodmer-mathieu/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/mathieu-bodmer/128512</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} cyua7h64pr82rd30rcdfn312egn56f0 1589878 1589755 2026-08-21T10:13:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mathieu Alain Daniel Bodmer''' (alizaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1982]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo. Akiwa mchezaji wa zamani wa timu za taifa za [[vijana]] za Ufaransa, Bodmer alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kiufundi, ujuzi wa kuunda na kuanzisha mashambulizi pamoja na uwezo mzuri wa kupiga na [[kufunga]] mabao. == Maisha ya Klabu == Mwanzo wa Maisha ya Soka Bodmer alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika Évreux AC (sasa inajulikana kama Évreux FC) akiwa na umri wa miaka 14. Mwaka [[1998]], alihamia Stade Malherbe Caen, [[klabu]] iliyokuwa ikishiriki daraja la pili la soka la Ufaransa. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mwaka [[2000]]. Katika msimu huo, alicheza katika mechi 24, na kufikia mwisho wa msimu wa [[2002]]–03, alikuwa tayari amecheza mechi 79 kwa klabu hiyo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/10036-bodmer-mathieu/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125092345/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/10036-bodmer-mathieu/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/mathieu-bodmer/128512</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} rzx2rvcias9d4f8neebo6a8o0qu2svs 0 244337 1589665 1586194 2026-08-20T16:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589665 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Just Fontaine en 1958.jpg|thumb|Just Fontaine]] '''Just Louis Fontaine''' (hutamkwa ; [[18 Agosti]] [[1933]] – [[28 Februari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Fontaine ndiye anayeshikilia [[rekodi]] ya kufunga mabao mengi zaidi katika [[Kombe]] moja la [[Dunia]] la FIFA, baada ya kufunga mabao 13 katika mechi 6 katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[1958]]. Mwezi Machi [[2004]], [[Pelé]] alimtaja Fontaine miongoni mwa wachezaji 125 bora zaidi waliokuwa hai duniani, katika hafla ya [[tuzo]] za FIFA. == Maisha ya Awali na Maisha ya Soka == Fontaine alizaliwa Marrakesh, [[Morocco]], akiwa mtoto wa baba Mfaransa na mama mwenye asili ya [[Hispania]]. Baadaye alihamia Casablanca, ambako alisoma katika Lycée Lyautey. Fontaine alianza kucheza [[soka]] kwa kiwango cha amateur katika [[klabu]] ya US Marocaine, ambako alicheza kuanzia [[1950]] hadi [[1953]]. Mwaka [[1953]], klabu ya Nice ilimsajili. Akiwa Nice, alifunga mabao 44 katika misimu mitatu. <ref>https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9771-fontaine-just/fiche.html{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150905220314/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=29875/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} n5l33767698e7fx0t6nhcpvd8pxnepl 0 244359 1589606 1586222 2026-08-20T13:47:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589606 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Luc Ettori (1977).jpg|thumb|Jean-Luc Ettori (1977)]] '''Jean-Luc Ettori''' (alizaliwa [[29 Julai]] [[1955]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya kipa. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka katika klabu ya AS [[Monaco]]. Kwa muda mrefu, alikuwa akishikilia [[rekodi]] ya kuwa mchezaji aliyefanya mechi nyingi zaidi katika Ligue 1 au Division 1, akiwa na mechi 602. Rekodi hiyo ilivunjwa tarehe 4 Desemba [[2013]] na Mickaël Landreau. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Ettori aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa mara 9 mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980. Alianza katika mechi 6 kati ya 7 za Ufaransa kwenye [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA [[1982]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8697-ettori-jean-luc/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516113424/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8697-ettori-jean-luc/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906040710/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=49163/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/jean-luc-ettori/126734</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 82zixayeixcxjd6tjohmx883uvsnooz 1589609 1589606 2026-08-20T13:49:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jean-Luc Ettori (1977).jpg|thumb|Jean-Luc Ettori (1977)]] '''Jean-Luc Ettori''' (alizaliwa [[29 Julai]] [[1955]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya kipa. Alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka katika klabu ya AS [[Monaco]]. Kwa muda mrefu, alikuwa akishikilia [[rekodi]] ya kuwa mchezaji aliyefanya mechi nyingi zaidi katika Ligue 1 au Division 1, akiwa na mechi 602. Rekodi hiyo ilivunjwa tarehe 4 Desemba [[2013]] na Mickaël Landreau. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Ettori aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa mara 9 mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980. Alianza katika mechi 6 kati ya 7 za Ufaransa kwenye [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA [[1982]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8697-ettori-jean-luc/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516113424/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8697-ettori-jean-luc/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906040710/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=49163/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/jean-luc-ettori/126734</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} l449hlzko4iugv6o9kv4mv1qfys541p 0 244496 1589718 1586484 2026-08-20T23:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lois Harrison-Jones''' ni msimamizi wa [[shule]] na msomi wa Marekani ambaye amehudumia [[jamii]] za Richmond, Virginia; Dallas, Texas; na Boston, Massachusetts. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa msimamizi mkuu wa shule huko Richmond, na mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Amerika kuwa msimamizi mkuu wa shule katika jimbo la Virginia na katika jiji la Boston. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lois Harrison-Jones alizaliwa katika Kaunti ya Westmoreland, Virginia. Alipata [[shahada]] kutoka Virginia State College, Temple University, na Virginia Tech. == Kazi == Harrison-Jones alianza [[kazi]] yake ya ualimu mwaka 1954 kama mwalimu wa darasa la sita. Alipanda ngazi katika mfumo wa shule za umma wa Richmond hadi kufikia nafasi ya Msimamizi Msaidizi wa Elimu ya Shule za Msingi. Mwaka 1985, alichaguliwa kumrithi Richard Hunter kama Msimamizi Mkuu wa Shule za Richmond. Wakati wa uteuzi wake, alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake 24 tu weusi waliokuwa wasimamizi wakuu wa shule nchini [[R|Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Amerika kuwa msimamizi mkuu wa shule katika Virginia na mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo huko Richmond.<ref>{{Citation|title=Academic trailblazer speaks at virtual RPS Women’s History Month event|date=2021-03-03|url=https://www.wric.com/hidden-history/womens-history/academic-trailblazer-speaks-at-virtual-rps-womens-history-month-event/|work=WRIC ABC 8News|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-09|archive-date=2025-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124175632/https://www.wric.com/hidden-history/womens-history/academic-trailblazer-speaks-at-virtual-rps-womens-history-month-event/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 1988, aliondoka Richmond na kuwa Msimamizi Mshiriki wa Elimu katika Wilaya Huru ya Shule ya Dallas.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=SUPERB WOMAN: Dr. Lois Harrison-Jones|url=https://texasmetronews.com/33308/superb-woman-dr-lois-harrison-jones/|date=2022-05-28|accessdate=2026-08-09|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] f3kk1u2c67qxun8i2hikkcv0d1o2fxp 0 244579 1589671 1586945 2026-08-20T17:58:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathleen "Kay" Livingstone''', aliyezaliwa '''Jenkins''' ([[13 Oktoba]] [[1919]] – [[1975]]) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa kijamii, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Mwaka 1973, juhudi zake zilisababisha kufanyika kwa Kongamano la kwanza la Kitaifa la Congress of Black Women of Canada|Kongamano la Wanawake Weusi wa Kanada. Akiwa binti wa James na Christina Jenkins, alizaliwa huko [[London, Ontario]]. Baba yake alikuwa jaji msaidizi katika mahakama ya [[watoto]] ya eneo hilo, na wazazi wake walianzisha gazeti ''The Dawn of Tomorrow'' lililolenga jamii ya watu weusi. Baada ya kifo cha baba yake mwaka 1931, mama yake aliolewa tena na Frank Howson, na Livingstone akawa dada wa kambo wa mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa Kanada Barry Howson.<ref name=debono>Norman De Bono, [https://www.thesudburystar.com/sports/basketball/at-long-last-black-former-londoners-place-in-hoops-history-recognized/wcm/0ed4a929-8270-4bf9-b808-f80fab95bcbe "At long last, Canada's first Black Olympic basketball player gets his due"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.thesudburystar.com/sports/basketball/at-long-last-black-former-londoners-place-in-hoops-history-recognized/wcm/0ed4a929-8270-4bf9-b808-f80fab95bcbe |date=20240307003646 }}. ''[[Sudbury Star]]'', February 27, 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbwc-ontario.com/?page_id=22 |title=Kay Livingstone |publisher=Congress of Black Women of Canada Ontario}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1919|1975}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] r5znpup92uy6whednl89oekmcskjags 0 244682 1589896 1586850 2026-08-21T11:11:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nerdkween''' (hutamkwa “nerd queen”) ni jina la kisanii la Monica Arrington, mwimbaji, [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] na mtunzi wa [[muziki]] wa Marekani. Anajulikana kwa rekodi zake za mtindo wa lo-fi na uchezaji wa gitaa la umeme wenye mtindo wa kimapokeo usio na mambo mengi, unaoambatana na sauti mbalimbali za kielektroniki. Pia anajulikana kwa uwezo wake mpana wa kuimba, kuanzia sauti laini, ya kuvutia na yenye hewa hadi [[sauti]] nzito yenye mtindo unaofanana na muziki wa country. Muziki wake unahusishwa na aina mbalimbali kama noise pop, lo-fi, slowcore na dream pop. Arrington alianza kujitoa mwenyewe [[kanda]] za majaribio mwaka 2000, akianza na ''i see things differently now''. Baadaye alitoa majaribio mengine kwenye CD yaliyoitwa ''the dark horse'' na ''Sketches''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Stickfigure Records|url=http://stickfigurerecordings.com/artist_page.php?artist_id=100|work=www.stickfigurerecordings.com|accessdate=2026-08-11|language=en|author=Justin Sias|archive-date=2020-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123090027/http://stickfigurerecordings.com/artist_page.php?artist_id=100|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] l1p2ytksugzl0nbf3hck8udhan29y1i 0 245131 1589596 1587807 2026-08-20T13:22:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamie Johnson''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani. Akiwa mwanachama wa [[Chama]] cha Democratic, aliwakilisha Wilaya ya 12 katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Missouri kuanzia mwaka 2023 hadi 2025.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jamie Johnson (Missouri)|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Jamie_Johnson_(Missouri)|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-14|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Johnson alizaliwa huko Los Angeles, California. Alihamia Missouri kutoka New Orleans akiwa [[mkimbizi]] baada ya kulazimika kuhama kutokana na Kimbunga Katrina.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About — Jamie Johnson for Missouri|url=https://www.jamieformo.com/about|work=Jamie Johnson for Missouri|accessdate=2026-08-14|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107162535/https://www.jamieformo.com/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] sgrkf9lkidfq763cl8r1gn7xynos8jb 0 245198 1589898 1587915 2026-08-21T11:40:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Freda Stoffman''' (amezaliwa [[16 Machi]], [[1972]]) ni mwigizaji na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Stephanie Kaye katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Degrassi Junior High''.<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/home-and-garden/decor/why-this-is-author-daniel-stoffmans-favourite-room/article24633744/ |title=Why this is author Daniel Stoffman's favourite room}}</ref> ==Maisha na kazi== Stoffman alizaliwa [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], akiwa binti wa Judy, mwandishi wa habari za sanaa, na Daniel Stoffman, mwandishi. Alianza kusomea ballet na ukumbi wa muziki alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 6.<ref name="where">{{cite web|title=The Stars of Degrassi: Where are they now?|url=https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/the-stars-of-degrassi-where-are-they-now |publisher=National Post|accessdate=October 25, 2017|date=February 16, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nicole Stoffman|url=https://www.degrassitour.com/nicole-stoffman|access-date=February 21, 2021|website=De Grassi Tour|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125234518/https://www.degrassitour.com/nicole-stoffman|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] q9e76hg6o8rvvtirlowmxf6rw4ompga 0 245638 1589886 1588757 2026-08-21T10:35:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy Sorel''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha na kazi== Sorel alizaliwa tarehe 14 Mei 1964 huko Fall River, Massachusetts, na alilelewa huko pia. Alipata shahada ya masomo ya Theatre na Filamu kutoka University of Massachusetts Amherst.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nancysorel.com/|title=Nancy Sorel|website=Nancy Sorel|accessdate=2026-08-17|archive-date=2025-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250712104633/http://nancysorel.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=act>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://actramanitoba.ca/member-spotlight/2020/04/member-spotlight-nancy-sorel/|title=Member Spotlight: Nancy Sorel|first=ACTRA|last=Manitoba|date=April 30, 2020|website=ACTRA Manitoba}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://collider.com/christopher-reeve-western-black-fox-trilogy/|title=After Superman, Christopher Reeve Starred in an Epic Western Trilogy|first=Michael John|last=Petty|date=November 28, 2023|website=Collider}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7zgpggmbqjj2vnk8306rapz80901l6n 3 245774 1589877 1588948 2026-08-21T10:12:37Z Jucx Daniex Music 91748 Jucx Daniex Biography 1589877 wikitext text/x-wiki jucx Daniex is a Ugandan Rnb and dance hall artist. Born on 3 April 2003. School attended seguku primary school and Global Harvest secondary school. He began writing and recording Rnb music right after s.5 first song: Released his debut track party party in 2016 and crush, baby onyirira and kasima in 2026 Artist Background and MusicBorn into a humble family, he overcame early life challenges to pursue his passion for music.His popular tracks include "Kasima," "Crush," "Be with you," "Fear," "But one," and "Wansula Mu Love". His emotional song "Crush" gained attention for its deep, personal storytelling themes. He has made media appearances and promotional rounds on regional television and radio stations like Galaxy TV, Bukedde TV, and Magic FM. You can listen to his catalog on platforms like Howwe Music and SoundCloud.Watch this short review and reaction to get a sense of the emotion in Jucx Daniex's music. [[User:Jucx Daniex Music|Jucx Daniex Music]] ([[User talk:Jucx Daniex Music#top|talk]]) 09:56, 21 August 2026 (UTC) へく kh4ml4ykj5bg4m2jodyzuzzuak5j87c 1589879 1589877 2026-08-21T10:13:23Z Jucx Daniex Music 91748 /* Jucx Daniex Biography */ mjadala mpya 1589879 wikitext text/x-wiki jucx Daniex is a Ugandan Rnb and dance hall artist. Born on 3 April 2003. School attended seguku primary school and Global Harvest secondary school. He began writing and recording Rnb music right after s.5 first song: Released his debut track party party in 2016 and crush, baby onyirira and kasima in 2026 Artist Background and MusicBorn into a humble family, he overcame early life challenges to pursue his passion for music.His popular tracks include "Kasima," "Crush," "Be with you," "Fear," "But one," and "Wansula Mu Love". His emotional song "Crush" gained attention for its deep, personal storytelling themes. He has made media appearances and promotional rounds on regional television and radio stations like Galaxy TV, Bukedde TV, and Magic FM. You can listen to his catalog on platforms like Howwe Music and SoundCloud.Watch this short review and reaction to get a sense of the emotion in Jucx Daniex's music. [[User:Jucx Daniex Music|Jucx Daniex Music]] ([[User talk:Jucx Daniex Music#top|talk]]) 09:56, 21 August 2026 (UTC) へく == Jucx Daniex Biography == jucx Daniex is a Ugandan Rnb and dance hall artist. Born on 3 April 2003. School attended seguku primary school and Global Harvest secondary school. He began writing and recording Rnb music right after s.5 first song: Released his debut track party party in 2016 and crush, baby onyirira and kasima in 2026 Artist Background and MusicBorn into a humble family, he overcame early life challenges to pursue his passion for music.His popular tracks include "Kasima," "Crush," "Be with you," "Fear," "But one," and "Wansula Mu Love". His emotional song "Crush" gained attention for its deep, personal storytelling themes. He has made media appearances and promotional rounds on regional television and radio stations like Galaxy TV, Bukedde TV, and Magic FM. You can listen to his catalog on platforms like Howwe Music and SoundCloud.Watch this short review and reaction to get a sense of the emotion in Jucx Daniex's music. [[User:Jucx Daniex Music|Jucx Daniex Music]] ([[User talk:Jucx Daniex Music#top|talk]]) 09:56, 21 August 2026 (UTC) へく '''[[Mtumiaji:Jucx Daniex Music|Jucx Daniex Music]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jucx Daniex Music#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) hwvma8cfaa6n9i5xv315jljwzak0y39 0 245863 1589695 1589170 2026-08-20T19:43:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kimberly Ballard-Washington''' ni [[wakili]] wa Marekani na msimamizi wa masuala ya kitaaluma aliyewahi kuwa [[rais]] wa 14 wa Chuo Kikuu cha Savannah State kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2023. == Maisha == Ballard-Washington alizaliwa na kukulia Montezuma, Georgia<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About President Kimberly Ballard-Washington|url=https://www.savannahstate.edu//investiture/about.shtml|work=Savannah State University|accessdate=2026-08-19|language=en|author=Savannah State University|archive-date=2023-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212013618/https://www.savannahstate.edu//investiture/about.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Alipata shahada ya B.A. kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia. Baadaye alipata shahada ya J.D. kutoka Shule ya Sheria ya Thurgood Marshall.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kimberly Ballard Washington Named President Of Savannah State University {{!}} University System of Georgia|url=https://www.usg.edu/news/release/kimberly-ballard-washington-named-president-of-savannah-state-university/|work=www.usg.edu|accessdate=2026-08-19|language=en|author=USG}}</ref> Katika Chuo Kikuu cha Valdosta State, Ballard-Washington aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa rais anayeshughulikia masuala ya kisheria na [[mkurugenzi]] wa mipango ya fursa sawa. Pia alikuwa mkurugenzi msaidizi wa masuala ya kisheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia. Baadaye alihudumu kama naibu chansela mshiriki wa masuala ya kisheria katika Mfumo wa Vyuo Vikuu vya Georgia. Mwaka 2013, alihudumu kama rais wa muda wa Chuo Kikuu cha Fort Valley State kabla ya kushika nafasi hiyo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Albany State. Tarehe 1 Julai 2019, Ballard-Washington akawa rais wa muda wa Chuo Kikuu cha Savannah State, akimrithi Cheryl Dozier. Tarehe 13 Mei 2021, aliteuliwa rasmi kuwa rais wa chuo hicho. Alijiuzulu mwaka 2023 na nafasi yake ikachukuliwa na rais wa muda Cynthia Robinson Alexander. Ballard-Washington ameolewa na ana mabinti wawili. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] j437u78gll7hw45epz7yhl5s7matd79 0 245895 1589673 1589294 2026-08-20T18:11:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelly Kruger''' (amezaliwa [[12 Novemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi ya Mackenzie Browning katika ''The Young and the Restless''. Pia alicheza nafasi ya mara kwa mara ya Eva katika ''The Bold and the Beautiful''. == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa na kukulia huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], na anazungumza [[Kifaransa]] kwa ufasaha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti | url=https://soaps.sheknows.com/the-bold-and-the-beautiful/news/47115/exclusive-interview-darin-brooks-and-kelly-kruger-talk-wedding-and-working-together-on-bb/ | title=Exclusive Interview: Darin Brooks and Kelly Kruger talk wedding and working together on B&B | date=March 17, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Kruger In">{{cite web |url=http://soapcentral.com/yr/news/2002/0121-bashioum.php |title=New Mackenzie named |work=[[Soapcentral]] |first=Dan J. |last=Kroll |date=January 18, 2002 |accessdate=November 6, 2012 |archive-date=2019-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424194356/https://www.soapcentral.com///yr/news/2002/0121-bashioum.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] mtmaxnfxle5ujttnb1akjf0r7hetk72 0 245966 1589598 1589528 2026-08-20T13:30:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glenda Braganza''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa televisheni na jukwaani wa [[Kanada]] ambaye ameonekana katika vipindi kadhaa vya televisheni na filamu za Kanada na [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.goanvoice.org.uk/supplement/GlendaBraganza.html |title=Goan Voice |accessdate=2026-08-19 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202210223/http://www.goanvoice.org.uk/supplement/GlendaBraganza.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 80nes6cw97uwr1ms0n59a97s9na2iue 0 245979 1589688 1589398 2026-08-20T19:16:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiini Ibura Salaam''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1973) ni [[mwandishi]] wa insha, mwandishi wa [[hadithi]] fupi za sayansi-fiksi na fantasia, pamoja na mchoraji wa Marekani. Mkusanyiko wake wa hadithi fupi ''Ancient, Ancient'' ulishinda Tuzo ya James Tiptree, Jr. mwaka 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2012 Winners of the James Tiptree Jr. Award Announced!|url=https://reactormag.com/2012-winners-of-the-james-tiptree-jr-award-announced/|work=Reactor|date=2013-03-05|accessdate=2026-08-19|language=en-US|author=Tor.com}}</ref> Ni binti wa mwandishi na mwanaharakati Kalamu ya Salaam.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=jewel bush: Celebrating three decades of “Community” service » Uptown Messenger|url=http://uptownmessenger.com/2013/09/jewel-bush-celebrating-three-decades-of-community-service/|work=uptownmessenger.com|accessdate=2026-08-19|language=en-US|archive-date=2014-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210161650/http://uptownmessenger.com/2013/09/jewel-bush-celebrating-three-decades-of-community-service/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] 71cs6gv8yy8x7q5jfq4n94wx7upb4j4 0 246029 1589796 1589481 2026-08-21T07:41:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Lamine Zemmamouche''' (kwa Kiarabu: محمد الأمين زماموش; alizaliwa 19 Machi 1985) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Algeria]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya mlinda lango.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=La Fiche de Mohamed Lamine ZEMAMOUCHE - Football algérien|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=655&saison_id=14|work=www.dzfoot.com|accessdate=2026-08-20|archive-date=2009-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302171250/http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=655&saison_id=14|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya vilabu == === USM Alger === Zemmamouche alianza [[kazi]] yake ya soka katika klabu ya USM Alger, ambako alicheza kama mlinda lango. === MC Alger === Baadaye alihamia MC Alger. Tarehe 16 Machi 2010, katika hatua ya 16 bora ya [[Kombe]] la Algeria, alifunga bao la tatu katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya klabu yake ya zamani, USM Alger. Bao hilo lilifungwa kwa mkwaju wa penalti. === Kurudi USM Alger === Tarehe 10 Julai 2011, Zemmamouche alirejea USM Alger. Baadhi ya mashabiki walipinga kurejea kwake kutokana na penalti aliyofunga dhidi ya USM Alger mwaka 2010. Hata hivyo, Zemmamouche alisema kuwa penalti hiyo haikuwa na nia ya kuwachokoza mashabiki na aliomba msamaha. Alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu, uliomlipa mshahara wa dinari za Algeria 3,500,000 kwa mwezi, na hivyo kuwa mchezaji aliyekuwa akilipwa zaidi katika Ligue 1 wakati huo. Katika msimu wake wa kwanza baada ya kurejea, alicheza mechi 32 katika Ligue 1 na Kombe la Algeria, na kusaidia timu kurejea katika mashindano ya kimataifa baada ya kutokuwepo kwa miaka sita. Msimu wa 2012–13 ulikuwa mwanzo wa kipindi cha mafanikio kwa Zemmamouche na USM Alger. Alisaidia klabu kushinda Kombe la Algeria na Kombe la Klabu za Kiarabu. Katika mechi 22, hakuruhusu bao, zikiwemo mechi 14 za Ligue 1, jambo lililokuwa rekodi bora zaidi katika maisha yake ya [[soka]]. Pia aliokoa mikwaju miwili ya penalti dhidi ya klabu ya Misri Ismaily SC, jambo lililosaidia USM Alger kufika fainali. Katika fainali ya Kombe la Algeria dhidi ya klabu yake ya zamani MC Alger, Zemmamouche alifanya kiwango kizuri na kusaidia timu yake kushinda. Mwishoni mwa msimu huo, alitunukiwa tuzo ya mlinda lango bora wa Ligue 1 na ''Maracana Foot''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Afrik-Foot - L'actualité du football africain|url=https://www.afrik-foot.com/|date=2019-02-14|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=fr}}</ref> Msimu uliofuata pia ulikuwa wa mafanikio. Zemmamouche aliisaidia USM Alger kushinda ubingwa wa ligi baada ya kusubiri miaka tisa, pamoja na kushinda Super Cup kwa mara ya kwanza. Baada ya kiwango chake kizuri katika misimu miwili iliyotangulia, alipata nafasi ya kushiriki Kombe la [[Dunia]] la FIFA na kuwa mchezaji wa kwanza katika historia ya USM Alger kushiriki mashindano hayo. Katika msimu huo alicheza mechi 27, zikiwemo 15 ambazo hakuruhusu bao. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0m12jthn4ewh2apurfat08up8cty58v 0 246030 1589677 1589524 2026-08-20T18:51:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kheireddine "Kiko" Zarabi''' (kwa Kiarabu: خير الدين زرابي; alizaliwa 18 Julai 1984) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa Algeria aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki wa kati. == Kazi ya vilabu == Zarabi alizaliwa katika [[wilaya]] ya Hussein Dey, Algiers. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri wa miaka 10 katika klabu ya IRB Ouargla. Alipofikisha miaka 13, familia yake ilirejea kuishi katika mji mkuu, na alijiunga na NA Hussein Dey. Miaka miwili baadaye alihamia RC Kouba, ambako alianza kucheza katika timu ya wakubwa mwaka 2002 na kubaki kwa misimu mitatu. Mwezi Mei 2005, Zarabi alifanya majaribio katika klabu ya Ufaransa ya FC Lorient, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligue 2. Hata hivyo, hakupata mkataba na akarudi Algeria, ambako aliwakilisha ES Sétif na CR Belouizdad. Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2007, Zarabi alisaini mkataba wa miaka miwili na nusu na [[klabu]] ya Finland Turun Palloseura.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Transferts : Kheireddine Zarabi en Finlande|url=https://www.dzfoot.com/verts-deurope/transferts-kheireddine-zarabi-en-finlande-26027.html|work=Football Algérien - DZFOOT.COM|date=2007-10-09|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=fr-FR|author=DZFOOT}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Januari 2009, alihamia Ureno na kuendelea kucheza katika klabu mbalimbali, zikiwemo C.F. Os Belenenses, Vitória de Setúbal, Leixões S.C. na F.C. Arouca. Belenenses na Vitória de Setúbal zilicheza katika ligi kuu ya Ureno, huku Leixões na Arouca zikicheza katika daraja la pili.<ref>{{Citation|title=Saulo e Zarabi reforçam azuis|url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/belenenses-sad/detalhe/saulo-e-zarabi-reforcam-azuis|language=pt-PT|access-date=2026-08-20|archive-date=2021-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029192413/https://www.record.pt/futebol/futebol-nacional/liga-bwin/belenenses-sad/detalhe/saulo-e-zarabi-reforcam-azuis|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika msimu wake wa pili akiwa Arouca, Zarabi alicheza [[mechi]] 14 na kufunga mabao mawili. Aliisaidia klabu hiyo kufuzu kwenda ligi kuu kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia yake. Baada ya kipindi kifupi katika Ligue 2 ya Ufaransa akiwa na Nîmes Olympique, aliendelea kucheza katika daraja la pili la Ureno hadi alipostaafu soka. Katika kipindi hicho aliichezea C.F. União, S.C. Covilhã na C.D. Cova da Piedade. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bx7t6o6tsezmspmhg043uvxsqswovu9 0 246084 1589600 2026-08-20T13:32:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]] 1589600 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]] tbfikn2l74ppn7y4gnft4tnc8aic1is 0 246085 1589602 2026-08-20T13:37:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Funguvisiwa la Komori]] 1589602 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[funguvisiwa la Komori]] 9ptziwpcwamgd4zfq54wpos1seajdnv 0 246086 1589605 2026-08-20T13:44:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Funguvisiwa la Komori''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Comores'') ni [[funguvisiwa]] katika [[Bahari Hindi]] upande wa [[Mashariki]] wa [[Afrika]]. Iko katika [[Mlangobahari wa Msumbiji]] kaskazini kwa [[Madagaska]] na mashariki kwa [[Msumbiji]]. [[Jina]] limetokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Kiarabu]] ambapo ''Juzur al-Qamar'' ('''جزر القمر''') linamaanisha "visiwa vya mwezi". == Jiografia == Komori ina visiwa vinne vikubwa: [[Ngazija]], [[Anzwani]], na Mwa...' 1589605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Funguvisiwa la Komori''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Comores'') ni [[funguvisiwa]] katika [[Bahari Hindi]] upande wa [[Mashariki]] wa [[Afrika]]. Iko katika [[Mlangobahari wa Msumbiji]] kaskazini kwa [[Madagaska]] na mashariki kwa [[Msumbiji]]. [[Jina]] limetokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Kiarabu]] ambapo ''Juzur al-Qamar'' ('''جزر القمر''') linamaanisha "visiwa vya mwezi". == Jiografia == Komori ina visiwa vinne vikubwa: [[Ngazija]], [[Anzwani]], na [[Mwali]], vinavyounda [[Komori|Umoja wa Komori]], na [[Mayote]] ambayo kisiasa ni sehemu ya [[Ufaransa]] kwa sababu wakati wa kupata [[uhuru]] watu wake walitamka kwa [[kura]] nyingi (73%) ya kwamba wanataka kubaki na Ufaransa. Lakini Umoja wa Komori unadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake. Ina pia visiwa mbalimbali vidogo. [[Hali ya hewa]] ni ya [[kitropiki]]. Kuna [[mvua]] miezi yote. [[Kitovu]] cha kisiwa kikubwa zaidi (Grande Comore) ni [[mlima]] wa [[volkano]] hai [[Karthala]] wenye [[mita]] 2,461 juu ya [[UB]]. Safari iliyopita Karthala ililipuka mwaka [[1977]] ikaharibu [[kijiji]] kimoja. == Historia == Visiwa vya Komori vimekaliwa na watu mbalimbali kutoka Afrika na [[Asia Kusini]] katika [[historia]] ndefu. Wana[[akiolojia]] walitambua [[baki|mabaki]] ya makazi ya watu kutoka [[karne ya 6]] kwenye kisiwa cha [[Anzwani]] lakini haijulikani kama watu walitangulia kufika mapema bila kuacha mabaki ya kutambulika. [[Waswahili]] wa kwanza walifika kama sehemu ya uenezi wa [[Wabantu]] tangu [[karne ya 9]] [[BK]]. Kipindi cha kwanza huitwa kipindi cha Dembeni (karne ya 9 - [[karne ya 10|10]]) ambako Waswahili walianzisha kijiji kimoja katika kila kisiwa. Wakati wa [[karne ya 11]] hadi [[karne ya 15|ya 15]] [[biashara]] iliongezeka na Madagaska pia na [[wafanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Uarabuni]]. Vijiji vidogo vikaongezeka na vijiji vya awali vikakua vikawa miji. [[Kumbukumbu]] ya wenyeji hutaja mara nyingi majina ya Waarabu kutoka [[Yemen]] na [[Saba']] kama mababu wa [[ukoo|koo]] asilia lakini hakuna uhakika kama kumbukumbu hizo zinalingana na historia halisi. [[Athira]] ya Kiarabu na ya Kiislamu ikaongezeka kutokana na [[biashara ya watumwa]], [[dhahabu]] na [[pembe za ndovu]] kati ya Afrika ya Mashariki na nchi za Kiislamu. Waarabu na [[Waajemi]] walijenga vituo kwa ajili ya biashara yao pamoja na [[misikiti]] na kueneza [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]] kwenye visiwa. Hata kama Komori si karibu sana na [[pwani]], hata hivyo kutokana na mwendo wa [[upepo]] ni [[kituo]] muhimu cha [[jahazi]] kwenye [[safari]] kati ya [[Kilwa]] na [[Msumbiji]] iliyokuwa [[bandari]] kuu ya dhahabu ya [[Zimbabwe]]. Kufuatana na [[katiba]] ya uhuru ya mwaka 1975 Umoja wa Komori ulitangazwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] ya [[Kiislamu]]. Serikali zilipinduliwa mara kwa mara na [[wanajeshi]] au na [[mamluki]]. Katiba mpya ya mwaka [[2001]] imeondoa tabia ya kidini ya dola na iliunda utaratibu wa [[urais]] kuzunguka kati ya visiwa vitatu vikubwa. Katika muundo huo rais wa jamhuri atateuliwa kila baada ya miaka minne kutoka kisiwa tofauti. == Watu == Watu wa Komori ni mchanganyiko wa [[Waarabu]], [[Madagaska|Wamadagaska]], [[Waafrika]] wa [[bara]] ambao [[babu|mababu]] walikuwa [[watumwa]], [[Wahindi]] na [[Wazungu]] kadhaa. Wakazi wengi ni [[Waislamu]] (98%, hasa [[Wasuni]]), wakifuatwa na [[Wakristo]] (2%). Karibu [[nusu]] ya wananchi wote hawajui kusoma. Nje ya [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kimalagasy Sanifu]], kuna lugha nne za asili ambazo huzungumzwa na Wakomori, yaani [[Kimwali]], [[Kianzwani]], [[Kingazija]] na [[Kimaore]] ambazo ziko karibu na [[Kiswahili]]. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Afrika}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:Komori]] [[Jamii:Funguvisiwa]] qk5pfhfbsxdd1v4mo25m6qw3ks6g6dx 0 246087 1589610 2026-08-20T13:52:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Lucien Bonaparte''' (24 Mei 1803 - 29 Julai 1857) alikuwa [[mwanabiolojia]] wa [[Ufaransa]], mtoto wa Lucien Bonaparte, mdogo wake [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleone I]]. {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1803|1857}} [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Ufaransa]]' 1589610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Lucien Bonaparte''' (24 Mei 1803 - 29 Julai 1857) alikuwa [[mwanabiolojia]] wa [[Ufaransa]], mtoto wa Lucien Bonaparte, mdogo wake [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleone I]]. {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1803|1857}} [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Ufaransa]] du0tet8vjask5cv6a0cch6z6d7qjj16 1589611 1589610 2026-08-20T13:53:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Lucien Bonaparte''' (24 Mei 1803 - 29 Julai 1857) alikuwa [[mwanabiolojia]] wa [[Ufaransa]], mtoto wa Lucien Bonaparte, mdogo wake [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleone I]]. ==Marejeo== * {{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Phillip Drennon | date=2002 |title=The emperor of nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and his world. [Review of: Stroud, P.T. The emperor of nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and his world. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000] |journal=Journal of American History |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=1517 | doi=10.2307/2700642 |jstor=2700642 | ref=none }} *{{Cite book | last=Stroud | first=Patricia Tyson | date=2000 | title=The Emperor of Nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and His World | location=Philadelphia | publisher= University of Pennsylvania Press | isbn=978-0-8122-3546-3 | ref=none }} * [[Barbara Mearns|Mearns, Barbara]] and Richard - ''Biographies for Birdwatchers'' {{ISBN|0-12-487422-3}} * {{CathEncy|wstitle=Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent Bonaparte | ref=none}} =Viungo vya nje== *{{Commons category-inline}} *[https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ Zoologica] [[Göttingen State and University Library]] {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1803|1857}} [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Ufaransa]] 0vk086ulx2ixue7ntv5wceqynbry5yc 0 246088 1589612 2026-08-20T13:55:12Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Xiaodan He''' (alizaliwa [[2 Februari]], [[1975]]) ni mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[China]] - [[Kanada]]. Filamu zake nyingi zinahusu vipengele vya utamaduni wa China na uzoefu wa wahamiaji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Xiaodan He |url=https://asianfilmfestival.us/director/xiaodan-he/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301191934/https://asianfilmfestival.us/director/xiaodan-he/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-0...' 1589612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xiaodan He''' (alizaliwa [[2 Februari]], [[1975]]) ni mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[China]] - [[Kanada]]. Filamu zake nyingi zinahusu vipengele vya utamaduni wa China na uzoefu wa wahamiaji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Xiaodan He |url=https://asianfilmfestival.us/director/xiaodan-he/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301191934/https://asianfilmfestival.us/director/xiaodan-he/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Asian Film Festival, Los Angeles |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Xiaodan He |url=https://realisatrices-equitables.com/dames-des-vues/realisatrice/xiaodan-he-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301193227/https://realisatrices-equitables.com/dames-des-vues/realisatrice/xiaodan-he-2/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Réalisatrices Équitables |language=en-CA}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 53oj7evrpr5okzfv4u0ljh6xllr7rjp 1589678 1589612 2026-08-20T18:57:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xiaodan He''' (alizaliwa [[2 Februari]], [[1975]]) ni mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[China]] - [[Kanada]]. Filamu zake nyingi zinahusu vipengele vya utamaduni wa China na uzoefu wa wahamiaji.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Xiaodan He |url=https://asianfilmfestival.us/director/xiaodan-he/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301191934/https://asianfilmfestival.us/director/xiaodan-he/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Asian Film Festival, Los Angeles |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Xiaodan He |url=https://realisatrices-equitables.com/dames-des-vues/realisatrice/xiaodan-he-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301193227/https://realisatrices-equitables.com/dames-des-vues/realisatrice/xiaodan-he-2/ |archive-date=2026-03-01 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Réalisatrices Équitables |language=en-CA}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] i3q56j7y2nwf3uvqjordbpnq02sk76v 0 246089 1589613 2026-08-20T13:55:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Picha takatifu]] 1589613 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[picha takatifu]] 1f0mj3tlncznkxf9rg3w3wcn2praobz 0 246090 1589617 2026-08-20T14:11:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha: Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_península_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Ceuta]] [[Picha:Perejil-neutral.png|thumb|right|250px|Ceuta ([[Hispania]])]] '''Historia ya Ceuta''' (tamka: the-uta; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: سبتة ''sabta'') inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye pwani ya [[Mediteranea]] ambao upande wa [[bara]] unazungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]]. Ceuta iko karibu na mji wa [[Tetouan]] upande wa Moroko. Umba...' 1589617 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_península_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Ceuta]] [[Picha:Perejil-neutral.png|thumb|right|250px|Ceuta ([[Hispania]])]] '''Historia ya Ceuta''' (tamka: the-uta; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: سبتة ''sabta'') inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye pwani ya [[Mediteranea]] ambao upande wa [[bara]] unazungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]]. Ceuta iko karibu na mji wa [[Tetouan]] upande wa Moroko. Umbali na [[Hispania]] ni [[km]] 21 kuvuka [[mlango wa bahari wa Gibraltar]]. Pamoja na mji wa [[Melilla]] ni sehemu ya [[Hispania]] na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]] , lakini [[jiografia|kijiografia]] ni sehemu ya [[Afrika]]. Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Ceuta inaaminika iliundwa na [[Karthago]] katika [[karne ya 5 KK]]. Jina la [[Kigiriki]] la mji imekuwa "Επτά Αδελφοί" (hepta adelphoí - ndugu saba). Tangu [[Waroma]] walipochukua [[utawala]] wa [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] mji ulijulikana kwa jina la "Septem Fratres" (ndugu saba). [[Jina]] hili limeendelea hadi leo, mji ukiitwa "sabta" kwa [[Kiarabu]] au kwa matamshi ya [[Kihispania]] "Ceuta". Kuanzia [[karne ya 5]] [[BK]] mji ulitawaliwa na [[Wavandali]]. Mwaka [[710]] Waarabu Waislamu walifika wakipita Ceuta kuvamia Hispania. Hadi [[karne ya 14]] mji ulikuwa chini ya watawala Waislamu ama Waarabu au Waberberi. Kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliofia [[dini]] yao huko wanakumbukwa [[watakatifu]] [[Danieli mfiadini]] na wenzake ([[1226]]). Mwaka [[1415]] [[Ureno|Wareno]] waliteka Ceuta wakaitawala hadi mwaka [[1668]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya Ureno na Hispania mji ulikabidhiwa kwa [[mfalme]] wa Hispania. Hivyo tangu mwaka 1668 Ceuta imekuwa sehemu ya Hispania. Ndani ya Hispania imekuwa Mji wa kujitawala (kwa Kihispania: ciudad autónoma) tangu mwaka [[1995]]. {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Hispania]] hu9gzdtim4lqf6e3gjq4l1zvev6igr5 1589618 1589617 2026-08-20T14:14:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_península_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Ceuta]] [[Picha:Perejil-neutral.png|thumb|right|250px|Ceuta ([[Hispania]])]] '''Historia ya Ceuta''' (tamka: the-uta; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: سبتة ''sabta'') inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye pwani ya [[Mediteranea]] ambao upande wa [[bara]] unazungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]]. Ceuta iko karibu na mji wa [[Tetouan]] upande wa Moroko. Umbali na [[Hispania]] ni [[km]] 21 kuvuka [[mlango wa bahari wa Gibraltar]]. Pamoja na mji wa [[Melilla]] ni sehemu ya [[Hispania]] na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]], lakini Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Ceuta inaaminika iliundwa na [[Karthago]] katika [[karne ya 5 KK]]. [[Jina]] la [[Kigiriki]] la mji imekuwa "Επτά Αδελφοί" (hepta adelphoí - ndugu saba). Tangu [[Waroma]] walipochukua [[utawala]] wa [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] mji ulijulikana kwa jina la "Septem Fratres" (ndugu saba). Jina hilo limeendelea hadi leo, mji ukiitwa "sabta" kwa [[Kiarabu]] au kwa [[matamshi]] ya [[Kihispania]] "Ceuta". Kuanzia [[karne ya 5]] [[BK]] mji ulitawaliwa na [[Wavandali]]. Mwaka [[710]] [[Waarabu]] [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] walifika wakipita Ceuta kuvamia Hispania. Hadi [[karne ya 14]] mji ulikuwa chini ya watawala Waislamu ama Waarabu au [[Waberberi]]. Kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliofia [[dini]] yao huko wanakumbukwa [[watakatifu]] [[Danieli mfiadini]] na wenzake ([[1226]]). Mwaka [[1415]] [[Ureno|Wareno]] waliteka Ceuta wakaitawala hadi mwaka [[1668]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya Ureno na Hispania mji ulikabidhiwa kwa [[mfalme]] wa Hispania. Hivyo tangu mwaka 1668 Ceuta imekuwa sehemu ya Hispania. Ndani ya Hispania imekuwa Mji wa kujitawala (kwa Kihispania: ciudad autónoma) tangu mwaka [[1995]]. {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Hispania]] iirg5zjoq5ikc7remdd5wn02emgffvq 1589619 1589618 2026-08-20T14:15:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_península_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Ceuta]] [[Picha:Perejil-neutral.png|thumb|right|250px|Ceuta ([[Hispania]])]] '''Historia ya Ceuta''' (tamka: the-uta; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: سبتة ''sabta'') inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye pwani ya [[Mediteranea]] ambao upande wa [[bara]] unazungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]]. Ceuta iko karibu na mji wa [[Tetouan]] upande wa Moroko. Umbali na [[Hispania]] ni [[km]] 21 kuvuka [[mlango wa bahari wa Gibraltar]]. Pamoja na mji wa [[Melilla]] ni sehemu ya [[Hispania]] na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]], lakini Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Ceuta inaaminika iliundwa na [[Karthago]] katika [[karne ya 5 KK]]. [[Jina]] la [[Kigiriki]] la mji imekuwa "Επτά Αδελφοί" (hepta adelphoí - ndugu saba). Tangu [[Waroma]] walipochukua [[utawala]] wa [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] mji ulijulikana kwa jina la "Septem Fratres" (ndugu saba). Jina hilo limeendelea hadi leo, mji ukiitwa "sabta" kwa [[Kiarabu]] au kwa [[matamshi]] ya [[Kihispania]] "Ceuta". Kuanzia [[karne ya 5]] [[BK]] mji ulitawaliwa na [[Wavandali]]. Mwaka [[710]] [[Waarabu]] [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] walifika wakipita Ceuta kuvamia Hispania. Hadi [[karne ya 14]] mji ulikuwa chini ya watawala Waislamu ama Waarabu au [[Waberberi]]. Kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliofia [[dini]] yao huko wanakumbukwa [[watakatifu]] [[Danieli mfiadini]] na wenzake ([[1226]]). Mwaka [[1415]] [[Ureno|Wareno]] waliteka Ceuta wakaitawala hadi mwaka [[1668]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya Ureno na Hispania mji ulikabidhiwa kwa [[mfalme]] wa Hispania. Hivyo tangu mwaka 1668 Ceuta imekuwa sehemu ya Hispania. Ndani ya Hispania imekuwa Mji wa kujitawala (kwa Kihispania: ciudad autónoma) tangu mwaka [[1995]]. {{Africa topic|Historia ya|title=[[Historia ya Afrika]]}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Hispania]] s3mwqi721i4dvs97ehjykcdht402l05 1589630 1589619 2026-08-20T14:30:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589630 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Ceuta_y_la_península_de_Almina_desde_el_mirador_de_Isabel_II.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Ceuta na [[rasi]] yake.]] [[Picha:Perejil-neutral.png|thumb|right|250px|Ceuta ([[Hispania]])]] '''Historia ya Ceuta''' (tamka: the-uta; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: سبتة ''sabta'') inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye pwani ya [[Mediteranea]] ambao upande wa [[bara]] unazungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]]. Ceuta iko karibu na mji wa [[Tetouan]] upande wa Moroko. Umbali na [[Hispania]] ni [[km]] 21 kuvuka [[mlango wa bahari wa Gibraltar]]. Pamoja na mji wa [[Melilla]] ni sehemu ya [[Hispania]] na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]], lakini Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. Ceuta inaaminika iliundwa na [[Karthago]] katika [[karne ya 5 KK]]. [[Jina]] la [[Kigiriki]] la mji imekuwa "Επτά Αδελφοί" (hepta adelphoí - ndugu saba). Tangu [[Waroma]] walipochukua [[utawala]] wa [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] mji ulijulikana kwa jina la "Septem Fratres" (ndugu saba). Jina hilo limeendelea hadi leo, mji ukiitwa "sabta" kwa [[Kiarabu]] au kwa [[matamshi]] ya [[Kihispania]] "Ceuta". Kuanzia [[karne ya 5]] [[BK]] mji ulitawaliwa na [[Wavandali]]. Mwaka [[710]] [[Waarabu]] [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] walifika wakipita Ceuta kuvamia Hispania. Hadi [[karne ya 14]] mji ulikuwa chini ya watawala Waislamu ama Waarabu au [[Waberberi]]. Kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliofia [[dini]] yao huko wanakumbukwa [[watakatifu]] [[Danieli mfiadini]] na wenzake ([[1226]]). Mwaka [[1415]] [[Ureno|Wareno]] waliteka Ceuta wakaitawala hadi mwaka [[1668]]. Baada ya [[vita]] kati ya Ureno na Hispania mji ulikabidhiwa kwa [[mfalme]] wa Hispania. Hivyo tangu mwaka 1668 Ceuta imekuwa sehemu ya Hispania. Ndani ya Hispania imekuwa Mji wa kujitawala (kwa Kihispania: ciudad autónoma) tangu mwaka [[1995]]. {{Africa topic|Historia ya|title=[[Historia ya Afrika]]}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Hispania]] 3r3skc9v3860x5ed48x60a1x2ka7u2i 0 246091 1589621 2026-08-20T14:20:07Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alexandra Stewart''' (alizaliwa [[10 Juni]], [[1939]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Heatwave melts Carson ratings |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-colonist-heatwave-melts-carson-rat/126472184/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |work=Times Colonist |date=8 August 1975 |page=45 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Louis Malle, Film Director Equally at Home in France and America, Is Dead at 63|url=https://www...' 1589621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandra Stewart''' (alizaliwa [[10 Juni]], [[1939]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Heatwave melts Carson ratings |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-colonist-heatwave-melts-carson-rat/126472184/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |work=Times Colonist |date=8 August 1975 |page=45 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Louis Malle, Film Director Equally at Home in France and America, Is Dead at 63|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/25/movies/louis-malle-film-director-equally-at-home-in-france-and-america-isdead-at-63.html?pagewanted=5|first=Richard|last=Severo|date=25 November 1995|work=New York Times|page=12|access-date=18 May 2009}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1939|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9owdrophn0zpzb8vvzuphsgou4igah5 0 246092 1589622 2026-08-20T14:20:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha: Vista_de_Melilla_7.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Melilla]] [[Picha:Melilla mji.PNG|thumb|right|300px|[[Ramani]] ya mji wa Melilla]] '''Historia ya Melilla''' (tamka: me-li-ya; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''مليلية''', Meliliya; [[jina rasmi]]: Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla = Mji wa kujitawala wa Melilla) inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Mediteranea]] unaozungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]] upande wa [[bara]]. Umbali na [[Hispania]] bara ni...' 1589622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Melilla_7.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Melilla]] [[Picha:Melilla mji.PNG|thumb|right|300px|[[Ramani]] ya mji wa Melilla]] '''Historia ya Melilla''' (tamka: me-li-ya; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''مليلية''', Meliliya; [[jina rasmi]]: Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla = Mji wa kujitawala wa Melilla) inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Mediteranea]] unaozungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]] upande wa [[bara]]. Umbali na [[Hispania]] bara ni takriban [[km]] 170 kuvuka [[bahari]]. Mji ulio karibu upande wa Moroko ni [[Nador]] kwenye umbali wa km 15. Pamoja na mji wa [[Ceuta]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]] ni sehemu ya Hispania na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ila Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. [[Historia]] yake ilianza zaidi ya miaka 2000 iliyopita ulipoundwa kwa jina la Rusadir. Ukawa sehemu ya [[Dola la Roma]] katika jimbo la [[Mauretania Tingitana]]. Eneo lake lilipiganiwa kuanzia mwaka [[429]] [[BK]] kati ya wavamizi [[Wavandali]] na [[Bizanti]]. Kabla ya mwaka [[700]] [[Waarabu]] [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] walivamia eneo la pwani ya Moroko wakielekea Hispania. Mji ulipata jina la Meliliya ukabaki chini ya [[utawala]] wa Kiislamu hadi mwaka [[1497]] ulipotekwa na Wahispania. Wahispania walifaulu kubaki na mji katika [[vita]] mbalimbali vya [[karne]] zilizofuata. Mwaka [[1936]] [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] vya Hispania vilianza Melilla kwa uasi wa [[wanajeshi]] dhidi ya [[serikali]] ya [[Jamhuri]] ya Hispania. {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Hispania]] ta6xesiqdk21mlf1cjqkaaoku0nse9r 1589623 1589622 2026-08-20T14:21:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589623 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Vista_de_Melilla_7.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Melilla]] [[Picha:Melilla mji.PNG|thumb|right|300px|[[Ramani]] ya mji wa Melilla]] '''Historia ya Melilla''' (tamka: me-li-ya; kwa [[Kiarabu]]: '''مليلية''', Meliliya; [[jina rasmi]]: Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla = Mji wa kujitawala wa Melilla) inahusu [[mji]] huo wa [[Afrika]] kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Mediteranea]] unaozungukwa na eneo la [[Moroko]] upande wa [[bara]]. Umbali na [[Hispania]] bara ni takriban [[km]] 170 kuvuka [[bahari]]. Mji ulio karibu upande wa Moroko ni [[Nador]] kwenye umbali wa km 15. Pamoja na mji wa [[Ceuta]] [[Siasa|kisiasa]] ni sehemu ya Hispania na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ila Moroko inadai ni sehemu ya eneo lake la kitaifa. [[Historia]] yake ilianza zaidi ya miaka 2000 iliyopita ulipoundwa kwa jina la Rusadir. Ukawa sehemu ya [[Dola la Roma]] katika jimbo la [[Mauretania Tingitana]]. Eneo lake lilipiganiwa kuanzia mwaka [[429]] [[BK]] kati ya wavamizi [[Wavandali]] na [[Bizanti]]. Kabla ya mwaka [[700]] [[Waarabu]] [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] walivamia eneo la pwani ya Moroko wakielekea Hispania. Mji ulipata jina la Meliliya ukabaki chini ya [[utawala]] wa Kiislamu hadi mwaka [[1497]] ulipotekwa na Wahispania. Wahispania walifaulu kubaki na mji katika [[vita]] mbalimbali vya [[karne]] zilizofuata. Mwaka [[1936]] [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] vya Hispania vilianza Melilla kwa uasi wa [[wanajeshi]] dhidi ya [[serikali]] ya [[Jamhuri]] ya Hispania. {{Africa topic|Historia ya|title=[[Historia ya Afrika]]}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Hispania]] h7lppuqikxgeyb33ljp686qajwl494d 0 246093 1589625 2026-08-20T14:24:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Visiwa vya Madeira]] 1589625 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[visiwa vya Madeira]] 0u7vsy83o9blh0lh3b6ude6fovaw0z1 0 246094 1589627 2026-08-20T14:26:18Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patricia Summersett''' (alizaliwa [[15 Machi]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] - [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kutoa sauti ya Princess Zelda katika ''The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild'', ''Hyrule Warriors: Age of Calamity'', ''The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom'', na ''Hyrule Warriors: Age of Imprisonment''.<ref>[https://www.austinchronicle.com/events/film/2017-09-22/mother/ mother!], Austin Chronicle, September 22, 2017</ref><re...' 1589627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Summersett''' (alizaliwa [[15 Machi]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] - [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kutoa sauti ya Princess Zelda katika ''The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild'', ''Hyrule Warriors: Age of Calamity'', ''The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom'', na ''Hyrule Warriors: Age of Imprisonment''.<ref>[https://www.austinchronicle.com/events/film/2017-09-22/mother/ mother!], Austin Chronicle, September 22, 2017</ref><ref>[https://collider.com/patricia-summersett-zelda-interview/#breath-of-the-wild Patricia Summersett, AKA Princess Zelda, Has Some Sage Advice for Aspiring Actors], Collider, May 22, 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/08/167301/bold-type-free-the-nipple-episode-6-instagram ''The Bold Type'' Proves Freeing The Nipple Is About So Much More Than Instagram], Refinery 29, August 9, 2017</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 4syvipu2ctruwwui7lphtwncbzbgoo4 0 246095 1589628 2026-08-20T14:26:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Mfereji wa Msumbiji]] 1589628 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[mfereji wa Msumbiji]] 0rt3gs82878p171ol4dehjk8wqm4nzl 0 246096 1589629 2026-08-20T14:29:28Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Janine Sutto''' (amezaliwa [[20 Aprili]], [[1921]] – amefariki [[28 Machi]], [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/arts/comedian-and-actress-janine-sutto-95-dies-in-montreal|title = Beloved Quebec actress Janine Sutto dies at 95}}</ref><ref name="Sutto">{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/flags-lowered-to-half-mast-to-m...' 1589629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Janine Sutto''' (amezaliwa [[20 Aprili]], [[1921]] – amefariki [[28 Machi]], [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/arts/comedian-and-actress-janine-sutto-95-dies-in-montreal|title = Beloved Quebec actress Janine Sutto dies at 95}}</ref><ref name="Sutto">{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/flags-lowered-to-half-mast-to-mark-death-of-janine-sutto/ |title=Flags lowered to half-mast to mark death of Janine Sutto |date=28 March 2017 |work=[[CTV News]] |access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/janine-sutto-dead-prolific-stage-tv-actress-was-95-989439 |title=Janine Sutto, Prolific Stage and TV Actress, Dies at 95 |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=28 March 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1921|2017}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 06ncqixuoqevrtfhdrxyebb6b5kn64i 1589634 1589629 2026-08-20T14:37:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Janine Sutto''' ([[20 Aprili]] [[1921]] – [[28 Machi]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/arts/comedian-and-actress-janine-sutto-95-dies-in-montreal|title = Beloved Quebec actress Janine Sutto dies at 95}}</ref><ref name="Sutto">{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/flags-lowered-to-half-mast-to-mark-death-of-janine-sutto/ |title=Flags lowered to half-mast to mark death of Janine Sutto |date=28 March 2017 |work=[[CTV News]] |access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/janine-sutto-dead-prolific-stage-tv-actress-was-95-989439 |title=Janine Sutto, Prolific Stage and TV Actress, Dies at 95 |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=28 March 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1921|2017}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] rw6blne2m2099duiilec3nk13sxpljw 1589698 1589634 2026-08-20T20:12:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Janine Sutto''' ([[20 Aprili]] [[1921]] – [[28 Machi]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mchekeshaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/arts/comedian-and-actress-janine-sutto-95-dies-in-montreal|title = Beloved Quebec actress Janine Sutto dies at 95}}</ref><ref name="Sutto">{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/flags-lowered-to-half-mast-to-mark-death-of-janine-sutto/ |title=Flags lowered to half-mast to mark death of Janine Sutto |date=28 March 2017 |work=[[CTV News]] |access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/janine-sutto-dead-prolific-stage-tv-actress-was-95-989439 |title=Janine Sutto, Prolific Stage and TV Actress, Dies at 95 |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=28 March 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=28 March 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1921|2017}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3k1cg860rafu9nwdueku6pa20rv2cfd 0 246097 1589631 2026-08-20T14:30:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Image:Andriantsoly.jpg|thumb|Andriantsoly, Sultani wa mwisho wa Mayotte, 1832-1843.]] '''Historia ya Mayotte''' inahusu hilo [[eneo la ng’ambo la Ufaransa]] (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Départment de Mayotte'') ambalo linaundwa na [[visiwa]] vya [[Maore (kisiwa)|Maore]] na [[Pamanzi]] pamoja na vingine vidogo. Eneo hili [[Jiografia|kijiografia]] ni hasa muungo wa [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Komori]] lakini si [[siasa|kisiasa]]. Mayotte iko [[kaskazini]] mwa Mfere...' 1589631 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Andriantsoly.jpg|thumb|Andriantsoly, Sultani wa mwisho wa Mayotte, 1832-1843.]] '''Historia ya Mayotte''' inahusu hilo [[eneo la ng’ambo la Ufaransa]] (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Départment de Mayotte'') ambalo linaundwa na [[visiwa]] vya [[Maore (kisiwa)|Maore]] na [[Pamanzi]] pamoja na vingine vidogo. Eneo hili [[Jiografia|kijiografia]] ni hasa muungo wa [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Komori]] lakini si [[siasa|kisiasa]]. Mayotte iko [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Mfereji wa Msumbiji]] kwenye [[Bahari Hindi]], kati ya [[Madagaska]] upande wa [[mashariki]]-[[kusini]] na [[Msumbiji]] bara upande wa [[magharibi]]. Iko [[kilometa]] 295 magharibi kwa Madagaska na km 67 kusini mashariki mwa [[Anjouan|Nzwani]].Ina eneo la takriban [[km²]] 374. Ni [[mwamba]] wa [[matumbawe]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Mamoudzou]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1977]]. Mji mkuu wa zamani ni [[Dzaoudzi]] kwenye kisiwa cha Pamanzi. Mayotte inaonekana kuwa imekaliwa na [[watu]] kutoka [[karne ya 7]], wakitokea Madagaska, wengine wenye asili ya [[Asia]] na wengine wenye asili ya [[Afrika]]. Kati ya [[karne ya 8]] na [[karne ya 11]] wakazi [[Uislamu|walisilimu]], na kuna [[msikiti]] mkongwe (katika Tsingoni) wa [[karne ya 14]], pamoja na mirhab ya matumbawe ([[1532]]). Visiwa vyote vya Komori vinafuata [[utamaduni]] wa [[Waswahili|Kiswahili]] vikiwa pamoja na Mayotte. [[Mwaka]] wa [[1841]], wakati [[idadi]] ya watu ilipungua kwa wakazi chini ya 3000, [[sultani]] wa mwisho Andriansoly (kutoka Madagaska) aliuza kisiwa kwa [[Ufaransa]] kwa kubadilishana ya [[ulinzi]] wa nchi hiyo, hivyo Mayotte ikawa [[koloni]] la Kifaransa. Mwaka [[1974]], wakati visiwa vingine vitatu vya Komori walidai [[uhuru]] na kuunda Umoja wa Komori, Mayotte iliomba kubaki na Ufaransa, na mwaka [[2011]] ilipewa hali ya eneo la ng'ambo la Ufaransa kwa [[kura ya maoni]]. {{Africa topic|Historia ya|title=[[Historia ya Afrika]]}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Mayotte]] t3e3j7ldkmy5kg8vm52go3ws3bxxupz 0 246098 1589632 2026-08-20T14:33:02Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard''' (amezaliwa [[3 Julai]], [[1929]] – amefariki [[9 Desemba]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye taaluma yake ilidumu kwa zaidi ya miongo sita.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mrs. Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-3071 |website=[[Governor General of Canada]] |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mme. Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https:...' 1589632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard''' (amezaliwa [[3 Julai]], [[1929]] – amefariki [[9 Desemba]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye taaluma yake ilidumu kwa zaidi ya miongo sita.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mrs. Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-3071 |website=[[Governor General of Canada]] |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mme. Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/125-40926 |website=Governor General of Canada |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/126-104300 |website=Governor General of Canada |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1929|2025}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] npj6w12ktx0m80957wmsmq7p7yaplnd 1589635 1589632 2026-08-20T14:37:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard''' ([[3 Julai]] [[1929]] – [[9 Desemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye taaluma yake ilidumu kwa zaidi ya miongo sita.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mrs. Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/146-3071 |website=[[Governor General of Canada]] |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mme. Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/125-40926 |website=Governor General of Canada |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Marie Thérèse Béatrice Picard |url=https://gg.ca/en/honours/recipients/126-104300 |website=Governor General of Canada |access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1929|2025}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0b07s6ai4dyywmr60s0mbz9fo5d45o8 0 246099 1589633 2026-08-20T14:34:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha:Locator map of Canary.png|thumb|Ramani ya Visiwa vya Kanari na Hispania]] [[Picha:Canarias-rotulado.png|thumb|450px|Ramani ya Visiwa vya Kanari]] '''Historia ya Visiwa vya Kanari''' inahusu [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] katika [[bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. Viko baharini [[km]] 150 [[magharibi]] kwa [[Moroko]]. [[Umbali]] na Hispania ni saa mbili kwa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]]. Kisiasa visiwa hivyo ni kati ya maeneo ya kujitawala ndani...' 1589633 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Locator map of Canary.png|thumb|Ramani ya Visiwa vya Kanari na Hispania]] [[Picha:Canarias-rotulado.png|thumb|450px|Ramani ya Visiwa vya Kanari]] '''Historia ya Visiwa vya Kanari''' inahusu [[funguvisiwa]] la [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] katika [[bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]]. Viko baharini [[km]] 150 [[magharibi]] kwa [[Moroko]]. [[Umbali]] na Hispania ni saa mbili kwa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]]. Kisiasa visiwa hivyo ni kati ya maeneo ya kujitawala ndani ya [[ufalme wa Hispania]]. Visiwa vya Kanari vilitembelewa zamani na wasafiri [[Wafinisia]], [[Wagiriki]] na [[Waroma]], baadaye na [[Waarabu]]. Katika [[Ulaya]] visiwa vilisahauliwa hadi [[mwaka]] [[1400]] hivi. Visiwa vilikaliwa na wazawa walioitwa [[Guancha]] na Wahispania walipofika Kanari. Hakuna uhakika kuhusu [[asili]] yao. [[Wataalamu]] wengi hufikiri walikuwa [[Waberber]]. Wengine husema walikuwa wafungwa walioachiwa huru visiwani wakati wa [[Dola la Roma]]. Wakati wa kufika kwa Wahispania kuanzia mwaka 1400 walikuwa na [[utamaduni]] bila [[chuma]]; wanasemekana hawakujua [[usafiri]] wa bahari. Katika [[muda]] wa [[karne]] moja Wahispania walivamia visiwa na kukandamiza utamaduni wa wenyeji. [[Lugha]] yao imekwisha kabisa ingawa kuna bado majina ya mahali visiwani kutokana na lugha ya [[Kiguancha]]. Baada ya Wahispania kufika [[Amerika]], Las Palmas ilikuwa [[bandari]] muhimu ya safari za Atlantiki. {{Africa topic|Historia ya|title=[[Historia ya Afrika]]}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Hispania]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Kanari| ]] dn1jj26ccnqadh7hio05vyonzm4dcjv 0 246100 1589639 2026-08-20T14:42:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha: Saint-Denis_@_La_Réunion.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Réunion]] '''Historia ya Réunion''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: La Réunion) inahusu [[kisiwa]] hicho cha [[Afrika]] na [[mkoa wa ng'ambo wa Ufaransa]] (kwa Kifaransa: département d'outre-mer, au DOM) katika [[Bahari Hindi]]. Kisheria hali yake ni sawa na mikoa mingine ya Ufaransa hivyo ni pia sehemu ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. ==Habari za awali== Taarifa za kwanza za [[maandishi|kimaandishi]]...' 1589639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Saint-Denis_@_La_Réunion.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Réunion]] '''Historia ya Réunion''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: La Réunion) inahusu [[kisiwa]] hicho cha [[Afrika]] na [[mkoa wa ng'ambo wa Ufaransa]] (kwa Kifaransa: département d'outre-mer, au DOM) katika [[Bahari Hindi]]. Kisheria hali yake ni sawa na mikoa mingine ya Ufaransa hivyo ni pia sehemu ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. ==Habari za awali== Taarifa za kwanza za [[maandishi|kimaandishi]] hudokeza kwamba kisiwa hakikuwa na wakazi. [[Waarabu]] waliita "dina margabin" yaani kisiwa cha [[magharibi]]. [[Baharia]] [[Ureno|Mreno]] [[Diego Dias]] alifika tarehe [[9 Februari]] [[1513]] ambayo ni [[sikukuu]] ya Mt. [[Apolonia]] katika mapokeo ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na kukiita kisiwa kwa jina la [[mtakatifu]] huyu "Santa Apolonia", jinsi inavyoonekana katika ramani za kwanza. Baadaye Wareno walitumia [[jina]] la [[nahodha]] maarufu [[Pedro de Mascarenhas]] na kujumlisha visiwa vya Reunion, Mauritius na Rodrigues kwa jina la [[visiwa vya Maskareni]]. Visiwa hivyo vilikuwa na umuhimu fulani kama vituo vya kupumzika katika [[safari]] kati ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Bara Hindi]], mabaharia wakitafuta [[maji]] ya kunywa, nafasi ya kutengeneza [[jahazi]] zao na kuongeza [[chakula]]. Lakini hapakuwa na makao ya kudumu kisiwani. ==Utawala wa Kifaransa== Mwaka [[1640]] Wafaransa walivamia kisiwa na kukitangaza kuwa [[mali]] ya [[Ufaransa]]. Walikiita "Île Bourbon" kutokana na jina la [[familia]] ya [[wafalme]] wa Ufaransa. Mwaka [[1665]] [[walowezi]] wa kwanza Wafaransa walianza kujenga [[nyumba]] zao. Ufalme ulipoondolewa wakati wa [[mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] kisiwa kimepewa jina jipya la Reunion tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[1793]]. Wakati wa [[vita]] vya [[Napoleoni]], Waingereza walivamia kisiwa mwaka [[1810]] lakini wakakirudisha kwa Wafaransa baada ya vita ([[1815]]). [[Picha:Makarena.PNG|thumb|left|300px|Visiwa vya Maskarena kati ya visiwa vya Kiafrika katika Bahari Hindi.]] ==Uchumi wa mashamba na watumwa== Walowezi [[Wazungu]] walianzisha [[Shamba|mashamba]] kwa ajili ya mahitaji ya jahazi zilizopita. Kuanzia mwaka [[1718]] [[mazao ya biashara]] yalilimwa, kwanza [[kahawa]] baadaye pia [[vanilla]] na hasa [[sukari]]. Kwa kusudi hilo [[watumwa]] walipelekwa Reunion kutoka [[Afrika bara]], Bara Hindi na Madagaska. Mwaka [[1768]] kisiwa kilikuwa na wakazi huru 26,284 (hasa Wafaransa) na watumwa 45,000. Ufaransa ulitia sahihi maazimio ya [[Mkutano wa Vienna]] mwaka [[1815]] pamoja na kumaliza [[biashara ya watumwa]] lakini [[biashara]] hii iliendelea kwa [[siri]] na kupanuka hasa kwa wafungwa kutoka Afrika. Idadi ya watumwa iliendela kuongezeka hadi kuondolewa hali ya utumwa tarehe [[20 Desemba]] [[1848]]. Baada ya mwisho wa utumwa walowezi walitafuta [[wafanyakazi]] huko Bara Hindi wakachukua Wahindi wasiofika kama watu huru kwa miaka na haki kidogo. Baadaye hata wafanyakazi [[Wachina]] walichukuliwa. ==Mkoa wa Ufaransa== Mwaka [[1946]] Reunion ilipewa cheo cha Mkoa wa Ufaransa, na tangu [[1997]] imekuwa sehemu ya Umoja wa Ulaya. Mkoa wa Reunion ina [[wilaya]] (Kifaransa: arrondissements) [[nne]]. [[Jamii:Historia ya Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Réunion| ]] 5ouyy4za4dd4is176m1m1cnxm7rwt42 1589640 1589639 2026-08-20T14:43:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1589640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Saint-Denis_@_La_Réunion.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px| Kisiwa cha Réunion]] '''Historia ya Réunion''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: La Réunion) inahusu [[kisiwa]] hicho cha [[Afrika]] na [[mkoa wa ng'ambo wa Ufaransa]] (kwa Kifaransa: département d'outre-mer, au DOM) katika [[Bahari Hindi]]. Kisheria hali yake ni sawa na mikoa mingine ya Ufaransa hivyo ni pia sehemu ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. ==Habari za awali== Taarifa za kwanza za [[maandishi|kimaandishi]] hudokeza kwamba kisiwa hakikuwa na wakazi. [[Waarabu]] waliita "dina margabin" yaani kisiwa cha [[magharibi]]. [[Baharia]] [[Ureno|Mreno]] [[Diego Dias]] alifika tarehe [[9 Februari]] [[1513]] ambayo ni [[sikukuu]] ya Mt. [[Apolonia]] katika mapokeo ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na kukiita kisiwa kwa jina la [[mtakatifu]] huyu "Santa Apolonia", jinsi inavyoonekana katika ramani za kwanza. Baadaye Wareno walitumia [[jina]] la [[nahodha]] maarufu [[Pedro de Mascarenhas]] na kujumlisha visiwa vya Reunion, Mauritius na Rodrigues kwa jina la [[visiwa vya Maskareni]]. Visiwa hivyo vilikuwa na umuhimu fulani kama vituo vya kupumzika katika [[safari]] kati ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Bara Hindi]], mabaharia wakitafuta [[maji]] ya kunywa, nafasi ya kutengeneza [[jahazi]] zao na kuongeza [[chakula]]. Lakini hapakuwa na makao ya kudumu kisiwani. ==Utawala wa Kifaransa== Mwaka [[1640]] Wafaransa walivamia kisiwa na kukitangaza kuwa [[mali]] ya [[Ufaransa]]. Walikiita "Île Bourbon" kutokana na jina la [[familia]] ya [[wafalme]] wa Ufaransa. Mwaka [[1665]] [[walowezi]] wa kwanza Wafaransa walianza kujenga [[nyumba]] zao. Ufalme ulipoondolewa wakati wa [[mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] kisiwa kimepewa jina jipya la Reunion tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[1793]]. Wakati wa [[vita]] vya [[Napoleoni]], Waingereza walivamia kisiwa mwaka [[1810]] lakini wakakirudisha kwa Wafaransa baada ya vita ([[1815]]). [[Picha:Makarena.PNG|thumb|left|300px|Visiwa vya Maskarena kati ya visiwa vya Kiafrika katika Bahari Hindi.]] ==Uchumi wa mashamba na watumwa== Walowezi [[Wazungu]] walianzisha [[Shamba|mashamba]] kwa ajili ya mahitaji ya jahazi zilizopita. Kuanzia mwaka [[1718]] [[mazao ya biashara]] yalilimwa, kwanza [[kahawa]] baadaye pia [[vanilla]] na hasa [[sukari]]. Kwa kusudi hilo [[watumwa]] walipelekwa Reunion kutoka [[Afrika bara]], Bara Hindi na Madagaska. Mwaka [[1768]] kisiwa kilikuwa na wakazi huru 26,284 (hasa Wafaransa) na watumwa 45,000. Ufaransa ulitia sahihi maazimio ya [[Mkutano wa Vienna]] mwaka [[1815]] pamoja na kumaliza [[biashara ya watumwa]] lakini [[biashara]] hii iliendelea kwa [[siri]] na kupanuka hasa kwa wafungwa kutoka Afrika. Idadi ya watumwa iliendela kuongezeka hadi kuondolewa hali ya utumwa tarehe [[20 Desemba]] [[1848]]. Baada ya mwisho wa utumwa walowezi walitafuta [[wafanyakazi]] huko Bara Hindi wakachukua Wahindi wasiofika kama watu huru kwa miaka na haki kidogo. Baadaye hata wafanyakazi [[Wachina]] walichukuliwa. ==Mkoa wa Ufaransa== Mwaka [[1946]] Reunion ilipewa cheo cha Mkoa wa Ufaransa, na tangu [[1997]] imekuwa sehemu ya Umoja wa Ulaya. Mkoa wa Reunion ina [[wilaya]] (Kifaransa: arrondissements) [[nne]]. {{Africa topic|Historia ya|title=[[Historia ya Afrika]]}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Réunion| ]] 769c9aipn7ygqtl9enau9istbmttgn6 0 246101 1589643 2026-08-20T15:16:35Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Susan Linda Fair''', anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Princesa Lea''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1949]] huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni Vedette, [[mwigizaji]] na mcheza dansi wa Meksiko aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]], mwenye asili ya [[Kanada]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa ma-vedette wa Meksiko waliokuwa maarufu zaidi katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980.<ref>[http://laprincesalea.blogspot.mx/ ''La Princesa Lea'']</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1949|}} Jamii...' 1589643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Linda Fair''', anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Princesa Lea''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1949]] huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni Vedette, [[mwigizaji]] na mcheza dansi wa Meksiko aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]], mwenye asili ya [[Kanada]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa ma-vedette wa Meksiko waliokuwa maarufu zaidi katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980.<ref>[http://laprincesalea.blogspot.mx/ ''La Princesa Lea'']</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1949|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] etrwvfp8vb8vhnnyb1rshmmfnv2m9xq 0 246102 1589645 2026-08-20T15:20:03Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Danielle Proulx''' (alizaliwa [[12 Oktoba]], [[1952]]) ni mwigizaji [[Mkanada]] wa [[Kifaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Danielle Proulx alizaliwa tarehe 12 Oktoba 1952 huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref>"C.R.A.Z.Y. wins big at Genies: Vallee's gay coming-of-age movie takes 10 awards". ''[[Welland Tribune]]'', March 14, 2006.</ref><ref>"List of Genie Award winners". ''[[Hamilton Spectator]]'', November 27, 1991.</ref><ref>Sophie St-Laurent, [https://fr....' 1589645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danielle Proulx''' (alizaliwa [[12 Oktoba]], [[1952]]) ni mwigizaji [[Mkanada]] wa [[Kifaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Danielle Proulx alizaliwa tarehe 12 Oktoba 1952 huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref>"C.R.A.Z.Y. wins big at Genies: Vallee's gay coming-of-age movie takes 10 awards". ''[[Welland Tribune]]'', March 14, 2006.</ref><ref>"List of Genie Award winners". ''[[Hamilton Spectator]]'', November 27, 1991.</ref><ref>Sophie St-Laurent, [https://fr.chatelaine.com/mode/tendances/catherine-proulx-lemay-et-david-savard-lentrevue-en-deux-temps/ "Catherine Proulx-Lemay et David Savard : L’entrevue en deux temps"]. ''[[Châtelaine]]'', March 11, 2014.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3ys1vcmo7a99ynketvyg3x0lani8kd0 0 246103 1589646 2026-08-20T15:24:41Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dominique Quesnel''' (alizaliwa [[8 Machi]], [[1964]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]].<ref name=canenc>Patricia Belzil, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dominique-quesnel "Dominique Quesnel"]. ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]'', October 24, 2011.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 2012 ''The Torrent (Le Torrent)'', ambapo aliteuliwa kwa Jutra Award katika kitengo cha Mwi...' 1589646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dominique Quesnel''' (alizaliwa [[8 Machi]], [[1964]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]].<ref name=canenc>Patricia Belzil, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/dominique-quesnel "Dominique Quesnel"]. ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]'', October 24, 2011.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 2012 ''The Torrent (Le Torrent)'', ambapo aliteuliwa kwa Jutra Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 15th Jutra Awards mwaka 2013.<ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/598138/jutra-15e-nominations "Jutra : Laurence anyways et Rebelle en tête des nominations"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], January 31, 2013.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1964|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3xqbnrmk53qaq9ia7x1lc9re4dakvqm 0 246104 1589647 2026-08-20T15:39:29Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ginette Reno''' (alizaliwa '''Ginette Raynault'''; [[28 Aprili]], [[1946]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na mwigizaji wa [[Kanada]].<ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1157795/tu-trouveras-la-paix-renee-claude-tete-palmares-itunes-canada "La chanson pour Renée Claude en tête du palmarès iTunes Canada"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817111947/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1157795/tu-trouveras-la-paix-renee-cl...' 1589647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ginette Reno''' (alizaliwa '''Ginette Raynault'''; [[28 Aprili]], [[1946]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na mwigizaji wa [[Kanada]].<ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1157795/tu-trouveras-la-paix-renee-claude-tete-palmares-itunes-canada "La chanson pour Renée Claude en tête du palmarès iTunes Canada"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817111947/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1157795/tu-trouveras-la-paix-renee-claude-tete-palmares-itunes-canada |date=17 August 2019 }}. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], 11 March 2019.</ref><ref>Jean Siag, [https://www.lapresse.ca/cinema/critiques/2022-10-28/les-12-travaux-d-imelda/etonnante-comedie.php "Les 12 travaux d’Imelda : Étonnante comédie"] ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', October 28, 2022.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1946|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] sqgl0t8wcfl0gvdk08ghkkpm1fe13ic 1589648 1589647 2026-08-20T15:40:30Z Christina Charles 71406 1589648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ginette Reno''' (alizaliwa '''Ginette Raynault'''; [[28 Aprili]], [[1946]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na mwigizaji wa [[Kanada]].<ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1157795/tu-trouveras-la-paix-renee-claude-tete-palmares-itunes-canada "La chanson pour Renée Claude en tête du palmarès iTunes Canada"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817111947/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1157795/tu-trouveras-la-paix-renee-claude-tete-palmares-itunes-canada |date=17 August 2019 }}. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], 11 March 2019.</ref><ref>Jean Siag, [https://www.lapresse.ca/cinema/critiques/2022-10-28/les-12-travaux-d-imelda/etonnante-comedie.php "Les 12 travaux d’Imelda : Étonnante comédie"] ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', October 28, 2022.</ref><ref name="Cherry, Paul page 96">Cherry, Paul ''The Biker Trials Bringing Down the Hell's Angels'', Toronto: ECW Press, 2005 page 96.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1946|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 5982w4pg9h4600sb42amrjxr5ohtxkq 0 246105 1589650 2026-08-20T15:44:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nahéma Ricci''', pia anayejulikana kama '''Nahéma Ricci-Sahabi'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/bon-pied-bonne-heure/segments/entrevue/70127/sophie-deraspe-cineaste-long-metrage-antigone |title=Quatrième long métrage pour la Madelinienne Sophie Deraspe |first=Kim |last=Bergeron |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|Radio-Canada]] |date=1 May 2018 |access-date=22 September 2019 |language=French }}</ref>(a...' 1589650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nahéma Ricci''', pia anayejulikana kama '''Nahéma Ricci-Sahabi'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/bon-pied-bonne-heure/segments/entrevue/70127/sophie-deraspe-cineaste-long-metrage-antigone |title=Quatrième long métrage pour la Madelinienne Sophie Deraspe |first=Kim |last=Bergeron |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|Radio-Canada]] |date=1 May 2018 |access-date=22 September 2019 |language=French }}</ref>(amezaliwa [[1997]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Ricci alizaliwa [[Montreal]] na wazazi wahamiaji, na ana asili ya [[Ufaransa]] na [[Tunisia]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Debra |last=Yeo |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/movies/2020/05/28/quebec-film-antigone-wins-canadian-screen-award-for-best-motion-picture.html |title=Quebec film 'Antigone' wins Canadian Screen Award for Best Motion Picture |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1997|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3x4poxet74io2h2a952rsoxmxz8so5p 0 246106 1589652 2026-08-20T15:48:47Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cristina Rosato''' (alizaliwa [[6 Januari]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Ameonekana katika mfululizo wa televisheni kama ''Rookie Blue'', ''Trauma (Canadian TV series)|Trauma'' na ''Turner and Hooch''. == Maisha ya awali == Rosato alisomea uigizaji katika American Academy of Dramatic Arts huko [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="VO20130403">{{cite web|last=Pozzo|first=Jasmyn|date=April 3, 2013|title=Multilingual Canadian star Cristina Rosato on th...' 1589652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cristina Rosato''' (alizaliwa [[6 Januari]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Ameonekana katika mfululizo wa televisheni kama ''Rookie Blue'', ''Trauma (Canadian TV series)|Trauma'' na ''Turner and Hooch''. == Maisha ya awali == Rosato alisomea uigizaji katika American Academy of Dramatic Arts huko [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="VO20130403">{{cite web|last=Pozzo|first=Jasmyn|date=April 3, 2013|title=Multilingual Canadian star Cristina Rosato on the rise|url=https://www.vancouverobserver.com/blogs/canadianstar/multilingual-canadian-star-cristina-rosato-rise|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129084159/https://www.vancouverobserver.com/blogs/canadianstar/multilingual-canadian-star-cristina-rosato-rise|archive-date=November 29, 2013|work=vancouverobserver.com|publisher=Vancouver Observer|department=Stars|accessdate=November 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood Allies|url=http://www.mahalo.com/assassins-creed-brotherhood-allies/|publisher=mahalo.com|accessdate=November 11, 2011}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] h2ckhekvy518gwx060ajd7oaznmdpb3 0 246107 1589654 2026-08-20T15:52:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michelle Rossignol''' (amezaliwa [[4 Februari]], [[1940]] – amefariki [[18 Mei]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu wa [[Kanada]]. Alionekana katika filamu kumi na tano kati ya mwaka 1956 na 2010. Aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka 1991 na kuwa Knight wa National Order of Quebec mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=1424|title=National Order of Quebec citation|language=French}}</r...' 1589654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Rossignol''' (amezaliwa [[4 Februari]], [[1940]] – amefariki [[18 Mei]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu wa [[Kanada]]. Alionekana katika filamu kumi na tano kati ya mwaka 1956 na 2010. Aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka 1991 na kuwa Knight wa National Order of Quebec mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=1424|title=National Order of Quebec citation|language=French}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1940|2020}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] l2yfi5nji6f0tj755h37unck5r3rlq0 1589711 1589654 2026-08-20T22:10:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Rossignol''' (amezaliwa [[4 Februari]], [[1940]] – amefariki [[18 Mei]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu wa [[Kanada]]. Alionekana katika filamu kumi na tano kati ya mwaka 1956 na 2010. Aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka 1991 na kuwa Knight wa National Order of Quebec mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=1424|title=National Order of Quebec citation|language=French}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1940|2020}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] cgrvr583dzcwg4cib4cfp8cjb6yx7yc 0 246108 1589657 2026-08-20T15:55:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lise Roy''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye ameonekana katika maonyesho ya jukwaani, [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]].<ref name="UQAM">{{cite web|url=https://www.actualites.uqam.ca/2016/trois-nouveaux-professeurs-ecole-superieure-de-theatre |title=Du sang neuf à l'Ést |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |publisher=[[Université du Québec à Montréal]] |date=June 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2016/0...' 1589657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lise Roy''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye ameonekana katika maonyesho ya jukwaani, [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]].<ref name="UQAM">{{cite web|url=https://www.actualites.uqam.ca/2016/trois-nouveaux-professeurs-ecole-superieure-de-theatre |title=Du sang neuf à l'Ést |accessdate=May 22, 2017 |publisher=[[Université du Québec à Montréal]] |date=June 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2016/07/14/king-dave-pari-gagne |title=King Dave: tout un exploit! |last=Demers |first=Maxim |accessdate=June 16, 2017 |work=[[Le Journal de Montreal]] |date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] nsu3kfczwreujwtwbjlnp6uuxhbqvid 0 246109 1589658 2026-08-20T15:59:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arden R. Ryshpan''' ni mkurugenzi wa uigizaji wa [[Kanada]] na [[mwigizaji]], anayefanya kazi kwa [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiingereza]] katika nyanja mbalimbali.<ref>The Sherbrooke Record - December 31st, 1975, p. 7 - Agenda of the TV program.</ref><ref name=career>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/arden-ryshpan-2a62b68/?originalSubdomain=ca Arden Ryshpan]</ref><ref name=Actra>[http://ccarts.ca/fr/board-of-governors/4430/ACTRA - Arden Ryshpan, Treasurer & Chair of...' 1589658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arden R. Ryshpan''' ni mkurugenzi wa uigizaji wa [[Kanada]] na [[mwigizaji]], anayefanya kazi kwa [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiingereza]] katika nyanja mbalimbali.<ref>The Sherbrooke Record - December 31st, 1975, p. 7 - Agenda of the TV program.</ref><ref name=career>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/arden-ryshpan-2a62b68/?originalSubdomain=ca Arden Ryshpan]</ref><ref name=Actra>[http://ccarts.ca/fr/board-of-governors/4430/ACTRA - Arden Ryshpan, Treasurer & Chair of the Finance Committee (Ontario)]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] e2rzzke8g3aop2b7wx7ic90o0zs57p7 0 246110 1589659 2026-08-20T16:03:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mutsumi Takahashi''' ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Kijapani]] - [[Kanada]]. Tangu mwaka 1986, amekuwa mmoja wa watangazaji wakuu wa habari wa CFCF-DT huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name="MUHC">{{cite web |url=http://muhc.ca/best-care/page/team |title=Co-chair, The Best Care for Life Campaign, public phase: Mutsumi Takahashi |work=Team |publisher=[[McGill University Health Centre]] |accessdate=March 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/...' 1589659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutsumi Takahashi''' ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Kijapani]] - [[Kanada]]. Tangu mwaka 1986, amekuwa mmoja wa watangazaji wakuu wa habari wa CFCF-DT huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name="MUHC">{{cite web |url=http://muhc.ca/best-care/page/team |title=Co-chair, The Best Care for Life Campaign, public phase: Mutsumi Takahashi |work=Team |publisher=[[McGill University Health Centre]] |accessdate=March 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028112022/https://muhc.ca/best-care/page/team|archive-date=October 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="montrealer081101">{{Cite magazine |url=https://themontrealeronline.com/2008/11/mitsumi-takahashi-cfcf-news/ |title=Mitsumi [sic] Takahashi of CFCF News |magazine=[[The Montrealer]] |date=November 1, 2008}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] k4ojwwwp2m68edtngjmnu06k5evbzdj 0 246111 1589661 2026-08-20T16:07:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Irina Terehova''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1989]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Moldova]] - [[Kanada]] na mshiriki wa vipindi vya televisheni ya uhalisia.<ref name="Asian star">{{cite news|url=https://www.journaldequebec.com/2017/05/26/ils-ont-change-de-vie-il-vend-tout-ici-et-devient-une-vedette-en-asie|title=Ils ont changé de vie: il vend tout ici et devient une vedette en Asie|date=27 May 2017|author=Pierre-Paul Biron|website=[[Journal de Quebec]]}}<...' 1589661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irina Terehova''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1989]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Moldova]] - [[Kanada]] na mshiriki wa vipindi vya televisheni ya uhalisia.<ref name="Asian star">{{cite news|url=https://www.journaldequebec.com/2017/05/26/ils-ont-change-de-vie-il-vend-tout-ici-et-devient-une-vedette-en-asie|title=Ils ont changé de vie: il vend tout ici et devient une vedette en Asie|date=27 May 2017|author=Pierre-Paul Biron|website=[[Journal de Quebec]]}}</ref><ref name="Champion du monde Le droit">{{cite news|author=Martin Comtois|url=http://www.lapresse.ca/le-droit/sports/autres-sports/boxe/201612/13/01-5051089-victoire-a-mains-nues.php|title=Victoire à mains nues|date=13 December 2016|work=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] elgm4q6nku0dmdpe40ujnywel4w9fhi 0 246112 1589662 2026-08-20T16:09:52Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chantal Thuy''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Mmarekani]] anayejulikana kwa nafasi yake kama Grace Choi katika ''Black Lightning (TV series)|Black Lightning''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://feministasiandad.com/2018/09/08/chantal-thuy-interview-black-lightning-grace-choi/ |title=''Black Lightning'' Actress Chantal Thuy: The F.A.D. Interview |last= |first= |date=September 8, 2018 |website=Feminist Asian Dad |publisher= |access-date=November...' 1589662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chantal Thuy''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Mmarekani]] anayejulikana kwa nafasi yake kama Grace Choi katika ''Black Lightning (TV series)|Black Lightning''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://feministasiandad.com/2018/09/08/chantal-thuy-interview-black-lightning-grace-choi/ |title=''Black Lightning'' Actress Chantal Thuy: The F.A.D. Interview |last= |first= |date=September 8, 2018 |website=Feminist Asian Dad |publisher= |access-date=November 2, 2018 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://charactermedia.com/chantal-thuy-first-asian-american-lgbtq-superhero-on-tv-linda-vista-dc-comics-black-lightning/|title=Chantal Thuy Smolders As The First Asian American LGBTQ Superhero On TV|last=Hong|first=Tae|date=January 30, 2019 |website=Character Media |language=en-US|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] dyo30r2zwbyosgjt7tjind9msi89nv6 0 246113 1589663 2026-08-20T16:12:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cali Timmins''' (alizaliwa [[27 Aprili]], [[1963]])<ref name=allmovie>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/cali-timmins-p71042|title=Cali Timmins|work=[[AllMovie]]|accessdate=May 27, 2019}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa [[Kanada]], labda anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika tamthilia ya televisheni ''Ryan's Hope'' kama Maggie Shelby kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1989.<ref name="CBCaHang">{{cite web | title=Hangin' In - 1981-01-14 - Press...' 1589663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cali Timmins''' (alizaliwa [[27 Aprili]], [[1963]])<ref name=allmovie>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/cali-timmins-p71042|title=Cali Timmins|work=[[AllMovie]]|accessdate=May 27, 2019}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa [[Kanada]], labda anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika tamthilia ya televisheni ''Ryan's Hope'' kama Maggie Shelby kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1989.<ref name="CBCaHang">{{cite web | title=Hangin' In - 1981-01-14 - Pressure Point | url=https://distributionarchives.cbcrc.ca/en/items/5cdbed24-28a1-451c-83ba-6cd69424d913 | website=CBC Archive Sales | publisher=[[CBC Television|CBC]] / [[Société Radio Canada]] | access-date=17 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="AFIf">{{cite web | title=Cali Timmins | url=https://catalog.afi.com/Person/407530-Cali-Timmins | access-date=16 August 2025 | website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] | publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6v7on2l344kapbyjwva2ar6g07xpk4c 0 246114 1589664 2026-08-20T16:15:52Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Angela Tong''' (alizaliwa [[30 Juni]], [[1975]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa Hong Kong. Alizaliwa [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Kanada]], akiwa na mizizi ya kifamilia kutoka Shunde, [[Guangdong]], [[China]]. Alikuwa Miss Chinese Montreal mwaka 1995. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Concordia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121116041940/http://artiste.tvb.com/index.php?m=guest&u=angelatongyingyinghk Angela Tong's page at TVB]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{m...' 1589664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Tong''' (alizaliwa [[30 Juni]], [[1975]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa Hong Kong. Alizaliwa [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Kanada]], akiwa na mizizi ya kifamilia kutoka Shunde, [[Guangdong]], [[China]]. Alikuwa Miss Chinese Montreal mwaka 1995. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Concordia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121116041940/http://artiste.tvb.com/index.php?m=guest&u=angelatongyingyinghk Angela Tong's page at TVB]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 014147eqbs3zxjr2dzjr5j52hdr0p6e 0 246115 1589679 2026-08-20T19:04:49Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lori lenye sehemu ya mizigo iliyofungwa''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''panel truck'') ni aina ya lori dogo la kusafirisha mizigo lenye sehemu ya nyuma iliyofungwa kabisa. Pia linaweza kuitwa ''panel delivery'' au [[van]] iliyotengenezwa kwa msingi wa [[pickup]]. Kwa kawaida, aina hii ya gari huwa na sehemu ya nyuma yenye urefu mkubwa na nafasi ya kubebea mizigo iliyofungwa, bila madirisha kwenye sehemu za pembeni au nyuma za eneo la mizigo. Muundo huu husaidia...' 1589679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lori lenye sehemu ya mizigo iliyofungwa''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''panel truck'') ni aina ya lori dogo la kusafirisha mizigo lenye sehemu ya nyuma iliyofungwa kabisa. Pia linaweza kuitwa ''panel delivery'' au [[van]] iliyotengenezwa kwa msingi wa [[pickup]]. Kwa kawaida, aina hii ya gari huwa na sehemu ya nyuma yenye urefu mkubwa na nafasi ya kubebea mizigo iliyofungwa, bila madirisha kwenye sehemu za pembeni au nyuma za eneo la mizigo. Muundo huu husaidia kulinda mizigo dhidi ya hali ya hewa na pia huifanya sehemu ya mizigo kuwa salama zaidi. Neno ''panel truck'' lilianza kutumika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1910. Magari haya yaliuzwa na kutumiwa kwa shughuli mbalimbali za kibiashara, zikiwemo kazi za makandarasi, usafirishaji wa bidhaa na huduma za utoaji wa mizigo. Kwa kawaida, lori lenye sehemu ya mizigo iliyofungwa linaweza kuelezewa kama [[van]] ndogo iliyojengwa kwa kutumia [[chassis]] ya lori au [[pickup]]. Nchini Uingereza, gari la aina hii kwa kawaida huitwa '''delivery van''', yaani gari la kusafirisha na kusambaza mizigo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Malori]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kubeba mizigo]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kibiashara]] [[Jamii:Van]] dk6zm256e2bu0jhdqdar7igizoh4a2q 0 246116 1589681 2026-08-20T19:05:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Imani Barnes''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka [[Chama]] cha Kidemokrasia cha Georgia (Georgia Democratic Party), ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia (Georgia House of Representatives), akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 86.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imani Barnes|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Imani_Barnes|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} Jamii:Watu walio h...' 1589681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imani Barnes''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka [[Chama]] cha Kidemokrasia cha Georgia (Georgia Democratic Party), ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia (Georgia House of Representatives), akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 86.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imani Barnes|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Imani_Barnes|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 77x8ncf74fr0wsnd96jxq7euip0td2x 1589697 1589681 2026-08-20T20:04:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imani Barnes''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka [[Chama]] cha Kidemokrasia cha Georgia (Georgia Democratic Party), ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Georgia (Georgia House of Representatives), akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 86.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Imani Barnes|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Imani_Barnes|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] nqex4n87zf7ldrvwzogvt3ru8fkhk1t 0 246117 1589682 2026-08-20T19:08:26Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carol Brice''' (Aprili 16, 1918 – Februari 15, 1985) alikuwa [[I|mwimbaji]] wa Kimarekani mwenye sauti ya kontralto. Alizaliwa Sedalia, North Carolina. Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Palmer Memorial na baadaye Chuo cha Talladega huko Talladega, Alabama, ambako alipata shahada ya Muziki mwaka 1939. Aliendelea na masomo katika Shule ya Muziki ya Juilliard kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1943. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na nafasi yake katika onyesho la ''The H...' 1589682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carol Brice''' (Aprili 16, 1918 – Februari 15, 1985) alikuwa [[I|mwimbaji]] wa Kimarekani mwenye sauti ya kontralto. Alizaliwa Sedalia, North Carolina. Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Palmer Memorial na baadaye Chuo cha Talladega huko Talladega, Alabama, ambako alipata shahada ya Muziki mwaka 1939. Aliendelea na masomo katika Shule ya Muziki ya Juilliard kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1943. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na nafasi yake katika onyesho la ''The Hot Mikado'' lililofanyika katika Maonesho ya Dunia ya New York mwaka 1939, ambako alifanya kazi pamoja na msanii Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. Mwaka 1943, Brice alifanya onesho lake la kwanza la [[muziki]]. Katika mwaka huo huo, akawa Mwafrika-Mmarekani wa kwanza kushinda [[Tuzo]] ya Walter Naumburg. Katika matamasha yake, mara nyingi aliandamana na kaka yake, Jonathan Brice, aliyekuwa mpiga piano. Mwaka 1945, alifundisha kwa muda mfupi katika Chuo cha Black Mountain.<ref>{{Citation|last=Fortini|first=Amanda|title=Why Are We Still Talking About Black Mountain College?|date=2022-07-07|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/07/t-magazine/black-mountain-college.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-20}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1985]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] iok2zvg6v3iq0f20o1gojm5vwg71rp3 0 246118 1589683 2026-08-20T19:11:12Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Microvan''' ni aina ya [[van]] au [[minivan]] ndogo sana ambayo kwa kawaida huingia katika kundi la magari madogo ya Japani linalojulikana kama ''kei car'', au makundi mengine yanayofanana na hilo. Microvan ni ndogo kuliko [[mini MPV]] na hutengenezwa kwa kuzingatia matumizi katika barabara nyembamba na maeneo yenye nafasi ndogo, hasa mijini. Magari haya kwa kawaida huwa na umbo linalotumia nafasi kwa ufanisi, hivyo yanaweza kubeba abiria au mizigo lic...' 1589683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Microvan''' ni aina ya [[van]] au [[minivan]] ndogo sana ambayo kwa kawaida huingia katika kundi la magari madogo ya Japani linalojulikana kama ''kei car'', au makundi mengine yanayofanana na hilo. Microvan ni ndogo kuliko [[mini MPV]] na hutengenezwa kwa kuzingatia matumizi katika barabara nyembamba na maeneo yenye nafasi ndogo, hasa mijini. Magari haya kwa kawaida huwa na umbo linalotumia nafasi kwa ufanisi, hivyo yanaweza kubeba abiria au mizigo licha ya kuwa na vipimo vidogo. Kutokana na ukubwa wake, microvan hufaa kwa matumizi katika maeneo yenye msongamano wa magari na barabara nyembamba. Mfano wa microvan ni [[Subaru Sambar]], ambayo imewahi kutengenezwa ikiwa na muundo wa sehemu moja inayounganisha eneo la abiria na sehemu kuu ya gari. Baadhi ya matoleo yake yalikuwa na uwezo wa kubeba abiria wanne na yalitumia injini ya silinda mbili yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 544, iliyowekwa upande wa nyuma wa gari. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Van]] [[Jamii:Minivan]] [[Jamii:Magari madogo]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kibiashara]] n4g5okadblet38852vkfybls7bc9ji8 0 246119 1589684 2026-08-20T19:11:25Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ashlei Spivey''' (alizaliwa Agosti 15, 1986)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nebraska Legislature|url=https://nebraskalegislature.gov/senators/landing-pages/index.php?District=13|work=nebraskalegislature.gov|accessdate=2026-08-20}}</ref> ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Omaha, Nebraska, anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Nebraska. Anawakilisha wilaya ya 13, inayojumuisha sehemu kubwa ya kaskazini Omaha na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Kaunti ya Douglas. Alimrithi J...' 1589684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashlei Spivey''' (alizaliwa Agosti 15, 1986)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nebraska Legislature|url=https://nebraskalegislature.gov/senators/landing-pages/index.php?District=13|work=nebraskalegislature.gov|accessdate=2026-08-20}}</ref> ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Omaha, Nebraska, anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Nebraska. Anawakilisha wilaya ya 13, inayojumuisha sehemu kubwa ya kaskazini Omaha na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Kaunti ya Douglas. Alimrithi Justin Wayne, ambaye alimaliza muda wake wa kuhudumu. Spivey alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kuchaguliwa katika [[Bunge]] la Nebraska tangu mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spivey wins key northeast Omaha legislative race • Nebraska Examiner|url=https://nebraskaexaminer.com/briefs/spivey-wins-key-northeast-omaha-legislative-race/|work=Nebraska Examiner|date=2024-11-18|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Kwa sasa, anahudumu katika kamati mbalimbali za Bunge la Nebraska, zikiwemo Kamati ya Matumizi ya Fedha, Kamati ya Mahusiano kati ya [[Serikali]] na Makabila, Kamati ya Ufufuaji wa Uchumi, na Kamati ya Kamati. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] kk309un9amib8qeep54yzwai8y2buuh 0 246120 1589685 2026-08-20T19:13:50Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Autozam Scrum''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Mazda Scrum''', ni [[microvan]] na [[lori la kei]] zenye muundo wa kabini iliyowekwa mbele ya injini. Gari hili linauzwa nchini Japani pekee na [[Mazda]]. Hapo awali lilikuwa sehemu ya chapa ya [[Autozam]], na lilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwezi Juni 1989. Mazda bado inaendelea kuuza Scrum kwa jina lake yenyewe. Scrum ni toleo la [[Suzuki Carry]] na [[Suzuki Every]] linalouzwa kwa chapa tofauti, n...' 1589685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Autozam Scrum''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Mazda Scrum''', ni [[microvan]] na [[lori la kei]] zenye muundo wa kabini iliyowekwa mbele ya injini. Gari hili linauzwa nchini Japani pekee na [[Mazda]]. Hapo awali lilikuwa sehemu ya chapa ya [[Autozam]], na lilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwezi Juni 1989. Mazda bado inaendelea kuuza Scrum kwa jina lake yenyewe. Scrum ni toleo la [[Suzuki Carry]] na [[Suzuki Every]] linalouzwa kwa chapa tofauti, na hutumia injini zinazotengenezwa na Suzuki. Miundo ya kwanza ilikuwa na injini ya Suzuki F5B yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 550. Injini hiyo ilizalisha nguvu ya PS 34 (25 kW), huku toleo lenye turbo na intercooler likizalisha PS 52 (38 kW). Baada ya miezi tisa tu, modeli hiyo ilibadilishwa na mfululizo wa '''DG/DH51''', uliokuwa na injini kubwa zaidi yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 660. Mabadiliko hayo yalifanyika kutokana na kubadilishwa kwa viwango vya magari ya ''kei car'' nchini Japani. Matoleo mapya yalikuwa na nguvu ya PS 38 (28 kW), huku yale yenye turbo yakizalisha PS 58 (43 kW). Mwaka 2000, toleo la kubeba abiria lililoitwa '''Scrum Wagon''' lilianzishwa. Wakati huohuo, matoleo ya lori na [[van]] yaliyotengenezwa kwa matumizi ya kibiashara yalifanyiwa maboresho. Mazda Scrum hutumia injini ya silinda tatu yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 660, inayopatikana katika matoleo mbalimbali, yakiwemo yale yenye turbo. Gari hili hupatikana katika mfumo wa [[2WD|uendeshaji wa magurudumu mawili]] au [[4WD|uendeshaji wa magurudumu yote manne]]. Katika baadhi ya matoleo ya 4WD, dereva anaweza kubadilisha mfumo wa uendeshaji kati ya 2WD na 4WD kulingana na mazingira ya barabara. Pia, mfumo huo una gia za kawaida na gia za mwendo wa chini kwa matumizi katika maeneo yenye changamoto. Jina '''Scrum''' limetokana na neno linalotumika katika mchezo wa [[rugby]], likimaanisha aina ya mpangilio wa wachezaji wakati wa mchezo. Jina hilo lilichaguliwa kuwakilisha uimara na nguvu ya gari. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Mazda]] [[Jamii:Microvan]] [[Jamii:Malori ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kibiashara]] [[Jamii:Magari yaliyoanzishwa mwaka 1989]] mr3icto2r60pbmzwm3klynwlwld6cxc 1589687 1589685 2026-08-20T19:15:24Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 1589687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Autozam Scrum''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Mazda Scrum''', ni [[microvan]] na [[lori la kei]] zenye muundo wa kabini iliyowekwa mbele ya injini. Gari hili linauzwa nchini Japani pekee na [[Mazda]]. Hapo awali lilikuwa sehemu ya chapa ya [[Autozam]], na lilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwezi Juni 1989. Mazda bado inaendelea kuuza Scrum kwa jina lake yenyewe. Scrum ni toleo la [[Suzuki Carry]] na [[Suzuki Every]] linalouzwa kwa chapa tofauti, na hutumia injini zinazotengenezwa na Suzuki. Miundo ya kwanza ilikuwa na injini ya Suzuki F5B yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 550. Injini hiyo ilizalisha nguvu ya PS 34 (25 kW), huku toleo lenye turbo na intercooler likizalisha PS 52 (38 kW). Baada ya miezi tisa tu, modeli hiyo ilibadilishwa na mfululizo wa '''DG/DH51''', uliokuwa na injini kubwa zaidi yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 660. Mabadiliko hayo yalifanyika kutokana na kubadilishwa kwa viwango vya magari ya ''kei car'' nchini Japani. Matoleo mapya yalikuwa na nguvu ya PS 38 (28 kW), huku yale yenye turbo yakizalisha PS 58 (43 kW). Mwaka 2000, toleo la kubeba abiria lililoitwa '''Scrum Wagon''' lilianzishwa. Wakati huohuo, matoleo ya lori na [[van]] yaliyotengenezwa kwa matumizi ya kibiashara yalifanyiwa maboresho. Mazda Scrum hutumia injini ya silinda tatu yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 660, inayopatikana katika matoleo mbalimbali, yakiwemo yale yenye turbo. Gari hili hupatikana katika mfumo wa uendeshaji wa magurudumu mawili au uendeshaji wa magurudumu yote manne. Katika baadhi ya matoleo ya 4WD, dereva anaweza kubadilisha mfumo wa uendeshaji kati ya 2WD na 4WD kulingana na mazingira ya barabara. Pia, mfumo huo una gia za kawaida na gia za mwendo wa chini kwa matumizi katika maeneo yenye changamoto. Jina '''Scrum''' limetokana na neno linalotumika katika mchezo wa [[rugby]], likimaanisha aina ya mpangilio wa wachezaji wakati wa mchezo. Jina hilo lilichaguliwa kuwakilisha uimara na nguvu ya gari. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Mazda]] [[Jamii:Microvan]] [[Jamii:Malori ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kibiashara]] [[Jamii:Magari yaliyoanzishwa mwaka 1989]] ri9xeq5xr1zc2b4lgesod1xnleijx98 0 246121 1589686 2026-08-20T19:15:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tracy Smith Malone''' ni askofu wa Kimarekani katika [[Kanisa]] la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Tangu mwaka 2024, amekuwa [[rais]] wa Baraza la Maaskofu wa Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kushika nafasi ya urais wa Baraza la Maaskofu katika Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Tangu mwaka 2024, Malone amehudumu kama [[Askofu]] wa Eneo la Kiaskofu la Indiana la Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Askof...' 1589686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tracy Smith Malone''' ni askofu wa Kimarekani katika [[Kanisa]] la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Tangu mwaka 2024, amekuwa [[rais]] wa Baraza la Maaskofu wa Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kushika nafasi ya urais wa Baraza la Maaskofu katika Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Tangu mwaka 2024, Malone amehudumu kama [[Askofu]] wa Eneo la Kiaskofu la Indiana la Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Askofu wa Eneo la Kiaskofu la Mashariki mwa Ohio kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Our New Bishop: Bishop Tracy S. Malone|url=https://www.inumc.org/2024/07/13/meet-our-new-bishop-bishop-tracy-s-malone/|work=INUMC|date=2024-07-13|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US|author=Elyse Garverick}}</ref> Baada ya kuondoka kwa kiongozi wa muda mrefu wa shule ya awali katika kanisa moja lililokuwa chini ya Mkutano wa Mashariki mwa Ohio, Malone alisema kuwa hawasimamii shughuli za makanisa kwa kuingilia kila jambo, na kwamba kila kanisa la eneo pamoja na mchungaji na viongozi wake lina mamlaka ya kuamua rasilimali litakazotumia. Katika Mkutano wa Mwaka wa 2022, Malone alitetea kuchukuliwa kwa hatua za kisheria za kukabiliana na unyanyasaji wa kutumia [[bunduki]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=United Methodist walk in Akron takes aim at violence, encourages action on gun laws|url=https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/news/2022/06/09/united-methodist-walk-akron-targets-violence-urges-action-guns-uvalde-shootings-family-faith-church/10001191002/|work=Akron Beacon Journal|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US|author=Alan Ashworth}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu]] ryzbqni4evpxwu3as69bj30sdqs81p0 1589722 1589686 2026-08-21T00:31:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tracy Smith Malone''' ni askofu wa Kimarekani katika [[Kanisa]] la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Tangu mwaka 2024, amekuwa [[rais]] wa Baraza la Maaskofu wa Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mweusi kushika nafasi ya urais wa Baraza la Maaskofu katika Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Tangu mwaka 2024, Malone amehudumu kama [[Askofu]] wa Eneo la Kiaskofu la Indiana la Kanisa la Kimethodisti la Umoja. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Askofu wa Eneo la Kiaskofu la Mashariki mwa Ohio kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meet Our New Bishop: Bishop Tracy S. Malone|url=https://www.inumc.org/2024/07/13/meet-our-new-bishop-bishop-tracy-s-malone/|work=INUMC|date=2024-07-13|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US|author=Elyse Garverick}}</ref> Baada ya kuondoka kwa kiongozi wa muda mrefu wa shule ya awali katika kanisa moja lililokuwa chini ya Mkutano wa Mashariki mwa Ohio, Malone alisema kuwa hawasimamii shughuli za makanisa kwa kuingilia kila jambo, na kwamba kila kanisa la eneo pamoja na mchungaji na viongozi wake lina mamlaka ya kuamua rasilimali litakazotumia. Katika Mkutano wa Mwaka wa 2022, Malone alitetea kuchukuliwa kwa hatua za kisheria za kukabiliana na unyanyasaji wa kutumia [[bunduki]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=United Methodist walk in Akron takes aim at violence, encourages action on gun laws|url=https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/news/2022/06/09/united-methodist-walk-akron-targets-violence-urges-action-guns-uvalde-shootings-family-faith-church/10001191002/|work=Akron Beacon Journal|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US|author=Alan Ashworth}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu]] g25xep8ze2t01n2fck8z6wk7hxh05tm 0 246122 1589689 2026-08-20T19:18:24Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''BYD Racco''' (Kijapani: BYDラッコ, *BYD Rakko*; maana yake '''otter wa baharini''') ni [[gari la umeme]] la aina ya [[kei car]] linalotumia betri pekee. Linatengenezwa na [[BYD Auto]] kwa ajili ya soko la Japani na lilianza kutengenezwa nchini China kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa kwenda Japani mwaka 2026. Racco ni jaribio la BYD kuingia katika soko la magari ya aina ya ''kei car'' nchini Japani. Pia ni miongoni mwa magari ya kwanza ya aina hii kutengenez...' 1589689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BYD Racco''' (Kijapani: BYDラッコ, *BYD Rakko*; maana yake '''otter wa baharini''') ni [[gari la umeme]] la aina ya [[kei car]] linalotumia betri pekee. Linatengenezwa na [[BYD Auto]] kwa ajili ya soko la Japani na lilianza kutengenezwa nchini China kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa kwenda Japani mwaka 2026. Racco ni jaribio la BYD kuingia katika soko la magari ya aina ya ''kei car'' nchini Japani. Pia ni miongoni mwa magari ya kwanza ya aina hii kutengenezwa na kampuni isiyo ya Kijapani mahsusi kwa kuzingatia viwango vya ''kei car''. Gari hilo lilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Japan Mobility Show]] ya mwaka 2025. Muundo wake una paa refu na milango ya kuteleza, ukiwa na mpangilio unaofanana na magari mengine ya aina hiyo kama [[Honda N-Box]], [[Daihatsu Tanto]] na [[Nissan Roox]]. Kwa kuwa ni gari la umeme, BYD Racco linashindana katika soko la magari ya umeme ya aina ya ''kei car'' pamoja na [[Honda N-One e]], [[Mitsubishi eK X EV]] na [[Nissan Sakura]]. [[Jamii:Magari ya BYD]] [[Jamii:Magari ya umeme]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kei]] 554jj0pkmc97bdeh0hcrvuxeejljvyo 0 246123 1589690 2026-08-20T19:20:51Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chana CM7''' ilijengwa kwenye jukwaa jipya kabisa wakati ilipoanzishwa. Gari hili lilitumia injini za lita 1.0 na 1.3 zilizotokana na teknolojia ya Suzuki, zikiwa na uwezo wa kuzalisha nguvu za kW 39 na kW 60 mtawalia. Pia, mfumo wa kiyoyozi ulikuwa miongoni mwa vifaa vya kawaida vya gari hilo. Uzalishaji wa gari dogo la mizigo la China CM7 ulianza Januari 2004. [[Jamii:Magari ya Chana]] [[Jamii:Magari madogo]] [[Jamii:Magari ya mizigo]]' 1589690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chana CM7''' ilijengwa kwenye jukwaa jipya kabisa wakati ilipoanzishwa. Gari hili lilitumia injini za lita 1.0 na 1.3 zilizotokana na teknolojia ya Suzuki, zikiwa na uwezo wa kuzalisha nguvu za kW 39 na kW 60 mtawalia. Pia, mfumo wa kiyoyozi ulikuwa miongoni mwa vifaa vya kawaida vya gari hilo. Uzalishaji wa gari dogo la mizigo la China CM7 ulianza Januari 2004. [[Jamii:Magari ya Chana]] [[Jamii:Magari madogo]] [[Jamii:Magari ya mizigo]] 4rodfcsbz8vxmnurzomqtv0yw0fad21 0 246124 1589691 2026-08-20T19:22:39Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kathryn Elizabeth Wimp''', anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Kay Davis (Desemba 5, 1920 – Januari 27, 2012), alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa jazba wa [[Marekani]] aliyewahi kutumbuiza pamoja na bendi ya Duke Ellington. == Maisha ya awali == Kay Davis alizaliwa kwa jina Kathryn Elizabeth Wimp huko Evanston, Illinois. Alihudhuria [[Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Alliance|Shule]] ya Upili ya Evanston Township. Alisomea uimbaji na upigaji piano katika Chuo...' 1589691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathryn Elizabeth Wimp''', anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Kay Davis (Desemba 5, 1920 – Januari 27, 2012), alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa jazba wa [[Marekani]] aliyewahi kutumbuiza pamoja na bendi ya Duke Ellington. == Maisha ya awali == Kay Davis alizaliwa kwa jina Kathryn Elizabeth Wimp huko Evanston, Illinois. Alihudhuria [[Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Alliance|Shule]] ya Upili ya Evanston Township. Alisomea uimbaji na upigaji piano katika Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern, ambako alipata shahada yake ya kwanza mwaka 1942 na shahada ya uzamili mwaka 1943.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kay Davis: Singer who worked with Duke Ellington|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/kay-davis-singer-who-worked-with-duke-ellington-7447128.html|work=The Independent|date=2012-02-27|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en}}</ref> Babu yake, William H. Twiggs, alikuwa kiongozi mashuhuri katika shughuli za kiraia. Bustani moja huko Evanston iliitwa kwa [[heshima]] yake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=https://bandchirps.com/|url=https://bandchirps.com/|work=BandChirps|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] dojk0v7d4optln5d2dzgayldzlgea3e 1589704 1589691 2026-08-20T20:37:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathryn Elizabeth Wimp''', anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Kay Davis (Desemba 5, 1920 – Januari 27, 2012), alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa jazba wa [[Marekani]] aliyewahi kutumbuiza pamoja na bendi ya Duke Ellington. == Maisha ya awali == Kay Davis alizaliwa kwa jina Kathryn Elizabeth Wimp huko Evanston, Illinois. Alihudhuria [[Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Alliance|Shule]] ya Upili ya Evanston Township. Alisomea uimbaji na upigaji piano katika Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern, ambako alipata shahada yake ya kwanza mwaka 1942 na shahada ya uzamili mwaka 1943.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kay Davis: Singer who worked with Duke Ellington|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/kay-davis-singer-who-worked-with-duke-ellington-7447128.html|work=The Independent|date=2012-02-27|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en}}</ref> Babu yake, William H. Twiggs, alikuwa kiongozi mashuhuri katika shughuli za kiraia. Bustani moja huko Evanston iliitwa kwa [[heshima]] yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=https://bandchirps.com/|url=https://bandchirps.com/|work=BandChirps|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 8f97kmig6hnvqo2eshzdwtxgo2xc8n8 0 246125 1589692 2026-08-20T19:26:25Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chana Star''' au '''Changan Star''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Kaicene Star''' (Kichina: 长安之星), ni mfululizo wa [[malori]] na [[microvan|vani ndogo]] zilizotengenezwa na kuuzwa na [[Changan Automobile]] chini ya chapa ya Chana tangu mwaka 1999. Baadaye, mfululizo wa Changan Star uliwekwa chini ya chapa ndogo ya Kaicene inayomilikiwa na Changan Automobile. Chana Star ilianza kama malori ya [[Suzuki Carry]] ya kizazi cha kumi na vani za...' 1589692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chana Star''' au '''Changan Star''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Kaicene Star''' (Kichina: 长安之星), ni mfululizo wa [[malori]] na [[microvan|vani ndogo]] zilizotengenezwa na kuuzwa na [[Changan Automobile]] chini ya chapa ya Chana tangu mwaka 1999. Baadaye, mfululizo wa Changan Star uliwekwa chini ya chapa ndogo ya Kaicene inayomilikiwa na Changan Automobile. Chana Star ilianza kama malori ya [[Suzuki Carry]] ya kizazi cha kumi na vani za [[Suzuki Every]] zilizobadilishwa chapa na kuuzwa chini ya jina la Changan. [[Changan Automobile]] ilitoa matoleo yenye miundo mbalimbali ya karoseri. Baadaye, modeli hii ilipanuliwa na kuwa mfululizo wa bidhaa uliokuwa na modeli kadhaa. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Changan]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Chana]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Kaicene]] [[Jamii:Microvan]] [[Jamii:Malori]] dovcs4d6qk4is2tsy5gd6fusg9zax9x 0 246126 1589693 2026-08-20T19:27:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adegoke Fadare''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kanada ambaye alichaguliwa katika [[Bunge]] la Nova Scotia katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 2024, akiwakilisha Clayton Park West kama mwanachama wa Chama cha Wahafidhina Wanaoendelea cha Nova Scotia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nova Scotia election 2024 results: Clayton Park West - Halifax {{!}} Globalnews.ca|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10865502/nova-scotia-election-2024-clayton-park-west/|work=Global News|accessdate=...' 1589693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adegoke Fadare''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kanada ambaye alichaguliwa katika [[Bunge]] la Nova Scotia katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa mwaka 2024, akiwakilisha Clayton Park West kama mwanachama wa Chama cha Wahafidhina Wanaoendelea cha Nova Scotia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nova Scotia election 2024 results: Clayton Park West - Halifax {{!}} Globalnews.ca|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10865502/nova-scotia-election-2024-clayton-park-west/|work=Global News|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Fadare ni rais wa zamani wa Jumuiya ya Wanigeria huko Nova Scotia. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] hbme8iqbsv70p7uw9zk9kfmw8jse310 0 246127 1589694 2026-08-20T19:33:32Z Bigvai Muhoti 57103 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chana Star 9''' (Kichina: 长安之星9) ni vani ndogo inayotengenezwa na [[Changan Automobile]] chini ya chapa ndogo ya Chana. == Muhtasari == Hapo awali gari hili liliitwa '''Chana Star 4500''' (Kichina: 长安星光4500). Baada ya kufanyiwa maboresho ya muonekano mwaka 2014, lilipewa jina jipya la '''Chana Star 9''' na kuingizwa katika mfululizo wa magari ya Chana Star. Chana Star 4500 ya awali ilizinduliwa na [[Changan Automobile]] mwaka 2013. Ch...' 1589694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chana Star 9''' (Kichina: 长安之星9) ni vani ndogo inayotengenezwa na [[Changan Automobile]] chini ya chapa ndogo ya Chana. == Muhtasari == Hapo awali gari hili liliitwa '''Chana Star 4500''' (Kichina: 长安星光4500). Baada ya kufanyiwa maboresho ya muonekano mwaka 2014, lilipewa jina jipya la '''Chana Star 9''' na kuingizwa katika mfululizo wa magari ya Chana Star. Chana Star 4500 ya awali ilizinduliwa na [[Changan Automobile]] mwaka 2013. Chana Star 9 inaendeshwa na injini ya lita 1.5, wakati Chana Star 4500 ya awali ilikuwa na injini ya lita 1.3. Bei ya Chana Star 4500 ilikuwa kati ya yuan 50,900 na yuan 58,800, wakati Chana Star 9 iliuzwa kwa bei ya kati ya yuan 47,800 na yuan 56,000. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Changan]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Chana]] [[Jamii:Microvan]] pir4kb2wgxe7q7cxva6y94v2ucmewpe 0 246128 1589729 2026-08-21T02:22:56Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daphne Mary Lamothe''' ni msomi na msimamizi wa [[taaluma]] kutoka Marekani, pamoja na kuwa [[profesa]] wa masomo ya Kiafrikana. Yeye ni mkuu wa masomo na mkuu wa kitivo katika Chuo cha Smith. == Maisha == Lamothe alipata shahada ya kwanza katika Kiingereza kutoka [[Chuo]] cha Yale. Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika Kiingereza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Daphne Lamothe Promoted to Provost of Smith College in...' 1589729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daphne Mary Lamothe''' ni msomi na msimamizi wa [[taaluma]] kutoka Marekani, pamoja na kuwa [[profesa]] wa masomo ya Kiafrikana. Yeye ni mkuu wa masomo na mkuu wa kitivo katika Chuo cha Smith. == Maisha == Lamothe alipata shahada ya kwanza katika Kiingereza kutoka [[Chuo]] cha Yale. Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika Kiingereza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Daphne Lamothe Promoted to Provost of Smith College in Massachusetts|url=https://jbhe.com/2024/05/daphne-lamothe-promoted-to-provost-of-smith-college/|work=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|date=2024-05-13|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Associate Editor}}</ref>Berkeley. Mwaka 2004, Lamothe alijiunga na kitivo cha Chuo cha Smith. Yeye ni profesa wa masomo ya Kiafrikana na hufanya utafiti kuhusu Mwamko wa Harlem, Uhamaji Mkuu, muziki wa Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika, na [[fasihi]] ya Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika. Mnamo Mei 2024, aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu mpya wa masomo na mkuu wa kitivo, na alianza rasmi katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 1 Julai 2024. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasomi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] bartsdk584q5tq9nnlx0lvevi2r4pzb 1589782 1589729 2026-08-21T07:01:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daphne Mary Lamothe''' ni msomi na msimamizi wa [[taaluma]] kutoka Marekani, pamoja na kuwa [[profesa]] wa masomo ya Kiafrikana. Yeye ni mkuu wa masomo na mkuu wa kitivo katika Chuo cha Smith. == Maisha == Lamothe alipata shahada ya kwanza katika Kiingereza kutoka [[Chuo]] cha Yale. Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika Kiingereza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daphne Lamothe Promoted to Provost of Smith College in Massachusetts|url=https://jbhe.com/2024/05/daphne-lamothe-promoted-to-provost-of-smith-college/|work=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|date=2024-05-13|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Associate Editor}}</ref>Berkeley. Mwaka 2004, Lamothe alijiunga na kitivo cha Chuo cha Smith. Yeye ni profesa wa masomo ya Kiafrikana na hufanya utafiti kuhusu Mwamko wa Harlem, Uhamaji Mkuu, muziki wa Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika, na [[fasihi]] ya Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika. Mnamo Mei 2024, aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu mpya wa masomo na mkuu wa kitivo, na alianza rasmi katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 1 Julai 2024. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasomi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] odab7kx4nrwqiklffgn2iyscaqq4u4i 0 246129 1589730 2026-08-21T02:26:19Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aida Ward''' (11 Februari 1900 – 23 Juni 1984<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgIYlUbaoAoC|title=Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance: K-Y|last=Wintz|first=Cary D.|last2=Finkelman|first2=Paul|date=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-458-0|language=en}}</ref>) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[muziki]] wa jazi kutoka Marekani. Alizaliwa Washington, D.C., na alipata umaarufu katika miaka ya 1920 na 1930 huko New York, akitumbuiz...' 1589730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aida Ward''' (11 Februari 1900 – 23 Juni 1984<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgIYlUbaoAoC|title=Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance: K-Y|last=Wintz|first=Cary D.|last2=Finkelman|first2=Paul|date=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-458-0|language=en}}</ref>) alikuwa mwimbaji wa [[muziki]] wa jazi kutoka Marekani. Alizaliwa Washington, D.C., na alipata umaarufu katika miaka ya 1920 na 1930 huko New York, akitumbuiza kwenye Broadway na katika Cotton Club ya Harlem. Alitokea pamoja na Adelaide Hall na Bill "Bojangles" Robinson katika onyesho maarufu la muziki la Broadway ''Blackbirds of 1928''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blackbirds of 1928 Inside The Playbill on Broadway - Information, Cast, Crew, Synopsis and Photos - Playbill Vault|url=http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/Whos_who/6579/51298/Blackbirds-of-1928|work=www.playbillvault.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Katika miaka yote ya 1930, Ward alitumbuiza mara kwa mara katika Cotton Club, akifanya kazi pamoja na [[wanamuziki]] Duke Ellington na Cab Calloway. Alihusishwa na kutambulishwa kwa nyimbo "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" na "I've Got the World on a String" katika Cotton Club mwaka 1931–1932. Pia alitumbuiza katika [[Ukumbi]] wa Apollo huko Harlem. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1900]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 33fsj50ksmhtu7ijce7n8ctkguzf70d 0 246130 1589731 2026-08-21T02:29:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Debra Jean Entenman''' (née Rivers,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Debra J. Entenman (1961- )|url=https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/debra-j-entenman-1961/|work=BlackPast.org|date=2019-05-30|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Cassie Selle}}</ref> alizaliwa Novemba 27, 1961) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Washington]], akiwakilisha wilaya ya 47 katika Kaunti ya King. == Maisha ya awali na kazi ==...' 1589731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Debra Jean Entenman''' (née Rivers,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Debra J. Entenman (1961- )|url=https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/debra-j-entenman-1961/|work=BlackPast.org|date=2019-05-30|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Cassie Selle}}</ref> alizaliwa Novemba 27, 1961) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Washington]], akiwakilisha wilaya ya 47 katika Kaunti ya King. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Entenman alipata shahada ya AA kutoka Chuo cha Highline Community mwaka 2001. Mwaka 2003, alipata shahada ya BA katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Seattle. Alifanya kazi katika Children’s Alliance na pia alifanya kazi kwa [[Mbunge]] wa Marekani Adam Smith kwa miaka 12, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuhudumu kama [[mkurugenzi]] wake wa wilaya. Mwaka 2015, Gavana wa Washington Jay Inslee alimteua Entenman kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wadhamini ya Chuo cha Ufundi cha Renton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Entenman to run for District 47 State House position|url=https://www.kentreporter.com/2018/05/04/entenman-to-run-for-district-47-state-house-position/|work=Kent Reporter|date=2018-05-04|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=Wire Service}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] d1xq6zz9wu25pb0qh90jvflbq5lvt7d 1589784 1589731 2026-08-21T07:04:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Debra Jean Entenman''' (née Rivers,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Debra J. Entenman (1961- )|url=https://blackpast.org/african-american-history/debra-j-entenman-1961/|work=BlackPast.org|date=2019-05-30|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Cassie Selle}}</ref> alizaliwa Novemba 27, 1961) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Washington]], akiwakilisha wilaya ya 47 katika Kaunti ya King. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Entenman alipata shahada ya AA kutoka Chuo cha Highline Community mwaka 2001. Mwaka 2003, alipata shahada ya BA katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Seattle. Alifanya kazi katika Children’s Alliance na pia alifanya kazi kwa [[Mbunge]] wa Marekani Adam Smith kwa miaka 12, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuhudumu kama [[mkurugenzi]] wake wa wilaya. Mwaka 2015, Gavana wa Washington Jay Inslee alimteua Entenman kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wadhamini ya Chuo cha Ufundi cha Renton.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Entenman to run for District 47 State House position|url=https://www.kentreporter.com/2018/05/04/entenman-to-run-for-district-47-state-house-position/|work=Kent Reporter|date=2018-05-04|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=Wire Service}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 5jgaryf1p45i45f4cwqzjzwa2n5qd38 0 246131 1589732 2026-08-21T02:34:24Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daisy Martin''' (alikuwa hai takribani 1914–1925) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa bluuzi kutoka Marekani, akijulikana kwa mtindo wa bluuzi wa wanawake wa jadi. Alifanya ziara katika maeneo ya mashariki na katikati ya magharibi mwa Marekani kupitia maonyesho ya vaudeville ya Waamerika Weusi katika miaka ya 1910 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1920. Mwaka 1914, alitokea katika onyesho la ''My Friend from Kentucky'' katika Ukumbi wa National huko Chicago...' 1589732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daisy Martin''' (alikuwa hai takribani 1914–1925) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa bluuzi kutoka Marekani, akijulikana kwa mtindo wa bluuzi wa wanawake wa jadi. Alifanya ziara katika maeneo ya mashariki na katikati ya magharibi mwa Marekani kupitia maonyesho ya vaudeville ya Waamerika Weusi katika miaka ya 1910 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1920. Mwaka 1914, alitokea katika onyesho la ''My Friend from Kentucky'' katika Ukumbi wa National huko Chicago, Illinois.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daisy Martin — Biography, Discography, Albums & Expert Reviews|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/daisy-martin-mn0001818426|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1917, alitumbuiza katika vichekesho vya muziki ''My People'', vilivyowashirikisha pia Sam Gray na Julia Moody. Mwaka 1920, alitokea katika [[Ukumbi]] wa Strand huko Chicago katika onyesho la ''Hello 1919''. Martin alikuwa miongoni mwa [[wanawake]] wa kwanza Weusi kurekodi nyimbo za bluuzi. Mwezi Aprili 1921, alirekodi nyimbo kwa kampuni za kurekodi za Gennett na Okeh. Katika rekodi zake za kwanza, ''Royal Garden Blues'' na ''Spread Yo' Stuff'', aliandamana na kundi la Five Jazz Bell Hops, ambao utambulisho wa wanachama wake haujulikani. Kikao chake cha mwisho cha kurekodi kilifanyika mwezi Julai 1923. Kwa jumla, alirekodi nyimbo 16.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ma Rainey and the classic blues singers {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/250212516|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] de65hu1omsa0c4da75uzfxp8lqmkqbs 1589779 1589732 2026-08-21T06:59:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daisy Martin''' (alikuwa hai takribani 1914–1925) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa bluuzi kutoka Marekani, akijulikana kwa mtindo wa bluuzi wa wanawake wa jadi. Alifanya ziara katika maeneo ya mashariki na katikati ya magharibi mwa Marekani kupitia maonyesho ya vaudeville ya Waamerika Weusi katika miaka ya 1910 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1920. Mwaka 1914, alitokea katika onyesho la ''My Friend from Kentucky'' katika Ukumbi wa National huko Chicago, Illinois.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Daisy Martin — Biography, Discography, Albums & Expert Reviews|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/daisy-martin-mn0001818426|work=AllMusic|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1917, alitumbuiza katika vichekesho vya muziki ''My People'', vilivyowashirikisha pia Sam Gray na Julia Moody. Mwaka 1920, alitokea katika [[Ukumbi]] wa Strand huko Chicago katika onyesho la ''Hello 1919''. Martin alikuwa miongoni mwa [[wanawake]] wa kwanza Weusi kurekodi nyimbo za bluuzi. Mwezi Aprili 1921, alirekodi nyimbo kwa kampuni za kurekodi za Gennett na Okeh. Katika rekodi zake za kwanza, ''Royal Garden Blues'' na ''Spread Yo' Stuff'', aliandamana na kundi la Five Jazz Bell Hops, ambao utambulisho wa wanachama wake haujulikani. Kikao chake cha mwisho cha kurekodi kilifanyika mwezi Julai 1923. Kwa jumla, alirekodi nyimbo 16.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ma Rainey and the classic blues singers {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/250212516|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] tgc481jpkef6zs5rzsly7qiw0zeroq9 0 246132 1589734 2026-08-21T02:38:11Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Xaviera Gold''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa kike wa Marekani mwenye asili ya Afrika anayejulikana kwa kuimba [[muziki]] wa dansi. Pia aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji na mchanganyaji wa muziki katika kituo cha redio cha WBMX-FM huko Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xaviera Gold|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/33184-Xaviera-Gold|work=Discogs|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1987, alipata umaarufu kupitia [[wimbo]] "You Used to Hold Me" aliouimba pamoja na...' 1589734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xaviera Gold''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa kike wa Marekani mwenye asili ya Afrika anayejulikana kwa kuimba [[muziki]] wa dansi. Pia aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji na mchanganyaji wa muziki katika kituo cha redio cha WBMX-FM huko Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Xaviera Gold|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/33184-Xaviera-Gold|work=Discogs|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1987, alipata umaarufu kupitia [[wimbo]] "You Used to Hold Me" aliouimba pamoja na Ralphi Rosario, akitumia jina Xavier Gold. Mwaka 1993, akiwa pamoja na kundi la Masters At Work, alifikia nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya muziki wa dansi ya Marekani kwa wimbo "Gonna Get Back to You".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cygEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Xaviera+Gold%22&pg=PA33|title=Billboard|last=Inc|first=Nielsen Business Media|date=1993-05-22|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1994, alipata wimbo mwingine ulioingia katika nafasi kumi bora za chati ya muziki wa dansi akiwa mwimbaji msaidizi katika wimbo "You Used to Hold Me '94" wa Ralphi Rosario. Baadaye mwaka huo, wimbo "Good Luv" ulifanikiwa kuingia katika nafasi 30 bora za chati ya muziki wa dansi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 9rwmpjgtjvkjogxsazdfqx3b1q4lnvt 1589794 1589734 2026-08-21T07:35:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xaviera Gold''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa kike wa Marekani mwenye asili ya Afrika anayejulikana kwa kuimba [[muziki]] wa dansi. Pia aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji na mchanganyaji wa muziki katika kituo cha redio cha WBMX-FM huko Chicago.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Xaviera Gold|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/33184-Xaviera-Gold|work=Discogs|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1987, alipata umaarufu kupitia [[wimbo]] "You Used to Hold Me" aliouimba pamoja na Ralphi Rosario, akitumia jina Xavier Gold. Mwaka 1993, akiwa pamoja na kundi la Masters At Work, alifikia nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya muziki wa dansi ya Marekani kwa wimbo "Gonna Get Back to You".<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cygEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Xaviera+Gold%22&pg=PA33|title=Billboard|last=Inc|first=Nielsen Business Media|date=1993-05-22|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 1994, alipata wimbo mwingine ulioingia katika nafasi kumi bora za chati ya muziki wa dansi akiwa mwimbaji msaidizi katika wimbo "You Used to Hold Me '94" wa Ralphi Rosario. Baadaye mwaka huo, wimbo "Good Luv" ulifanikiwa kuingia katika nafasi 30 bora za chati ya muziki wa dansi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] tv4pny0uvmql1m980i282k2anyj8qq6 0 246133 1589736 2026-08-21T02:43:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Melissa "M'Lis" Ward''' ni [[rubani]] wa shirika la ndege la United Airlines. Kulingana na [[jarida]] la ''Ebony'', alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuwa nahodha katika usafiri wa kibiashara wa abiria.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XtYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=2000-02|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Mama yake, Anne B. Ward, alikuwa miongoni mwa...' 1589736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa "M'Lis" Ward''' ni [[rubani]] wa shirika la ndege la United Airlines. Kulingana na [[jarida]] la ''Ebony'', alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuwa nahodha katika usafiri wa kibiashara wa abiria.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XtYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=2000-02|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Mama yake, Anne B. Ward, alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wawili wa kwanza Weusi kuhitimu katika Shule ya Tiba ya Pritzker. Ward alilelewa eneo la South Side huko Chicago na alihudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Whitney Young. Alipata ufadhili wa masomo kupitia Kikosi cha Mafunzo ya Maafisa wa Akiba cha Jeshi la Anga na kupata shahada ya sayansi kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya Marshall katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California. Baadaye alijiunga na Jeshi la [[Anga]] la Marekani, ambako alikuwa [[mwalimu]] wa marubani wa ndege aina ya T-37 na rubani wa kwanza wa ndege aina ya C-141. Mnamo Novemba 1992, alijiunga na United Airlines huko Chicago akiwa afisa wa pili wa ndege aina ya DC-10. Baada ya miezi tisa, alipandishwa cheo kuwa afisa wa kwanza wa ndege aina ya Boeing 737-200, akifanya safari kutoka San Francisco. Mnamo Juni 1995, alianza kuendesha ndege aina ya Boeing 727 kutoka Denver. Mwaka 1998, M'Lis alipandishwa cheo kuwa [[nahodha]] wa Boeing 737-300, na mwaka 2010 akaanza kuwa nahodha wa ndege aina ya Airbus A319 na A320. Pia alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuwa mkaguzi na mwakilishi wa Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga ya Marekani kwa United Airlines. Baadaye, alifundisha na kuwa kocha wa mpira wa kikapu katika Shule ya Upili ya Dakota Ridge huko Littleton, Colorado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MELISSA WARD - #USCBHM: Black History Month at USC Athletics|url=https://www.uscbhm.com/melissa-ward|work=www.uscbhm.com|date=2015-02-12|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=USC Athletics Black History Month}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Marubani]] 8qsxuvuftnqdu69wrreu9b3t8flwzv9 1589752 1589736 2026-08-21T04:12:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa "M'Lis" Ward''' ni [[rubani]] wa shirika la ndege la United Airlines. Kulingana na [[jarida]] la ''Ebony'', alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuwa nahodha katika usafiri wa kibiashara wa abiria.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XtYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14|title=Ebony|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=2000-02|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}}</ref> Mama yake, Anne B. Ward, alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wawili wa kwanza Weusi kuhitimu katika Shule ya Tiba ya Pritzker. Ward alilelewa eneo la South Side huko Chicago na alihudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Whitney Young. Alipata ufadhili wa masomo kupitia Kikosi cha Mafunzo ya Maafisa wa Akiba cha Jeshi la Anga na kupata shahada ya sayansi kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya Marshall katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California. Baadaye alijiunga na Jeshi la [[Anga]] la Marekani, ambako alikuwa [[mwalimu]] wa marubani wa ndege aina ya T-37 na rubani wa kwanza wa ndege aina ya C-141. Mnamo Novemba 1992, alijiunga na United Airlines huko Chicago akiwa afisa wa pili wa ndege aina ya DC-10. Baada ya miezi tisa, alipandishwa cheo kuwa afisa wa kwanza wa ndege aina ya Boeing 737-200, akifanya safari kutoka San Francisco. Mnamo Juni 1995, alianza kuendesha ndege aina ya Boeing 727 kutoka Denver. Mwaka 1998, M'Lis alipandishwa cheo kuwa [[nahodha]] wa Boeing 737-300, na mwaka 2010 akaanza kuwa nahodha wa ndege aina ya Airbus A319 na A320. Pia alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuwa mkaguzi na mwakilishi wa Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga ya Marekani kwa United Airlines. Baadaye, alifundisha na kuwa kocha wa mpira wa kikapu katika Shule ya Upili ya Dakota Ridge huko Littleton, Colorado.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MELISSA WARD - #USCBHM: Black History Month at USC Athletics|url=https://www.uscbhm.com/melissa-ward|work=www.uscbhm.com|date=2015-02-12|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=USC Athletics Black History Month}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Marubani]] sbznucst2pq7w7dhgpgw1us8z3g2q63 0 246134 1589737 2026-08-21T02:51:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carmen E. Turner''' (1931 – Aprili 9, 1992) alikuwa msimamizi wa Marekani aliyewahi kuwa Naibu Katibu wa [[Taasisi]] ya Smithsonian na Meneja Mkuu wa Mamlaka ya [[Usafiri]] wa Eneo la Metropolitan la Washington (Metro). Turner alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuongoza shirika kubwa la usafiri wa umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Transportation - Administration|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/wit/admin.htm|work=www.fhwa.dot.gov|accessdate=...' 1589737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmen E. Turner''' (1931 – Aprili 9, 1992) alikuwa msimamizi wa Marekani aliyewahi kuwa Naibu Katibu wa [[Taasisi]] ya Smithsonian na Meneja Mkuu wa Mamlaka ya [[Usafiri]] wa Eneo la Metropolitan la Washington (Metro). Turner alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuongoza shirika kubwa la usafiri wa umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Transportation - Administration|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/wit/admin.htm|work=www.fhwa.dot.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Wasifu == Turner alizaliwa Teaneck, New Jersey, akiwa binti wa Carmen Pawley na James Pawley. Alikulia Washington, D.C. Mwaka 1968, alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Howard. Baadaye, mwaka 1972, alipata [[shahada]] ya uzamili katika utawala wa [[umma]] na sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] hu0jzkb75fzkosslev0pouscjzkyehf 1589738 1589737 2026-08-21T02:52:07Z Don Malya 61486 1589738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmen E. Turner''' (1931 – Aprili 9, 1992) alikuwa msimamizi wa Marekani aliyewahi kuwa Naibu Katibu wa [[Taasisi]] ya Smithsonian na Meneja Mkuu wa Mamlaka ya [[Usafiri]] wa Eneo la Metropolitan la Washington (Metro). Turner alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuongoza shirika kubwa la usafiri wa umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Transportation - Administration|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/wit/admin.htm|work=www.fhwa.dot.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Wasifu == Turner alizaliwa Teaneck, New Jersey, akiwa binti wa Carmen Pawley na James Pawley. Alikulia Washington, D.C. Mwaka 1968, alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Howard. Baadaye, mwaka 1972, alipata [[shahada]] ya uzamili katika utawala wa [[umma]] na [[sayansi]] ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] d6dzup6asqca7zfvsmrep4xmhewrcv1 1589739 1589738 2026-08-21T02:58:10Z Don Malya 61486 1589739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmen E. Turner''' (1931 – Aprili 9, 1992) alikuwa msimamizi wa Marekani aliyewahi kuwa Naibu Katibu wa [[Taasisi]] ya Smithsonian na Meneja Mkuu wa Mamlaka ya [[Usafiri]] wa Eneo la Metropolitan la Washington (Metro). Turner alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuongoza [[shirika]] kubwa la usafiri wa umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Transportation - Administration|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/wit/admin.htm|work=www.fhwa.dot.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Wasifu == Turner alizaliwa Teaneck, New Jersey, akiwa binti wa Carmen Pawley na James Pawley. Alikulia Washington, D.C. Mwaka 1968, alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Howard. Baadaye, mwaka 1972, alipata [[shahada]] ya uzamili katika utawala wa [[umma]] na [[sayansi]] ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] opwbujizd4t610ay1kfws9m4b5jdme9 0 246135 1589740 2026-08-21T03:02:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brenda Gilmore''' (alizaliwa Desemba 9, 1952) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa Seneti ya Tennessee, akiwakilisha wilaya ya 19 kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators - Tennessee General Assembly|url=https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/LegislatorInfo/Member?district=s19|work=wapp.capitol.tn.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Elimu na kazi zisizo za kisiasa == Brenda Gilmore ali...' 1589740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda Gilmore''' (alizaliwa Desemba 9, 1952) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa Seneti ya Tennessee, akiwakilisha wilaya ya 19 kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators - Tennessee General Assembly|url=https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/LegislatorInfo/Member?district=s19|work=wapp.capitol.tn.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Elimu na kazi zisizo za kisiasa == Brenda Gilmore alipata shahada ya Sayansi ya Biashara kutoka [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Jimbo la Tennessee mwaka 1984. Mwaka 1988, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika Maendeleo ya Rasilimali Watu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt. Pia amehitimu katika [[Taasisi]] ya Watendaji wa Serikali ya Tennessee, Jukwaa la Maendeleo ya [[Uongozi]] la Vanderbilt, na mpango wa Leadership Nashville. Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1987, alifanya kazi katika Idara ya Huduma za Jumla ya Tennessee. Pia ni Mkurugenzi wa Huduma za Barua katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt na amewahi kuwa mkurugenzi wa Huduma za [[Posta]] za Jimbo. Katika shughuli za kijamii na kidini, Gilmore amewahi kuwa karani na katibu wa Kanisa la Fairfield Baptist, pamoja na kuwa mwalimu wa shule ya Jumapili. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 87j0vih5iqblr4dtvgcgwlxhi9vi848 1589741 1589740 2026-08-21T03:02:52Z Don Malya 61486 Don Malya alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gilmore]] hadi [[Brenda Gilmore]] 1589740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda Gilmore''' (alizaliwa Desemba 9, 1952) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia aliyewahi kuwa mjumbe wa Seneti ya Tennessee, akiwakilisha wilaya ya 19 kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senators - Tennessee General Assembly|url=https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/LegislatorInfo/Member?district=s19|work=wapp.capitol.tn.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Elimu na kazi zisizo za kisiasa == Brenda Gilmore alipata shahada ya Sayansi ya Biashara kutoka [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Jimbo la Tennessee mwaka 1984. Mwaka 1988, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika Maendeleo ya Rasilimali Watu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt. Pia amehitimu katika [[Taasisi]] ya Watendaji wa Serikali ya Tennessee, Jukwaa la Maendeleo ya [[Uongozi]] la Vanderbilt, na mpango wa Leadership Nashville. Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1987, alifanya kazi katika Idara ya Huduma za Jumla ya Tennessee. Pia ni Mkurugenzi wa Huduma za Barua katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt na amewahi kuwa mkurugenzi wa Huduma za [[Posta]] za Jimbo. Katika shughuli za kijamii na kidini, Gilmore amewahi kuwa karani na katibu wa Kanisa la Fairfield Baptist, pamoja na kuwa mwalimu wa shule ya Jumapili. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 87j0vih5iqblr4dtvgcgwlxhi9vi848 0 246136 1589742 2026-08-21T03:02:52Z Don Malya 61486 Don Malya alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Gilmore]] hadi [[Brenda Gilmore]] 1589742 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Brenda Gilmore]] ipz3jnr5aeoggpnvz9zf5jtehub5zlj 0 246137 1589744 2026-08-21T03:05:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aya Osman''' ni msomi wa Kisudan na Kimarekani, [[profesa]] msaidizi na mtafiti mkuu wa [[Maabara]] ya Osman katika Chuo Kikuu cha Albany, Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la New York. Kabla ya kuanzisha maabara yake ya utafiti, alikuwa mtafiti wa baada ya [[uzamivu]] na baadaye profesa msaidizi katika Shule ya Tiba ya Icahn jijini New York, ambako alifanya kazi katika Idara ya Sayansi ya Mfumo wa Neva. Pia ni mwanamitindo wa mavazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Striking...' 1589744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aya Osman''' ni msomi wa Kisudan na Kimarekani, [[profesa]] msaidizi na mtafiti mkuu wa [[Maabara]] ya Osman katika Chuo Kikuu cha Albany, Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la New York. Kabla ya kuanzisha maabara yake ya utafiti, alikuwa mtafiti wa baada ya [[uzamivu]] na baadaye profesa msaidizi katika Shule ya Tiba ya Icahn jijini New York, ambako alifanya kazi katika Idara ya Sayansi ya Mfumo wa Neva. Pia ni mwanamitindo wa mavazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Striking a pose with Aya Osman|url=https://www.thetransmitter.org/neurodevelopment/striking-a-pose-with-aya-osman/|work=The Transmitter: Neuroscience News and Perspectives|date=2024-05-31|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 7oo8zrwhxz6qkte6s2p0y2sgs4inpzl 0 246138 1589746 2026-08-21T03:11:03Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sheena Tosta''' (née Johnson; alizaliwa Oktoba 1, 1982) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Marekani anayeshiriki katika [[riadha]], hasa mbio za mita 400 zenye vikwazo. Rekodi yake bora binafsi ni sekunde 52.95, iliyowekwa Julai 2004 huko Sacramento. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2008, Tosta alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za wanawake za mita 400 zenye vikwazo. Medali ya dhahabu ilishindwa na Melaine Walker wa Jamaica. Akiwa anawakilisha timu ya riadha ya U...' 1589746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheena Tosta''' (née Johnson; alizaliwa Oktoba 1, 1982) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Marekani anayeshiriki katika [[riadha]], hasa mbio za mita 400 zenye vikwazo. Rekodi yake bora binafsi ni sekunde 52.95, iliyowekwa Julai 2004 huko Sacramento. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2008, Tosta alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za wanawake za mita 400 zenye vikwazo. Medali ya dhahabu ilishindwa na Melaine Walker wa Jamaica. Akiwa anawakilisha timu ya riadha ya UCLA Bruins, Tosta alishinda mbio za [[mita]] 400 zenye vikwazo katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Nje ya NCAA Daraja la I mwaka 2003 na 2004. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004, alimaliza katika nafasi ya nne. Pia alimaliza wa nane katika [[Fainali]] ya Riadha ya Dunia ya mwaka 2006. Aliiwakilisha Marekani katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha mwaka 2007 na 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=USTFCCCA InfoZone: Meet History by Event ::: USTFCCCA|url=https://www.ustfccca.org/records-lists/meet-history-by-event|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Tosta alizaliwa Camden, New Jersey, na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya Gar-Field huko Woodbridge, Virginia, mwaka 2000. Alikuwa mshiriki wa Kanisa la Baptist la Mount Zion huko Triangle, Virginia. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Marekani]] rigwaq48uppzxlzmjy2mfz12hfsvrq8 1589773 1589746 2026-08-21T06:34:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheena Tosta''' (née Johnson; alizaliwa Oktoba 1, 1982) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Marekani anayeshiriki katika [[riadha]], hasa mbio za mita 400 zenye vikwazo. Rekodi yake bora binafsi ni sekunde 52.95, iliyowekwa Julai 2004 huko Sacramento. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2008, Tosta alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za wanawake za mita 400 zenye vikwazo. Medali ya dhahabu ilishindwa na Melaine Walker wa Jamaica. Akiwa anawakilisha timu ya riadha ya UCLA Bruins, Tosta alishinda mbio za [[mita]] 400 zenye vikwazo katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Nje ya NCAA Daraja la I mwaka 2003 na 2004. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004, alimaliza katika nafasi ya nne. Pia alimaliza wa nane katika [[Fainali]] ya Riadha ya Dunia ya mwaka 2006. Aliiwakilisha Marekani katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha mwaka 2007 na 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=USTFCCCA InfoZone: Meet History by Event ::: USTFCCCA|url=https://www.ustfccca.org/records-lists/meet-history-by-event|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Tosta alizaliwa Camden, New Jersey, na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya Gar-Field huko Woodbridge, Virginia, mwaka 2000. Alikuwa mshiriki wa Kanisa la Baptist la Mount Zion huko Triangle, Virginia. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Marekani]] b2lcmlldx2lwtsmdaq2dot80jvijv2g 0 246139 1589760 2026-08-21T05:20:28Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Dietmar Hopp - 2019103002739 2019-04-12 Radio Regenbogen Award 2019 - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0891 - B70I7089 b.jpg|thumb|Hopp mwaka 2019]] '''Dietmar Hopp''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili 26]], [[1940]]) ni mhandisi wa programu bilionea na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa ''SAP SE'' mwaka [[1972]] pamoja na wengine wa zamani wa IBM: Hans Werner Hector, [[Klaus Tschira]], [[Claus Wellenreuther]] na [[Hasso Plattner]]. Yeye...' 1589760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dietmar Hopp - 2019103002739 2019-04-12 Radio Regenbogen Award 2019 - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0891 - B70I7089 b.jpg|thumb|Hopp mwaka 2019]] '''Dietmar Hopp''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili 26]], [[1940]]) ni mhandisi wa programu bilionea na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa ''SAP SE'' mwaka [[1972]] pamoja na wengine wa zamani wa IBM: Hans Werner Hector, [[Klaus Tschira]], [[Claus Wellenreuther]] na [[Hasso Plattner]]. Yeye pia ni mmiliki wa klabu ya [[Bundesliga]] ya soka ''TSG 1899 Hoffenheim''. Mnamo Septemba [[2021]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 8.3<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Dietmar Hopp|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/dietmar-hopp/|website=Forbes|access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Kreitling |first=Holger |title=Hoffenheim und die dunkle Seite der Familie Hopp |trans-title=Hoffenheim and the dark side of the Hopp family |url=https://www.welt.de/kultur/article3185121/Hoffenheim-und-die-dunkle-Seite-der-Familie-Hopp.html|language=de |work=[[Die Welt]] |date=11 February 2009 |access-date=1 March 2020}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qw0y3xt4d1erpf2xh9ae60cus12jogb 0 246140 1589761 2026-08-21T05:24:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Walter P.J. Droege''' (Alizaliwa [[1952]] au [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], ambaye ni mwanzilishi na mwanachama wa bodi ya ''Droege International Group''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Droege Group team and boards|url=https://www.droege-group.com/en/who-we-are/team-boards/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-02|website=www.droege-group.com}}</ref>. Walter Droege alianzisha Droege International Group AG...' 1589761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walter P.J. Droege''' (Alizaliwa [[1952]] au [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], ambaye ni mwanzilishi na mwanachama wa bodi ya ''Droege International Group''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Droege Group team and boards|url=https://www.droege-group.com/en/who-we-are/team-boards/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-02|website=www.droege-group.com}}</ref>. Walter Droege alianzisha Droege International Group AG, ambayo inatoa huduma za urekebishaji na uboreshaji wa biashara, mwaka [[1988]] huko [[Düsseldorf]], Ujerumani<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=51179579 |title=Droege International Group AG: Private Company Information - Businessweek |website=Bloomberg.com |date= |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>. Droege alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni tangu kuanzishwa kwake hadi mwaka [[2018]], alipofuatiwa na mwanawe mkubwa, Ernest-W. Droege<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Walter P.J. Droege|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/walter-pj-droege/|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], kufikia Aprili [[2019]], utajiri wa Droege ulikuwa dola bilioni 6.4. Mwaka [[2020]], hii ilipungua hadi dola bilioni 2.5. Droege ameoa na ana angalau mtoto mmoja, na anaishi Düsseldorf, Ujerumani<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Walter Droege |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/walter-pj-droege |website=Forbes |accessdate=2 December 2020}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eq35ex1kl0ljzep6vrefyekcj0thfyo 1589791 1589761 2026-08-21T07:25:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walter P.J. Droege''' (Alizaliwa [[1952]] au [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], ambaye ni mwanzilishi na mwanachama wa bodi ya ''Droege International Group''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=|title=Droege Group team and boards|url=https://www.droege-group.com/en/who-we-are/team-boards/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-02|website=www.droege-group.com}}</ref>. Walter Droege alianzisha Droege International Group AG, ambayo inatoa huduma za urekebishaji na uboreshaji wa biashara, mwaka [[1988]] huko [[Düsseldorf]], Ujerumani<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=51179579 |title=Droege International Group AG: Private Company Information - Businessweek |website=Bloomberg.com |date= |accessdate=1 March 2016}}</ref>. Droege alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni tangu kuanzishwa kwake hadi mwaka [[2018]], alipofuatiwa na mwanawe mkubwa, Ernest-W. Droege<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Walter P.J. Droege|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/walter-pj-droege/|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], kufikia Aprili [[2019]], utajiri wa Droege ulikuwa dola bilioni 6.4. Mwaka [[2020]], hii ilipungua hadi dola bilioni 2.5. Droege ameoa na ana angalau mtoto mmoja, na anaishi Düsseldorf, Ujerumani<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Walter Droege |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/walter-pj-droege |website=Forbes |accessdate=2 December 2020}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dxd58jkro9omyjsb4cbhfnsgo6ujlzr 0 246141 1589762 2026-08-21T05:27:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''August von Finck Jr.''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 11]], [[1930]] – Alifariki [[Novemba 28]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] mwenye makao yake [[Uswisi]]. Mnamo Februari [[2020]], von Finck aliuza sehemu kubwa ya hisa yake katika ''SGS SA'' ya Uswisi, mojawapo ya makampuni makubwa ya upimaji na ukaguzi duniani. Aliuza hisa 960,000 zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 2.4. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bi...' 1589762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August von Finck Jr.''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 11]], [[1930]] – Alifariki [[Novemba 28]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] mwenye makao yake [[Uswisi]]. Mnamo Februari [[2020]], von Finck aliuza sehemu kubwa ya hisa yake katika ''SGS SA'' ya Uswisi, mojawapo ya makampuni makubwa ya upimaji na ukaguzi duniani. Aliuza hisa 960,000 zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 2.4. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 8.8. Von Finck Jr. aliunga mkono vyama vya siasa na mipango ya vyama vya mrengo wa kulia na vya uhuru, vikundi na watu binafsi katika maisha yake yote<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: August von Finck|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/august-von-finck/|website=Forbes|accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/august-von-finck/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index # 198: August von Flink|author=|date=|newspaper=Bloomberg|accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] 8dhjmplc1a6zmi1rtfckv8kygwijm5r 0 246142 1589764 2026-08-21T05:34:06Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Friedrich Karl Flick''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 3]], [[1927]] – Alifariki [[Oktoba 5]], [[2006]]) alikuwa mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na [[Austria]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Alizaliwa [[Berlin]], akiwa mtoto wa mwisho wa [http://Friedrich%20Flick Friedrich Flick], [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhalifu wa kivita wa Nazi, na Marie Schuss. Baada ya masomo yake, alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya baba yake. Mwaka [[1972]], baba yake alipofariki, alirit...' 1589764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Friedrich Karl Flick''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 3]], [[1927]] – Alifariki [[Oktoba 5]], [[2006]]) alikuwa mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na [[Austria]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Alizaliwa [[Berlin]], akiwa mtoto wa mwisho wa [http://Friedrich%20Flick Friedrich Flick], [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhalifu wa kivita wa Nazi, na Marie Schuss. Baada ya masomo yake, alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya baba yake. Mwaka [[1972]], baba yake alipofariki, alirithi sehemu kubwa ya biashara ya familia. Akiwa mmiliki wa pekee wa ''Friedrich Flick Industrial Holding'', alikuwa na maslahi katika makampuni makubwa ikiwemo Daimler-Benz, WR Grace, Gerling Insurance, Buderus, Dynamit Nobel, Feldmühle na mengine. Mwaka [[1975]], aliuza sehemu yake ya Daimler-Benz kwa ''Deutsche Bank'' kwa zaidi ya dola bilioni 1. Madeni makubwa ya kodi yaliepukwa kupitia "kulima mandhari ya kisiasa"—mchakato uliogeuka kuwa ''Flick Affair'' mwaka [[1983]] ilipobainika kwamba karibu dola milioni 25 zilikuwa zimelipwa kwa vyama vya siasa vya Ujerumani badala ya kupunguzwa kwa kodi na maamuzi mazuri<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/13/archives/bonn-bank-plans-benz-stock-sale-largest-german-institutior-forms-a.html |title=Bonn Bank Plans Benz Stock Sale |newspaper=New York Times |date=12 December 1975 }}</ref>. Ingawa Kansela Helmut Kohl alifaidika na miamala hiyo, alidai "hakumbuki", huku wengine wakijiuzulu kutoka nyadhifa zao. Mwaka [[1985]], Flick aliuza makampuni yake yaliyosalia. Wakati Deutsche Bank ilipotangaza kwamba ilikuwa imenunua hisa zake kwa karibu mark bilioni 3 za Ujerumani, Flick alistaafu nchini Austria, ambako alikua raia wa asili. Mnamo Machi [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.1<ref name=bloomberg>{{cite news|last1=Thiel|first1=SImon|title=Flick, Billionaire Son of Nazi War Criminal, Dies (Update1)|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ajNFph3pc0d8|accessdate=11 November 2015|work=bloomberg|date=6 October 2006}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] jfyzyavakvj4pz2sqmz2ozphmzd5e5l 0 246143 1589766 2026-08-21T05:39:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:G Fielmann.jpg|thumb|Fielmann mnamo 2009]] '''Günther Klaus Fielmann''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 17]], [[1939]] – Alifariki [[Januari 3]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwanzilishi, mmiliki mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Fielmann'', kampuni ya Ujerumani inayolenga katika miwani ya reja reja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guenther Klaus FIELMANN personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=...' 1589766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:G Fielmann.jpg|thumb|Fielmann mnamo 2009]] '''Günther Klaus Fielmann''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 17]], [[1939]] – Alifariki [[Januari 3]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwanzilishi, mmiliki mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Fielmann'', kampuni ya Ujerumani inayolenga katika miwani ya reja reja<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guenther Klaus FIELMANN personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/PlsQdiC-sFdlf6kzFgsvpaQhPzM/appointments |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|url = https://www.forbes.com/profile/fielmann-guenther/ |title = Forbes profile: Guenther Fielmann & family |accessdate = 21 August 2021 |work = Forbes}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 4.6. Kuanzia mwaka [[2019]], usimamizi wa ''Fielmann Group'' ulikabidhiwa kabisa kwa mwanawe Marc Fielmann<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |title=Germany's Fielmann to Transfer Stock as Part of Succession Plan |url=https://www.2020mag.com/article/germanys-fielmann-to-transfer-stock-as-part-of-succession-plan |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=www.2020mag.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] ef3r1530llb5bya25yr8kzax17yh0dm 1589803 1589766 2026-08-21T07:52:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589803 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:G Fielmann.jpg|thumb|Fielmann mnamo 2009]] '''Günther Klaus Fielmann''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 17]], [[1939]] – Alifariki [[Januari 3]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwanzilishi, mmiliki mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Fielmann'', kampuni ya Ujerumani inayolenga katika miwani ya reja reja<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Guenther Klaus FIELMANN personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/PlsQdiC-sFdlf6kzFgsvpaQhPzM/appointments |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|url = https://www.forbes.com/profile/fielmann-guenther/ |title = Forbes profile: Guenther Fielmann & family |accessdate = 21 August 2021 |work = Forbes}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 4.6. Kuanzia mwaka [[2019]], usimamizi wa ''Fielmann Group'' ulikabidhiwa kabisa kwa mwanawe Marc Fielmann<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Staff |title=Germany's Fielmann to Transfer Stock as Part of Succession Plan |url=https://www.2020mag.com/article/germanys-fielmann-to-transfer-stock-as-part-of-succession-plan |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=www.2020mag.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] 9ejml67br7iy0fqca2wy1oaxxafe34o 0 246144 1589767 2026-08-21T05:42:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Stoschek''' (Alizaliwa [[1947]] au [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwenyekiti wa ''Brose Fahrzeugteile'', kampuni ya Ujerumani ya sehemu za magari iliyoanzishwa na babu yake, [[Max Brose]]<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/prozess-in-coburg-schuldirektor-schoent-abi-noten-1.1985673 |title=Prozess in Coburg - Direktor schönt Abiturnoten - Bayern - Süddeutsche.de |publisher=Sueddeutsche....' 1589767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Stoschek''' (Alizaliwa [[1947]] au [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwenyekiti wa ''Brose Fahrzeugteile'', kampuni ya Ujerumani ya sehemu za magari iliyoanzishwa na babu yake, [[Max Brose]]<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/prozess-in-coburg-schuldirektor-schoent-abi-noten-1.1985673 |title=Prozess in Coburg - Direktor schönt Abiturnoten - Bayern - Süddeutsche.de |publisher=Sueddeutsche.de |date=4 June 2014 |accessdate=9 November 2015}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Michael Stoschek alizaliwa Ujerumani. Alisoma katika ''Casimirianum Coburg''. Mama yake Christa alikuwa mwigizaji na binti mdogo wa kiongozi wa tasnia ya ulinzi wa Kisoshalisti na mwanzilishi wa kampuni Max Brose. Baada ya kuanza uanagenzi wa kibiashara katika kampuni ya familia na uanagenzi katika ''Siemens'', Stoschek alichukua usimamizi wa biashara ya familia yenye wafanyakazi 1,000 na mauzo ya DM milioni 50 kutoka kwa shangazi yake Gisela Brose mwaka [[1971]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 24. Michael Stoschek ameoa tangu mwaka [[1972]] na ni baba wa binti Julia Stoschek na mwana Maximilian<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Michael Stoschek|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-stoschek/|website=Forbes|accessdate=8 November 2015}}</ref><ref name=JSC>{{cite web|title=Julia Stoschek Collection|url=http://www.julia-stoschek-collection.net/en/collection/collection.html|website=julia-stoschek-collection|accessdate=8 November 2015}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 93lc171tpxofo182rvmv8xx713zvubq 0 246145 1589768 2026-08-21T05:50:06Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dieter Schwarz''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 24]], [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mmiliki wa ''Schwarz-Gruppe''. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa msururu wa maduka makubwa ''Lidl'', na msururu wa maduka makubwa ya ''Kaufland''. Kufikia mwaka [[2025]], ana utajiri mkubwa zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Forbes 2025 Billionaires List - The Richest People In The World Ranked |url=https://www.f...' 1589768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dieter Schwarz''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 24]], [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mmiliki wa ''Schwarz-Gruppe''. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa msururu wa maduka makubwa ''Lidl'', na msururu wa maduka makubwa ya ''Kaufland''. Kufikia mwaka [[2025]], ana utajiri mkubwa zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Forbes 2025 Billionaires List - The Richest People In The World Ranked |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Forbes |language=English}}</ref>. ==Utajiri== Mnamo mwaka [[2009]], alikadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya [[euro]] bilioni 10. Kufikia Oktoba [[2012]], alikadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya euro bilioni 12, ongezeko kutoka euro bilioni 11.5 mwaka [[2011]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/milliardaere100.html| title=''Aldi-Brüder sind immer noch die reichsten Deutschen''|trans-title=Aldi brothers are still the richest Germans| date = 2009-10-06| publisher =[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]]| language =German| access-date =2010-09-12}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2013]], alikadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya € bilioni 19.6, na akachukua nafasi ya 24 tajiri zaidi duniani<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/reichenliste-des-manager-magazin-aldi-clan-dominiert-liste-a-860258.html| title =Aldi-Clan dominiert Deutschlands Milliardäre|trans-title=Aldi family dominates German billionaires | date =2012-10-09| publisher = [[Spiegel Online]]| language = German| access-date = 2012-10-09}}</ref>. Kufikia Februari [[2014]], aliorodheshwa kama mtu wa 23 tajiri zaidi duniani katika ''Hurun Report Global Rich List''<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news| last1=Oltermann| first1=Philip|title=Germany's Lidl seen overtaking big rivals Tesco, Carrefour and Aldi| url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jun/23/lidl-germany-overtake-tesco-carrefour-aldi|access-date=23 June 2014|work=The Guardian|date=23 June 2014}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2023]], [[Forbes]] ilimweka Schwarz kama mtu tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani na mtu wa 25 tajiri zaidi duniani akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 47.2. Tangu mwaka [[1999]], Schwarz anasimamia rasilimali zake kupitia ''Dieter Schwarz Foundation'' isiyolipa kodi, alipohamisha hisa zake katika Lidl na Kaufland ndani yake, akiamua ni kiasi gani cha faida yake kinachoenda katika hazina hiyo. ''Dieter Schwarz Foundation'' inasaidia vituo vya elimu na malezi ya watoto, na pia miradi ya sayansi na utafiti. Kwa mujibu wa orodha ya ''Forbes'' ya mwaka [[2025]] ya watu tajiri zaidi duniani, Dieter Schwarz ameorodheshwa nambari 37 akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 41, na kumfanya kuwa mtu tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dieter Schwarz |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/dieter-schwarz/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dauj4tafxutix56q8mi7x9zl3xbk86q 1589785 1589768 2026-08-21T07:07:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dieter Schwarz''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 24]], [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mmiliki wa ''Schwarz-Gruppe''. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa msururu wa maduka makubwa ''Lidl'', na msururu wa maduka makubwa ya ''Kaufland''. Kufikia mwaka [[2025]], ana utajiri mkubwa zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Forbes 2025 Billionaires List - The Richest People In The World Ranked |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Forbes |language=English}}</ref>. ==Utajiri== Mnamo mwaka [[2009]], alikadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya [[euro]] bilioni 10. Kufikia Oktoba [[2012]], alikadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya euro bilioni 12, ongezeko kutoka euro bilioni 11.5 mwaka [[2011]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/milliardaere100.html| title=''Aldi-Brüder sind immer noch die reichsten Deutschen''|trans-title=Aldi brothers are still the richest Germans| date = 2009-10-06| publisher =[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]]| language =German| access-date =2010-09-12}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2013]], alikadiriwa kuwa na thamani ya € bilioni 19.6, na akachukua nafasi ya 24 tajiri zaidi duniani<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/reichenliste-des-manager-magazin-aldi-clan-dominiert-liste-a-860258.html| title =Aldi-Clan dominiert Deutschlands Milliardäre|trans-title=Aldi family dominates German billionaires | date =2012-10-09| publisher = [[Spiegel Online]]| language = German| access-date = 2012-10-09}}</ref>. Kufikia Februari [[2014]], aliorodheshwa kama mtu wa 23 tajiri zaidi duniani katika ''Hurun Report Global Rich List''<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news| last1=Oltermann| first1=Philip|title=Germany's Lidl seen overtaking big rivals Tesco, Carrefour and Aldi| url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jun/23/lidl-germany-overtake-tesco-carrefour-aldi|access-date=23 June 2014|work=The Guardian|date=23 June 2014}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2023]], [[Forbes]] ilimweka Schwarz kama mtu tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani na mtu wa 25 tajiri zaidi duniani akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 47.2. Tangu mwaka [[1999]], Schwarz anasimamia rasilimali zake kupitia ''Dieter Schwarz Foundation'' isiyolipa kodi, alipohamisha hisa zake katika Lidl na Kaufland ndani yake, akiamua ni kiasi gani cha faida yake kinachoenda katika hazina hiyo. ''Dieter Schwarz Foundation'' inasaidia vituo vya elimu na malezi ya watoto, na pia miradi ya sayansi na utafiti. Kwa mujibu wa orodha ya ''Forbes'' ya mwaka [[2025]] ya watu tajiri zaidi duniani, Dieter Schwarz ameorodheshwa nambari 37 akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 41, na kumfanya kuwa mtu tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Dieter Schwarz |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/dieter-schwarz/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jtk7syu0wlte7mvaxoda3pxjigjgdxp 0 246146 1589769 2026-08-21T05:54:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dieter von Holtzbrinck''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 29]], [[1941]] huko Stuttgart) ni mrithi bilionea wa himaya ya uchapishaji ya Holtzbrinck, iliyoanzishwa na baba yake Georg von Holtzbrinck (1909–1983) mwaka [[1948]]. Mwaka [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa karibu dola bilioni 1. Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa ''Dow Jones & Co. Inc.'', hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe [[Julai 19]], [[2007]], kuonyesha kutokubaliana kwake na ununuzi wa kampuni hiyo na ''News Corp''...' 1589769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dieter von Holtzbrinck''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 29]], [[1941]] huko Stuttgart) ni mrithi bilionea wa himaya ya uchapishaji ya Holtzbrinck, iliyoanzishwa na baba yake Georg von Holtzbrinck (1909–1983) mwaka [[1948]]. Mwaka [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa karibu dola bilioni 1. Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa ''Dow Jones & Co. Inc.'', hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe [[Julai 19]], [[2007]], kuonyesha kutokubaliana kwake na ununuzi wa kampuni hiyo na ''News Corp'' ya [[Rupert Murdoch]]<ref>http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/10/2004/LIR.jhtml?</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 12hum77moklr0fro6cnoz68t30sai5h 0 246147 1589770 2026-08-21T06:01:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniela Herz-Schnoekel''' (Alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], aliyekuwa mmiliki mwenza wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. == Maisha na Kazi == Herz-Schnoekel ni binti wa Max Herz na Ingeburg Herz. Baba yake alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, Daniela Herz-Schnoekel alimiliki asilimia 19 ya Tchibo, na kaka yake Günter asilimia 20....' 1589770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniela Herz-Schnoekel''' (Alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], aliyekuwa mmiliki mwenza wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. == Maisha na Kazi == Herz-Schnoekel ni binti wa Max Herz na Ingeburg Herz. Baba yake alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, Daniela Herz-Schnoekel alimiliki asilimia 19 ya Tchibo, na kaka yake Günter asilimia 20.6. Mwaka [[2002]], wawili hao waliunganisha hisa zao za Tchibo katika kampuni ya mwenyeji ''Mayfair''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-16 |title=Der gestürzte Kaffeekönig - WELT |url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article427532/Der-gestuerzte-Kaffeekoenig.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref><ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Daniela Herz|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/daniela-herz/|website=Forbes|accessdate=28 September 2020}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2003]], wanafamilia hawa watatu walinunua Herz-Schnoekel na kaka yake, hisa ya asilimia 40 ya [[Günter Herz]]. Tchibo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia 100 na wanafamilia watatu wa Herz, mama yake Herz-Schnoekel na ndugu zake wawili, [[Michael Herz|Michael]] na [[Wolfgang Herz]]. Mwaka [[2020]], alivunja kampuni ya Mayfair (ambayo ilikuwa na asilimia 40 ya msururu wa pasta ''Vapiano''), kuashiria utengano wa kihistoria na kaka yake, ili kuelekeza uwekezaji wake katika majengo pamoja na watoto wake<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=magazin |first=Martin Mehringer, manager |date=2020-04-23 |title=Tchibo-Erben: Daniela Herz-Schnoeckel und Günter Herz trennen sich im Streit |url=https://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/handel/daniela-herz-schnoeckel-und-guenter-herz-streit-der-tchibo-erben-a-1306455.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.manager-magazin.de |language=de}}</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], Herz-Schnoekel ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.8, kufikia Mei [[2015]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-28 |title=Warum läuft's bei Vapiano nicht mehr? |url=https://www.bild.de/regional/hamburg/hamburg-aktuell/warum-laeufts-bei-vapiano-nicht-mehr-58705228.bild.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=bild.de |language=de}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iz8izjemsk2axjjbv21ic4wnktrwoqs 1589781 1589770 2026-08-21T07:01:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniela Herz-Schnoekel''' (Alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], aliyekuwa mmiliki mwenza wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. == Maisha na Kazi == Herz-Schnoekel ni binti wa Max Herz na Ingeburg Herz. Baba yake alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, Daniela Herz-Schnoekel alimiliki asilimia 19 ya Tchibo, na kaka yake Günter asilimia 20.6. Mwaka [[2002]], wawili hao waliunganisha hisa zao za Tchibo katika kampuni ya mwenyeji ''Mayfair''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2011-11-16 |title=Der gestürzte Kaffeekönig - WELT |url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article427532/Der-gestuerzte-Kaffeekoenig.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref><ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Daniela Herz|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/daniela-herz/|website=Forbes|accessdate=28 September 2020}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2003]], wanafamilia hawa watatu walinunua Herz-Schnoekel na kaka yake, hisa ya asilimia 40 ya [[Günter Herz]]. Tchibo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia 100 na wanafamilia watatu wa Herz, mama yake Herz-Schnoekel na ndugu zake wawili, [[Michael Herz|Michael]] na [[Wolfgang Herz]]. Mwaka [[2020]], alivunja kampuni ya Mayfair (ambayo ilikuwa na asilimia 40 ya msururu wa pasta ''Vapiano''), kuashiria utengano wa kihistoria na kaka yake, ili kuelekeza uwekezaji wake katika majengo pamoja na watoto wake<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=magazin |first=Martin Mehringer, manager |date=2020-04-23 |title=Tchibo-Erben: Daniela Herz-Schnoeckel und Günter Herz trennen sich im Streit |url=https://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/handel/daniela-herz-schnoeckel-und-guenter-herz-streit-der-tchibo-erben-a-1306455.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=www.manager-magazin.de |language=de}}</ref>. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], Herz-Schnoekel ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.8, kufikia Mei [[2015]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018-11-28 |title=Warum läuft's bei Vapiano nicht mehr? |url=https://www.bild.de/regional/hamburg/hamburg-aktuell/warum-laeufts-bei-vapiano-nicht-mehr-58705228.bild.html |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=bild.de |language=de}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lkumf9jv3nv5u3rs5j21kulng2blu3d 0 246148 1589771 2026-08-21T06:05:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christoph Henkel''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 11]], [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] mwenye makao yake [[London]]. Kufikia Septemba [[2021]], utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.7<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Christoph Henkel |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/christoph-henkel/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=16 September 2021}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Christoph Henk...' 1589771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christoph Henkel''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 11]], [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] mwenye makao yake [[London]]. Kufikia Septemba [[2021]], utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.7<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Christoph Henkel |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/christoph-henkel/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=16 September 2021}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Christoph Henkel alizaliwa tarehe [[Februari 11]], [[1958]] huko [[Düsseldorf]], Ujerumani Magharibi. Babu yake, Friedrich Karl Henkel, alianzisha kampuni ya bidhaa za kusafisha ''Henkel'' mwaka [[1876]]. Baba yake, Konrad Henkel, alichukua kampuni hiyo na kuigeuza kuwa shirika la kimataifa. Henkel alirithi hisa ya pauni bilioni 1 katika kampuni ya kemikali ya Ujerumani Henkel muda mfupi baada ya kifo cha baba yake mwaka [[1999]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na mmiliki mwenza wa ''Canyon Equity'', yenye makao yake makuu Larkspur, [[California]]. Pia ni mmiliki wa kituo cha mapumziko cha ''Dunton Hot Springs'' huko Dunton, Colorado, Marekani. Katika ''Sunday Times Rich List 2022'' ya watu tajiri zaidi nchini Uingereza, aliorodheshwa nambari 5 akiwa na utajiri wa familia wa pauni bilioni 15. Anashika nafasi ya 1,118 kwenye orodha ya watu tajiri zaidi duniani na 71 nchini Ujerumani. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Wanahisa ya Henkel kuanzia mwaka [[1991]] hadi [[2022]]<ref name="Henkel CV">{{cite web |title=Dr. rer. pol. h.c.Christoph Henkel |url=https://www.henkel.com/resource/blob/853364/c0038cb7a27c9b514d0a6862e6fbb6c0/data/christoph-henkel-cv-eng.pdf |website=Henkel |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="companieshouse">{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/lDnA6uglmtDjdStN_dM13DgtvfM/appointments|title=Christoph HENKEL - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|accessdate=1 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="CompaniesHouse">{{cite web|title=Chalsys LLP|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/OC370339/officers|website=Companies House|accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="strl2022">{{cite news|title=The Sunday Times Rich List 2022| url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list |date=20 May 2022|work=The Sunday Times|editor1=Watts, Robert|access-date=20 May 2022}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sm7c30g5jh7kwi6romz8c6e27fa5j49 0 246149 1589774 2026-08-21T06:41:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beate Heister''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 5]], [[1951]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa watoto wawili wa [[Karl Albrecht]], ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rttnews.com/slideshow/3672/the-10-richest-women-on-earth-oprah-betencourt-jobs-walton-walmart-mars-klatten.aspx|title=Heiresses Galore: The 10 Richest Women On Earth|website=RTTNews|accessdate=1...' 1589774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beate Heister''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 5]], [[1951]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa watoto wawili wa [[Karl Albrecht]], ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rttnews.com/slideshow/3672/the-10-richest-women-on-earth-oprah-betencourt-jobs-walton-walmart-mars-klatten.aspx|title=Heiresses Galore: The 10 Richest Women On Earth|website=RTTNews|accessdate=19 June 2023}}</ref>. Kufikia mwaka [[2022]], alikuwa mmoja wa wanawake watano tajiri zaidi duniani, kulingana na jarida la [[Forbes]]. Pamoja na kaka yake [[Karl Albrecht Jr.]], kufikia mwaka [[2020]], walikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 41.3, na kuwaweka juu ya orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya Wajerumani tajiri zaidi<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Beate Heister & Karl Albrecht Jr.|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/beate-heister-karl-albrecht-jr/|website=Forbes|accessdate=30 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes Billionaires 2023: The Richest People In The World |url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Forbes |language=English}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] adyzuefuw2z5ausx48qbum6wwwubozt 0 246150 1589775 2026-08-21T06:43:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Erivan Karl Matthias Haub''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 29]], [[1932]] – Alifariki [[Machi 6]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mkurugenzi mkuu na mmiliki mwenza wa ''Tengelmann Group'', mmoja wa wauzaji reja reja wakubwa wa Ujerumani<ref name="obit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/33333/3888929 |title=Unternehmensgruppe Tengelmann trauert um langjährigen Chef / Erivan Haub 85-jährig in USA verstorben...' 1589775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erivan Karl Matthias Haub''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 29]], [[1932]] – Alifariki [[Machi 6]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mkurugenzi mkuu na mmiliki mwenza wa ''Tengelmann Group'', mmoja wa wauzaji reja reja wakubwa wa Ujerumani<ref name="obit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/33333/3888929 |title=Unternehmensgruppe Tengelmann trauert um langjährigen Chef / Erivan Haub 85-jährig in USA verstorben |date=12 March 2018 |website=presseportal.de |language=de |access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake mnamo Machi [[2018]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.4<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Erivan Haub |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/erivan-haub/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=6 March 2018}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] cyuxks5pvir6k24j1dzehles7ezsqhi 1589792 1589775 2026-08-21T07:25:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erivan Karl Matthias Haub''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 29]], [[1932]] – Alifariki [[Machi 6]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mkurugenzi mkuu na mmiliki mwenza wa ''Tengelmann Group'', mmoja wa wauzaji reja reja wakubwa wa Ujerumani<ref name="obit">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/33333/3888929 |title=Unternehmensgruppe Tengelmann trauert um langjährigen Chef / Erivan Haub 85-jährig in USA verstorben |date=12 March 2018 |website=presseportal.de |language=de |access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake mnamo Machi [[2018]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.4<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Erivan Haub |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/erivan-haub/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=6 March 2018}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] 02csbf91t25j5qzw952xwt6kqbre2su 0 246151 1589776 2026-08-21T06:52:56Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 26]], [[1898]] – Alifariki [[Oktoba 27]], [[1974]]) alikuwa mhunzi wa viatu, mvumbuzi, na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya mavazi ya michezo ''Puma''. Alizaliwa tarehe [[Machi 26]], [[1898]] huko Herzogenaurach, Rudolf alikuwa kaka mkubwa wa mwanzilishi wa [[Adidas]] Adolf "Adi" Dassler<ref>{{cite news|last=Carbone |first=Nick |url=https://content.time.com/time/sp...' 1589776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 26]], [[1898]] – Alifariki [[Oktoba 27]], [[1974]]) alikuwa mhunzi wa viatu, mvumbuzi, na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya mavazi ya michezo ''Puma''. Alizaliwa tarehe [[Machi 26]], [[1898]] huko Herzogenaurach, Rudolf alikuwa kaka mkubwa wa mwanzilishi wa [[Adidas]] Adolf "Adi" Dassler<ref>{{cite news|last=Carbone |first=Nick |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2089859_2089888_2089889,00.html |title=Adidas vs. Puma – Top 10 Family Feuds – TIME |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2011-08-23 |access-date=2014-05-28}}</ref>. Ndugu hao walikuwa washirika katika biashara ya viatu aliyoianzisha Adolf, ''Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik''. Rudolf alijiunga mwaka [[1924]]. Hata hivyo, baada ya ugomvi kati yao kufuatia [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]], ndugu hao walitengana na kuanzisha makampuni yao mwaka [[1948]]. Awali akiita kampuni mpya "Ruda" (mchanganyiko wa Rudolf Dassler), ilibadilishwa jina kuwa Puma kwa maana ya ''cougar ([[Puma (mnyama)|Puma]])''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/08/business/worldbusiness/08iht-SHOES.html?_r=0|title=Adidas versus Puma: Origins of a rivalry between brothers|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=16 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Esterl |first=Mike |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB120606066903653643|title=A Run for Their Money - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com|date=2008-03-21|access-date=2014-05-28}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] mm8pmm5uy40qwk6dc6uhzi1zmir1oix 0 246152 1589780 2026-08-21T06:59:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Mario Olguín''' (alizaliwa [[17 Mei]] [[1952]] mjini Dolores, Buenos Aires) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] ambaye alikuwa akicheza katika nafasi ya beki. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichotwaa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1978. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza soka, ameendelea kufanya kazi kama [[kocha]], akisimamia klabu mbalimbali za soka. == Kazi ya uchezaji == Katika soka la klabu, Olguín alicheza zaidi katika nafasi ya beka wa kati. Hata hivyo, katika timu ya taifa ya Argentina, kocha César Luis Menotti alimtumia katika nafasi ya beka wa kulia. Miongoni mwa mafanikio yake akiwa mchezaji ni kutwaa Kombe la Dunia akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Argentina, Copa Libertadores, pamoja na [[mataji]] sita ya ligi ya Argentina.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18600/Jorge_Olguin.html</ref><ref>https://sanlorenzojugadores.blogspot.com/2007/05/jorge-olguin.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5wctic6vw26z4fwclxhopg3ot37k525 0 246153 1589783 2026-08-21T07:03:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rolf Deyhle''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 3]], [[1938]] – Alifariki [[Mei 2]], [[2014]]) alikuwa msanidi wa majengo, mkusanyaji wa sanaa, na mtayarishaji wa filamu bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mnamo Septemba [[1992]], Deyhle aliorodheshwa na ''Fortune'' akiwa na utajiri wa jumla wa dola bilioni 1.1<ref name=Fortune>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007...' 1589783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolf Deyhle''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 3]], [[1938]] – Alifariki [[Mei 2]], [[2014]]) alikuwa msanidi wa majengo, mkusanyaji wa sanaa, na mtayarishaji wa filamu bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mnamo Septemba [[1992]], Deyhle aliorodheshwa na ''Fortune'' akiwa na utajiri wa jumla wa dola bilioni 1.1<ref name=Fortune>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228113707/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2007|title=The Billionaires|date=7 September 1992|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref>. Deyhle alibuni nembo ya [[FIFA]] mwaka [[1977]] na baadaye akapata haki za uuzaji wa ishara, alama na miundo yote inayohusiana na FIFA hadi [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] [[1994]] nchini [[Marekani]], dhidi ya matakwa ya rais wa FIFA wakati huo, [[João Havelange]]<ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/sport/fussball/verschenkte-trophaee-als-herr-deyhle-weltmeister-wurde-a-416633.html ''Als Herr Deyhle Weltmeister wurde''], [[Der Spiegel]], 28. Mai 2006 (german)</ref><ref name="Billboard.1997">{{cite book|title=Billboard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA48|accessdate=9 November 2015|date=24 May 1997|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|page=48|issn=0006-2510}}</ref>. Deyhle alimiliki ''Stella AG'', kampuni ya Ujerumani ya utayarishaji wa michezo ya jukwaani ambayo pia ilimiliki kumbi za michezo huko [[Hamburg]]. Mwaka [[1997]], iliajiri watu 4,500, ikidai kuwa kiongozi wa soko katika sekta ya muziki ya Ujerumani, na ilipangwa kuorodhesha asilimia 49 kwenye soko la hisa la Ujerumani. Stella AG hatimaye ikawa haifanyi kazi na ilichukuliwa mwaka [[2001]] na ''Stage Entertainment''. Deyhle alifariki Mei 2, 2014, na alikuwa na watoto sita<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.trauer-um-rolf-deyhle-viel-stoff-fuer-ein-musical.f937a940-0509-4c97-9c4b-dee0198eb5e1.html |title=Trauer um Rolf Deyhle: Viel Stoff für ein Musical |first1=Uwe |last1=Bogen |website=[[Stuttgarter Nachrichten]] (Stuttgart News) |location=Stuttgart |language=de |date=2014-05-05 |via=www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |trans-title=Mourning for Rolf Deyhle: a lot of material for a musical }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.nachruf-auf-rolf-deyhle-der-musical-pionier-hat-stuttgart-veraendert.6f963e3d-ed52-494d-adb9-8426f38beda9.html |title=Nachruf auf Rolf Deyhle: Der Musical-Pionier hat Stuttgart verändert |first1=Jürgen |last1=Brand |date=2014-05-04 |trans-title=Obituary for Rolf Deyhle: the musical pioneer changed Stuttgart |location=Stuttgart |website=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]] (Stuttgart Newspaper) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/menschen-wirtschaft/musical-pionier-rolf-deyhle-gestorben-12922404.html |title=Musical-Pionier Rolf Deyhle gestorben |language=de |date=2014-05-04 |website=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (Frankfurt General Newspaper) |trans-title=Musical pioneer Rolf Deyhle has died}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] 6lb0cj6k4gy3lioi9qteitrk93jc37v 0 246154 1589786 2026-08-21T07:07:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto Néstor Sensini''' (alizaliwa [[12 Oktoba]] [[1966]]) ni kocha wa soka wa [[Argentina]] na [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani. Akiwa mchezaji, alicheza katika nafasi za beka wa kati au kiungo mkabaji. Akiwa mchezaji wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina, alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwenye Copa América ya mwaka 1989. == Kazi ya klabu == Sensini alianza kucheza [[soka]] la kulipwa mwaka 1986 akiwa na Newell's Old Boys, ambako alishinda taji lake la kwanza. Mwaka 1989 alihamia [[Italia]] na kujiunga na Udinese, pamoja na mwenzake raia wa Argentina, Abel Balbo. Aliichezea Udinese kwa misimu minne kabla ya kuhamia Parma mwaka 1993, ambako alidumu kwa misimu mingine sita. Katika kipindi hicho, Sensini wakati mwingine alicheza pia katika nafasi ya kiungo. Akiwa Parma, alishinda [[Kombe]] la [[UEFA]] mara mbili, Kombe la Italia mara mbili, na UEFA Super Cup. Pia aliifikia [[fainali]] ya European Cup Winners' Cup mwaka 1994.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/10712/Roberto_Sensini.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 6ky53k01k1467u7ndcflo1m147a5iqq 0 246155 1589787 2026-08-21T07:10:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim genannt Bechtolsheim''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2014 |title=Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim (genannt Bechtolsheim), Mitbegründer von Sun Microsystems |trans-title=Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim (called Bechtolsheim), co-founder of Sun Microsystems |url=http://www.diereichsten.de/index.php/alle-vorhandenen-beitraege/8-artikel-die-reichsten/13-andreas-maria-maxi...' 1589787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim genannt Bechtolsheim''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2014 |title=Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim (genannt Bechtolsheim), Mitbegründer von Sun Microsystems |trans-title=Andreas Maria Maximilian Freiherr von Mauchenheim (called Bechtolsheim), co-founder of Sun Microsystems |url=http://www.diereichsten.de/index.php/alle-vorhandenen-beitraege/8-artikel-die-reichsten/13-andreas-maria-maximilian-freiherr-von-mauchenheim-vermoegen-und-biografie |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924150718/http://www.diereichsten.de/index.php/alle-vorhandenen-beitraege/8-artikel-die-reichsten/13-andreas-maria-maximilian-freiherr-von-mauchenheim-vermoegen-und-biografie |archive-date=2018-09-24 |website=Die Reichsten}}</ref>(Alizaliwa [[Septemba 30]], [[1955]]) ni mhandisi wa umeme, [[mjasiriamali]] na mwekezaji bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alianzisha ''Sun Microsystems'' mwaka [[1982]] na alikuwa mbunifu wake mkuu wa vifaa vya kompyuta. Kufikia mwaka [[2025]], yeye ni mtu wa 68 tajiri zaidi kulingana na ''Bloomberg Billionaires Index'' na [[Forbes]] akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 28.9<ref name=Forbes2013>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/andreas-von-bechtolsheim/ Andreas von Bechtolsheim profile], Forbes.com, 14 December 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EhnTDAAAQBAJ&q=H%C3%A4ngeberg+am+Ammersee&pg=PA37|title=Deutschland digital: Unsere Antwort auf das Silicon Valley|first1=Marc|last1=Beise|first2=Ulrich|last2=Schäfer|date=11 August 2016|publisher=Campus Verlag|isbn=978-3-593-50592-3|access-date=24 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nsn5cj6z0nu6sg3focogoc6p7vvftxg 0 246156 1589788 2026-08-21T07:13:27Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Luis Burruchaga''' (alizaliwa [[9 Oktoba]] [[1962]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani Burru, ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Argentina]] na [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa. Akiwa mchezaji, alicheza katika nafasi za kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] na mshambuliaji. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kufunga bao la ushindi katika [[fainali]] ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1986. == Kazi ya klabu == Burruchaga alizaliwa Gualeguay, katika [[mkoa]] wa Entre Ríos, na alianza kucheza [[soka]] mwaka 1980 akiwa na Arsenal de Sarandí katika daraja la pili la Argentina wakati huo. Mwaka 1982, alijiunga na Independiente na akacheza mchezo wake wa kwanza katika ushindi dhidi ya Estudiantes de La Plata tarehe 12 Februari. Akiwa na Independiente, alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshinda Metropolitano mwaka [[1983]], Copa Libertadores mwaka 1984, na Kombe la Intercontinental mwaka 1984.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/14893/Jorge_Burruchaga.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071226130854/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=133</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} llibp5dkanencuggtp3md3x1sopmq6n 0 246157 1589789 2026-08-21T07:13:47Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Axel Oberwelland''' (Alizaliwa [[Agosti 1]], [[1966]]) ni mrithi na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki wa kampuni ya utengenezaji wa pipi ''August Storck'', iliyoanzishwa na babu yake mwaka [[1903]]. Kampuni hiyo inajulikana zaidi kwa chapa zake ''Werther's Original'', ''Riesen'' na ''Toffifee''<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/axel-oberwelland/ |work=forbes.com |title=Forbes profile: Axel Oberwella...' 1589789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Axel Oberwelland''' (Alizaliwa [[Agosti 1]], [[1966]]) ni mrithi na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki wa kampuni ya utengenezaji wa pipi ''August Storck'', iliyoanzishwa na babu yake mwaka [[1903]]. Kampuni hiyo inajulikana zaidi kwa chapa zake ''Werther's Original'', ''Riesen'' na ''Toffifee''<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/axel-oberwelland/ |work=forbes.com |title=Forbes profile: Axel Oberwelland |accessdate=28 January 2021}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Axel Oberwelland alizaliwa tarehe [[Agosti 1]], [[1966]] huko Bielefeld, mwana wa Klaus Oberwelland (alizaliwa [[1937]]), ambaye alichukua kampuni mwaka [[1971]] na alijiuzulu mwaka [[2003]], na ni mjukuu wa Hugo Oberwelland (1901–1978), ambaye alisimamia kampuni tangu mwaka [[1921]]. Alisoma shule ya upili huko Bielefeld, ikifuatiwa na shule ya bweni karibu na St. Moritz, [[Uswisi]], na kisha akasoma biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha St. Gallen, Uswisi. Ameiongoza kampuni tangu baba yake Klaus Oberwelland alipostaafu kwenye maadhimisho ya miaka 100 ya Storck mwaka [[2003]]. Mnamo Aprili [[2018]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 3.9<ref name=AxelOberwelland>{{cite web|url=https://busytape.com/axel-oberwelland-net-worth/|title=Axel Oberwelland Net Worth, Achievements & Personal Life|work=busytape.com |date=February 22, 2022|access-date= April 5, 2023}}</ref><ref name="wiwo">{{cite web|url=http://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/suesswarenhersteller-das-bittere-nasch-erbe-von-storck-chef-axel-oberwelland-seite-2/5616410-2.html|publisher=wiwo.de|title=Süßwarenhersteller: Das bittere Nasch-Erbe von Storck-Chef Axel Oberwelland|accessdate=2016-09-10}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg profile">{{cite web|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Axel Oberwelland|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/axel-oberwelland/|website=Bloomberg LP|accessdate=21 April 2018}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f42n8o42ical4pg96sfq31mdjgvs9ts 0 246158 1589790 2026-08-21T07:21:55Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Walter Samuel FC Internazionale.jpg|thumb|Walter Samuel]] '''Walter Adrián Samuel''' (alizaliwa kwa jina Walter Adrián Luján [[23 Machi]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]]. Samuel amewahi kuchukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa mabeki wa kati bora wa kizazi chake, na pia alikuwa akijulikana kama mmoja wa mabeki wagumu zaidi katika soka. Mwanasoka mwenzake wa zamani wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina na [[nahodha]] wa Inter Milan, Javier Zanetti, aliwahi kumtaja Samuel kuwa mchezaji mgumu zaidi ambaye amewahi kucheza naye. == Maisha ya awali na maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa akiwa na jina Walter Luján, na alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kulipwa akiwa na Newell's Old Boys, huku pia akishiriki katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Vijana akitumia jina hilo. Baadaye alichukua jina la ukoo la baba yake wa kambo, Óscar Samuel. Ana dada wawili. Samuel ameoa Cecilia. Wana wana wawili na binti mmoja.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/297/Walter_Samuel.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120828031219/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?Lang=0&CTID=13&CPID=19&pStr=Player&PLID=48019&TEID=41</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 1242ruu55trlb1c7zzyixab2cikif62 0 246159 1589793 2026-08-21T07:29:02Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''René Orlando Houseman''' ([[19 Julai]] [[1953]] – [[22 Machi]] [[2018]]), aliyepewa jina la utani Loco, alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Argentina]] aliyecheza kama winga wa kulia. Mwanzoni mwa maisha yake ya soka, Houseman alionekana kuwa mrithi wa winga maarufu Omar Corbatta. Hadi leo, waandishi wengi wa habari za michezo humchukulia kuwa mmoja wa mawinga bora zaidi kuwahi kutokea. Houseman alijulikana kwa uwezo mkubwa wa kumiliki na kuwapita wapinzani kwa chenga, kasi na ujanja wake uwanjani. == Maisha binafsi == Maisha ya soka ya Houseman yalikatizwa mapema kutokana na tatizo la uraibu wa [[pombe]], ambalo alikabiliana nalo kwa sehemu kubwa ya [[maisha]] yake. Wakati mmoja alifunga bao dhidi ya River Plate, lakini baadaye alisema hakulikumbuka bao hilo kwa sababu alikuwa amelewa wakati wote wa mchezo. Mwaka 2017, ilifichuliwa kwamba Houseman alikuwa na [[saratani]] ya ulimi. Shirikisho la Soka la Argentina lilitangaza kwamba lingemsaidia kugharamia matibabu yake. Houseman alifariki tarehe 22 Machi 2018 baada ya kupambana kwa muda mrefu na saratani. Alifariki siku nane baada ya kifo cha Rubén Galván, aliyekuwa mwenzake katika kikosi cha Argentina kilichoshinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1978. <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18615/Rene_Houseman.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfa.com.ar/jugadores-RENE-ORLANDO-HOUSEMAN-863.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kjju6d0j21gimh7vqd41tb3x4em7teg 0 246160 1589795 2026-08-21T07:36:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Nahuel Molina Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-023.jpg|thumb|Nahuel Molina]] '''Nahuel Molina Lucero''' (alizaliwa [[6 Aprili]] [[1998]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Argentina]] anayecheza kama beki wa kulia katika klabu ya AS Roma ya Serie A na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Molina alianza taaluma yake ya soka katika Boca Juniors nchini Argentina. Mwaka 2020 alihamia [[Italia]] kujiunga na Udinese, kabla ya kuhamia [[Atlético Madrid]] mwaka 2022. Molina alikuwa sehemu ya vikosi vya Argentina katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 2022 na 2026. Alishinda Kombe la Dunia la 2022, ambapo alianza katika kikosi cha kwanza kwenye [[fainali]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Molina alipata mafunzo katika mradi wa michezo wa Barça Juniors Luján, ambao ulikuwa mradi wa [[FC Barcelona]] nchini Argentina. Mradi huo ulimwezesha hata kusafiri hadi Barcelona ili kufanya mazoezi pamoja na vikosi vya vijana vya FC Barcelona. Mwaka 2012, mradi wa Juniors Luján uliunganishwa na mfumo wa vijana wa Boca Juniors, hivyo Molina aliendelea na mafunzo yake katika [[klabu]] hiyo.<ref>https://en.atleticodemadrid.com/jugadores/nahuel-molina-2022-2023-2</ref><ref>https://www.asroma.com/en/news/75756/nahuel-molina-is-a-roma-player</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} gfsgusk75jf30vwojfz6f4jfi64o4lv 0 246161 1589797 2026-08-21T07:41:24Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Guylaine Tremblay''' (amezaliwa [[14 Oktoba]], [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]].<ref>[[Pénélope McQuade]], [https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/penelope/segments/entrevue/164323/guylaine-tremblay-piece-solo-60-ans "Des nouvelles de Guylaine Tremblay"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], April 6, 2020.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Summit Circle (Contre toute espérance)'', ambapo alishinda Prix Jutra...' 1589797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guylaine Tremblay''' (amezaliwa [[14 Oktoba]], [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]].<ref>[[Pénélope McQuade]], [https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/penelope/segments/entrevue/164323/guylaine-tremblay-piece-solo-60-ans "Des nouvelles de Guylaine Tremblay"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], April 6, 2020.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Summit Circle (Contre toute espérance)'', ambapo alishinda Prix Jutra ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 10th Jutra Awards mwaka 2008.<ref>Myriam Fontaine, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/contre-toute-esperance "Contre toute espérance"]. ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]'', March 28, 2010.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 21fdzdh3sbedjd0ze3ck88p1cihh3st 1589798 1589797 2026-08-21T07:41:45Z Christina Charles 71406 1589798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guylaine Tremblay''' (amezaliwa [[14 Oktoba]], [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]].<ref>[[Pénélope McQuade]], [https://ici.radio-canada.ca/premiere/emissions/penelope/segments/entrevue/164323/guylaine-tremblay-piece-solo-60-ans "Des nouvelles de Guylaine Tremblay"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], April 6, 2020.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Summit Circle (Contre toute espérance)'', ambapo alishinda Prix Jutra ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 10th Jutra Awards mwaka 2008.<ref>Myriam Fontaine, [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/contre-toute-esperance "Contre toute espérance"]. ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]'', March 28, 2010.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] oz3xrpwle8p5uiwoccyblkql38mgzcq 0 246162 1589799 2026-08-21T07:43:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricardo Omar Giusti''' (alizaliwa [[11 Desemba]] [[1956]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]]. Akiwa kiungo, alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka akichezea klabu ya Argentina, Independiente. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, alishinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1986 akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Argentina kilichomaliza mshindi wa pili katika Kombe la Dunia la 1990. Giusti alicheza michezo 53 kwa timu ya taifa ya Argentina kati ya mwaka 1983 na 1990, na kwa sasa anashika nafasi ya 38 katika orodha ya wachezaji walioichezea Argentina mara nyingi zaidi. Kwa ujumla, alishiriki katika mashindano makubwa matano akiwa na taifa lake. == Kazi ya klabu == Katika kipindi cha [[maisha]] yake ya soka, Giusti aliwahi kuchezea Unión de Santa Fe, Argentinos Juniors na Newell's Old Boys. Hata hivyo, mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi aliyapata akiwa na Independiente. Akiwa Independiente, aliteuliwa kuwa [[nahodha]] wa timu katika kipindi ambacho klabu hiyo ilikuwa katika enzi yake yenye mafanikio makubwa. Alikuwa sehemu ya vikosi vilivyoshinda [[mataji]] ya Ligi ya Argentina katika Mashindano ya Metropolitano ya 1983 na msimu wa 1988–89. Katika maadhimisho ya miaka 90 ya Independiente, Giusti alichaguliwa kuwa kiungo bora zaidi katika [[historia]] ya klabu hiyo.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18569/Ricardo_Giusti.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906040040/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=174564/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} e5q5mgurm5qfhjmlzytv052d2gmb3qb 0 246163 1589800 2026-08-21T07:46:17Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johanne-Marie Tremblay''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alipata nafasi yake ya kwanza ya filamu katika ''Straight for the Heart'' ya mwaka 1988, baada ya hapo aligunduliwa na mkurugenzi Denys Arcand na kupewa nafasi ya mhusika Constance katika ''Jesus of Montreal'' (1989). Tremblay aliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Genie ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi kwa nafasi hiyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pike|first=David Lawrence |title=Canadian Cinem...' 1589800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johanne-Marie Tremblay''' (alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alipata nafasi yake ya kwanza ya filamu katika ''Straight for the Heart'' ya mwaka 1988, baada ya hapo aligunduliwa na mkurugenzi Denys Arcand na kupewa nafasi ya mhusika Constance katika ''Jesus of Montreal'' (1989). Tremblay aliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Genie ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi kwa nafasi hiyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pike|first=David Lawrence |title=Canadian Cinema Since the 1980s: At the Heart of the World |location=Toronto, Buffalo and London |publisher=University of Toronto Press|date=2012 |isbn=978-1442698321 |page=105}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Angers |first=Jean Philippe |date=22 April 2013 |title='Le Démantèlement' de Sébastien Pilote sera à la Semaine de la critique à Cannes |publisher=[[The Canadian Press]] }}</ref> <ref>{{cite magazine |date=7 May 2009 |title=Polytechnique |magazine=Finance et Investissement |volume=16 |issue=18 |page=4}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 96udkv69t2b50p3u5zxifhlpk7y2a8d 0 246164 1589801 2026-08-21T07:50:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esteban Matías Cambiasso Delea'''u (matamshi ya Kihispania: [esˈteβaŋ kamˈbjaso]; alizaliwa [[18 Agosti]] [[1980]]), aliyepewa jina la utani “Cuchu”, ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Katika kipindi cha maisha yake ya soka, Cambiasso alishinda [[mataji]] 21 rasmi, ambapo mengi aliyapata katika kipindi cha miaka 10 aliyocheza katika [[klabu]] ya Inter Milan. Miongoni mwa mataji hayo ni mataji matano ya Scudetto (ubingwa wa Ligi ya [[Italia]]) pamoja na UEFA Champions League ya msimu wa 2009–10. == Kazi ya klabu == === Kuanza kwa kazi ya soka === Cambiasso alianza [[maisha]] yake ya soka la kulipwa mwaka 1995 akiwa na Argentinos Juniors. Mwaka 1996, alihamia [[Real Madrid]] pamoja na kaka yake, Nicolás Cambiasso. Mwaka 1998, alirejea Argentina, ambako alicheza kwa miaka mitatu katika klabu ya Independiente, kisha msimu mmoja akiwa na River Plate. Baada ya kupata uzoefu mzuri wa kucheza soka, alirejea Real Madrid mwaka [[2002]].<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/328/Esteban_Cambiasso.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110711062505/http://www.futbolpunto.com/jugadores/Esteban-Matias-Cambiasso</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 87c626kp01nlsbqnnuwzklou8i3ungj 0 246165 1589802 2026-08-21T07:51:28Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julia Anne Turnbull''' (amezaliwa [[18 Juni]], [[1822]] – amefariki [[11 Septemba]], [[1887]]) alikuwa mcheza dansi na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alisomea baleti chini ya mcheza dansi [[Mfaransa]] Mme LeComte na kaka yake LeComte, Jules Martin, pamoja na James Sylvain. Turnbull alipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Marekani katika miaka ya 1840 kwa kuigiza nafasi kuu za kitamaduni kama Giselle na Esmeralda.<ref name=enc>{{Cite web |title=Turnbull, Julia...' 1589802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Anne Turnbull''' (amezaliwa [[18 Juni]], [[1822]] – amefariki [[11 Septemba]], [[1887]]) alikuwa mcheza dansi na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alisomea baleti chini ya mcheza dansi [[Mfaransa]] Mme LeComte na kaka yake LeComte, Jules Martin, pamoja na James Sylvain. Turnbull alipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Marekani katika miaka ya 1840 kwa kuigiza nafasi kuu za kitamaduni kama Giselle na Esmeralda.<ref name=enc>{{Cite web |title=Turnbull, Julia Anne (1822–1887) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/turnbull-julia-anne-1822-1887 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Amberg |first=George |title=Ballet in America : the emergence of an American art |date=2007-05-11 |publisher=Read Books |isbn=978-1406753806 |oclc=884800411}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1822|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ayvt2pkjeoeeprc9ss989dr99p424xr 1589823 1589802 2026-08-21T08:36:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Anne Turnbull''' (amezaliwa [[18 Juni]], [[1822]] – amefariki [[11 Septemba]], [[1887]]) alikuwa mcheza dansi na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alisomea baleti chini ya mcheza dansi [[Mfaransa]] Mme LeComte na kaka yake LeComte, Jules Martin, pamoja na James Sylvain. Turnbull alipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Marekani katika miaka ya 1840 kwa kuigiza nafasi kuu za kitamaduni kama Giselle na Esmeralda.<ref name=enc>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Turnbull, Julia Anne (1822–1887) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/turnbull-julia-anne-1822-1887 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Amberg |first=George |title=Ballet in America : the emergence of an American art |date=2007-05-11 |publisher=Read Books |isbn=978-1406753806 |oclc=884800411}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1822|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] i12pcru6fpxps8j57adbncly54mxynj 0 246166 1589804 2026-08-21T07:56:03Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara Ulrich''' (alizaliwa 1945) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Barbara katika filamu ya mwaka 1964 ''The Cat in the Bag (Le Chat dans le sac)''.<ref>Herbert Aronoff, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montreal-star/181696242/ "At the film festival: 'Chat dans le sac'"]. ''[[Montreal Star]]'', August 10, 1964.</ref><ref name=tremblay>Régis Tremblay, "Nouvelle vague d'hier"....' 1589804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Ulrich''' (alizaliwa 1945) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Barbara katika filamu ya mwaka 1964 ''The Cat in the Bag (Le Chat dans le sac)''.<ref>Herbert Aronoff, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montreal-star/181696242/ "At the film festival: 'Chat dans le sac'"]. ''[[Montreal Star]]'', August 10, 1964.</ref><ref name=tremblay>Régis Tremblay, "Nouvelle vague d'hier". ''[[Le Soleil (Quebec)|Le Soleil]]'', December 1, 1999.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1945|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6rmryhf6dmep5sjb318sz5yxmo71szh 0 246167 1589805 2026-08-21T07:57:19Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martín Gastón Demichelis''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [maɾˈtin demiˈtʃelis]; alizaliwa [[20 Desemba]] [[1980]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka na [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] ambaye ni kocha mkuu wa RB Leipzig. Akiwa mchezaji, Demichelis alikuwa beki wa kati, lakini pia aliweza kucheza kama kiungo mkabaji. Alianza taaluma yake ya soka nchini Argentina akiwa na River Plate. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika [[Bayern Munich]] ya [[Ujerumani]], ambako alicheza kwa kipindi cha miaka saba na nusu. Akiwa na Bayern Munich, alishinda mataji 11 makubwa, yakiwemo mataji manne ya [[Bundesliga]]. == Kazi ya klabu == === River Plate === Demichelis alizaliwa huko Justiniano Posse, katika [[jimbo]] la Córdoba, Argentina. Alianza kucheza soka la kulipwa mwaka 2001 akiwa na [[klabu]] ya River Plate ya Buenos Aires, baada ya kujiunga na mfumo wa akademi ya vijana wa klabu hiyo miaka mitatu iliyotangulia. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa, na pia katika Ligi Daraja la Kwanza ya Argentina, tarehe 2 Septemba 2001 katika mchezo dhidi ya Estudiantes. Alifunga bao lake pekee akiwa na River Plate katika mchezo dhidi ya Rosario Central.<ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8607.html</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12064/Martin_Demichelis.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} n8ubmv1igtpn22qlgsxdva11ib2afq9 0 246168 1589806 2026-08-21T08:00:51Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stephanie Louise Vallance''' (alizaliwa [[8 Septemba]], [[1958]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Stevie Vallance''', na pia alitajwa kama '''Louise Vallance''' katika miaka ya 1970-90, ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye amefanya kazi katika filamu na mfululizo mbalimbali ya televisheni, ya uigizaji halisi na uhuishaji.<ref name="acting">{{Cite web|url=http://studylib.net/doc/7749682/stevie-vallance--director--vocalist--actor--host--p...' 1589806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephanie Louise Vallance''' (alizaliwa [[8 Septemba]], [[1958]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Stevie Vallance''', na pia alitajwa kama '''Louise Vallance''' katika miaka ya 1970-90, ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye amefanya kazi katika filamu na mfululizo mbalimbali ya televisheni, ya uigizaji halisi na uhuishaji.<ref name="acting">{{Cite web|url=http://studylib.net/doc/7749682/stevie-vallance--director--vocalist--actor--host--producer|title=Stevie Vallance: Producer, Director, Actor, Singer|publisher=Stevie Vallance|work=studylib.net|accessdate=January 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/5996657/|title=The Paris News from Paris, Texas|date=February 1, 1980|newspaper=Newspapers.com|language=en|access-date=2017-01-25}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LoOa2gSwFmQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/LoOa2gSwFmQ| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title="The Wonder Of It All"|language=en|time=1:24:55}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] gwve3vssiqtoumekn6q5nkl3e33nz3z 0 246169 1589807 2026-08-21T08:03:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezequiel Iván “Pocho” Lavezzi''' (alizaliwa [[3 Mei]] [[1985]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Katika kipindi cha maisha yake ya [[soka]], sifa zake kuu zilikuwa kasi, bidii katika uchezaji, ustadi wa kucheza mpira, ubunifu na uwezo mkubwa wa kupiga chenga. Ingawa mara nyingi alicheza kama winga, wakati mwingine pia alitumika kama mshambuliaji wa pili au kiungo mshambuliaji. == Kazi ya klabu == === Estudiantes (BA) === Lavezzi alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa Estudiantes (BA) mwaka 2003. Katika msimu mmoja aliocheza katika [[klabu]] hiyo, alicheza michezo 39 na kufunga mabao 17. === San Lorenzo === Akiwa anajulikana kwa jina la utani “El Pocho” (yaani “Mnenepa”), Lavezzi alinunuliwa na klabu ya [[Italia]] Genoa mwaka 2004 kwa ada ya euro [[milioni]] 1. Hata hivyo, mara moja alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Argentina San Lorenzo. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 19, alishiriki katika mashindano ya Apertura 2004, ambapo alifunga mabao 8 katika msimu huo na kumaliza akiwa mfungaji wa nne bora.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110605101142/http://www.futbolpunto.com/jugadores/Ezequiel-Ivan-Lavezzi</ref><ref>https://www.futbol360.com.ar/jugadores/argentina/lavezzi-ezequiel/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} k1j43lggbmllw6wae4qs5lbthixxft4 0 246170 1589808 2026-08-21T08:04:41Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jo Vannicola''' (alizaliwa [[1968]]), ambaye awali alijulikana kama '''Joanne Vannicola''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref name=derby>"Montreal native keeps her seat in Derby movie". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', 15 June 1995.</ref><ref name="helen-vannicola-obituary">{{cite web | url=https://www.legacy.com/ca/obituaries/theglobeandmail/name/helen-vannicola-obituary?id=41744157 | title=Helen Vannicola Obituary | website=[[Legacy.com]] | access-date=Augus...' 1589808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jo Vannicola''' (alizaliwa [[1968]]), ambaye awali alijulikana kama '''Joanne Vannicola''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref name=derby>"Montreal native keeps her seat in Derby movie". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', 15 June 1995.</ref><ref name="helen-vannicola-obituary">{{cite web | url=https://www.legacy.com/ca/obituaries/theglobeandmail/name/helen-vannicola-obituary?id=41744157 | title=Helen Vannicola Obituary | website=[[Legacy.com]] | access-date=August 20, 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] f2opi69vq2724ex75222ebv9w2esdx4 0 246171 1589809 2026-08-21T08:08:33Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marie-Aline Joyal''' (alizaliwa [[29 Mei]], [[1962]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Chloé Sainte-Marie''', ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[Kanada]], na msemaji rasmi wa mtandao wa walezi wa asili huko [[Quebec]].<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/health/Emotional+hommage+Gilles+Carle/2308763/story.html Emotional Homage to Gilles Carle] ''[[The Montreal Gazette]]''. Retrieved on February 19, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.amazonefi...' 1589809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Aline Joyal''' (alizaliwa [[29 Mei]], [[1962]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Chloé Sainte-Marie''', ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[Kanada]], na msemaji rasmi wa mtandao wa walezi wa asili huko [[Quebec]].<ref>[https://montrealgazette.com/health/Emotional+hommage+Gilles+Carle/2308763/story.html Emotional Homage to Gilles Carle] ''[[The Montreal Gazette]]''. Retrieved on February 19, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.amazonefilm.com/movies/gillescarle.html Amazone Film]. Retrieved on March 24, 2010.</ref><ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2206713/prix-quebec-celine-galipeau-france-castel "Prix du Québec 2025 : Céline Galipeau et France Castel parmi les lauréats"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], November 10, 2025.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1962|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] q1n196m8pw1nk181en59dd9ur5h18xg 0 246172 1589811 2026-08-21T08:09:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudio Paul Caniggia''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [ˈklawðjo kaˈnixja, - kaˈniʝa]; alizaliwa [[9 Januari]] [[1967]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] au winga. Alianza taaluma yake ya soka nchini Argentina akiwa na River Plate, ambako alishinda ubingwa wa ligi mara moja katika msimu wa 1985–86. Mwaka 1988, alihamia [[Italia]], ambako alitumia miaka sita iliyofuata akichezea Hellas Verona, Atalanta na Roma. Katika kipindi hicho, alifunga mabao 44 katika michezo 155 ya mashindano rasmi. == Kazi ya klabu == Katika ngazi ya klabu, Caniggia aliwahi kuchezea [[klabu]] mbalimbali katika nchi tofauti: * River Plate: 1985–1988 * Hellas Verona: [[1988]]–1989 * Atalanta: 1989–1992 na 1999–2000 * Roma: 1992–1993 * Benfica: 1994–1995 * Boca Juniors: 1995–1998 * Dundee: [[2000]]–2001 * Rangers: 2001–2003 Caniggia alikuja kuwa mchezaji mashuhuri na kipenzi cha mashabiki katika klabu kadhaa alizochezea. Kwa mfano, mwaka 2003 alifunga dhidi ya Dunfermline, bao lililosaidia Rangers kushinda [[taji]] la ligi.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/13481/Claudio_Caniggia.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfa.com.ar/jugadores-CLAUDIO-PAUL-CANIGGIA-1782.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5vx1pkank4tw8sv01xbnpke33xnjq6f 0 246173 1589813 2026-08-21T08:11:47Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joanne Sarazen''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi mwenza pamoja na Sook-Yin Lee wa filamu ya mwaka 2024 ''Paying for It'', ambayo waliishinda Canadian Screen Award ya Uandishi Bora wa Filamu Uliobadilishwa katika 13th Canadian Screen Awards mwaka 2025.<ref>"Play debating merits of procreation opens in Nanaimo". ''Nanaimo News Bulletin'', February 27, 2020.</ref><ref name=fdq2025>Charles-Henri Ramond, [ht...' 1589813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joanne Sarazen''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi mwenza pamoja na Sook-Yin Lee wa filamu ya mwaka 2024 ''Paying for It'', ambayo waliishinda Canadian Screen Award ya Uandishi Bora wa Filamu Uliobadilishwa katika 13th Canadian Screen Awards mwaka 2025.<ref>"Play debating merits of procreation opens in Nanaimo". ''Nanaimo News Bulletin'', February 27, 2020.</ref><ref name=fdq2025>Charles-Henri Ramond, [https://www.filmsquebec.com/ecrans-canadiens-2025-nominations/ "Écrans canadiens 2025: les nominations"]. ''Films du Québec'', March 27, 2025.</ref><ref>Tanya Foubert, "Banff Pride a success, but no flag flown". ''[[Rocky Mountain Outlook]]'', October 30, 2014.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] k3wnx47xn7zul3j9cc696fjmvc30152 0 246174 1589814 2026-08-21T08:15:36Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michele Scarabelli''' (alizaliwa [[11 Aprili]], [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama mgeni wa Tenctonese Susan Francisco katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa kubuni wa kisayansi wa Fox Network ''Alien Nation (TV series)'' na filamu tano za televisheni zilizofuata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michele Scarabelli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6666dba |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/202301282...' 1589814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michele Scarabelli''' (alizaliwa [[11 Aprili]], [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama mgeni wa Tenctonese Susan Francisco katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa kubuni wa kisayansi wa Fox Network ''Alien Nation (TV series)'' na filamu tano za televisheni zilizofuata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michele Scarabelli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6666dba |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128234920/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6666dba|archive-date=January 28, 2023 |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] kye1fwcely0ibvegme78cz9xyp3rk3c 1589884 1589814 2026-08-21T10:27:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michele Scarabelli''' (alizaliwa [[11 Aprili]], [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama mgeni wa Tenctonese Susan Francisco katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa kubuni wa kisayansi wa Fox Network ''Alien Nation (TV series)'' na filamu tano za televisheni zilizofuata.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Michele Scarabelli |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6666dba |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128234920/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6666dba|archive-date=January 28, 2023 |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=BFI |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] phcdxn1jvg3rku8rcr81i7my70bunoa 0 246175 1589815 2026-08-21T08:16:15Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicolás Andrés Burdisso''' (alizaliwa [[12 Aprili]] [[1981]]) ni mkurugenzi wa michezo wa [[Argentina]] na [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki wa kati. Burdisso alianza taaluma yake ya soka katika Boca Juniors, ambako alishinda mataji ya Ligi ya Argentina, Copa Libertadores mara tatu, na Intercontinental Cup mara mbili. Mwaka 2004, alihamia klabu ya [[Italia]] Inter Milan, ambako alishinda mataji manne ya Serie A, Coppa Italia na Supercoppa Italiana. Mwaka 2009, alihamia [[Roma]], na baadaye akachezea Genoa na Torino. == Kazi ya klabu == === Boca Juniors === Burdisso ni zao la mfumo wa vijana wa Boca Juniors nchini Argentina. Alianza taaluma yake ya [[soka]] la kulipwa akiwa na klabu hiyo mwaka 1999, akiwa na umri wa miaka 18. Akiwa na Boca Juniors, alishinda: * Mataji mawili ya Ligi ya Argentina: Apertura 2000 na Apertura 2003 * Copa Libertadores mara tatu: 2000, 2001 na 2003 * Intercontinental Cup mara mbili: 2000 na 2003 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/299/Nicolas_Burdisso.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190412113501/https://www.inter.it/en/news/58167/nicolas-andres-burdisso-the-warrior-spirit</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} sx0cjsod3stobtexnmvtuus3ysw0h1j 0 246176 1589816 2026-08-21T08:19:07Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Athole Dane Shearer Hawks''' (amezaliwa [[20 Novemba]], [[1900]] – amefariki [[17 Machi]], [[1985]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mshiriki wa tabaka la juu wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]], ambaye alikuwa dada wa nyota wa filamu Norma Shearer na mhandisi wa sauti za filamu wa Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM, Douglas Shearer.<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|date=2001|title=The Film Encyclopedia|edition=fourth revised by Fred Klein and Ronald Dean N...' 1589816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Athole Dane Shearer Hawks''' (amezaliwa [[20 Novemba]], [[1900]] – amefariki [[17 Machi]], [[1985]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mshiriki wa tabaka la juu wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]], ambaye alikuwa dada wa nyota wa filamu Norma Shearer na mhandisi wa sauti za filamu wa Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM, Douglas Shearer.<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|date=2001|title=The Film Encyclopedia|edition=fourth revised by Fred Klein and Ronald Dean Nolan|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.|page=1247|isbn=0-06-273755-4}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930010631/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/175578%7C41469/Douglas-Shearer/#family-companions "Douglas Shearer"], biographical profile, [[Turner Classic Movies]] (TCM), Turner Broadcasting System, a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc. New York, N.Y. Retrieved August 24, 2018.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1900|1985}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9n0qsrdz24qiuqtxgtz96bd77nrbro4 0 246177 1589817 2026-08-21T08:25:55Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edith Norma Shearer''' (amezaliwa [[11 Agosti]], [[1902]] - amefariki [[12 Juni]], [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika filamu kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1942. Shearer mara nyingi alicheza nafasi za wanawake wenye msimamo, wanaojitegemea kingono. Alionekana katika filamu zilizotokana na kazi za Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, na William Shakespeare, na alikuwa mwigizaji wa kwanza kuteuliwa mara tano kwa Tuzo za...' 1589817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Norma Shearer''' (amezaliwa [[11 Agosti]], [[1902]] - amefariki [[12 Juni]], [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika filamu kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1942. Shearer mara nyingi alicheza nafasi za wanawake wenye msimamo, wanaojitegemea kingono. Alionekana katika filamu zilizotokana na kazi za Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, na William Shakespeare, na alikuwa mwigizaji wa kwanza kuteuliwa mara tano kwa Tuzo za Academy, huku akiteuliwa mara sita kwa jumla, na kushinda tuzo moja ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike kwa filamu ''The Divorcee'' (1930).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shen|first1=Ann|title=Bad Girls Throughout History: 100 Remarkable Women Who Changed the World|date=2016|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-5702-3|page=117}}</ref><ref>Shipman, David. ''The Great Movie Stars: The Golden Years''. [[Crown Publishers]], 1970. p. 487-492</ref><ref name="Alt">{{cite web|last1=Soares|first1=Andre|title=Norma Shearer: 'Queen of MGM' & 'Liberated Woman'|url=http://www.altfg.com/film/norma-shearer/|website=Alt Film Guide|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=January 9, 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1902|1983}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] g9h555q7bgh1sa0ccs20uon2vtgqs4r 0 246178 1589818 2026-08-21T08:28:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cristian Gabriel “Cuti” Romero''' (alizaliwa [[27 Aprili]] [[1998]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Argentina]] anayecheza kama beki wa kati katika klabu ya Atlético Madrid ya La Liga na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Baada ya kupitia mfumo wa vijana, Romero alianza kucheza soka la wakubwa mwaka 2016 akiwa na Belgrano. Mwaka 2018, alihamia [[Italia]] na kujiunga na Genoa. Msimu uliofuata, [[Juventus]] ilimnunua. == Kazi ya klabu == === Belgrano === Baada ya kujiunga na timu ya vijana ya Belgrano mwaka [[2014]], Romero alipandishwa katika kikosi cha kwanza cha [[klabu]] hiyo iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligi Daraja la Kwanza ya Argentina mwaka 2016. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza tarehe 28 Agosti 2016 katika mchezo wa ligi dhidi ya Independiente. Mwezi mmoja baadaye, Romero alicheza katika michezo yote miwili ya Belgrano katika hatua ya 16 bora ya Copa Sudamericana 2016, ambayo yote iliisha kwa sare dhidi ya Coritiba. Katika misimu yake miwili akiwa katika kikosi cha kwanza cha Belgrano, Romero alicheza [[michezo]] 19 katika mashindano yote.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190712183711/https://www.juventus.com/it/news/news/2019/romero--gli-accordi-con-il-genoa.php</ref><ref>https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/992169/romero-signs-from-atalanta</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 2mp1unomuwtjzargstm98616ous0cd2 0 246179 1589819 2026-08-21T08:33:00Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Madeleine Sherwood''' (amezaliwa '''Madeleine Louise Hélène Thornton'''; [[13 Novemba]], [[1922]] – amefariki [[23 Aprili]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa jukwaani, filamu na televisheni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/madeleine-sherwood-dead-at-93| title=Actress Madeleine Sherwood Dead at 93| last=Matthews| first=Liam| journal=[[TV Guide]]| date=April 25, 2016| access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cit...' 1589819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madeleine Sherwood''' (amezaliwa '''Madeleine Louise Hélène Thornton'''; [[13 Novemba]], [[1922]] – amefariki [[23 Aprili]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa jukwaani, filamu na televisheni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/madeleine-sherwood-dead-at-93| title=Actress Madeleine Sherwood Dead at 93| last=Matthews| first=Liam| journal=[[TV Guide]]| date=April 25, 2016| access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news| title=Madeleine Sherwood, 93, Actress on Stage, Film and 'Flying Nun,' Dies| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/27/arts/madeleine-sherwood-93-actress-on-the-flying-nun-stage-and-screen-dies.html| last=Roberts| first=Sam| date=April 26, 2016| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| accessdate=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1922|2016}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] h5cmmjwioiz4prclp25ci2fzovqc1qf 0 246180 1589821 2026-08-21T08:34:57Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miguel Ángel Brindisi de Marco''' (alizaliwa [[8 Oktoba]] [[1950]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka na [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]]. Akiwa mchezaji, alikuwa akicheza kama kiungo [[mshambuliaji]]. Aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Argentina katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA la 1974. == Kazi ya ukocha == Brindisi alianza kazi yake ya ukocha mwaka 1986 akiwa kocha mkuu wa Club Alumni de Villa María. Klabu yake iliyofuata ilikuwa CSD Municipal ya Guatemala, ambayo aliiongoza kushinda ubingwa wa Liga Nacional de Guatemala mwaka 1987 na 1988. Baadaye, Brindisi alichukua jukumu la kuinoa Barcelona Sporting Club ya [[Ecuador]]. Akiwa kocha wa klabu hiyo, aliiongoza kushinda ubingwa wa kitaifa mwaka 1989 na 1991, na pia akafikisha timu hiyo katika [[fainali]] ya Copa Libertadores mwaka 1990.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18617/Miguel_Angel_Brindisi.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025157/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=290</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} bxcmhyh7o26876svmsyrijyp6zqf96w 0 246181 1589822 2026-08-21T08:36:02Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karen Simpson''' (amezaliwa [[14 Novemba]], [[1975]]) ni mwigizaji na mbunifu wa mitindo wa [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. Mwaka 1998, alianzisha kwa pamoja Ritual Designs, kampuni ya Kanada inayotengeneza corset na mavazi ya mitindo.<ref>[http://www.purethemovie.com Pure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203113850/http://www.purethemovie.com/ |date=2005-02-03 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2...' 1589822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karen Simpson''' (amezaliwa [[14 Novemba]], [[1975]]) ni mwigizaji na mbunifu wa mitindo wa [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. Mwaka 1998, alianzisha kwa pamoja Ritual Designs, kampuni ya Kanada inayotengeneza corset na mavazi ya mitindo.<ref>[http://www.purethemovie.com Pure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050203113850/http://www.purethemovie.com/ |date=2005-02-03 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2003/120403/hcdbg1.html Montreal Mirror]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] az4x1lw5opd6jmmngc4slraeu8ppm3d 0 246182 1589824 2026-08-21T08:38:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christine Solomon''' (alizaliwa [[13 Februari]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Misri]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Solomon alizaliwa [[Cairo]]; familia yake ilihamia [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 7. Alianza kupendezwa na uigizaji wakati wa utoto wake.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| last=Sabin| first=Angie| title=Q & A with Christine Solomon|url=https://www.socialmagazine.us/solomon/|access-date=2021-02-26|language=en}...' 1589824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Solomon''' (alizaliwa [[13 Februari]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Misri]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Solomon alizaliwa [[Cairo]]; familia yake ilihamia [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 7. Alianza kupendezwa na uigizaji wakati wa utoto wake.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web| last=Sabin| first=Angie| title=Q & A with Christine Solomon|url=https://www.socialmagazine.us/solomon/|access-date=2021-02-26|language=en}}</ref><ref name="prlog.org">{{cite web|date=2017-01-23|title='The Quest Trilogy' by CDI Set to Come Full Circle|url=https://www.prlog.org/12614897-the-quest-trilogy-by-cdi-set-to-come-full-circle.html|accessdate=2017-01-23|publisher=prlog.org}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 4fl90fh38ys45qntrwc4opxu6x5me7g 0 246183 1589825 2026-08-21T08:40:22Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leopoldo Jacinto Luque''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [leoˈpoldo xaˈsinto ˈluke]; [[3 Mei]] [[1949]] – [[15 Februari]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa kulipwa wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama mshambuliaji wa kati. Alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa washambuliaji bora kuwahi kuiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Argentina kilichoshinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1978. == Kazi ya klabu == Katika kipindi cha kazi yake ya soka kilichoanzia 1972 hadi 1984, Luque alichezea klabu mbalimbali za Argentina, zikiwemo Unión de Santa Fe, Rosario Central, River Plate, Racing Club de Avellaneda na Chacarita Juniors. Tarehe 22 Februari 1976, Luque alifunga mabao yote matano katika mchezo ambao [[timu]] yake, River Plate, iliifunga San Lorenzo de Almagro kwa mabao 5–1.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18618/Leopoldo_Luque.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025257/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=356</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} gmgw3qlbn71s1853q6rz6soycf626he 0 246184 1589826 2026-08-21T08:41:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Linda Sorgini''' (alizaliwa [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi hasa huko [[Quebec]].<ref name=cte>Gaetan Charlebois, [https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Sorgini%2C%20Linda "Sorgini, Linda"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', October 25, 2021.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 1983 ''[[The Tin Flute (film)|The Tin Flute]] (Bonheur d'occasion)'', ambapo aliteuliwa kwa [[Genie Award]] katika k...' 1589826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Sorgini''' (alizaliwa [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi hasa huko [[Quebec]].<ref name=cte>Gaetan Charlebois, [https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Sorgini%2C%20Linda "Sorgini, Linda"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', October 25, 2021.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 1983 ''[[The Tin Flute (film)|The Tin Flute]] (Bonheur d'occasion)'', ambapo aliteuliwa kwa [[Genie Award]] katika kitengo cha [[Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi]] katika [[5th Genie Awards]] mwaka 1984.<ref>[[Jay Scott]], "11 nominations for Chapdelaine in Genie race". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 10, 1984.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] mu5z8sbxjjyqn5pl8dwv42mk9due6yk 1589827 1589826 2026-08-21T08:43:13Z Christina Charles 71406 1589827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Sorgini''' (alizaliwa [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi hasa huko [[Quebec]].<ref name=cte>Gaetan Charlebois, [https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Sorgini%2C%20Linda "Sorgini, Linda"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', October 25, 2021.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 1983 ''The Tin Flute (Bonheur d'occasion)'', ambapo aliteuliwa kwa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi katika 5th Genie Awards mwaka 1984.<ref>[[Jay Scott]], "11 nominations for Chapdelaine in Genie race". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 10, 1984.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] htimaxmuwt3cigo3wkbmbmmxljqcify 0 246185 1589828 2026-08-21T08:45:45Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Catherine Souffront''', ambaye wakati mwingine pia hutajwa kama '''Catherine Souffront Darbouze''', ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake za kudumu kama Mylène Rancourt katika ''L'Œil du cyclone'' na Myrlande Prospère katika ''Lakay Nou''.<ref name=7jours>Patrick Delisle-Crevier, [https://www.7jours.ca/2026/01/08/pres-de-deux-ans-damour-pour-catherine-souffront "Près de deux ans d’amo...' 1589828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Souffront''', ambaye wakati mwingine pia hutajwa kama '''Catherine Souffront Darbouze''', ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Quebec]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake za kudumu kama Mylène Rancourt katika ''L'Œil du cyclone'' na Myrlande Prospère katika ''Lakay Nou''.<ref name=7jours>Patrick Delisle-Crevier, [https://www.7jours.ca/2026/01/08/pres-de-deux-ans-damour-pour-catherine-souffront "Près de deux ans d’amour pour Catherine Souffront"]. ''7 Jours'', January 8, 2026.</ref><ref name=cote>Émilie Côté, [https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/television/2022-04-25/catherine-souffront/la-possibilite-de-changer-de-track.php "La possibilité de « changer de track »"]. ''[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]'', April 25, 2022.</ref><ref>Geneviève Bouchard, [https://www.lesoleil.com/2022/11/24/une-recette-connue-au-gout-du-jour-dans-23-decembre-video-2d55abbc82d5a642e0c37068413f623c "Une recette connue au goût du jour dans 23 décembre"]. ''[[Le Soleil (Quebec)|Le Soleil]]'', November 24, 2022.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] dfwp3jbd5xtyb916ysxsczrm6zeme1p 0 246186 1589829 2026-08-21T08:46:37Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcelo Daniel Gallardo''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [maɾˈselo ɣaˈʝaɾðo]; alizaliwa [[18 Januari]] [[1976]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka na [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]]. Akiwa mchezaji, Gallardo alikuwa akicheza kama kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] na playmaker (mchezaji mwenye jukumu la kuunda mashambulizi). Alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kuona mchezo, ustadi wa kucheza [[mpira]], umahiri, kupiga chenga, na hasa pasi zake zilizopenya safu ya ulinzi ya wapinzani. == Kazi ya klabu == === Miaka ya mwanzo na misimu yake ya kwanza akiwa River Plate === Gallardo alizaliwa katika [[eneo]] la Parque San Martín, katika Merlo Partido, eneo la Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Alikuwa [[mtoto]] wa Máximo Gallardo, aliyefanya kazi ya ujenzi, na Ana María (née Maidana), aliyefanya kazi katika makazi ya wazee. Gallardo alianza kucheza [[mpira wa miguu]] akiwa na umri wa takribani miaka 10, katika klabu za mitaani za Once Colegiales na Nahuel zilizokuwa katika eneo lao.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/333/Marcelo_Gallardo.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ijxybz7gy0jiqc9fcbd7d9uw51yo6f8 0 246187 1589830 2026-08-21T08:53:20Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Monique Spaziani''' (amezaliwa [[16 Desemba]], [[1957]], huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Ameteuliwa mara tatu kwa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike, akipokea uteuzi katika 3rd Genie Awards mwaka 1982 kwa ''Happy Memories (Les Beaux souvenirs)'',<ref>"Les Plouffe, Ticket to Heaven lead the pack Academy lists Genie nominees". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 4, 1982.</ref> katika 7th Genie Awards mwak...' 1589830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monique Spaziani''' (amezaliwa [[16 Desemba]], [[1957]], huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Ameteuliwa mara tatu kwa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike, akipokea uteuzi katika 3rd Genie Awards mwaka 1982 kwa ''Happy Memories (Les Beaux souvenirs)'',<ref>"Les Plouffe, Ticket to Heaven lead the pack Academy lists Genie nominees". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 4, 1982.</ref> katika 7th Genie Awards mwaka 1986 kwa ''The Alley Cat(Le Matou)''<ref>"Scorecard of major nominees for tonight's Genie Awards on TV". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', March 20, 1986.</ref> na katika 10th Genie Awards mwaka 1989 kwa ''The Revolving Doors (Les Portes tournantes)''.<ref>Anna Bazarna, [https://fr.legit.ng/celebrites/1450834-emmanuel-bilodeau-decouvrez-la-famille-de-lhumoriste-populaire/ "Emmanuel Bilodeau: découvrez la famille de l'humoriste populaire"]. ''Legit'', January 12, 2022.</ref><ref>Michèle Lemieux, [https://www.7jours.ca/2021/11/15/philomene-bilodeau-suit-les-traces-de-ses-parents "Philomène Bilodeau suit les traces de ses parents"]. ''7 Jours'', November 15, 2021.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 1gd8b56hk6xqxlbz40jynckzjxgvkn8 0 246188 1589831 2026-08-21T08:54:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergio Javier Goycochea''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [ˈseɾxjo xaˈβjeɾ ɣojkoˈtʃea]; alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama kipa. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mchango wake katika kuisaidia Argentina kufika [[fainali]] ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA la 1990, hasa kutokana na kuokoa mipira ya [[penalti]] katika hatua za mtoano. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Goycochea alikuwa kipa wa akiba wa Nery Pumpido katika River Plate na pia katika timu ya taifa ya Argentina. Alipata nafasi kubwa katika Kombe la Dunia la [[FIFA]] la 1990. Pumpido alipovunjika [[mguu]] katika mchezo wa pili wa hatua ya makundi wa Argentina dhidi ya Umoja wa Kisovieti, Goycochea aliingia uwanjani kuchukua nafasi yake. Kuanzia hapo, aliendelea kuwa [[kipa]] wa kwanza wa Argentina hadi mwisho wa [[mashindano]] hayo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120217215906/http://www.futbolxxi.com/Futbolista.aspx?ID=5304&SEOFutbolista=Goycochea+Sergio+Javier</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/14938/Sergio_Goycoechea.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1863]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} rpu3mv9p3ejuxq6kyzmjowqcpe0dvk2 0 246189 1589832 2026-08-21T08:57:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tara Spencer-Nairn''' (amezaliwa [[6 Januari]], [[1978]]) ni [[Mkanada]] | [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Corner Gas''. ==Maisha ya awali== Spencer-Nairn alizaliwa Januari 6, 1978.<ref>{{cite web |website=AskMen.com |title=Tara Spencer-Nairn |url=http://www.askmen.com/women/celeb_profiles_actress/14_tara_spencer_nairn.html| accessdate=April 16, 2018|archive-date=November 1, 2007 |archive-...' 1589832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tara Spencer-Nairn''' (amezaliwa [[6 Januari]], [[1978]]) ni [[Mkanada]] | [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Corner Gas''. ==Maisha ya awali== Spencer-Nairn alizaliwa Januari 6, 1978.<ref>{{cite web |website=AskMen.com |title=Tara Spencer-Nairn |url=http://www.askmen.com/women/celeb_profiles_actress/14_tara_spencer_nairn.html| accessdate=April 16, 2018|archive-date=November 1, 2007 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071101030214/http://www.askmen.com/women/celeb_profiles_actress/14_tara_spencer_nairn.html }}</ref><ref name=mail>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/tara-spencer-nairn-loves-a-role-in-uniform/article565351/ |title=Tara Spencer-Nairn loves a role in uniform |first=Andrew |last=Ryan |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=2011-02-07 |accessdate=2018-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222111509/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/tara-spencer-nairn-loves-a-role-in-uniform/article565351/ |archive-date=2017-02-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] t1p3d63vysqm425nt553dux5r9ady52 0 246190 1589833 2026-08-21T08:59:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Salomón''' ([[9 Julai]] [[1916]] – [[22 Januari]] [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki. Alicheza soka la klabu katika Talleres de Remedios de Escalada na Racing Club de Avellaneda, na pia aliwahi kuwa [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Salomón alianza kazi yake ya soka mwaka 1934 katika klabu ya Talleres. Baadaye, alihamia Avellaneda na kujiunga na Racing Club, ambako alicheza kuanzia 1939 hadi 1945. == Mafanikio == === Racing === * Copa de Competencia: 1945 === Argentina === * Copa América: 1941, 1945 * Copa Lipton: 1942, 1945 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18619/Jose_Salomon.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} duufkgbmwm087to0ciqroaosywsq94w 0 246191 1589834 2026-08-21T09:00:26Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Sonia Vigneault dans 《La souricière d'Agatha Chrisitie》.jpg|thumb|Sonia Vigneault]] '''Sonia Vigneault''' ni [[Mfaransa]] - [[Mkanada]] [[mwigizaji]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Montreal]]. Ameigiza katika vipindi kadhaa vya televisheni na [filamu]], vikiwemo ''Mogadon 7'', ''Bouscotte'', ''Zigrail'' na ''Providence (Canadian TV series)|Providence''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montrealexpress.ca/article-245720-Providence-petits-et-gra...' 1589834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sonia Vigneault dans 《La souricière d'Agatha Chrisitie》.jpg|thumb|Sonia Vigneault]] '''Sonia Vigneault''' ni [[Mfaransa]] - [[Mkanada]] [[mwigizaji]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Montreal]]. Ameigiza katika vipindi kadhaa vya televisheni na [filamu]], vikiwemo ''Mogadon 7'', ''Bouscotte'', ''Zigrail'' na ''Providence (Canadian TV series)|Providence''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montrealexpress.ca/article-245720-Providence-petits-et-grands-drames-dune-famille-bourgeoise-de-la-campagne.html|title=Providence: petits et grands drames d'une...|date=3 September 2008|work=Montreal Express|accessdate=20 July 2010}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] e17dbjf0g5c83wh29hvr8dyi1ic5khk 0 246192 1589835 2026-08-21T09:03:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Heinz Georg Baus''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 25]], [[1934]] – Alifariki [[Mei 10]], [[2016]]<ref name="spiegel">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/baushaus-gruender-heinz-georg-baus-gestorben-a-1093111.html|publisher=spiegel.de|title=Baushaus-Gründer Heinz Georg Baus gestorben - SPIEGEL ONLINE|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmiliki wa msururu wa maduka ya uboresh...' 1589835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heinz Georg Baus''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 25]], [[1934]] – Alifariki [[Mei 10]], [[2016]]<ref name="spiegel">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/baushaus-gruender-heinz-georg-baus-gestorben-a-1093111.html|publisher=spiegel.de|title=Baushaus-Gründer Heinz Georg Baus gestorben - SPIEGEL ONLINE|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmiliki wa msururu wa maduka ya uboreshaji wa nyumba ''Bauhaus AG''. Mnamo Machi [[2016]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 3.8<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Heinz-Georg Baus |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/heinz-georg-baus/ |website=Forbes|date=1 March 2016}}</ref> . == Maisha na Kazi == Baus alizaliwa [[Heidelberg]], Ujerumani tarehe [[Februari 25]], [[1934]] na alikulia Schriesheim katika mkoa wa [[Baden-Württemberg|Baden]]<ref name="munzinger">{{cite web|url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Heinz+Georg+Baus/0/29821.html|publisher=munzinger.de|title=Heinz Georg Baus - Munzinger Biographie|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>Obituary, [[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]], 21 May 2016, p. 34.</ref>. Wazazi wake, Georg na Katharina Baus, waliendesha warsha ya useremala huko, ambapo alimaliza uanagenzi kama seremala na glazia. Baadaye alifunzwa kama mekanika wa uingizaji hewa na alihitimu kutoka shule ya juu ya biashara. Baus alifunzwa kama seremala<ref name="munzinger1">{{cite web |url=https://www.munzinger.de/register/portrait/biographien/heinz+georg+baus/00/29821 |title=Heinz Georg Baus |website=Munzinger Online/Personen |access-date=19 January 2026 |language=de }}</ref>. Wakati wa safari yake nchini Marekani alijua mwenendo unaoibuka wa "fanya mwenyewe" (do-it-yourself)<ref name="Freytag">{{cite news |last=Freytag |first=Bernd |title=Baus Haus |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung – Magazin |date=10 November 2018 |issn=1612-0701 |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/stil/mode-design/bauhaus-brachte-in-den-sechzigern-ein-neues-modell-fuer-heimwerker-nach-deutschlad-15862782.html |language=de }}</ref>. Akiwa amehamasishwa na maduka ya kwanza ya uboreshaji wa nyumba ya [[Marekani]], alianzisha ''Bauhaus Gesellschaft für Bau- und Hausbedarf'' pamoja na baba yake mwaka [[1959]] na akafungua duka la kwanza la kujihudumia la Bauhaus tarehe [[Aprili 9]], [[1960]]. Duka lililoko katika mraba wa U3 huko [[Mannheim]] linachukuliwa kuwa duka la kwanza la DIY nchini Ujerumani<ref name="Bengelsdorf2020">{{cite journal |last=Bengelsdorf |first=Joachim |title=Mysterium Bauhaus |journal=diy Fachmagazin für die Baumarkt- und Gartenbranche |issue=11/2020 |year=2020 |url=https://www.diyonline.de/d/diy/2020/11-2020/mysterium-bauhaus.html |language=de }}</ref>. Miaka mitano baadaye alifungua tawi la pili huko Heidelberg. Maduka mengine yalifuata awali katika eneo la Rhine-Neckar na baadaye kote Ujerumani, ikiwemo [[Berlin]] Magharibi. Kufikia mwaka [[1970]], msururu huo ulikuwa umekua hadi maduka kumi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baumarktmanager.de/die-anfaenge-der-baumarktszene-25092017 |title=Die Anfänge der Baumarktszene |website=BaumarktManager |publisher=RM Rudolf Müller Medien GmbH & Co. KG |date=25 September 2017 |language=de }}</ref>. Mwaka [[1969]], Baus alihamisha makao makuu ya kampuni na makazi yake hadi [[Uswisi]]. Kampuni ya mwenyeji ya Bauhaus ilianzisha makao yake makuu huko Zug, huku Baus akihamia Thun katika Kantoni ya Bern. Baadaye aliishi na familia yake kwa miaka kadhaa huko [[Monako]]. Kuanzia mwaka [[1970]] na kuendelea, Baus aliongoza kampuni inayomilikiwa na familia kama mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi wa ''Interbauhaus AG''<ref name="65Jahre">Céline Baus; Bernd Baus (eds.): ''65 Jahre BAUHAUS''. 2025. ISBN 978-3-200-10403-7.</ref><ref name="zeit">{{cite news |last=Lütge |first=Gunhild |title=Max Bahr. Zertrümmert. |work=Die Zeit |issue=50/2013 |url=https://www.zeit.de/2013/50/max-bahr-baumarkt-insolvenz/komplettansicht |language=de }}</ref>. Usimamizi wa kila siku wa shughuli, hata hivyo, uliendelea kuongozwa kutoka Mannheim. Katika miongo iliyofuata Baus ilikuwa kampuni ya kimataifa. Kuanzia mwaka [[1972]], alianzisha matawi na kampuni tanzu nyingi za kitaifa, awali nchini [[Austria]] na baadaye katika nchi kadhaa za [[Ulaya Magharibi]] na [[Skandinavia]] na pia katika Ulaya ya Kusini-mashariki. Akiwa amehamasishwa na muuzaji wa Marekani ''The Home Depot'', aliongeza kiambishi "The Home Store" kwenye matawi ya kampuni yake mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990, jina ambalo lilibaki kutumika hadi uamuzi wa mahakama mwaka [[2007]] kufuatia amri ya mahakama. Karibu na mwaka wa 2000, Baus alihamisha makazi yake kutoka Uswisi hadi Monaco. Mwaka [[2015]], Baus alianzisha ''Heinz Baus Privatstiftung''. Madhumuni ya hazina hiyo, yenye makao yake Linz, ni "kulinda na kuhifadhi ''Bauhaus Group'' kama kampuni inayomilikiwa na familia." Wakati huo kampuni iliendesha matawi zaidi ya 260 katika nchi 19 za Ulaya na ilipata mapato ya kila mwaka ya euro bilioni sita. Mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi na mrithi wa Heinz Georg Baus ni wakili Peter Lutz. Kulingana na ''manager magazin'', Baus aliondoka "si tu muundo wa shirika tata na matawi hadi Karibea", bali pia mahusiano "magumu" ya familia. Kampuni nyingine iliyoanzishwa na Baus ni mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya bafu ''Duscholux'', ambako alijitambulisha kama mwenye hati miliki ya sehemu kadhaa za milango ya kuogea. Baus alifungua duka la kwanza la Bauhaus huko Mannheim mwaka [[1960]]. Sasa kuna maduka 250 na wafanyakazi 17,000 katika nchi 17 kote Ulaya. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] dv2su0kl0jl9kzz3v4gemdka17dirw3 0 246193 1589836 2026-08-21T09:05:06Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mariloup Wolfe''' (alizaliwa [[3 Januari]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mkurugenzi wa filamu wa [[Kanada]]. Alisoma katika F.A.C.E. School, shule ya sanaa huko Montreal. Ana shahada ya utaalamu katika Utayarishaji wa Filamu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Concordia (2001) na shahada ndogo katika Masomo ya Utamaduni kutoka McGill University (1999). Mariloup Wolfe alipata umaarufu kupitia nafasi yake kama ''Marianne'' katika mfululizo maarufu wa televisheni Ramda...' 1589836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariloup Wolfe''' (alizaliwa [[3 Januari]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mkurugenzi wa filamu wa [[Kanada]]. Alisoma katika F.A.C.E. School, shule ya sanaa huko Montreal. Ana shahada ya utaalamu katika Utayarishaji wa Filamu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Concordia (2001) na shahada ndogo katika Masomo ya Utamaduni kutoka McGill University (1999). Mariloup Wolfe alipata umaarufu kupitia nafasi yake kama ''Marianne'' katika mfululizo maarufu wa televisheni Ramdam, ambao umeonyeshwa tangu mwaka 2001 kwenye Télé-Québec. == Maisha binafsi == Alikuwa katika uhusiano wa kimapenzi na mwigizaji Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge. Walikuwa na wana wawili, Manoé na Miro Lemay-Thivierge. Walitangaza kutengana kwao tarehe 13 Novemba 2015.<ref name="Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge et Mariloup Wolfe dans Histoire de jouets 3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100515074643/http://www.lecinema.ca/nouvelle/11172/ Guillaume Lemay-Thivierge et Mariloup Wolfe dans ''Histoire de jouets 3'']</ref><ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://tva.canoe.com/emissions/galaartis2008/nommes.html tva.canoe.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706200707/http://tva.canoe.com/emissions/galaartis2008/nommes.html |date=6 July 2008 }}. Retrieved 21 July 2009</ref> [[File:Mariloup Wolfe, Tapis Rouge, Gala Artis 2014, Sony A57, Montréal, 27 avril 2014 (210) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mariloup Wolfe, Tapis Rouge, Gala Artis 2014, Sony A57, Montréal, 27 avril 2014]] ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] d38ae4lc6mobwygnfdi2dar5hrdazlj 0 246194 1589837 2026-08-21T09:05:53Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oreste Osmar Corbatta Fernández''' ([[11 Machi]] [[1936]] – [[6 Novemba]] [[1991]]) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama winga wa kulia. Corbatta anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji waliokuwa na hadhi kubwa zaidi katika [[historia]] ya Racing Club. Alipewa majina ya utani “Arlequín” (Harlequin) na “El dueño de la raya” (Mmiliki wa mstari wa pembeni). Katika maisha yake ya soka, alichezea klabu tano nchini Argentina na klabu sita kwa jumla huku akitumia sehemu kubwa ya [[maisha]] yake ya soka katika Racing Club na Boca Juniors. Alishinda [[mataji]] manne makubwa na kufunga mabao 86 rasmi akiwa na [[klabu]] hizo mbili kwa pamoja. == Mafanikio == === Klabu === Racing Club * Primera División: 1958, 1961 Boca Juniors * Primera División: 1964, 1965 * Copa Libertadores: Mshindi wa pili (fainali) — 1963 === Kimataifa === Argentina * South American Championship (Copa América): 1957, 1959 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18620/Oreste_Omar_Corbatta.html</ref><ref>https://www.racingclub.com.ar/idolos/oreste-corbatta/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} dkttj2wi2hpga168j1r5r0uhfeo9j4m 0 246195 1589838 2026-08-21T09:10:26Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kim Yaroshevskaya''' (amezaliwa [[1 Oktoba]], [[1923]] – amefariki [[12 Januari]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu, televisheni na jukwaa wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa Urusi. Alijulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji wa [[Quebec]] kama mburudishaji wa watoto, akicheza nafasi kuu katika mfululizo kama ''Fanfreluche'' na ''Passe-Partout'' katika miaka ya 1970,<ref>"Immigrants take the stage to relate their success stories". ''The Gazette (Montreal)|The G...' 1589838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kim Yaroshevskaya''' (amezaliwa [[1 Oktoba]], [[1923]] – amefariki [[12 Januari]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu, televisheni na jukwaa wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa Urusi. Alijulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji wa [[Quebec]] kama mburudishaji wa watoto, akicheza nafasi kuu katika mfululizo kama ''Fanfreluche'' na ''Passe-Partout'' katika miaka ya 1970,<ref>"Immigrants take the stage to relate their success stories". ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]'', 12 April 1991.</ref> na pia alikuwa na nafasi kuu katika mfululizo wa drama wa Kiingereza wa Kanada ''Home Fires (Canadian TV series)'' mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980.<ref name=grady>[[Wayne Grady (author)|Wayne Grady]], "We'll Keep a Welcome". ''[[TV Guide Canada]]'', 8 November 1980.</ref><ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kim-yaroshevskaya Profile], thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Accessed 8 November 2024.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1923|2025}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] lxt99wyu0qke3qnvmkhtou8j2jbfmpz 0 246196 1589839 2026-08-21T09:10:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Oetker''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 4]], [[1951]]) ni mrithi na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], ambaye mwaka [[2010]] alikua afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni ya kimataifa ya usindikaji wa chakula ''Dr. Oetker''. Mwaka [[1976]], alitekwa nyara na Dieter Zlof, mekanika mwenye asili ya [[Slovenia]], na aliachiliwa tu baada ya fidia kubwa kulipwa. Kufikia Oktoba [[2021]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.7<ref name="forbes.com...' 1589839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Oetker''' (Alizaliwa [[Januari 4]], [[1951]]) ni mrithi na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], ambaye mwaka [[2010]] alikua afisa mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni ya kimataifa ya usindikaji wa chakula ''Dr. Oetker''. Mwaka [[1976]], alitekwa nyara na Dieter Zlof, mekanika mwenye asili ya [[Slovenia]], na aliachiliwa tu baada ya fidia kubwa kulipwa. Kufikia Oktoba [[2021]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.7<ref name="forbes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-oetker/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307124439/http://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-oetker/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2014 |title=Forbes profile: Richard Oetker |website=forbes.com |accessdate=16 October 2021}}</ref>. ==Maisha na Kazi == Alizaliwa Bielefeld kwa [[Rudolf August Oetker]] ([[1916]]–[[2007]]) na Susanne Jantsch ([[1922]]–[[2012]]); ndugu zake ni August Oetker, Bergit Countess Douglas, na Christian Oetker. Alisoma kilimo na utengenezaji wa bia katika ''Technical University of Munich'' na ameshikilia nyadhifa mbalimbali katika Dr. Oetker tangu mwaka [[1981]], mwaka ambao baba yake alistaafu kama afisa mkuu mtendaji. Ameoa mara mbili na ana watoto wawili. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tqpmcobiot7tlwg91f3ugb4mehy0oao 0 246197 1589840 2026-08-21T09:10:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mario Alberto Kempes''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [ˈmaɾjo alˈβeɾto ˈkempes]; alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[1954]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mstaafu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] au kiungo mshambuliaji. Akiwa mfungaji mahiri, alimaliza akiwa mfungaji bora wa La Liga mara mbili akiwa na Valencia, ambapo alifunga jumla ya mabao 116 katika mechi 184 za ligi. Kempes anachukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa washambuliaji bora zaidi katika [[historia]] ya soka. == Mafanikio == === Rosario Central === * Primera División: Mshindi wa pili — Metropolitano 1974, Nacional 1976 === Valencia === * Copa del Rey: 1978–79 * European Cup Winners' Cup: 1979–80 * European Super Cup: 1980 === River Plate === * Primera División: Nacional 1981 === Pelita Jaya === * Galatama: 1993–94 === Argentina === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1978<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe41512/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12656/Mario_Kempes.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3el005paoixcojbxky9f5zahq37nl61 0 246198 1589841 2026-08-21T09:13:32Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Noémie Yelle''' (alizaliwa [[15 Aprili]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name=7jours>Alicia Bélanger-Bolduc, [https://www.7jours.ca/2025/02/21/voici-comment-noemie-yelle-vit-sa-quarantaine "Voici comment Noémie Yelle vit sa quarantaine"]. ''7 Jours'', February 21, 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.noovomoi.ca/en-vedette/noemie-yelle-retour-dans-nos-ecrans.html "Noémie Yelle est de retour dans nos écrans dan...' 1589841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noémie Yelle''' (alizaliwa [[15 Aprili]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name=7jours>Alicia Bélanger-Bolduc, [https://www.7jours.ca/2025/02/21/voici-comment-noemie-yelle-vit-sa-quarantaine "Voici comment Noémie Yelle vit sa quarantaine"]. ''7 Jours'', February 21, 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.noovomoi.ca/en-vedette/noemie-yelle-retour-dans-nos-ecrans.html "Noémie Yelle est de retour dans nos écrans dans un rôle très intense!"]. ''[[Noovo|Noovo Moi]]'', February 29, 2024.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] h64d9ojvk1s6fij7t8afdqz7sme5yzw 0 246199 1589842 2026-08-21T09:16:24Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Loretta Yu''' (amezaliwa [[22 Desemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Kichina]]. == Maisha ya awali == Yu alizaliwa huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], na alikulia [[Nova Scotia]], akifanya kazi katika mgahawa wa familia yake.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/02/25/celebrity-spaces-loretta-yu |title=Celebrity Spaces: Loretta Yu |newspaper=Toronto Sun |date=February 26, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http:/...' 1589842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loretta Yu''' (amezaliwa [[22 Desemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Kichina]]. == Maisha ya awali == Yu alizaliwa huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], na alikulia [[Nova Scotia]], akifanya kazi katika mgahawa wa familia yake.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/02/25/celebrity-spaces-loretta-yu |title=Celebrity Spaces: Loretta Yu |newspaper=Toronto Sun |date=February 26, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlantic.festivalgenius.com/2008/films/nonsenserevolution_atlantic2008 |title=Nonsense Revolution |work=Atlantic Film Festival 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/the-muff-society/begin-again-interview-julie-brar-be824387f69b|title=Begin Again Interview: Julie Brar|last=Melton|first=Siân|date=2019-03-26|website=Medium|access-date=2019-04-06}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] deq9zffvvkoceixtnflib6mzh34eula 1589857 1589842 2026-08-21T09:46:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loretta Yu''' (amezaliwa [[22 Desemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Kichina]]. == Maisha ya awali == Yu alizaliwa huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], na alikulia [[Nova Scotia]], akifanya kazi katika mgahawa wa familia yake.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/02/25/celebrity-spaces-loretta-yu |title=Celebrity Spaces: Loretta Yu |newspaper=Toronto Sun |date=February 26, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlantic.festivalgenius.com/2008/films/nonsenserevolution_atlantic2008 |title=Nonsense Revolution |work=Atlantic Film Festival 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://medium.com/the-muff-society/begin-again-interview-julie-brar-be824387f69b|title=Begin Again Interview: Julie Brar|last=Melton|first=Siân|date=2019-03-26|website=Medium|access-date=2019-04-06}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] azt0g7bpnspmq86wf7pov3b8ik4w9n2 0 246200 1589843 2026-08-21T09:16:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Alejandro Milito''' (alizaliwa [[7 Septemba]] [[1980]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Argentina]] na aliyekuwa [[mwanasoka]] mtaalamu aliyecheza kama beki wa kati. Kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa klabu ya Guadalajara inayoshiriki Liga MX. Milito alianza na kumaliza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika klabu ya Independiente. Alitumia miaka saba nchini [[Hispania]], akichezea Zaragoza na [[Barcelona]], ambako alicheza jumla ya mechi 187 za La Liga na kufunga mabao 6. Alistaafu kucheza soka mwezi Juni 2012, kisha akaanza kazi yake ya ukocha mwaka uliofuata. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Miaka ya mwanzo === Milito alizaliwa huko Bernal, katika [[Jimbo]] la Buenos Aires, Argentina. Alianza kucheza [[soka]] la kulipwa mwaka 1997 akiwa na [[klabu]] ya Independiente, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Primera División ya Argentina. Wakati huo, mara nyingi alikutana uwanjani na kaka yake mkubwa, Diego Milito, ambaye alikuwa akiichezea Racing Club de Avellaneda, ambayo ni mpinzani mkubwa wa Independiente.<ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j919.html</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/308/Gabriel_Milito.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} r0uv771p0c23q09h3ousj2tfrd0youm 0 246201 1589845 2026-08-21T09:19:47Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kathryn Zenna''' (amezaliwa [[25 Februari]], [[1971]], huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]), ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Kate Zenna''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu na televisheni wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Veronica katika filamu ''Jack and Jill (1998 film)'', ambapo alipata uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi katika 20th Genie Awards,<ref>"Sunshine floods Genies: International co-produc...' 1589845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathryn Zenna''' (amezaliwa [[25 Februari]], [[1971]], huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]), ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Kate Zenna''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu na televisheni wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Veronica katika filamu ''Jack and Jill (1998 film)'', ambapo alipata uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi katika 20th Genie Awards,<ref>"Sunshine floods Genies: International co-production sweeps award nominations, with Felicia's Journey, Five Senses, eXistenZ also in running for best picture prize to be announced next month". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', December 8, 1999.</ref> na kama Mel katika ''Train 48''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.northernstars.ca/zenna_kathryn/|title=Kathryn Zenna - Northernstars.ca|date=2017-02-25|work=Northernstars.ca|access-date=2018-09-08|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] klcpaq7ojhzr2s3l4evzt43jc0uvo0b 0 246202 1589846 2026-08-21T09:23:32Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chaïmaa Zineddine Elidrissi''', ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Chaïmaa Zineddine''',<ref>Martin Kudlac, [https://screenanarchy.com/2023/10/san-sebastian-2023-review-gamma-rays.html "San Sebastian 2023 Review: GAMMA RAYS Illuminates Youth Immigrant Lives"]. ''[[Screen Anarchy]]'', October 23, 2023.</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name=rioux>Charles Rioux, [https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2025855/ra...' 1589846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chaïmaa Zineddine Elidrissi''', ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Chaïmaa Zineddine''',<ref>Martin Kudlac, [https://screenanarchy.com/2023/10/san-sebastian-2023-review-gamma-rays.html "San Sebastian 2023 Review: GAMMA RAYS Illuminates Youth Immigrant Lives"]. ''[[Screen Anarchy]]'', October 23, 2023.</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name=rioux>Charles Rioux, [https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2025855/rayons-gamma-jeunes-saint-michel "Les rayons gamma : le talent brut des jeunes de Saint-Michel au grand écran"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], November 10, 2023.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Gamma Rays (film) (Les Rayons gamma)'', ambapo alipokea uteuzi wa Prix Iris katika kitengo cha Mafanikio ya Mwaka katika 26th Quebec Cinema Awards.<ref>[https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2110775/vampire-humaniste-gala-quebec-cinema-nominations "Vampire humaniste domine le Gala Québec Cinéma avec 22 nominations"]. [[Ici Radio-Canada]], October 8, 2024.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] c2248sy5e0t3m62q32lb5dtjcq4jfc6 0 246203 1589847 2026-08-21T09:24:32Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Germán Alejo Pezzella''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [xeɾˈman aˈlexo peˈsela]; alizaliwa [[27 Juni]] [[1991]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] mtaalamu wa [[Argentina]] anayecheza kama beki wa kati katika klabu ya River Plate, inayoshiriki Primera División ya Argentina, na pia katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi === Baada ya kufanya vizuri akiwa katika timu ya akiba ya [[klabu]] hiyo, aliitwa kushiriki maandalizi ya msimu mpya nchini [[Canada]]. Alicheza katika mechi za kirafiki dhidi ya Toronto FC, Montreal Impact na Everton. == Mafanikio == === River Plate === * Primera División: 2014 * Copa Campeonato: 2014 * Copa Sudamericana: 2014 * Recopa Sudamericana: 2015 * Copa Libertadores: 2015 <ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/138341</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081402/http://pagina95.com/2011/09/01/german-pezzella-aparece-en-la-lista-de-la-preseleccion-para-los-panamericanos/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ra5w3zkvdrul0d2te308xuq4de5181c 0 246204 1589848 2026-08-21T09:26:39Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Rudolf August Oetker (cropped).jpg|thumb|Oetker mnamo 1966]] '''Rudolf August Oetker''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] – Alifariki [[Januari 16]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenye meli, na mfadhili nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa ''Dr. Oetker'', iliyoanzishwa na babu yake August Oetker, kuwa shirika la makampuni ya chakula ya kimataifa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/another-german-company-reveals-i...' 1589848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rudolf August Oetker (cropped).jpg|thumb|Oetker mnamo 1966]] '''Rudolf August Oetker''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] – Alifariki [[Januari 16]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenye meli, na mfadhili nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa ''Dr. Oetker'', iliyoanzishwa na babu yake August Oetker, kuwa shirika la makampuni ya chakula ya kimataifa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/another-german-company-reveals-its-nazi-past/a-17174930 |title=Another German company reveals its Nazi past |last=Ignatzi |first=Christian |date=22 October 2013 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], Oetker alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Nazi]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Oetker alizaliwa tarehe [[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] huko Bielefeld, Dola la Ujerumani, mtoto wa pili wa Rudolf Oetker (1889–1916), mwanakemia, aliyekufa huko Verdun kabla ya mtoto wake kuzaliwa, na Ida Oetker (1891–1944). Alikuwa na dada mkubwa; Ursula Oetker (1915–2005). Oetker alihudumu na alijitolea katika ''Waffen-SS'' kuanzia mwaka [[1941]] hadi [[1944]]. Baada ya baba yake wa kambo, Richard Kaselowsky, kuuawa katika shambulio la anga, Oetker akawa rais wa biashara yake ya familia mwaka [[1944]]. Biashara hiyo ilirithiwa kutoka kwa babu yake, August Oetker, ambaye alivumbua mchanganyiko maarufu wa poda ya kuoka<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |last1=de Jong |first1=David |title=Nazi-Forged Fortune Creates Hidden German Billionaires |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-03/nazi-forged-fortune-creates-hidden-german-billionaires |accessdate=1 April 2016 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=3 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=German pizza giant Dr Oetker reveals Nazi-era past |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24580073 |date=18 October 2013 |website=BBC News |accessdate=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Oetker |url=http://holocaustonline.org/dr-oetker/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200932/http://holocaustonline.org/dr-oetker/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 May 2018 |website=Holocaust Online |accessdate=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=The Rudolf-August Oetker collection compensates the Emma Budge heirs for a silver cup in the Oetker collection since 2009 |url=http://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=SGDCJC377081 |accessdate=21 May 2017 |website=Lootedart.com |quote=In 2011, the representative of the estate of [[Emma Budge]] published a search notice for the silver cup on a database for artworks lost in consequence of Nazi persecution.}}</ref>. Baada ya vita, Oetker alifungwa katika kambi ya wafungwa ya Staumühle karibu na Paderborn. Wakati tatoo yake ya kikundi cha damu cha SS ilipogunduliwa chini ya kwapa yake ya kushoto, alipigwa vikali na walinzi. Kwa miaka mingi baada ya vita, Oetker alihitaji mkongojo kutembea. Baada ya kuachiliwa mwaka [[1947]], aliipandisha kampuni hiyo kuwa jina linalojulikana nchini Ujerumani leo. ''Oetker-Gruppe'' ilikuwa moja ya alama za juhudi za uokoaji wa baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia nchini<ref>Jürgen Finger, Sven Keller, [[Andreas Wirsching]]: ''Dr. Oetker und der Nationalsozialismus. Geschichte eines Familienunternehmens 1933–1945.'' Verlag C.H.Beck, München 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-406-64545-7}}, S. 380</ref>. Katika miaka ya 1960, Oetker alifadhili ''Stille Hilfe'', shirika la misaada kwa maveterani wa SS, wakimbizi, na wahalifu wa kivita waliopatikana na hatia. Oetker alistaafu kama mkurugenzi mtendaji mwaka [[1981]], akikabidhi nafasi hiyo kwa mwanawe August Oetker<ref>{{Cite web| last = Jong| first = David De| title = Bakpoeder, puddingmix en swastika's: 'De familie Oetker was een steunpilaar van de nazisamenleving'| work = [[HUMO]]| access-date = 2023-10-28| date = 2022-08-15| url = https://www.humo.be/nieuws/bakpoeder-puddingmix-en-swastika-s-de-familie-oetker-was-een-steunpilaar-van-de-nazisamenleving~b7c215d3/| language = nl}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola bilioni 8.0<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |title=Rudolf August Oetker & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/JXWJ.html |website=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=1 April 2016}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] gbl8r4zdbtunvd1x8m2mezy5r9e8v5n 0 246205 1589849 2026-08-21T09:29:29Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonio Roma''' ([[13 Julai]] [[1932]] – [[20 Februari]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Argentina]] aliyecheza kama kipa, na alijulikana zaidi kwa kipindi chake katika klabu ya Boca Juniors. == Kazi == Akipewa jina la utani “Tarzan” kutokana na namna alivyokuwa akijitupa kuokoa [[mpira]], alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa mwaka 1955 katika klabu ya Ferrocarril Oeste, ambako alicheza hadi mwaka 1959. Baadaye alihamia Boca Juniors pamoja na mchezaji mwenzake Silvio Marzolini. [[Roma]] alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza akiwa na Boca Juniors tarehe 3 Aprili 1960, katika ushindi dhidi ya Estudiantes de La Plata. Roma aliendelea kuitumikia Boca Juniors hadi alipostaafu mwaka 1972, na kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji waliokuwa maarufu na wenye kuheshimiwa sana katika [[historia]] ya klabu hiyo. Kwa jumla, aliichezea Boca Juniors mechi 323 katika mashindano yote.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18621/Antonio_Roma.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} fgjmewiihoizc16rs81tmyx6wu9kj4e 0 246206 1589851 2026-08-21T09:34:28Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Katherine Lester DeMille''' (amezaliwa '''Katherine Paula Lester'''; [[29 Juni]], [[1911]] – amefariki [[27 Aprili]], [[1995]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyeigiza katika nafasi 25 za filamu zilizotajwa kwenye orodha za waigizaji kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1930 hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940.<ref name="Little Princess of Hollywood's Royal Family">{{cite news |title=Little Princess of Hollywood's Royal Family |url=https://trove.nla.gov....' 1589851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katherine Lester DeMille''' (amezaliwa '''Katherine Paula Lester'''; [[29 Juni]], [[1911]] – amefariki [[27 Aprili]], [[1995]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyeigiza katika nafasi 25 za filamu zilizotajwa kwenye orodha za waigizaji kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1930 hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940.<ref name="Little Princess of Hollywood's Royal Family">{{cite news |title=Little Princess of Hollywood's Royal Family |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55728215?searchTerm=katherine+demille |access-date=May 6, 2019 |work=The Mail |date=September 5, 1936}}</ref> Akiwa binti wa kuasiliwa wa mkurugenzi Cecil B. DeMille, alichukuliwa kuwa sehemu ya tabaka la kifalme la Hollywood na alijulikana kwa urembo wake wa ngozi yenye rangi nyeusi.<ref name="Library and Archives Canada">{{cite web |title=Item: LESTER, EDWARD GABRIEL () |url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=529875 |website=Library and Archives Canada | date=August 23, 2013 |access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Memorials of Rugbeians who fell in the Great War, Volume 5">{{cite book |title=Memorials of Rugbeians who fell in the Great War, Volume 5 |date=1919 |publisher=[[Rugby School]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez9WAAAAYAAJ&q=Edward+Gabriel+Lester}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1911|1995}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] l6moh4q5c5gu2pah0txbm7pkoyx09c7 0 246207 1589852 2026-08-21T09:35:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oscar Alfredo Garré''' (alizaliwa [[9 Desemba]] [[1956]]) ni aliyekuwa [[mwanasoka]] mtaalamu wa [[Argentina]] aliyecheza kama beki katika klabu ya Ferro Carril Oeste na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. == Kazi == Garré alitumia sehemu kubwa ya [[maisha]] yake ya soka (1974–1988 na 1989–1994) akicheza kama beki katika klabu ya Ferro Carril Oeste. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshinda michuano ya Nacional mwaka 1982 na 1984. Katika msimu wa 1982, Ferro ilimaliza ligi hiyo bila kupoteza mchezo hata mmoja. Garré pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina kilichoshinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1986. == Mafanikio == === Ferro Carril Oeste === * Primera División Argentina: Nacional 1982, Nacional 1984 * Primera B Metropolitana: 1978 === Argentina === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1986<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18622/Oscar_Garre.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe47867/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 6ypzt5l9jr1yxnp87vw50y3qi6oqrqz 0 246208 1589853 2026-08-21T09:37:25Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isabel Deroy-Olson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi ya Kara Two-Rivers katika mfululizo wa mafumbo ''Three Pines'' na Billie Tsosie katika mfululizo wa kusisimua ''Dark Winds''. == Maisha ya awali == Deroy-Olson anatoka [[Vancouver]], Kanada. Kwa upande wa kabila, yeye ni sehemu ya Trʼondëk Hwëchʼin First Nation. Alipokuwa akikua, alikuwa mwanachama wa studio ya dansi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fancy Dance Star Is...' 1589853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Deroy-Olson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi ya Kara Two-Rivers katika mfululizo wa mafumbo ''Three Pines'' na Billie Tsosie katika mfululizo wa kusisimua ''Dark Winds''. == Maisha ya awali == Deroy-Olson anatoka [[Vancouver]], Kanada. Kwa upande wa kabila, yeye ni sehemu ya Trʼondëk Hwëchʼin First Nation. Alipokuwa akikua, alikuwa mwanachama wa studio ya dansi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fancy Dance Star Isabel Deroy-Olson Talks Lily Gladstone & Big Screen Debut |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/fancy-dance-star-isabel-deroy-olson-interview|access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=teenvogue.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘Fancy Dance’ Newcomer Isabel Deroy-Olson on the Importance of Indigenous Storytelling |url=https://wwd.com/eye/people/fancy-dance-isabel-deroy-olson-indigenous-storytelling-lily-gladstone-fashion-1236473158/ |access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=wwd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Killers of the Flower Moon’s Lily Gladstone: ‘Awards are just heavy little statues, and I’ve got plenty of ’em’ |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/lily-gladstone-fancy-dance-interview-b2566522.html |access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Isabel Deroy-Olson stars alongside Lily Gladstone in her 1st feature film|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/isabel-deroy-olson-fancy-dance-1.7241822 |access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=cbc.ca}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] o4ubbhlxoo4ymi9gqx9wgg9dyazo73x 0 246209 1589854 2026-08-21T09:41:10Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1589854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Federico Vairo Moramarco''' ([[27 Januari]] [[1930]] – [[7 Desemba]] [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]] wa Argentina aliyecheza kama beki. Alishinda mataji matatu ya ligi mfululizo akiwa na River Plate na kuiwakilisha Argentina katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1958. Kaka yake mdogo, Juan Apolonio Vairo Moramarco, pia alikuwa mwanasoka wa kulipwa na aliwahi kucheza, miongoni mwa klabu nyingine, msimu mmoja katika [[Juventus]]. == Maisha ya awali == Federico Vairo alizaliwa katika jiji la Rosario, Argentina. == Maisha ya soka ya klabu == Vairo alianza [[maisha]] yake ya soka katika klabu ya Rosario Central, iliyopo katika mji wake wa Rosario, mwaka 1947. Aliichezea [[klabu]] hiyo kwa misimu minane, kabla ya kuhamia Buenos Aires kujiunga na River Plate. Akiwa River Plate, alishiriki katika kikosi kilichoshinda mataji matatu ya ligi mfululizo kuanzia 1955 hadi 1957. Vairo pia aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina katika Kombe la Dunia la 1958 lililofanyika [[Sweden]]. Wakati fulani, alikuwa mchezaji aliyekuwa amecheza mechi nyingi zaidi kwa timu ya taifa ya Argentina. [[Rekodi]] yake haikuvunjwa hadi miaka ya 1990.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18623/Federico_Vairo.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 1fyh5y3qhjydjygwrqkora5rar3m7gq 0 246210 1589855 2026-08-21T09:41:11Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sarah Desjardins''' (amezaliwa [[15 Julai]], [[1994]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarah Desjardins on Instagram: "Is it really your birthday if you don't get your partner to buy you an ice cream cake? 🎂" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CRYCqg9BD1a/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Aliigiza katika mfululizo wa sehemu nyingi wa Discovery Family|Hub ''Clue (miniseries)'' (2011), mfululizo wa You...' 1589855 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Desjardins''' (amezaliwa [[15 Julai]], [[1994]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarah Desjardins on Instagram: "Is it really your birthday if you don't get your partner to buy you an ice cream cake? 🎂" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CRYCqg9BD1a/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Aliigiza katika mfululizo wa sehemu nyingi wa Discovery Family|Hub ''Clue (miniseries)'' (2011), mfululizo wa YouTube Premium ''Impulse (TV series)'' (2018–2019), tamthilia ya kusisimua ya [[Netflix]] ''The Night Agent'' (2023–), na msimu wa tatu wa mfululizo wa Showtime (TV network)|Showtime ''Yellowjackets (TV series)|Yellowjackets'' (2021–), baada ya kuwa na nafasi ya mara kwa mara katika misimu miwili ya kwanza.<ref name="talknerdywithus">{{Cite web|url=https://talknerdywithus.com/2016/10/exclusive-interview-with-project-mc%c2%b2s-sarah-desjardins/|title=Exclusive Interview with Project MC²'s Sarah Desjardins|last=Walse|first=Caitlin|date=2016-10-17|website=Talk Nerdy With Us|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://604now.com/get-acquainted-project-mc2s-sarah-desjardins/|title=Get Acquainted With Project MC2's Sarah Desjardins|date=2016-11-04|website=604 Now|language=en-CA|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] hbkhc23jyt9zr1p1p5ocdvcoqc00y7l 0 246211 1589856 2026-08-21T09:44:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patricia Drake''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi katika televisheni na vipindi vya uhuishaji, hasa akiwa na The Ocean Group|Ocean Studios huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada.<ref name="btva">{{cite web|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Patricia-Drake/|title=Patricia Drake (visual voices guide)|website=Behind The Voice Actors|date=|accessdate=October 1, 2020|type= A green check mark indicates that a role has been confi...' 1589856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Drake''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi katika televisheni na vipindi vya uhuishaji, hasa akiwa na The Ocean Group|Ocean Studios huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada.<ref name="btva">{{cite web|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Patricia-Drake/|title=Patricia Drake (visual voices guide)|website=Behind The Voice Actors|date=|accessdate=October 1, 2020|type= A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] iqmkff5h7oipztvv34qwh1yjjm2mutc 0 246212 1589858 2026-08-21T09:47:13Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Katrina Dunn''' (alizaliwa [[British Columbia]], Kanada) ni [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi na [[mtayarishaji]]. Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kisanaa wa Touchstone Theatre huko [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, [[Kanada]], kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2016.<ref name="Touchstone">{{cite web |url=http://www.touchstonetheatre.com/artistic-director/ |title=Artistic Director Katrina Dunn |date= |publisher=Touchstone Theatre |accessdate=2011-06-27 |archive-date=2011-07-05 |arch...' 1589858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katrina Dunn''' (alizaliwa [[British Columbia]], Kanada) ni [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi na [[mtayarishaji]]. Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kisanaa wa Touchstone Theatre huko [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, [[Kanada]], kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2016.<ref name="Touchstone">{{cite web |url=http://www.touchstonetheatre.com/artistic-director/ |title=Artistic Director Katrina Dunn |date= |publisher=Touchstone Theatre |accessdate=2011-06-27 |archive-date=2011-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705055256/http://www.touchstonetheatre.com/artistic-director/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NextStage">{{cite web |last=Ogden |first=Simon |date=2008-02-29 |title=This One Goes to Eleven: Katrina Dunn |url=http://thenextstage.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/this-one-goes-to-eleven-katrina-dunn/ |accessdate=2011-06-27 |website=thenextstage.wordpress.com |publisher=The Next Stage}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7ijk8vd3moayq0n3julkm9j9ukjfgb9 3 246213 1589859 2026-08-21T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589859 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 1ju5o9j4fdoey7k1jtdmvxtjk4romvm 3 246214 1589860 2026-08-21T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589860 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 1ju5o9j4fdoey7k1jtdmvxtjk4romvm 3 246215 1589861 2026-08-21T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589861 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 1ju5o9j4fdoey7k1jtdmvxtjk4romvm 3 246216 1589862 2026-08-21T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589862 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 1ju5o9j4fdoey7k1jtdmvxtjk4romvm 3 246217 1589863 2026-08-21T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589863 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 1ju5o9j4fdoey7k1jtdmvxtjk4romvm 3 246218 1589864 2026-08-21T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589864 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) og0sefe3nxjlddqcrvg0rzsjmhudzxg 3 246219 1589865 2026-08-21T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589865 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) og0sefe3nxjlddqcrvg0rzsjmhudzxg 3 246220 1589866 2026-08-21T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589866 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) og0sefe3nxjlddqcrvg0rzsjmhudzxg 3 246221 1589867 2026-08-21T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589867 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) og0sefe3nxjlddqcrvg0rzsjmhudzxg 3 246222 1589868 2026-08-21T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589868 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) og0sefe3nxjlddqcrvg0rzsjmhudzxg 3 246223 1589869 2026-08-21T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589869 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) og0sefe3nxjlddqcrvg0rzsjmhudzxg 3 246224 1589870 2026-08-21T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1589870 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 21 Agosti 2026 (UTC) 6eaag1nz24b37nf6g9owc84fg2bya47 0 246225 1589871 2026-08-21T09:50:31Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nikkesha Rangwala''' (alizaliwa [[8 Februari]], [[1995]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu kama '''Nikkesha''', ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake katika filamu za India, televisheni na video za muziki katika tasnia za Kihindi, Kigujarati, Kitelugu, Kitamil na Kipunjabi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-16 |title=Actress and music videos model, Nikkesha to wear directorial hat |url=https://timesofind...' 1589871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikkesha Rangwala''' (alizaliwa [[8 Februari]], [[1995]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu kama '''Nikkesha''', ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake katika filamu za India, televisheni na video za muziki katika tasnia za Kihindi, Kigujarati, Kitelugu, Kitamil na Kipunjabi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-16 |title=Actress and music videos model, Nikkesha to wear directorial hat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/actress-and-music-videos-model-nikkesha-to-wear-directorial-hat/articleshow/80996664.cms |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title='Be yourself, be comfortable' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/life-style/be-yourself-be-comfortable-844272/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 22wntyldxywwv96k7zck9bljwfsfdtv 1589899 1589871 2026-08-21T11:43:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nikkesha Rangwala''' (alizaliwa [[8 Februari]], [[1995]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu kama '''Nikkesha''', ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake katika filamu za India, televisheni na video za muziki katika tasnia za Kihindi, Kigujarati, Kitelugu, Kitamil na Kipunjabi.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2021-02-16 |title=Actress and music videos model, Nikkesha to wear directorial hat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/actress-and-music-videos-model-nikkesha-to-wear-directorial-hat/articleshow/80996664.cms |access-date=2025-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title='Be yourself, be comfortable' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/life-style/be-yourself-be-comfortable-844272/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] bcx0ktvtisiz0fy1zmx6ygxtdebm4pg 0 246226 1589872 2026-08-21T09:53:21Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christine Pak''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa [[Kikorea]] - [[Kanada]],<ref name=staraccident>"Star of NFB film landed role by accident". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', September 20, 1985.</ref> ambaye alipokea uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 7th Genie Awards mwaka 1986 kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''90 Days (film)|90 Days''.<ref name=sequelset>"90 Days sequel set for Cannes". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', July 12, 1986...' 1589872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Pak''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa [[Kikorea]] - [[Kanada]],<ref name=staraccident>"Star of NFB film landed role by accident". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', September 20, 1985.</ref> ambaye alipokea uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 7th Genie Awards mwaka 1986 kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''90 Days (film)|90 Days''.<ref name=sequelset>"90 Days sequel set for Cannes". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', July 12, 1986.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 03toiihltdinoz9yiyn8ntnd91wxqj3 0 246227 1589873 2026-08-21T09:56:46Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Melanie Rose Papalia''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CABP3Unnb0l/?hl=en | title=Melanie Rose Papalia on Instagram: "The best thing I will ever do. These 2❤️ It's not lost on me that I got to wake up to 2 happy and healthy babies this morning. I get to hug and kiss them and yell don't touch that all day long. So many mothers won't get that opportunity. Geoff and I...' 1589873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melanie Rose Papalia''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CABP3Unnb0l/?hl=en | title=Melanie Rose Papalia on Instagram: "The best thing I will ever do. These 2❤️ It's not lost on me that I got to wake up to 2 happy and healthy babies this morning. I get to hug and kiss them and yell don't touch that all day long. So many mothers won't get that opportunity. Geoff and I met and saw so many heartbroken parents in our short time at Children's Hospital and today I am thinking of all of them. Every mother with a sick child, every mother who doesn't get to read the bedtime stories tonight and every mother who's lost a child. Mothers are so strong and resilient and they love like no one else. What a privilege it is to be a mother!💖#happymothersday" }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ph1fk2dgdtvue2w7c9rd0fwq53qvazz 0 246228 1589874 2026-08-21T10:00:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Diana20Siegerehrung5.jpg|thumb|von Opel na mkewe Emily mnamo 2020]] '''Georg von Opel''' (Alizaliwa [[Mei 4]], [[1966]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Uswisi]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]], mjukuu wa Adam Opel ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya utengenezaji wa magari wa Ujerumani ''Opel AG''<ref>{{cite news|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index - Yvonne Bauer|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/yvonne-bauer/|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=...' 1589874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Diana20Siegerehrung5.jpg|thumb|von Opel na mkewe Emily mnamo 2020]] '''Georg von Opel''' (Alizaliwa [[Mei 4]], [[1966]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Uswisi]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]], mjukuu wa Adam Opel ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya utengenezaji wa magari wa Ujerumani ''Opel AG''<ref>{{cite news|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index - Yvonne Bauer|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/yvonne-bauer/|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=May 11, 2018}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Tangu mwaka [[1973]], familia yake imekuwa wakazi wa Uswisi na von Opel alipata uraia mwaka [[2014]]. Alisoma uchumi na usimamizi wa biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rhode Island na ''American InterContinental University'', London<ref>{{Cite web |title=Georg von Opel: Mann mit einem guten Riecher |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/management/georg-von-opel-mann-mit-einem-guten-riecher/2829702.html |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=www.handelsblatt.com |language=de}}</ref>. Mnamo Aprili [[2015]], ''Sunday Times Rich List'' ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa pauni bilioni 1.3.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=23503060&privcapId=20375553 |title=Stocks |publisher=Bloomberg |date= |accessdate=2017-05-03}}</ref> Kulingana na ''Sunday Times Rich List'', hii iliongezeka hadi pauni bilioni 1.654 mwaka [[2020]]<ref name=STRL>{{cite news|title=Sunday Times Rich List|work=The Sunday Times|issue=31|date=26 April 2014}}</ref>. Utajiri wake unatokana hasa na ''Hansa AG'', kampuni ya mwenyeji inayowekeza katika hisa zilizoorodheshwa na fedha za usawa wa kibinafsi. Jalada la majengo ya von Opel linajumuisha mali katika kusini mwa Uingereza, Majorca na eneo la Engadin katika Alps za Uswisi<ref>{{Cite web|title=Georg von Opel|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/georg-von-opel/|access-date=2020-07-20|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Times|first=The Sunday|title=Rich List 2020: profiles 51-100, featuring Bernie Ecclestone|newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/rich-list-2020-profiles-51-100-featuring-bernie-ecclestone-wmnjxggkw|access-date=2020-07-20|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] otwb9bi17a6kkc3zerfno6ziut1i3nv 0 246229 1589881 2026-08-21T10:19:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Grace Park''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]], [[1974]])<ref name=tvg>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/grace-park/bio/193570/ | title=Grace Park Biography| publisher=[[TV Guide|TVGuide.com]] | archive-date= August 12, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160812052626/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/grace-park/bio/193570/}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Marekani]] - [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa majukumu yake kama...' 1589881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Park''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]], [[1974]])<ref name=tvg>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/grace-park/bio/193570/ | title=Grace Park Biography| publisher=[[TV Guide|TVGuide.com]] | archive-date= August 12, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160812052626/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/grace-park/bio/193570/}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Marekani]] - [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa majukumu yake kama Sharon "Boomer" Valerii katika mfululizo wa hadithi za kisayansi ''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)'', kama Shannon Ng katika mfululizo wa tamthilia ya vijana wa Kanada ''Edgemont (TV series)'', kama Afisa Kono Kalakaua katika mfululizo wa upelelezi wa polisi ''Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)'', na kama Katherine Kim katika ''Million Little Things''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abc.go.com/shows/a-million-little-things/cast|title=A Million Little Things, Cast, Characters and Stars|website=ABC}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Alizaliwa [[Los Angeles]] katika familia ya wazazi Wakorea,<ref>Park in {{cite press release |title=2014 Asian Hall of Fame Honoree Announcement – Honoree Quotes |date=January 20, 2014 |publisher=Asian Hall of Fame |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/201547556/2014-Asian-Hall-of-Fame-Honoree-Announcement-Honoree-Quotes#scribd |quote=It is hard to know how my Korean heritage has impacted my life and achievements without thinking about my parents. |access-date=December 27, 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ersw9iyy9trw6ogfzuvgmomry66g97f 0 246230 1589882 2026-08-21T10:23:24Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara Parkins''' (amezaliwa [[22 Mei]], [[1942]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Barbara Parkins |url=https://www.girl.com.au/celebrities/barbara-parkins.htm |website=girl.com.au |publisher=Girl.com.au, a Trillion Company |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=TVG>{{cite web |title=Barbara Parkins |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/people/barbara-parkins/ |website=tvinsider.com |publisher=NTVB Media, Inc / [[TV Guide#TV Insider|TV Guide]] |access-date=15...' 1589882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Parkins''' (amezaliwa [[22 Mei]], [[1942]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Barbara Parkins |url=https://www.girl.com.au/celebrities/barbara-parkins.htm |website=girl.com.au |publisher=Girl.com.au, a Trillion Company |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref><ref name=TVG>{{cite web |title=Barbara Parkins |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/people/barbara-parkins/ |website=tvinsider.com |publisher=NTVB Media, Inc / [[TV Guide#TV Insider|TV Guide]] |access-date=15 September 2024}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]], mcheza dansi na mpiga picha wa zamani mwenye uraia wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Parkins alizaliwa [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref name="usher">"Actress Barbara Parkins Once Ushered at Movies" by Bob Thomas, ''[[The Telegraph (Nashua)|Nashua Telegraph]]'', December 22, 1965, p. 9</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1942|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 4j1ek50n923ylymanuruxeacpnjcif7 0 246231 1589883 2026-08-21T10:27:20Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Madelaine Rachel Phillips''' (amezaliwa [[6 Septemba]], [[1994]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Madelaine Phillips alizaliwa [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]], akiwa na baba Mkanada na mama kutoka Perth, Australia.<ref name="mea">{{cite news|url=https://meaww.com/netflix-teenage-bounty-hunters-meet-cast-ya-action-comedy-maddie-phillips-anjelica-bette-fellini |title='Teenage Bounty Hunters': Meet Maddie Phillips, Anj...' 1589883 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madelaine Rachel Phillips''' (amezaliwa [[6 Septemba]], [[1994]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Madelaine Phillips alizaliwa [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]], akiwa na baba Mkanada na mama kutoka Perth, Australia.<ref name="mea">{{cite news|url=https://meaww.com/netflix-teenage-bounty-hunters-meet-cast-ya-action-comedy-maddie-phillips-anjelica-bette-fellini |title='Teenage Bounty Hunters': Meet Maddie Phillips, Anjelica Bette Fellini and rest of the cast of YA action-comedy |website=meaww.com |date=August 13, 2020}}</ref><ref name="FACE">{{cite news|title=The two breakout stars, Maddie Phillips and Anjelica Bette Fellini, tell us how they reinvented the female action hero|url=https://theface.com/culture/teenage-bounty-hunters-anjelica-bette-fellini-maddie-phillips-interview-netflix |website=theface.com |date=August 19, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 1eutpgqc6wwv4xv2ircqn5xzk43b15s 0 246232 1589885 2026-08-21T10:32:50Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carly Pope''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]], [[1980]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa drama wa The WB ''Popular (TV series)|Popular'' (1999–2001), mfululizo wa drama ya kiroho ''The Collector (Canadian TV series)|The Collector]]'' (2004–2005), mfululizo wa drama za kisheria wa USA Network ''Suits (American TV series)|Suits'' (2016–2017), na mfululizo wa The CW ''Arrow'' (2016–2017).<ref>{{cite...' 1589885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carly Pope''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]], [[1980]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa drama wa The WB ''Popular (TV series)|Popular'' (1999–2001), mfululizo wa drama ya kiroho ''The Collector (Canadian TV series)|The Collector]]'' (2004–2005), mfululizo wa drama za kisheria wa USA Network ''Suits (American TV series)|Suits'' (2016–2017), na mfululizo wa The CW ''Arrow'' (2016–2017).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvinsider.com/92131/arrow-casting-carly-pope-season-5/|title=Carly Pope Shoots Over to ''Arrow''|website=TV Insider|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-30 |first=Damian |last=Holbrook |date=June 29, 2016 |publisher=TV Guide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usanetwork.com/suits/blog/interview-with-carly-pope-louis-is-delightful-in-his-oddness|title=Interview With Carly Pope: Louis Is 'Delightful In His Oddness' {{!}} Blog {{!}} Suits|date=August 4, 2016|website=USA Network|language=en|access-date=2019-07-30 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829204235/https://www.usanetwork.com/suits/blog/interview-with-carly-pope-louis-is-delightful-in-his-oddness |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |publisher=[[NBC Universal]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] sq4lrey6lgm5si9k6xbxxl2w3pfz4ud 0 246233 1589887 2026-08-21T10:37:10Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Samantha Quan''' (alizaliwa [[2 Septemba]], [[1975]]) ni mtayarishaji wa filamu huru na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutayarisha filamu ''Red Rocket (film)|Red Rocket'' (2021) na ''Anora'' (2024), ambazo ziliongozwa na mumewe Sean Baker.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montgomery |first1=Daniel |title=Quadruple Oscar nominee Sean Baker thought 'Anora' would be too 'divisive' for awards |date=23 January 2025 |url=https://www.goldderby.com/art...' 1589887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samantha Quan''' (alizaliwa [[2 Septemba]], [[1975]]) ni mtayarishaji wa filamu huru na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutayarisha filamu ''Red Rocket (film)|Red Rocket'' (2021) na ''Anora'' (2024), ambazo ziliongozwa na mumewe Sean Baker.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Montgomery |first1=Daniel |title=Quadruple Oscar nominee Sean Baker thought 'Anora' would be too 'divisive' for awards |date=23 January 2025 |url=https://www.goldderby.com/article/2025/sean-baker-anora-oscar-nominations-reaction-interview/ |publisher=Gold Derby |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ya mwisho ilimshindia Quan Academy Award for Best Picture. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Samantha Quan alizaliwa Septemba 2, 1975, huko [[Vancouver]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gheciu |first1=Alex Nino |title=Canadians behind Oscar-nominated residential school doc 'Sugarcane' hope to 'illuminate the truth' |work=Vancouver Is Awesome |url=https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/the-mix/canadians-behind-oscar-nominated-residential-school-doc-sugarcane-hope-to-illuminate-the-truth-10118442 |access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9wi999p4deof2k4i595mb0b2m5v5tgl 0 246234 1589888 2026-08-21T10:40:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christine Quintana''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia na mkurugenzi wa ukumbi wa michezo wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]],<ref>Janet Smith, [https://www.straight.com/arts/1113551/rising-local-playwrights-christine-quintana-and-norman-yeung-send-tremors-digital-space "Rising local playwrights Christine Quintana and Norman Yeung send Tremors into digital space"]. ''[[The Georgia Straight]]'', August 8, 2018.</ref> amba...' 1589888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Quintana''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia na mkurugenzi wa ukumbi wa michezo wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]],<ref>Janet Smith, [https://www.straight.com/arts/1113551/rising-local-playwrights-christine-quintana-and-norman-yeung-send-tremors-digital-space "Rising local playwrights Christine Quintana and Norman Yeung send Tremors into digital space"]. ''[[The Georgia Straight]]'', August 8, 2018.</ref> ambaye tamthilia yake ''Selfie'' iliteuliwa kwa Governor General's Award for English-language drama katika 2021 Governor General's Awards.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2021/10/14/rachel-cusk-among-fiction-finalists-for-governor-generals-literary-awards.html "Rachel Cusk among fiction finalists for Governor General’s Literary Awards"]. ''[[Toronto Star]]'', October 14, 2021.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] hdjm91slw1att5a8q0wotn8n1h50vhs 0 246235 1589890 2026-08-21T10:43:37Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sarah Edmondson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], mtangazaji wa podikasti, na [[mwanaharakati]] wa uhamasishaji kuhusu madhehebu hatari. Anajulikana kwa majukumu ya usaidizi katika Hallmark Channel, na kama mwigizaji wa sauti, hasa kwa nafasi ya Thea Stilton katika ''Geronimo Stilton'' na Lina katika filamu za ''Bratz''.<ref name=fi>{{cite interview |interviewer-first=Gilles |interviewer-last=Nuytens |subject-first=Sarah |subject-last= Edmondson |title...' 1589890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Edmondson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], mtangazaji wa podikasti, na [[mwanaharakati]] wa uhamasishaji kuhusu madhehebu hatari. Anajulikana kwa majukumu ya usaidizi katika Hallmark Channel, na kama mwigizaji wa sauti, hasa kwa nafasi ya Thea Stilton katika ''Geronimo Stilton'' na Lina katika filamu za ''Bratz''.<ref name=fi>{{cite interview |interviewer-first=Gilles |interviewer-last=Nuytens |subject-first=Sarah |subject-last= Edmondson |title=Sarah Edmondson interview |website=thescifiworld.net |date=15 August 2013 |url=http://www.thescifiworld.net/interviews/sarah_edmondson_01.htm |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=sci>{{cite web |title=The Politician's Wife – Interview with Continuum's Sarah Edmondson |url=http://scifiandtvtalk.typepad.com/scifiandtvtalk/2013/08/the-politicians-wife-interview-with-continuums-sarah-edmondson.html |website=scifiandtvtalk.typepad.com |access-date=10 December 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ne341q3aq9ml180rgtp6c3n1p0by50o 0 246236 1589891 2026-08-21T10:47:07Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniella Evangelista''' (alizaliwa [[20 Septemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{anime News Network|people|3934}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]]' 1589891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniella Evangelista''' (alizaliwa [[20 Septemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{anime News Network|people|3934}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6ai7cc81cg71vg6b1r1pyjey1vlqb36 0 246237 1589892 2026-08-21T10:53:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kazumi Evans''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alianza kazi yake kama mshiriki katika kipindi cha CBC Television cha ''Triple Sensation''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Peter Birnie|date=October 20, 2007|title=Contestants in national reality- TV show fired- up by experience|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/vancouver-sun/20071020/282926676030539}}</ref> Kama mwigizaji wa sauti, ametoa sauti ya Iris katika ''LoliRock'', Saffi katik...' 1589892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kazumi Evans''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alianza kazi yake kama mshiriki katika kipindi cha CBC Television cha ''Triple Sensation''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Peter Birnie|date=October 20, 2007|title=Contestants in national reality- TV show fired- up by experience|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://www.pressreader.com/canada/vancouver-sun/20071020/282926676030539}}</ref> Kama mwigizaji wa sauti, ametoa sauti ya Iris katika ''LoliRock'', Saffi katika ''Bob the Builder'', Madeline katika ''The Deep (animated series)'', na Skipper (Barbie) katika filamu za ''Barbie''.<ref name="lolirock cast">{{cite web|url=http://teamlolirock.tumblr.com/post/133994103918/lolirock-season-1-full-english-voice-cast-all|author=Team LoliRock | title=LoliRock Season 1 - Full english voice cast | date=26 November 2015 | via=Tumblr | access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 1rulk3fipfkrm8cydda7b9vtbsb0a61 0 246238 1589893 2026-08-21T10:56:58Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lini Evans''' (alizaliwa [[Calgary]]) ni mburudishaji wa [[Kanada]]. Evans ameimba nyimbo katika lugha mbalimbali. Ameeleza kwamba hujifunza nyimbo katika lugha asizozifahamu kwa kuzisikiliza mara kwa mara ili kukariri maneno na matamshi yake.<ref name="Province-Shanghai">{{cite news |last=Sin |first=Lena |date=23 April 2009 |title=Gala evening showcases Shanghai |work=The Province |publisher=Canada.com |url=http://www2.canada.com/theprovince/news/story...' 1589893 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lini Evans''' (alizaliwa [[Calgary]]) ni mburudishaji wa [[Kanada]]. Evans ameimba nyimbo katika lugha mbalimbali. Ameeleza kwamba hujifunza nyimbo katika lugha asizozifahamu kwa kuzisikiliza mara kwa mara ili kukariri maneno na matamshi yake.<ref name="Province-Shanghai">{{cite news |last=Sin |first=Lena |date=23 April 2009 |title=Gala evening showcases Shanghai |work=The Province |publisher=Canada.com |url=http://www2.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=5191eef0-e6eb-4786-8482-a18f5f63a4c1 |url-status=dead |access-date=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519142947/http://www2.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=5191eef0-e6eb-4786-8482-a18f5f63a4c1 |archive-date=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Andrews |first=Marke |date=20 April 1999 |title=Multilingual Evans to sing for Zhu |page=B10 |work=The Vancouver Sun}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Parry |first=Malcolm |date=31 October 2002 |title=Town Talk |page=B3 |work=The Vancouver Sun}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0bce7vjeghhp40h6yzt8vfaxfn4uni3 0 246239 1589894 2026-08-21T11:00:50Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jillian Fargey''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref name=christensen>Layne Christensen, "Fargey forsakes film for The Edible Woman". ''North Shore News'', October 5, 2001.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 2000 ''Protection'', ambayo ilimpatia uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 22nd Genie Awards.<ref>Katherine Monk, "Inuit film takes Genie...' 1589894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jillian Fargey''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref name=christensen>Layne Christensen, "Fargey forsakes film for The Edible Woman". ''North Shore News'', October 5, 2001.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 2000 ''Protection'', ambayo ilimpatia uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 22nd Genie Awards.<ref>Katherine Monk, "Inuit film takes Genie lead". ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'', December 12, 2001.</ref><ref>"Jessie Awards 1999 Winners: The Jessie Richardson Theatre Awards honour the best in Vancouver theatre during the 1998-99 season". ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'', June 14, 1999.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] i4zb28aze68kov7c9xk3oa0s0saro77 0 246240 1589895 2026-08-21T11:04:29Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Erin Fitzgerald''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] anayetoa sauti katika katuni mbalimbali, michezo ya video na matoleo ya tafsiri za sauti]] za anime za [[Kijapani]] kwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]].<ref name="animecons">{{cite web|url=http://animecons.com/guests/bio.shtml/4489/Erin_Fitzgerald|title=Erin Fitzgerald|work=AnimeCons.com|access-date=January 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="fakeradio">{{cite web|url=http://www.fakeradio.net/cast/|title=The Cas...' 1589895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erin Fitzgerald''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] anayetoa sauti katika katuni mbalimbali, michezo ya video na matoleo ya tafsiri za sauti]] za anime za [[Kijapani]] kwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]].<ref name="animecons">{{cite web|url=http://animecons.com/guests/bio.shtml/4489/Erin_Fitzgerald|title=Erin Fitzgerald|work=AnimeCons.com|access-date=January 11, 2016}}</ref><ref name="fakeradio">{{cite web|url=http://www.fakeradio.net/cast/|title=The Cast|work=Fake Radio|access-date=January 11, 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ilk2ot8uxolxv7mkv3qe186nuhbjjs2