Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3067 1590337 1585462 2026-08-22T10:55:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku ya Mto | river_name = Mto wa Zambezi | image_name = Victoria Falls aerial view September 2003.jpg | caption = Mto Zambezi kwenye maporomoko ya Victoria | origin = karibu na [[Mwinilunga]], Zambia | mouth = [[Bahari ya Hindi]] | basin_countries = [[Zambia]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], [[Angola]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Msumbiji]] | length = km 2,574 | elevation = m 1,500 | discharge = m&sup3;/s 7,000 | watershed = km&sup2; 1,570,000 }} '''Zambezi''' (pia huandikwa '''Zambeze''' au '''Zambesi''') ni mto wa nne kwa urefu barani [[Afrika]], mto mrefu zaidi unaotiririka kuelekea mashariki barani Afrika, na mto mkubwa zaidi unaomwaga maji yake katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]] kutokea Afrika. Bonde lake la uondoaji maji linafikia eneo la kilomita za mraba 1,390,000 (maili za mraba 540,000),<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Réseau International des Organismes de Bassin|url=https://www.inbo-news.org/fr/reseau-international-des-organismes-de-bassin/|work=RIOB|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ikiwa ni chini kidogo ya nusu ya bonde la Mto Nile. Mto huo wenye urefu wa kilomita 2,574 (maili 1,599) unaanzia nchini [[Zambia]] na kutiririka kupitia mashariki mwa [[Angola]], kando ya mpaka wa kaskazini-mashariki wa [[Namibia]] na mpaka wa kaskazini wa [[Botswana]], kisha kando ya mpaka kati ya Zambia na [[Zimbabwe]] hadi [[Msumbiji]], ambapo unavuka nchi hiyo na kuishia katika Bahari ya Hindi.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambezi-River</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zambezi River Facts and Information|url=https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html|work=www.victoriafalls-guide.net|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Kivutio maarufu zaidi cha Mto Zambezi ni Maporomoko ya maji ya Victoria. Maporomoko yake mengine ni pamoja na Maporomoko ya Chavuma<ref>{{Citation|title=Chavuma Falls {{!}} waterfall, Zambia {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chavuma-Falls|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> na Maporomoko ya Ngonye.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ngonye Falls|url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/ngonye-falls/|work=Zambia Tourism|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Beseni]] lake lina [[km²]] 1,570,000 au [[nusu]] ya mto Nile. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] chake kiko [[Zambia]], halafu mto unapita [[Angola]] mpakani na [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], Zambia na [[Zimbabwe]] kwenda [[Msumbiji]] inapofikia Bahari Hindi katika [[delta]] ya [[km²]] 880. Kwenye mwendo wa Zambezi pana [[maporomoko]] kadhaa hasa maporomoko ya [[Victoria Falls]]. Mengine ni maporomoko ya [[Chavuma]] mpakani mwa Zambia na Angola, halafu [[Ngonye Falls]] karibu na [[Sioma]], Zambia ya [[magharibi]]. Vyanzo vikuu viwili vya nishati ya umeme wa maji kwenye mto huo ni Bwawa la Kariba, ambalo linatoa umeme nchini Zambia na Zimbabwe, na Bwawa la Cahora Bassa nchini Msumbiji, ambalo linatoa umeme nchini Msumbiji na [[Afrika Kusini]]. Aidha, vituo vingine viwili vidogo vya kufua umeme nchini Zambia viko kwenye Maporomoko ya Victoria na Zengamina.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Pasanisi |first=Francesco |last2=Tebano |first2=Carlo |last3=Zarlenga |first3=Francesco |date=2016-02-25 |title=A Survey near Tambara along the Lower Zambezi River |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/3/1/6 |journal=Environments |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |doi=10.3390/environment |issn=2076-3298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127035450/https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/3/1/6 |archive-date=2025-11-27 |access-date=2026-06-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Vyanzo == === Asili === [[Faili:Zambezi River at junction of Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe & Botswana.jpg|thumb|Mto Zambezi katika makutano ya Namibia (juu kushoto), Zambia (kulia), Zimbabwe (chini), na Botswana (katikati kushoto). Tangu picha hii ipigwe, Daraja la Kazungula limejengwa kuvuka mto huo kati ya Zambia na Botswana.]] Mto huu unaanzia kwenye dambo (ardhi chepechepe) nyeusi yenye kinamasi katika misitu minene ya miombo inayoinuka na kushuka, kilomita 50 (maili 31) kaskazini mwa Mwinilunga na kilomita 20 (maili 12) kusini mwa Ikelenge katika Wilaya ya Ikelenge mkoani Kaskazini-Magharibi, Zambia, ukiwa katika mwinuko wa takriban mita 1,524 (futi 5,000) juu ya usawa wa bahari.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150904101922/http://www.muvitv.com/dilapidated-zambezi-source-site-worry-ikelenge-dc/</ref> Eneo linalozunguka chanzo hicho ni mnara wa kitaifa, hifadhi ya msitu, na eneo muhimu kwa ndege.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150904101922/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=7178</ref> Kuelekea upande wa mashariki mwa chanzo hicho, kigawaneo cha maji kati ya Mabonde ya Congo na Zambezi ni ukanda uliojitokeza wazi wa ardhi ya juu,unaotiririka takriban kutoka mashariki hadi magharibi na kushuka kwa ghafla upande wa kaskazini na kusini. Ukanda huu unakata na kutenganisha wazi bonde la Lualaba (tawi kuu la juu la Mto Congo) na lile la Zambezi. Katika maeneo ya jirani na chanzo hicho, kigawaneo cha maji hakijajipambanua kwa uwazi sana, lakini mifumo hii miwili ya mito haiungani. Eneo linalopitisha maji kutoka Mto Zambezi ni uwanda wa juu mpana wenye kingo zilizomomonyoka wenye mwinuko wa mita 900–1,200 (futi 3,000–3,900), ambao kwa upande wa ndani kabisa umeundwa na matabaka ya miamba geu na kuzungukwa na miamba ya moto katika Maporomoko ya Victoria. Kule Chupanga, upande wa chini wa Mto Zambezi, matabaka membamba ya miamba ya mchanga ya rangi ya kijivu na njano, kukiwa na miviringo ya hapa na pale ya miamba ya chokaa, yanajitokeza juu kwenye sakafu ya mto wakati wa kiangazi, na haya yanaendelea hadi ng'ambo ya Tete, ambapo yanaambatana na mishipa mikubwa ya makaa ya mawe. Makaa ya mawe pia yanapatikana katika wilaya iliyo chini kidogo ya Maporomoko ya Victoria. Miamba yenye madini ya dhahabu inajitokeza katika maeneo kadhaa. === Zambezi ya Juu === [[Faili:Zambezi river basin-en.svg|thumb|Zambezi na bonde lake la mto]] Mto huo hutiririka kuelekea kusini-magharibi kuingia Angola kwa takriban kilomita 240 (maili 150), kisha unaungana na vijito vikubwa vya mto kama vile Luena na Chifumage vinavyotiririka kutoka nyanda za juu za upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Unageuka kuelekea kusini na kutengeneza uwanda wa mafuriko, wenye mabadiliko makubwa sana ya upana kati ya majira ya kiangazi na masika. Unaingia kwenye msitu mnene wa kijani kibichi wa kiangazi wa ''Cryptosepalum'', ingawa kwa upande wake wa magharibi, maeneo ya nyasi ya Zambezi ya Magharibi pia yanapatikana. Unapoingia tena nchini Zambia, unakuwa na upana wa karibu mita 400 (futi 1,300) wakati wa majira ya masika na utiririka kwa kasi kubwa, ukiwa na maporomoko madogo ya maji yanayoishia kwenye Maporomoko ya Chavuma, ambapo mto huo unapita kwenye ufa wa miamba. Mto huo unashuka kwa mita 400 (futi 1,300) katika mwinuko wake kutoka chanzo chake kilichopo mita 1,500 (futi 4,900) hadi kufika Maporomoko ya Chavuma yaliyopo mita 1,100 (futi 3,600), katika umbali wa takriban kilomita 400 (maili 250). Kuanzia eneo hili hadi Maporomoko ya Victoria, usawa wa beseni la mto ni tambarare sana, ukishuka kwa mita nyingine 180 (futi 590) pekee katika umbali wa karibu kilomita 800 (maili 500).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zambezi River|url=https://www.geologypage.com/2014/11/zambezi-river.html|work=Geology Page|date=2014-11-25|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Geology Page}}</ref> Kijito chake kikubwa cha kwanza kuingia Zambezi ni Mto Kabompo uliopo mkoani Kaskazini-Magharibi nchini Zambia. Eneo la savana (nyika) ambalo mto huo unapita linabadilika na kuwa uwanda mpana wa mafuriko, ukiwa umetawanyika mitende ya Borassus. Upande wa kusini kidogo kuna makutano ya mto na Mto Lungwebungu. Hapa ndipo mwanzo wa Uwanda wa Mafuriko wa Barotse, ambao ni kivutio maarufu zaidi cha upande wa juu wa Zambezi, ingawa sehemu hii ya kaskazini haifuriki sana na inajumuisha visiwa vya ardhi ya juu vilivyopo katikati.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zambezi River Facts and Information|url=https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html|work=www.victoriafalls-guide.net|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> Takriban kilomita 30 chini ya makutano ya Mto Lungwebungu, nchi inakuwa tambarare sana, na ule mwonekano wa asili wa Uwanda wa Mafuriko wa Barotse unajifunua, huku mafuriko yakifikia upana wa kilomita 25 wakati wa masika. Kwa zaidi ya kilomita 200 kuelekea chini ya mto, mzunguko wa kila mwaka wa mafuriko unatawala mazingira ya asili pamoja na maisha ya mwanadamu, jamii, na utamaduni. Takriban kilomita 80 mbele zaidi kuelekea chini, Mto Luanginga, ambao pamoja na matawi yake unanyonya maji katika eneo kubwa la upande wa magharibi, unaungana na Zambezi. Umbali mfupi tu kuelekea juu upande wa mashariki, mkondo mkuu unaungana wakati wa masika na maji yanayofurika kutoka mfumo wa Luampa/Luena. Umbali mfupi kuelekea chini ya mto kutoka makutano ya Mto Luanginga ni Lealui, mji mkuu mmojawapo wa Walozi, wanaoishi katika ukanda wa Barotseland mkoani Magharibi nchini Zambia. Chifu wa Walozi anamiliki moja ya makazi yake mawili huko Lealui; lingine liko Limulunga, ambalo lipo kwenye ardhi ya juu na hutumika kama mji mkuu wakati wa majira ya masika. Kuhama kwa kila mwaka kutoka Lealui kwenda Limulunga ni tukio kubwa, linalosherehekewa kama moja ya sherehe za kitamaduni zinazojulikana zaidi nchini Zambia, yaani Kuomboka. Baada ya Lealui, mto huo hugeuka kuelekea kusini-kusini-mashariki. Kutokea upande wa mashariki, unaendelea kupokea mito mingi midogo, lakini kwa upande wa magharibi, hauna matawi makubwa ya mto kwa umbali wa kilomita 240. Kabla ya hapo, Maporomoko ya Ngonye na maporomoko madogo ya maji yanayofuata yanazuia usafiri wa vyombo vya majini. Kusini mwa Maporomoko ya Ngonye, mto huo unapakana kwa muda mfupi na Ukanda wa Caprivi wa Namibia. Chini ya makutano kati ya Mto Cuando na Zambezi, mto unajipinda ukielekea takriban mashariki kabisa. Hapa, mto huo ni mpana, una kina kifupi na utiririka taratibu, lakini unapoendelea kutiririka kuelekea mashariki kukabili ukingo wa uwanda wa juu mkubwa wa kati wa Afrika, unafikia ufa mkubwa ambapo Maporomoko ya Victoria yanaporomoka. === Zambezi ya Kati === Maporomoko ya Victoria yanachukuliwa kuwa mpaka kati ya upande wa juu na wa kati wa Mto Zambezi. Chini ya maporomoko hayo, mto unaendelea kutiririka moja kwa moja kuelekea mashariki kwa takriban kilomita 200 (maili 120), ukipenya katikati ya kuta zilizosimama wima za miamba ya mgando zenye umbali wa mita 20 hadi 60 (futi 66 hadi 197) kutoka ukuta mmoja hadi mwingine, zikiwa ndani ya vilima vyenye urefu wa mita 200 hadi 250 (futi 660 hadi 820). Mto huo hutiririka kwa kasi kubwa kupitia Bonde la Batoka, huku mkondo wake ukiwa unakatizwa mara kwa mara na miamba ya chini ya maji. Eneo hili limeelezwa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Is rafting on the Zambezi River below The Victoria Falls Dangerous?|url=https://safpar.com/is-rafting-on-the-zambezi-river-below-the-victoria-falls-dangerous/|work=Safpar|date=2022-05-16|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Sean Edington|archive-date=2021-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520102959/https://safpar.com/is-rafting-on-the-zambezi-river-below-the-victoria-falls-dangerous/|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuwa moja ya maeneo ya kusisimua zaidi duniani kwa safari za boti kwenye maji yanayovurugika, likiwa ni changamoto kubwa sana kwa waendesha mitumbwi ya kisasa ya 'kayak' na boti za raba za 'raft'. Ng'ambo ya bonde hilo kuna mfululizo wa maporomoko madogo ya maji yanayoishia kilomita 240 (maili 150) chini ya Maporomoko ya Victoria. Katika umbali huu, mto unashuka kwa mita 250 (futi 820). Katika hatua hii, mto unaingia katika Ziwa Kariba, lililoundwa mwaka 1959 kufuatia kukamilika kwa Bwawa la Kariba. Ziwa hili ni moja ya maziwa makubwa zaidi yaliyotengenezwa na binadamu duniani, na mitambo ya kuzalisha umeme wa maji kwenye bwawa hilo inatoa umeme kwa sehemu kubwa ya Zambia na Zimbabwe. Mito ya Luangwa na Kafue ndiyo matawi mawili makubwa zaidi ya mkono wa kushoto ya Mto Zambezi. Mto Kafue unaungana na mto mkuu katika mkondo wa maji uliotulia na wenye kina kirefu, wenye upana wa takriban mita 180 (futi 590). Kuanzia hapa, kona ya kuelekea kaskazini wa Mto Zambezi unazuiwa, na mkondo unaendelea moja kwa moja kuelekea mashariki. Katika makutano ya Mto Luangwa (15°37'S), mto huo unaingia nchini Msumbiji.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Van Valkenburgh |first=Blaire |last2=White |first2=Paula A. |date=2021-04-20 |title=Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |url=https://peerj.com/articles/11313/ |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=9 |pages=e11313 |doi=10.7717/peerj.11313 |issn=2167-8359 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119031445/https://peerj.com/articles/11313/ |archive-date=2025-11-19 |access-date=2026-06-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> Upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi unaishia pale mto unapoingia katika Ziwa Cahora Bassa, ambalo hapo awali lilikuwa eneo lenye maporomoko hatari ya maji yaliyojulikana kama Kebrabassa; ziwa hili liliundwa mwaka 1974 kufuatia ujenzi wa Bwawa la Cahora Bassa. === Zambezi ya Chini === Urefu wa kilomita 650 (maili 400) wa upande wa chini wa Mto Zambezi kutoka Cahora Bassa hadi Bahari ya Hindi unapitika kwa vyombo vya majini, ingawa mto huo una kina kifupi katika maeneo mengi wakati wa kiangazi. Hali hii ya kuwa na kina kifupi inatokana na mto huo kuingia kwenye bonde pana na kuenea katika eneo kubwa. Ni katika sehemu moja tu, kwenye Bonde la Lupata, umbali wa kilomita 320 (maili 200) kutoka kinywa chake, ambapo mto huo umebanwa katikati ya vilima virefu. Hapa, una upana wa karibu mita 200 (futi 660) tu. Katika maeneo mengine, una upana wa kilomita 5 hadi 8 (maili 3 hadi 5), ukitiririka taratibu kupitia mikondo mingi. Kingo za mto huo ni ya mchanga, na kingo zake ni za chini na zimezungukwa na matete. Hata hivyo, katika baadhi ya maeneo, na hasa wakati wa majira ya masika, mikondo hiyo huungana na kuwa mto mmoja mpana unaotiririka kwa kasi kubwa. Takriban kilomita 160 (maili 99) kutoka baharini, Mto Zambezi unapokea maji yanayotoka Ziwa Malawi kupitia Mto Shire. Unapokaribia Bahari ya Hindi, mto huo unajigawa na kutengeneza delta. Kila moja ya mifereji mikuu ya mto inayojigawa—Kongone, Luabo, na Timbwe—imezuiliwa na ukingo wa mchanga. Tawi lililopo upande wa kaskazini zaidi, linaloitwa kinywa cha Chinde, lina kina cha chini kabisa wakati wa maji kupwa cha mita 2 (futi 6 na inchi 7) kwenye lango la kuingilia na mita 4 (futi 13) ukienda ndani zaidi, na hili ndilo tawi linalotumiwa kwa usafiri wa vyombo vya majini. Takriban kilomita 100 (maili 62) mbele zaidi kuelekea kaskazini kuna mto unaoitwa Quelimane, ukipewa jina la mji uliopo kwenye kinywa chake. Mkondo huu wa maji, ambao unajaa tabaka la mchanga na matope, unapokea maji ya ziada yanayofurika kutoka Zambezi wakati wa majira ya masika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zambezi - Encyclopedia|url=https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/z/zambezi.html|work=theodora.com|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en}}</ref> == Delta == Delta ya Zambezi leo hii ina upana wa takriban nusu ya ule uliokuwepo kabla ya ujenzi wa mabwawa ya Kariba na Cahora Bassa kudhibiti mabadiliko ya msimu ya kasi ya utiririkaji wa mto huo. Kabla ya mabwawa hayo kujengwa, mafuriko ya msimu ya Zambezi yalikuwa na athari tofauti kabisa kwenye mifumo ya ikolojia ya delta ikilinganishwa na leo, kwani yalileta maji baridi yenye virutubisho vingi kuelekea kwenye ardhi oevu ya pwani ya Bahari ya Hindi. Upande wa chini wa Zambezi ulikuwa ukipata ongezeko dogo la ghafla la maji ya mafuriko mwanzoni mwa majira ya kiangazi wakati mvua katika eneo la bonde la Gwembe na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Zimbabwe ilipotiririka kwa kasi, wakati mvua kutoka upande wa juu wa Zambezi, Kafue, na mabonde ya Ziwa Malawi, pamoja na Luangwa kwa kiasi kidogo, zikiwa bado zimezuiliwa na mabwawa pamoja na nyanda za mafuriko. Kutiririka kwa mifumo hii huchangia katika mafuriko makubwa zaidi mnamo mwezi Machi au Aprili, kukiwa na wastani wa kiwango cha juu cha mwezi kwa Aprili wa mita za ujazo 6,700 (futi za ujazo 240,000) kwa sekunde katika eneo la delta. Rekodi ya mafuriko makubwa zaidi ilikuwa kubwa zaidi ya mara tatu ya kiwango hicho, ambapo mita za ujazo 22,500 (futi za ujazo 790,000) kwa sekunde zilirekodiwa mnamo mwaka 1958. Kinyume chake, kiasi cha maji yaliyotiririka mwishoni mwa majira ya kiangazi kilikuwa na wastani wa mita za ujazo 500 (futi za ujazo 18,000) pekee kwa sekunde. Katika miaka ya 1960 na 1970, ujenzi wa mabwawa ulibadilisha kabisa mfumo huo. Upande wa chini wa mto, wastani wa kiwango cha chini hadi cha juu cha mwezi ulikuwa mita za ujazo 500 hadi 6,000 (futi za ujazo 18,000 hadi 212,000) kwa sekunde; sasa hivi ni mita za ujazo 1,000 hadi 3,900 (futi za ujazo 35,000 hadi 138,000) kwa sekunde. Hasa mafuriko ya kiwango cha kati, ya aina ile ambayo ikolojia ya upande wa chini wa Zambezi ilikuwa imeafikiana nayo, yanatokea kwa uchache zaidi na yanachukua muda mfupi zaidi. Kama ilivyo kwa athari mbaya za Bwawa la Itezhi-Tezhi kwenye Nyanda za Kafue, jambo hili lina athari hizi zifuatazo: * Mifumo ya ulishaji na uzalishaji wa samaki, ndege, na wanyamapori wengine ilivurugika. * Zinabaki nyanda za nyasi chache zaidi baada ya mafuriko kwa ajili ya malisho ya wanyamapori na ng'ombe. * Mifumo ya jadi ya kilimo na uvuvi ilivurugika.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=eiR_RLPB6GAC&q=traditional+farming+and+fishing+patterns+disrupted&pg=PA41&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=traditional%20farming%20and%20fishing%20patterns%20disrupted&f=false|title=Revise AS Level Geography for Edexcel Specification B|last=Knifton|first=Dulcie|date=2004-07|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=978-0-435-10154-1|language=en}}</ref> == Ekolojia == [[Faili:Zambezi River Delta.jpg|thumb|Mwonekano wenye maelezo wa Delta ya Mto Zambezi kutoka angani]] Mifumo ya ja Delta ya Zambezi ina maeneo makubwa ya nyanda za nyasi zinazofurika kwa msimu na zile zinazofurika kudumu, savana, na misitu ya mabwawa. Pamoja na nyanda za mafuriko za Mito ya Buzi, Pungwe, na Save, nyanda hizi za mafuriko za Zambezi zinaunda eneo la ikolojia la savana ya pwani inayofurika ya Zambezi nchini Msumbiji, chini ya Mfuko wa Wanyamapori Duniani (WWF). Savana hizo zinazofurika zipo karibu na pwani ya Bahari ya Hindi. Misitu ya mikoko inazunguka pembezoni mwa ukanda wa pwani wa delta hiyo. [[Faili:Zambezi Barotse floodplain.jpg|thumb|Picha ya NASA ya rangi zisizo halisi ikionyesha upande wa juu wa Zambezi na nyanda za mafuriko za Barotse (Balozi) wakati wa mafuriko makubwa kupita kiasi mnamo mwaka 2003]] Ingawa mabwawa hayo yamedhibiti kiasi fulani cha mafuriko ya kila mwaka ya upande wa chini wa Mto Zambezi na kusababisha eneo la nyanda za mafuriko kupungua sana, hayajaondoa mafuriko kabisa. Hayawezi kudhibiti mafuriko makubwa kupita kiasi, na yamefanya tu mafuriko ya kiwango cha kati kutokea kwa uchache zaidi. Mvua kubwa katika upande wa chini wa Zambezi inapoungana na mtiririko mkubwa wa maji kutoka juu ya mto, mafuriko makubwa bado hutokea, na ardhi oevu bado inabaki kuwa makazi muhimu ya viumbe. Hata hivyo, kupungua kwa ardhi hiyo oevu kulisababisha ujangili na uwindaji usiodhibitiwa wa wanyama kama vile nyati na kulungu wakati wa Vita vya wenyewe vya Msumbiji. Ingawa eneo hili limepungua idadi ya mamalia wakubwa, bado ni makazi ya baadhi yao, wakiwemo kulungu na pofu wanaohama. Wanyama wanaokula nyama wanaopatikana hapa ni pamoja na simba (''Panthera leo''), chui (''Panthera pardus''), duma (''Acinonyx jubatus''), fisi madoa (''Crocuta crocuta''), na bweha-milia (''Canis adustus''). Nyanda hizi za mafuriko ni maficho salama kwa ajili ya ndege wa majini wanaohama, wakiwemo bata-buzi mkia-mshale (pintails), bata-buzi mabawa-buluu (garganey), korongo dondola (''Anastomus lamelligerus''), korongo mdomo-wazi (''Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis''), korongo-nyani (''Bugeranus carunculatus''), na mtondo mweupe (''Pelecanus onocrotalus'').<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zambezian coastal flooded savanna {{!}} Ecoregions {{!}} WWF|url=https://ecoregions.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0906/|work=ecoregions.worldwildlife.org|accessdate=2026-06-24}}</ref> Wanyama watambaao ni pamoja na mamba wa Nile (''Crocodylus niloticus''), kenge wa Nile (''Varanus niloticus''), chatu wa Afrika (''Python sebae''), nyoka-nyoo wa Pungwe (''Leptotyphlops pungwensis'') ambaye anapatikana katika eneo hilo tu, na aina nyingine tatu za nyoka ambao wanakaribia kupatikana katika eneo hilo pekee: nyoka wa majini wa nyanda za mafuriko (''Lycodonomorphus whytei obscuriventris''), nyoka-mbwa kibete (''Lycophidion nanus''), na kipile wa marika/mabwawa (''Proatheris'').<ref name=":0" /> Aina kadhaa za vipepeo zinapatikana katika eneo hilo tu. [[Faili:Zambezi delta.jpg|thumb|Delta ya Zambezi]] [[Faili:ISS009-E-7622- Zambezi river near Mongu.jpg|thumb|Mto na nyanda zake za mafuriko karibu na Mongu nchini Zambia]] [[Faili:Zambezi Flood Plain, Namibia (EO-1).jpg|thumb|Picha hii yenye maelezo ya kina ya rangi halisi inaonyesha ukingo wa mashariki wa wazi kabisa wa nyanda za mafuriko za Zambezi.]] == Hali ya hewa == Upande wa kaskazini wa bonde la Zambezi una wastani wa mvua wa milimita 1100 hadi 1400 kwa mwaka, kiwango ambacho hupungua kuelekea kusini na kufikia takriban nusu ya idadi hiyo upande wa kusini-magharibi. Mvua hiyo hunyesha katika msimu wa mvua wa kiangazi unaodumu kwa miezi 4 hadi 6, wakati Ukanda wa Mkutaniko wa Hali ya Hewa wa Kitropiki unaposogea juu ya bonde hilo kutokea kaskazini kati ya Oktoba na Machi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Canoeing on the Zambezi River|url=https://www.thetravelvibes.com/canoeing-on-the-zambezi-river/|work=The Travel Vibes|date=2024-03-03|accessdate=2026-06-24|language=en-US|author=Jessica|archive-date=2026-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610060002/https://www.thetravelvibes.com/canoeing-on-the-zambezi-river/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viwango vya uvukizaji wa maji viko juu (milimita 1600 hadi 2300), na maji mengi hupotea kwa njia hii katika mabwawa na nyanda za mafuriko, hasa upande wa kusini-magharibi wa bonde hilo.<ref>https://gorongosa.org/research/research_documents/Patterns_Hydrological_Change_Zambezi_Delta.pdf{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Historia ya Jiolojia == [[Faili:Victoria Falls National Park marker.jpg|thumb|Alama ya Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Victoria Falls]] Hadi kufikia mwishoni mwa kipindi cha Pliocene au Pleistocene (zaidi ya miaka milioni mbili iliyopita), upande wa juu wa Mto Zambezi ulitiririka kuelekea kusini kupitia eneo ambalo sasa hivi ni Bonde la Makgadikgadi hadi kwenye [[Limpopo (mto)|Mto Limpopo]]. Mabadiliko hayo ya mkondo wa mto ni matokeo ya misongezo ya kijiolojia ya kusaidiana kimaumbile ambayo iliinua uso wa ardhi kwenye eneo ambalo leo hii ni mgawanyaji wa maji kati ya mito hiyo miwili. Wakati huo huo, umbali wa kilomita 1,000 (maili 620) kuelekea mashariki, kijito cha magharibi cha Mto Shire—katika upanuzi wa kusini wa [[Bonde la Ufa]] la Afrika Mashariki linalopita nchini [[Malawi]]—lilisababisha mmomonyoko uliotengeneza bonde lenye kina kirefu kwenye ukingo wake wa magharibi. Kwa kasi ya polepole, upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi ulianza kumomonyoa na kurudisha nyuma sakafu ya mto wake kuelekea magharibi, ukisaidiwa na grabeni (mabonde ya ufa) zilizokuwa zikitengenezwa kwenye mkondo wake katika mhimili wa mashariki-magharibi. Ulivyofanya hivyo, uliichepua na kuimiliki mito kadhaa inayotiririka kuelekea kusini kama vile Luangwa na Kafue. [[Faili:Zambezi Flood Plain, Namibia (MODIS).jpg|thumb|Maji yanaonekana kwa rangi nyeusi katika picha hii ya rangi zisizo halisi ya nyanda za mafuriko za Zambezi.]] Hatimaye, ziwa kubwa lililokuwa limezuiliwa huko Makgadikgadi (au kijito chake) liliwahiwa na kuchepushwa na upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi uliokuwa ukimomonyoka kurudi nyuma kuelekea lilipo, na hivyo likamwaga maji yake kuelekea mashariki. Upande wa juu wa Mto Zambezi nao ulichepushwa pia. Upande wa kati wa Mto Zambezi ulikuwa chini kwa takriban mita 300 (futi 980) ikilinganishwa na upande wa juu wa mto huo, na hivyo maporomoko makubwa ya maji yakatengenezeka kwenye ukingo wa uwanda wa juu wa miamba ya volkano ambapo mto wa juu unatiririkia. Haya ndiyo yalikuwa Maporomoko ya kwanza ya Victoria, mahali fulani chini ya Bonde la Batoka karibu na eneo ambalo sasa hivi lipo Ziwa Kariba. == Historia == === Uvumbuzi === Ukanda wa Zambezi ulijulikana na wanajiografia wa zamani za kati kama Dola ya Monomotapa, na mkondo wa mto huo, pamoja na nafasi yalipo maziwa Ngami na Nyasa, vilichorwa kwa usahihi kwa ujumla katika ramani za mapema. Huenda ramani hizi zilitengenezwa kutokana na taarifa zilizotolewa na Waarabu. Mzungu wa kwanza kutembelea sehemu za ndani za Mto Zambezi alikuwa ''degredado'' (msitiriwa/mfungwa wa kigeni) wa Kireno, António Fernandes, mnamo mwaka 1511 na tena mwaka 1513, akiwa na lengo la kutoa taarifa kuhusu hali na shughuli za kibiashara za maeneo ya ndani ya Afrika ya Kati. Taarifa ya mwisho ya uvumbuzi huo ilionyesha umuhimu wa bandari za upande wa juu wa Zambezi katika mfumo wa biashara wa wenyeji, hususan katika biashara ya dhahabu ya Afrika Mashariki. Uvumbuzi wa kwanza kurekodiwa wa upande wa juu wa Mto Zambezi ulifanywa na [[David Livingstone]] katika safari yake ya uvumbuzi kutokea Bechuanaland kati ya mwaka 1851 na 1853. Miaka miwili au mitatu baadaye, alishuka kufuata mkondo wa Mto Zambezi hadi mdomoni mwake na katika safari hiyo aligundua Maporomoko ya Victoria. Katika kipindi cha mwaka 1858–1860, akiwa ameambatana na John Kirk, Livingstone alipanda mto huo kupitia mdomo wa Kongone hadi kufikia kwenye maporomoko hayo, na pia alifuatilia mkondo wa tawimto lake la Shire na kufika Ziwa Malawi. [[Faili:Satellite view of Victoria Falls.jpg|thumb|Picha ya satelaiti inayoonyesha Maporomoko ya Victoria na mfululizo wa mabonde yenye miteremko mikali ya kupishana.]] Kwa miaka 35 iliyofuata, uvumbuzi mdogo sana ulifanyika kwenye mto huo. Mvumbuzi wa Kireno, Serpa Pinto, alichunguza baadhi ya mabonde ya magharibi ya mto huo na kufanya vipimo vya Maporomoko ya Victoria mnamo mwaka 1878. Mnamo mwaka 1884, mmishonari mzaliwa wa [[Uskoti|Scotland]] wa dhehebu la Plymouth Brethren, Frederick Stanley Arnot, alisafiri kupitia eneo lililoinuka la ardhi kati ya vyanzo vya maji (watersheds) vya mito ya Zambezi na Kongo na kugundua chanzo cha Mto Zambezi. Aliona kuwa Kilima cha Kalene kilichopo karibu—ambacho kiko juu na kina hali ya hewa ya baridi—kilikuwa eneo linalofaa hasa kwa ajili ya kituo cha umishonari. Arnot aliambatana na mfanyabiashara na afisa wa jeshi wa Kireno, António da Silva Porto. Mnamo mwaka 1889, mfereji wa Chinde uliopo upande wa kaskazini wa midomo mikuu ya mto huo uligundulika. Misafara miwili ya uvumbuzi iliyoongozwa na Meja A. St Hill Gibbons kuanzia mwaka 1895 hadi 1896 na kuanzia 1898 hadi 1900 iliendeleza kazi ya uvumbuzi iliyoanzishwa na Livingstone katika bonde la juu na mkondo wa kati wa mto huo. == Matawimto == [[Tawimto|Matawimto]] muhimu zaidi ni [[Cuando]], [[Kafue (mto)|Kafue]], [[Luangwa (mto)|Luangwa]] na [[Shire (mto)|Shire]]. == Miji muhimu mtoni == * [[Mongu]] * [[Lukulu]] * [[Katima Mulilo]] (Namibia), [[Sesheke]] (Zambia) * [[Livingstone (Zambia)]], [[Victoria Falls (mji)]] (Zimbabwe) * [[Kariba, Zimbabwe|Kariba]] * [[Songo, Msumbiji|Songo]] * [[Tete]] == Wanyamapori == [[Faili:Zambezi – Elephants crossing the river- 1 ca 12.11.2009.jpg|thumb|Tembo wakivuka mto]] Mto huo unahimili idadi kubwa ya wanyama wengi. Viboko wanapatikana kwa wingi katika maeneo mengi yenye mtiririko mtulivu wa mto huo, pamoja na mamba wa Nile. Kenge wanapatikana katika maeneo mengi. Ndege pia wako kwa wingi, kukiwa na aina za ndege kama vile kozi, mtondo/mwari, kulastara, nembe, na tai-fisi wanaopatikana kwa idadi kubwa. Misitu ya kando ya mto pia inahimili wanyama wengi wakubwa, kama vile nyati, pundamilia, twiga, na tembo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Zambezi River {{!}} Physical Features {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambezi-River?utm_source=chatgpt.com|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref> [[Faili:Hippopotamus in the Zambezi.jpg|thumb|Kiboko katika Mto Zambezi]] Mto Zambezi pia unahimili mamia ya aina za samaki, ambapo baadhi yao wanapatikana katika mto huo tu. Aina muhimu ni pamoja na rasi/perege, ambao huvuliwa kwa wingi sana kwa ajili ya chakula, pamoja na kambale, kacha, mninga, na aina nyingine kubwa za samaki. Papa-fahali wakati mwingine hujulikana kama 'papa wa Zambezi' kwa jina la mto huo, asichanganywe na jamii ya papa wa maji baridi wa ''Glyphis'' ambao pia wanaishi katika mto huo. ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Angola]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Botswana]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Msumbiji]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Namibia]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Zambia]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya Zimbabwe]] == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html Watersheds of Africa: A20 Zambezi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af27.html |date=20070312073055 }} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mto Zambezi| ]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Zambia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Botswana]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Msumbiji]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Namibia]] [[Jamii:Bahari ya Hindi]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] gyfrhj32k1ptgxcuogt3f6hxx7cn52o 0 3072 1590080 1307712 2026-08-21T21:53:37Z Mmmjb 91830 THE LIFE HISTORY OF JACOB RICHARD CHENGULA 1. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION My name is Jacob Richard Chengula, born on 7 April 1984 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Throughout my football career and public life, I have also used the name Mfwimi Msanguka Mwamakafu. People who wish to learn more about my football history and activities can search for the name “Mfwimi Msanguka”on Google and YouTube. I am a football player, football coach, Vodacom freelancer, and Director of Real Dar company 1590080 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Göbekli Tepe, Urfa.jpg|thumb|right|[[Göbekli Tepe]], leo kusini-mashariki mwa nchi ya Uturuki, ilijengwa miaka 11,000 hivi iliyopita. Haya ndiyo mabaki yake.]] '''Historia ya awali''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''prehistory'') ni kipindi kirefu sana cha [[historia]], kikichukua miaka yote tangu [[binadamu]] walipotokea [[Dunia|duniani]] mpaka [[historia andishi]] ilipoanza (huko [[Mesopotamia]] miaka 3,300 hivi [[KK]]).<ref name="Shotwell1922">Shotwell, James Thomson. An Introduction to the History of History. Records of civilization, sources and studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1922.</ref> Ingawa muda ni mrefu sana na ni wa msingi kwa historia yote iliyofuata, watu hawakuwa wengi kama walivyozidi kuwa kadiri ya maendeleo yao. Maisha yao hayakuwa marefu kutokana na ugumu wa mazingira na utovu wa vifaa na dawa mbalimbali. ==Jacob Richard Chengula== Katika [[lugha]] nyingi [[msamiati]] ni '''kabla ya historia''' (k.mf. kwa [[Kiingereza]] ni pre-history), ambao unatokana na maneno ya [[Kigiriki]] προ, pro, yaani "kabla" na ιστορία, istoria, yaani "historia"). [[Paul Tournal]] mwanzoni alitunga neno la [[Kifaransa]] “Pré-historique” katika kuelezea [[ugunduzi]] aliofanya katika [[pango|mapango]] ya [[kusini]] mwa [[Ufaransa]]. Neno hilo lilitumika katika Ufaransa kuanzia [[miaka ya 1830]] kuelezea kipindi kabla ya [[uandishi]], na baadaye likaingizwa na [[Daniel Wilson]] katika [[Kiingereza]] [[mwaka]] [[1851]]. ==Vipindi vya historia ya awali== Sehemu kubwa kabisa ya historia ya binadamu ilitokea kabla ya maandishi kugunduliwa. Kuhusu zamani hizo tunapata [[habari]] kutokana na [[utafiti]] wa [[akiolojia]]. Kwa njia hiyo tunakuta mabaki ya ya siku zile kama vile [[kifaa|vifaa]], [[Jengo|majengo]] au pia uchoraji kwenye kuta za mapango lakini tunakosa maelezo jinsi yanavyopatikana tangu watu waanze kuandika kumbukumbu. Kati ya vipindi vya historia ya awali ni [[zama za mawe]]. Wakati huo wote watu walipiga hatua muhimu ya maendeleo, kama vile [[ubunifu|kubuni]] vifaa vya kwanza, [[kilimo]], na kujenga [[kijiji|vijiji]] na [[miji]] ya kwanza. Hata vyanzo vya [[teknolojia]] za [[metali]], kama [[zama za shaba]] na [[zama za chuma]], vilitokea kabla ya kugundua maandishi katika sehemu nyingi za dunia. Lakini mifano ya kwanza ya [[utamaduni]] wa kimaandishi ilitokea wakati wa kubuni matumizi ya [[shaba]] na [[bronzi]] huko [[Misri]] na [[Mesopotamia]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.science.ulster.ac.uk/cma/slan/ Submerged Landscapes Archaeological Network] {{Wayback|url=http://www.science.ulster.ac.uk/cma/slan/ |date=20070508182338 }} * The Neanderthal site at [https://web.archive.org/web/20091022080203/http://geocities.com/patrickbringmans/veldwezelt-hezerwater.html Veldwezelt-Hezerwater], Belgium. * [http://www.northpacificprehistory.com North Pacific Prehistory] is an academic journal specialising in Northeast Asian and North American archaeology. * Prehistory in Algeria and in Morocco [http://www.neolithique.eu/index.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.neolithique.eu/index.html |date=20090608172540 }} * [http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtmid/Library/subject_resources/socials/early_humans.htm Early Humans] {{Wayback|url=http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtmid/Library/subject_resources/socials/early_humans.htm |date=20071106014600 }} a collection of resources for students from the Courtenay Middle School Library. {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia]] c0uhf7dgp7nle3pgiy1ylbobctzepqo 1590274 1590080 2026-08-22T09:26:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/Mmmjb|Mmmjb]] ([[User talk:Mmmjb|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 1307712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Göbekli Tepe, Urfa.jpg|thumb|right|[[Göbekli Tepe]], leo kusini-mashariki mwa nchi ya Uturuki, ilijengwa miaka 11,000 hivi iliyopita. Haya ndiyo mabaki yake.]] '''Historia ya awali''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''prehistory'') ni kipindi kirefu sana cha [[historia]], kikichukua miaka yote tangu [[binadamu]] walipotokea [[Dunia|duniani]] mpaka [[historia andishi]] ilipoanza (huko [[Mesopotamia]] miaka 3,300 hivi [[KK]]).<ref name="Shotwell1922">Shotwell, James Thomson. An Introduction to the History of History. Records of civilization, sources and studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1922.</ref> Ingawa muda ni mrefu sana na ni wa msingi kwa historia yote iliyofuata, watu hawakuwa wengi kama walivyozidi kuwa kadiri ya maendeleo yao. Maisha yao hayakuwa marefu kutokana na ugumu wa mazingira na utovu wa vifaa na dawa mbalimbali. ==Jina== Katika [[lugha]] nyingi [[msamiati]] ni '''kabla ya historia''' (k.mf. kwa [[Kiingereza]] ni pre-history), ambao unatokana na maneno ya [[Kigiriki]] προ, pro, yaani "kabla" na ιστορία, istoria, yaani "historia"). [[Paul Tournal]] mwanzoni alitunga neno la [[Kifaransa]] “Pré-historique” katika kuelezea [[ugunduzi]] aliofanya katika [[pango|mapango]] ya [[kusini]] mwa [[Ufaransa]]. Neno hilo lilitumika katika Ufaransa kuanzia [[miaka ya 1830]] kuelezea kipindi kabla ya [[uandishi]], na baadaye likaingizwa na [[Daniel Wilson]] katika [[Kiingereza]] [[mwaka]] [[1851]]. ==Vipindi vya historia ya awali== Sehemu kubwa kabisa ya historia ya binadamu ilitokea kabla ya maandishi kugunduliwa. Kuhusu zamani hizo tunapata [[habari]] kutokana na [[utafiti]] wa [[akiolojia]]. Kwa njia hiyo tunakuta mabaki ya ya siku zile kama vile [[kifaa|vifaa]], [[Jengo|majengo]] au pia uchoraji kwenye kuta za mapango lakini tunakosa maelezo jinsi yanavyopatikana tangu watu waanze kuandika kumbukumbu. Kati ya vipindi vya historia ya awali ni [[zama za mawe]]. Wakati huo wote watu walipiga hatua muhimu ya maendeleo, kama vile [[ubunifu|kubuni]] vifaa vya kwanza, [[kilimo]], na kujenga [[kijiji|vijiji]] na [[miji]] ya kwanza. Hata vyanzo vya [[teknolojia]] za [[metali]], kama [[zama za shaba]] na [[zama za chuma]], vilitokea kabla ya kugundua maandishi katika sehemu nyingi za dunia. Lakini mifano ya kwanza ya [[utamaduni]] wa kimaandishi ilitokea wakati wa kubuni matumizi ya [[shaba]] na [[bronzi]] huko [[Misri]] na [[Mesopotamia]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.science.ulster.ac.uk/cma/slan/ Submerged Landscapes Archaeological Network] {{Wayback|url=http://www.science.ulster.ac.uk/cma/slan/ |date=20070508182338 }} * The Neanderthal site at [https://web.archive.org/web/20091022080203/http://geocities.com/patrickbringmans/veldwezelt-hezerwater.html Veldwezelt-Hezerwater], Belgium. * [http://www.northpacificprehistory.com North Pacific Prehistory] is an academic journal specialising in Northeast Asian and North American archaeology. * Prehistory in Algeria and in Morocco [http://www.neolithique.eu/index.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.neolithique.eu/index.html |date=20090608172540 }} * [http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtmid/Library/subject_resources/socials/early_humans.htm Early Humans] {{Wayback|url=http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtmid/Library/subject_resources/socials/early_humans.htm |date=20071106014600 }} a collection of resources for students from the Courtenay Middle School Library. {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia]] a5l8nfoay9mpnm9pd5cism0ja7c0r8n 0 9839 1590213 1587458 2026-08-22T07:21:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Vanuatu | jina_asili = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|bi|Ripablik blong Vanuatu}} |{{native name|fr|République de Vanuatu}}}} | bendera = Flag of Vanuatu (official).svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Kwa Mungu tunasimama"<br>{{native phrase|bi|Long God yumi stanap}}<br>{{native phrase|fr|Nous nous tenons devant Dieu}} | wimbo_wa_taifa = [[Yumi, Yumi, Yumi]] ("Sisi, Sisi, Sisi")<br>[[File:United States Navy Band - Yumi, Yumi, Yumi.ogg]] </br> | ramani = Vanuatu on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg | ramani2 = | maelezo_ramani = Mahali pa Vanuatu duniani (Polynesia) | maelezo_ramani2 = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Port Vila]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kibislama]], [[Kiingereza]], [[Kifaransa]] | lugha2 = | mwaka_dini = 2020 | dini = {{Plainlist| *93.4% [[Ukristo]] **75.1% [[Uprotestanti]] **13.5% [[Ukatoliki]] **4.8% nyingine za Kikristo *4.6% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.4% [[Baha'i]] *0.6% nyingine / hakuna }}<ref>{{cite web |title=Religious demographics (Vanuatu) |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=237c}}</ref> | uraia = [[Ni-Vanuatu]] | serikali = Jamhuri ya bunge ya muungano mmoja | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | kiongozi1 = [[Nikenike Vurobaravu]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | kiongozi2 = [[Jotham Napat]] | bunge = Bunge la Vanuatu | muundo_uhuru = Uhuru kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] | tukio1 = Uhuru | tukio1_tarehe = 30 Julai 1980 | tukio2 = | tukio2_tarehe = | eneo_jumla = 12,189 | maji = | watu_kadirio = 335,908<ref>{{cite web |title=Vanuatu Population (2023) |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/vanuatu-population/}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2023 | msongamano = 27.6 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2023 | plt_ppp = $1.002 bilioni<ref>{{cite web |title=IMF data |url=https://www.imf.org}}</ref> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $3,001 | mwaka_plt = 2023 | plt = $1.064 bilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = $3,188 | hdi = 0.621<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org}}</ref> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 146 | gini = 32.3<ref>{{cite web |title=Gini Index |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook |accessdate=2026-03-18 |archive-date=2023-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724194450/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | mwaka_gini = 2019 | fedha = [[Vatu ya Vanuatu]] (VUV) | majira_saa = UTC+11 (Saa za Vanuatu) | tld = .vu | msimbo_simu = +678 }} '''Vanuatu''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Vanuatu''') ni nchi ya [[kisiwa|visiwa]] katika [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] Kusini ndani ya eneo la [[Melanesia]]. Inapakana [[bahari|baharini]] na [[Australia]] mashariki, kaskazini-mashariki na [[Kaledonia Mpya]], magharibi na [[Fiji]], na kusini inapakana na [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]. Ina idadi ya watu takriban 335,908, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi zenye idadi ndogo ya watu duniani. [[Port Vila]] ndilo jiji kubwa zaidi na [[mji mkuu]], na [[Mji|miji]] mingine mikubwa ni [[Luganville]] na [[Norsup]]. Inajulikana kwa fukwe zake za kuvutia, [[Volkeno|volkano]] hai, na [[utamaduni]] wa jadi wa [[Melanesia]]. [[Lugha rasmi]] zinazozungumzwa zaidi ni [[Kibislama]], [[Kiingereza]], na [[Kifaransa]]. Visiwa vya Vanuatu vina mandhari ya [[mlima|milima]], [[msitu|misitu]] ya [[mvua]], na [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]] ya [[matumbawe]], pamoja na shughuli za mara kwa mara za volkano na [[Tetemeko la ardhi|matetemeko ya ardhi]]. [[Uchumi]] wake unategemea hasa [[kilimo]], [[utalii]], na [[uvuvi]], huku [[bidhaa]] kama [[nazi]], [[kakao]], na kava zikiwa muhimu. Nchi hii pia ina urithi mkubwa wa kitamaduni unaojumuisha lugha nyingi za kienyeji na mila tofauti kati ya visiwa vyake. == Historia == Historia ya Vanuatu inawakilisha historia ya [[funguvisiwa]] la Vanuatu katika kusini-magharibi mwa [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]]. Visiwa hivyo vilikaliwa na watu wanaozungumza [[Lugha za Kiaustronesia]] kama sehemu ya uenezi mpana wa jamii za ''[[Walapita]]'' katika [[Pasifiki]], huku ushahidi wa [[akiolojia]] ukionyesha kuwa makazi yalianzishwa zaidi ya miaka 3,000 iliyopita. <ref name="Britannica-Prehistory">{{cite web |last=Foster |first=Sophie |title=Vanuatu – Prehistory and early settlement |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu/Prehistory |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Jamii ziliendeleza [[lugha]], [[mila]], [[desturi]], na mifumo yao ya kijamii katika visiwa mbalimbali, huku zikidumu kuwa na uhusiano kupitia biashara, uhamaji, na mabadilishano kati ya visiwa. <ref name="UNESCO-Vanuatu">{{cite web |title=Chief Roi Mata’s Domain |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1280/ |website=whc.unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Mawasiliano na [[Mzungu|Wazungu]] yalianza mwaka [[1606]], wakati mvumbuzi wa [[Hispania]] [[Pedro Fernandes de Queirós]] alipofika visiwani humo na kuvidai kwa niaba ya [[Hispania]]. <ref name="Britannica-Exploration">{{cite web |last=Foster |first=Sophie |title=Vanuatu – European exploration |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu/European-exploration |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Uchunguzi wa Wazungu uliongezeka katika [[karne ya 18]], hasa kupitia safari za [[Louis Antoine de Bougainville]] na [[James Cook]], ambao walichora [[ramani]] za sehemu za funguvisiwa hilo. <ref name="Britannica-Exploration"/> Cook alivipa visiwa hivyo jina la New Hebrides, ambalo liliendelea kutumiwa wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. <ref name="BBC-VanuatuProfile">{{cite web |title=Vanuatu country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15549049 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC |access-date=12 August 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mawasiliano hayo pia yalileta magonjwa, [[wamisionari]], wafanyabiashara, na waajiri wa wafanyakazi, hali iliyosababisha mabadiliko makubwa ya idadi ya watu na maisha ya kijamii miongoni mwa wenyeji. <ref name="Britannica-Colonial">{{cite web |last=Foster |first=Sophie |title=Vanuatu – Colonial rule |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu/Colonial-rule |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Katika [[karne ya 19]], maslahi ya [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] yaliongezeka katika visiwa hivyo. Mwaka 1906, nchi hizo mbili zilianzisha Utawala wa Pamoja wa ''Anglo-Ufaransa'' wa ''New Hebrides'', ambapo mataifa hayo mawili yalisimamia kwa pamoja eneo hilo. <ref name="Britannica-Condominium">{{cite web |last=Foster |first=Sophie |title=Vanuatu – The Anglo-French Condominium |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu/The-Anglo-French-Condominium |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Utawala huo uliunda mifumo tofauti ya kiutawala ya [[Waingereza|Kiingereza]] na [[Wafaransa|Kifaransa]] sambamba na jamii za wenyeji na ukajulikana kwa mfumo wake tata wa utawala wa pande mbili. <ref name="Britannica-Condominium"/> Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], visiwa hivyo vilikuwa kituo muhimu cha kijeshi cha Washirika katika Pasifiki, huku maelfu ya wanajeshi wakipatiwa makazi huko. <ref name="BBC-VanuatuProfile"/> Baada ya vita, harakati za kudai [[uhuru]] zilipata nguvu huku mashirika ya kisiasa ya wenyeji yakidai kujitawala zaidi na kumalizika kwa utawala wa kikoloni. <ref name="Britannica-Independence">{{cite web |last=Foster |first=Sophie |title=Vanuatu – Move toward independence |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vanuatu/Move-toward-independence |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=12 August 2026}}</ref> Chama cha ''Vanua'aku Pati'', kilichoongozwa na viongozi akiwemo [[Walter Lini]], kikawa na nguvu kubwa katika harakati za uhuru. <ref name="Britannica-Independence"/> New Hebrides ilipata uhuru kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] tarehe 30 Julai 1980, ikachukua jina la Vanuatu na kuanzisha jamhuri ya kibunge. <ref name="BBC-VanuatuProfile"/> Tangu uhuru, Vanuatu imeendelea kudumisha taasisi za kidemokrasia huku ikipitia mabadiliko ya serikali na kuendelea kuendeleza uchumi, miundombinu, na taasisi za kitaifa. <ref name="WFB-Vanuatu">{{cite web |title=Vanuatu – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vanuatu/ |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=12 August 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132322/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vanuatu |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Demografia== Kuna wakazi 335,908 ([[2023]]) wakiongea [[lugha]] asili 113 (angalia [[orodha ya lugha za Vanuatu]]). Wakazi wana asili ya Melanesia. Inawezekana watu wa kwanza walihamia visiwani miaka 4,000 iliyopita. Kwa sasa wengi ni [[Wakristo]] (93.4%), hasa [[Waprotestanti]] ([[Wakalvini]], [[Waanglikana]] n.k.), halafu [[Wakatoliki]] (13.5%). ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Pasifiki}} {{mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Vanuatu]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Australia na Pasifiki]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] dx61om4p61xiisis9uwncvjnmkratao 0 14316 1590163 1481878 2026-08-22T02:56:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 |Jina = Tatyana Ali |Img = Tatyana Ali in Zuhair Murad and Swarovski Inauguration Night 2.JPG |Img_capt = Tatyana Ali at the U.S. Presidential Inauguration (2009). |Background = solo_singer |Jina la kuzaliwa = Tatyana Marisol Ali<ref name="nndb">{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/930/000108606/|title=Tatyana Ali at NNDB|publisher=NNDB.com|accessdate=2007-09-24}}</ref> |P.a.k = Ty, Taty |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1979|1|24|df=yes}} |Asili yake = North Bellmore, [[Long Island]], [[NYC|New York]], [[Marekani]] |Aina = R&B, Soul, Dansi-Pop |Kazi yake = [[Filamu]], [[mwigizaji|Mwigizaji wa televisheni]]<br>[[Mwimbaji]] |Miaka ya kazi = 1985 — hadi leo </small>(mwigizaji)<br>1997 — hadi leo </small>(mwibaji) |Studio = [[MJJ Music|MJJ]]/[[Work Records|Work]]/[[Sony Music Entertainment|SME Records]] <br> (1997—2001) | |Ameshirikiana na = [[Will Smith]] |Tovuti = [http://www.tatyanaalionline.com tatyanaalionline.com] }} '''Tatyana Marisol Ali''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[24 Januari]] [[1979]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[R&B|muziki wa R&B]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Huenda akawa anafahamika zaidi kwa kucheza kama Ashley Banks kutoka katika ucheshi wa [[Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]], aliokuwa anaigiza na [[Will Smith]]. ==Wasifu== ===Maisha ya awali=== Ali alizaliwa mjini Long Island, [[New York]], [[Marekani]], ni binti wa Sonia, mwuguzi, na Sheriff Ali, askari mpelelezi. Mama yake ni mzaliwa wa [[Panama]] na baba yake ni mhindi asilia kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]]. Ali pia ana wadogo zake wa kike wawili, mmoja anaitwa Anastasia mwingine anaitwa Kimberly. Ali ni mwongeaji mzuri wa [[Kiingereza]] na [[Hispania|Kihispania]]. Tatyana alipata elimu yake ya sekondari katika shule ya Marymount High School iliyopo magharibi mwa [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], na Buckley School iliyopo Sherman Oaks, [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2002]], Ali alihitimu Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard (Harvard University) na kupata digrii ya sayansi ya jamii. ==Filamu alizoigiza Ali== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Mwaka ! Filamu ! Aliigiza kama ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 1987 | ''Eddie Murphy Raw'' | Dada yake Eddie | Kipande kifupi |- | 1988 | ''Crocodile Dundee II'' | Park Girl | |- | 1988 | ''Wow, You're a Cartoonist!'' | Child Cartoonist | Filamu fupi |- | 1997 | ''Fakin' da Funk'' | Karyn | |- | 1997 | ''Kiss the Girls'' | Janell Cross | |- | 1998 | ''The Clown at Midnight'' | Monica | |- | 1999 | ''Jawbreaker'' | Brenda | |- | 2000 | ''Brother'' | Latifa | |- | 2001 | ''The Brothers'' | Cherie Smith | |- | 2003 | ''National Lampoon Presents Dorm Daze'' | Claire | |- | 2004 | ''Nora's Hair Salon'' | Lilleana | |- | 2005 | ''|Back in the Day'' | Alicia Packer | |- | 2005 | ''Domino One'' | Laeticia Richards | |- | 2006 | ''Glory Road'' | Tina Malichi | |- | 2006 | ''A Warm Place'' | Clair Andrews | Filamu fupi |- | 2007 | ''The List'' | Cynthia | |- | 2008 | ''Down & Out'' | | Filamu fupi |- | 2008 | ''Nora's Hair Salon 2: A Cut Above'' | Lilleana | |- | 2008 | ''Hotel California'' | Jessie | |- | 2009 | ''Mother and Child'' | Maria | |- | 2010 | ''Pete Smalls Is Dead'' | Cocktail Waitress | |- | 2012 | ''Privileged'' | Talia | |- | 2012 | ''Dysfunctional Friends'' | Alex | |- | 2012 | ''Home Again'' | Marva Johnson | |- | 2013 | ''24 Hour Love'' | Simply | |- | 2013 | ''The Last Letter'' | Jillian | |- | 2014 | ''Locker 13'' | Lucy | |- | 2015 | ''November Rule'' | Leah | |} ==Almbamu alizotoa== * ''Kiss the Sky'' (1998) * ''The Light'' (2007) ===Nyimbo maarufu=== * "Daydreamin'" - #5 [[Marekani|US]], #6 UK * "Boy You Knock Me Out" ''(Akishirikiana na Will Smith)'' - #3 UK * "Everytime" - #20 UK * "It's All Right"/"Somebody Loves You" - Bado kutolewa. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{IMDb name|id=0004700|name=Tatyana Ali}} * [http://www.tatyanaalionline.com Tovuti Rasmi ya Tatyana Ali's] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tatyanaalionline.com/ |date=20191201111243 }} * [http://www.thesportsinterview.com/ali.html Tatyana Ali Interview] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thesportsinterview.com/ali.html |date=20080502131630 }} {{Mbegu-muziki-Marekani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Tatyana}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qpxmfhncsep29wq03u4jgwn5fjo4zxm 0 14381 1590077 1184942 2026-08-21T21:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Muigizaji | rangi = Khaki | jina = Sanaa Lathan | picha = Sanaa Lathan Comic-Con 2011.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Sanaa Lathan mnamo 2011 | jina la kuzaliwa = Sanaa McCoy Lathan | alizaliwa = [[19 Septemba]] [[1971]] <br> [[Marekani]] | kafariki = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = Mwigizaji wa filamu. | miaka ya kazi = 1996- hadi leo | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | wazazi = | mahusiano = | tovuti = }} '''Sanaa McCoy Lathan''' (Amezaliwa tar. [[19 Septemba]] [[1971]]) ni mwigizaji mteule wa tuzo ya Tony (Tony Award) kama mwigizaji bora filamu wa kike [[Marekani]]. ==Filamu alizoigiza Sanaa== {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" | '''Mwaka''' || '''Jina la Filamu''' || '''Jina alilotumia''' || '''Maelezo mengine''' |- | 2006 in television|2006 || ''Nip/Tuck'' || Michelle Landau || ''recurring role'' |- | 2006 || ''Something New'' || Kenya McQueen || |- | 2004 ||''Alien vs. Predator'' || Alexa Woods || |- | 2003 || ''Out of Time'' || Ann Merai Harrison || |- | 2002 || ''Brown Sugar'' || Sidney 'Sid' Shaw || |- | 2000 || ''Disappearing Acts'' || Zora Banks || |- | 2000 || ''Love & Basketball'' || Monica Wright || |- | 1999 || ''The Best Man '' || Robin || |- | 1999 || ''The Wood'' || Alicia || |- | 1998 || ''Blade'' || Vanessa Brooks || |} ==Viungo vya Nje== * {{IMDb name|id=0005125|name=Sanaa Lathan}} * [http://www.askmen.com/women/actress_250/266_sanaa_lathan.html Sanaa Lathan] {{Wayback|url=http://www.askmen.com/women/actress_250/266_sanaa_lathan.html |date=20081203225555 }} katika [http://www.askmen.com AskMen.com] * [http://thesportsinterview.com/sanaa.html Sanaa Lathan interview] {{Wayback|url=http://thesportsinterview.com/sanaa.html |date=20081030033540 }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lathan, Sanaa}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d589rz0f9eot0a5uxcxwr2w6ire8pf8 0 17884 1590283 1580244 2026-08-22T09:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:William Wordsworth - Project Gutenberg eText 12933.jpg|thumb|William Wordsworth]] '''William Wordsworth''' ([[7 Aprili]] [[1770]] – [[23 Aprili]] [[1850]]) alikuwa mwandishi na mshairi muhimu wa karne ya 19 nchini [[Uingereza]]. Maandiko yake yahesabiwa kati ya fasihi ya kiromantiki na amesifiwa hasa kwa shairi ya "The Prelude" ''(= Utangulizi)''. == Maisha yake == Alizaliwa kama mtoto wa mwanasheria akasoma kwenye chuo kikuu cha Cambridge. Alipokuwa mwanafunzi alipenda habari za [[mapinduzi ya Ufaransa]] akatembelea nchi hii mwaka 1890. Baadaye alichukia siasa ya mapinduzi Wafaransa walipovamia Uswisi mwaka 1798 akaendelea kusimama upande wa watetezi wa utaratibu wa kale. Tangu 1793 alianza kutoa shairi zake zilizopendwa na wasomaji. 1805 alimwoa Mary Hutchinson akazaa naye watoto 5. Akaendelea kuwa maarufu na mwaka 1843 akapokea cheo cha mshairi rasmi wa mfalme. == Maandiko muhimu == * ''Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems'' ([[1798]]) * ''Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems'' ([[1800]]) * ''Poems, in Two Volumes'' ([[1807]]) * ''The Excursion'' ([[1814]]) * ''Ecclesiastical Sketches'' ([[1822]]) * ''The Prelude'' ([[1850]], posthumous) == Marejeo ya Nje == * {{cite book | title=The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume 2A, The Romantic Period (7th ed.) | url=https://archive.org/details/nortonanthologyo0002unse_g0i1 | publisher=W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. | location=New York | year=2000 | editor=M. H. Abrams | id=ISBN 0-393-97568-1}} * {{cite book | title=William Wordsworth: The Major Works | publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc. | location=New York | year=2000 | editor=Stephen Gill | id=ISBN 0-19-284044-4}} {{wikiquote}} {{commons|William Wordsworth}} === Viungo vingine === * [http://www.victorianweb.org/previctorian/ww/bio.html Short biographical sketch by Glenn Everett] * [http://www.clainesfriends.org.uk/wordsworth.html Worsworth's links with Claines, Worcester] {{Wayback|url=http://www.clainesfriends.org.uk/wordsworth.html |date=20081105091257 }} * [http://www.english-lakes.com/william_wordsworth.html Wordsworth and the Lake District] * [http://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/wordsworth.htm Wordsworth's Grave] * [http://www.usd.edu/~tgannon/txts/wordsfaq.txt A Wordsworth FAQ by Thomas C. Gannon] * [http://www.online-literature.com/wordsworth Biography and Works] * [http://www.visitcumbria.com/wilword.htm Wordsworth and the Lake District] {{Wayback|url=http://www.visitcumbria.com/wilword.htm |date=20070622045106 }} * [http://www.wordsworth.org.uk The Wordsworth Trust] * [http://www.rc.umd.edu/ Romantic Circles -- Excellent Editions & Articles on Wordsworth and other Authors of the Romantic period] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rc.umd.edu/ |date=20110228024220 }} === Maandiko ya Wordsworth mtandaoni === * [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Wordsworth en:wikisource] * [http://www.bartleby.com/145/wordchrono.html Bartleby.com's complete poetical works by Wordsworth] * [http://www.poetseers.org/the_romantics/william_wordsworth/library Selected Poems by W.Wordsworth] {{Wayback|url=http://www.poetseers.org/the_romantics/william_wordsworth/library |date=20050118054007 }} * [http://www.online-literature.com/wordsworth Biography and Works] * {{gutenberg author|id=William_Wordsworth|name=William Wordsworth}} * [http://www.sanjeev.net/poetry/wordsworth-william/index.html Poetry Archive: 166 poems of William Wordsworth] * [http://thelouvertureproject.org/wiki/index.php?title=To_Toussaint_Louverture_-_poem_by_Wordsworth To Toussaint Louverture - poem by William Wordsworth] {{Wayback|url=http://thelouvertureproject.org/wiki/index.php?title=To_Toussaint_Louverture_-_poem_by_Wordsworth |date=20060223132458 }} * [http://www.thetalisman.org.uk/tintern/index.htm Extensive Information on Wordsworth's Poem, '' Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thetalisman.org.uk/tintern/index.htm |date=20050311013036 }} {{BD|1770|1850|Wordsworth, William}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza|Wordsworth, William]] 0tqqchi4jgj4br4n7zlud3yi1vsfo0t 0 23538 1590225 1278285 2026-08-22T08:35:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Painting of Ste Genevieve in the Church of Ste Genevieve in Ste Genevieve MO.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Mtakatifu Genevieve]] akiwekwa wakfu na [[askofu]]: [[mchoro]] wa [[mwaka]] [[1821]] ([[Ste. Genevieve, Missouri]]).]] '''Wakfu''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]] <big>وقف</big>‎‎) inamaanisha hali ya kutengwa na matumizi mengine, hasa kwa ajili ya matumizi ya ki[[dini]] au manufaa kwa [[umma]] tu. [[Watu]], [[kitu|vitu]] na [[mahali]] wanaweza kuwekwa wakfu kwa namna mbalimbali. ==Maana ya Kisheria== Kwa maana ya kisheria wakfu (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''foundation'' au ''charitable trust'') ni taasisi au shirika lililopokea [[mali]] au [[pesa]] kwa matumizi ya manufaa kwa umma. Sheria za [[Kenya]]<ref>[http://kenyanlawyer.blogspot.de/2010/11/establishment-of-charitable-foundation.html Establishment of charitable foundation], fungu '(B) ADVICE ON INCORPORATION OF A FOUNDATION UNDER THE TRUSTEES (PERPETUAL SUCCESSION) ACT</ref> zinaruhusu mali kuwekwa wakfu kwa manufaa ya dini, [[elimu]], [[utamaduni]], [[sayansi]], [[jamii]], [[michezo]] au usaidizi wa watu [[maskini]]<ref>"for any religious, educational, literary, scientific, social, athletic or charitable purpose", ( (Trustees Act Cap. 164 Section 3(1), Kenyanlawyer.blogspot,angalia juu)</ref>. Mali ya taasisi ya aina hiyo imo [[Mikono|mikononi]] mwa wadhamini (ing. trustees) wenye [[wajibu]] wa kutunza mali ya wakfu kwa madhumuni yaliyoelezwa katika hati ya taasisi na kuandikishwa katika [[ofisi]] ya [[serikali]]. Kimsingi taasisi ya wakfu ilipokea mali ambayo ni msingi wa [[kazi]] yake, kwa mfano [[ardhi]], [[Jengo|majengo]], [[hisa]] au pesa. Kuna pia mifano ya taasisi za wakfu zisizo na rasilmali zikitafuta zaidi michango ya wafadhili kwa ajili ya kazi yao kulingana na madhumuni. <ref>[https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Studies_69.pdf Private Foundations and Development Cooperation, Insights from Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Studies_69.pdf |date=20210909131423 }}, Erik Lundsgaarde na wengine, German Development Institute , Bonn 2012, ukurasa 48-49 hasa</ref> ==Ukristo== Katika [[Ukristo]], watu wanaweza kuwekwa wakfu, hasa kwa njia ya [[sakramenti]] zisizoweza kurudiwa kwa sababu zinatia [[alama isiyofutika milele]] (yaani [[ubatizo]], na kwa [[madhehebu]] mengine pia [[kipaimara]] na [[daraja takatifu]]), lakini pia kwa kushika [[maisha]] ya pekee katika [[useja mtakatifu]] (kwa kawaida pamoja na [[ufukara]] na [[utiifu]]). Vitu na mahali vinaweza kuwekwa wakfu hasa kwa ajili ya [[ibada]], k.mf. [[vyombo vya ibada]], [[mavazi ya ibada]] na [[kanisa]]. ==Uislamu== Katika [[Uislamu]] wakfu ni [[mali]] iliyotengwa kwa kusudi la kidini. Mifano ya wakfu ni kutoa [[kiwanja]] kwa kujenga [[msikiti]], [[shamba]] au [[nyumba]] ikiwa mapato yake yatagharamia misikiti, [[madrasa]], [[hospitali]], watu [[maskini]] au [[wanafunzi]], au pia kutoa [[pesa]] kwa makusudi haya. ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.cof.org/sites/default/files/Kenya-201605.pdf Public Benefit Organizations (PBOs), Companies Limited by Guarantee, Societies and Trusts under Kenya Law, Tovuti ya Council of Foundations cof.org (iliangaliwa Januari 2017). *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04276a.htm Consecration] article in [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15458a.htm Virginity] article in Catholic Encyclopedia discussing Consecration of a Virgin *[http://www.st-george-church.org/English/Centennial_&_Consecration/CCC3.htm Consecration of an Orthodox Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.st-george-church.org/English/Centennial_%26_Consecration/CCC3.htm |date=20070720060333 }} 6 pages of photos *[http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/9enmelbournecathedral.html Photos of Consecration of Altar and Antimens] *[http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8420.asp The Sanctification of Holy Chrism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.goarch.org/en/ourfaith/articles/article8420.asp |date=20030301104732 }} {{mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:Dini]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] [[Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa]] [[Jamii:Sheria]] 8ajxkkgq83udkqmmapbj41hgxic0fh1 0 24223 1590174 1495555 2026-08-22T03:54:02Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing Flag_of_Montgomery,_Alabama.svg with [[File:Flag_of_Montgomery,_Alabama_(1952–2026).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Hist split). 1590174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Montgomery,al.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Mji wa Montgomery, Alabama]] {{Infobox City |jina_rasmi = Montgomery, Alabama |picha_ya_satelite = Alabama State Capitol.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Ikulu ya Alabama |pushpin_map = Marekani |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa mji wa Montgomery katika Marekani |picha_ya_bendera = Flag of Montgomery, Alabama (1952–2026).svg |ukubwa_wa_picha = 100px |picha_ya_seal = Seal of Montgomery, Alabama.svg |seal_size = |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_type1 = [[:en:Political divisions of the United States|Jimbo]] |subdivision_type2 = [[:en:List of counties in Alabama|Kitongoji]] |subdivision_name = [[Marekani]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Alabama]] |subdivision_name2 = [[:en:Montgomery County, Alabama|Montgomery]] |idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa = 2006 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 201998 |latd=30 |latm=41 |lats=40 |latNS=N |longd=88 |longm=02 |longs=35 |longEW=W |website = [http://www.montgomeryal.gov/ www.MontgomeryAL.gov] }} [[Picha:Montgomery County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Montgomery Highlighted.svg|thumb|right|260px|Mahali pa Montgomery katika [[Alabama]]]] '''Montgomery''' ni mji mkuu wa jimbo la [[Alabama]] katika [[Marekani]]. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2000]], idadi ya wakazi wanaoishi hapa ilikuwa 201,568. == Wenyeji mashuhuri wa mjini hapa == * [[Nat King Cole]], mpiga piano na mwimbaji * [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu * [[Bart Starr]], [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]r == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.montgomery.al.us/ City of Montgomery, Alabama] {{Wayback|url=http://www.montgomery.al.us/ |date=20040804011945 }} {{commonscat|Montgomery, Alabama}} {{Miji Mikuu ya Marekani}} {{mbegu-jio-USA}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Marekani]] [[Jamii:Miji mikuu ya majimbo ya Marekani]] [[Jamii:Alabama]] 87k5cg31f3dqwf477rqpcd0xbxa9uvc 0 29213 1590164 1534726 2026-08-22T03:13:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Peter Paul Rubens 138.jpg|250px|right|Mt. Teresa alivyochorwa na [[Pieter Paul Rubens]]]] [[Picha:Livio Mehus con San Pietro d’Alcantara che comunica santa Teresa d’Avila (1683).jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Livio Mehus]], ''Mtakatifu [[Petro wa Alkantara]] [[ekaristi|akimkomunisha]] mtakatifu Teresa wa Avila''; picha ya mwaka (1683) inayotunzwa [[Prato]] ([[Italia]])]] [[Picha:Estasi di Santa Teresa.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Teresa nje ya nafsi yake alivyochongwa na [[Gianlorenzo Bernini]] katika [[marumaru]], [[basilika]] la [[Santa Maria della Vittoria]], [[Roma]].]] '''Teresa wa Yesu''' ([[Avila]], [[Hispania]], [[28 Machi]] [[1515]] - [[Alba de Tormes]], Hispania, [[usiku]] wa kuamkia [[tarehe]] [[15 Oktoba]] [[1582]]) ni [[jina la kitawa]] la '''Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda Ávila y Ahumada''', maarufu pia kama '''Teresa wa Avila'''. [[Mwanamke]] halisi, [[bikira]], [[utu]] wake ulikomaa: alikuwa na [[tabia]] ya kupendeza, [[uchangamfu]] na [[busara]] sana, [[uhodari]] na msimamo, uwezo wa kukubali hali iliyopo kwa kupanga vizuri na kufanikisha mambo. Kisha kujiunga na [[monasteri]] ya [[Wakarmeli]], akawa [[mama]] na [[mwalimu]] wa [[urekebisho]] kamili wa [[shirika]] lake, akikakibili kwa ajili hiyo tabu nyingi alizozishinda daima kwa imara; akapanga [[moyo|moyoni]] mwake [[safari]] ya [[roho]] kulenga [[ukamilifu wa Kikristo]] kama kupanda kwa [[ngazi]] hadi kwa [[Mungu]]; akaandika pia [[vitabu]] vyenye mafundisho ya hali ya juu na yaliyotokana na mang'amuzi yake ya dhati<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/24850</ref>. Ni kati ya watu muhimu zaidi katika ya [[historia ya Kanisa]] ya [[karne ya 16]], katika [[historia ya utawa]] na katika [[teolojia ya Kiroho]] kutokana na [[urekebisho]] aliouanzisha katika shirika la [[Wakarmeli]] (wanawake na wanaume vilevile) na kutokana na maandishi yake juu ya [[maisha ya kiroho]] yanayomfanya mwalimu wa [[sala]] aliye bora kuliko wote. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Paulo V]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] tarehe [[24 Aprili]] [[1614]], na [[Papa Gregori XV]] kuwa [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[12 Machi]] [[1622]], na hatimaye na [[Papa Paulo VI]] kuwa [[mwalimu wa Kanisa]] tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] [[1970]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila mwaka tarehe 15 Oktoba<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Maisha== ===Utoto na ujana=== Teresa alizaliwa Avila, Hispania, tarehe 28 Machi 1515, katika [[familia]] kubwa yenye asili ya [[Uyahudi|Kiyahudi]], ikiwa na [[watoto]] 9 wa kiume na 4 wa kike. Akisaidiwa na mfano wa [[wazazi]] wake, “waliokuwa waadilifu na wacha [[Mungu]]” (alivyosema mwenyewe), tangu [[utoto]]ni alionekana kuelekea sana maisha ya [[sala]] hasa [[upwekeni]]. Kabla ya kufikia [[umri]] wa miaka 9 alisoma habari za [[wafiadini]] kadhaa ambazo zilimfanya atamani kufia [[dini]] hivi kwamba alitoroka nyumbani ili akashiriki [[kifo]] chao na kwenda [[mbinguni]]. Aliwaambia wazazi wake, “Nataka kumuona Mungu”. Katika masomo yake ya utotoni aliona [[njia]] ya [[ukweli]] aliyoijumlisha katika mawazo mawili ya msingi: “Vitu vyote vya [[ulimwengu]] huu vitapita”, kumbe Mungu tu ni “wa [[milele]], milele, milele”. Mawazo hayo akaja kuyatumia baadaye katika [[shairi]] lake maarufu zaidi: “Usivurugwe na lolote, Usitishwe na lolote, Yote yanapita: Mungu habadiliki kamwe. [[Subira]] inapata yote. Aliye na Mungu hakosi [[kitu]]; Mungu tu anatosha”. (Shairi, 9) Alipofikia umri wa miaka 12, alifiwa [[mama]] yake, akamuomba [[Bikira Maria]] ashike [[nafasi]] hiyo. Akiwa na miaka 13 akatumwa kusomea [[shule ya bweni]] ya masista [[Waaugustino]] hadi alipoweza kukabili kazi ya kutunza [[familia]] ya [[baba]] yake. Vitabu vya kidunia vilikuwa vinamuelekeza kutawanyika, lakini vile vya Kiroho, hasa vya [[Wafransisko]], vilimuingiza katika [[maisha]] ya [[umakinifu]] na [[sala]]. Mpenzi wa kusoma vitabu vya ma[[babu wa Kanisa]], hasa [[Augustino]] na [[Gregori Mkuu]], alipata [[wito]] wake wa [[utawa|kitawa]] kwa kusoma vile vya [[Jeromu]]. ===Miaka ya kwanza monasterini=== Mwaka [[1536]], akiwa amefikia hakika ya kuitwa utawani, alijiunga na [[monasteri]] ingawa kwanza baba yake hakukubali, akajichagulia jina la “Teresa wa Yesu”. Alipojiunga na [[monasteri]] ya [[Wakarmeli]] wa [[mji]] wake, alikuta [[juhudi]] za masista wamonaki zilikuwa za kiasi. Mwenyewe, kisha kuweka [[nadhiri]] zake, aliamua kulenga ukamilifu, lakini kwa kukosa [[busara]] katika [[juhudi]] zake miaka 3 baadaye aliugua sana, ikambidi baba ampeleke kwa matibabu kwenye mji wa jirani, na hatimaye amrudishe nyumbani ili kusubiri [[kifo]]. Monasterini waliandaa [[kaburi]], ila baba alikataa asizikwe. Kumbe, baada ya siku nne za kupotewa kabisa na [[ufahamu]], alianza kupata [[nafuu]] hata akaweza kurudi utawani, ingawa kwa muda fulani alikuwa amepooza tu. Mwenyewe alifananisha [[hali]] hiyo ya [[afya]] yake na ile ya [[roho]] yake kutokana na yeye kukaidi [[neema]] nyingi za Mungu. Hatimaye, alipopona kabisa, alisema ni kwa [[maombezi]] ya [[Yosefu (mume wa Maria)|Mt. Yosefu]], ambaye tangu hapo alimheshimu sana. Mwaka [[1543]] alipotewa na familia yake: baba alikufa na [[ndugu]] zake wote walihamia [[Amerika]], mmoja baada ya mwingine. Baada ya muda wa [[ulegevu]], alipopoteza muda mwingi [[sebule]]ni, bila kujali maonyo ya [[muungamishi]] wake, na alipojiona anafanana na [[Augustino wa Hippo]] katika mapambano dhidi ya [[udhaifu]] wake, katika [[Kwaresima]] ya mwaka [[1554]] aliguswa sana na [[sanamu]] iliyomuonyesha [[Yesu]] katika uhalisia wa mateso yake. “[[Ghafla]] [[hisi]] ya uwepo wa Mungu ilinijia, nisiweze kabisa kutia [[shaka]]ni kwamba alikuwa ndani mwangu wala kwamba mimi nilikuwa nimevutwa kabisa ndani Mwake“. Tangu hapo Teresa alishika maisha magumu kabisa, akijitahidi kujikusanya peke yake mbele ya Mungu. Baadaye aliishi karibu miaka mitatu katika nyumba ya [[mwanamke]] [[mjane]] mwenye [[ibada]] sana aliyeongozwa na [[Wajesuiti]]. ===Juhudi kwa ajili ya urekebisho=== Mwaka [[1560]], pamoja na wenzake wachache, alitambua haja ya kutengeneza upya maisha ya Karmeli, na alijisikia kuitwa na [[Mungu]] kuongoza kundi lao, akaanza kazi yake kubwa ya [[urekebisho]] wa shirika kwa msaada wa [[Yohane wa Msalaba]] upande wa [[wanaume]]. Mwaka 1562, baada ya kushinda shida mbalimbali, kwa msaada wa [[askofu]] wa [[dayosisi|jimbo]], [[Alvaro de Mendoza]], alianzisha monasteri ya kwanza ya urekebisho mjini Avila chini ya usimamizi wa Mt. Yosefu. [[Muda]] si muda alipata pia [[kibali]] cha [[mkuu wa shirika]] lote, Yohane Mbatizaji Rossi. Pamoja na [[Yohane wa Msalaba]] mwaka [[1568]] alianzisha huko [[Duruelo]] [[konventi]] ya kwanza ya [[wanaume]]. Mwaka [[1580]] alipata kutoka [[Roma]] [[kibali]] cha kuunda [[kanda]] huru kwa monasteri za urekebisho wake: ndio mwanzo wa shirika la Wakarmeli Peku. Ingawa alipaswa kusafiri na kushughulika sana ili kuanzisha monasteri nyingine 16 huko na huko, pamoja na kukabiliana na matatizo mengi makubwa, Teresa alifikia vilele vya maisha ya sala na kujaliwa neema nyingi za pekee. Hiyo inashuhudiwa na maandishi yake, yaliyokusudiwa kufundisha hasa masista wenzake, na ambayo ni kati ya vitabu bora vya [[Kanisa Katoliki]]: Humo inaonekana wazi kwamba juhudi za Kikristo ni hasa kupokea na kuitikia kazi ambayo [[Roho Mtakatifu]] anaifanya ndani ya mtu kuanzia [[ubatizo]] ili kumlinganisha na [[Yesu]]. Mafundisho yake hayakutokana na vitabu alivyosoma, bali na [[mang’amuzi]] yake binafsi pamoja na [[uchunguzi]] wa yale ya wengine. Ndiyo maana si ya [[nadharia]] tu, bali hasa yanafafanua kinachotokea, yakiingia mpaka ndani ya [[nafsi]]. Maisha yake yalimalizika katika [[shughuli]] za kuanzisha monasteri, kwa kuwa alifariki usiku wa kuamkia tarehe 15 Oktoba 1582 huko Alba de Tormes akiwa njiani kurudi Avila baada ya kuanzisha [[Karmeli]] ya [[Burgos]]. Maneno yake ya mwisho yalikuwa: “Hatimaye ninakufa kama [[binti]] wa Kanisa… [[Saa]] niliyoitamani imefika, Bwana wangu na Bwanaarusi wangu. Ni wakati wa kukutana na wewe”. ==Mafundisho makuu== Kama msingi wa maisha yote Teresa alipendekeza maadili ya [[Injili]] (kutoambatana na kitu, kupendana, kunyenyekea kwa kupenda ukweli, kuwa na msimamo, kutumaini) bila kusahau [[maadili ya kiutu]] ([[upendevu]], [[usemakweli]], [[utaratibu]], [[adabu]], [[uchangamfu]], [[ujuzi]]). Pia alipendekeza [[usikivu]] kwa [[Neno la Mungu]] na [[ulinganifu]] na watu wa Biblia: mwenyewe alijisikia kufanana na Bibiarusi wa [[Wimbo Ulio Bora]], na [[Mtume Paulo]] na [[Kristo]] katika [[Mateso]] na katika [[Ekaristi]]. Alisisitiza hasa [[umuhimu]] wa sala ambayo kwake “ni kuhusiana kirafiki na Mungu kwa kuongea mara nyingi kwa [[siri]] na yeye ambaye tunajua anatupenda”. [[Hatua]] kwa hatua [[uhusiano]] huo unastawi na kutawala maisha yote. == Maandishi == * ''Maisha yake mwenyewe'' (''Autobiografia''), yaliyoandikwa mwaka [[1565]] chini ya [[padri]] [[Pedro Ibáñez]], [[muungamishi]] wake, ili amuombe [[Yohane wa Avila]] aifanyie [[utambuzi]] [[safari]] yake ya Kiroho; alikiita “kitabu cha [[rehema]] za [[Bwana]]” kwa kuwa kililenga kuonyesha [[uwepo]] na [[utendaji]] wa Mungu mwenye [[huruma]] katika maisha yake; ndiyo sababu mara nyingi kinaripoti [[maongezi]] yake na Bwana katika sala. * ''Safari ya ukamilifu'' (''Camino de perfecciòn''), kilichoandikwa mwaka [[1566]] chini ya muungamishi wake; Teresa alikiita “Maonyo na mashauri ambayo Teresa wa Yesu anawapa [[dada]] zake” kwa sababu alikiandika kwa ajili ya [[wanovisi]] 12 wa monasteri yake ili kuwahamasisha wawe na maisha ya [[maadili]] na ya sala ya dhati kwa ajili ya [[Kanisa]]; kati ya sehemu bora za kitabu hicho upo [[ufafanuzi]] wa [[Baba Yetu]] kama [[kielelezo]] cha sala. * ''Jumba la ndani, Makao'' (''Castillo interior, Las Moradas''), kitabu chake bora, kilichoandikwa mwaka 1577, ambamo anamfananisha mtu wa sala na jumba lenye vyumba 7 vinavyofikiwa kimoja baada ya kingine kadiri ya [[maendeleo ya kiroho]]; ni [[mtazamo]] mpya juu ya safari yake mwenyewe lakini pia kinaeleza taratibu za [[ustawi]] wa [[maisha ya Kikristo]] kuelekea [[utakatifu]] chini ya [[Roho Mtakatifu]]; vilevile anafananisha [[badiliko]] la mtu kutoka maisha ya kawaida hadi yale ya Kimungu na lile la [[mdudu]] anayegeuka [[kipepeo]]; hatimaye, katika kufafanua hali za juu zaidi, anatumia mfano wa [[Bwanaarusi]] na [[Bibiarusi]] unaopatikana kwanza katika [[Biblia]]. *''Kitabu cha Monasteri Zilizoanzishwa'', alichokiandika katika miaka [[1573]]-[[1582]], kinasimulia maisha ya mwanzo ya urekebisho wake, kikisisitiza nafasi ya Mungu. * ''Ripoti'', nyongeza ya kitabu cha maisha yake kwa mtindo wa barua juu ya mang'amuzi yake ya ndani na ya nje. * ''Mawazo ya upendo'' * ''Mishangao'' * ''Barua'' (342 nzima na sehemu 87 za nyingine). == Kulinganisha maandishi yake na yale ya Yohane wa Msalaba == Tangu tusome mara ya kwanza maandishi ya Teresa wa Yesu na Yohane wa Msalaba, ni rahisi tutambue tofauti ambazo zimesisitizwa mara nyingi. Zinatokana na tofauti za mitazamo yao. Teresa alitegemea mang’amuzi yake binafsi, akidokeza [[neema]] za pekee alizojaliwa ([[njozi]] n.k.) asiwe makini kuzitofautisha na mambo yaliyo ya lazima katika “makao saba” ya jumba la Kiroho. Hivyo alitia maanani kuliko wengine matukio ya kihisi, ya nje na ya ziada yanayoweza yakaendana na [[sala ya kumiminiwa]]; vilevile alisisitiza kuzingatia [[ubinadamu]] wa [[Yesu]]. Yohane pia alisema kwa mang’amuzi yake binafsi na ya watu aliowaongoza, lakini hakuyataja, akijitahidi kuyachimba kiteolojia, jambo ambalo ni muhimu ili kutofautisha yaliyo ya kawaida na yaliyo ya ziada. Alieleza sababu za hali mbalimbali za sala kwa mafundisho juu ya [[maadili ya Kimungu]] na ya [[vipaji vya Roho Mtakatifu]] vinavyoendana nayo. Kwa mtazamo huo alizingatia yaliyo ya lazima katika safari ya kuelekea [[utakatifu]], hasa [[matakaso ya Kimungu]] yanayohitajika kwa [[usafi]] kamili wa [[upendo]]. Hivyo hakuelekea kujali neema za pekee zinazoendana pengine na sala ya kumiminiwa, wala hakusisitiza kuzingatia ubinadamu wa Yesu, akilenga moja kwa moja shabaha kuu ya sala, yaani [[Mungu]] aliyemo mwetu, tunayemfikia katika giza la [[imani]] kwa njia ya ujuzi ambao anatumiminia na unafanana na mang’amuzi. Kwa kufanya hivyo amekamilisha maandishi ya Teresa na kutusaidia tuyaelewe. Hata hivyo, chini ya tofauti hizo kuna msingi mmoja, kwa kuwa Teresa alijua vya kutosha mang’amuzi ya wafuasi wake aweze kuelewa na kueleza nini inatokea kwa kawaida kwa watu wanaopitia hayo makao saba. Tukitumia maelekezo aliyoyatoa huko na huko tunaweza kubainisha zaidi yaliyo ya lazima na yaliyo ya ziada. Kimsingi watakatifu hao walielewa vilevile sala ya kumiminiwa, [[muungano na Mungu]] unaotokana nayo, na matakaso ya Kimungu yanayohitajika ili kuufikia ule kamili. Ikifaa kuonyesha tofauti zao, inafaa zaidi kuonyesha wanavyolingana na kutambua [[teolojia]] inavyoweza kusaidia katika masuala hayo magumu. ==Sala zake== Bwana wangu, je, hukuweza kujumlisha yote katika neno moja na kusema, “Baba, utupe yote tunayoyahitaji”? Kwa yule anayejua yote vizuri kabisa, inaonekana haihitajiki zaidi. Lo, hekima ya milele! Kwako na kwa Baba yako hiyo ingetosha, na kweli ndivyo ulivyosali katika bustani la Getsemane: ulionyesha matakwa na hofu yako, lakini ukajiachilia kwa matakwa yake. Hata hivyo kwa kuwa unajua hatuko tayari kama wewe, Bwana wangu, kutii matakwa ya Baba yako, ilikubidi ubainishe vizuri maombi, tuweze kuona kama tunayoyaomba yanatufaa, na tujizuie kuomba tukiona haitufai. Kwa sababu ndivyo tulivyo kwamba, tusipopewa tunayotamani, kwa hiari yetu tunayakataa tunayopewa na Bwana, hata yakiwa mambo bora. Kwa kuwa hatujioni matajiri mpaka tushike fedha mikononi. Bwana wangu, kwa hakika saa niliyoitamani sana hatimaye imefika. Kwa hakika wakati wa sisi kuonana umefika. Bwana na mwokozi wangu, kwa hakika huu ni wakati wa mimi kuchukuliwa kutoka uhamisho huu niwe nawe milele. Dhabihu za Mungu ni roho iliyovunjika; moyo uliovunjika na kupondeka, Ee Mungu, hutaudharau. Usinitenge na uso wako, wala roho yako mtakatifu usiniondolee. Ee Mungu, uniumbie moyo safi. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 376-378 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 356-359 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 315-317 * Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X, uk. 80-81 == Marejeo ya lugha nyingine== * "The Delighted Angel" drama about Teresa of Ávila and Rabija al-Adavija by Dževad Karahasan, Vienna-Salzburg-Klagenfurt, ARBOS 1995. * "The Interior Castle (Edited by E. Allison Peers)," [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]], 1972. ISBN 978-0-385-03643-6 * "[[The Way of Perfection]] (Translated and Edited by E. Allison Peers)," Doubleday, 1991. ISBN 978-0-385-06539-9 * "The Life of Teresa of Jesus: The Autobiography of Teresa of Avila (Translated by E. Allison Peers)," Doubleday, 1991. ISBN 978-0-385-01109-9 * "Teresa of Avila: An Extraordinary Life", Shirley du Boulay, Bluebridge, 1995 ISBN 978-0-9742405-2-7 * "Teresa: Outstanding Christian Thinkers," Rowan Williams, Continuum, 1991. ISBN 0-8264-5081-4 * "The Eagle and the Dove" Saint Teresa of Avila and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. by Vita Sackville-West. First published in 1943 by Michael Joseph LTD, 26 Bloomsbury Street, London, W.C.1 == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.carmelite-seremban.org/Spirituality/books.html Books written by St Teresa of Avila, including St John of the Cross] {{Wayback|url=http://www.carmelite-seremban.org/Spirituality/books.html |date=20100813122449 }} * [http://www.poetseers.org/spiritual_and_devotional_poets/christian/teresa_of_avila/prayers_and_works/ Sala na tenzi zake] {{Wayback|url=http://www.poetseers.org/spiritual_and_devotional_poets/christian/teresa_of_avila/prayers_and_works/ |date=20070321015938 }} * [http://www.biographyonline.net/spiritual/st_teresa_avila.html Biography Online: St Teresa of Avila] * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saintt01.htm Patron Saints: Saint Teresa of Avila] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintt01.htm |date=20081006012749 }} * [http://www.saintpetersbasilica.org/Statues/Founders/TheresaofJesus/Theresa%20of%20Jesus.htm Statue of St Teresa in St Peter's Basilica] * [http://carmelites.info Index of Carmelite Websites] * [http://www.karmel.at/ics/edith/stein_9.html Carmelite Vocation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.karmel.at/ics/edith/stein_9.html |date=20071217214442 }} * {{gutenberg author|id=Teresa_of_Avila|name=Teresa of Avila}} * {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n80-37617}} * [http://www.labasilicateresiana.com Basilica of Saint Teresa in Alba de Tormes] {{Wayback|url=http://www.labasilicateresiana.com/ |date=20071128160702 }} (in Spanish) * [http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=fdE9uL7VU0s Alba de Tormes: la Basílica Teresiana, piedras vivas- Living Stones] (in Spanish, YouTube) * [http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/avila-convent-of-st-teresa.htm Convent of St Teresa in Avila] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/spain/avila-convent-of-st-teresa.htm |date=20051018071718 }} * [http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/teresa.html St Teresa of Avila] {{Wayback|url=http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/teresa.html |date=20101216074708 }} at Other Women's Voices * [http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintOfDay/default.asp?id=1169 Saint of the Day: St Teresa of Avila] {{Wayback|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintOfDay/default.asp?id=1169 |date=20090423063944 }} * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/19185 Santa Teresa: an Appreciation], 1900, by Alexander Whyte, from Project Gutenberg {{Walimu wa Kanisa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1515]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1582]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Wakarmeli]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Kanisa]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wayahudi]] 31vof3zqd6wlcyqxvf8f3tm03zyphi1 0 33571 1589944 1523024 2026-08-21T13:56:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pie chart | caption= Nchi za Afrika kulingana na Idadi ya watu<ref name="UN"/> | label1 = Nigeria | value1 = 15.4 | color1=#36A | label2 = Ethiopia | value2 = 8.7 | color2=#1A9 | label3 = Misri | value3 = 7.7 | color3=#6A5 | label4 = Congo JK | value4 = 7.1 | color4=#CC5 | label5 = Tanzania | value5 = 4.5 | color5=#928 | label6 = Afrika Kusini | value6 = 4.3 | color6=#E33 | label7 = Kenya | value7 = 3.7 | color7=#E72 }} Hii ni '''orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na [[idadi]] ya watu''' (makadirio ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] kwa [[mwaka]] [[2019]]). Eneo za nje za mataifa ya Ulaya zilizoko barani afrika pia zimeongezwa == Orodha == {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align: right" |- ! !! Nchi !! %<br/>Afrika !! Idadi ya watu (UN)<ref name="UN">{{cite web |url = https://population.un.org/wpp/ |title = World Population Prospects |date = 11 Jul 2024 |website = UNdata }}</ref> !! %<br/>growth !! Takwimu rasmi !! Tarehe rasmi !! class="unsortable"| |- | 1 || align="left" | {{flag|Nigeria}} || 15.4% || 227,882,945 || 2.12% || 216,783,400 || 21 Mar 2022<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/ |title = Nigeria: Administrative Division |date = 23 Aug 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 2 || align="left" | {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 8.7% || 128,691,692 || 2.64% || 107,334,000 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |date= |title=Population of Zones and Weredas July 2023 |url=http://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Population-of-Zones-and-Weredas-Projected-as-of-July-2023.pdf |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=Stats Ethiopia |archive-date=2023-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824135816/http://www.statsethiopia.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Population-of-Zones-and-Weredas-Projected-as-of-July-2023.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| |- | 3 || align="left" | {{flag|Misri}} || 7.7% || 114,535,772 || 1.70% || 102,060,688 || 1 Jul 2021<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/egypt/admin/ |title = Egypt: Administrative Division |date = 13 Apr 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || {{efn|Figures include the [[Sinai peninsula]], which is part of [[Western Asia]].}} |- | 4 || align="left" | {{flag|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} || 7.1% || 105,789,731 || 3.31% || 95,370,000 || 1 Jul 2019<ref>Official figure{{cite web |url = https://ins.cd/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ANNUAIRE-STATISTIQUE-2020.pdf |title = Annuaire Statistique RDC 2020 |at = p29 |date = 1 Mar 2021 |website = ins.cd |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 2023-02-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230212172734/https://ins.cd/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ANNUAIRE-STATISTIQUE-2020.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | 5 || align="left" | {{flag|Tanzania}} || 4.5% || 66,617,606 || 2.95% || 61,741,120 || 23 Aug 2022<ref>2022 census result{{cite web |url = https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |title = Administrative Units Population Distribution Report |at = p8 |date = 1 Dec 2022 |website = nbs.go.tz |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 6 || align="left" | {{flag|Afrika Kusini}} || 4.3% || 63,212,384 || 1.34% || 59,604,992 || 1 Jul 2022<ref>Official estimate{{cite web |url = https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022022.pdf |title = Administrative Units Population Distribution Report |at = p8 |date = 28 Jul 2022 |website = statssa.gov.za |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 7 || align="left" | {{flag|Kenya}} || 3.7% || 55,339,003 || 2.00% || 51,526,000 || 1 Jan 2023<ref>Official projection{{cite web |url = https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/2019-kphc-analytical-report-on-population-projections-vol-xvi/ |title = 2019 KPHC – Analytical Report on Population Projections Vol XVI |at = p23 |date = 15 Nov 2022 |website = knbs.or.ke |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 8 || align="left" | {{flag|Sudan}} || 3.4% || 50,042,791 || 1.34% || 41,984,500 || 1 Jul 2018<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/sudan/ |title = Sudan |date = 5 Sep 2019 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 9 || align="left" | {{flag|Uganda}} || 3.3% || 48,656,601 || 2.84% || 41,583,600 || 1 Jul 2020<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/admin/ |title = Uganda: Administrative Division |date = 12 Jun 2020 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 10 || align="left" | {{flag|Aljeria}} || 3.1% || 46,164,219 || 1.51% || 44,700,000 || 1 Jan 2021<ref>Official projection {{cite web | title=Démographie | website=Office National des Statistiques | date=18 May 2020 | url=http://www.ons.dz/IMG/pdf/demographie2019_bis.pdf | language=fr | trans-title=Demography | access-date=3 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721155425/http://www.ons.dz/IMG/pdf/demographie2019_bis.pdf | archive-date=21 July 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref> || |- | 11 || align="left" | {{flag|Moroko}} || 2.5% || 37,712,505 || 1.03% || 37,438,314 || 9 Sep 2024<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.hcp.ma/Horloge-de-la-population_a3531.html |title = Horloge de la population |date = 9 Sep 2024 |website = City Population |access-date = 9 Sep 2024 |archive-date = 2023-05-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230520093947/https://www.hcp.ma/Horloge-de-la-population_a3531.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | 12 || align="left" | {{flag|Angola}} || 2.5% || 36,749,906 || 3.13% || 35,121,734 || 1 Jul 2024<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.ine.gov.ao/ |title = INE-National Institute of Statistics |website = ine.gov.ao |access-date = 23 Sep 2024}}</ref> || |- | 13 || align="left" | {{flag|Ghana}} || 2.3% || 33,787,914|| 1.93% || 30,832,019 || 27 Jun 2021<ref>2021 census result {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/admin/ |title = Ghana: Administrative Division |date = 15 Apr 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 14 || align="left" | {{flag|Msumbiji}} || 2.3% || 33,635,160 || 3.00% || 33,244,414 || 1 Mar 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Instituto Nacional de Estatística - Moçambique |url=https://www.ine.gov.mz/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=pt}}</ref> | |- | 15 || align="left" | {{flag|Madagaska}} || 2.1% || 31,195,932 || 2.49% || 27,190,927 || 1 Jun 2020<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/madagascar/admin/ |title = Madagascar: Administrative Division |date = 16 Feb 2021 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 16 || align="left" | {{flag|Ivory Coast}} || 2.1% || 31,165,654 || 2.54% || 29,389,150 || 14 Dec 2021<ref>2021 census result {{cite web |url = http://www.ins.ci/RGPH2021/RESULTATS%20DEFINITIFSRP21.pdf |title = Resultats Globaux Definitifs |at = p14 |date = 1 Oct 2022 |website = ins.ci |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 17 || align="left" | {{flag|Kamerun}} || 1.9% || 28,372,687 || 2.68% || 24,348,251 || Jul 1 2019<ref>Official projection {{cite web|url=http://www.bucrep.cm/index.php/en/# |title = BUCREP - Home |website = bucrep.cm |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210224204444/http://www.bucrep.cm/index.php/en/|archive-date = 24 February 2021|url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | 18 || align="left" | {{flag|Niger}} || 1.9% || 26,159,867 || 3.35% || 23,196,000 || 1 Jul 2020<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/niger/cities/ |title = Niger |date = 17 Sep 2020 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 19 || align="left" | {{flag|Mali}} || 1.8% || 23,769,127 || 3.02% || 14,528,662 || 4 May 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Mali Population (2024) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/mali-population/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en}}</ref> || |- | 20 || align="left" | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 1.6% || 23,025,776 || 2.30% || 20,505,155 || 16 Nov 2019<ref>2019 census result {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/burkinafaso/cities/ |title = Burkina Faso |date = 23 Jul 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 21 || align="left" | {{flag|Malawi}} || 1.4% || 21,104,482 || 2.60% || 19,809,511 || 3 Sep 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/Thematic_Reports/Population%20Projections%202018-2050.pdf |title = Population Projections 2018 - 2050 Report |at = p15 |date = 1 Jul 2020 |website = nsomalawi.mw |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 2020-10-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201030033804/http://www.nsomalawi.mw/images/stories/data_on_line/demography/census_2018/Thematic_Reports/Population%20Projections%202018-2050.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | 22 || align="left" | {{flag|Zambia}} || 1.4% || 20,723,965 || 2.83% || 19,610,769 || 14 Sep 2022<ref>2022 census result {{cite web |url = https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2022-Census-of-Population-and-Housing-Preliminary.pdf |title = 2022 Census of Population and Housing Preliminary Report |date = 1 Dec 2022 |website = zamstats.gov.zm |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 23 || align="left" | {{flag|Chad}} || 1.3% || 19,319,064 || 4.68% || 15,775,400 || 1 Jul 2019<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/chad/ |title = Chad |date = 15 May 2019 |website = City Population |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 24 || align="left" | {{flag|Somalia}} || 1.2% || 18,358,615 || 3.13% || 12,316,895 || 4 May 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Somalia Population (2024) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/somalia-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20Somalia,of%20the%20total%20world%20population. |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en}}</ref> | {{efn|Includes [[Somaliland]] which has a population of about 6.2 million.<ref name="horndiplo2">{{cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Somaliland’s population reaches 6.2 million |url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2024/04/19/somalilands-population-reaches-6-2-million/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |publisher=Horn Diplomat |archive-date=2024-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419234705/https://www.horndiplomat.com/2024/04/19/somalilands-population-reaches-6-2-million/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Somaliland population reaches 6.2 million, government reports |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/apr/195933/somaliland_population_reaches_6_2_million_government_reports.aspx |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref>}} |- | 25 || align="left" | {{flag|Senegal}} || 1.2% || 18,077,573 || 2.42% || 18,275,743 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://senegal.opendataforafrica.org/idajti/projections-de-la-population-par-r%C3%A9gion-et-sexe |title = Projections de la population par région et sexe |date = 19 Jan 2023 |website = Open Data for Africa |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 26 || align="left" | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 1.1% || 16,340,822 || 1.69% || 15,178,979 || 20 Apr 2022<ref>2022 census result {{cite web |url = http://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Census2022_Preliminary_Report.pdf |title = 2022 Population and Housing Census Preliminary Report on Population Figures |date = 1 Jul 2022 |website = zimstat.co.zw |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 27 || align="left" | {{flag|Guinea}} || 1.0% || 14,405,465 || 2.49% || 13,261,638 || Jul 1 2022<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.stat-guinee.org/ |title = National Institute of Statistics |date = 23 Jun 2023 |website = stat-guinee.org |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 2021-04-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210425003416/https://www.stat-guinee.org/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | 28 || align="left" | {{flag|Benin}} || 1.0% || 14,111,034 || 2.55% || 12,606,998 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://instad.bj/images/docs/Actualit%C3%A9s/Projection%20r%C3%A9vis%C3%A9e.pdf |title = Projections Demographiques de 2014 a 2063 et Perspectives de la Demande Sociale de 2014 a 2030 au Benin |date = 1 Nov 2022 |website = instad.bj |access-date = 25 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 29 || align="left" | {{flag|Rwanda}} || 1.0% || 13,954,471 || 2.22% || 13,246,394 || 15 Aug 2022<ref>2022 census result {{cite web |url = https://statistics.gov.rw/publication/main_indicators_2022 |title = Main Indicators: 5th Rwanda Population and Housing Census |date = 1 Mar 2023 |website = statistics.gov.rw |access-date = 25 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 2023-03-16 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230316110409/https://statistics.gov.rw/publication/main_indicators_2022 |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | 30 || align="left" | {{flag|Burundi}} || 0.9% || 13,689,450 || 2.77% || 13,097,400 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.isteebu.bi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/PROJECTIONS-COMMUNALES-020620-rapport-VF.pdf |title = Projections Demographiques au Niveau Communal |date = 1 Feb 2020 |website = isteebu.bi |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230525150957/https://www.isteebu.bi/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/PROJECTIONS-COMMUNALES-020620-rapport-VF.pdf |archive-date = 25 May 2023|url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | 31 || align="left" | {{flag|Tunisia}} || 0.9% || 12,200,431 || 0.67% || 11,803,588 || 1 Jan 2022<ref>Official estimate {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/tunisia/cities/ |title = Tunisia |date = 16 Jun 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 32 || align="left" | {{flag|Sudan Kusini}} || 0.8% || 11,483,374 || 4.19% || 13,249,924 || 1 Jul 2020<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.ssnbss.org/sites/default/files/2016-08/population_projections_for_south_sudan_2015_2020.pdf |title = Population Projections for South Sudan 2015 - 2020 |date = 1 Mar 2015 |website = ssnbss.org |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190412033822/http://www.ssnbss.org/sites/default/files/2016-08/population_projections_for_south_sudan_2015_2020.pdf |archive-date = 12 April 2019|url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | 33 || align="left" | {{flag|Togo}} || 0.6% || 9,304,337 || 2.36% || 8,095,498 || 8 Nov 2022<ref>2022 census result {{cite web |url = https://inseed.tg/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Communique_de_presse_Resultats_RGPH5_20230404.pdf |title = Présentation des principaux résultats définitifs du RGPH-5 |date = 4 Apr 2023 |website = inseed.tg |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 34 || align="left" | {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 0.6% || 8,460,512 || 2.22% || 7,541,641 || 9 Dec 2021<ref>2021 census result {{cite web |url = https://www.statistics.sl/images/StatisticsSL/Documents/Census/MTPHC_Provisional_Results/2021_MTPHC_Provisional_Results.pdf |title = Provisional Results 2021 Mid-term Population and Housing Census |date = 31 May 2022 |website = statistics.sl |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 35 || align="left" | {{flag|Libya}} || 0.5% || 7,305,659 || 1.13% || 6,931,061 || 1 Jan 2020<ref>Official estimate {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/libya/ |title = Libya |date = 2 Oct 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 36 || align="left" | {{flag|Jamhuri ya Kongo}} || 0.4% || 6,182,885 || 2.45% || 3,697,490 || 4 May 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Congo Population (2024) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/congo-population/#:~:text=The%20current%20population%20of%20the,latest%20United%20Nations%20data%201. |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en}}</ref> || |- | 37 || align="left" | {{flag|Liberia}} || 0.4% || 5,493,031 || 2.23% || 4,844,381 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.lisgis.net/pg_img/Population%20Projection%20final%20110512.pdf |title = Analytical Report on Population Projections |date = 1 Sep 2011 |website = lisgis.net |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160818131928/http://www.lisgis.net/pg_img/Population%20Projection%20final%20110512.pdf |archive-date = 18 August 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | 38 || align="left" | {{flag|Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati}} || 0.4% || 5,152,421 || 1.07% || 6,091,097 || 1 Mar 2021<ref>Official estimate {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/centralafrica/cities/ |title = Central African Republic |date = 4 Aug 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 39 || align="left" | {{flag|Mauritania}} || 0.3% || 5,022,441 || 3.01% || 4,352,037 || 1 Jul 2022<ref>Official figure {{cite web |url = https://ansade.mr/fr/ |title = Analytical Report on Population Projections |date = 1 Jan 2023 |website = ansade.mr |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 40 || align="left" | {{flag|Eritrea}} || 0.3% || 3,470,390 || 1.79% || 3,815,900 || 1 Jul 2012<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/eritrea/ |title = Eritrea |date = 13 Oct 2019 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 41 || align="left" | {{flag|Namibia}} || 0.2% || 2,963,095 || 2.54% || 2,641,857 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://cms.my.na/assets/documents/p19dn4fhgp14t5ns24g4p6r1c401.pdf |title = Namibia Population Projections |date = 1 Sep 2014 |website = cms.my.na |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 42 || align="left" | {{flag|Gambia}} || 0.2% || 2,697,845 || 2.33% || 2,417,471 || 1 Jul 2022<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.gbosdata.org/data/40-population-and-household-characteristics/1653-population-total |title = Eritrea |date = 1 Jan 2023 |website = gbosdata.org |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 43 || align="left" | {{flag|Gabon}} || 0.2% || 2,484,789 || 2.22% || 2,349,099 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.statgabon.ga/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rapport-Projection_Final.pdf |title = Projection de la Population 2019-2025 |at = p12 |date = 1 Dec 2019 |website = statgabon.ga |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210429022734/https://www.statgabon.ga/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rapport-Projection_Final.pdf |archive-date = 29 April 2021|url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | 44 || align="left" | {{flag|Botswana}} || 0.2% || 2,480,244 || 1.65% || 2,346,179 || 18 Mar 2022<ref>2022 census result {{cite web |url = https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |title = 2022 Population and Housing Census Preliminary Results |date = 1 May 2022 |website = statsbots.org.bw |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 45 || align="left" | {{flag|Lesotho}} || 0.2% || 2,311,472 || 1.11% || 2,103,600 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/lesotho/ |title = Lesotho |date = 8 Apr 2023 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 46 || align="left" | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || 0.1% || 2,153,339 || 2.27% || 1,781,308 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://www.stat-guinebissau.com/ |title = Lesotho |date = 1 Jan 2023 |website = stat-guinebissau |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 47 || align="left" | {{flag|Guinea ya Ikweta}} || 0.1% || 1,847,549 || 2.44% || 1,558,160 || 1 Jul 2022<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://inege.gq/ |title = National Institute of Statistics of Equatorial Guinea |date = 1 Jan 2023 |website = inege.gq |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-date = 2010-08-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806160229/http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/estadistica.php |url-status = dead }}</ref> || |- | 48 || align="left" | {{flag|Morisi}} || 0.1% || 1,273,588 || -0.20% || 1,261,196 || 31 Dec 2022<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Pages/Statistics/By_Subject/Population/SB_Population.aspx |title = Population and Vital Statistics |date = 10 Mar 2023 |website = statsmauritius.govmu.org |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 49 || align="left" | {{flag|Eswatini}} || 0.1% || 1,230,506 || 0.95% || 1,223,362 || 1 Jul 2023<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://ccm.org.sz/documents/reports/hiv/Population-Projections-Report-2007-2030.pdf |title =Swaziland Population Projections 2007-2030 |at = p20 |date = 1 Jul 2015 |website = ccm.org.sz |access-date = 26 Jun 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150723224521/http://ccm.org.sz/documents/reports/hiv/Population-Projections-Report-2007-2030.pdf |archive-date = 23 July 2015 |url-status = dead}}</ref> || |- | 50 || align="left" | {{flag|Jibuti}} || 0.1% || 1,152,944 || 1.39% || 1,001,454 || 1 Jul 2021<ref>Official estimate {{cite web |url = http://www.instad.dj/assets/doc/Annuaire_Statistique_2022.pdf |title = Annuaire Statistique |date = 1 Jan 2022 |website = instad.dj |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | - || align="left" | {{flagicon image|Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg}} [[Réunion]] || 0.1% || 896,175 || || 896,175 || 10 Jan 2024 || |- | 51 || align="left" | {{flag|Komori}} || 0.1% || 850,387 || 1.94% || 758,316 || 15 Dec 2017<ref>2017 census result {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/comoros/cities/ |title = Comoros |date = 6 Aug 2020 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | - || align="left" | {{flag|Sahara ya Magharibi}} || 0.04% || 579,729 || 1.93% || 579,000 || 1 Jul 2020<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/westernsahara/ |title = Western Sahara |date = 14 Sep 2020 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || {{efn| {{Western Sahara-note}}}} |- | 52 || align="left" | {{flag|Cape Verde}} || 0.04% || 522,331 || 0.50% || 483,628 || 16 Jun 2021<ref>2021 census result {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/capeverde/ |title = Cape Verde |date = 27 Aug 2021 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 53 || align="left" | {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 0.02% || 230,871 || 2.02% || 210,200 || 13 May 2020<ref>Official projection {{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/saotome/cities/ |title = São Tomé and Príncipe |date = 7 Dec 2020 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | 54 || align="left" | {{flag|Shelisheli}} || 0.01% || 127,951 || 1.94% || 100,447 || 22 Apr 2022<ref>2022 census result {{cite web |url = https://www.citypopulation.de/en/seychelles/cities/ |title = Seychelles |date = 26 Oct 2022 |website = City Population |access-date = 26 Jun 2023}}</ref> || |- | || align="left" | '''Total''' || '''100%''' || '''1,480,770,525''' || '''2.34%''' || '''1,332,291,870''' |||| |} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Angalia pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] {{Africa topics}} [[Category:Orodha za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Orodha za kijiografia]] [[Jamii:Demografia]] 1wner9aavd1vp9i1px1j0nvpebndwib 0 35273 1590105 1525327 2026-08-21T22:45:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Single | Jina = Seasons in the Sun | Img = SEASONS IN THE SUN.jpg | Msanii = [[Terry Jacks]] | Albamu = | B-side = "Put the Bone In" | Imetolewa = January 1974 | Muundo = [[gramophone record|7"]] | Imerekodiwa = 1973 | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Teenage tragedy song|Teenage Tragedy]] | Urefu = 3:24 | Studio = [[Bell Records (1950s-70s)|Bell Records]] | Mtunzi = [[Jacques Brel]], [[Rod McKuen]] | Mtayarishaji = | Certification = | Single iliyopita = | Single ya sasa ="Seasons in the Sun"<br>(1974) | Single ijayo ="If You Go Away"<br>(1974) }} "'''Seasons in the Sun'''" ni toleo la [[Kiingereza]] la wimbo wa "Le Moribond" ulioimbwa na mwanamuziki wa [[Ubelgiji]], na mtunzi wa nyimbo [[Jacques Brel]] <ref>[http://www.mckuen.com/flights/011106.htm "My first experience with Brel (...in 1964...) consisted of doing an unauthorized adaptation of 'Le Moribund'(...written by Brel for the singer Jean Sablon...), which I called 'Seasons in the Sun'...I subsequently learned that Brel had received my recording...," liner notes from ''Rod McKuen Sings Rod McKuen, Jacques Brel Songbook'', April 2000, posted at ''Rod McKuen - Flight Plan''. 'Rod's gift to his many fans', maintained by Stanyan Music Group, of Hollywood CA] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mckuen.com/flights/011106.htm |date=20081121135115 }}.Accessed: 12 September, 2009.</ref>. Ulikuwa wimbo bora wa mwaka 1974, kwa [[Terry Jacks]] na ilikuwa wimbo bora wa Krismasi nchini Uingereza, kwa mwaka 1999, ambapo ulifanikiwa kushika nafasi ya kwanza, lakini wakati huu ulikuwa ukitoka katika kundi la [[Westlife]] Toleo la Jck, lilitoka katika nchi za [[Marekani]] na [[Canada]] mapema mwaka huo, na kufanikiwa kufika hadi nafasi ya kwanza nchini Marekani, hii ikiwa ni tarehe 2 ya mwezi Machi. Wanamuziki mbalimbali wameshatoa wimbo huu kwa mara ya pili kama vile [[The Kingston Trio]], Kundi la nchini Uingereza, [[The Fortunes]] mwaka 1968 na kundi la [[Pearls Before Swine (band)]]mwaka n 1970/71. ==Historia== Wimbo huu ulirekodiwa kwa mara ya pili katika [[Vancouver]], BC ambapo ulirekodiwa n a Jacks na mke wa kipindi hicho aliyekuwa aakiitwa Susan Jacks. Muda mfupi kabla ya ndoa yao kuvunjika. Wakati kundi la walipoamua kuacha kurekodi wimbo huo, Terry na Susan waliamua kurekodi wimbo huu wenyewe na kuutoa chini ya jina la Terry. Jacks alitoa wimbo huo, katika stuio yake mwenyewe, na muda mfupi baadae iifanikiwa kushika nafasi ya kwanza katia chati mbalimbali za muziki nchini Marekani (ambapo ilitolewa katika studio za [[Bell Records (1950-70), Pia ilitolewa nchini Canada na Uingreza. Ilifanikiwa kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni sita dunia nzima. ==Liganisho la Matoleo== Hili ni toleo lililotafiriwa na kupelekwa katika kiingereza, kutoka katika wimbo wa asili uliotungwa na Jacques Brel: :Good-bye, my wife, I loved you well :Good-bye, my wife, I loved you well, you know, :But I'm taking the train for the Good Lord, :I'm taking the train before yours :But you take whatever train you can; :Goodbye, my wife, I'm going to die, :It's hard to die in springtime, you know, :But I'm leaving for the flowers with my eyes closed, my wife, :Because I closed them so often, :I know you will take care of my soul. ::("eyes closed" ikimaanisha kufunga macho yake kutokana na mkewe, kutokuwa mwaminifu, na katika shahiri linalofuatia, anamwambia kwa kwaheri mpenzi wa mke wake Antoine Antoine). Terry Jacks anatoa ubeti wa tatu na wa nne, na kuongeza ubeti wake mwenyewe, ambao unaufanya wimbo huu kuweza kumaanisha kuimbiwa kwa mototo wa kike au rafiki. :Goodbye, Michelle, my little one, :You gave me love and helped me find the sun, :And every time that I was down :You would always come around :And get my feet back on the ground; :Goodbye, Michelle, it's hard to die :When all the birds are singing in the sky, :Now that the spring is in the air, :Whiff of flowers everywhere, :I wish that we could both be there! ==Matoleo mengine== {{Infobox Single | Jina = [[I Have a Dream (song)|I Have a Dream]]"/"Seasons in the Sun | Cover = 200px-4Ihaveadream2.jpg | Msanii = [[Westlife]] | Kutoka Albamu = [[Westlife (album)|Westlife]] | Ilitolewa = December 6, 1999 | Muundo = CD Single | Kurekodiwa = | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]] | Urefu = | Studio = [[Sony BMG]] | Mtunzi =Brel, McKuehn | Mtayarishaji = | Certification = Platinum ([[Ufalme wa Muungano]]) | Single iliyopita = <small>"[[Flying Without Wings]]"<br />(1999)<br>(3)</small> | This single = <small>"[[I Have a Dream (song)|I Have a Dream]]" / "Seasons in the Sun"<br>(1999)<br>(4)</small> | Single ijayo = <small>"[[Fool Again]]"<br>(2000)<br>(5)</small> | Misc = {{Extra track listing | Albamu = [[Westlife (album)|Westlife]] | Aina = studio | prev_track = "Moments" | Iliyopita = 9 | Ya sasa = "'''Seasons in the Sun'''" | track_no = 10 | Wimbo Ujao = "I Need You" | next_no = 11 }} }} Tofauti na matoleo hapo yaliorodheshwa ahapo juu, kumekuwa na matoleo kadhaa ya wanamuziki kurudia wimbo huu kama vile. Bendi ya [[Sweden]] ya [[dansband]] inayojulikana kama [[Vikingarna]] walirudia wimbo huu katika Kiswideni mwaka 1974 ambapo uliitwa "Sommar varje dag". Wimbo huu pia umesharudiwa na makundi anuai kama vile kundi la [[Spell]] [[Bad Religion]], [[Too Much Joy]], [[Black Box Recorder]], [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]], [[Indochine]], [[Pearls Before Swine]], [[Alcazar]], [[Me First na the Gimme Gimmes]], [[Westlife]], katika albamu yao ya pili, kundi la [[Gob]] akishirikiana na [[Blink 182]]. Mwaka 2006, kundi la [[BoyTown]] lilirudia wimbo huu kwa ajili ya filamu yenye jina hilo hilo. Ambapo wimbo huu unaimbwa mwishoni na wasanii wote watano katika filamu hii. Toleo la [[Kingston Trio]] linatoa beti la tatu kutoka katika wimbo wa asili na kuweka beti hili. :Adieu, Francoise, my trusted wife, without you I'd have had a lonely life. :You cheated lots of times but then, I forgave you in the end though your lover was my friend. :Adieu, Francoise, it's hard to die when all the birds are singing in the sky. Now that spring is in the air :With your lovers ev'rywhere; just be careful, I'll be there. Toleo la [[Westlife]] wimbo huu upo katika albamu yao inayoitwa jina lao wenyewe yaani albamu ya [[Westlife]]'' ambapo wimbo huu upo katika upande A pamoja na wimbo wa [[I Have A Dream]]wimbo ambao ulikuwa wimbo wa kwanza katika nyimbo za Krismasi kwa mwaka 1999, na kuendelea kushika nafasi hiyo hadi wiki ya kwanza ya mwaka 2000 Toleo la Bobby Wright na [[Kitty Wells]], lilifanikiwa kufika nafasi ya 40, katika chati ya ''[[Billboard magazine]]'' [[Country Singles]] ya nwaka 1974. Wimbo uliotolewa zaidi unaweza ukawa ule uliotolewa katika eneo la Manchester uliokuwa ukikaribia kufanana na toleo la Coachmen ulirekodiwa katika studio za AMEI Abbey Raod Studio mwezi Julai mwaka 1966, na kutolewa katika Columbia DB8057 mwezi Novemba 1966. Wimbo huu ulitumika na kundi la [[Shabba Ranks]] na Crystal katika wimbo wao wenye miondoko ya Rege "Twice My Age", na kuweka maneno haya katika kiitio, ambapo kiitikio kiliimbwa na Crystal: : :I'm in love with a man, nearly twice my age, :Don't know what it is, but its a hit from me youthful days, :As I go my way, I don't care what people say, :I'm in love with a man, nearly twice my age! Pia kuna toleo kwa lugha ya Kijerumani linaloitwa ''Adieu Emile'' lililoimbwa na by [[Klaus Hoffmann]] na kutolewa mwaka 1975. Mashairi ya toleo hili, yanaonekana kukaribia kufanana na yale katika toleo la Kifaransa, lakini midundo katika toleo hili inaonekana kutofautiana kidogo..<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.klaus-hoffmann.com/cover01.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-17 |archivedate=2008-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209013317/http://www.klaus-hoffmann.com/cover01.html }}</ref> Halikadhalika mwimbaji wa nchini [[Italia]] anayeitwa [[Roberto Vecchioni]] alirekodi wimbo huu katika lugha kigiriki uloitwa "Stagioni nel sole" katika albamu yake ya mwaka 2005 iloitwa ''Il Contastorie''. Kundi la [[Beirut]] walirudia wimbo huu na kuiita "Le Moribond" na wameshawahi kuuimba moja kwa moja katika maonesho mbalimbali. Toleo la [[KEXP]] ulirekodiwa pamoja na "My Family's Role in the World Revolution" ukiwa wimbo wa tatu katika albamu ya [[Elephant Gun EP]]. Beirut ipoimba katika lugha ya [[kifaransa]]. alirudia wimbo huu lakini kwa kufuata mashari na miondoko ya wimbo wa asili wa Jacques Brel ==Viungo vya Nje== * [http://www.superseventies.com/1974_3singles.html ''Seasons in the Sun''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.superseventies.com/1974_3singles.html |date=20100117210200 }} at Super Seventies. * [http://www.slate.com/id/2114863/ "Goodbye, Papa, It's Hard to Die]: The enduring appeal of an abominable pop song" ([[Slate.com]], March 16, 2005) * [http://www.mckuen.com/flights/020699.htm ''comments by Rod McKuen''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mckuen.com/flights/020699.htm |date=20010110011800 }} on the song's origins. * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oahZaAtyKqs ''Brel sings Le Moribond'']. * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vf31kyAb3ZI '''"Seasons In The Sun" - Westlife''' Official Music video] ==Mrejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1961]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1974]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1999]] [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Westlife]] 8y6i548qtuibo5p14g8smbmsltwc0kw 0 35432 1590175 1263117 2026-08-22T03:56:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Timeless | Type = album | Msanii = [[Martina McBride]] | Cover = MartinaTimeless.jpg | Imetolewa = 18 Oktoba 2005 | Aina = [[Muziki wa Country|Country]] | Studio = [[RCA Records|RCA Nashville]] | Mtayarishaji = Martina McBride | Review = *[[Allmusic]] {{Rating|4.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/timeless-r801622 link] * [[Stylus Magazine]] (A-) [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/martina-mcbride/timeless.htm 2005-11-03] | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Martina (albamu)|Martina]]''<br />(2003) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Timeless'''''<br />(2005) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Waking Up Laughing]]''<br />(2007) }} "''''Timeless''''" ni jina la kutaja albamu ya 2005 ya mwimbaji wa muziki wa miondoko ya Country wa [[Marekani]], [[Martina McBride]]. Albamu hii ni mkusanyiko wa vibao 18 vya miondoko ya [[classic country]]. Wasanii maarufu ambao vibao vyao viliangaziwa ni pamoja na include [[Eddy Arnold]], [[Johnny Cash]], [[Don Gibson]], [[Loretta Lynn]], [[Buck Owens]], [[Ray Price (mwanamuziki)|Ray Price]], [[Hank Snow]], [[Hank Williams]], [[Tammy Wynette]] na wengine wengi. Albamu hii ilianzia nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya albamu za Country na #3 katika chati za [[Billboard 200]]. Albamu hii ilikuwa yenye mauzo ya kasi zaidi kwa McBride katka kazi yake na ilimpa mauzo bora zaidi ya mwanzo huku ikiuza nakala 185,000 katika wiki yake ya kwanza. Kufikia Machi 2007, albamu hii ilikuwa na mauzo ya milioni 1.2 nchini [[Marekani]] kulingana na Nielsen SoundScan na ikathibitishwa kua katika kiwango cha platinum. == Mpangilio wa Vibao == Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrymusic.about.com/od/martinamcbride/a/bltimeless_cbc.htm|title=Martina McBride - ''Timeless'' - Cut by Cut|publisher=''[[about.com]]''|accessdate=2009-03-16|archivedate=2009-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310125913/http://countrymusic.about.com/od/martinamcbride/a/bltimeless_cbc.htm}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" width="100%" |- align="center" bgcolor="#dddddd" | '''Kibao''' || '''Kichwa cha wimbo''' || '''Watunzi''' || '''Msanii wa asili''' || '''Toleo asili''' || '''Urefu''' |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1 || "You Win Again" || [[Hank Williams]] || [[Hank Williams]] || 1952 || 2:59 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 2 || "I'll Be There" || [[Ray Price (mwanamuziki)|Ray Price]], Rusty Gabbard || [[Ray Price (mwanamuziki)|Ray Price]] || 1954 || 2:18 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 3 || "[[I Can't Stop Loving You]]" || [[Don Gibson]] || [[Don Gibson]] || 1957 || 4:21 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 4 || "[[(I Never Promised You A) Rose Garden]]" || [[Joe South]] || [[Lynn Anderson]] || 1970 || 3:15 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 5 || "Today I Started Loving You Again" || [[Merle Haggard]], [[Bonnie Owens]] || [[Merle Haggard]] || 1968 || 3:46 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 6 || "You Ain't Woman Enough" || [[Loretta Lynn]] || [[Loretta Lynn]] || 1966 || 2:12 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 7 || "[[Once a Day]]" || [[Bill Anderson (mwimbaji)|Bill Anderson]] || [[Connie Smith]] || 1964 || 2:23 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 8 || "Pick Me up on Your Way Down" || [[Harlan Howard]] || [[Charlie Walker]] || 1958 || 2:40 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 9 || "I Don't Hurt Anymore" || [[Don Robertson (mtunzi wa nyimbo)|Don Robertson]], [[Walter E. Rollins]] || [[Hank Snow]] || 1954 || 3:08 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 10 || "[[True Love Ways]]" || [[Buddy Holly]], [[Norman Petty]] || [[Buddy Holly]] || 1958 || 3:14 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 11 || "'Til I Can Make it on My Own" || George Richey, [[Billy Sherrill]], [[Tammy Wynette]] || [[Tammy Wynette]] || 1976 || 3:17 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 12 || "[[I Still Miss Someone]]"<br/><small>(akimshirikisha [[Dolly Parton]])</small> || [[Johnny Cash]], Roy Cash, Jr. || [[Johnny Cash]] || 1958 || 2:56 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 13 || "[[Heartaches by the Number]]"<br/><small>(akimshirikisha [[Dwight Yoakam]])</small> || [[Harlan Howard]] || [[Ray Price (mwanamuziki)|Ray Price]] || 1959 || 3:06 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 14 || "[[Satin Sheets]]" || John Volinkaty || [[Jeanne Pruett]] || 1973 || 3:20 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 15 || "Thanks a Lot" || [[Eddie Miller (mtunzi wa nyimbo)|Eddie Miller]], Don Sessions || [[Ernest Tubb]] || 1963 || 2:35 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 16 || "Love's Gonna Live Here" || [[Buck Owens]] || [[Buck Owens]] || 1963 || 2:01 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 17 || "[[Make the World Go Away]]" || [[Hank Cochran]] || [[Ray Price (mwanamuziki)|Ray Price]] || 1963 || 2:57 |- align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" | 18 || "[[Help Me Make It Through the Night]]" || [[Kris Kristofferson]] || [[Sammi Smith]] || 1971 || 4:04 |} Mwondoko wa ‘’limited edition’’ wa albamu ya ''Timeless'' unashirikisha ngoma nne za ziada: # "Dreaming My Dreams" # "[[Crying Time]]" ([[Buck Owens]]} # "Walk On By" (Kendall Hayes) # "Take These Chains from My Heart" ([[Fred Rose (mwanamuziki)|Fred Rose]], [[Hy Heath]]} == Ngoma za Single == * (I Never Promised You A) Rose Garden - 30 Agosti 2005 * I Still Miss Someone * You AIn't Woman Enough - 9 Januari 2006 [http://mvdbase.com/video.php?id=45701] * 'Til I Can Make It On My Own 10 Aprili 2006 [http://mvdbase.com/video.php?id=51493] {{Wayback|url=http://mvdbase.com/video.php?id=51493 |date=20160305011212 }} == Chati == === Albamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Chati (2005) ! Kilele |- | U.S. ''Billboard'' Top Country Albums | align="center"| 1 |- | U.S. ''Billboard'' 200 | align="center"| 3 |- | Canadian Albums Chart | align="center"| 41 |- |} === Singles === {| class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! rowspan="2"| Single ! colspan="3"| Nafasi katika Chati |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! width="45"| [[Hot Country Songs|US Country]] ! width="45"| [[Billboard Hot 100|US]] ! width="45"| CAN Country |- | 2005 | "(I Never Promised You) A Rose Garden" | align="center"| 18 | align="center"| 98 | align="center"| 19 |- | rowspan="2"| 2006 | "I Still Miss Someone" <small>(akimshirikisha [[Dolly Parton]])</small> | align="center"| 50 | align="center"| — | align="center"| — |- | "You Ain't Woman Enough" | align="center"| — | align="center"| — | align="center"| — |- |} == Virejeleo == {{Marejeo}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before = ''[[Tough All Over]]'' ya [[Gary Allan]] |title = albamu ya Kwanza katika [[Top Country Albums]] |years = 5-25 Novemba 2005 |after = ''[[The Road and the Radio]]'' ya [[Kenny Chesney]] }} {{End}} {{Martina McBride}} [[Category:Albamu za 2005]] [[Category:Albamu za Martina McBride]] [[Category:Albamu za RCA Records]] hwaqh6icm6z6v5mh7qlkk7b4yrmsu5o 14 41305 1590279 1232871 2026-08-22T09:34:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Chaguzi Afrika|T]] [[Jamii:Siasa ya Tanzania|Uchaguzi]] [[Jamii:historia ya Tanzania]] 5pbn8xqoxk6elp2i5mn6xxwt94nnhht 0 41731 1590169 1574558 2026-08-22T03:20:31Z ~2026-45928-92 91836 random english 1590169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Male bust Louvre AO10921.jpg|thumb|250px|Sanamu ya mfalme Lugal-kisal-si wa Uruk (makumbusho ya [[Louvre]], [[Paris]])]] [[Picha:Meso2mil.JPG|thumb|250px|Ramani inaonyesha mahali pa Uruk kati ya miji ya Mesopotamia ya Kale (kusini kabisa)]] '''Uruk''' (jina katika Biblia: Erech; jina la leo kwa Kiarabu: وركاء‎ ''warkā'') ilikuwa mji wa [[Wasumeri]] katika [[Mesopotamia]] ya Kale. Baadaye ilikuwa sehemu ya milki ya [[Babeli]]. Mahali pake palikuwa kando la mto Frati uliohama na kupita sasa 30 km kutoka mahali pa Uruk. Uruk ilikuwa mahali muhimu katika maendeleo ya miji katika Mesopotamia wakati wa milenia ya 4 KK. Kipindi chake cha kustawi hasa kilikuwa mnamo mwaka 2900 KK ilipokuwa na wakazi 50,000 – 80,000 waliokalia eneo la kilimita za mraba 6 ndani ya kut zake. Mfalme mashuhuri wa mji huu alikuwa [[Gilgamesh]] manmo mwaka 2600 KK. Wakati wa vita kati ya Babeli na [[Elami]] umuhimu wa Uruk uliungua. Watu waliendelea kuishi hapa kwa karne nyingi hadi wakati wa [[nasaba ya Sassanidi]] miaka michache kabl ya upanuzi wa [[Uislamu]]. Mahali pa Uruk palitambuliwa tena 1849 na [[wanaakiolojia]] chini ya William Kennett Loftus aliyeongoza uchimbaji hapa kuanzia 1850. Inaaminiwa ya kwamba jina la Kiarabu "Iraq" kwa sehemu ya kusini ya Mesopotamia limetokana na Uruk. ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/node/9508/print Earliest evidence for large scale organized warfare in the Mesopotamian world (Hamoukar vs. Uruk?] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116135828/http://cdli.ucla.edu/wiki/doku.php/uruk_mod._warka Uruk at CDLI wiki] *[http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/section2/c225.htm Lament for Unug] {{Wayback|url=http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/section2/c225.htm |date=20110605231432 }} {{Language icon|sux}} *[http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1099592.html Archaeological Expedition Mapping Ancient City Of Uruk in 2002] *[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/result.pt?result_format=list&size=11000&-op_provenience=ct&provenience=uruk Digital images of tablets from Uruk - CDLI] {{Wayback|url=http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/result.pt?result_format=list&size=11000&-op_provenience=ct&provenience=uruk |date=20110617024441 }} [[Category:Mesopotamia]] dw7rt4067pfhxff18bmo6vvvikl3qrf 0 55352 1590188 1587433 2026-08-22T05:20:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ugonjwa wa Alzheimer''' (pia hujulikana kama '''Alzeima''' au '''Alzeima''' tu) ni [[ugonjwa]] unaosababisha kuzorota kwa seli za [[neva]]/[[nyuroni]] na huendelea polepole, na ndio chanzo cha kawaida zaidi cha shida ya akili. Huonyeshwa na kupungua taratibu kwa [[kumbukumbu]], uwezo wa kufikiri, tabia, na uwezo wa kufanya shughuli za kila siku.<ref name="WHO_Alzheimers">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia |title=Dementia |website=who.int |publisher=World Health Organization |date=Machi 15, 2023 |access-date=Agosti 12, 2026 }}</ref> Huathiri hasa watu wazee, ingawa aina ya ugonjwa unaoanza mapema inaweza kutokea katika umri mdogo.<ref name="NIA_Alzheimers_Fact_Sheet">{{cite web |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet |title=Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet |website=nia.nih.gov |publisher=National Institute on Aging |date=Aprili 5, 2023 |access-date=Agosti 12, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ugonjwa huu unahusishwa na mrundikano usio wa kawaida wa mabonge ya protini ya ''amyloid-beta'' na mafundo ya protini ya ''tau'' katika [[ubongo]], pamoja na kupotea kwa seli za neva/nyuroni na miunganisho yake kadiri ugonjwa unavyoendelea.<ref name="NIH_Alzheimers_Basics">{{cite web |url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease |title=What Happens to the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease? |website=nia.nih.gov |publisher=National Institute on Aging |date=Januari 19, 2021 |access-date=Agosti 12, 2026 |archive-date=2026-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260803045534/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/alzheimers-causes-and-risk-factors/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kadiri hali inavyoendelea, uharibifu wa uwezo wa kiakili na wa kufanya shughuli za kila siku huwa mkubwa zaidi, na kufanya ugonjwa wa Alzeima kuwa sababu kuu ya ulemavu na utegemezi miongoni mwa watu wazee duniani kote.<ref name="WHO_Alzheimers"/> Huo [[ugonjwa]] usiotibika, wa kusawijika na unaoua, ulielezewa kwa mara ya kwanza na [[mtaalamu]] wa [[magonjwa ya akili]] na ya [[mfumo wa neva]] [[Alois Alzheimer]] katika [[mwaka]] wa [[1906]] ukapewa [[jina]] lake. Kwa jumla, huwa unatambuliwa kwa watu walio na [[umri]] wa zaidi ya miaka 65,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C |title=Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-public-health_1998-09_88_9/page/1337 |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=88 |issue=9 |pages=1337–42 |year=1998 |month=Septemba |pmid=9736873 |pmc=1509089 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1337 }}</ref> ingawa kuna Alzeima ya nadra inayoanza mapema. Katika mwaka wa 2006, kulikuwa na wagonjwa [[milioni]] 26.6 kote [[duniani]]. Alzeima inakadiriwa itakuwa inaathiri mtu 1 kati ya watu 85 kote duniani kufikia mwaka wa 2050.<ref name="Brookmeyer2007"/> Ingawa [[chanzo]] cha ugonjwa wa Alzeima ni tofauti kwa kila mtu, kuna [[dalili]] kadhaa za kawaida.<ref name="alzheimers.org"> {{cite web | title=What is Alzheimer's disease? | url=http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=100 | publisher=Alzheimers.org.uk | year=2007 | month=Agosti | accessdate=2008-02-21 }}</ref> Dalili za mwanzo zinazoonekana mara nyingi hudhaniwa kimakosa kuwa matatizo 'yanayotokana na umri', au kuonyesha kuwa mtu anafadhaika.<ref name="pmid17222085">{{cite journal |author=Waldemar G, Dubois B, Emre M, ''et al.'' |title=Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders associated with dementia: EFNS guideline |journal=Eur J Neurol |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=e1–26 |year=2007 |month=Januari |pmid=17222085 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x }}</ref> Katika hatua za mwanzo, dalili za kawaida zinazotambuliwa ni kukosa uwezo wa kupata kumbukumbu mpya, kama vile wa kukumbuka mambo yaliyofanyika hivi karibuni. Wakati Alzeima inakisiwa, utambuzi kwa kawaida huwa unathibitishwa na tathmini ya tabia na vipimo vya utambuzi wa mambo, mara nyingi zikifuatiwa na skani ya ubongo kama inapatikana.<ref name="alzres">{{cite web | title=Alzheimer's diagnosis of AD | url=http://www.alzheimers-research.org.uk/info/diagnosis/ | publisher=Alzheimer's Research Trust | accessdate=2008-02-29 | archivedate=2007-10-22 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022154220/http://alzheimers-research.org.uk/info/diagnosis/ }}</ref> Ugonjwa unapoendelea, dalili huwa ni pamoja na kuchanganyikiwa, kukerwa na uchokozi, mabadiliko ya hali ya moyo, kutatizika kwa lugha, kupoteza kumbukumbu ya muda mrefu, na mgonjwa kujitenga sana kadiri hisia zake zinavyoendelea kupungua.<ref name="pmid17222085"/><ref name="pmid17823840"> {{cite journal |author=Tabert MH, Liu X, Doty RL, Serby M, Zamora D, Pelton GH, Marder K, Albers MW, Stern Y, Devanand DP |title=A 10-item smell identification scale related to risk for Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-neurology_2005-07_58_1/page/155 |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=155–160 |year=2005 |pmid=15984022 |doi=10.1002/ana.20533 }}</ref> Hatua kwa hatua, kazi za [[mwili]] hupotea, na hatimaye kusababisha [[kifo]].<ref name="nihstages">{{cite web | title=Understanding stages and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease | url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/stages.htm | publisher=National Institute on Aging | date=2007-10-26 | accessdate=2008-02-21 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516213955/http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/stages.htm | archivedate=2008-05-16 }}</ref> Ni vigumu kubashiri hatima ya mgonjwa binafsi kwa vile muda wa ugonjwa unatofautiana. Alzeima hukua kwa kipindi kisichojulikana kabla ya kudhihirika kabisa, na inaweza kukua bila ya kutambuliwa kwa miaka mingi. Muda wa kuishi baada ya utambuzi ni takriban miaka saba.<ref name="pmid3776457">{{cite journal |author=Mölsä PK, Marttila RJ, Rinne UK |title=Survival and cause of death in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia |journal=Acta Neurol Scand |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=103–7 |year=1986 |month=Agosti |pmid=3776457 |accessdate=2008-08-04 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb04634.x }}</ref> Chini ya asilimia tatu ya wagonjwa huishi kwa zaidi ya miaka kumi na nne baada ya utambuzi.<ref name="pmid7793228">{{cite journal |author=Mölsä PK, Marttila RJ, Rinne UK |title=Long-term survival and predictors of mortality in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia |journal=ActaNeurol Scand |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=159–64 |year=1995 |month=Machi |pmid=7793228 }}</ref> Chanzo na kukua kwa Alzeima huwa havieleweki vizuri. Utafiti unaonyesha kuwa ugonjwa huu unahusiana na tando na mifungamano kwenye ubongo.<ref name="pmid15184601"/> Kwa sasa matibabu yanayotumika hupunguza dalili za ugonjwa lakini hakuna matibabu ya kuchelewesha au kusimamisha kuendelea kwa ugonjwa huu. Hadi mwaka wa 2012, zaidi ya majaribio 1000 ya kliniki yamefanywa kwa ajili ya kutambua tiba ya Alzeima, lakini haijulikani kama mojawapo ya mikakati iliyofanyiwa majaribio ya kusitisha ugonjwa huu itaonyesha matokeo yenye matumaini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=alzheimer |title= Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials |accessdate= 2008-08-18 |publisher= US National Institutes of Health }}</ref> Baadhi ya mienendo ya maisha ambayo haihusu upasuaji, imetajwa kwa ajili ya kuzuia ugonjwa wa Alzeima, lakini kuna ukosefu wa ushahidi wa kutosha wa uhusiano kati ya mapendekezo hayo na kupungua kwa kusawijika. Kusisimua akili, mazoezi, na lishe bora yanapendekezwa, kama njia za kujikinga na njia ya busara ya kudhibiti ugonjwa huo. <ref name="prevention1">{{cite web | title=Can Alzheimer's disease be prevented | url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/63B5A29C-F943-4DB7-91B4-0296772973F3/0/CanADbePrevented.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=National Institute on Aging | accessdate=2008-02-29 | date=2006-08-29 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002125551/http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/63B5A29C-F943-4DB7-91B4-0296772973F3/0/CanADbePrevented.pdf | archivedate=2006-10-02 }}</ref> Kwa sababu Alzeima haiwezi kutibiwa na husababisha kusawijika, utunzaji wa wagonjwa ni muhimu. Wajibu mkuu wa mlezi mara nyingi kuchukuliwa na mke au jamaa wa karibu.<ref name="metlife.com">{{cite web | title= The MetLife study of Alzheimer's disease: The caregiving experience | month= Agosti | year= 2006 |archivedate=2008-06-25 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080625071754/http://www.metlife.com/WPSAssets/14050063731156260663V1FAlzheimerCaregivingExperience.pdf | publisher=MetLife Mature Market Institute | format=PDF | accessdate=2008-02-12 }}</ref> Ugonjwa wa Alzeima unajulikana kwa kuwatwika walezi wa wagonjwa mzigo mkubwa na mashinikizo yanaweza kuwa ya aina nyingi, yakiwemo ya kijamii, ya kisaikolojia, ya kimwili, na ya kiuchumi katika maisha ya mlezi huyo.<ref name="pmid17662119">{{cite journal |author=Thompson CA, Spilsbury K, Hall J, Birks Y, Barnes C, Adamson J |title=Systematic review of information and support interventions for caregivers of people with dementia |journal=BMC Geriatr |volume=7 |page=18 |year=2007 |pmid=17662119 |pmc=1951962 |doi=10.1186/1471-2318-7-18 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10489656">{{cite journal |author=Schneider J, Murray J, Banerjee S, Mann A |title=EUROCARE: a cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer's disease: I—Factors associated with carer burden |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_1999-08_14_8/page/651 |journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=651–661 |year=1999 |month=Agosti |pmid=10489656 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<651::AID-GPS992>3.0.CO;2-B |accessdate=2008-07-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Murray J, Schneider J, Banerjee S, Mann A |title=EUROCARE: a cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer's disease: II—A qualitative analysis of the experience of caregiving |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_1999-08_14_8/page/662 |journal=International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=662–667 |year=1999 |month=Agosti |pmid=10489657 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<662::AID-GPS993>3.0.CO;2-4 }}</ref> Katika nchi zilizoendelea, Alzeima ni mojawapo ya magonjwa yenye gharama kubwa sana kwa jamii.<ref name="pmid15685097">{{cite journal |author=Bonin-Guillaume S, Zekry D, Giacobini E, Gold G, Michel JP |title=Impact économique de la démence (English: The economical impact of dementia) |language=French |journal=Presse Med |issn=0755-4982 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=35–41 |year=2005 |month=Januari |pmid=15685097 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9543467">{{cite journal |author=Meek PD, McKeithan K, Schumock GT |title=Economic considerations in Alzheimer's disease |journal=Pharmacotherapy |volume=18 |issue=2 Pt 2 |pages=68–73; discussion 79–82 |year=1998 |pmid=9543467 }}</ref> == Sifa == Mkondo wa ugonjwa umegawanywa katika hatua nne, na mwelekeo wa kuendelea kuharibika kwa utambuzi na utendaji wa mambo. === Kabla ya Dementia === Dalili za kwanza mara nyingi uhusishwa kimakosa kama zinazotokana na kuzeeka au fadhaa.<ref name="pmid17222085"/> Upimwaji wa kina wa kinyurosaikolojia unaweza kufichua matatizo madogo madogo ya utambuzi wa mambo hadi miaka minane kabla ya mtu kutimiza vigezo vya kliniki kwa ajili ya utambuzi wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid15324363">{{cite journal |author=Bäckman L, Jones S, Berger AK, Laukka EJ, Small BJ |title=Multiple cognitive deficits during the transition to Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-internal-medicine_2004-09_256_3/page/195 |journal=J Intern Med |volume=256 |issue=3 |pages=195–204 |year=2004 |month=Sep |pmid=15324363 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01386.x }}</ref> Dalili hizi za mapema zinaweza kuathiri shughuli tata zaidi za maisha ya kila siku.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Nygård L |title=Instrumental activities of daily living: a stepping-stone towards Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in subjects with mild cognitive impairment? |journal=Acta Neurol Scand |volume=Suppl |issue=179 |pages=42–6 |year=2003 |month= |pmid=12603250 |doi= 10.1034/j.1600-0404.107.s179.8.x }}</ref> Upungufu unaoonekana kwa urahisi sana ni kupoteza kwa kumbukumbu ya mambo, ambayo hujitokeza kama ugumu wa kukumbuka mambo msingi yaliyosomwa hivi karibuni na kukosa uwezo wa kupata habari mpya.<ref name="pmid15324363"/><ref name="pmid12603249">{{cite journal |author=Arnáiz E, Almkvist O |title=Neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment and preclinical Alzheimer's disease |journal=Acta Neurol. Scand., Suppl. |volume=179 |pages=34–41 |year=2003 |pmid=12603249 |doi=10.1034/j.1600-0404.107.s179.7.x |accessdate=2008-06-12 }}</ref> Matatizo ya utambuzi na utendaji rasmi waumakinifu, [[Mipango|kupanga]], uwezo wa kubadilika kwa urahisi kutoka na mageuzi ya mambo, na kuwaza kidhahania, au kuharibika kwa kumbukumbu ya kisemantiki (kumbukumbu ya maana, na uhusiano wa dhana), yanaweza pia kuwa ni dalili ya hatua za kwanza za Alzeima.<ref name="pmid15324363"/> Kutojali kunaweza kuonekana katika hatua hii, na inaenaendelea kuwa dalili sugu yakinyurosaikologia katika mwenendo wa ugonjwa huu.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Landes AM, Sperry SD, Strauss ME, Geldmacher DS |title=Apathy in Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-geriatrics-society_2001-12_49_12/page/1700 |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=49 |issue=12 |pages=1700–7 |year=2001 |month=Dec |pmid=11844006 |doi=10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49282.x }}</ref> Hatua ya kabla ya kutambuliwa ya ugonjwa pia hujulikana kama uharibifu mdogo wa utambuzi wa mambo,<ref name="pmid12603249"/>lakini kama jina hili linalingana na hatua tofauti ya utambuzi au linatambua hatua ya kwanza ya Alzeima ni suala lenye mgogoro.<ref name="pmid17279076"> {{cite journal |author=Petersen RC |title=The current status of mild cognitive impairment—what do we tell our patients? |journal=Nat Clin Pract Neurol |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=60–1 |year=2007 |month=Februari |pmid=17279076 |doi=10.1038/ncpneuro0402 }}</ref> === Kuanza kwa Dementia === Kwa watu walio na Alzeima ongezeko la kuharibika kwa uwezo wa kujifunza na kumbukumbu hatimaye hupelekea kufanywa kwa utambuzi dhihiri. Katika sehemu ndogo ya watu hawa, matatizo ya lugha, utendaji wa mambo, utambuzi (agnosia), au utekelezaji wa majukumu (apraksia) ni dhahiri zaidi kuliko matatizo ya kumbukumbu.<ref name="pmid10653284"> {{cite journal |author=Förstl H, Kurz A |title=Clinical features of Alzheimer's disease |journal=European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience |volume=249 |issue=6 |pages=288–290 |year=1999 |pmid=10653284 |doi=10.1007/s004060050101 }}</ref> Alzeima haiathiri uwezo wote wa kumbukumbu kwa njia usawa. Kumbukumbu za kitambo za maisha ya mtu (kumbukumbu za matukio), mambo ya kujifunza (kumbukumbu za kisemantiki), na kumbukumbu isiyojitokeza wazi (kumbukumbu ya mwili kuhusu jinsi ya kufanya mambo, kama vile kutumia uma kula) huwa zinathirika na kiasi kidogo kuliko mambo mapya au kumbukumbu.<ref name="pmid1300219"> {{cite journal |author=Carlesimo GA, Oscar-Berman M |title=Memory deficits in Alzheimer's patients: a comprehensive review |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neuropsychology-review_1992-06_3_2/page/n2 |journal=Neuropsychol Rev |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=119–69 |year=1992 |month=Juni |pmid=1300219 |doi=10.1007/BF01108841 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8821346"> {{cite journal |author=Jelicic M, Bonebakker AE, Bonke B |title=Implicit memory performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a brief review |journal=International Psychogeriatrics |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=385–392 |year=1995 |pmid=8821346 | doi = 10.1017/S1041610295002134 }}</ref> Matatizo ya lugha hasa huwa na sifa ya kupungua kwa msamiati na ufasaha wa maneno, husababisha kuharibika kwa jumla kwa lugha simulizi lugha ya kuandikwa.<ref name="pmid10653284"/><ref name="pmid1856925">{{cite journal |author=Taler V, Phillips NA |title=Language performance in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a comparative review |journal= J Clin Exp Neuropsychol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=501–56 |year=2008 |month=Jul |pmid=1856925 |doi=10.1080/13803390701550128 }}</ref> Katika hatua hii, mtu aliye na Alzeima kwa kawaida huwa na uwezo wa kutosha wa kuwasilisha mawazo ya msingi.<ref name="pmid10653284"/><ref name="pmid1856925"/><ref name="pmid7967534">{{cite journal |author=Frank EM |title=Effect of Alzheimer's disease on communication function |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-south-carolina-medical-association_1994-09_90_9/page/417 |journal=J S C Med Assoc |volume=90 |issue=9 |pages=417–23 |year=1994 |month=Septemba |pmid=7967534 }}</ref> Wakati anapotekeleza majukumu ya misuli kama vile kuandika, kuchora au kuvaa nguo, baadhi ya matatizo ya kudhibiti mwendo na kuratibu (apraksia) zinaweza kuwepo lakini kwa kawaida hazitambuliwi.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Ugonjwa unavyoendelea, watu wenye Alzeima mara nyingi huendelea kufanya kazi nyingi kwa kujitegemea, lakini huhitaji msaada au usimamizi katika shughuli zinazohitaji uamuzi mkubwa.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> === Dementia ya Wastani === Kudhoofika kunavyoendelea hatimaye kunazuia kujitegemea, huku anayehusika akishindwa kufanya shughuli za kawaida za maisha ya kila siku.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Matatizo ya maongezi huwa wazi kutokana na kutokuwa na uwezo wa kukumbuka msamiati, ambayo hupelekea matumizi ya mara kwa mara ya misamiati isiyo sawa (paraphasia). Ujuzi wa kusoma na kuandika pia huendelea kupotea.<ref name="pmid10653284"/><ref name="pmid7967534"/> Taratibu tata za shughuli zinazohusisha misuli huzidi hupoteza uwiano kadri wakati unavyopita na Alzeima inavyoendelea, hivyo hatari ya kuanguka huongezeka.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Wakati wa awamu hii, matatizo ya kumbukumbu huwa mabaya, na mtu anaweza kushindwa kutambua jamaa wa karibu.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Kumbukumbu ya muda mrefu, ambayo ilikuwa hapo awali haijaathiriwa, sasa hudhoofika.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Mabadiliko ya kitabia na kinyurosaikayatri huenea zaidi. Mara nyingi haya hudhihirika katika kutangatanga, kuwashwa na kuathirika kwa maongezi, hali ambazo husababisha kilio, uvamizi usio na sababu au kukataa huduma za mtunzaji.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Kuchanganyikiwa na njozi za usiku zinaweza pia kuonekana.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Volicer L, Harper DG, Manning BC, Goldstein R, Satlin A |title=Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease |journal=Am J Psychiatry |volume=158 |issue=5 |pages=704–11 |year=2001 |month=Mei |pmid=11329390 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/5/704 |accessdate=2008-08-27 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.158.5.704 |archive-date=2011-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611235057/http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/5/704 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Takriban 30% ya wagonjwa huwa na kutambua kusiko sahihi kwa mawazo yasiyo ya ukweli na dalili zingine za kudanganyika.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Anayehusika pia hupoteza ufahamu wa mchakato wa ugonjwa wao na upungufu (anosognosia).<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Shida ya kutoweza kuzuia mkojo pia huanza.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Dalili hizi huleta dhiki ya kimawazo kwa jamaa na watunzaji wake, mambo ambayo yaweza kupunguzwa kwa kumhamisha mgonjwa kutoka kwa huduma ya nyumbani hadi vituo vya huduma ya muda mrefu .<ref name="pmid10653284"/><ref name="pmid7806732">{{cite journal |author=Gold DP, Reis MF, Markiewicz D, Andres D |title=When home caregiving ends: a longitudinal study of outcomes for caregivers of relatives with dementia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-geriatrics-society_1995-01_43_1/page/10 |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=10–6 |year=1995 |month=Januari |pmid=7806732 }}</ref> === Dementia Pevu === Katika hatua hii ya mwisho ya Alzeima, mgonjwa hutegemea kabisa watunzaji.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Lugha hupunguka hadi kwa maneno rahisi au hata neno moja, hatimaye kusababisha kupotea kabisa kwa uwezo wa maongezi.<ref name="pmid10653284"/><ref name="pmid7967534"/> Hata baada ya kupoteza uwezo wa maongezi ya lugha, wagonjwa wanaweza mara kwa mara kuelewa na kujibu ishara za kihisia.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Ingawa uchokozi bado upo, hali ya kutojali iliyokithiri na uchovu ni matokeo ya kawaida zaidi.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Wagonjwa hatimaye watashindwa kutenda hata mambo rahisi kabisa bila kusaidiwa.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Mkusanyiko wa misuli na uwezo wa kuenda huzorota hadi pale ambapo wagonjwa hulazwa tu kitandani, na hupoteza uwezo wa kujilisha wenyewe.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Alzeima ni ugonjwa usiotibika lakini sababu ya kifo aghalabu huwa ugonjwa mwingine kama vile vidonda vya shinikizo au nimonia, si Alzeima yenyewe.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> == Chanzo == Nadharia tete kadhaa zipo zinazojaribu kuelezea chanzo cha ugonjwa huu. Ile ya zamani, ambayo ni msingi wa matibabu ya madawa mengi ya kisasa ni nadharia tete ya kikolinajia ''<ref name="pmid10071091">{{cite journal |author=Francis PT, Palmer AM, Snape M, Wilcock GK |title=The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: a review of progress |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=137–47 |year=1999 |month=Februari |pmid=10071091 |pmc=1736202 |doi= 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.137|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neurology-neurosurgery-and-psychiatry_1999-02_66_2/page/137}}</ref>ambayo inapendekeza kwamba Alzeima hunasababishwa na kupunguka kwa kutengezwa kwa kipeleki cha nyuro cha asetilikolini.'' Nadharia tete hii haijaungwa mkono sana, hasa kwa sababu madawa yanayonuiwa kutibu upungufu wa asetilikolini huwa si mazuri sana. Athari zingine za kikolinajia pia zimependekezwa, kwa mfano, kuanza kujikusanya kwa ukubwa wa amiloidi,<ref name="pmid15236795">{{cite journal |author=Shen ZX |title=Brain cholinesterases: II. The molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Med Hypotheses |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=308–21 |year=2004 |pmid=15236795 |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.031 }}</ref>inayo sababisha uvimbe wa nyuro usio wa kawaida.<ref name="pmid12934968">{{cite journal |author=Wenk GL |title=Neuropathologic changes in Alzheimer's disease |journal=J Clin Psychiatry |volume=64 Suppl 9 |pages=7–10 |year=2003 |pmid=12934968 }}</ref> Katika mwaka wa 1991,''nadharia ya amiloidi'' ilidai kwamba amana za amiloidi beta (Aβ) ndiyo chanzo msingi cha ugonjwa huu.<ref name="pmid1763432">{{cite journal |author=Hardy J, Allsop D |title=Amyloid deposition as the central event in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Trends Pharmacol. Sci. |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=383–88 |year=1991 |month=Oktoba |pmid=1763432 |doi=10.1016/0165-6147(91)90609-V }}</ref><ref name="pmid11801334">{{cite journal |author=Mudher A, Lovestone S |title=Alzheimer's disease-do tauists and baptists finally shake hands? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-neurosciences_2002-01_25_1/page/22 |journal=Trends Neurosci. |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=22–26 |year=2002 |month=Januari |pmid=11801334 |doi=10.1016/S0166-2236(00)02031-2 }}</ref> Uungaji mkono wa madai haya unatokana na kuwepo kwa jeni ya amiloidi tangulizi ya protini beta (APP) juu ya kromosomu 21, pamoja na ukweli kwamba watu walio natrisomia 21 (Down Syndrome) ambao wana nakala ziada ya jeni karibu ulimwenguni kote hudhihirisha Alzeima wanapofikisha umri wa maika 40.<ref name="pmid16904243">{{cite journal |author=Nistor M, Don M, Parekh M, ''et al.'' |title=Alpha- and beta-secretase activity as a function of age and beta-amyloid in Down syndrome and normal brain |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurobiology-of-aging_2007-10_28_10/page/1493 |journal=Neurobiol Aging |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=1493–1506 |year=2007 |month=Oktoba |pmid=16904243 |doi=10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.06.023 |last12=Head |first12=E }}</ref><ref name="pmid15639317">{{cite journal |author=Lott IT, Head E |title=Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome: factors in pathogenesis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurobiology-of-aging_2005-03_26_3/page/n112 |journal=Neurobiol Aging |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=383–89 |year=2005 |month=Machi |pmid=15639317 |doi=10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.08.005 }}</ref> APOE4 ndiyo hatari kubwa ya kimaumbile ya Alzeima, husababisha kuongezeka kwa mkusanyiko zaidi wa amiloidi katika ubongo kabla ya dalili za Alzeima kujitokeza. Hivyo basi, kujikusanya kwa Aβ hutokea kabla ya Alzeima ya kliniki.<ref name="pmid7566000">{{cite journal |author=Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M, ''et al.'' |title=Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_the-new-england-journal-of-medicine_1995-11-09_333_19/page/1242 |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=333 |issue=19 |pages=1242–47 |year=1995 |month=Novemba |pmid=7566000 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199511093331902 }}</ref> Ushahidi zaidi unatokana na kupatikana kwamba panya wenye jeni geuzi iliyotokana na wanyama weingine ya jeni APP ya binadamu hukua na kusababisha utando wa amiloidi fibrila na ishara za ugonjwa wa akili kama Alzeima ulio na upungufu wa mafunzo ya kimahali. <ref>Panya wenye jeni za wanyama wengine: * {{cite journal |author=Games D, Adams D, Alessandrini R, ''et al.'' |title=Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1995-02-09_373_6514/page/522 |journal=Nature |volume=373 |issue=6514 |pages=523–27 |year=1995 |month=Februari |pmid=7845465 |doi=10.1038/373523a0 }} * {{cite journal |author=Masliah E, Sisk A, Mallory M, Mucke L, Schenk D, Games D |title=Comparison of neurodegenerative pathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein and Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neuroscience_1996-09-15_16_18/page/n244 |journal=J Neurosci |volume=16 |issue=18 |pages=5795–811 |year=1996 |month=Septemba |pmid=8795633 }} * {{cite journal |author=Hsiao K, Chapman P, Nilsen S, ''et al.'' |title=Correlative memory deficits, Abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1996-10-04_274_5284/page/98 |journal=Science (journal) |volume=274 |issue=5284 |pages=99–102 |year=1996 |month=Oktoba |pmid=8810256 |doi=10.1126/science.274.5284.99 }} * {{cite journal |author=Lalonde R, Dumont M, Staufenbiel M, Sturchler-Pierrat C, Strazielle C. |title=Spatial learning, exploration, anxiety, and motor coordination in female APP23 transgenic mice with the Swedish mutation. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_brain-research_2002-11-22_956_1/page/36 |journal=Brain Research (journal) |volume=956 |pages=36–44, year=2002 |pmid=12426044 |doi=10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03476-5 |year=2002 |issue=1 }} </ref> Majaribio ya chanjo yalionekana kuondoa utando wa amiloidi katika majaribio ya awali ya binadamu, lakini hayakuwa na athari yoyote muhimu kwa dementia. <ref name="pmid18640458">{{cite journal |author=Holmes C, Boche D, Wilkinson D, ''et al.'' |title=Long-term effects of Abeta42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_july-19-25-2008_372_9634/page/216 |journal=Lancet |volume=372 |issue=9634 |pages=216–23 |year=2008 |month=Julai |pmid=18640458 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61075-2 |last12=Nicoll |first12=JA }}</ref> Watafiti wamepelekewa kudhania kwamba oligoma zisizo za utando za Aβ (mkusanyiko wa monoma nyingi) ndio muundo wa kimsingi wa Aβ. Hizi oligoma za sumu, pia zinajulikana kama Seli-gandi Tawanyishi zitokanazo na Amiloidi (ADDLs), hujigandisha kwenye kipokezi cha nyuroni na kubadilisha muundo wa sinapsi, na hivyo basi kusitisha mawasiliano ya neva.<ref name="pmid17251419"> {{cite journal |author=Lacor PN,''et al.'' |title=Aß Oligomer-Induced Aberrations in Synapse Composition, Shape, and Density Provide a Molecular Basis for Loss of Connectivity in Alzheimer's Disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neuroscience_2007-01-24_27_4/page/796 |journal=Journal of Neuroscience |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=796–807 |year=2007 |month=Januari |pmid=17251419 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3501-06.2007 |last2=Buniel |first2=MC |last3=Furlow |first3=PW |last4=Clemente |first4=AS |last5=Velasco |first5=PT |last6=Wood |first6=M |last7=Viola |first7=KL |last8=Klein |first8=WL }}</ref> Mojawapo ya kipokezi cha Oligoma ya Aβ inaweza kuwaprotini aina ya Prioni, protini ambayo pia imehusishwa na ugonjwa wa kichaa cha ng'ombe na hali inayofanana kwenye binadamu, ugonjwa wa Creutzfeldt-Jakob, hivyo basi kuunganisha mfumo wa msingi wa matatizo haya ya kuzorota kwa nyuro na yale ya ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid19242475"> {{cite journal |author=Lauren J, Gimbel D, ''et al.'' |title=Cellular prion protein mediates impairment of synaptic plasticity by amyloid-beta oligomers |journal=Nature |volume=457 |issue=7233 |pages=1128–32 |year=2009 |month=Februari |pmid=19242475 |doi=10.1038/nature07761 |pmc=2748841 }}</ref> Katika 2009, nadharia hii iliboreshwa,huku ikipendekeza kuwa aina ya karibu ya protini ya beta-amiloidi, na siyo lazima iwe beta-amiloidi yenyewe, inaweza kuwa ndiyo chanzo kikubwa cha ugonjwa huu. Nadharia hii inashikilia kwamba utaratibu unaohusiana na amiloidi inayopogoa viunganishi vya nyuro katika ubongo katika awamu ya haraka ya awali ya ukuaji wa maisha inaweza kusababishwa na mifumo inayohusiana na kuzeeka katika maisha ya baadaye na kusababisha kunyauka kwa neva kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="Nikolaev">{{cite journal | first= Anatoly | last= Nikolaev | coauthors= Todd McLaughlin, Dennis O'Leary, Marc Tessier-Lavigne | date= 19 Februari 2009 | title= N-APP binds DR6 to cause axon pruning and neuron death via distinct caspases | url= https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-02-19_457_7232/page/981 | journal= Nature | volume= 457 | issue= 7232 | pages= 981–989 | issn= 0028-0836 | pmid= 19225519 | pmc= 2677572 | doi= 10.1038/nature07767 | accessdate= Mei 2009 }} </ref> N-APP, sehemu ya APP kutoka peptidi ya N ya mwisho-, ni karibu na beta-amiloidi na imepasuliwa kutoka kwa APP na mojawapo ya vimeng'enya. N-APP huchochea mkondo wa kujiharibu kwa kujiunganisha kwa kipokezi cha kinyuro kinachoitwa kipokezi cha kifo 6 (DR6, pia inajulikana kama TNFRSF21).<ref name="Nikolaev"/> DR6 huonekana sana katika maeneo ya ubongo wa binadamu walioathirika zaidi na Alzeima, hivyo inawezekana kwamba njia ya N-APP/DR6 yaweza kutekwa nyara katika ubongo unaozeeka ili kusababisha uharibifu. Katika mfumo huu, Beta-amiloidi hutekeleza jukumu la usaidizi, kwa kukomesha kazi kwa kubana utendakazi wa kisinapti. Utafiti uliofanywa katika mwaka wa 2004 ulipata kuwa utando za amiloidi haziwiani vyema na upotevu wa nyuro.<ref name="pmid15039236">{{cite journal |author=Schmitz C, Rutten BP, Pielen A, ''et al.'' |title=Hippocampal neuron loss exceeds amyloid plaque load in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Am J Pathol |volume=164 |issue=4 |pages=1495–1502 |year=2004 |month=Aprili |pmid=15039236 |pmc=1615337 |last12=Steinbusch |first12=HW |last13=Pradier |first13=L |last14=Bayer |first14=TA }}</ref> Uchunguzi huu unaunga mkono nadharia tete ya''tau,'' dhana kwamba matatizo ya protini ya tau huanzisha kuzuka kwa ugonjwa huu.<ref name="pmid11801334"/> Kulingana na mfumo huu, tau ya haipafosforilia huanza kushikana na nyuzi zingine za tau. Hatimaye, hutengeneza utando wa nyurofibirila ndani ya miili ya seli za neva.<ref name="pmid1669718">{{cite journal |author=Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Crowther RA |title=Tau proteins and neurofibrillary degeneration |journal=Brain Pathol |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=279–86 |year=1991 |month=Julai |pmid=1669718 |doi=10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00671.x }}</ref> Wakati hili linapotokea, mishipa midogo zaidi husambaratika na kusababisha kuharibika kwa mfumo wa usafiri wa nyuro.<ref name="pmid15615638">{{cite journal |author=Iqbal K, Alonso Adel C, Chen S, ''et al.'' |title=Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies |journal=Biochim Biophys Acta |volume=1739 |issue=2–3 |pages=198–210 |year=2005 |month=Januari |pmid=15615638 |doi=10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.09.008 |url= |last12=Grundke-Iqbal |first12=I }}</ref> Hii inaweza kusababisha kwanza kutofanya kazi kwa mawasiliano ya biokemikali kati ya nyuro na baadaye kifo cha seli.<ref name="pmid17127334">{{cite journal |author=Chun W, Johnson GV |title=The role of tau phosphorylation and cleavage in neuronal cell death |journal=Front Biosci |volume=12 |pages=733–56 |year=2007 |pmid=17127334 |doi=10.2741/2097 }}</ref> Malengelenge ya Hepisi simpuleksiya virusi vya aina 1 pia yamependekezwa kutekeleza jukumu sababishi katika kubeba aina shawishi za jeni ya apoE. <ref name="pmid18487848"> {{cite journal |author=Itzhaki RF, Wozniak MA |title=Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Alzheimer's disease: the enemy within |journal=J Alzheimers Dis |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=393–405 |year=2008 |month=Mei |pmid=18487848 |doi= |issn=1387-2877 |url=http://iospress.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=1387-2877&volume=13&issue=4&spage=393 }}</ref> Nadharia tete nyingine inasisitiza kwamba ugonjwa huu unaweza kuwa unasababishwa na kuvunjika kwa mayelinindani ya ubongo kunakotokana na umri. Kuvunjika huku kwa mayelini husababisha kusitishwa kwa usafiri wa kimkongo, na hivyo husababisha kupotezwa kwa nyuro ambazo huganda. Madini ya chuma yanayotolewa wakati wa kuvunjwa kwa mayelina hudaiwa kuwa husababisha uharibifu zaidi. Mifumo karabati wa uthabitishaji wa mayelini huchangia katika kukua kwa amana za protini kama vile-beta Amiloidi na tau.<ref>{{Cite pmid| 19775776}}</ref><ref>{{Cite pmid| 15665415}}</ref><ref>{{Cite pmid|18596894}}</ref> Fadhaa ya uoksidishaji ni sababu kubwa katika kutokea kwa ugonjwa huu./} Watu walio na Alzeima huonyesha kupoteza kwa 70% ya udhibiti wa seli za [[kurulusi]] ambazo hutoa norepinefrini (pamoja na wajibu wake wa uwasilishi wa nyuro) ambazo kwa kawaida huenea kutoka kwa “varicositi” kama za kusababishwa na mwili wenyewe kupiganan na uvimbe kwenye mazingira madogo yanayozunguka nyuro, seli za gliali, na mishipa ya damu kwenye neokoteksi na hipokampasi.<ref name="Heneka"> Heneka MT, Nadrigny F, Regen T, Martinez-Hernandez A, Dumitrescu-Ozimek L, Terwel D, Jardanhazi-Kurutz D, Walter J, Kirchhoff F, Hanisch UK, Kummer MP. (2010). [http://www.pnas.org.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/content/107/13/6058.full.pdf Locus ceruleus hudhibiti patholojia ya Alzeima kwa kusimamia utendajikazi wa microglial kupitia norepinephrine.] Proc Natl Acad Sci Marekani A. 107:6058-6063 {{doi|10.1073/pnas.0909586107}} PMID 20,231,476</ref> Imeonyeshwa kuwa norepinefrini huchangamsha kipanya cha microglia na kuzuia Aβ- uzalishaji ulishawishiwa wa saitokini na fagosaitosisi zao za Aβ.<ref name="Heneka"/> Hii inaashiria kwamba kuzorota kwa ceruleusi ya mahali maalum yaweza kuwajibika kwa utuaji uliongezeka wa Aβ kwenye ubongo wa Alzeima.<ref name="Heneka"/> == Pathofiziolojia == [[Picha:Alzheimer dementia (3) presenile onset.jpg|thumb|Mfano wa Histopatholojia wa utando dhoofu unavyoonekana katika oteksi ya serebali ya mtu alye na ugonjwa wa mwanzo Alzeima kabla ya uzee. Kutiliwa fedha.]] === Patholojia ya Nyuro === Ugonjwa wa Alzeima una sifa ya kupotezwa kwa nyuro na sinepsi katika tabaka la juu la ubongo na baadhi ya ya maeneo madogo ya oteksi. Upotevu huu hupelekea kudhoofika kwa jumla kwa maeneo yaliyoathirika, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuzorota kwa ndewe ya wakati na ndewe ya parietali, na sehemu ya mbele ya koteksi na mzunguko wa "singulate".<ref name="pmid12934968"/> Utafiti unaotumia MRI na PET umetia kwenye kumbukumbu kupunguka kwa ukubwa maeneo maalum ya ubongo ya wagonjwa wanavyoendelea kutoka kwa kuharibika kwa umauzi wa kadiri hadi kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima , na kwa kulinganisha na picha zinazofanana kutoka kwa watu wazima walio na uzeee na wenye afya.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Moan R|title=MRI software accurately IDs preclinical Alzheimer's disease|journal=Diagnostic Imaging|date=20 Julai 2009|url=http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/news/display/article/113619/1428344|access-date=2010-10-18|archive-date=2016-05-16|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516192841/http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/news/display/article/113619/1428344|dead-url=yes|=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516192841/http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/news/display/article/113619/1428344}}</ref> Tando zote za amiloidi na utanda neurofibrila huonekana wazi wazi na microscopia katika akili ya wale walio na taabu ya Alzeima.<ref name="pmid15184601">{{cite journal |author=Tiraboschi P, Hansen LA, Thal LJ, Corey-Bloom J |title=The importance of neuritic plaques and tangles to the development and evolution of AD |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_2004-06-08_62_11/page/n140 |journal=Neurology |volume=62 |issue=11 |pages=1984–9 |year=2004 |month=Juni |pmid=15184601 }}</ref> Tando ni nene, hakunaamana zaidi za beta peptidi amiloidi na nyenzo [[Seli|za mkononi]] nje na kuzunguka nyuro. Mfungamano (mfungamano wa neurofibrila) ni mkusanyiko wa neli ndogo za protini za tau ambazo zimekuwa haipafosoforia na kujilimbikiza ndani ya seli zenyewe. Ingawa watu wengi zaidi hupata tando na mfungamano kama matokeo ya uzee, wagonjwa wa Alzeima huwa nazo kwa wingi katika sehemu maalum za ubongo kama vile tundu ya wakati.<ref name="pmid8038565">{{cite journal |author=Bouras C, Hof PR, Giannakopoulos P, Michel JP, Morrison JH |title=Regional distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of elderly patients: a quantitative evaluation of a one-year autopsy population from a geriatric hospital |journal=Cereb. Cortex |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=138–50 |year=1994 |pmid=8038565 |doi=10.1093/cercor/4.2.138 }}</ref> Mkusanyiko mkubwa wa protini (Miili ya Lewy) si adimu katika ubongo wa mgonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid11816795">{{cite journal |author=Kotzbauer PT, Trojanowsk JQ, Lee VM |title=Lewy body pathology in Alzheimer's disease |journal=J Mol Neurosci |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=225–32 |year=2001 |month=Oct |pmid=11816795 |doi=10.1385/JMN:17:2:225 }}</ref> === Biokemia === [[Picha:Amyloid-plaque formation-big.jpg|right|thumb|border|Vimeng'enya hufanyia kazi APP (protini tangulizi ya amiloidi) na kuikata katika vipande. Kipande cha amiloidi beta ni muhimu katika uundaji wa utando dhoofu katika Alzeima.]] Ugonjwa wa Alzeima umetambuliwa kama ugonjwa wa u kukunjwa vibaya kwa protini (proteopathia) , unaosababishwa na protini za A/beta na tau zilizojikunja vibaya ubongoni.<ref name="pmid14528050">{{cite journal |author=Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Crews L, Masliah E |title=Role of protein aggregation in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases |journal=Neuromolecular Med. |volume=4 |issue=1–2 |pages=21–36 |year=2003 |pmid=14528050 |doi=10.1385/NMM:4:1-2:21 }}</ref> Utando umeundwa kwa peptidi ndogo, zenye urefu wa asidi ya amino 39-43 uitwao beta amiloidi-(pia huandikwa pia kama A-beta-au Aβ). Beta-amiloidi ni kipande kutoka protini kubwa iitwayo amiloidi tangulizi (APP), protini iliyotanda na hupenya kwa utando wa nyuroni. APP ni muhimu kwa ukuaji nyuroni, kuishi na-kujirekebisha baada ya majeraha.<ref name="pmid16822978">{{cite journal |author=Priller C, Bauer T, Mitteregger G, Krebs B, Kretzschmar HA, Herms J |title=Synapse formation and function is modulated by the amyloid precursor protein |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neuroscience_2006-07-05_26_27/page/n108 |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=26 |issue=27 |pages=7212–21 |year=2006 |month=Julai |pmid=16822978 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1450-06.2006 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12927332">{{cite journal |author=Turner PR, O'Connor K, Tate WP, Abraham WC |title=Roles of amyloid precursor protein and its fragments in regulating neural activity, plasticity and memory |url=https://archive.org/details/progress-in-neurobiology_2003-05_70_1/page/1 |journal=Prog. Neurobiol. |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |year=2003 |month=Mei |pmid=12927332 |doi=10.1016/S0301-0082(03)00089-3 }}</ref> Katika ugonjwa wa Alzeima, mchakato usiojulikana husababisha APP kugawanyika kwa vipande vidogo kupitia kimengenyakatika proteolisisi.<ref name="pmid15787600">{{cite journal |author=Hooper NM |title=Roles of proteolysis and lipid rafts in the processing of the amyloid precursor protein and prion protein |journal=Biochem. Soc. Trans. |volume=33 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=335–8 |year=2005 |month=Aprili |pmid=15787600 |doi=10.1042/BST0330335 }}</ref> Moja ya vipande hivi inazaa fibrili za amiloidi-beta, ambazo zinatengeza vibonge ambazo zinakusanyika nje ya nyuroni kwa wingi na kuunda vikundi ambavyo vinajulikana kama utando dhaifu.<ref name="pmid15184601"/><ref name="pmid15004691">{{cite journal |author=Ohnishi S, Takano K |title=Amyloid fibrils from the viewpoint of protein folding |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cellular-and-molecular-life-sciences_2004-03_61_5/page/n3 |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=61 |issue=5 |pages=511–24 |year=2004 |month=Machi |pmid=15004691 |doi=10.1007/s00018-003-3264-8 }}</ref> [[Picha:TANGLES HIGH.jpg|right|thumb|Katika ugonjwa wa Alzeima, mabadiliko katika protini ya tau yanapelekea kuharibika kwa mikrotubuli katika seli za ubongo.]] Alzeima pia hufikiriwa kuwa shida ya protini ya tau kutokana na kusanyikousio wa kawaida wa protini ya tau. Kila nyuroni ina mfupa wa ndani, mfumo wa ndani ambao kwa kiasi umeundwa kwa mifumo iitwayo mikrotubuli. Mikrotubuli hizi huwa kama alama, kuongoza virutubisho na molekuli kutoka katika mwili wa seli hadi mwisho wa mkongo na kurejea. Protini ya ''tau'' uhimarisha mikrotubuli wakati inapopata fosforasi, na kwa hiyo huitwa protini inayohusisha mikrotubuli. Katika Alzeima, tau bado hupitia mabadiliko ya kemikali, kuwa na fosfori nyingi, basi huanza kuunda jozi na nyuzi nyingine, na kuunda misokotano ya neurofibrila na kuharibu mfumo wa usafiri wa nyuroni.<ref name="pmid17604998">{{cite journal |author=Hernández F, Avila J |title=Tauopathies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cellular-and-molecular-life-sciences_2007-09_64_17/page/2219 |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=64 |issue=17 |pages=2219–33 |year=2007 |month=Septemba |pmid=17604998 |doi=10.1007/s00018-007-7220-x }}</ref> === Utaratibu wa ugonjwa === Jinsi mvurugiko wa uzalishaji na mkusanyiko wa peptidi amiloidi beta husababisha kuongezeka kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima haijulikani hasa.<ref name="pmid17622778">{{cite journal |author=Van Broeck B, Van Broeckhoven C, Kumar-Singh S |title=Current insights into molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and their implications for therapeutic approaches |journal=Neurodegener Dis |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=349–65 |year=2007 |pmid=17622778 |doi=10.1159/000105156 }}</ref> Nadharia tete ya amiloidi kijadi huashiria kuwa mkusanyiko wa peptidi amiloidi beta kama tukio kuu la kuchochea nyuroni kuzorota. Mkusanyiko wa fibrili za amiloidiambazo zinaaminika kuwa aina ya protini yenye sumu inayosababisha kuvuruga homiostasisi ya ayoni [[Kalisi|kalsiamu]] katika seli, husababisha chembe kufa (apoptosisi).<ref name="pmid2218531">{{cite journal |author=Yankner BA, Duffy LK, Kirschner DA |title=Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta protein: reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1990-10-12_250_4978/page/278 |journal=Science (journal) |volume=250 |issue=4978 |pages=279–82 |year=1990 |month=Oktoba |pmid=2218531 |doi=10.1126/science.2218531 }}</ref> Pia inajulikana kwamba Aβ huchagua kuendelea kukusanyika katika mitokondria katika seli za ubongo ulioathirika na Alzeima, na pia inazuia kazi fulani ya [[Kimeng'enya|kimengenya]] na matumizi ya glukosi na nyuroni.<ref name="pmid17424907">{{cite journal |author=Chen X, Yan SD |title=Mitochondrial Abeta: a potential cause of metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease |journal=IUBMB Life |volume=58 |issue=12 |pages=686–94 |year=2006 |month=Desemba |pmid=17424907 |doi=10.1080/15216540601047767}}</ref> Michakato mbalimbali yenye uvimbe na saitokini pia inaweza kuwa inahusika kwa kutokea kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima. Kuvimba ni ishara ya jumla ya uharibifu wa tishu katika ugonjwa wowote, na huweza kuwa baada ya uharibifu wa tishu katika Alzeima au ishara ya jibu la kinga.<ref name="pmid15681814">{{cite journal |author=Greig NH, Mattson MP, Perry T, ''et al.'' |title=New therapeutic strategies and drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases: p53 and TNF-alpha inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1035 |pages=290–315 |year=2004 |month=Desemba |pmid=15681814 |doi=10.1196/annals.1332.018 }}</ref> Tofauti katika ugawaji wa neurotrofiki na tofauti katika uelezaji wa vipokezi vyao kama vile vipengele vya neurotrofiki zinazotokana na ubongo(BDNF) zilivyoelezwa katika Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tapia-Arancibia L, Aliaga E, Silhol M, Arancibia S |title=New insights into brain BDNF function in normal aging and Alzheimer disease |journal=[[Brain Research Reviews]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=201–20 |year=2008 |month=Nov |pmid=18708092 |doi=10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00378.x |author=Schindowski K, Belarbi K, Buée L |title=Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease: role of axonal transport |journal= [[Genes, Brain and Behavior]] |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=43–56 |year=2008 |month=Feb |pmid=18184369 |pmc=2228393 }}</ref> === Jenetiki === Na idadi kubwa ya kesi za ugonjwa wa Alzeima ni za mtawanyiko, ina maana kuwa ugonjwa huu haurithiwi ingawa baadhi ya jeni zinaongeza hatari. Kwa upande mwingine, karibu 0.1% ya kesi ni aina ya ugonjwa unaosababishwa na urithi wa kifamilia kutoka jeni za mzazi mmoja, ambao kwa kawaida huanza kabla ya umri wa 65.<ref name="pmid16876668">{{cite journal |author=Blennow K, de Leon MJ, Zetterberg H |title=Alzheimer's disease |journal=Lancet |volume=368 |issue=9533 |pages=387–403 |year=2006 |month=Julai |pmid=16876668 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69113-7 |url= }}</ref> Mara nyingi ugonjwa wa kifamilia wa Alzeima unaotokana na jeni za mzazi mmoja unaweza kuhusishwa na mabadiliko katika moja ya jeni tatu: protini tangulizi ya amiloidi (APP) na presenilini ya 1 na 2.<ref name="pmid18332245">{{cite journal |author=Waring SC, Rosenberg RN |title=Genome-wide association studies in Alzheimer disease |journal=Arch Neurol |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=329–34 |year=2008 |month=Machi |pmid=18332245 |doi=10.1001/archneur.65.3.329 }}</ref> Mabadiliko mengi katika APP na jeni ya presenilini huchangia uzalishaji wa protini ndogo iitwayoAβ42, ambayo ni sehemu kuu ya utando dhaifu.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Selkoe DJ |title=Translating cell biology into therapeutic advances in Alzheimer's disease |journal=Nature |volume=399 |issue=6738 Suppl |pages=A23–31 |year=1999 |month=Juni |pmid=10392577 |doi=10.1038/19866 }}</ref> Baadhi ya mabadiliko hubadilisha tu uwiano wa kawaida kati ya Aβ42 na miundo mingine mikuu, kama vile Aβ40-bila kuongeza viwango vya Aβ42.<ref name="pmid8938131">{{cite journal |author=Borchelt DR, Thinakaran G, Eckman CB, ''et al.'' |title=Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 variants elevate Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio in vitro and in vivo. |url=https://archive.org/details/neuron_1996-11_17_5/page/1005 |journal=Neuron |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=1005–13 |year=1996 |month=Nov |pmid=8938131 |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80230-5 |last12=Wang |first12=R |last13=Seeger |first13=M |last14=Levey |first14=AI |last15=Gandy |first15=SE |last16=Copeland |first16=NG |last17=Jenkins |first17=NA |last18=Price |first18=DL |last19=Younkin |first19=SG |last20=Sisodia |first20=SS }}</ref><ref name="pmid17254019">{{cite journal |author=Shioi J, Georgakopoulos A, Mehta P, ''et al.'' |title=FAD mutants unable to increase neurotoxic Aβ 42 suggest that mutation effects on neurodegeneration may be independent of effects on Abeta. |journal=J Neurochem. |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=674–81 |year=2007 |month=Mei |pmid=17254019 |doi=10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04391.x }}</ref> Hii inaashiria kwamba mabadiliko ya presenilini yanaweza kusababisha ugonjwa hata kama inapunguza kiwango cha Aβ zinazozalishwa na huweza kuashiria majukumu mengine ya presenilini au jukumu la mabadiliko katika kazi ya APP na / au vipande vyake vingine mbali na Aβ. Kesi zaidi za ugonjwa wa Alzeima hazionyeshi dalili za ugonjwa wa kurithi na hujulikana kama Alzeima ya mtawanyiko. Hata hivyo tofauti za kijenetiki zinaweza kuwa ishara ya hatari. Ishara ijulikanayo vyema zaidi ni urithi wa aleli ya ε4 apolipoprotini E (APOE).<ref name="pmid8446617">{{cite journal |author=Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, ''et al.'' |title=Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1977–81 |year=1993 |month=Machi |pmid=8446617 |pmc=46003 |doi=10.1073/pnas.90.5.1977 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16567625">{{cite journal |author=Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y |title=Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer's disease |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=103 |issue=15 |pages=5644–51 |year=2006 |month=Aprili |pmid=16567625 |pmc=1414631 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0600549103 |url= }}</ref> Kati ya 40 na 80% ya wagonjwa walio na Alzeima wanayo aleli ya apoE4.<ref name="pmid16567625"/> Aleli ya APOE4 huongeza hatari ya ugonjwa huo kwa mara tatu katika heterozigoti na kwa mara 15 katika homozigoti.<ref name="pmid16876668"/> Wanasayansi wa jenetiki wanakubaliana kwamba jeni nyingine nyingi pia huwa kama sababu za hatari au zina athari za kinga zinayoshawishi kuanza kwa kuchelewa ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid18332245"/> Zaidi ya jeni 400 zimepimwa kuonyesha uhusiano na Alzeima ya mtawanyiko inayoanza kwa kuchelewa,<ref name="pmid18332245"/>nyingi bila matokeo.<ref name="pmid16876668"/> == Utambuzi wa Ugonjwa == [[Picha:PET Alzheimer.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Uchungzi wa PET wa ubongo wa mtu aliye na Alzeima huonyesha upungufu wa utendaji kazi katika tundu ya panja]] Ugonjwa wa Alzeima kwa kawaida hutambulika kama ugonjwa kutoka kwa historia ya mgonjwa, historia ya pamoja kutoka kwa jamaa, na uchunguzi wa kimatibabu, kutegemea na kuwepo kwa sifaza kinyurolojia na kinyurosaikolojia za neva na kukosekana kwa hali mbadala.<ref name="pmid17407994">{{cite journal |author=Mendez MF |title=The accurate diagnosis of early-onset dementia |journal=International Journal of Psychiatry Medicine |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=401–412 |year=2006 |pmid=17407994 |doi=10.2190/Q6J4-R143-P630-KW41 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17018549">{{cite journal |author=Klafki HW, Staufenbiel M, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J |title=Therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_brain_2006-11_129_11/page/2840 |journal=Brain |volume=129 |issue=Pt 11 |pages=2840–55 |year=2006 |month=Novemba |pmid=17018549 |doi=10.1093/brain/awl280 }}</ref> Matibabu ya mionzi ya hali ya juu na tomografia ya utendajikazi au mwangwi wa sumaku wa upigaji picha (MRI), na kwa upigaji picha wa kitomografia wa utendajikazi wa mwili(SPECT) au picha ya kompyuta ya miale ya gama (PET) zinaweza kutumika kusaidia kutenga magonjwa mengine ya ubongo au aina nyingine za magonjwa ya ubongo.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG042quickrefguide.pdf |format = PDF |title = Dementia: Quick reference guide |publisher = (UK) [[National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence]] |location = London |month = Novemba |year = 2006 |isbn = 1-84629-312-X |accessdate = 2008-02-22 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227161412/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG042quickrefguide.pdf |archivedate = 2008-02-27 }}</ref> Aidha, inaweza kutabiri kubadilika kutoka hatua za mwanzo (upungufu wa uwezo wa utambuzi) hadi kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Schroeter ML, Stein T, Maslowski N, Neumann J |title=Neural correlates of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment – A meta-analysis including 1351 patients. |journal=NeuroImage |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=1196–1206 |year=2009 |pmid=19463961 |pmc=2730171 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.037 }}</ref> Tathmini ya utendajikazi wa wasomi pamoja na kupima kumbukumbu kunaweza kusaidia zaidi kutathmini hali ya ugonjwa huo.<ref name="pmid17222085"/> Mashirika ya kimatibabu yameunda vigezo vya uchunguzi wa kimatibabu ili kurahisisha na kuwekeza viwango vya michakato ya wauguzi. Utambuzi huweza kuwa imara zaidi wakati wa uchunguzi wa mwili wakati sehemu za ubongo zinaweza kupatikana na kuchunguzwa kihistoria.<ref name="pmid6610841">{{cite journal |author=McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM |title=Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_1984-07_34_7/page/939 |journal=Neurology |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=939–44 |year=1984 |month=Julai |pmid=6610841 }}</ref> === Vigezo vya uchunguzi wa kiutambuzi === Taasisi ya Taifa ya Kinyurojia na matatizo ya kimawasiliano na kiharusi (NINCDS) na Ushirika wa ugonjwa wa Alzeima na magonjwa husika (ADRDA, sasa inajulikana kama [[Chama cha Alzeima)]] [[NINCDS-ADRDA]] iliunda vigezo vinavyotumika kwa kawaida katika utambuzi mnamo 1984,<ref name="pmid6610841"/> vilivyoboreshwa mnamo 2007.<ref name="pmid17616482">{{cite journal |author=Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, ''et al.'' |title=Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria |journal=Lancet Neurol |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=734–46 |year=2007 |month=Agosti |pmid=17616482 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70178-3 |last12=O'brien |first12=J |last13=Pasquier |first13=F |last14=Robert |first14=P |last15=Rossor |first15=M |last16=Salloway |first16=S |last17=Stern |first17=Y |last18=Visser |first18=PJ |last19=Scheltens |first19=P }}</ref> Vigezo hivi vinahitaji kuwa kuwepo kwa uharibifu wa utambuzi, na kukishukiwa kuwepo kwa shida ya akili, na kuthibitishwa na kupima saikolojia ya akili kwa uchunguzi wa kimatibabu wa uwezekano au uwepo wa Alzeima. Uthibitisho kutoka kwa uchunguzi wa kina wa ugonjwa ikiwa ni pamoja na uchunguzi wa kina wa tishu ya ubongo inahitajika kwa ajili ya kuthibitisha uchunguzi. Takwimu za kuaminika na uhalali zimeonyeshwa kati ya vigezo vya uchunguzi na uthibitisho wa uchunguzi wa historia na maendeleo ya ugonjwa huu.<ref name="pmid7986174">{{cite journal |author=Blacker D, Albert MS, Bassett SS, Go RC, Harrell LE, Folstein MF |title=Reliability and validity of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=51 |issue=12 |pages=1198–204 |year=1994 |month=Desemba |pmid=7986174 }}</ref> Vitengo vinane vya utendaji kwa kawaida uharibiwa katika Alzeima- kumbukumbu, [[lugha]], ujuzi wa utambuzi, makini, uwezo wa kujenga, maelekezo, kutatua tatizo na uwezo wa utendaji. Vitengo hivi ni sawa na Vigezo vya Alzeima vya NINCDS-ADRDA kama vilivyoorodheshwa katika ''Uchunguzi na Takwimu za Mwongozo wa Magonjwa ya akili'' ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders '' (DSM-IV-TR) iliyochapishwa na Chama cha Marekani cha Kiakili.<ref>{{cite book |last=American Psychiatric Association |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR |url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis00amer_2 |edition=4th Edition Text Revision |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |isbn=0890420254 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8752526">{{cite journal |author=Ito N |title=[Clinical aspects of dementia] |language=Japanese |journal=Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=315–20 |year=1996 |month=Mei |pmid=8752526 }}</ref> === Vifaa vya Uchunguzi === [[Picha:InterlockingPentagons.svg|right|thumb|Uchunguzi wa vipimo wa saikolojia ya ubongo unaweza kusaidia katika uchunguzi wa Alzeima. Katika uchunguzi huo wagonjwa wanapaswa kunakili michoro sawa na ile inayoonyeshwa katika picha, kumbuka maneno, kusoma, na kuondoa nambari katika mfululizo.]] Uchunguzi wa kinyrosaikolojia kama vile uchunguzi wa kiasi wa hali ya akili(MMSE), hutumika sana kutathmini upungufu wa utambuzi unaohitajika kwa uchunguzi. Uchunguzi pana zaidi unahitajika kwa matokeo ya kuaminika zaidi, hasa katika hatua za mwanzo za ugonjwa huo.<ref name="pmid1512391">{{cite journal |author=Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ |title=The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=922–35 |year=1992 |month=Septemba |pmid=1512391 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9987708">{{cite journal |author=Pasquier F |title=Early diagnosis of dementia: neuropsychology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neurology_1999-01_246_1/page/n7 |journal=J. Neurol. |volume=246 |issue=1 |pages=6–15 |year=1999 |month=Januari |pmid=9987708 |doi=10.1007/s004150050299 }}</ref> Uchunguzi wa neva mwanzoni mwa Alzeima hutoa matokeo ya kawaida, ila kwa uharibifu dhahiri katika utambuzi, ambayo inaweza kosa kuwa tofauti na ile itokanayo na michakato mingine ya magonjwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na sababu nyingine ya shida ya akili. Uchunguzi zaidi kinyurojia ni muhimu katika kutofautisha utambuzi wa Alzeima na magonjwa mengine.<ref name="pmid17222085"/> Mahojiano na jamaa wa familia pia hutumika katika tathmini ya ugonjwa huo. Walezi wanaweza kusambaza taarifa muhimu kuhusu uwezo wa kuishi wa kila siku, na pia juu ya kupungua, baada ya muda, uwezo wa akili ya mtu kufanya kazi.<ref name="pmid16327345">{{cite journal |author=Harvey PD, Moriarty PJ, Kleinman L, ''et al.'' |title=The validation of a caregiver assessment of dementia: the Dementia Severity Scale |journal=Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=186–94 |year=2005 |pmid=16327345 |doi=10.1097/01.wad.0000189034.43203.60 }}</ref> Mtizamo wa mlezi ni muhimu sana, kwani mtu aliye na Alzeima ni kawaida hajui upungufu wake mwenyewe.<ref name="pmid15738860">{{cite journal |author=Antoine C, Antoine P, Guermonprez P, Frigard B |title=[Awareness of deficits and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease.] |language=French |journal=Encephale |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=570–7 |year=2004 |pmid=15738860 |doi=10.1016/S0013-7006(04)95472-3 }}</ref> Mara nyingi, pia familia huwa na shida ya kutambua dalili za awali za dementia na wanaweza kukosa kutoa habari sahihi kwa daktari.<ref name="pmid16197855">{{cite journal |author=Cruz VT, Pais J, Teixeira A, Nunes B |title=[The initial symptoms of Alzheimer disease: caregiver perception] |language=Portuguese |journal=Acta Med Port |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=435–44 |year=2004 |pmid=16197855 }}</ref> Dalili nyingine nzuri katika utambuzi wa ugonjwa ni ichunguzi wa maji ya serebali ya uti wa mgongo kwa uwepo wa amiloidi beta au protini ya tau,<ref name="pmid17612711">{{cite journal |author=Marksteiner J, Hinterhuber H, Humpel C |title=Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: beta-amyloid(1-42), tau, phospho-tau-181 and total protein |journal=Drugs Today |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=423–31 |year=2007 |month=Juni |pmid=17612711 |doi=10.1358/dot.2007.43.6.1067341 }}</ref>yaani protini ya tau na protini ya tau iliyo na fosforasi _181P.<ref name="demeyer"/> Kutafuta protini hizo kwa kufyonza uti wa mgongo unaweza kutabiri kuanza kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima na usahihi kwa kati ya 94% na 100%.<ref name="demeyer"/> Inapotumika na mbinu zilizopo za upigaji picha za ubongo, madaktari wanaweza kutambua wagonjwa wa kupoteza kumbukumbu ambao tayari wameanza kuugua ugonjwa huu.<ref name="demeyer">{{cite journal |author=De Meyer G, Shapiro F, Vanderstichele H, Vanmechelen E, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Coart E, Hansson O, Minthon L, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Shaw L, Trojanowski JQ |title=Diagnosis-Independent Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Signature in Cognitively Normal Elderly People |journal=Arch Neurol. |volume=67 |issue=8 |pages=949–56 |year=2010 |month=Agosti |pmid=20697045 |doi=10.1001/archneurol.2010.179 }}</ref> Uchunguzi wa maji ya uti wa mgongo unapatikana kwa kulipia, tofauti na teknolojia ya kisasa ya kupiga picha za akili.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kolata G |title=Spinal-Fluid Test Is Found to Predict Alzheimer's |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/10/health/research/10spinal.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 Agosti 2010 |accessdate=10 Agosti 2010 }}</ref> Ugonjwa wa Alzeima ulitambuliwa katika kila mmoja ya watu watatu ambao hawakuwa na dalili yoyote katika utafiti wa 2010, ina maana kuwa ugonjwa huanza kuota kabla ya dalili kutokea.<ref>{{cite news |author=Roan S |title=Tapping into an accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease |url=http://www.latimes.com/health/boostershots/aging/la-heb-alzheimers-20100809,0,5683387.story |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=9 Agosti 2010 |accessdate=10 Agosti 2010 }}</ref> Uchunguzi wa zaidi hutoa habari ya ziada juu ya sifa za ugonjwa au hutumika kuondhosha utambuzi wa ugonjwa mwingine. Kupima damu kunaweza kubaini sababu nyingine za shida ya akili mbali na Alzeima<ref name="pmid17222085"/> -sababu ambazo, katika kesi nadra, zinaweza kupinduliwa.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Clarfield AM |title=The decreasing prevalence of reversible dementias: an updated meta-analysis |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=163 |issue=18 |pages=2219–29 |year=2003 |month=Oktoba |pmid=14557220 |doi=10.1001/archinte.163.18.2219 }}</ref> Ni kawaida kufanya vipimo vya utendakazi wa kikoromeo, kutathmini B12, kuondosha kaswende, na matatizo ya metaboli (ikiwa ni pamoja na vipimo utendakazi wa figo, viwango vya elektrolaiti na ugonjwa wa kisukari), tathmini viwango vya metali nzito (mfano risasi, zebaki) na upungufu wa damu. (Angalia njia tofauti za utambuzi wa shida za akili). (Pia ni muhimu kwa kuondosha uwezekano wa mapayo). Vipimo vya kisaikolojia kwa unyogovu hutumiwa, kwani unyogovu unaweza unaweza kuwa sambamba na Alzeima (tz Unyogovu wa ugonjwa wa Alzeima), ni ishara ya mapema ya kuharibika kwa utambuzi,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sun x, Steffens DC, Au R, ''et al.'' |title=Amyloid-Associated Depression: A Prodromal Depression of Alzheimer Disease? |journal=Arch Gen Psychiatry |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=542–550|year=2008 |url=http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/65/5/542 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.542 |pmid=18458206 |last1=Sun |first1=X |last2=Steffens |first2=DC |last3=Au |first3=R |last4=Folstein |first4=M |last5=Summergrad |first5=P |last6=Yee |first6=J |last7=Rosenberg |first7=I |last8=Mwamburi |first8=DM |last9=Qiu |first9=WQ}}</ref> au hata sababu.<ref name="pmid9153154">{{cite journal |author=Geldmacher DS, Whitehouse PJ |title=Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Neurology |volume=48 |issue=5 Suppl 6 |pages=S2–9 |year=1997 |month=Mei |pmid=9153154 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17495754">{{cite journal |author=Potter GG, Steffens DC |title=Contribution of depression to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults |journal=Neurologist |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=105–17 |year=2007 |month=Mei |pmid=17495754 |doi=10.1097/01.nrl.0000252947.15389.a9 }}</ref> ==== Kupiga Picha za Utambuzi ==== Wakati inapopatikana kama chombo cha utambuzi, upigaji picha wa kitomografia wa utendakazi wa mwili (SPECT) na picha ya kompyuta ya miale ya gama (PET) upigaji picha za ubongo hutumika kuthibitisha utambuzi wa Alzeima kwa ushirikiano na tathmini ya uchunguzi wa hali ya akili.<ref name="pmid16785801">{{cite journal |author=Bonte FJ, Harris TS, Hynan LS, Bigio EH, White CL |title=Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in the differential diagnosis of the dementias with histopathologic confirmation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-nuclear-medicine_2006-07_31_7/page/376 |journal=Clin Nucl Med |volume=31 |issue=7 |pages=376–8 |year=2006 |month=Julai |pmid=16785801 |doi=10.1097/01.rlu.0000222736.81365.63 }}</ref> Kwa mtu ambaye tayari ana shida ya akili, SPECT inaonekana kuwa bora katika kutofautisha ugonjwa wa Alzeima na sababu zingine, ikilinganishwa na majaribio ya kawaida yanayotumia kupima akili na uchambuzi wa historia ya matibabu.<ref name="pmid15545324">{{cite journal |author=Dougall NJ, Bruggink S, Ebmeier KP |title=Systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT in dementia |journal=Am J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=554–70 |year=2004 |pmid=15545324 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajgp.12.6.554 }}</ref> Maendeleo yamepelekea kupendekezwa kwa vigezo vipya vya utambuzi.<ref name="pmid17222085"/><ref name="pmid17616482"/> Mbinu mpya inayojulikana kama PiB PET imeundwa kwa ajili kupiga picha moja kwa moja na kwa uwazi amana za amiloidi beta katika vivo kwa kutumia kinakili ambacho kinajishikilia kwa kipendeleo kwa amana ya A-beta. <ref> PiB PET: * {{cite journal |author=Kemppainen NM, Aalto S, Karrasch M, ''et al.'' |title=Cognitive reserve hypothesis: Pittsburgh Compound B and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in relation to education in mild Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-neurology_2008-01_63_1/page/112 |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=112–8 |year=2008 |month=Januari |pmid=18023012 |doi=10.1002/ana.21212 }} * {{cite journal |author=Ikonomovic MD, Klunk WE, Abrahamson EE, ''et al.'' |title=Post-mortem correlates of in vivo PiB-PET amyloid imaging in a typical case of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Brain |volume=131 |issue=Pt 6 |pages=1630–45 |year=2008 |month=Juni |pmid=18339640 |pmc=2408940 |doi=10.1093/brain/awn016 |last12=Hope |first12=CE |last13=Isanski |first13=BA |last14=Hamilton |first14=RL |last15=Dekosky |first15=ST }} * {{cite journal |author=Jack CR, Lowe VJ, Senjem ML, ''et al.'' |title=11C PiB and structural MRI provide complementary information in imaging of Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment |journal=Brain |volume=131 |issue=Pt 3 |pages=665–80 |year=2008 |month=Machi |pmid=18263627 |doi=10.1093/brain/awm336 |pmc=2730157 }} </ref> Mchanganyiko wa PiB-PET unatumia uchunguzi wa PET kaboni-11. Utafiti wa karibuni unaonyesha kwamba PiB-PET ni sahihi 86% katika utabiri wa watu watakaoshikwa na ugonjwa wa Alzeima kati ya wale walio na viwango vya chini vya kupoteza uwezo wa utambuzi ndani ya miaka miwili, na usahihi wa 92% katika kuondoa uwezekano wa kushikwa na Alzeima. Mchanganyiko sawa wa uchunguzi wa PET wa uchunguzi wa dawa kwa miale ya redio uitwao(E) -4 - (2 - (6 - (2 - (2 - (2 - ^([18 F]-fluoroethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) pyridin-3-yl) vinyl)-N -methyl benzenamine, au ¹⁸ F AV-45, au florbetapir-florini-18, au tu florbetapir, ina radionuclide florini-18 ya kudumu, viliundwa hivi karibuni, na kufanyiwa majaribio kama chombo kinachoweza kutumika katika uchunguzi wa wagonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging |date=2009 Aug |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=387–93 |title=The use of the exploratory IND in the evaluation and development of ¹⁸F-PET radiopharmaceuticals for amyloid imaging in the brain: a review of one company's experience |author=Carpenter AP Jr, Pontecorvo MJ, Hefti FF, Skovronsky DM |pmid=19834448 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Leung K |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=micad&part=AV-45-18F |title=(E)-4-(2-(6-(2-(2-(2-(¹⁸F-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)pyridin-3-yl)vinyl)-N-methyl benzenamine <nowiki>[[</nowiki>¹⁸F<nowiki>]AV-45]</nowiki> |work=Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database |date=8 Aprili 2010 |accessdate=2010-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=[[Gina Kolata|Kolata G]] |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/24/health/research/24scans.html |title=Promise Seen for Detection of Alzheimer's |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 Juni 2010 |accessdate=23 Juni 2010 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20501908">{{cite journal |doi=10.2967/jnumed.109.069088 |journal=J Nucl Med |date=2010 Jun |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=913–20 |title=In vivo imaging of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease using the radioligand 18F-AV-45 (flobetapir F 18) |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-nuclear-medicine_2010-06_51_6/page/913 |author=Wong DF, Rosenberg PB, Zhou Y, Kumar A, Raymont V, Ravert HT, Dannals RF, Nandi A, Brasić JR, Ye W, Hilton J, Lyketsos C, Kung HF, Joshi AD, Skovronsky DM, Pontecorvo MJ |pmid=20501908 |laysummary=http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/news/display/article/113619/1598949 }}</ref> Florbetapir, kama PiB, hufungamana na amiloidi-beta, lakini kutokana na matumizi yake ya florini-18 ina maisha nusu ya dakika 110, kwa kulinganisha na maisha nusu ya kinyuklia ya PiB ya dakika 20. ''Et al Wong'' aligundua kwamba maisha marefu ya kinakili yalikiruhusu kujilimbikiza zaidi katika bongo za wagonjwa wa Alzeima, hasa katika sehemu zinazohusishwa na amana za amiloidi beta.<ref name="pmid20501908"/> Uchambuzi mmoja ulitabiri kwamba kuna uwezekano wa kutumika kwa kushirikiana na dalili nyengine badala ya kuwa mbadala.<ref name="pmid19847050">{{cite journal |author=Rabinovici GD, Jagust WJ |journal=Behav Neurol |year=2009 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=117–28 |title=Amyloid imaging in aging and dementia: testing the amyloid hypothesis in vivo |pmid=19847050 |pmc=2804478 |doi=10.3233/BEN-2009-0232 |doi_brokendate=2010-08-25 }}</ref> Kupima ukubwa waMRI unaweza kuchunguza mabadiliko katika ukubwa wa sehemu za ubongo. Upimaji wa maeneo hayo ambayo hudhoofika wakati wa ueneaji wa ugonjwa wa Alzeima inaonyesha ahadi nzuri kama kama kiashiria ya diagnostiksamarbetet. Inaweza kuja kuwa njia isiyo ghali ikilinganishwa na njia nyingine zinazofanyiwa uchunguzi kwa sasa.<ref name="pmid18445747">{{cite journal |author=O'Brien JT |title=Role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of dementia |journal=Br J Radiol |date=2007 Dec |volume=80 |issue=Spec No 2 |pages=S71–7 |pmid=18445747 |doi=10.1259/bjr/33117326 }}</ref> Utafiti wa karibuni unaonyesha kwamba ngazi za metaboli za ubongo zinaweza kutumika kama viashiria vya baolojia vya ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid 19501936">{{cite journal |author=Rupsingh R, Borrie M, Smith M, Wells JL, Bartha R |title=Reduced hippocampal glutamate in Alzheimer disease |journal=[[Neurobiol Aging]] |year=2009 |month=Juni |pmid=19501936 |doi=10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.002 }}</ref> == Kuzuia == [[Picha:Honoré Daumier 032.jpg|right|thumb|Shughuli za kitaaluma kama vile kucheza chesi au kushirikiana kijamii kumehusishwa na upungufu wa hatari ya Alzeima katika utafiti wa kiepidemolojia, ingawa hakuna sababu shirikishi iliyopatikana.]] Kwa sasa, hakuna ushahidi dhabiti kuonyesha kuwa kuna njia yoyote yenye ufanisi katika kuzuia Alzeima. <ref>Mapendekezo ya Kuzuia hayajaungwa mkono: * {{cite journal |author=Kawas CH |title=Medications and diet: protective factors for AD? |journal=Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord |volume=20 |issue=3 Suppl 2 |pages=S89–96 |year=2006 |pmid=16917203|doi=}} * {{cite journal |author=Luchsinger JA, Mayeux R |title=Dietary factors and Alzheimer's disease |journal=Lancet Neurol |volume=3 |issue=10 |pages=579–87 |year=2004 |pmid=15380154 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00878-6}} * {{cite journal |author=Luchsinger JA, Noble JM, Scarmeas N |title=Diet and Alzheimer's disease |journal=Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=366–72 |year=2007 |pmid=17764625 |doi=10.1007/s11910-007-0057-8}} * {{cite press release |url=http://www.nih.gov/news/health/apr2010/od-28.htm |title=Independent Panel Finds Insufficient Evidence to Support Preventive Measures for Alzheimer's Disease |date=28 Aprili 2010 |publisher=[[National Institutes of Health]] |access-date=2010-10-18 |archivedate=2010-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502034409/http://www.nih.gov/news/health/apr2010/od-28.htm }} * {{cite web |url=http://consensus.nih.gov/2010/alzstatement.htm |title=NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Preventing Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline |date=26 Aprili–28, 2010 |author=Daviglus ML ''et al.'' |accessdate=2010-10-18 |archivedate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503054126/http://consensus.nih.gov/2010/alzstatement.htm }}</ref> Uchunguzi wa ulimwengu wa kuzuia au kuchelewesha kuanza kwa Alzeima mara nyingi umetoa matokeo yasiyowiana. Hata hivyo, tafiti za epidemiolojia na mapendekezo katika uhusiano kati ya mambo fulani yanayoweza kubadilishwa, kama vile chakula, hatari ya moyo na mishipa, bidhaa za dawa, au shughuli za kitaaluma kati ya nyingine, na uwezekano wa wakazi wa kuugua Alzeima. Utafiti zaidi tu, ikiwa ni pamoja na majaribio ya kimatibabu, ndio utakaonyesha kama haya yanaweza kusaidia kuzuia Alzeima.<ref> {{cite journal |author=Szekely CA, Breitner JC, Zandi PP |title=Prevention of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Int Rev Psychiatry |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=693–706 |year=2007 |pmid=18092245 |doi=10.1080/09540260701797944 }}</ref> Ingawa sababu za hatari za moyo na mishipa, kama vile haipakolesterolemia , shinikizo la damu ugonjwa wa kisukari, na uvutaji sigara, zinahusishwa na hatari kubwa zaidi na mwanzo na mkondo wa Alzeima,<ref name="pmid18299540">{{cite journal |author=Patterson C, Feightner JW, Garcia A, Hsiung GY, MacKnight C, Sadovnick AD |title=Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 1. Risk assessment and primary prevention of Alzheimer disease |journal=CMAJ |volume=178 |issue=5 |pages=548–56 |year=2008 |month=Februari |pmid=18299540 |pmc=2244657 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.070796 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17483665">{{cite journal |author=Rosendorff C, Beeri MS, Silverman JM |title=Cardiovascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease |journal=Am J Geriatr Cardiol |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=143–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17483665 |doi=10.1111/j.1076-7460.2007.06696.x }}</ref>statini, ambayo ni madawa ya kupunguza kolestroli, hayajakuwa na ufanisi katika kuzuia au kuboresha mkondo wa ugonjwa huo.<ref name="pmid17927279">{{cite journal |author=Reiss AB, Wirkowski E |title=Role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in neurological disorders: progress to date |journal=Drugs |volume=67 |issue=15 |pages=2111–20 |year=2007 |pmid=17927279|doi=10.2165/00003495-200767150-00001 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17877925">{{cite journal |author=Kuller LH |title=Statins and dementia |journal=Curr Atheroscler Rep |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=154–61 |year=2007 |month=Agosti |pmid=17877925 |doi=10.1007/s11883-007-0012-9 }}</ref> Vipengele vya vyakula vya Mediterenia, ambayo ni pamoja na matunda na mboga, [[Mkate|mikate]], [[Nafaka|unga]] wa [[ngano]] na nyinginezo, mafuta, [[Samaki|samaki]], na mvinyo mwekundu, vyote kwa kibinafsi au kwa pamoja vinaweza kupunguza hatari au mkondo wa ugonjwa huo wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid18088206">{{cite journal |author=Solfrizzi V, Capurso C, D'Introno A, ''et al.'' |title=Lifestyle-related factors in predementia and dementia syndromes |journal=Expert Rev Neurother |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=133–58 |year=2008 |month=Januari |pmid=18088206 |doi=10.1586/14737175.8.1.133 |url= }}</ref> Athari yake ya manufaa kwa moyo na mishipa imependekezwa kama utaratibu wa utekelezaji.<ref name="pmid18088206"/> Kuna ushahidi mdogo kwamba kutumia pombe kwa wastani , hasa mvinyo mwekundu, kunahusiana na hatari ya chini ya Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Panza F, Capurso C, D'Introno A, Colacicco AM, Frisardi V, Lorusso M, Santamato A, Seripa D, Pilotto A, Scafato E, Vendemiale G, Capurso A, Solfrizzi V. |title=Alcohol drinking, cognitive functions in older age, predementia, and dementia syndromes |journal=J Alzheimers Dis |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=7–31 |date=Mei 2009 |pmid=19494429 |doi=10.3233/JAD-2009-1009 |last12=Capurso |first12=A |last13=Solfrizzi |first13=V |doi_brokendate=2010-08-25 }}</ref> Uchambuzi juu ya matumizi ya vitamini haujapata ushahidi wa kutosha wa umuhimu kupendekeza vitamini C,<ref name="pmid16227450">{{cite journal |author=Boothby LA, Doering PL |title=Vitamin C and vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=39 |issue=12 |pages=2073–80 |year=2005 |month=Desemba |pmid=16227450 |doi=10.1345/aph.1E495 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-pharmacotherapy_2005-12_39_12/page/2073 }}</ref> E,<ref name="pmid16227450"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Isaac MG, Quinn R, Tabet N |title=Vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=3 |pages=CD002854 |year=2008 |pmid=18646084 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002854.pub2 |url= }}</ref> au asidi ya foliki na au bila vitamini B _12,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Malouf R, Grimley Evans J |title=Folic acid with or without vitamin B₁₂ for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=4 |pages=CD004514 |year=2008 |pmid=18843658 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2 |url= }}</ref> kama kinga au tiba ya mawakala katika Alzeima. Kuzidisha vitamini E inahusishwa na hatari muhimu za kiafya.<ref name="pmid16227450"/> Majaribio ya kuchunguza asidi ya foliki B9 () na vitamini nyingine za B zilishindwa kuonyesha uhusiano wowote muhimu kwa kupungua kwa utambuzi.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Effect of folic acid, with or without other B vitamins, on cognitive decline: meta-analysis of randomized trials |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-medicine_2010-06_123_6/page/522 |author=Wald DS, Kasturiratne A, Simmonds M |journal=[[The American Journal of Medicine]] |date=Juni 2010 |volume=123 |issue=6 |pages=522-527.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.01.017 |pii=S0002-9343(10)00131-2 }}</ref> Matumizi ya muda mrefu yamadawa yasiyo steroidi zenye mshawasho (NSAIDs) yamehusishwa na kupunguza uwezekano wa kuugua Alzeima.<ref name="pmid17612054">{{cite journal |author=Szekely CA, Town T, Zandi PP |title=NSAIDs for the chemoprevention of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Subcell Biochem |volume=42 |issue= |pages=229–48 |year=2007 |month= |pmid=17612054 |doi=10.1007/1-4020-5688-5_11 }}</ref> Masomo ya uchunguzi wa miili ya binadamu, katika mifano ya wanyama , au katika uchunguzi wa vitro pia uanongeza nguvu kwa dhana kwamba NSAID huweza kupunguza uvimbe kuhusiana na utando wa amiloidi.<ref name="pmid17612054"/> Hata hivyo uchunguzi wa majaribio ya matumizi yao kama matibabu ya kupunguza yameshindwa kuonyesha matokeo mazuri wakati hakuna majaribio ya kuzuia ambayo yamekamilika.<ref name="pmid17612054"/> Sakamini kutoka bizari manjano imeonyesha ufanisi kiasi katika kuzuia uharibifu wa ubongo kwa mifano ya panya kutokana na uwezo wake wa kuzuia uvimbe.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ringman JM, Frautschy SA, Cole GM, Masterman DL, Cummings JL |title=A potential role of the curry spice curcumin in Alzheimer's disease |journal=Curr Alzheimer Res |issn=1567-2050 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=131–6 |year=2005 |month=Aprili |pmid=15974909 |pmc=1702408 |doi=10.2174/1567205053585882 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Aggarwal BB, Harikumar KB |title=Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin, the anti-inflammatory agent, against neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases |journal=Int J Biochem Cell Biol |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=40–59 |year=2009 |month=Januari |pmid=18662800 |doi=10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.010 |pmc=2637808 }}</ref> Tiba ya kubadilisha homoni, ingawa ilitumika awali, haidhaniwi tena kuzuia shida ya ubongo na kwa wakati mwingine inadhaniwa kuhusishwa nayo.<ref name="pmid19370593">{{cite journal |author=Farquhar C, Marjoribanks J, Lethaby A, Suckling JA, Lamberts Q |title=Long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=2 |pages=CD004143 |date=15 Aprili 2009 |pmid=19370593 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004143.pub3 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19401958">{{cite journal |author=Barrett-Connor E, Laughlin GA |title=Endogenous and exogenous estrogen, cognitive function, and dementia in postmenopausal women: evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials |journal=Semin Reprod Med |volume=27 |issue=3 |date=Mei 2009 |pages=275–82 |pmc=2701737 |doi=10.1055/s-0029-1216280 |pmid=19401958 |last1=Barrett-Connor |first1=E |last2=Laughlin |first2=GA }}</ref> Kuna ushahidi pinzani usioshawishi kwamba "ginkgo" ina athari yoyote chanya juu ya kuharibika kwa utambuzi na shida ya akili na utafiti wa hivi karibuni unaonyesha kwamba haina athari katika kupunguza kasi ya matukio ya Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |author=DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL ''et al.'' |title=Ginkgo biloba for Prevention of Dementia |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |year=2008 |volume=300 |issue=19 |pages=2253–2262 |pmid=19017911 |doi=10.1001/jama.2008.683 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/300/19/2253 |accessdate=2008-11-18 |last12=Robbins |first12=JA |last13=Tracy |first13=RP |last14=Woolard |first14=NF |last15=Dunn |first15=L |last16=Snitz |first16=BE |last17=Nahin |first17=RL |last18=Furberg |first18=CD |last19=Ginkgo Evaluation Of Memory (Gem) Study |first19=Investigators |pmc=2823569 }}</ref> Utafiti wa miaka 21 uligundua kwamba wanywa kahawa vikombe 3-5 kwa siku katika makamo walikuwa na upungufu wa 65% katika hatari ya shida ya akili katika maisha ya uzeeni.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Eskelinen MH, Ngandu T, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Kivipelto M |title=Midlife coffee and tea drinking and the risk of late-life dementia: a population-based CAIDE study |journal=J Alzheimers Dis |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=85–91 |year=2009 |month=Januari |pmid=19158424 |doi=10.3233/JAD-2009-0920 |doi_brokendate=2010-08-25 }}</ref> Watu wanaoshiriki katika shughuli za kitaaluma kama vile kusoma, kucheza michezo ya bodi, kukamilisha jedwali za maneno /, kucheza muziki wa ala, au kuhusiana mara kwa mara kijamii huonyesha kupungua kwa hatari ya ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid16917199">{{cite pmid|16917199}}</ref> Hii inawiana na nadharia ya hifadhi ya utambuzi, ambayo inasema kwamba baadhi ya uzoefu wa maisha huleta ufanisi wa neva kufanya kazi zaidi kwa kumpa mtu hifadhi ya utambuzi na kuchelewesha kuanza kwa shida ya akili.<ref name="pmid16917199"/> Elimu huchelewesha mwanzo wa dalili za Alzeima, lakini haina uhusiano na kifo cha mapema baada ya utambuzi wa ugonjwa.<ref name="pmid19026089">{{cite journal |author=Paradise M, Cooper C, Livingston G |title=Systematic review of the effect of education on survival in Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/international-psychogeriatrics_2009-02_21_1/page/25 |journal=Int Psychogeriatr |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=25–32 |year=2009 |month=Februari |pmid=19026089 |doi=10.1017/S1041610208008053 }}</ref> Mazoezi pia uhusishwa na kupunguza hatari ya Alzeima.<ref name="pmid19026089"/> Baadhi ya tafiti zimeonyesha ongezeko la hatari ya kupatwa na Alzeima kwa sababu ya mazingira hasa matumizi ya [[Metali|madini]], hasa[[Alumini|alumini]],<ref name="pmid17522444">{{cite journal |author=Shcherbatykh I, Carpenter DO |title=The role of metals in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=J Alzheimers Dis |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=191–205 |year=2007 |month=Mei |pmid=17522444 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Rondeau V, Commenges D, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Dartigues JF |title=Relation between aluminum concentrations in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease: an 8-year follow-up study |journal=Am J Epidemiol |volume=152 |issue=1 |pages=59–66 |year=2000 |month=Julai |pmid=10901330 |pmc=2215380 |doi=10.1093/aje/152.1.59 }}</ref> au kuingiliana na viyeyuko.<ref name="pmid7771442">{{cite journal |author=Kukull WA, Larson EB, Bowen JD, ''et al.'' |title=Solvent exposure as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study |journal=Am J Epidemiol |volume=141 |issue=11 |pages=1059–71; discussion 1072–9 |year=1995 |month=Juni |pmid=7771442 }}</ref> Ubora wa baadhi ya tafiti hizi umekosolewa,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Santibáñez M, Bolumar F, García AM |title=Occupational risk factors in Alzheimer's disease: a review assessing the quality of published epidemiological studies |journal=Occupational and Environmental Medicine |volume=64 |issue=11 |pages=723–732 |year=2007 |pmid=17525096 |doi=10.1136/oem.2006.028209 }}</ref> na tafiti zingine zimekwisha pata kuwa hakuna uhusiano kati ya mazingira haya na kuugua Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Seidler A, Geller P, Nienhaus A, ''et al.'' |title=Occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and dementia: a case-control study |journal=Occup Environ Med |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=108–14 |year=2007 |month=Februari |pmid=17043077 |doi=10.1136/oem.2005.024190 |pmc=2078432 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12222737">{{cite journal |author=Rondeau V |title=A review of epidemiologic studies on aluminum and silica in relation to Alzheimer's disease and associated disorders |journal=Rev Environ Health |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=107–21 |year=2002 |pmid=12222737 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9115023">{{cite journal |author=Martyn CN, Coggon DN, Inskip H, Lacey RF, Young WF |title=Aluminum concentrations in drinking water and risk of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Epidemiology |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=281–6 |year=1997 |month=Mei |pmid=9115023 |doi=10.1097/00001648-199705000-00009 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9861186">{{cite journal |author=Graves AB, Rosner D, Echeverria D, Mortimer JA, Larson EB |title=Occupational exposures to solvents and aluminium and estimated risk of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Occup Environ Med |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=627–33 |year=1998 |month=Septemba |pmid=9861186 |pmc=1757634 |doi=10.1136/oem.55.9.627 }}</ref> Wakati baadhi ya uchunguzi unaonyesha kwamba marudio madogo sana ya maeneo ya sumakuumeme huweza kuongeza hatari ya ugonjwa wa Alzeima, wachunguzi walipata kwamba uchunguzi zaidi wa kiepidelemojia na uchunguzi wa maabara zaidi ya nadharia tete hili unahitajika.<ref>{{Cite document |title=Health Effects of Exposure to EMF |author=Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks-SCENIHR|date=Januari 2009|publisher=Directorate General for Health&Consumers; European Commission |location=Brussels |pages=4–5 |url=http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_022.pdf |accessdate=2010-04-27 |postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> Sigara ni kati ya sababu zenye hatari kubwa za Alzeima.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Cataldo JK, Prochaska JJ, Glantz SA |title=Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: an analysis controlling for tobacco industry affiliation |journal=J Alzheimers Dis |year=2010 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=465–80 |pmid= 20110594 |doi=10.3233/JAD-2010-1240 |doi_brokendate=2010-08-25 }}</ref> Utaratibu wa dalili za mifumo ya kinga ya ndani ni sababu za hatari za Alzeima inayaonza kuchelewa.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=20160456}}</ref> == Udhibiti == Hakuna tiba ya ugonjwa wa Alzeima, matibabu yanayopatikana hutoa kiasi kidogo cha faida kwa kupunguza dalili lakini kimsingi huwa ya kupunguza athari. Matibabu ya sasa yanaweza kugawanywa katika dawa, kisaikolojia-kijamii na ulezi wa wagonjwa. === Dawa === [[Picha:Donepezil 1EVE.png‎|kulia | thumb | Pande Tatu mfano wa molekuli ya donepezili, ni kizuizi cha asetilkolinesterasi kinachotumika katika kutibu dalili za Alzeima.]] [[Picha:Memantine.svg|right|thumb|upright|Muundo Masi wa memantine, dawa iliyopitishwa kwa kutibu dalili za Alzeima iliyokomaa]] Dawa nne sasa zimeidhinishwa na mashirika ya udhibiti kama vile ya Shirika la Chakula na Matumizi ya Dawa la Marekani(FDA) na Shirika la Dawa la Ulaya (EMA) kutibu dalili za kiutambuzi za Alzeima: tatu kati ya hizi ni vizuizi vya kolinesterasi na nyingine ni memantini, ambacho ni kipokezi pimgamizi cha NMDA. Hakuna dawa iliyoonyesha dalili ya kuchelewesha au kusimamisha kuendelea kwa ugonjwa huu. Kupunguza kazi kwa nyuroni za kolineji ni kipengele maalumu kinachojulikana vizuri cha ugonjwa wa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid8534419">{{cite journal |author=Geula C, Mesulam MM |title=Cholinesterases and the pathology of Alzheimer disease |journal=[[Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord]] |volume=9 Suppl 2 |pages=23–28 |year=1995 |pmid=8534419 }}</ref> Vizuizi vya Asetilkolinesterasi zinatumiwa kupunguza kasi ambayo asetikolini /1} (ACh) inavunjwa, na hivyo kuongeza kukoleza kwa ACh katika ubongo na kupambana na upotevu wa ACh ulionasababishwa na kufa kwa nyuroni za kolineji.<ref name="pmid11105732">{{cite journal |author=Stahl SM |title=The new cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease, Part 2: illustrating their mechanisms of action |journal=[[J Clin Psychiatry]] |volume=61 |issue=11 |pages=813–814 |year=2000 |pmid=11105732 }}</ref> {{as of | 2008}}Vizuizi vya kolinesterasi vilivyoidhinishwa kwa ajili ya udhibiti wa dalili za Alzeima ni [[donepesili]] (jina la kibiashara ni ''Arisepti),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697032.html |title=Donepezil |accessdate=2010-02-03 |date=2007-01-08 |publisher=[[US National Library of Medicine]] |work=[[Medline Plus]] }}</ref>galanitamini ''(Rasadine),'' <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a699058.html |title=Galantamine |accessdate=2010-02-03 |date=2007-01-08 |publisher=[[US National Library of Medicine]] |work=[[Medline Plus]] }}</ref> na [[rivasitigimini]] (huitwa ''Ekiloni'' <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a602009.html |title=Rivastigmine |accessdate=2010-02-03 |date=2007-01-08 |publisher=[[US National Library of Medicine]] |work=[[Medline Plus]] }}</ref> na ''Pachi ya Ekiloni'' <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a607078.html |title=Rivastigmine Transdermal |accessdate=2010-02-03 |date=2007-01-08 |publisher=[[US National Library of Medicine]] |work=[[Medline Plus]] }}</ref> ).'' Kuna ushahidi wa kufaa wa dawa hizi katika kutibu ugonjwa wa kadiri wa Alzeima,<ref name="pmid16437532">{{cite journal |author=Birks J |title=Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD005593 |year=2006 |pmid=16437532 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005593 |last2=Birks |first2=Jacqueline }}</ref><ref name="pmid19370562">{{cite journal |journal=[[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]] |date=2009 Apr 15 |issue=2 |at=CD001191 |title=Rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease |author=Birks J, Grimley Evans J, Iakovidou V, Tsolaki M, Holt FE |pmid=19370562 }}</ref> na baadhi ya ushahidi wa matumizi yao katika hatua zilizoendelea. Donepesili tu ndiyo iliyopitishwa kwa ajili ya kutibu Dementia Alzeima ya kiwango cha juu. <ref name="pmid16437430">{{cite journal |author=Birks J, Harvey RJ |title=Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease |journal=[[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]] |issue=1 |pages=CD001190 |date=2006 Jan 25 |pmid=16437430 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001190.pub2 }}</ref> Matumizi ya dawa hizi katika kuharibika kwa uamuzi wa mambo wa kadiri hakijaonyesha athari yoyote katika kuchelewesha kuanza kwa Alzeima.<ref name="pmid18044984">{{cite journal |author=Raschetti R, Albanese E, Vanacore N, Maggini M |title=Cholinesterase inhibitors in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of randomised trials |journal=[[PLoS Med]] |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=e338 |year=2007 |pmid=18044984 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040338 |pmc=2082649 }}</ref> Athari za kawaida sana ni kichefuchefu na [[Kutapika|kutapika]], zote ambazo zinahusishwa na koligeni ya kupindukia. Madhara haya hutokea katika takriban 10-20% ya watumiaji na ukali wake ni wa chini hadi wastani. Athari za mkondo wa pili ambazo si za kawaida ni pamoja na kukakamaa misuli, kupungua kwa kiwangocha kupiga moyo (bradikadia), kupungua kwa hamu ya chakula na uzito, na ongezeko la uzalishaji wa asidi ya tumbo. <ref>Maelezo ya kutolewa kwa vizuizi vya astelikolinesterasi: * {{cite web |url=http://www.aricept.com/images/AriceptComboFullPINovember02006.pdf |form=pdf |title=Aricept Prescribing information |accessdate=2008-08-18 |format=PDF |publisher=Eisai and [[Pfizer]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910154231/http://www.aricept.com/images/AriceptComboFullPINovember02006.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-10 }} (chanzo msingi) * {{cite web |url=http://razadyneer.com/razadyneer/pages/pdf/razadyne_er.pdf |title=Razadyne ER U.S. Full Prescribing Information |accessdate=2008-02-19 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Ortho-McNeil Neurologics]] |archivedate=2008-05-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528195504/http://razadyneer.com/razadyneer/pages/pdf/razadyne_er.pdf }} (chanzo msingi) * {{cite web |url=http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/exelonpatch.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728014715/http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/exelonpatch.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-28 |title=Exelon ER U.S. Prescribing Information |accessdate=2008-02-19 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Novartis Pharmaceuticals]] }} (chanzo msingi) * {{cite web |url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020823s016,021025s008lbl.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710074347/http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2006/020823s016,021025s008lbl.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-10 |title=Exelon U.S. Prescribing Information |date=Juni 2006 |accessdate=2009-07-30 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Novartis Pharmaceuticals]] }} ( chanzo msingi) * {{cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/EnforcementActivitiesbyFDA/WarningLettersandNoticeofViolationLetterstoPharmaceuticalCompanies/ucm054180.pdf |format=PDF |title=Exelon Warning Letter |date=Agosti 2007 |accessdate=2009-07-30 |publisher=[[US Food and Drug Administration]] }}</ref> Glutamate ni kisisimuzi muhimu cha nyurotransmita ya mfumo wa neva, ingawa kuwepo kwa kiwango kingi katika ubongo kunaweza kusababisha kifo cha [[seli]] kupitia mchakato uitwao usisimuzi ambao unahusisha kusimuliwa sana kwa vipokezi vya glutamate. Usisimuzi hutokea sio tu kwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima, lakini pia katika magonjwa mengine ya neva kama vile ugonjwa wa Parkinson na uwingi-sklerosi.<ref name="pmid16424917">{{cite journal |author=Lipton SA |title=Paradigm shift in neuroprotection by NMDA receptor blockade: memantine and beyond |journal=[[Nat Rev Drug Discov]] |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=160–170 |year=2006 |pmid=16424917 |doi=10.1038/nrd1958 }}</ref> Memanitine (jina la kibiashara ni ''Akatinoli, Axura, Ebixa'' / ''Abixa, Memox'' na ''Namenda),'' <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a604006.html |title=Memantine |accessdate=2010-02-03 |date=2004-01-04 |publisher= US National Library of Medicine (Medline) }}</ref> ni kizuizi kisicholeta ushindani cha kipokezi cha NMDA iliyoanza kutumika kama dawa ya kupigana nainfluenza. Hufanya kazi katika mfumo wa glutamaterigiki na kuzuia vipokezi vya NMDA na kuzuia kusisimuliwa zaidi kwao na glutamate.<ref name="pmid16424917"/> Memanatine imeonyeshwa kuwa kwa kiasi cha kadiri kuleta matokeo yanayokusudiwa katika matibabu ya ugonjwa wa Alzeima wa wastani hadi wa kiwango cha juu. Athari zake katika hatua za awali za Alzeima hazijulikani.<ref name="pmid15495043">{{cite journal |author=Areosa Sastre A, McShane R, Sherriff F |title=Memantine for dementia |journal=[[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]] |issue=4 |pages=CD003154 |year=2004 |pmid=15495043 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003154.pub2 }}</ref> Taarifa za matukio mabaya na memanitine si za kila mara na ni za kadiri, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuota, kuchanganyikiwa , kizunguzungu, kuumwa na kichwa na uchovu.<ref>[384] ^ {{cite web |url=http://www.frx.com/pi/namenda_pi.pdf |title=Namenda Prescribing Information |accessdate=2008-02-19 |format=PDF |publisher=[[Forest Pharmaceuticals]] }} (Asili ya msingi)</ref> Mchanganyiko wa memantine na donepesili imeonekana kuwa "yenye umuhimu kitwakimu lakini ufanisi mdogo wa kimatibabu".<ref name="pmid18316756">{{cite journal |author=Raina P, Santaguida P, Ismaila A, ''et al.'' |title=Effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for treating dementia: evidence review for a clinical practice guideline |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_2008-03-04_148_5/page/n80 |journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]] |volume=148 |issue=5 |pages=379–397 |year=2008 |pmid=18316756 }}</ref> Dawa za kuzuia kichaa ni muhimu katika kupunguza kwa kadiri kwa uchokozi na kichaa katika ya wagonjwa wa Alzeima na matatizo ya kitabia, lakini zinahusishwa na athari mbaya sana, kama vile matukio ya damubongo, matatizo ya kutembea au kupungua kwa uamuzi wa mambo, ambazo haziruhusu matumizi yake ya kawaida. <ref> Matumizi ya dawa za kuzuia kichaa: * {{cite journal |author=Ballard C, Waite J |title=The effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of aggression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease |journal=[[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]] |issue=1 |pages=CD003476 |year=2006 |pmid=16437455 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003476.pub2}} * {{cite journal |author=Ballard C, Lana MM, Theodoulou M, ''et al.'' |title=A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled trial in dementia patients continuing or stopping neuroleptics (The DART-AD trial) |journal=[[PLoS Med]] |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=e76 |year=2008 |pmid=18384230 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050076 |pmc=2276521 }} * {{cite journal |author=Sink KM, Holden KF, Yaffe K |title=Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2005-02-02_293_5/page/596 |journal=[[J Am Med Assoc]] |volume=293 |issue=5 |pages=596–608 |year=2005 |pmid=15687315 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.5.596 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19138567"> {{cite journal |author=Ballard C, Hanney ML, Theodoulou M, Douglas S, McShane R, Kossakowski K, Gill R, Juszczak E, Yu L-M, Jacoby R |title=The dementia antipsychotic withdrawal trial (DART-AD): long-term follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial |journal=[[Lancet Neurology]] |date=9 Januari 2009 |pmid=19138567 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70295-3 |laysummary=http://www.physorg.com/news150695213.html |volume=8 |page=151 |issue=2 }}</ref>Wakati zinapotumika kwa muda mrefu, zionyeshwa kuhusishwa na kuongezeka kwa vifo.<ref name="pmid19138567"/> === Hatua za Kisaikolojia na Kijamii === [[Picha:Snoezelruimte.JPG|thumb|upright|righ|Chumba kilichooundwa haswa kwa minajili ya tiba ya kuimarisha hisia , pia hujulikana kama snoezelen; kuingilia hisia kijamii na kwa kisaikolojia ili kuwasaidia watu wenye shida ya akili]] Hatua zakisaikolojia an kijamii zinatumiwa kama nyongeza ya matibabu ya dawa na kunaweza kuorodheshwa ndani mbinu zinazoegemea tabia, hisia, utambuzi au usisimuzi. Utafiti juu ya ufanifu wake hakupatikani na nadra ule unaozingatia kwa Alzeima, badala yake hulenga dementia kwa ujumla.<ref name="pracGuideAPA">{{cite web | url=http://www.psychiatryonline.com/pracGuide/loadGuidelinePdf.aspx?file=AlzPG101007 | format=PDF | title =Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Alzheimer's disease and Other Dementias | publisher =[[American Psychiatric Association]] | month=Oktoba | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-12-28 | doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890423967.152139 }}</ref> Hatua za kitabia hujaribu kutambua na kupunguza chanzo na matokeo ya tabia zinazotatiza. Njia hii haijaonyesha mafanikio katika kuboresha utendaji kwa ujumla,<ref name="pmid16323385">{{cite journal |author=Bottino CM, Carvalho IA, Alvarez AM, ''et al.'' |title=Cognitive rehabilitation combined with drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease patients: a pilot study |journal=Clin Rehabil |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=861–869 |year=2005 |pmid=16323385 |doi=10.1191/0269215505cr911oa }}</ref> lakini inaweza kusaidia kupunguza baadhi ya matatizo ya tabia fulani, kama vile kushindwa kudhibiti mkojo.<ref name="pmid11342679">{{cite journal |author=Doody RS, Stevens JC, Beck C, ''et al.'' |title=Practice parameter: management of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_2001-05-08_56_9/page/1154 |journal=Neurology |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=1154–1166 |year=2001 |pmid=11342679 }}</ref> Kuna ukosefu wa twakimu bora kuhusu ufanisi wa mbinu hizi katika matatizo ya tabia mengine kama vile kuzurura.<ref name="pmid17253573">{{cite journal |author=Hermans DG, Htay UH, McShane R |title=Non-pharmacological interventions for wandering of people with dementia in the domestic setting |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD005994 |year=2007 |pmid=17253573 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005994.pub2 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17096455">{{cite journal |author=Robinson L, Hutchings D, Dickinson HO, ''et al.'' |title=Effectiveness and acceptability of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_2007-01_22_1/page/9 |journal=Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=9–22 |year=2007 |pmid=17096455 |doi=10.1002/gps.1643 }}</ref> Hatua zinazoegemea hisia zinahusu matibabu ya kukumbuka mambo ya zamani, matibabu ya uthibitishaji, matibabu ya kisaikolojia yanayounga mkono, kuunganishwa kwa hisi, pia hujulikana kama snoeseleni, na matibabu ya usimulizi wa sasa. Matibabu ya kisaikolojia yanyounga mkono yamepokea rasmi utafiti kidogo au usiokuwepo wa kisayansi, lakini baadhi ya madaktari huona kuwa yana manufaa katika kuwasaidia wagonjwa wenye uharibifu wa kadiri kuzoea maradhi yao.<ref name="pracGuideAPA"/> Matibabu ya kukumbuka mambo ya zamani (RT) yanahusu majadiliano ya mambo ya zamani na mtu mmoja au katika kikundi, mara nyingi kwa kutumia picha, vitu vya nyumbani, muziki na rekodi za sauti, au vitu vinavyofahamika vya zamani. Ingawa kuna uchache wa utafiti bora kuhusu ufanisi wa RT, inaweza kuwa ya manufaa kwa utambuzi wa mambo na hali ya hisia.<ref name="pmid15846613">{{cite journal |author=Woods B, Spector A, Jones C, Orrell M, Davies S |title=Reminiscence therapy for dementia |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=2 |pages=CD001120 |year=2005 |pmid=15846613 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001120.pub2 }}</ref> Matibabu ya uigaji mambo ya sasa (SPT) yana msingi wake katika nadharia za kushikamana na yanahusisha kucheza na kurekodi kwa sauti za jamaa wa karibu wa mtu huyo aliye na ugonjwa wa Alzeima. Kuna kiasi cha ushahidi unaoonyesha kwamba SPT yaweza kupunguza tabia zenye changamoto.<ref name="pmid19023729">{{cite journal |author=Zetteler J |title=Effectiveness of simulated presence therapy for individuals with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/aging-mental-health_2008-11_12_6/page/779 |journal=Aging Ment Health |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=779–85 |year=2008 |month=Novemba |pmid=19023729 |doi=10.1080/13607860802380631 }}</ref> Hatimaye, matibabu ya uthibitishi ni msingi wake katika kukubali ukweli na ukweli wa kibinafsi wa maisha binafsi, wakati kuunganishwa kwa hisia nyingi kunatokana na mazoezi yenye lengo la kuchochea hisia. Kuna kiasi cha ushahidi kinachounga mkono manufaa ya matibabu haya.<ref name="pmid12917907">{{cite journal |author=Neal M, Briggs M |title=Validation therapy for dementia |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=3 |pages=CD001394 |year=2003 |pmid=12917907 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001394 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12519587">{{cite journal |author=Chung JC, Lai CK, Chung PM, French HP |title=Snoezelen for dementia |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=4 |pages=CD003152 |year=2002 |pmid=12519587 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003152 }}</ref> Lengo la matibabu yanayoegemea utambuzi, ambayo ni pamoja na mwelekeo wa ukweli na kufunzwa tena kwa utambuzi wa mambo, ni kupunguza nakisi ya utambuzi wa mambo. Mwelekeo wa ukweli unahusisha katika uwasilishaji wa taarifa juu ya muda, mahali au mtu ili kurahisisha kuelewa kwa mtu juu ya mazingira yake na sehemu yake ndani yake. Kwa upande mwingine kufunzwa tena utambuzi wa mambo hujaribu kuboresha uwezo wa utendaji ulioharibika kwa kusisimua uwezo wa akili. Hatua zote zimeonyesha baadhi ya matokeo yaliyotarajiwa ya kuboresha uwezo wa utambuzi,<ref name="pmid17636652">{{cite journal |author=Spector A, Orrell M, Davies S, Woods B |title=Withdrawn: Reality orientation for dementia |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=3 |pages=CD001119 |year=2000 |pmid=17636652 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001119.pub2 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12948999">{{cite journal |author=Spector A, Thorgrimsen L, Woods B, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial |journal=Br J Psychiatry |volume=183 |pages=248–254 |year=2003 |pmid=12948999 |doi=10.1192/bjp.183.3.248 }}</ref>ingawa katika baadhi ya utafiti madhara haya yalikuwa ya muda mfupi na ya athari mbaya, kama vile kuudhika, pia yameripotiwa.<ref name="pracGuideAPA"/> Matibabu yanayoegemea usisimuzi ni pamoja na sanaa, muziki na matibabu ya chuki, mazoezi, na aina yoyote ya shughuli nyingine za burudani. Kusisimua kunasaidia kidogo katika kuboresha tabia, hisia, na, kwa kiasi cha chini utendakazi. Hata hivyo, muhimu kama athari hizi ni usaidizi mkuu kwa ajili ya matumizi ya matibabu ya kusisimua ni mabadiliko ya maisha ya mtu ya kawaida.<ref name="pracGuideAPA"/> === Matunzo === Kwa vile Alzeima haina tiba na hatua kwa hatua huwanya watu kutoweza kuchunga mahitaji yao wenyewe, utunzaji kimsingi ndiyo matibabu na lazima yathibitiwe kwa makini katika kipindi cha ugonjwa huu. Katika awamu za mapema na za wastani, mabadiliko ya mazingira ya kuishi na maisha yanaweza kuongeza usalama wa mgonjwa na kupunguza mzigo wa mlezi<ref name="pmid15860476">{{cite journal |author=Gitlin LN, Hauck WW, Dennis MP, Winter L |title=Maintenance of effects of the home environmental skill-building program for family caregivers and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journals-of-gerontology_2005-03_60a_3/page/368 |journal=J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=368–74 |year=2005 |month=Machi |pmid=15860476 }}</ref> Mifano wa mabadiliko haya ni kama vile kuzingatia matendo yalirahisishwa ya kila siku, na kuweka kwa wa kufuli za usalama, na kuweka alama kwa vitu vya nyumbani ili kumtambulisha mtu mwenye ugonjwa au matumizi ya vitu vilivyobadilishwa vya maisha ya kila siku.<ref name="pracGuideAPA"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alz.org/Health/Treating/agitation.asp |title=Treating behavioral and psychiatric symptoms |year=2006 |accessdate=2006-09-25 |publisher=Alzheimer's Association |archivedate=2006-09-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925112503/http://www.alz.org/Health/Treating/agitation.asp }}</ref><ref name="pmid15297089"> {{cite journal | author = Dunne TE, Neargarder SA, Cipolloni PB, Cronin-Golomb A | title = Visual contrast enhances food and liquid intake in advanced Alzheimer's disease | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-nutrition_2004-08_23_4/page/533 | journal = Clinical Nutrition | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 533–538 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15297089 | doi = 10.1016/j.clnu.2003.09.015 }}</ref> Mgonjwa anaweza pia kutoweza kujilisha mwenyewe, hivyo huhitaji chakula kikiwa katika vipande vidogo au kilichosagwa.<ref>{{cite book |author=Dudek, Susan G. |title=Nutrition essentials for nursing practice |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, Maryland |year=2007 |page=360 |isbn=0-7817-6651-6 |oclc= |doi= |url= http://books.google.com/?id=01zo6yf0IUEC&pg=PA360&dq=alzheimer%27s+chew |accessdate=2008-08-19 }}</ref> Wakati wa kumeza matatizo hutokea, na matumizi ya neli za kulisha zinaweza kuhutajika. Katika hali kama hizo, na ufanifu wa matibabu na maadili ya kuendelea kulisha ni muhimu kuzingatiwa na watunzaji na familia.<ref name="pmid16415742">{{cite journal |author=Dennehy C |title=Analysis of patients' rights: dementia and PEG insertion |journal=Br J Nurs |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=18–20 |year=2006 |pmid=16415742 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16556924">{{cite journal |author=Chernoff R |title=Tube feeding patients with dementia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nutrition-in-clinical-practice_2006-04_21_2/page/142 |journal=Nutr Clin Pract |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=142–6 |year=2006 |month=Aprili |pmid=16556924 |doi=10.1177/0115426506021002142 }}</ref> Matumizi ya vifaa vya kumfunga mgonjwa nadra huhitajika katika hatua yoyote ya ugonjwa huu, ingawa kuna wakati ambapo huwa muhimu ili kuzuia madhara kwa wagonjwa wa Alzeima au watunzaji wao.<ref name="pracGuideAPA"/> Ugonjwa unavyoendelea, masuala mbalimbali ya matibabu yanaweza kuonekana, kama vile maradhi ya mdomo na meno, vidonda vya mbano, utapiamlo, matatizo ya usafi, au matatizo ya upumuaji, ngozi, au [[Jicho|macho]]. Usimamizi wa makini unaweza kuzuia haya yote, na matibabu maalum yanahitajika wakati yanapotokea.<ref name="pmid10369823">{{cite journal |author=Gambassi G, Landi F, Lapane KL, Sgadari A, Mor V, Bernabei R |title=Predictors of mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease living in nursing homes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-neurology-neurosurgery-and-psychiatry_1999-07_67_1/page/59 |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=59–65 |year=1999 |month=Julai |pmid=10369823 |pmc=1736445 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.67.1.59 }}</ref><ref> Masuala ya Matibabu: * {{cite journal |author=Head B |title=Palliative care for persons with dementia |journal=Home Healthc Nurse |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=53–60; quiz 61 |year=2003 |month=Januari |pmid=12544465 |doi=10.1097/00004045-200301000-00012 }} * {{cite journal |author=Friedlander AH, Norman DC, Mahler ME, Norman KM, Yagiela JA |title=Alzheimer's disease: psychopathology, medical management and dental implications |journal=J Am Dent Assoc |volume=137 |issue=9 |pages=1240–51 |year=2006 |month=Septemba |pmid=16946428 }} * {{cite journal |author=Belmin J |title=Practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of weight loss in Alzheimer's disease: a consensus from appropriateness ratings of a large expert panel |journal=J Nutr Health Aging |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=33–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17315078 |author2=Expert Panel and Organisation Committee }} * {{cite journal |author=McCurry SM, Gibbons LE, Logsdon RG, Vitiello M, Teri L |title=Training caregivers to change the sleep hygiene practices of patients with dementia: the NITE-AD project |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-geriatrics-society_2003-10_51_10/page/1455 |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=1455–60 |year=2003 |month=Oktoba |pmid=14511168 |doi=10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51466.x }} * {{cite journal |author=Perls TT, Herget M |title=Higher respiratory infection rates on an Alzheimer's special care unit and successful intervention |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-geriatrics-society_1995-12_43_12/page/1341 |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=43 |issue=12 |pages=1341–4 |year=1995 |month=Desemba |pmid=7490383 }}</ref> Katika hatua ya mwisho ya ugonjwa huu, matibabu uhusisha kupunguza usumbufu hadi kifo.<ref name="pmid12854952">{{cite journal |author=Shega JW, Levin A, Hougham GW, ''et al.'' |title=Palliative Excellence in Alzheimer Care Efforts (PEACE): a program description |journal=J Palliat Med |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=315–20 |year=2003 |month=Aprili |pmid=12854952 |doi=10.1089/109662103764978641 }}</ref> Utafiti mdogo wa hivi karibuni huko Marekani ulihitimisha kuwa wagonjwa ambao watunzaji wao walikuwa na uelewa mzuri wa matatizo na shida za kimatibabu za hatua ya mwisho ya dementia walikuwa na uwezekano wa chini wa kupata matibabu ya kutumia nguvu karibu na mwisho wa maisha. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK, ''et al.'' |title=The clinical course of advanced dementia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2009-10-15_361_16/page/1528 |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=361 |issue=16 |pages=1529–38 |year=2009 |month=Oct |pmid=19828530 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0902234 |pmc=2778850}}</ref> == Kutabiri Maendeleo yake == [[Picha:Alzheimer and other dementias world map - DALY - WHO2004.svg|thumb|Maisha yaliobadilishwa na Ulemavu-mwaka kwa Alzeima na shida ya akili nyingine kwa wakazi 100,000 katika 2004.[446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453][454][455][456][ 457][458]]] Hatua za kwanza za ugonjwa wa Alzeima ni ngumu kuzitambua. Utambuzi wa hakika huweza kufanyika mara tu uharibifu wa utambuzi huanza kuathiri shughuli za kila siku, ingawa mtu anaweza kuwa bado anaishi kivyake. Dalili huongezeka kutokana na shida ndogo ndogo za utambuzi, kuzidi kupoteza kumbukumbu katika hatua za kuzidi kuharibika kwa uwezo wa utambuzi, kuondoa uwezekano wowote wa kuishi ukiwa huru.<ref name="pmid10653284"/> Muda wa kuishi wa walio na ugonjwa huo hupungua.<ref name="pmid3776457"/><ref name="pmid8757016">{{cite journal |author=Bowen JD, Malter AD, Sheppard L, ''et al.'' |title=Predictors of mortality in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_1996-08_47_2/page/433 |journal=Neurology |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=433–9 |year=1996 |month=Agosti |pmid=8757016 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12580712">{{cite journal |author=Dodge HH, Shen C, Pandav R, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M |title=Functional transitions and active life expectancy associated with Alzheimer disease |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=253–9 |year=2003 |month=Februari |pmid=12580712 |doi=10.1001/archneur.60.2.253 }}</ref> Kadiri ya muda wa kuishi baada ya kugunduliwa kwa ugonjwa ni takriban miaka saba.<ref name="pmid3776457"/> Chini ya 3% ya wagonjwa huishi zaidi ya miaka kumi na minne.<ref name="pmid7793228"/> Sifa za ugonjwa huu zinazohusishwa sana na kupunguka kwa maisha ni kuzidi kwa upungufu wa utambuzi, kupungua kwa kiwango cha utendaji kazi, historia ya kuanguka, na usumbufu katika uchunguzi wa kinyurolojia. Magonjwa mengine ya kisadfa kama vile matatizo ya moyo, [[Kisukari|ugonjwa wa kisukari]] au historia ya [[Utumiaji mbaya wa Pombe|ulevi]] pia uhusishwa na kupungua kwa maisha.<ref name="pmid8757016"/><ref name="pmid15068977">{{cite journal |author=Larson EB, Shadlen MF, Wang L, ''et al.'' |title=Survival after initial diagnosis of Alzheimer disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-internal-medicine_2004-04-06_140_7/page/n52 |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=140 |issue=7 |pages=501–9 |year=2004 |month=Aprili |pmid=15068977 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7792352">{{cite journal |author=Jagger C, Clarke M, Stone A |title=Predictors of survival with Alzheimer's disease: a community-based study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-medicine_1995-01_25_1/page/171 |journal=Psychol Med |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=171–7 |year=1995 |month=Januari |pmid=7792352 |doi=10.1017/S0033291700028191 }}</ref> Iwapo ugonjwa utaanza mapema basi maisha huwa marefu zaidi, matarajio ya maisha ya walio wadogo kiumri hupungua sana hasa ikilinganishwa na jamii kwa jumla.<ref name="pmid12580712"/> Wagonjwa wanaume wana matarajio madogo zaidi ya kuishi ikilinganishwa na wanawake.<ref name="pmid7793228"/><ref name="pmid15883266">{{cite journal |author=Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Shen C, Pandav RS, DeKosky ST |title=Alzheimer disease and mortality: a 15-year epidemiological study |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=62 |issue=5 |pages=779–84 |year=2005 |month=Mei |pmid=15883266 |doi=10.1001/archneur.62.5.779 }}</ref> Ugonjwa ni [[Mauti|sababu]] ya kimsingi [[Mauti|ya kifo]] katika 70% ya kesi zote.<ref name="pmid3776457"/> Nimonia na kuishiwa na maji mwilini ni sababu kuu za vifo vya haraka, wakati saratani ni sababu ndogo ya kifo ikilinganishwa na jamii kwa jumla.<ref name="pmid3776457"/><ref name="pmid15883266"/> == Epidemiolojia == Hatua mbili kuu hutumiwa katika masomo ya epidemolojia: matukio na maenezi. Matukio ni idadi ya kesi mpya kwa idadi ya watu -na wakati kuna hatari ya kuambukiza (kwa kawaida idadi ya kesi mpya kwa watu na miaka elfu moja) matukio ya mwezi kwa kila wa elfu-); ilhali maenezi ni jumla ya idadi ya matukio ya ugonjwa kati ya watu wote katika wakati fulani. Kuhusu matukio, masomo ya kilongitudo {{/0} (masomo ambapo kundi la watu wasio na ugonjwa hufuatwa kwa muda) hutoa viwango kati ya miaka 10 na 15 kwa kila watu elfu 5-8 kwa Alzeima,<ref name="pmid17727890">{{cite journal |author=Bermejo-Pareja F, Benito-León J, Vega S, Medrano MJ, Román GC |title=Incidence and subtypes of dementia in three elderly populations of central Spain |journal=J. Neurol. Sci. |volume=264 |issue=1–2 |pages=63–72 |year=2008 |month=Januari |pmid=17727890 |doi=10.1016/j.jns.2007.07.021 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12028245">{{cite journal |author=Di Carlo A, Baldereschi M, Amaducci L, ''et al.'' |title=Incidence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia in Italy. The ILSA Study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-geriatrics-society_2002-01_50_1/page/41 |journal=J Am Geriatr Soc |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=41–8 |year=2002 |month=Januari |pmid=12028245 |doi=10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50006.x |last12=Ilsa Working |first12=Group }}</ref> ambayo ina maana kwamba nusu ya kesi za shida ya akili kila mwaka ni za Alzeima. Kuongezeka kwa umri ni sababu ya kimsingi ya kuongezeka kwa hatari ya ugonjwa, na viwango vya matukio si sawa kwa rika zote: kila baada ya miaka mitano baada ya umri wa miaka 65, hatari ya kupata ugonjwa huongezeka takriban maradufu, kuongezeka kutoka 3 hadi 69 kwa kila miaka elfu ya mtu.<ref name="pmid17727890"/><ref name="pmid12028245"/> Pia kuna tofauti za kijinsia katika viwango vya matukio, wanawake huwa na hatari kubwa ya kuugua Alzeima hasa katika idadi ya watu wenye umri zaidi ya 85.<ref name="pmid12028245"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Andersen K, Launer LJ, Dewey ME, ''et al.'' |title=Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia: The EURODEM Studies. EURODEM Incidence Research Group |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurology_1999-12-10_53_9/page/1992 |journal=Neurology |volume=53 |issue=9 |pages=1992–7 |year=1999 |month=Desemba |pmid=10599770 |last12=Martinez-Lage |first12=JM |last13=Stijnen |first13=T |last14=Hofman |first14=A }}</ref> Maenezi ya Alzeima katika watu hutegemea mambo mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na matukio na kuendelea kuishi. Kwa kuwa matukio ya Alzeima yanaongezeka na umri, ni muhimu kujumuisha umri wa watu walio na mvuto. Nchini Marekani, maambukizi ya Alzeima yalikadiriwa kuwa 1.6% mwaka 2000 kwa ujumla na katika umri 65-74, na kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha 19% katika kundi 75-84 na 42% katika kundi waliozidi miaka 84. <ref> 2000 Makadirio ya Marekani: * {{cite journal |author=Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, Bennett DA, Evans DA |title=Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census |journal=Arch. Neurol. |volume=60 |issue=8 |pages=1119–22 |year=2003 |month=Agosti |pmid=12925369 |doi=10.1001/archneur.60.8.1119 }} * {{cite web |title=Profiles of general demographic characteristics, 2000 census of population and housing, United States |year=2001 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/dp1/2kh00.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-08-27 }} </ref> Uenezi katika sehemu zenye ustawi mdogo ni wa chini. [[Shirika la Afya Duniani|Shirika]] la [[Shirika la Afya Duniani|Afya Ulimwenguni]] lilikadiria kwamba mnamo mwaka 2005, 0.379% ya watu duniani kote walikuwa na shida ya akili, na kwamba kiwango cha maambukizi kitaongezeka kwa 0.441% katika 2015 na 0.556% katika 2030.<ref name="isbn9789241563369">{{cite book | last = World Health Organization | title = Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges | publisher = World Health Organization | year = 2006 | location = Switzerland | pages = 204–207 | url = http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/neurodiso/en/index.html | isbn = 978-92-4-156336-9 }}</ref> Tafiti zingine zimepata hitimisho sawa.<ref name="pmid16360788">{{cite journal |author=Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, ''et al.'' |title=Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study |journal=Lancet |volume=366 |issue=9503 |pages=2112–7 |year=2005 |month=Desemba |pmid=16360788 |pmc=2850264 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67889-0 |url=http://www.sbgg.org.br/profissional/artigos/pdf/demencia_mundo.pdf |accessdate=2008-06-25 |format=PDF |last12=Mathers |first12=C |last13=Menezes |first13=PR |last14=Rimmer |first14=E |last15=Scazufca |first15=M |last16=Alzheimer's Disease |first16=International |archive-date=2008-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625071754/http://www.sbgg.org.br/profissional/artigos/pdf/demencia_mundo.pdf |dead-url= }}</ref> Utafiti mwingine ulikadiria kwamba mwaka 2006, 0.40% ya idadi ya watu duniani (kati ya % 0.17-0.89; idadi kamili {{Nowrap|26.6 million}}, kati ya {{Nowrap|11.4–59.4 million}} ) walikuwa wameathirika na Alzeima, na kwamba maenezi ya maambukizi yameongezeka mara tatu na idadi kamili ingekuwa mara nne kwa 2050. <ref name="Brookmeyer2007">2006 maambukizi ya makisio: * {{cite journal |author=Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, Ziegler-Graham K, MH Arrighi |title=Forecasting the global burden of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Alzheimer's and Dementia |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=186–91 |year=2007 |month=Julai |doi=10.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.381 |url=http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=rbrookmeyer |accessdate=2008-06-18 |pmid=19595937 |last1=Brookmeyer |first1=R |last2=Johnson |first2=E |last3=Ziegler-Graham |first3=K |last4=Arrighi |first4=HM |archive-date=2008-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207025403/http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=rbrookmeyer |dead-url=yes }} * {{cite paper |url=http://un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2008-08-27 |year=2007 |title=World population prospects: the 2006 revision, highlights |publisher=Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations |version=Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP.202 |journal= |archive-date=2008-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191533/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf |dead-url=yes |=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191533/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf }}</ref> == Historia == [[Picha:Auguste D aus Marktbreit.jpg|thumb|Alois mgonjwa wa Alzeima Auguste Deter katika 1902. Chake ndicho kisa cha kwanza kilichofafanuliwa kwa ugonjwa uliokuja kujulikana kama Alzeima.]] Wanafalsafa na madaktari wa [[Ugiriki ya Kale|Ugiriki]] na [[Roma wa Kale]] walihusisha kuzeeka na kuongezeka kwa dementia.<ref name="pmid9661992">{{cite journal |author=Berchtold NC, Cotman CW |title=Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_neurobiology-of-aging_may-june-1998_19_3/page/n6 |journal=Neurobiol. Aging |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=173–89 |year=1998 |pmid=9661992 |doi=10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9 }}</ref> Haikuwa hadi 1901 ndipo 0}mtaalamu wa saikolojia wa Kijerumani { Alois Alzheimer alipotambua kesi ya kwanza ya kile kilichochokuja kujulikana kama ugonjwa wa Alzeima katika mwanamke mwenye umri wa miaka 50 aliyemwita {1}Auguste D. Alzheimer alimfuata hadi alipokufa mnamo 1906, ambapo aliitangaza kesi hiyo hadharani kwa mara ya kwanza. <ref> Auguste D.: * {{ cite journal | author=Alzheimer Alois | title=Über eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde [About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex] | journal=Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psychiatrie und Psychisch-Gerichtlich Medizin | volume=64 | issue=1–2 | pages=146–148 | year=1907 | language={{de icon}} }} * {{cite journal |author=Alzheimer Alois |title=About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex. By Alois Alzheimer, 1907 (Translated by L. Jarvik and H. Greenson) |journal=Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–8 |year=1987 |pmid=3331112 }} * {{cite book |author=Maurer Ulrike, Maurer Konrad |title=Alzheimer: the life of a physician and the career of a disease |url=https://archive.org/details/alzheimerlifeofp00maur |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/alzheimerlifeofp00maur/page/270 270] |isbn=0-231-11896-1 |oclc= }} </ref> Katika kipindi cha miaka mitano iliyofuata, kesi sawa kumi na mmoja ziliripotiwa katika maandiko ya matibabu, na baadhi yao yakitumia jina la ugonjwa wa Alzeima kuutaja ugonjwa huo.<ref name="pmid9661992"/> Ugonjwa ulielezewa kama ugonjwa bainifu naye Emil Kraepelin baada ya kuzuia baadhi ya sifa za ugonjwa (upotovu na ndoto) na za kipatholojia (mabadiliko mkakamo wa ateri) zilizoko katika ripoti ya awali ya Auguste D.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Berrios G E |title=Alzheimer's disease: a conceptual history |journal=Int. J. Ger. Psychiatry |volume=5 |issue= |pages=355–365 |year=1990 |month= |pmid= |doi=10.1002/gps.930050603 }}</ref> Alijumuisha ''ugonjwa wa Alzeima,'' pia uiutwaodementiaya ''kabla ya udhoofu'' naye Kraepelin, kama aina ya ''shida ya akili ya udhoofu'' katika toleo la nane ya ''kitabu'' chake ''cha Saikayatria,'' kilichochapishwa mwaka 1910.<ref name="isbn1-4325-0833-4">{{cite book |author=Kraepelin Emil, Diefendorf A. Ross (translated by) |title=Clinical Psychiatry: A Textbook For Students And Physicians (Reprint) |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicalpsychiat0000emil |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |date=2007-01-17 |page=[https://archive.org/details/clinicalpsychiat0000emil/page/568 568] |isbn=1-4325-0833-4 |oclc= }}</ref> Kwa sehemu kubwa ya karne ya 20, utambuzi wa ugonjwa wa Alzeima ulikuwa miliki ya watu wenye umri kati ya 45 na 65 ambao walionyesha dalili za dementia. Istilahi hii ilipita baada ya 1977, wakati mkutano juu ya Alzeima ulihitimisha kuwa na dalili za kimatibabu na zakipatholojia za dementia za kudhoofika na kabla ya kudhoofika zilikuwa karibu sawa, ingawa waandishi pia waliongeza hawakuondoa uwezekano wa kuwa yalisababishwa na sababu tofauti.<ref name="isbn0-89004-225-X">{{cite book |author=Katzman Robert, Terry Robert D, Bick Katherine L (editors) |title=Alzheimer's disease: senile dementia and related disorders |url=https://archive.org/details/alzheimersdiseas0000work |publisher=Raven Press |location=New York |year=1978 |page=[https://archive.org/details/alzheimersdiseas0000work/page/594 595] |isbn=0-89004-225-X |oclc= }}</ref> Hii hatimaye ilipelekea utambuzi wa ''ugonjwa wa'' ''Alzeima'' bila kutegemea umri.<ref name="pmid9702682">{{cite journal |author=Boller F, Forbes MM |title=History of dementia and dementia in history: an overview |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-neurological-sciences_1998-06-30_158_2/page/n9 |journal=J. Neurol. Sci. |volume=158 |issue=2 |pages=125–33 |year=1998 |month=Juni |pmid=9702682 |doi=10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00128-2 }}</ref> Jina '' dementia ya kudhoofika ya Alzeima '' (SDAT) lilitumika kwa muda kuelezea hali ya watu wa zaidi ya miaka 65, huku ugonjwa wa Alzeima ukitumika kuwaelezea wale waliokuwa na umri wa chini. Hatimaye, jina Alzeima lilichukuliwa rasmi katika utaratibu wa majina ya matibabu ya kuwaelezea watu wa umri wowote wenye sampuli sawa ya dalili mfano tabia, mkondo wa ugonjwa, na neuropatholojia.<ref name="pmid3531918">{{cite journal |author=Amaducci LA, Rocca WA, Schoenberg BS |title=Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: how history can clarify nosology |journal=Neurology |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=1497–9 |year=1986 |month=Novemba |pmid=3531918 }}</ref> == Jamii na utamaduni == === Gharama za kijamii === Shida ya akili, na hasa ya ugonjwa wa Alzeima, inaweza kuwa kati ya magonjwa yenye gharama kubwa kwa jamii katika Ulaya na Marekani,<ref name="pmid15685097"/><ref name="pmid9543467"/> wakati gharama zao katika nchi nyingine kama vile [[Argentina|Ajentina]],<ref name="pmid16870037">{{cite journal |author=Allegri RF, Butman J, Arizaga RL, ''et al.'' |title=Economic impact of dementia in developing countries: an evaluation of costs of Alzheimer-type dementia in Argentina |url=https://archive.org/details/international-psychogeriatrics_2007-08_19_4/page/705 |journal=Int Psychogeriatr |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=705–18 |year=2007 |month=Agosti |pmid=16870037 |doi=10.1017/S1041610206003784 }}</ref> au [[Korea Kusini]],<ref name="pmid16858741">{{cite journal |author=Suh GH, Knapp M, Kang CJ |title=The economic costs of dementia in Korea, 2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_2006-08_21_8/page/722 |journal=Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=722–8 |year=2006 |month=Agosti |pmid=16858741 |doi=10.1002/gps.1552 }}</ref> pia inazidi kupanda. Gharama hizi pengine zitaongezeka sambamba na kuzeeka kwa jamii, na hivyo kuwa tatizo kuu katika kijamii. Gharama zinazohusiana na Alzeima ni pamoja na gharama za matibabu ya moja kwa moja kama vile huduma ya nyumba za uuguzi, gharama za moja kwa moja zisizo za matibabu kama vile katika huduma ya mchana ya nyumbani, gharama zisizo za moja kwa moja kama vile kupoteza uzalishaji wa mgonjwa na mtunzaji.<ref name="pmid9543467"/> Hesabu inatofautiana kati ya tafiti lakini gharama ya dementia duniani kote imekadiriwa karibu $ bilioni 160,<ref name="pmid16401889">{{cite journal |author=Wimo A, Jonsson L, Winblad B |title=An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and direct costs of dementia in 2003 |journal=Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=175–81 |year=2006 |pmid=16401889 |doi=10.1159/000090733 }}</ref>wakati gharama ya Alzeima nchini Marekani inaweza kuwa $ bilioni 100 kila mwaka.<ref name="pmid9543467"/> Asili kubwa zaidi ya gharama kwa jamii ni huduma ya muda mrefu kutoka kwa wataalamu wa huduma ya afya na hasa kuwekwa kwenye taasisi, ambazo zinahusiana na 2/3 ya jumla ya gharama kwa jamii.<ref name="pmid15685097"/> Gharama za maisha nyumbani pia ni za juu sana,<ref name="pmid15685097"/> hasa wakati gharama rasmi kwa familia zinapojumuishwa, kama vile ulezi, mapato yaliyopotezwa na mtunzaji.<ref name="pmid11445614">{{cite journal |author=Moore MJ, Zhu CW, Clipp EC |title=Informal costs of dementia care: estimates from the National Longitudinal Caregiver Study |journal=J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=S219–28 |year=2001 |month=Julai |pmid=11445614 }}</ref> Gharama huongezeka na kuongezeka kwa dementia na kuwepo kwa shida za kitabia,<ref name="pmid16676288">{{cite journal |author=Jönsson L, Eriksdotter Jönhagen M, Kilander L, ''et al.'' |title=Determinants of costs of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_2006-05_21_5/page/449 |journal=Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=449–59 |year=2006 |month=Mei |pmid=16676288 |doi=10.1002/gps.1489 }}</ref> na inahusiana na kuongezeka kwa muda unaohitajika wa utunzaji ya kimwili.<ref name="pmid11445614"/> Kwa hiyo tiba yoyote ambayo kwamba inapunguza kupotea kwa utambuzi, inayochelewesha kuwekwa kwenye taasisi au inayopunguza masaa ya mtunzaji yana faida za kiuchumi. Tathmini kiuchumi za matibabu ya sasa yameonyesha matokeo mazuri.<ref name="pmid9543467"/> === Mzigo wa utunzaji === Wajibu wa mtunzaji mkuu mara nyingi huchukuliwa na mke au jamaa wa karibu.<ref name="metlife.com"/> Ugonjwa wa Alzeima unajulikana kwa kuweka mzigo mkubwa juu ya walezi ambao ni pamoja na wa kisaikolojia, kimwili au hali ya kiuchumi.<ref name="pmid17662119"/><ref name="pmid10489656"/><ref name="pmid10489657">{{cite journal |author=Murray J, Schneider J, Banerjee S, Mann A |title=EUROCARE: a cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer's disease: II—A qualitative analysis of the experience of caregiving |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_1999-08_14_8/page/662 |journal=Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=662–7 |year=1999 |month=Agosti |pmid=10489657 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199908)14:8<662::AID-GPS993>3.0.CO;2-4 }}</ref> Hudumaza nyumbani hupendelewa kwa kawaida na wagonjwa na familia.<ref name="pmid18044111">{{cite journal |author=Zhu CW, Sano M |title=Economic considerations in the management of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Clin Interv Aging |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=143–54 |year=2006 |pmid=18044111 |doi=10.2147/ciia.2006.1.2.143 |pmc=2695165 }}</ref> Fursa hii pia huchelewesha au hupunguza haja ya huduma za kitaalamu zaidi na viwango vya gharama kubwa za matibabu.<ref name="pmid18044111"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gaugler JE, Kane RL, Kane RA, Newcomer R |title=Early community-based service utilization and its effects on institutionalization in dementia caregiving |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_gerontologist_2005-04_45_2/page/177 |journal=Gerontologist |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=177–85 |year=2005 |month=Aprili |pmid=15799982 }}</ref> Hata hivyo, theluthi mbili ya wakazi wa nyumba ya uuguzi ni wagonjwa wa akili.<ref name="pracGuideAPA"/> Watunzaji wa dementia/0} wanaathiriwa na kiwango cha juu cha matatizo ya [[kiakili]] na kimwili.<ref name="pmid12480441">{{cite journal |author=Ritchie K, Lovestone S |title=The dementias |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2002-11-30_360_9347/page/1758 |journal=Lancet |volume=360 |issue=9347 |pages=1759–66 |year=2002 |month=Novemba |pmid=12480441 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11667-9 }}</ref> Mambo yanayohusiana na matatizo zaidi ya kisaikolojia ya watunzaji wa kimsingi ni pamoja na watunzaji na mtu aliyeathirika nyumbani, na mtunzaji kuwa mumewe au mkewe, tabia za mgonjwa kama vile huzuni, usumbufu wa kitabia, ndoto, matatizo ya kulala au matatizo ya kutembea na kutengwa kijamii.<ref name="pmid2241719">{{cite journal |author=Brodaty H, Hadzi-Pavlovic D |title=Psychosocial effects on carers of living with persons with dementia |journal=Aust N Z J Psychiatry |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=351–61 |year=1990 |month=Septemba |pmid=2241719 |doi=10.3109/00048679009077702 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9646153">{{cite journal |author=Donaldson C, Tarrier N, Burns A |title=Determinants of carer stress in Alzheimer's disease |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_1998-04_13_4/page/248 |journal=Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=248–56 |year=1998 |month=Aprili |pmid=9646153 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(199804)13:4<248::AID-GPS770>3.0.CO;2-0 }}</ref> Kuhusu matatizo ya kiuchumi, watunzaji wa familia mara nyingi huacha masaa ya kazi na kutumia kwa wastani masaa 47 kwa wiki kumshughulikia mtu aliye na Alzeima, wakati gharama za kuwatunza ziko juu. Gharama moja kwa moja na zisizo za moja kwa moja za kuhudumia wagonjwa wa Alzeima kwa kadri ni kati ya $ 18,000 na $ 77,500 kwa mwaka katika nchi ya Marekani, kulingana na utafiti. Matibabu ya tabia za utambuzi na mafundisho ya mikakati ya kukabiliana aitha mmoja mmoja au katika vikundi imeonyesha ufanisi katika kuboresha afya ya kisaikolojia ya walezi.<ref name="pmid17662119"/><ref name="pmid11511058">{{cite journal |author=Pusey H, Richards D |title=A systematic review of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for carers of people with dementia |url=https://archive.org/details/aging-mental-health_2001-05_5_2/page/107 |journal=Aging Ment Health |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=107–19 |year=2001 |month=Mei |pmid=11511058 |doi=10.1080/13607860120038302 }}</ref> === Kesi zinazotambulika === [[Picha:President Ronald Reagan with Charlton Heston at a Meeting with The Presidential Task Force on The Arts and Humanities in Cabinet Room - DPLA - 47b9185ffd7680d8f23ce4d9fe269696.jpg|thumb|Charlton Heston na Ronald Reagan katika mkutano katika White House. Wote wawili baadaye walishikwa.]] Kwa kuwa ugonjwa wa Alzeima unapatikana sana, kuna watu wengi maarufu ambao wameathiriwa nao. Mifano maarufu ni pamoja Rais wa zamani wa Marekani [[Ronald Reagan]] na mwandishi wa Ayalandi Iris Murdoch, ambao wote walikuwa katika makala za kisayansi zikichunguza jinsi uwezo wao wa utambuzi ulivyoshushwa na ugonjwa huo.<ref name="pmid15574466">{{cite journal |author=Garrard P, Maloney LM, Hodges JR, Patterson K |title=[http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/128/2/250 The effects of very early Alzheimer's disease on the characteristics of writing by a renowned author] |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_brain_2005-02_128_2/page/250 |journal=Brain |volume=128 |issue=Pt 2 |pages=250–60 |year=2005 |month=Februari |pmid=15574466 |doi=10.1093/brain/awh341 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15461232">{{cite journal |author=Sherman FT |title=[http://www.modernmedicine.com/modernmedicine/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=121676 Did President Reagan have mild cognitive impairment while in office? Living longer with Alzheimer's Disease] |journal=Geriatrics |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=11, 15 |year=2004 |month=Septemba |pmid=15461232 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15788549">{{cite journal |author=Venneri A, Forbes-Mckay KE, Shanks MF |title=Impoverishment of spontaneous language and the prediction of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Brain |volume=128 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=E27 |year=2005 |month=Aprili |pmid=15788549 |doi=10.1093/brain/awh419 |url= }}</ref> Kesi nyingine ni pamoja na mwanakandanda mstaafu Ferenc Puskas,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6155766.stm |title=Hungary legend Puskas dies at 79 |publisher=BBC News |date=2006-11-17 |accessdate=2008-01-25}} </ref> na waliokuwa Maziri Wakuu Harold Wilson (Uingereza) na Adolfo Suárez [[Hispania|(Uhispania)]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/prime-ministers-in-history/harold-wilson |title=Prime Ministers in History: Harold Wilson |publisher=10 Downing Street |location=London |accessdate=2008-08-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080825211328/http://www.number10.gov.uk/history-and-tour/prime-ministers-in-history/harold-wilson |archivedate=2008-08-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/padre/reconocio/Rey/noto/carino/elpepiesp/20080718elpepinac_11/Tes |title=Mi padre no reconoció al Rey pero notó el cariño |publisher=El País |location=Madrid |year=2008 |accessdate=2008-10-01 }}</ref> na mwigizaji Rita Hayworth,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alz.org/galas/Rita/overview.asp |title=Chicago Rita Hayworth Gala |publisher=Alzheimer's Association |year=2007 |accessdate=2010-02-03 }} </ref> mwigizaji Charlton Heston,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/08/09/heston.illness/ |title=Charlton Heston has Alzheimer's symptoms |publisher=CNN |date=2002-08-09 |accessdate=2008-01-25 |archivedate=2008-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201123928/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/08/09/heston.illness/ }}</ref> na mwandishi wa riwaya Terry Pratchett,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/dec/12/news.michellepauli1 |author=Pauli Michelle |title=Pratchett announces he has Alzheimer's |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=2007-12-12 |accessdate=2008-08-18 | location=London}}</ref> na mshindi wa 2009 wa [[Tuzo ya Nobeli|Tuzo]] la [[Tuzo ya Nobeli|Nobel]] katika Fizikia Charles K. Kao.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_439665.html |title=Nobel Prize Winner has Alzheimer's |publisher=The Straits Times |date=2009-10-08 |accessdate=2009-10-09 }}</ref> Alzeima pia imeweza kuonyeshwa katika filamu kama vile: ''Iris'' (2001),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0280778/ |title=Iris |date=2002-01-18 |publisher=IMDB |accessdate=2008-01-24}}</ref> iliyo na asili yake katika kumbukumbu zake John Bayley za mke wake Iris Murdoch,<ref>{{cite book |title=Iris: a memoir of Iris Murdoch |author=Bayley John |publisher=Abacus |location=London |year=2000 |isbn=9780349112152 |oclc=41960006 }}</ref> ''Daftari'' ya (2004),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0332280/ |title=The notebook |publisher=IMDB |accessdate=2008-02-22}}</ref> iliyo na msingi wake katika riwaya ya jina kama hilo ya Nicholas Sparks ya 1996<ref>{{cite book |title=The notebook |url=https://archive.org/details/notebook00spar_1 |author=Sparks Nicholas |year=1996 |publisher=Thorndike Press |location=Thorndike, Maine |page=[https://archive.org/details/notebook00spar_1/page/268 268] |isbn=078620821X }} </ref> ''Muda wa kumbuka'' (2004); ''Thanmathra'' (2005),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webindia123.com/movie/regional/thanmatra/index.htm |title=Thanmathra |publisher=Webindia123.com |accessdate=2008-01-24}} </ref> ''Kumbukumbu ya Kesho (Ashita no Kioku)'' (2006 ), <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0494640/ |title=Ashita no kioku |originallanguage={{jp icon}} |publisher=IMDB |accessdate=2008-01-24}}</ref> msingi wake ukiwa riwaya ya Ogiwara Hiroshi ya jina kama hilo, <ref>{{cite book |author=Ogiwara Hiroshi |year=2004 |title=Ashita no Kioku |url=https://archive.org/details/ashitanokioku0000ogiw |location=Tōkyō |publisher=Kōbunsha |isbn=9784334924461 |oclc=57352130 |language={{jp icon}} |isbn-status=Mei be invalid – please double check }}</ref> ''Mbali kutoka kwake'' (2006), msingi wake ukiwa ni hadithi fupi ya Alice Munro "Dubu alikuja juu ya mlima"."The Bear Came over the Mountain".<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage|Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage: Stories]] |author=Munro Alice |location=New York |publisher=A.A. Knopf |year=2001 |isbn=9780375413001 |oclc=46929223 |chapter-url=The bear came over the mountain}}</ref> Kumbukumbu juu ya ugonjwa Alzeima ni pamoja na ''Malcolm na Barbara: Hadithi ya Mapenzi'' (1999) na ''Malcolm na Barbara: Upendo wa Wasalaam'' (2007), zote zikiwashirikisha Malcolm Pointon. <ref>Malcolm na Barbara: * {{cite web |url=http://www.dfgdocs.com/Directory/Titles/700.aspx |title=Malcolm and Barbara: A love story |publisher=Dfgdocs |accessdate=2008-01-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524213821/http://www.dfgdocs.com/Directory/Titles/700.aspx |archivedate=2008-05-24 |=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524213821/http://www.dfgdocs.com/Directory/Titles/700.aspx }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cambridgeshire/content/articles/2007/08/06/pointon_audio_feature.shtml |title=Malcolm and Barbara: A love story |publisher=BBC Cambridgeshire |accessdate=2008-03-02 }} * {{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/aug/07/broadcasting.itv |title=Alzheimer's film-maker to face ITV lawyers |publisher=Guardian Media |date=2007-08-07 |accessdate=2008-01-24 |location=London |first=John |last=Plunkett }}</ref> == Mkondo wa Utafiti == Mnamo 2008, usalama na ufanifu wa zaidi ya dawa za matibabu 400 ulifanyiwa uchunguzi katika utafiti wa kimatibabu ulimwenguni kote, na karibu nusu ya michanganyiko hiyo iko katika awamu ya ya III; majaribio ya hatua ya mwisho kabla ya kupitia kwa vyombo vya udhibiti viwango.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=alzheimer |title= Clinical Trials. Found 459 studies with search of: alzheimer |accessdate= 2008-03-23 |publisher= US National Institutes of Health }}</ref> Eneo moja la utafiti wa kliniki limetilia makini katika kutibu sababu za kimsingi za ugonjwa. Kupunguza viwango vya Amiloidi beta ni lengo la kawaida la michanganyiko<ref> {{cite journal |author=Lashuel HA, Hartley DM, Balakhaneh D, Aggarwal A, Teichberg S, [[David J E Callaway|Callaway DJE]] |title=New class of inhibitors of [[Beta amyloid|amyloid-beta]] fibril formation. Implications for the mechanism of pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease |url=http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/277/45/42881 |journal=[[Journal of Biological Chemistry|J Biol Chem]] |year=2002 |volume=277 |pages=42881–42890 |pmid=12167652 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M206593200 |issue=45 }}</ref> (kama vile apomofini) inayofanyiwa uchunguzi. Tiba ya kuzuia au chanjo dhidi ya protini ya amiloidi ni moja matibabu yaliyo chini ya masomo ya kielelezo.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dodel r, Neff F, Noelker C, Pul R, Du Y, Bacher M Oertel W. |title=Intravenous Immunoglobulins as a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Current Evidence |url=http://adisonline.com/drugs/Abstract/2010/70050/Intravenous_Immunoglobulins_as_a_Treatment_for.1.aspx |journal=Drugs |year=2010 |volume=70 |pages=513–528 |pmid=20329802 |doi=10.2165/11533070-000000000-00000 |issue=5 |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-date=2011-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917191608/http://adisonline.com/drugs/Abstract/2010/70050/Intravenous_Immunoglobulins_as_a_Treatment_for.1.aspx |dead-url=yes |=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917191608/http://adisonline.com/drugs/Abstract/2010/70050/Intravenous_Immunoglobulins_as_a_Treatment_for.1.aspx }}</ref> Tofauti na chanjo ya kuzuia, tiba iliyodhaniwa itakuwa ikitumika kutibu watu ambao tayari wametambuliwa. Msingi wake ni dhana ya mafunzo kwa mfumo wa kinga ya kutambua, mashambulizi, na kurejesha nyuma utuaji wa amiloidi, hivyo Kubadili mwenendo wa ugonjwa huo.<ref>Kutoa Chanjo: * {{cite journal |author=Hawkes CA, McLaurin J |title=Immunotherapy as treatment for Alzheimer's disease |journal=Expert Rev Neurother |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=1535–48 |year=2007 |month=Novemba |pmid=17997702 |doi=10.1586/14737175.7.11.1535 }} * {{cite journal |author=Solomon B |title=Clinical immunologic approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Expert Opin Investig Drugs |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=819–28 |year=2007 |month=Juni |pmid=17501694 |doi=10.1517/13543784.16.6.819 }} * {{cite journal |author=Woodhouse A, Dickson TC, Vickers JC |title=Vaccination strategies for Alzheimer's disease: A new hope? |journal=Drugs Aging |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=107–19 |year=2007 |pmid=17313199 |doi=10.2165/00002512-200724020-00003 }}</ref> Mfano wa chanjo hiyo iliyokuwa ikifanyiwa uchunguzi ni ACC-001,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00498602 |title = Study Evaluating ACC-001 in Mild to Moderate Alzheimers Disease Subjects |work = Clinical Trial |publisher =US National Institutes of Health |accessdate=2008-06-05 |date = 2008-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00479557 |title=Study Evaluating Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of ACC-001 in Subjects With Alzheimer's Disease |publisher=US National Institutes of Health |accessdate=2008-06-05 }}</ref> ingawa majaribio yalisitishwa katika 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/AAN/tb/9165 |title = Alzheimer's Disease Vaccine Trial Suspended on Safety Concern |publisher =Medpage Today |accessdate=2008-06-14 |date = 2008-04-18}}</ref> Kiungo kmwingine sawa na hiyo ni bapineuzumab, zindiko iliyoundwa ili kufanana na zindiko iliyo dhidi ya amiloidi inayopatikana kiasili mwilini.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00574132 |title= Bapineuzumab in Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease/ Apo_e4 non-carriers |work = Clinical Trial |accessdate=2008-03-23 |publisher= US National Institutes of Health |date= 2008-02-29 }}</ref> Njia nyingine ni wakala wa kukinga akili kama ,vile AL-108,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00422981 |title = Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy Study to Evaluate Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment |work = Clinical Trial |accessdate=2008-03-23 |publisher= US National Institutes of Health |date = 2008-03-11 }}</ref> na viungo vya kuzuia mwingiliano wa protini na chuma, kama vile PBT2.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00471211 |title = Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of PBT2 in Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease |work = Clinical Trial |accessdate=2008-03-23 |publisher= US National Institutes of Health |date = 2008-01-13 }}</ref> Kipokezi cha TNFα protini ya uyeunganishaji , etanercept imeonyesha matokeo ya kutia moyo.<ref name="pmid16926764">[629] ^utafiti wa Etanercept : ** {{cite journal |author=Tobinick E, Gross H, Weinberger A, Cohen H |title=TNF-alpha modulation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a 6-month pilot study |journal=MedGenMed |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=25 |year=2006 |pmid=16926764 |pmc=1785182 }} ** {{cite journal |author=Griffin WS |title=Perispinal etanercept: potential as an Alzheimer therapeutic |journal=J Neuroinflammation |volume=5 |page=3 |year=2008 |pmid=18186919 |pmc=2241592 |doi=10.1186/1742-2094-5-3 }} ** {{cite journal |author=Tobinick E |title=Perispinal etanercept for treatment of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Curr Alzheimer Res |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=550–2 |year=2007 |month=Desemba |pmid=18220520 |doi=10.2174/156720507783018217 }}</ref> Katika 2008, majaribio mawili tofauti ya kimatibabu yalionyesha matokeo mazuri katika kubadilisha mwenendo wa ugonjwa wa Alzeima ya kiwango kidogo au cha kadri kwa kutumia methilithioniniamu kloridi (ijulikanayo kibiashara kama ''rember'' ), dawa izuiayo mrundiko wa tau, <ref>{{cite journal |title=Tau aggregation inhibitor (TAI) therapy with remberTM arrests disease progression in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease over 50 weeks |author=Wischik Claude M, Bentham Peter, Wischik Damon J, Seng Kwang Meng |journal=Alzheimer's & Dementia |publisher=Alzheimer's Association |year=2008 |month=Julai |volume=4 |issue=4 |page=T167 |url=http://www.abstractsonline.com/viewer/viewAbstractPrintFriendly.asp?CKey={E7C717CF-8D73-41E0-8DB0-FA92205978CD}&SKey={68E04DB5-AB1C-4F7B-9511-DA3173F4F755}&MKey={CFC5F7C6-CB6A-40C4-BC87-B30C9E64B1CC}&AKey={50E1744A-0C52-45B2-BF85-2A798BF24E02} |accessdate=2008-07-30 |doi=10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.438 }}</ref> <ref> {{cite journal |author=Harrington Charles, Rickard Janet E, Horsley David, ''et al.'' |title=Methylthioninium chloride (MTC) acts as a Tau aggregation inhibitor (TAI) in a cellular model and reverses Tau pathology in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Alzheimer's & Dementia |publisher=Alzheimer's Association |year=2008 |month=Julai |pages=T120–T121 |doi=10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.259 |volume=4 }}</ref> na dimebon, ni kimaliza kemikali za mzio.<ref name="pmid18640457">{{cite journal |author=Doody RS, Gavrilova SI, Sano M, ''et al.'' |title=Effect of dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study |journal=Lancet |volume=372 |issue=9634 |pages=207–15 |year=2008 |month=Julai |pmid=18640457 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61074-0 }}</ref> Awamu ya III ya mfululizo ya majaribio ya Dimebon ilishindwa kuonyesha athari chanya katika sehemu za mwisho za msingi na za upili.<ref> [http://www.alzforum.org/new/detail.asp?id=2387 Dimebon yavunja moyo katika majaribio ya Awamu ya 3]</ref> Uwezekano wa kwamba Alzeima inaweza kutibiwa na dawa kinzavirusi unatolewa na utafiti kuonyesha kuwa pamoja kwa malengelenge ya virusi vya vidonda mwilini na utando wa amiloidi.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wozniak M, Mee A, Itzhaki R |title=Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA is located within Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaques |journal=J Pathol |volume=217 |issue=1 |pages=131–138 |year=2008 |pmid=18973185 |doi=10.1002/path.2449}}</ref> Utafiti wa awali wa athari za tiba katika kurejesha kumbukumbu na uwezo wa kutambua umekuwa wa kutia moyo. Upungufu wa utafiti huu unaweza kushughulikiwa katika utafiti wa baadaye kwa uchambuzi wa kina zaidi.<ref>{{cite journal |pages=517–26 |last1=Newberg |first1=AB |issue=2 |last2=Wintering |first2=N |last3=Khalsa |first3=DS |last4=Roggenkamp |first4=H |last5=Waldman |first5=MR |author8=Newberg AB, Wintering N, Khalsa DS, Roggenkamp H, Waldman MR |volume=20 |title=Meditation effects on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow in subjects with memory loss: a preliminary study |year=2010 |journal=[[Journal of Alzheimer's Disease]] |url=http://www.j-alz.com/issues/20/vol20-2.html |pmid=20164557 |doi=10.3233/JAD-2010-1391 |doi_brokendate=2010-08-25 |archive-date=2010-10-07 |access-date=2010-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007041817/http://j-alz.com/issues/20/vol20-2.html |url-status=dead }} (Asili ya msingi)</ref> == Tanbihi == {{Marejeo|colwidth=30em}} == Marejeo == * {{cite book | title=Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling the Mystery | url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/UnravelingTheMystery | publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Aging, NIH | year=2008 }} * {{cite book |url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/ADPrevented/ |title=Can Alzheimer's Disease Be Prevented? |publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Aging, NIH |year=2009 }} * {{cite book | title=Caring for a Person with Alzheimer's Disease: Your Easy-to-Use Guide from the National Institute on Aging | url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/CaringAD/ | publisher=US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Aging, NIH | year=2009 }} * {{cite journal |author=Cummings JL, Frank JC, Cherry D, Kohatsu ND, Kemp B, Hewett L, Mittman B |title=Guidelines for managing Alzheimer's disease: Part&nbsp;I. Assessment |journal=American Family Physician |volume=65 |issue=11 |pages=2263–2272 |year=2002 |pmid=12074525 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020601/2263.html }} * {{cite journal |author= Cummings JL, Frank JC, Cherry D, Kohatsu ND, Kemp B, Hewett L, Mittman B |title=Guidelines for managing Alzheimer's disease: Part&nbsp;II. Treatment |journal=American Family Physician |volume=65 |issue=12 |pages=2525–2534 |year=2002 |pmid=12086242 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20020615/2525.html }} * {{cite web | title=Alzheimer's Behavior Management: Learn to manage common behavior problems | url=http://www.helpguide.org/elder/alzheimers_behavior_problems.htm | author=Russell D, Barston S, White M | publisher=helpguide.org | date=2007-12-19 | accessdate=2008-02-29 }} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Alzheimer's disease}} * '''''(en)''''' [http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/ResearchInformation/ResearchCenters/ Vituo vya Ugonjwa wa Alzeima (AlzeimaCs)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/ResearchInformation/ResearchCenters/ |date=20100604070324 }} * '''''(en)''''' [http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers Kituo cha Elimu na Malazi cha Ugojwa wa Alzeima (AlzeimaEAR) ] * '''''(en)''''' [http://www.alz.org/index.asp Chama cha Alzeima] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alz.org/index.asp |date=20120730181212 }} * '''''(en)''''' [http://memory.ucsf.edu/ Kituo cha Kuzeeka na Kumbukumbu UCSF] {{DEFAULTSORT:Alzeima}} [[Jamii:Maradhi ya ubongo]] [[Jamii:Maradhi ya uzee]] swz2lnp1z4qg60xaujbcepaibjue4oi 0 69388 1590090 929024 2026-08-21T22:22:15Z PaulLim11 88077 Image 1590090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actor | jina = Christina Ricci | picha = Christina Ricci at Los Angeles Comic Con 2024-2.jpg | ukubwa wa picha = 200px | maelezo ya picha = Ricci, [[2024]] | jina la kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1980|2|12}} | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Santa Monica, California]], [[United States|USA]] | ndoa = }} '''Christina Ricci''' (amezaliwa tar. [[12 Februari]] [[1980]]) ni mwigizaji wa filamu na mchekeshaji kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya Nje== * {{IMDb name|id=207|name=Christina Ricci}} {{BD|1980||Ricci, Christina}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} 2r4fu3m6nrt3gm5epbaokspts13pug6 0 72805 1590066 1495439 2026-08-21T21:12:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Patriarchate Constantinopolis.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Waimbaji]] [[Waorthodoksi]] kwenye [[Kanisa la Mt. George, Istanbul]], [[Konstantinopoli]], [[Uturuki]].]] [[Image:BenedictineVespers.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Wamonaki]] wa Mt. [[Benedikto wa Nursia]] wakiimba kipindi cha [[Magharibi]] kwenye [[Jumamosi Kuu]].]] '''Sala ya Kanisa''' ndiyo [[sala]] rasmi ya [[madhehebu]] fulani ya [[Ukristo]] iliyopangwa ifanyike mara kwa mara kila siku. Kwa kawaida sala hizo zinapatikana katika [[kitabu]] kilichoandaliwa au kupitishwa na [[mamlaka]] ya [[Kanisa]] (walau [[dayosisi]] au [[shirika la kitawa]]). Kwa njia hiyo Kanisa linahakikisha kwamba haliachi kamwe kusali, kama [[Yesu]] alivyoagiza, na kufuatana na [[desturi]] ya [[Wayahudi]] wakati wake, na ya [[Mitume wa Yesu]] kadiri ya [[Matendo ya Mitume]]. Ni hasa wamonaki na [[watawa]] wengine waliotimiza kwa bidii kubwa [[wajibu]] huo. Inawezekana kwamba [[Muhammad]] katika [[safari]] zake aliguswa na [[juhudi]] hizo akaziagiza kwa [[Waislamu]] wote wasali mara tano kwa siku. ==Liturujia ya vipindi== Katika [[utaratibu]] wa [[Kanisa la Roma]], unaofuatwa na [[dayosisi|majimbo]] karibu yote ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] [[Kanisa la Kilatini|la Kilatini]], sala hiyo kwa sasa inaitwa "[[Liturujia ya vipindi]]". Vipindi hivyo ni: [[Kipindi cha masomo]], [[Masifu ya asubuhi]], [[Sala ya mchana]] ([[Kabla ya adhuhuri]], [[Adhuhuri]] na [[Baada ya adhuhuri]]), [[Masifu ya jioni]] na [[Sala ya mwisho]]. ==Katika maisha ya Kiroho== Sala ya Kanisa ambayo kila siku inaendana na [[misa]] takatifu ni kati ya [[njia]] kuu za kuungana na [[Mungu]]. Misa ndiyo sala kuu ya [[Kristo]] inayoendelea hadi mwisho wa [[dunia]], ambapo kwa [[huduma]] ya [[Upadri|mapadri]] wake tendo la Mungu-mtu kupenda na kujitoa linapaa mfululizo toka [[Moyo Mtakatifu wa Yesu|moyo wake]] wa kikuhani kama [[ibada]], [[fidia]], [[dua]] na [[shukrani]] za [[thamani]] isiyo na mipaka. [[Liturujia ya Vipindi]] ndiyo sala kuu ya [[Bibi arusi]] wa Kristo, ambayo haitakiwi kukoma duniani, kama vile misa isivyokoma kamwe. Kwa waliojaliwa [[heshima]] ya kuishiriki, inatarajiwa kuwa [[shule]] nzuri ajabu ya sala hasa, ya kujitoa na ya [[utakatifu]]. Lakini ikipotewa na [[roho]] yake na kubaki na [[mwili]] tu, isizame katika [[fumbo|mafumbo]], badala ya kuwa mruko, mwinuko na pumziko la mtu kwa Mungu, inakuwa mzigo na uchoshi usiozaa tena [[tunda|matunda]] yake bora. Haraka ndiyo [[kifo]] cha ibada, kwa kuwa inaizuia isiwe na undani. Hapo maneno yanatamkwa vibaya, pasipo [[mdundo]] wala [[kipimo]]. [[Antifona]] na [[tenzi]] hazieleweki, ingawa mara nyingi ni nzuri kama nini. Masomo yanafanyika pasipo kuzingatia vituo, kama mambo yasiyo na maana, kumbe ndiyo mng’ao wa [[hekima]] ya Mungu. Kwa kisingizio cha kuokoa [[muda]] (labda [[dakika]] tano zitakazotumika kwa upuuzi) unapotezwa muda ulio bora, ule uliotolewa kwa Mungu. “Kama tajiri angesema na mtumishi wake vile wengi wanavyosema na Mungu wakisali Liturujia ya Vipindi, mtumishi angedhani tajiri amerukwa na akili kwa jinsi anavyoropoka” (Ch. wa Condren). [[Liturujia]] iliyolipuliwa inafanana na [[mashine]]: sehemu zake zimepangwa moja karibu na nyingine pasipo kufungamanishwa na [[uhai]]. Maneno yanafuatana tu, bila kutokeza maana yake ya Kimungu, hivi kwamba anayetaka kuielewa na kuifuata analazimika kujichosha kwa kuwa anazuiwa badala ya kusaidiwa kusali. Pengine zinakumbushwa taratibu za liturujia, lakini hizo peke yake hazitoshi. [[Ugonjwa]] ni wa ndani zaidi, hivi kwamba ni lazima tung’oe [[mzizi|mizizi]] yake. [[Dawa]] ya kufaa kweli, inayowezesha kufaidika na nyingine pia, ni roho ya sala, kama vile roho inavyohitajika kumrudishia uhai [[maiti]]. Kwa mtu asiyesali peke yake pia, Sala ya Kanisa ni kazi ya mwili, ibada ya nje tu. Kwa kukosa mazoea ya kujikusanya, anashambuliwa na mawazo yasiyohusika na liturujia: kazi, masomo, shughuli na pengine upuuzi tu. Hata wanasala wanapatwa nayo, lakini kwake ni hali ya kawaida ya [[uzembe]], na ndani yake mtawanyo wa mawazo haubaki katika [[ubunifu]] bali unaenea katika [[akili]] na [[utashi]]. Katika hali hiyo atawezaje kufurahia [[neno la Mungu|maneno ya Mungu]], [[maandishi]] bora ya [[mababu wa Kanisa]] na [[maisha]] ya [[watakatifu]] tunayoyapitia kila [[siku]]? Hauzingatii [[uzuri]] huo wote, kwake ni kama vitu visivyo na [[rangi]] wala [[ladha]]. [[Ubora]] wa [[ushairi]] wa [[zaburi|Mtungazaburi]] na milio ya [[moyo]] wake vinaonekana vya kawaida na vya kukinaisha. <ref>Siku fulani, wakati wa kuimba Zaburi kwa pamoja, [[Bernardo wa Clairvaux|Bernardo]] aliona juu ya kila [[mtawa]] [[malaika mlinzi]] akiandika maneno yake, lakini kwa namna tofauti: kwa [[herufi]] ya [[dhahabu]], ya [[fedha]], ya [[wino]] au ya [[maji]] tu; tena mwingine alishika [[peni]] asiandike.</ref> Kinachofanya liturujia iwe ya kuzama ndani yake ndicho roho ya sala, au walau hamu ya kuwa nayo ambayo inaitafuta na hatimaye itaipata. Kuzama katika mafumbo ndiyo njia pekee ya kuona katika liturujia [[mwanga]], [[amani]], [[furaha]] ya [[ukweli]]. Hiyo roho ya sala inachotwa hasa katika [[sala ya moyo]] na inapotea tukiwa na haraka ya kumaliza sala kana kwamba isingekuwa [[pumzi]] ya roho, fungamano na Mungu na [[uhai]] wetu. Ndiyo roho ambayo ilizaa Zaburi na inahitajika ili kuzielewa na kuzishika maishani: “Kama ayala aioneavyo shauku mito ya maji, vivyo hivyo nafsi yangu inakuonea shauku, Ee Mungu” (Zab 42:1). Liturujia ikiwa na roho hiyo ni hai, haihitaji kukumbushwa mfululizo taratibu zake, kwa sababu hizo zinalingana na maelekeo yetu ya ndani. Hapo, bila kwenda polepole mno, maneno yanatamkwa vizuri, vituo vinazingatiwa, antifona zinafurahiwa, na tunajilisha kweli [[ujumbe]] wa matini. [[Msomaji]] anajiandaa mapema asije akasoma kwa shida na namna isiyoeleweka; katika [[matamshi]] anakwepa kujitokeza mno binafsi. Kisha kusali Zaburi tunajisikia kuirefusha kwa kitambo cha sala ya moyo, kama walivyofanya [[watawa]] wa zamani ambao mara nyingi walipata hapo mianga mikuu walioitafuta kwanza kwa [[saa]] na saa za [[juhudi]]. Hapo tunaelewa kuwa sala ya moyo ndiyo roho ya Sala ya Kanisa, ambayo upande wake ndiyo [[lishe]] bora ya sala ya moyo, kwa kuwa ndiyo Neno la Mungu lililopangwa na kufafanuliwa kadiri ya mzunguko wa [[Mwaka wa Kanisa|mwaka wa liturujia]], yaani kadiri ya wakati halisi unaolingana na [[uzima wa milele]]. Hapo kweli sala ni kuzidi kumuinulia Mungu roho ambayo inawaka na kumalizika kitakatifu kama [[mshumaa]] [[altare|altareni]]. Kwetu ni [[heri]] kushiriki Sala ya Kanisa ikiadhimishwa hivyo: hapo tunahisi uhai halisi wa [[Kanisa]], tunatambua [[wimbo]] wake mnyofu na papo hapo wa [[fahari]] ambao unatangulia na kufuata maneno bora ya [[Bwana arusi]], yale ya mageuzo katika ekaristi. Hapo tunasahau [[huzuni]] za duniani na masharti ya kinafiki ya [[maisha ya jamii]]. Sala ya namna hiyo inavuta [[wito|miito]] mizuri, wakati liturujia iliyolipuliwa inaisogeza mbali. Mungu atujalie idumu [[usiku]] na [[mchana]] katika [[nyumba]] za kitawa, kwa sababu sala hai haitakiwi kukoma, na sala ya usiku ina neema za pekee kwa kuzama katika mafumbo, kutokana na [[kimya]] kikuu kilichopo na kwa sababu nyingine nyingi. Sala hiyo ndiyo pumziko takatifu ambalo watu wanalihitaji baada ya kupatwa na [[uchovu]], mahangaiko na fujo ulimwenguni. Ni pumziko ndani ya Mungu lililojaa uhai na linalofanana kidogo na pumziko lake ambaye anao kwa mara moja uhai wote usio na mwisho katika [[nukta]] ile isiyopita kamwe na iliyo [[kipimo]] cha [[utendaji]] mkuu na cha [[utulivu]] mkuu katika upendo. Sala ya Kanisa ambayo inaandaa na kutimiliza misa ni njia kuu ya kuinuka juu ya mawazo ya kibinadamu hadi kuzamia mafumbo na kuungana na Mungu. Hata mtu anayesoma kirefu [[teolojia]] anahitaji kuinuka juu kuliko [[ujuzi]] wa [[vitabu]], kukusanya mawazo mpaka ndani, kupokea [[nuru]] ya Mungu katika sala. La sivyo anadumaa, hawezi kuwashirikisha watu nuru ya kutosha, kazi yake haina uhai, mawazo yake hayapandi juu inavyotakiwa yaone [[mandhari]] yote, na polepole yanaacha kuvutia. Ni lazima aone mara nyingi [[fumbo|mafumbo]] anayoyasoma yanavyojitokeza kwa namna hai na angavu katika maneno ya Mungu ambayo liturujia inatufanya tuyaonje na kuyapenda. Neno lake tunalokumbushwa hivyo katika sala linahusiana na vitabu vya teolojia kama vile [[duara]] nyofu inavyohusiana na [[umbo]] la [[pembe]] nyingi lililomo ndani mwake. Pengine ni lazima kusahau pembe zote za umbo hilo na kufurahia kitakatifu uzuri wa duara tu. Hatimaye Sala ya Kanisa ni kanuni ya hakika dhidi ya udanganyifu wa binafsi: inatuponya [[pendo|mapendo]] ya juujuu kwa kutukumbusha mfululizo kweli kuu kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Biblia ya Kikristo|Maandiko]]. Wanaojiamini kipumbavu inawakumbusha ukuu wa [[haki]] ya Mungu, kumbe wanaomuogopa mno inawakumbusha [[huruma]] isiyo na mipaka na thamani ya [[msalaba wa Yesu|mateso ya Mwokozi]]. Inawainua wanaofuata miguso na [[hisi]] tu hadi vilele vya [[imani]] na upendo halisi. Inatukumbusha hatua zote za [[maisha ya Kiroho]], zikiwa ni pamoja na mafumbo ya furaha, mwanga, uchungu na utukufu ya [[Rozari]]. Hivyo inatupatia furaha halisi ambayo inapanua moyo na kutuandaa kwa sala ya kimya zaidi, yaani sala ya moyo. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{Citation |year=1907 |title=Тvпико́нъ сіесть уста́въ (Title here transliterated into Russian; actually in Church Slavonic) (The Typicon which is the Order) |publisher=Синодальная типография (The Synodal Printing House) |publication-place=Москва (Moscow, Russian Empire) |pages=1154 }} *{{Citation |year=1992 |publication-date=1997 |title=The Unabbreviated Horologion |place=[[Jordanville, New York]] |publisher=[[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Monastery]] }} *[http://www.orthlib.info/Chasoslov/Chasoslov.html On-line text (in [[Church Slavonic]] Часослов &ndash; Chasoslov, Horologion, Retrieved 2011-12-31] *{{Citation |author=Saint [[Simeoni wa Tesalonike|Symeon of Thessaloniki]] |others=Translated by Harry L.N. Simmons |year=c. 1420 |publication-date=1984 |title=Treatise on Prayer: An Explanation of the Services Conducted in the Orthodox Church |pages=132–136 |place=[[Brookline, Massachusetts]] |publisher=[[Hellenic College and Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] Press |isbn=0-917653-05-X }} *{{Citation |last=Sokolof |first=Archpriest Dimitrii |year=1899 |publication-date=2001 |title=Manual of the Orthodox Church's Divine Services |pages=132–136 |place=[[Jordanville, New York]] |publisher=[[Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)|Holy Trinity Monastery]] |isbn=0-88465-067-7 |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/sokolof/services.toc.html }} *{{Citation |author=[[Archpriest]] [[Alexander Schmemann]] |year=1963 |title=Introduction to Liturgical Theology (Lib. of Orthodox Theol.) |publication-date=1987 |publisher=Faith Press Ltd |pages=170 |isbn=978-0-7164-0293-0 }} *{{Citation |last=Ware |first=Timothy |year=1963 |publication-date=1987 |title=The Orthodox Church |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |publication-place=[[London]], UK |page=193 |isbn=978-0-14-013529-9 }} *{{Citation |author=[[Archimandrite]] Robert F. Taft, S.J. |title=The Liturgy of the Hours in East and West: The Origins of the Divine Office and Its Meaning for Today |publisher=The order of Saint Benedict, Inc. |publication-place=[[Collegeville, Minnesosta]] |year=1986 |pages=423 |isbn=978-0-8146-1405-1 |jstor=1291596 }} *{{Citation | author = [[Archimandrite]] Robert F. Taft, S.J. | title = Mount Athos: A Late Chapter in the History of the Byzantine Rite | journal = Dumbarton Oaks Papers | volume = 42 | year = 1988 | pages = 179–194 | jstor = 1291596 }} ==Viungo vya nje== ;[[Liturujia ya Roma|Madhehebu ya Kiroma]] *[http://divinumofficium.com Officium Divinum] Dynamic version of the canonical hours according to the rubrics of 1961 *[http://www.almudi.org/Portals/0/docs/Breviario/fuentes/breviario.html Liturgia Horarum Online] A Latin version. *[http://medievalist.net/hourstxt/home.htm The Hypertext Book of Hours] - Online edition of Medieval Daily Office. *[http://www.breviary.net A Traditional Catholic site promoting the Divine Office] {{Wayback|url=http://www.breviary.net/ |date=20181118104815 }} *[http://www.universalis.com The Liturgy of the Hours presented by Universalis.com] *[http://www.liturgyhours.org The Liturgy of the Hours Apostolate]. Uses the Office as last revised by Pope Pius X. *[http://www.allmercifulsavior.com/Liturgy/SarumPsalter.html The Sarum Breviary] {{Wayback|url=http://www.allmercifulsavior.com/Liturgy/SarumPsalter.html |date=20070311033209 }} (The [[Sarum Rite|Sarum Usage]] is a subset of the Roman Rite) *[http://www.bookofhours.org/ Daily Office of the Roman Catholic Church According to the Anglican Use] - Online version of the Daily Office from the Book of Divine Worship an ecclesiatically approved variant on the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. *[http://DivineOffice.org Divine Office Ministry] A Catholic ministry providing free daily audio based on the English 1975 Liturgy of the Hours published by Catholic Book Publishing Company ;[[Liturujia ya Ugiriki|Madhehebu ya Kigiriki]] *[http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm Archbishop Averky &mdash; Liturgics, Retrieved 2011-12-28] *[http://www.liturgica.com/html/growO4.jsp?hostname=null Orthodox hours (first, third, sixth, and ninth), designed for personal use] {{Wayback|url=http://www.liturgica.com/html/growO4.jsp?hostname=null |date=20150518121717 }} *[http://www.anastasis.org.uk/horologion.htm An online copy of the Horologion, the Orthodox "Book of the Hours"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anastasis.org.uk/horologion.htm |date=20141008201816 }} *[http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/cycleofservices.htm Cycle of Services in the Eastern Orthodox Church] {{Wayback|url=http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/cycleofservices.htm |date=20080609194857 }} by Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes ;[[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] *[http://sor.cua.edu/Liturgy/SimplePrayer/index.html Liturgy of the Hours according to the rite of the Syriac Orthodox Church] *[http://www.agpeya.org/index.html Agpeya: Coptic Book of Hours] {{Wayback|url=http://www.agpeya.org/index.html |date=20210202015521 }} - for the [[Coptic Christianity|Coptic Orthodox Church]] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14413a.htm East Syrian Rite] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14417a.htm West Syrian Rite] ;[[Anglikana]] *[http://daily.commonworship.com/daily.cgi?/ Daily Prayer] - The Daily Office according to Common Worship Daily Prayer (2005) *[http://www.missionstclare.com/english/ The Daily Office Online] - Rite I, Rite II, Other Offices *[http://www.richardliantonio.com/blog/how-to-pray-the-daily-office-from-the-book-of-common-prayer/ How to Pray the Daily Office from the Book of Common Prayer] {{Wayback|url=http://www.richardliantonio.com/blog/how-to-pray-the-daily-office-from-the-book-of-common-prayer/ |date=20100302060157 }} *[http://www.liturgy.co.nz/ofthehours/resources.html Liturgy of the Hours] {{Wayback|url=http://www.liturgy.co.nz/ofthehours/resources.html |date=20140730220208 }} - Reflections and resources for Daily Prayer for all Christians *[http://www.anglicanbreviary.net The Anglican Breviary] ;[[Waprotestanti]] wengine *[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Book-of-Common-Worship-Daily-Prayer/271417426230500?sk=app_154272794636138/ Book of Common Worship Daily Prayer] [[Category:Liturujia|*]] [[Category:Sala]] [[Category:Maisha ya kiroho]] s0nt3qqeud0xbkpiy8lr02u1rgg1mid 0 90445 1590137 1585226 2026-08-22T00:59:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CCM]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Musoma Vijijini]] kwa miaka [[2015]] - [[2020]].<ref name="WikiMuhongo">Wikipedia. "Sospeter Muhongo".<ref name="AUProfileMuhongo">Aller & Abbey. "Inspiring Profile of Sospeter Muhongo – A Leading Geological Researcher in Africa". *African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation & Development*, Vol 2, No. 3, 2010. https://library.au.int/fr/inspiring-profile-sospeter-muhongo-leading-geological-researcher-africa-3</ref><ref name="DailyNewsEducation2024">Daily News (Tanzania). "Government, MP hailed for education initiatives". https://dailynews.co.tz/government-mp-hailed-for-education-initiatives/</ref><ref name="ReutersResign2015">Reuters (24 Jan 2015). "Tanzania energy minister quits over scandal, denies wrongdoing". https://news.trust.org/item/20150124103234-8hilb{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="MichuziMuhongo">Michuzi Blog (2023). "Hon. Prof. Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo – a trailblazer in geology, education and global leadership". https://www.michuzi.co.tz/2023/11/hon-prof-sospeter-mwijarubi-muhongo_83.html</ref><ref name="DiramakiniMuhongo">Diramakini (2023). "Hon. Prof Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo, a trailblazer in geology, education and global leadership". https://www.diramakini.co.tz/2023/11/honprof-sospeter-mwijarubi-muhongo.html</ref><ref name="MusomaMPBio">Musoma Vijijini Constituency. "Prof Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo – Mbunge wa Musoma Vijijini". https://www.musomavijijini.or.tz/sw/mbunge/</ref><ref name="PolisBudget2024">Bunge la Tanzania. "Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Wizara ya Viwanda na Biashara 2024/2025 – Prof. Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo". Bunge Polis. https://polis.bunge.go.tz/contributions/23702{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] 25a2jql6vzxqla9ruwdn5xgi3hlymwy 0 94741 1590192 1434074 2026-08-22T05:45:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umani''' (au '''Umanikeo''', kutoka [[jina]] la [[Kiingereza]] "Manicheism") ni [[dini]] iliyoanzishwa na [[Mani]] ([[216]]-[[274]] hivi) huko [[Mesopotamia]], wakati ilikuwa sehemu ya milki ya [[Uajemi]] katika [[karne ya 3]] [[BK]]. Mani alibuni dini yake kwa kusudi akilenga kuunganisha [[Uzoroasta]], [[Ukristo]] na [[Ubuddha]]. Alitazama ulimwengu kuwa na nguvu mbili ambazo ni mwanga na giza, sawa na mema na mabaya. Dini hiyo ilifuata [[ujuzilio]] na kuenea sana katika Uajemi, upande wa magharibi katika [[Dola la Roma]] na upande wa mashariki hadi [[China]]. Kati ya watu walioisadiki, maarufu zaidi ni [[Augustino wa Hippo]], aliyoifuata kwa miaka kadhaa kabla hajaongokea [[Ukristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na kutunga maandiko dhidi ya Umani. Katika karne zilizofuata, jina la "Umani" lilitumiwa na waandishi Wakristo dhidi ya mafundisho mbalimbali yaliyotazamiwa kama [[uzushi]] na kuonyesha tabia za uwili, hata kama hazikutokana na Umani wa kihistoria. == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09591a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia – Manichæism] public domain, published 1917. * [http://www.manichaeism.de International Association of Manichaean Studies] * [http://www.anchist.mq.edu.au/doccentre/Zayton.htm Manichaean and Christian Remains in Zayton (Quanzhou, South China)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anchist.mq.edu.au/doccentre/Zayton.htm |date=20080719190544 }} * [http://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism1.php Religions of Iran: Manichaeism] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/religions/articles/manichaeism1.php |date=20071218170011 }} by I.J.S. Taraporewala === Tafsiri za Kiingereza kwa vyanzo vya Kimani === * [http://gnosis.org/library/Mani.html A summary of the Manichaean creation myth] * [http://gnosis.org/library/manis.htm Manichaean Writings] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071206031128/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Manicheism/ Manicheism]. Complete bibliography and selection of Manichaean source texts in PDF format: ** [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Manicheism/Manicheism_I_Intro.pdf A thorough bibliography and outline of Manichaean Studies] ** [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Manicheism/Manicheism_II_Texts.pdf A number of key Manichaean texts in English translation] * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/giants/giants.htm The Book of the Giants] by [[W.B. Henning]], 1943 * [https://brill.com/view/serial/NHMS Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies] (NHMS) series from [[Brill Publishers|Brill]] (various volumes containing English translations of Manichaean texts) === Maandiko juu ya Umani === * [[s:Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I/Volume IV/Manichaean Controversy/Against the Epistle of Manichaeus/Chapter 1|St. Augustine Against the Fundamental Epistle of Manichaeus]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081223141441/http://www4.nau.edu/manichaean/acta.htm Acta Archelai] {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Dini]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Uajemi]] [[Jamii:Umani]] kjn7wqo7eqeqahu1p7o0nd7cpyo03o3 0 121926 1589999 1588911 2026-08-21T17:19:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589999 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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|date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 |- |'''Sinematografi''' |Christopher Wessels |- |'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] bcn0g3r40q1390g9ary2k7zs0sk4fxw 0 122623 1589955 1567841 2026-08-21T14:32:57Z Explicit 59906 +[[File:槙野智章選手（浦和レッズ）.jpg]] 1589955 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:槙野智章選手（浦和レッズ）.jpg|200px|right]] '''Tomoaki Makino''' (槙野 智章; alizaliwa [[11 Mei]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa [[Japani]]. Anachezea [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Japani|timu ya taifa ya Japani]]. Makino alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Japani|timu ya taifa ya Japani]] tarehe 6 Januari 2010 dhidi ya [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Yemen|Yemen]]. Makino alicheza Japani katika mechi 38, akifunga mabao 4.<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player}}</ref> ==Takwimu== <ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !colspan="3"|[[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Japani|Timu ya Taifa ya Japani]] |- !Mwaka||Mechi||Magoli |- |2010||4||0 |- |2011||4||0 |- |2012||3||1 |- |2013||3||0 |- |2014||0||0 |- |2015||8||1 |- |2016||2||0 |- |2017||4||1 |- |2018||8||1 |- |2019||2||0 |- !Jumla||38||4 |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Japani]] 3kjrumnub4ek4i9vqwqmbybw6vg3n1u 0 130767 1590327 1580183 2026-08-22T10:28:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Brébuef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg|thumb|Mt. Yohane alivyochorwa.]] [[image:North American Martyrs.jpg|200px|thumb|Wajesuiti [[wafiadini]] wa [[Amerika Kaskazini]].]] '''Yohane wa Brebeuf''', [[S.J.]] ([[Condé-sur-Vire]], [[Normandy]], [[Ufaransa]] [[25 Machi]] [[1593]] &ndash; karibu na [[Midland, Ontario]], [[Kanada]], [[16 Machi]] [[1649]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Wajesuiti]] [[mmisionari]] kwa [[Wahuroni]] wa [[Amerika Kaskazini]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1625]] (isipokuwa [[1629]] - [[1633]])<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brebeuf_jean_de_1E.html Dictionary of Canadian Biography Jean de Brébeuf]</ref>. Alikamatwa pamoja na [[Waindio]] hao, akateswa kikatili sana akauawa na [[Wairoki]], [[kabila]] lingine la Waindio<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92013</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Pius XI]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[21 Juni]] [[1925]], na kuwa [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[29 Juni]] [[1930]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://saltandlighttv.org/blogfeed/getpost.php?id=51412 |title=St. Jean de Brébeuf: Canadian Martyr |accessdate=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324185847/http://saltandlighttv.org/blogfeed/getpost.php?id=51412 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] ya [[kundi]] lake <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/29700</ref> la [[wafiadini]] huadhimishwa tarehe [[19 Oktoba]], lakini ya kwake mwenyewe huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 388-390 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 363-364 == Marejeo ya lugha nyingine== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |first=Carol |last=Blackburn |title=Harvest of Souls: The Jesuit Missions and Colonialism in North America, 1632–1650 |url={{google books|flS0Qh6qxf8C |plainurl=yes |page=88}} |location=Montréal |publisher=McGill–Queens University Press |date=2000 |isbn=0-7735-2047-3|}} * {{cite book |last=Brébeuf |first=J. |chapter=The Mission to the Hurons (1635–37) |editor-first=C.G. |editor-last=Calloway |title=First People: A Documentary of American Indian History |url=https://archive.org/details/firstpeoplesdocu0000call_u6u6 |edition=3rd |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Bedford |isbn=978-0-3126-5362-0 |date=2008 |}} * {{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=The Museum Called Canada: 25 Rooms of Wonder |publisher=Random House |date=2004 |isbn=0-6793-1220-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/museumcalledcana00gray}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Greer |editor-first=Allan |title=The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America |url=https://archive.org/details/jesuitrelationsn0000alla |location=Boston |publisher=Bedford/St. Martins |date=2000 |isbn=0-3122-2744-2}} * {{cite journal |last=Greer |first=Allan |title=Colonial Saints: Gender, Race and Hagiography in New France |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_william-and-mary-quarterly_2000-04_57_2/page/323 |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture |date=April 2000 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=323–348 |doi=10.2307/2674478 |jstor=2674478 |ref={{sfnRef|Greer|April 2000}} }} * {{cite journal |last=Leahey |first=Margaret J. |title='Comment peut un muet prescher l'évangile' Jesuit Missionaries and the Native Languages of New France |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_french-historical-studies_spring-1995_19_1/page/105 |journal=French Historical Studies |publisher=Duke University Press |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=105–131 |date=1995 |jstor=286901 |doi=10.2307/286901 |}} * {{cite book |last=McGee |first=Timothy J. |title=The Music of Canada |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |date=1985 |isbn=0-393-02279-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/musicofcanada0000mcge }} * {{cite news |title=8 Jesuit Martyrs Declared Saints |first1=Arnaldo |last1=Cortesi |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/30/archives/8-jesuit-martyrs-proclaimed-saints-first-from-north-america-are.html |date=30 June 1930 |ref={{sfnRef | NY Times | 30 June 1930}} | url-access = subscription }} * {{cite book |last=Parkman |first=Francis |title=The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century |location=Boston |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company |date=1888 |title-link=The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century}} * {{cite book |last=Talbot |first=Francis X. |title=Saint Among the Hurons: The Life of Jean de Brébeuf |url=https://archive.org/details/saintamonghurons00talb |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Brothers |date=1949 |}} * {{cite book |last=Trigger |first=Bruce |title=Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Reconsidered |url={{google books|fchA2Ker1vQC |plainurl=yes}} |location=Montreal|publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press |date=1986 |isbn=0-7735-0595-4 |}} {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons}} * Bimbenet-Privat, Michèle, « [http://rd.uqam.ca/ Le buste reliquaire de saint Jean de Brébeuf par Charles de Poilly (1664), Un chef-d'œuvre de l'orfèvrerie parisienne conservé au Québec] », Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France 1995, Paris, Édition-diffusion de Boccard, 1997, p.&nbsp;229-235, 4 ill. * Derome, Robert, « [http://rd.uqam.ca/ Le buste-reliquaire de saint Jean de Brébeuf, histoires et mythes] », Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France 1995, Paris, Édition-diffusion de Boccard, 1997, p.&nbsp;236-253, 6 ill. * Rev. [[Sabine Baring-Gould]] (M.A.). "THE JESUIT MARTYRS IN CANADA. (A.D. 1644-1649.)." In: ''[[:iarchive:TheLivesOfTheSaintsV08|The Lives of the Saints]].'' Volume the Eighth: July - Part II. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. pp.&nbsp;733–788. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brebeuf, Yohane wa}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1593]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1649]] [[Category:Wajesuiti]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wamisionari]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Kanada]] ls0biyoqw8e0t549qsnkm2ptyvckpao 1590333 1590327 2026-08-22T10:50:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Brébuef-jesuits04jesuuoft.jpg|thumb|Mt. Yohane alivyochorwa.]] [[image:North American Martyrs.jpg|200px|thumb|Wajesuiti [[wafiadini]] wa [[Amerika Kaskazini]].]] '''Yohane wa Brebeuf''', [[S.J.]] ([[Condé-sur-Vire]], [[Normandy]], [[Ufaransa]] [[25 Machi]] [[1593]] &ndash; karibu na [[Midland, Ontario]], [[Kanada]], [[16 Machi]] [[1649]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Wajesuiti]] [[mmisionari]] kwa [[Wahuroni]] wa [[Amerika Kaskazini]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1625]] (isipokuwa [[1629]] - [[1633]])<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brebeuf_jean_de_1E.html Dictionary of Canadian Biography Jean de Brébeuf]</ref>. Alikamatwa pamoja na [[Waindio]] hao, akateswa kikatili sana akauawa na [[Wairoki]], [[kabila]] lingine la Waindio<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92013</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Pius XI]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[21 Juni]] [[1925]], na kuwa [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[29 Juni]] [[1930]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://saltandlighttv.org/blogfeed/getpost.php?id=51412 |title=St. Jean de Brébeuf: Canadian Martyr |accessdate=2020-10-18 |archive-date=2023-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324185847/http://saltandlighttv.org/blogfeed/getpost.php?id=51412 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] ya [[kundi]] lake <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/29700</ref> la [[wafiadini]] huadhimishwa tarehe [[19 Oktoba]], lakini ya kwake mwenyewe huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 388-390 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 363-364 == Marejeo ya lugha nyingine== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |first=Carol |last=Blackburn |title=Harvest of Souls: The Jesuit Missions and Colonialism in North America, 1632–1650 |url={{google books|flS0Qh6qxf8C |plainurl=yes |page=88}} |location=Montréal |publisher=McGill–Queens University Press |date=2000 |isbn=0-7735-2047-3|}} * {{cite book |last=Brébeuf |first=J. |chapter=The Mission to the Hurons (1635–37) |editor-first=C.G. |editor-last=Calloway |title=First People: A Documentary of American Indian History |url=https://archive.org/details/firstpeoplesdocu0000call_u6u6 |edition=3rd |location=Boston, Massachusetts |publisher=Bedford |isbn=978-0-3126-5362-0 |date=2008 |}} * {{cite book |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |title=The Museum Called Canada: 25 Rooms of Wonder |publisher=Random House |date=2004 |isbn=0-6793-1220-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/museumcalledcana00gray}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Greer |editor-first=Allan |title=The Jesuit Relations: Natives and Missionaries in Seventeenth-Century North America |url=https://archive.org/details/jesuitrelationsn0000alla |location=Boston |publisher=Bedford/St. Martins |date=2000 |isbn=0-3122-2744-2}} * {{cite journal |last=Greer |first=Allan |title=Colonial Saints: Gender, Race and Hagiography in New France |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_william-and-mary-quarterly_2000-04_57_2/page/323 |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture |date=April 2000 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=323–348 |doi=10.2307/2674478 |jstor=2674478 |ref={{sfnRef|Greer|April 2000}} }} * {{cite journal |last=Leahey |first=Margaret J. |title='Comment peut un muet prescher l'évangile' Jesuit Missionaries and the Native Languages of New France |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_french-historical-studies_spring-1995_19_1/page/105 |journal=French Historical Studies |publisher=Duke University Press |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=105–131 |date=1995 |jstor=286901 |doi=10.2307/286901 |}} * {{cite book |last=McGee |first=Timothy J. |title=The Music of Canada |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |date=1985 |isbn=0-393-02279-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/musicofcanada0000mcge }} * {{cite news |title=8 Jesuit Martyrs Declared Saints |first1=Arnaldo |last1=Cortesi |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/30/archives/8-jesuit-martyrs-proclaimed-saints-first-from-north-america-are.html |date=30 June 1930 |ref={{sfnRef | NY Times | 30 June 1930}} | url-access = subscription }} * {{cite book |last=Parkman |first=Francis |title=The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century |location=Boston |publisher=Little, Brown, and Company |date=1888 |title-link=The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century}} * {{cite book |last=Talbot |first=Francis X. |title=Saint Among the Hurons: The Life of Jean de Brébeuf |url=https://archive.org/details/saintamonghurons00talb |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Brothers |date=1949 |}} * {{cite book |last=Trigger |first=Bruce |title=Natives and Newcomers: Canada's "Heroic Age" Reconsidered |url={{google books|fchA2Ker1vQC |plainurl=yes}} |location=Montreal|publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press |date=1986 |isbn=0-7735-0595-4 |}} {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons}} * Bimbenet-Privat, Michèle, « [http://rd.uqam.ca/ Le buste reliquaire de saint Jean de Brébeuf par Charles de Poilly (1664), Un chef-d'œuvre de l'orfèvrerie parisienne conservé au Québec] », Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France 1995, Paris, Édition-diffusion de Boccard, 1997, p.&nbsp;229-235, 4 ill. * Derome, Robert, « [http://rd.uqam.ca/ Le buste-reliquaire de saint Jean de Brébeuf, histoires et mythes] », Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France 1995, Paris, Édition-diffusion de Boccard, 1997, p.&nbsp;236-253, 6 ill. * Rev. [[Sabine Baring-Gould]] (M.A.). "THE JESUIT MARTYRS IN CANADA. (A.D. 1644-1649.)." In: ''[[:iarchive:TheLivesOfTheSaintsV08|The Lives of the Saints]].'' Volume the Eighth: July - Part II. London: John C. Nimmo, 1898. pp.&nbsp;733–788. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brebeuf, Yohane wa}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1593]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1649]] [[Category:Wajesuiti]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wamisionari]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Kanada]] 1dabefe0y5plserfdpdvc1w7zhg4mak 0 134301 1590181 1532565 2026-08-22T04:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Toribio de Astorga (cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|Sanamu ya Mt. Toribi katika [[kanisa kuu]] la Astorga.]] '''Turibi wa Astorga''' ([[402]] hivi - [[Astorga]], [[Hispania]], [[476]] hivi) alikuwa kwanza [[mkaapweke]], halafu [[askofu]] wa [[mji]] huo ambaye alipambana na [[uzushi]] wa [[Waprisiliani]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091224170713/http://canales.eldiariomontanes.es/especiales/jubileo/puert03.htm</ref>, [[Wamani]], [[Waario]], [[Wapelaji]] pia kwa agizo la [[Papa Leo I]] ambaye [[barua]] aliyomuandikia imetufikia<ref>Epistula 15: Ad Turibium Asturiensem episcopum de priscillianistarum erronibus: {{cite book|last=Pope Leo I|author-link=Pope Leo I|title=Patrologiae cursus completus|editor=J.-P. Migne|publisher=Garnier Frères|series=Series Latina|volume=54|pages=693–695}}</ref><ref>{{CathEncy| wstitle=Pope St. Leo I (the Great)| title =Pope St. Leo I| first =J.P. | last = Kirsch | authorlink = | accessdate =2009-02-07}}</ref>. Tangu zamani anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92779</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] [[tarehe]] [[16 Aprili]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite book|last=Butler|first=Alban |title=The lives of the fathers, martyrs, and other principal saints|editor=John Murphy|year=1861|volume=IV|chapter=St. Turibius, Bishop of Astorga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YHgTAAAAQAAJ|isbn=0-559-17704-6}} *{{cite book|last=Fleury|first=Claude |author-link=Claude Fleury |title=The Ecclesiastical History of M. L'abbé Fleury: From A.D. 429 to A.D. 456|editor=John Henry Newman|editor-link=John Henry Newman|publisher=J.H. Parker|location=Oxford|year=1844|url=https://archive.org/details/ecclesiasticalh02newmgoog}} *{{cite book | last = Walsh | first = John | title = Relic and Literature: St Toribius of Astorga and his arca sancta | publisher = David Hook | location = St Albans| year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-9517564-1-6 }} *{{cite journal|last=González García|first=Miguel Ángel|year=1993|title=Iconografía De Santo Toribio De Astorga. Geografía Y Fuentes|journal=Cuadernos de Arte e Iconografia|volume=4|issue=11|url=http://www.fuesp.com/revistas/pag/cai1151.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616092318/http://www.fuesp.com/revistas/pag/cai1151.htm|archive-date=2008-06-16}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2393 Catholic Online: Turibius of Astorga] *[http://canales.eldiariomontanes.es/especiales/jubileo/puert03.htm Año Jubilar Lebaniego: Santo Toribio, Obispo] {{Wayback|url=http://canales.eldiariomontanes.es/especiales/jubileo/puert03.htm |date=20091224170713 }} *[http://www.valdefuentesdelparamo.com/paginas/curiosidades/toribio2.html Santo Toribio de Astorga, aproximación a una biografía] {{Wayback|url=http://www.valdefuentesdelparamo.com/paginas/curiosidades/toribio2.html |date=20220223044627 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 402]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 476]] [[Jamii:Wakaapweke]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] 5o5hkf952o5lffigeh7piyi1nmm10hs 0 149695 1590182 1527618 2026-08-22T04:52:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590182 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sherehe ya mwisho ya muziki wa Ghoema''' Ni [[tuzo]] ya [[muziki]] inayotolewa nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] ili kutambua mafanikio na michango ya Wanamuziki wa kiafrika, tuzo hizi ilianza kutolewa mnamo mwaka [[2012]] na hutolewa na ''Goeth Trus'', sherehe za utoaji wa tuzo hizi hufanyika kila mwaka katika mwezi [[Machi]]..<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://ghoema.co.za/oor-die-ghoemas-2/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2019-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420104355/http://ghoema.co.za/oor-die-ghoemas-2/ }}</ref> ==Historia== Tuzo za Goema zilianza kutolea rasmi mnamo mnamo [[12 Machi]] [[2012]] katika wa [[Johannesburg]] nchini [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika ya Kusini]]. ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://kyknet.dstv.com/2012/03/12/ghoema-toekennings-hiers-die-wenners/ 2012 Ghoema Music Awards Winners] {{Wayback|url=http://kyknet.dstv.com/2012/03/12/ghoema-toekennings-hiers-die-wenners/ |date=20160303215152 }} *[http://maroelamedia.co.za/blog/nuus/fotos-2012-se-ghoema-wenners/ Foto's: 2012 se Ghoema-wenners] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120418090230/http://www.voelgoed.co.za/index.php/cms/contentview/action/view/frmCategoryId/60/frmContentId/7584/Title/GHOEMA-TOEKENNINGS-2012 Ghoema-toekennings 2012] *[http://samusiczone.co.za/2012/03/samzone-podcast-7-ramfest-review-ghoemas-dhf-being-gatvol/ SA Music Zone] {{Wayback|url=http://samusiczone.co.za/2012/03/samzone-podcast-7-ramfest-review-ghoemas-dhf-being-gatvol/ |date=20120512142347 }} *[http://www.easterntimes.co.za/ghoema-toekennings-is-hier/ Ghoema-toekennings is hier] {{Wayback|url=http://www.easterntimes.co.za/ghoema-toekennings-is-hier/ |date=20230226074221 }} *[https://archive.today/20130422021354/http://museonline.co.za/tag/ghoema-afrikaans-music/ Ghoema Afrikaans music] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120602060848/http://www.jacarandafm.com/kagiso/content/en/jacaranda/jacaranda-station-events?oid=1539000&sn=Detail&pid=256859&Ghoema-Afrikaanse-Musiektoekennings- Ghoema Afrikaanse Musiektoekennings] *[http://www.whatson.co.za/details.php?id=67104&event=Ghoema%20Music%20Awards Ghoema music awards] {{Wayback|url=http://www.whatson.co.za/details.php?id=67104&event=Ghoema%20Music%20Awards |date=20160304032524 }} *[http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/2012/02/17/ghoema-2012-afrikaans-music-awards Ghoema 2012 Afrikaans music awards] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:1lib1ref 2023]] 8sijgspwe4icd7uv2cbzq8l3v7f98qd 0 149707 1590180 1527583 2026-08-22T04:44:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tunes Tuzo za Muziki za Liberia''' ni [[sherehe]] za [[tuzo]] za [[muziki]] za nchini [[Liberia]] zinazoandaliwa kila mwaka kwa mafanikio ya muziki katika [[tasnia ya muziki]] ya Liberia, hafla ya tuzo ilianzishwa mnamo [[2018]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tunes Liberia Music Awards -2020 Nominations up – Liberia Broadcasting System (LBS)|url=https://elbcradio.com/2020/01/15/tunes-liberia-music-awards-2020-nominations-up/|accessdate=2022-05-07|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016154757/https://elbcradio.com/2020/01/15/tunes-liberia-music-awards-2020-nominations-up/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TunesLiberia Hosts Music Awards Next Month|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/entertainment/tunesliberia-hosts-music-awards-next-month/|work=FrontPageAfrica|accessdate=2022-05-07|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524201308/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/entertainment/tunesliberia-hosts-music-awards-next-month/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Complete list of TunesLiberia Awards Winners ( See photos)|url=https://liberianstarsviews.com/entertainment/complete-list-of-tunesliberia-awards-winners-see-photos/|work=Liberian Stars View|date=2018-02-25|accessdate=2022-05-07|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527180240/https://liberianstarsviews.com/entertainment/complete-list-of-tunesliberia-awards-winners-see-photos/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TunesLiberia Music Awards 2018 Opens For Public Nominations|url=https://musicliberia.com/tunesliberia-music-awards-2018-opens-for-public-nominations/|work=MusicLiberia.com|date=2018-12-31|accessdate=2022-05-07|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Liberia set to host music awards|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/liberia-set-host-music-awards|work=Music In Africa|date=2018-02-20|accessdate=2022-05-07|language=en}}</ref> Washindi hupokea sanamu iliyopambwa kwa [[dhahabu]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]] tro82ofqii49bf0q5o2wbgef28kb276 0 178701 1590161 1526829 2026-08-22T02:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590161 wikitext text/x-wiki Katika [[fonetiki]] na [[fonolojia]], '''tashdidi''' au '''kurefusha konsonanti''', ni utamkaji wa [[konsonanti]] kwa muda mrefu zaidi kuliko ule wa konsonanti moja. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Mitterer|first=Holger|date=2018-04-27|title=The singleton-geminate distinction can be rate dependent: Evidence from Maltese|journal=Laboratory Phonology|language=en|publisher=[[Association for Laboratory Phonology]]|volume=9|issue=1|page=6|doi=10.5334/labphon.66|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ni tofauti na [[mkazo]]. Tashdidi huwakilishwa katika mifumo mingi ya uandishi kwa herufi pacha na mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa ni marudufu ya konsonanti. <ref name="ham">William Ham, ''Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of Geminate Timing'', p. 1–18</ref> Baadhi ya nadharia za kifonolojia hutumia 'kuongezeka maradufu' kama kisawe cha tashdidi, wakati nyingine zinaelezea matukio mawili tofauti. <ref name="ham" /> Urefu wa konsonanti ni kipengele bainifu katika lugha kadhaa, kama vile [[Kiarabu]], [[Tamazight|Kiberber]], [[Kidenmark|Kideni]] , [[Kiestonia]], [[Kifini]], [[Kihindi]], [[Kihungaria]], [[Kiitalia]], [[Kijapani]], [[Kikannada]], [[Kimalayalam]], [[Kipunjabi cha Mashariki|Kipunjabi]], [[Kipoland|Kipolandi]] na [[Kituruki]]. Tashdidi ya konsonanti na urefu wa irabu hujitegemea katika lugha kama Kiarabu, Kijapani, Kifini na Kiestonia; lakini katika lugha kama Kiitalia, [[Kinorwei]] na [[Kiswidi]], urefu wa irabu na urefu wa konsonanti hutegemeana. Kwa mfano, katika Kinorwei na Kiswidi, konsonanti yenye tashdidi hutanguliwa na irabu fupi, huku konsonanti ambayo haina tashdidi hutanguliwa na irabu ndefu. Mfano ni katika maneno ya Kinorwei ''{{Lang|no|tak}}'' [ tɑːk ] ('dari au paa' la jengo), na ''{{Lang|no|takk}}'' [ tɑkː ] ('asante'). == Fonolojia == Tashdidi ya konsonanti hubainika katika baadhi ya lugha na kisha huathiriwa na vikwazo mbalimbali vya kifonolojia vinavyotegemea lugha husika. Katika baadhi ya lugha, kama vile Kiitalia, Kiswidi, [[Kifaroe]], [[Kiiceland|Kiaislandi]], na [[Kiganda (lugha)|Kiganda]], urefu wa konsonanti na urefu wa irabu hutegemeana. Irabu fupi katika silabi iliyosisitizwa karibu kila mara hutangulia konsonanti ndefu au msongamano wa konsonanti, na irabu ndefu lazima ifuatwe na konsonanti fupi. Katika lugha zingine, kama vile [[Kifini]], urefu wa konsonanti na urefu wa irabu hazitegemeani. Mfano; {{Lang|fi|taka}} {{IPA|/taka/}} 'nyuma', {{Lang|fi|takka}} {{IPA|/takːa/}} 'mekoni' na {{Lang|fi|taakka}} {{IPA|/taːkːa/}} 'mzigo' ni maneno tofauti, yasiyohusiana. Urefu wa konsonanti za Kifini pia huathiriwa na upangaji wa konsonanti. Katika baadhi ya maneno ambatani ya Kifini, ikiwa neno la awali linaishia kwa {{Lang|fi|e}} , konsonanti ya awali ya neno lifuatalo litakuwa na tahsdidi: ''{{Lang|fi|jätesäkki}}'' 'mfuko wa takataka' {{IPA|[jætesːækːi]}} , ''{{Lang|fi|tervetuloa}}'' 'karibu' {{IPA|[terʋetːuloa]}}. Katika hali kadhaa, {{Lang|fi|v}} baada ya {{Lang|fi|u}} inapewa tashdidi na watu wengi: ''{{Lang|fi|ruuvi}}'' 'screw' {{IPA|/ruːʋːi/}} , ''{{Lang|fi|vauva}}'' 'mtoto' {{IPA|[ʋauʋːa]}}. Katika lahaja [[Tampere|ya Tampere]], ikiwa neno linapokea tashdidi ya {{Lang|fi|v}} baada ya {{Lang|fi|u}} , {{Lang|fi|u}} mara nyingi hufutwa ( ''{{Lang|fi|ruuvi}}'' {{IPA|[ruʋːi]}} , ''{{Lang|fi|vauva}}'' {{IPA|[ʋaʋːa]}}), na kwa mfano, ''{{Lang|fi|lauantai}}'' 'Jumamosi', inapokea {{Lang|fi|v}} {{IPA|[lauʋantai]}}, ambayo inaweza kusababisha kufutwa kwa {{Lang|fi|u}} ( {{IPA|[laʋːantai]}}). Urefu bainifu wa konsonanti kwa kawaida huwekwa kwa konsonanti fulani pekee. Kuna lugha chache sana ambazo zina urefu wa konsonanti za mwanzo/awali; miongoni mwao ni [[Kimalay cha Pattani]], [[Kichuuk]], [[Kiarabu cha Moroko]], [[Lugha za Kirumi|lugha chache za Kirumi]] kama vile [[Kisisili]] na [[Kinapoli]] pamoja na lahaja nyingi za [[Kialemani|Kijerumani cha juu cha Kialemani]], na ile ya jimbo la [[Thurgau]] nchini Uswisi. Baadhi ya [[Lugha za Afrika]], kama vile [[Kitswana]] na Kiganda, pia zina urefu wa konsonanti za mwanzo: ni kawaida sana katika Kiganda na huonyesha sifa fulani [[Sarufi|kisarufi]]. Katika Kifini cha mazungumzo na Kiitalia, konsonanti ndefu hutokea katika hali maalum. == Mifano == === Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia === ==== Kiarabu ==== [[Kiarabu]] kilichoandikwa kinaonyesha tashdidi kwa alama ( ḥaraka ) yenye umbo la herufi ndogo ya Kilatini ''w'', inayoitwa {{Lang|ar|شَدَّة}} [[shadda]] : {{Lang|ar|ّ&nbsp;}}. Inandikwa juu ya konsonanti inayotakiwa kuwa na tashdidi. Shadda mara nyingi hutumika [[Utata|kutofautisha]] maneno ambayo hutofautiana tu katika urudufu wa konsonanti ambapo neno lililokusudiwa halieleweki wazi kutokana na muktadha. Kwa mfano, katika Kiarabu, vitenzi [[Vitenzi vya Kiarabu|vya umbo la kwanza]] na vitenzi [[Vitenzi vya Kiarabu|vya umbo la pili]] hutofautiana tu katika urudufu wa konsonanti ya kati ya mzizi wa utatu katika umbo la mwisho''. Mfano'', {{Lang|ar|درس}} darasa (lenye alama kamili: {{Lang|ar|دَرَسَ}}) ni kitenzi cha umbo la kwanza chenye maana ''ya kusoma'', ambapo {{Lang|ar|درّس}} darrasa (lenye alama kamili: {{Lang|ar|دَرَّسَ}}) ni kitenzi cha umbo la pili kinacholingana, chenye konsonanti r ya kati, kupewa maradufu kumaanisha ''kufundisha'' . ==== Kitamzighi ==== Katika [[Tamazight|Kitamazighi]], kila konsonanti ina mwenza wake wa tashdidi, na tashdidi huleta tofauti kimsamiati. Tofauti kati ya konsonanti ya pekee na ya tashdidi inathibitishwa katika nafasi ya kati ya neno na vile vile katika nafasi za mwanzo na za mwisho. * ini 'sema' * inni 'ambao' * akal 'ardhi, udongo' * akkal 'hasara' * imi 'mdomo' * immi 'mama' * ifis 'fisi' * ifiss 'alikuwa kimya' * tamda 'dimbwi, ziwa' * tamedda 'shakivale, kipanga' === Lugha za Kiaustronesia === [[Lugha za Kiaustronesia]] nchini [[Ufilipino]], [[Mikronesia]] na [[Sulawesi]] zinajulikana kuwa na konsonanti zenye tashdidi <ref name="Blust2013">Blust, Robert. (2013). ''The Austronesian Languages (Rev. ed.)''. Australian National University.</ref> ==== Kikavalani ==== [[Lugha za Formosan|Lugha ya Kiformosane]] [[Kikavalan]]<nowiki/>i hutumia tashdidi kuashiria ukubwa, kama ilivyo kwa {{Lang|ckv|sukaw}} 'mbaya' dhidi ya {{Lang|ckv|sukkaw}} 'mbaya sana'. <ref name="Blust2013">Blust, Robert. (2013). ''The Austronesian Languages (Rev. ed.)''. Australian National University.</ref> ==== Lahaja za Kimalei ==== Tashdidi ya neno-awali hutokea katika lahaja mbalimbali za [[Kimalay|Kimalei]], hasa zile zinazopatikana katika pwani ya mashariki ya [[Rasi ya Malay|Rasi ya Malei]] kama vile [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kimalei cha Kelantan-Patani]] na [[Terengganu Malay|Kimalei cha Terengganu]] . <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Yupho|first=Nawanit|date=6 February 1989|title=Consonant Clusters and Stress Rules in Pattani Malay|journal=Mon-Khmer Studies|pages=129–133|via=SEAlang}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nawawi|first=Nazarina|date=14 January 2013|title=Kajian Dialek Trengganu|url=http://www.slideshare.net/nazarinanawawi/kajian-dialek-trengganu|accessdate=7 June 2021|work=slideshare|language=ms}}</ref> Tashdidi katika lahaja hizi za Kimalei hutokea kwa madhumuni mbalimbali kama vile: * Ili kuunda neno fupi au kirai: ** {{Lang|ms|buwi}} {{IPA|/buwi/}} > {{IPA|/wːi/}} 'toa' ** {{Lang|ms|ke darat}} {{IPA|/kə darat/}} > {{IPA|/dːarat/}} 'kwenda/kwa/kutoka ufukweni' * Ubadilishaji wa urudufishaji kwa matumizi yake mbalimbali (kama kuashiria wingi, kuunda neno tofauti, n.k.) katika Kimalei sanifu: ** {{Lang|ms|budak-budak}} {{IPA|/budak budak/}} > {{IPA|/bːudak/}} 'watoto' ** {{Lang|ms|layang-layang}} {{IPA|/lajaŋ lajaŋ/}} > {{IPA|/lːajaŋ/}} 'kishada ==== Kituvalu ==== [[Lugha za Kipolinesia|Lugha ya Kipolinesia]] [[Kituvaluani|ya Kituvalu]] huruhusu tashdidi za neno-awali, kama vile {{Lang|tvl|mmala}} 'imepikwa kupita kiasi'. <ref name="Jack">{{Rejea kitabu|title=An introduction to Tuvaluan|last=Jackson|first=Geoff and Jenny|publisher=Suva: Oceania Printers|year=1999}}</ref> === Lugha za Kihindi-kiulaya === ==== Kiingereza ==== Katika [[fonolojia ya Kiingereza]], urefu wa konsonanti hautofautishi ndani ya [[Mzizi|mzizi wa maneno]] . Kwa mfano, ''baggage'' hutamkwa / ˈbæ ɡ ɪ dʒ /, si {{IPA|*/bæɡːɪdʒ/}}. Hata hivyo, tashdidi ya kifonetiki hutokea kwa kiasi kidogo. Tashdidi hupatikana katika maneno na mofimu wakati konsonanti ya mwisho katika neno fulani na konsonanti ya kwanza katika neno lifuatalo ni sawa [[Mzunguko|frikativo]], [[Konsonanti ya pua|nazali]] au [[Acha konsonanti|infijari]]. <ref name="benhedia">{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/221|title=Gemination and degemination in English affixation: Investigating the interplay between morphology, phonology and phonetics|vauthors=Ben Hedia S|date=2019|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=978-3-96110-188-7|location=Berlin|format=pdf|doi=10.5281/zenodo.3232849|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kwa mfano: * b: ''subbasement'' {{IPA|[ˌsʌbˈbeɪsmənt]}} * d: ''midday'' {{IPA|[mɪdˈdeɪ]}} * f: ''life force'' {{IPA|[ˈlaɪfˈfors]}} * g: ''egg girl'' {{IPA|[ˈɛɡ.ɡɝl]}} * k: ''bookkeeper'' {{IPA|[bʊk̚kiː.pə(ɹ)]}} * l: ''guileless'' {{IPA|[ˈɡaɪl.ləs]}} * m: ''calm man'' {{IPA|[ˌkɑːmˈmæn]}} or ''roommate'' {{IPA|[ˈrum.meɪt]}} (katika baadhi ya lahaja) or ''prime minister'' {{IPA|[ˌpɻaɪmˈmɪnɪstəɹ]}} * n: ''evenness'' {{IPA|[ˈiːvənnəs]}} * p: ''lamppost'' {{IPA|[ˈlæmp̚poʊst]}} (cf. lamb post, compost) * r: ''interregnum'' {{IPA|[ˌɪntəɹˈɹɛɡnəm]}} or ''fire road'' {{IPA|[ˈfaɪəɹ.ɹoʊd]}} * s: ''misspell'' {{IPA|[ˌmɪsˈspɛl]}} or ''this saddle'' {{IPA|[ðɪsˈsædəl]}} * sh: ''fish shop'' {{IPA|[ˈfɪʃ.ʃɒp]}} * t: ''cattail'' {{IPA|[ˈkæt̚teɪl]}} * th: ''both thighs'' {{IPA|[boʊθ'θaɪz]}} * v: ''live voter'' {{IPA|[ˈlaɪv.vəʊtə(ɹ)]}} * z: ''pays zero'' {{IPA|[peɪzˈziːˈɹo]}} Kwenye [[Africate|konsonanti za afrikato]], hii haitokei. Kwa mfano: * ''orange juice'' {{IPA|[ˈɒɹɪndʒ.dʒuːs]}} Mara nyingi, kutokuwepo kwa urudufu huu haiathiri maana, ingawa inaweza kumchanganya msikilizaji kwa muda. Zifuatazo zinawakilisha mifano ambapo uwepo wa urudufu ''unaathiri'' maana katika lafudhi nyingi: * ''ten nails'' versus ''ten ales'' * ''this sin'' versus ''this inn'' * ''five valleys'' versus ''five alleys'' * ''his zone'' versus ''his own'' * ''mead day'' versus ''me-day'' * ''unnamed'' {{IPA|[ʌnˈneɪmd]}} versus ''unaimed'' {{IPA|[ʌnˈeɪmd]}} * ''forerunner'' {{IPA|[ˈfɔːɹˌɹənəɹ]}} versus ''foreigner'' {{IPA|[ˈfɔːɹənəɹ]}} (katika baadhi ya lafudhi za Kiingereza cha Marekani) Katika baadhi ya lahaja tashdidi pia hupatikana katika baadhi ya maneno wakati kiambishi tamati ''-ly'' kinapofuata mzizi unaoishia kwa -l au -ll, kama katika: * ''solely'' {{IPA|[ˈsoʊl.li]}} lakini sivyo * ''usually'' {{IPA|[ˈjuːʒ(ʊə)li]}} ==== Kifaransa ==== Katika Kifaransa, tashdidi kwa kawaida haihusiki kifonolojia na kwa hivyo hairuhusu maneno kutofautishwa: mara nyingi inalingana na lafudhi ya kusisitiza ( {{Lang|fr|c'est terrifiant}} nilitambua {{IPA|[ˈtɛʁ.ʁi.fjɑ̃]}}), au hukutana na vigezo vya urekebishaji mwingi: mtu "husahihisha" matamshi ya mtu, licha ya fonolojia ya kawaida, kuwa karibu na utambuzi ambao mtu hufikiria kuwa sahihi zaidi: kwa hivyo, neno ''illusion'' wakati mwingine hutamkwa {{IPA|[il.lyˈzjɔ̃]}} kwa ushawishi wa tahajia. Hata hivyo, tashdidi inaleta utofauti katika visa vichache. Kauli kama vile ''{{Lang|fr|elle a dit}}'' ('alisema(ke)') ~ ''{{Lang|fr|elle l'a dit}}'' ('alikisema(ke)') {{IPA|/ɛl a di/}} ~ {{IPA|/ɛl l‿a di/}} kawaida inaweza kutofautishwa kwa tashdidi. Katika matamshi endelevu zaidi, tashdidi hutofautisha hali ya masharti (na pengine ya wakati ujao) na isiyo kamilifu: ''{{Lang|fr|courrai}}'' 'nitakimbia' {{IPA|/kuʁ.ʁɛ/}} {{IPA|/kuʁ.ʁɛ/}} dhidi ya ''{{Lang|fr|courais}}'' 'nilikimbia' {{IPA|/ku.ʁɛ/}} {{IPA|/ku.ʁɛ/}}. ==== Kigiriki ==== Katika [[Kigiriki cha Kale]], urefu wa konsonanti ulikuwa tofauti, kwa mfano, {{Lang|grc|μέ'''λ'''ω}} {{IPA|[mélɔː]}} 'Nina maslahi' dhidi ya {{Lang|grc|μέ'''λλ'''ω}} {{IPA|[mélːɔː]}} 'Naenda'. Tofauti imepotea katika [[Kigiriki cha kisasa]] na [[Aina za Kigiriki cha kisasa|lahaja]] nyingine nyingi, isipokuwa [[Kigiriki cha Cyprus|lahaja ya Kupro]], baadhi ya lahaja za kusini mashariki mwa Aegea na Italia. ==== Kihindustani ==== Tashdidi ni kawaida katika [[Kihindi]] na [[Kiurdu]]. Haitokei baada ya irabu ndefu na hupatikana katika maneno ya asili ya Kiindi na Kiarabu, lakini si katika yale ya asili ya Kiajemi. Katika Kiurdu, tashdidi inawakilishwa na alama ya Shadda, ambayo ni kawaida kuachwa katika maandishi, huwa inaandikwa pale ambapo kuna utata. Katika Kihindi, tashdidi inawakilishwa kwa kufanya urudufu wa konsonanti, iliyoambatanishwa na alama ya Virama . {| class="wikitable" !Unukuzi ! Kihindi ! Kiurdu ! Maana ! Etimolojia |- | pa'''tt'''ā | {{Lang|hi|पत्ता}} | {{Lang|ur|پَتَّہ}} | 'jani' | [[Kisanskrit|Kisanskriti]] |- | a'''bb'''ā | {{Lang|hi|अब्बा}} | {{Lang|ur|اَبّا}} | 'baba' | rowspan="2" | [[Kiarabu]] |- | da'''jj'''al | {{Lang|hi|दज्जाल}} | {{Lang|ur|دَجّال}} | 'mpinga kristo' |- | ḍabbā | {{Lang|hi|डब्बा}} | {{Lang|ur|ڈَبَّہ}} | 'sanduku' | [[Kisanskrit]]<nowiki/>i |- | ja'''nn'''at | {{Lang|hi|जन्नत}} | {{Lang|ur|جَنَّت}} | 'mbinguni' | [[Kiarabu]] |- | ga'''dd'''ā | {{Lang|hi|गद्दा}} | {{Lang|ur|گَدّا}} | 'godoro' | [[Kisanskrit]]<nowiki/>i |} ==== Kiitaliano ==== Kiitaliano kinajulikana kati ya [[lugha za Kirumi]] kwa konsonanti zake nyingi zenye tashdidi. Katika [[Kiitalia|Kiitaliano Sanifu]], tashdidi huandikwa kwa konsonanti mbili, na tashdidi huanisha tofauti katika maana. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dizionario.rai.it/static.aspx?treeID=25|title=Raddoppiamenti di vocali e di consonanti|year=2009|work=Dizionario italiano d'ortografia e pronunzia (DOP)|publisher=[[RAI]]|accessdate=November 11, 2009|archivedate=June 30, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630213933/http://www.dizionario.rai.it/static.aspx?treeID=25}}</ref> Kwa mfano, {{Lang|it|bevve}}, ikimaanisha 'alikunywa', huku {{Lang|it|beve}} ('anakunywa'), Konsonanti mbili au ndefu hutokea si tu ndani ya maneno bali pia katika mipaka ya maneno, na kisha hutamkwa lakini si lazima kuandikwa: ''{{Lang|it|chi}}+ {{Lang|it|sa}}'' ''= {{Lang|it|chissà}}'' ('nani anajua') [kisˈsa] na ''{{Lang|it|vado a casa}}'' ('Naenda nyumbani') [ˈvaːdo a kˈkaːsa]. Konsonanti zote isipokuwa /z/ zinaweza kupata tashdidi. ==== Kilatini ==== Katika [[Kilatini]], urefu wa konsonanti ulileta tofauti, kama katika neno ''{{Lang|la|a'''n'''us}}'' 'mzee mwanamke' na ''{{Lang|la|a'''nn'''us}}'' 'mwaka'. Tashdidi zilizorithiwa kutoka Kilatini bado zipo katika [[Kiitalia|Kiitaliano]], ambapo {{IPA|[ˈanno]}} ''{{Lang|it|anno}}'' na {{IPA|[ˈaːno]}} ''{{Lang|it|ano}}'' zatofautiana {{IPA|/nn/}} na {{IPA|/n/}} kama katika Kilatini. Imekaribia kupotea kabisa katika [[Kifaransa]] na imepotea kabisa katika [[Kiromania]]. ==== Kinepali ==== Katika [[Kinepali]], konsonanti zote zina konsonanti za tashdidi isipokuwa {{IPA|/w, j, ɦ/}}. Tashdidi hutokea tu kati ya neno. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Khatiwada|first=Rajesh|date=December 2009|title=Nepali|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|language=en|volume=39|issue=3|pages=373–380|doi=10.1017/S0025100309990181|issn=0025-1003|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mifano: * {{Lang|Ne|समान}} – 'equal' [sʌmän]; {{Lang|Ne|सम्मान}} [sʌmːän] – 'heshima' * {{Lang|Ne|सता}} – 'disturb!' [sʌt̪ä]; {{Lang|Ne|सत्ता}} [sʌt̪ːä] – 'mamlaka' * {{Lang|Ne|पका}} – 'cook!' [pʌkä]; {{Lang|Ne|पक्का}} [pʌkːä] – 'yakini' ==== Kinorwe ==== Katika [[Kinorwei|Kinorwe]], tashdidi inaonyeshwa kwa maandishi na konsonanti mbili. Tashdidi mara nyingi hutofautisha kati ya maneno yasiyohusiana. Kama ilivyo kwa Kiitaliano, Kinorwe hutumia fupi kabla ya konsonanti mbili zilizoongozana na irabu ndefu kabla ya konsonanti moja. Kuna tofauti kati ya irabu fupi na ndefu: * {{Lang|no|måte}} [ˈmôːtə] / {{Lang|no|måtte}} [ˈmɔ̂tːə] – 'mbinu' / 'lazima' * {{Lang|no|lete}} [ˈlêːtə] / {{Lang|no|lette}} [ˈlɛ̂tːə] – 'kutafuta' / 'kuondoka' * {{Lang|no|sine}} [ˈsîːnə] / {{Lang|no|sinne}} [ˈsɪ̂nːə] – 'yao' / 'hasira' ==== Kirusi ==== Kwa [[Kirusi]], urefu wa konsonanti unaonyeshwa kwa herufi mbili, kama ilivyo kwa {{Lang|ru|ва'''нн'''а}} {{IPA|[ˈva'''nn'''ə]}} 'bafu'). Hii inaweza kutokea katika hali kadhaa. ==== Kihispania ==== Kuna konsonanti za tashdidi katika Kihispania cha Karibea kutokana na unyambulishaji wa /l/ na /ɾ/ katika konsonanti ya silabi kwa konsonanti zifuatazo. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Arias|first=Álvaro|date=2019|title=Fonética y fonología de las consonantes geminadas en el español de Cuba|url=https://revistas.usc.gal/index.php/moenia/article/view/6474/9974|journal=Moenia}} 25, 465-497</ref> Mifano ya Kihispania cha Kuba: {| |+ | /l/ au /r/ + /f/ | → | [ff] | a[ff]iler, hue[ff]ano | (Sp. {{Lang|es|alfiler}}, {{Lang|es|huérfano}} ) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /h/ | → | [ɦh] | ana[ɦh]ésico, vi[ɦh]en | (Sp. {{Lang|es|analgésico}}, {{Lang|es|virgen}}) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /b/ | → | [bb] | si[bb]a, cu[bb]a | (Sp. {{Lang|es|silba}} au {{Lang|es|sirva}}, {{Lang|es|curva}}) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /d/ | → | [DD] | ce[dd]a, acue[dd]o | (Sp. {{Lang|es|celda}} au {{Lang|es|cerda}}, {{Lang|es|acuerdo}}) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /g/ | → | [gg] | pu[gg]a, la[gg]a | (Sp. {{Lang|es|pulga}} au {{Lang|es|purga}}, {{Lang|es|larga}}) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /m/ | → | [mm] | ca[mm]a, a[mm]a | (Sp. {{Lang|es|calma}}, {{Lang|es|alma}} au {{Lang|es|arma}}) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /n/ | → | [nn] | pie[nn]a, ba[nn]eario | (Sp. {{Lang|es|pierna}}, {{Lang|es|balneario}}) |- | /l/ au /r/ + /l/ | → | [ll] | bu[ll]a, cha[ll]a | (Sp. {{Lang|es|burla}}, {{Lang|es|charla}}) |} === Kiganda === Kiganda si cha kawaida kwa kuwa tashdidi inaweza kutokea sehemu ya neno-awalii, pamoja na neno-kati. Kwa mfano, /kːapa/ kkapa 'paka', /ɟːaɟːa/ jjajja 'babu' na /ɲːabo/ nnyabo 'bibiye' zote huanza na konsonanti yenye tashdidi. Kuna konsonanti tatu ambazo haziwezi kuwa na tashdidi: /j/, /w/ na /l/. Wakati wowote kanuni za kimofolojia zinapohitaji kuzipa tashdidi konsonanti hizi, /j/ na /w/ zinaainishwa na /ɡ/, na /l/ hadi /d/. Kwa mfano: * {{Lang|lg|-ye}} {{IPA|/je/}} 'army' (root) > {{Lang|lg|ggye}} {{IPA|/ɟːe/}} 'an army' (noun) * {{Lang|lg|-yinja}} {{IPA|/jiːɲɟa/}} 'stone' (root) > {{Lang|lg|jjinja}} {{IPA|/ɟːiːɲɟa/}} 'a stone' (noun); {{Lang|lg|jj}} is usually spelt {{Lang|lg|ggy}} * {{Lang|lg|-wanga}} {{IPA|/waːŋɡa/}} 'nation' (root) > {{Lang|lg|ggwanga}} {{IPA|/ɡːwaːŋɡa/}} 'a nation' (noun) * {{Lang|lg|-lagala}} {{IPA|/laɡala/}} 'medicine' (root) > {{Lang|lg|ddagala}} {{IPA|/dːaɡala/}} 'medicine' (noun) === Kijapani === Katika [[Kijapani]], urefu wa konsonanti ni bainifu (kama vile urefu wa irabu). Tashdidi katika [[Silabari|mfumo wa maandshi silabario]] huwakilishwa na [[sokuon]], {{Lang|ja-latn|tsu}} ndogo : <ref name="Asano1994">{{Rejea jarida|last=Asano|first=Yoshiteru|year=1994|title=Mora-Based Temporal Adjustments in Japanese|url=https://journals.colorado.edu/index.php/cril/article/view/195/175|format=en|journal=Colorado Research in Linguistics|language=en|publisher=University of Colorado Boulder|volume=13|at=p2 line 29|doi=10.25810/2ddh-9161|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{Lang|ja|っ}} kwa [[hiragana]] kwa maneno asilia na{{Lang|ja|ッ}} kwa [[katakana]] kwa maneno ya kigeni. Kwa mfano,{{Lang|ja|来た}} ({{Lang|ja|きた}}, ''{{Lang|ja-latn|kita}}'') maana yake 'alikuja; alifika', huku {{Lang|ja|切った}} ({{Lang|ja|きった}} , ''{{Lang|ja-latn|kitta}}'' ) maana yake ni 'kata;'. Pamoja na utitiri wa ''gairaigo'' ('maneno ya kigeni') katika Kijapani cha Kisasa, konsonanti zinazotamkwa zimeweza kupata tashdidi pia: <ref>{{Citation|last=Kawahara|first=Shigeto|title=A Faithfulness ranking projected from a perceptibility scale: The case of [+ Voice] in Japanese|url=http://user.keio.ac.jp/~kawahara/pdf/Lang82.3kawahara.pdf|volume=82|issue=3|pages=536–574|year=2006|periodical=Language|publisher=Linguistic Society of America|doi=10.1353/lan.2006.0146<!--|doi-access=subscription-->|author-link=Shigeto Kawahara|access-date=2024-02-14|archive-date=2024-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205214516/http://user.keio.ac.jp/~kawahara/pdf/Lang82.3kawahara.pdf|url-status=dead}}, p. 538</ref>{{Lang|ja|バグ}} ( ''{{Lang|ja-latn|bagu}}'') inamaanisha '(kompyuta) mdudu', na {{Lang|ja|バッグ}} ( ''{{Lang|ja-latn|baggu}}'') maana yake ni 'mfuko'. Tofauti kati ya tashdidi usio na sauti na wenye sauti inaonekana katika jozi za maneno kama vile{{Lang|ja|キット}} ( ''{{Lang|ja-latn|kitto}}'', ikimaanisha 'seti') na {{Lang|ja|キッド}} ( ''{{Lang|ja-latn|kiddo}}'', ikimaanisha 'mtoto'). Pia, katika mazungumzo ya Kijapani cha Kisasa, tashdidi inaweza kutumika kwa baadhi ya vivumishi na vielezi ili kuongeza msisitizo: {{Lang|ja|すごい}} ( ''{{Lang|ja-latn|sugoi}}, 'staajabu''<nowiki/>') inatofautiana na {{Lang|ja|すっごい}} ( ''{{Lang|ja-latn|suggoi}}'', '''staajabu sana'' ') ;{{Lang|ja|思い切り}} ({{Lang|ja|おもいきり}}, {{Lang|ja-latn|omoikiri}}, 'kwa nguvu zote') inatofautiana na {{Lang|ja|思いっ切り}} ({{Lang|ja|おもいっきり}}, {{Lang|ja-latn|omoikkiri}}, ' ''kweli'' kwa nguvu zote'). === Kituruki === Katika [[Kituruki]] tashdidi inaonyeshwa kwa herufi mbili zinazofanana kama katika lugha nyingi. * {{Lang|tr|anne}} {{IPA|[annɛ]}} * {{Lang|tr|hürriyet}} {{IPA|[çyɹ̝ːije̝t]}} Tashnida pia hutokea wakati [[Kiambishi tamati|kiambishi]] kinachoanza na konsonanti kinapokuja baada ya neno linaloishia na konsonanti sawa. * ''{{Lang|tr|el}}'' {{IPA|[el]}} ('mkono') + ''{{Lang|tr|-ler}}'' {{IPA|[læɾ̥]}} (inaashiria [[wingi]]) = ''{{Lang|tr|eller}}'' {{IPA|[eˈlːæɾ̥]}} ('mikono'). (linganisha na ''{{Lang|tr|eler}}'', 'anatengua') * ''{{Lang|tr|at}}'' {{IPA|[at]}} ('kurusha') + ''{{Lang|tr|-tık}}'' {{IPA|[tɯk]}} ("inaashiria [[wakati uliopita]], [[Mtu wa sarufi|nafsi ya kwanza wingi]]) = ''{{Lang|tr|attık}}'' {{IPA|[aˈtːɯk]}} ('tulirusha'). (linganisha na ''{{Lang|tr|atık}}'', 'waste') === Lugha za Kidravidi === ==== Kimalayalam ==== Katika [[Kimalayalam]], ujumuishaji una hali ya kifonolojia <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Interplay of Morphology and Phonology|last=Inkelas|first=Sharon|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780199280476|series=Oxford Surveys in Syntax & Morphology|page=10}}</ref> inayoitwa sandhi na tashdidi hutokea katika mipaka ya maneno. Sandhi ya tashdidi inaitwa ''dvitva sandhi'' au 'sandhi maradufu'. Mfano: * {{Lang|ml|മേശ}} + {{Lang|ml|പെട്ടി}} (mēśa + peṭṭi) – {{Lang|ml|മേശപ്പെട്ടി}} (mēśappeṭṭi) Tashdidi pia hutokea katika mofimu moja kama {{Lang|ml|കള്ളം}} (kaḷḷaṁ) ambayo ina maana tofauti na {{Lang|ml|കളം}} (kaḷaṁ). == Uandishi == Katika [[Uandishi|lugha iliyoandikwa]], urefu wa konsonanti mara nyingi huonyeshwa kwa kuandika konsonanti mara mbili (''ss'', ''kk'', ''pp'', na kadhalika), lakini pia unaweza kuonyeshwa kwa ishara maalum, kama vile [[shadda]] katika Kiarabu, [[dagesh]] katika Kiebrania cha Kale, au [[sokuon]] katika [[Kijapani]] . Katika [[Alfabeti ya kifonetiki ya kimataifa|Alfabeti ya Kifonetiki ya Kimataifa]], konsonanti ndefu kwa kawaida huandikwa kwa kutumia koloni ya pembe tatu '''{{IPA|ː}}''', mfano {{Lang|it|penne}} {{IPA|[penːe]}} ('manyoya', 'kalamu', pia aina ya tambi), ingawa herufi zilizoongezwa maradufu pia hutumika (hasa kwa maumbo ya msingi ya [[fonimu]], au katika lugha zenye toni ili kuwezesha uwekaji alama za herufi). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Lugha]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 20ae9m7thkajbvl99ihfmvt4r2k4rcs 0 180765 1590097 1332343 2026-08-21T22:29:34Z Mammal lemming Lisa 91833 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 1590097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatimé Kimto''' (alifariki Mei 21, 2015) alikuwa [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chad]]. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutumikia katika nafasi ya baraza la mawaziri katika historia ya nchi. Kimto alikuwa Muislamu kutoka sehemu ya kusini mwa nchi. Aliitwa mara ya kwanza kuwa katika baraza la mawaziri mwaka 1982, akawa Waziri wa Masuala ya Kijamii na Wanawake; alibaki katika nafasi hiyo hadi mwaka 1984. Alihudumu mara mbili zaidi katika baraza la mawaziri wakati wa kazi yake; alikuwa Waziri wa Vitendo vya Kijamii na Familia kutoka mwaka 1999 hadi 2001 na tena kutoka 2004 hadi 2005, na alikuwa Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma, wafanyakazi na Ajira kutoka 2005 hadi 2007. Katika nafasi ya pili alihutubia mkutano wa Baraza Kuu la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mwaka 2000,<ref name="Session2000">{{cite book|author=United Nations. General Assembly. Special Session|title=Plenary Meetings, Annexes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-2a6hplt94C|year=2000|publisher=The Assembly}}</ref> akiuchukua kama mada usawa wa jinsia. Katika kazi yake ya awali pia alikuwa mwanachama wa ''politiyuro'' ya Chama cha Kitaifa cha Uhuru na Mapinduzi.<ref name="Yorongar2003">{{cite book|author=Ngarlejy Yorongar|title=Tchad, le procès d'Idriss Déby: témoignage à charge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHd0AAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-7475-5117-5}}</ref> Miongoni mwa mambo ambayo alijishughulisha nayo alipokuwa serikalini ni masuala yanayohusiana na kazi na hali ya wafanyakazi nchini Chad.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sub-Saharan Africa Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZAEAQAAIAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service.}}</ref> na haki za wanawake katika jamii ya Chad. Kimto alifariki huko [[N'Djamena]] baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu. Kifo chake hakikusudiwa sana na serikali iliyokuwepo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Chad]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Chad]] ogt1ryq8gktzs9qlljom54ssjncgnsu 0 181177 1590107 1525359 2026-08-21T22:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Selam Zeray''' (ሰላም ዘርአይ) ni [[meneja]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]] ambaye anasimamia timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya [[Liberia]]. == Maisha ya zamani == Zeray alikulia [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/amharic/articles/cp4nz9rr2zxo</ref> == Kazi ya kucheza == Zeray alicheza soka kabla ya kufanya kazi kama meneja wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Ethiopia kwa ajili ya kufuzu [[Michezo ya Olimpiki|Olimpiki]] na [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] kwa Wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=\"ትልቅ ደስታ ነው የሚሰማኝ ፤ በዛው ልክ ደግሞ ትልቅም ኃላፊነት ነው ያለው\" አሰልጣኝ ሰላም ዘርዓይ|url=https://www.soccerethiopia.net/football/88419/|work=ሶከር ኢትዮጵያ|date=2023-07-19|accessdate=2024-04-28|language=en-US|author=ቴዎድሮስ ታከለ}}</ref> == Kazi ya usimamizi == Mwaka wa [[2023]], Zeray aliteuliwa kuwa meneja wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Liberia, akawa meneja wa kwanza kutoka Ethiopia kuongoza timu ya kitaifa ya kigeni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ethiopian Coach To Revive Liberia's Women's Team|url=https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/35581/|work=www.thereporterethiopia.com|date=2023-07-22|accessdate=2024-04-28|language=en-US|author=Dawit Tolesa}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Zeray ana Leseni ya CAF A.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Liberia: Coach Selam Zeray Promises to “Build Competitive” Women's National Team|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/sports/liberia-coach-selam-zeray-promises-to-build-competitive-womens-national-team/|work=FrontPageAfrica|date=2023-07-28|accessdate=2024-04-28|language=en-US|author=Jaheim T. Tumu|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926193944/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/sports/liberia-coach-selam-zeray-promises-to-build-competitive-womens-national-team/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ethiopia]] 4q6vjn0v0a9mkmj2y3hm03492wkp7e0 0 183083 1590196 1528113 2026-08-22T06:36:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uuaji ya Kingston Hill''' ni tukio la uuaji wa [[Polisi]] Konstebo 356 V Fred Atkins, ambaye aliuawa huko Kingston Hill, Kingston, Surrey, mnamo mwaka 1881. Mauaji haya bado hayajatatuliwa. Jarida la Punch lilichapisha katuni yenye kichwa "An Unequal Match" mwezi Oktoba mwaka huo, ikionyesha hatari zinazowakabili maafisa wa polisi wasio na silaha. Kesi hii ilikuwa muhimu katika kuanzisha utaratibu wa kuwapa silaha maafisa wa polisi, ingawa ilihitaji tukio la pili la kuuawa kwa risasi, la P.C. George Cole na mwizi, mwaka 1882 na jaribio la mauaji la P.C. Patrick Boans, mwaka 1883 kabla ya mamlaka kutoa ruhusa kwa makamanda wa polisi kuwapa silaha askari wao kwa ajili ya doria za usiku. Fred Atkins alizaliwa Walton-on-Thames mnamo mwaka 1859, mwana wa muuza mboga, na alijiunga na polisi tarehe 14 Mei 1877<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C14161822|title=Name: Fred Atkins . Warrant Number: 61462. Date of Joining: 14 May 1877|website=The National Archives|id=MEPO 4/353/61462}}</ref>; 356 Division V (Wandsworth). Mwaka 1881 alikuwa akiishi kwa John Pearmain, Mkaguzi wa Polisi, na familia yake katika Kituo cha Polisi, Richmond, ambacho kilikuwa kwenye 35 George Street hadi mwaka 1912.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=GBC/1881/0004239760|title=1881 England, Wales & Scotland Census|website=Findmypast}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://richmond.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/OPAC/ARCENQ?RNI=19434|title=35 George Street, Richmond|website=Richmond Library Services|accessdate=2024-06-20|archive-date=2019-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524091910/https://richmond.spydus.co.uk/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/OPAC/ARCENQ%3FRNI%3D19434|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alihamishwa kutoka Richmond kwenda Kingston tarehe 15 Agosti. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:1881]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Uingereza]] gruife125af224577nk1arfpnfqccv4 0 185127 1590039 1566286 2026-08-21T19:53:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} [[Faili:Robert Mitchum 1955.jpg|thumb|Robert Mitchum 1955.]] '''Robert Charles Durman Mitchum''' (6 Agosti 1917 - 1 Julai 1997) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]], na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Robert Mitchum alizaliwa [[Bridgeport]], [[Connecticut]] katika familia yenye kipato cha kawaida. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika miaka ya 1940. Mitchum alipata umaarufu kupitia [[filamu za noir]] kama Out of the Past (1947) na The Night of the Hunter (1955), ambapo alionyesha uwezo wake wa kuigiza wahusika wenye giza na kutisha. Filamu zake nyingine maarufu ni pamoja na Cape Fear (1962), The Longest Day (1962), na El Dorado (1966). ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Robert Mitchum}} {{wikiquote}} * {{IMDb name}} * {{Tcmdb name}} * [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1669 Photographs and literature] {{Wayback|url=http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1669 |date=20061026044400 }} * {{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.dod.dimoc.26961|name=Staff Film Report 66-12A (1966)}} {{BD|1917|1997}} {{KWW}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 1iy1gofpnaoe9phykyiji3ojrvrms37 0 187315 1589942 1354788 2026-08-21T13:54:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589942 wikitext text/x-wiki Hizi ni '''orodha za miji ya gharama kubwa zaidi duniani kwa wafanyakazi wa kigeni''' (si wakaazi wa kudumu), kulingana na tafiti za gharama za maisha za Mercer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mercerhr.com/summary.jhtml?idContent=1095320&originUrl=/home.jhtml|title=Mercer's 2013 Cost of Living Survey City Rankings – Global Overview|publisher=Mercer|date=July 23, 2013|access-date=January 22, 2014|archive-date=2021-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505200109/http://www.mercerhr.com/summary.jhtml?idContent=1095320&originUrl=/home.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>, ECA International<ref name="ECA" /> na Xpatulator.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xpatulator.com/cost-of-living-article/Overall-Cost-of-Living-Rankings-July-2014_508.cfm|title=Cost of Living Rankings for 2014|publisher=Xpatulator|access-date=July 1, 2014|archive-date=2023-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127202833/https://www.xpatulator.com/cost-of-living-article/Overall-Cost-of-Living-Rankings-July-2014_508.cfm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tafiti zingine kutoka kwa viwango vya ushirikiano mtandaoni, kama vile Numbeo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/rankings.jsp|title=Cost of Living Index for 2012|publisher=Numbeo|access-date=January 25, 2013|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213185348/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/rankings.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Expatistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatistan.com/cost-of-living/index|title=Expatistan Cost of Living Index|publisher=Expatistan|access-date=January 25, 2013}}</ref> au Eardex,<ref>[http://www.eardex.com Eardex] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eardex.com/ |date=20231211220443 }}. Retrieved January 25, 2013.</ref> hazijashughulikiwa katika makala hii. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Orodha]] [[Jamii:Miji]] s6k69c4s56u2fgymf1n0npese2kgsx6 0 190747 1589952 1364410 2026-08-21T14:25:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Owen Antoniuk playing with Atlético Ottawa.jpg|thumb|Antoniuk akiwa na Atlético Ottawa mwaka 2022.]] '''Robert Owen Antoniuk''' (alizaliwa [[26 Agosti|Agosti 26]], [[2002]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka kutoka [[Kanada]] anayechezea timu ya Calgary Foothills FC katika ligi ya League1 Alberta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atleticoottawa.canpl.ca/article/antoniuk-my-goals-are-put-in-good-performances-and-help-this-team|title=Antoniuk – My goals are put in good performances and help this team|date=August 10, 2022|work=[[Atlético Ottawa]]|accessdate=2024-11-16|archive-date=2024-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319213444/https://atleticoottawa.canpl.ca/article/antoniuk-my-goals-are-put-in-good-performances-and-help-this-team|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/atletico-ottawa-owen-antoniuk/|title=Whitecaps Loan MLS NEXT Pro Prospect Antoniuk To Atletico Ottawa|date=July 18, 2022|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2002|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] sfezsm6kvq2xqczvzsolm2n75za1cec 0 192963 1590177 1527419 2026-08-22T04:27:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trivine Esprit''' (alizaliwa Februari 14, [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye anachezea timu ya York United FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref name=ridge>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://goridgebacks.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/trivine-esprit/2370|title=Trivine Esprit Ontario Tech profile|work=[[Ontario Tech Ridgebacks]]|accessdate=2024-12-05|archive-date=2024-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207154609/https://goridgebacks.com/sports/mens-soccer/roster/trivine-esprit/2370|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://goridgebacks.com/news/2022/9/26/mens-soccer-cote-and-esprit-named-ontario-tech-athletes-of-the-week.aspx|title=Cote and Esprit named Ontario Tech athletes of the week|date=September 26, 2022|work=[[Ontario Tech Ridgebacks]]|accessdate=2024-12-05|archive-date=2024-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207223802/https://goridgebacks.com/news/2022/9/26/mens-soccer-cote-and-esprit-named-ontario-tech-athletes-of-the-week.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://goridgebacks.com/news/2022/10/15/mens-soccer-edic-and-esprit-score-first-oua-goals-in-win-over-ravens.aspx|title=Edic and Esprit score first OUA goals in win over Ravens|date=October 15, 2022|work=[[Ontario Tech Ridgebacks]]|accessdate=2024-12-05|archive-date=2024-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207223716/https://goridgebacks.com/news/2022/10/15/mens-soccer-edic-and-esprit-score-first-oua-goals-in-win-over-ravens.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2002|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 2lyfjg8orwnpvy3arcao526dohxd06g 0 196596 1590071 1467174 2026-08-21T21:32:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sami Keshavarz''', hapo awali alijulikana kama '''Sami Marvasti''', (alizaliwa Agosti 18, [[2006]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa [[Kanada]] anayechezea timu ya Pacific FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-extend-gazdov-sign-three-other-young-canadian-players|title=Pacific FC extend Gazdov, sign three other young Canadian players|date=April 12, 2023|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pfc-shows-faith-in-youth-development-with-signing-of-four-young-canadian-players|title=PFC shows faith in youth development with signing of four young Canadian players|date=April 12, 2024|first=Jack|last=Longo|work=[[Pacific FC]]|accessdate=2025-01-09|archive-date=2025-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109124449/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pfc-shows-faith-in-youth-development-with-signing-of-four-young-canadian-players|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/a-crazy-experience-how-pacific-fc-development-players-helped-canwnt-prepare-for-australia-friendly|title=‘They were in awe’: How Pacific FC development players helped CanWNT prepare for Australia friendly|date=December 4, 2023|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]|first=Mitchell|last=Tierney}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saanichnews.com/sports/pacific-fc-signs-two-island-boys-to-roster-328187|title=Pacific FC signs two Island boys to roster|first=Bailey|last=Moreton|work=Saanich News|date=April 14, 2023|accessdate=2025-01-09|archive-date=2025-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109124450/https://www.saanichnews.com/sports/pacific-fc-signs-two-island-boys-to-roster-328187|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2006|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] epgd98iugreuonmkr4f1hjf3mzqhjcl 0 200685 1590335 1396984 2026-08-22T10:52:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Zachary Sukunda of HFX Wanderers.jpg|thumb|Sukunda akiwa na HFX Wanderers FC mwaka 2019]] '''Zachary Joseph Eli Sukunda''' (alizaliwa Juni 24, [[1995]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa [[Kanada]] anayewakilisha klabu ya [[Estonia]], JK Tallinna Kalev katika Ligi ya Meistriliiga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/im-fully-sold-on-this-project-and-i-cant-wait|title=Zachary Sukunda: "I’m fully sold on this project, and I can’t wait."|date=December 1, 2023|first=Ed|last=Tait|work=[[Valour FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-06|archive-date=2025-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121030648/https://valourfc.canpl.ca/article/im-fully-sold-on-this-project-and-i-cant-wait|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://viaupark.ca/2020/12/02/sous-le-ciel-de-la-finlande-deuxieme-partie/|title=Sous le ciel de la Finlande|trans-title=Under the Finnish sky|first=Ludovick|last=Martin|work=Viau Park|language=fr|date=December 2, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ledroit.com/2011/07/21/laj-auxerre-recrute-a-gatineau-4b2dbdb4ed8df188dd3a565620d0cbec/|title=L'AJ Auxerre recrute à Gatineau|date=July 21, 2011|language=fr|trans-title=AJ Auxerre is recruiting in Gatineau|first=Martin|last=Comtois|work=[[Le Droit]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1995|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] dk6ec919csv2n4aqqrtkbokqdeab6r5 0 200888 1590145 1526527 2026-08-22T02:06:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:T.J Tahid (cropped).jpg|thumb|Tahid akiwa na Vancouver FC mwaka 2023]] '''Taryck Jordan Tahid''' (alizaliwa Aprili 21, [[2007]]) ni [[Mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Kanada]] anayezacha kama [[kiungo]] katika klabu ya Vancouver FC inayoshiriki Ligi kuu ya [[Kanada]]. Yeye ndiye mchezaji mchanga zaidi kuwahi kucheza katika mechi ya ligi Kuu ya Kanada, pia ndiye mchezaji mchanga zaidi kufunga goli katika historia ya ligi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/player/ks89udb9znglkw7y8dm9ijv8|title=Taryck Jordan Tahid profile|work=[[Vancouver FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-06|archive-date=2024-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210192819/https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/player/ks89udb9znglkw7y8dm9ijv8|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aftn.ca/remember-the-name-an-interview-with-taryck-tj-tahid/|title=Remember The Name: An Interview with Vancouver FC's record-breaking Taryck "TJ" Tahid|work=Away from the Numbers|date=May 19, 2023|first=Felipe|last=Vallejo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newwestrecord.ca/local-news/new-west-soccer-alum-named-to-canadas-fifa-u17-world-cup-squad-7777462|title=New West soccer alum named to Canada's FIFA U17 World Cup squad|date=November 3, 2023|first=Kyle|last=Balzer|work=New Westminster Record}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2007|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] f1d9ht9dffyk02pqx9glkqsfhiulkj2 0 201889 1590138 1526172 2026-08-22T01:20:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Steffen Yeates (cropped).jpg|thumb|Yeates mwaka 2025]] '''Steffen Yeates''' (amezaliwa Januari 4, [[2000]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa anayechukua nafasi ya [[kiungo]] wa timu ya York United FC katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa Kanada, lakini anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya [[Trinidad na Tobago]] katika ngazi ya kimataifa.<ref name=tfcsign>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/post/2021/04/22/toronto-fc-ii-sign-steffen-yeates|title=Toronto FC II sign Steffen Yeates|date=April 22, 2021|work=[[Toronto FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/york-united-fc-acquire-canadian-midfielder-steffen-yeates-from-pacific-fc|title=York United FC acquire Canadian midfielder Steffen Yeates from Pacific FC|date=January 20, 2025|work=[[York United FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-18|archive-date=2025-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213095512/https://yorkunitedfc.canpl.ca/article/york-united-fc-acquire-canadian-midfielder-steffen-yeates-from-pacific-fc|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theuconnblog.com/2018/7/30/17630516/uconn-huskies-mens-soccer-announces-incoming-class-ray-reid-niko-petridis|title=UConn Men's Soccer Announces Incoming Class|date=July 30, 2018|work=The UConn Blog|first=Patrick|last=Martin}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2000|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Trinidad na Tobago]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] qc7337x1hqu54htznm2xof5fljzrpcj 0 201902 1590104 1530227 2026-08-21T22:41:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sean Young''' (alizaliwa Aprili 20, [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kitaalamu wa [[Kanada]] anayecheza kama kiungo kwa timu ya Pacific FC katika Ligi kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-rookie-sean-young-proud-to-carry-the-flag-for-vancouver-island|title=Pacific FC rookie Sean Young proud to carry the flag for Vancouver Island|date=August 7, 2020|first=Charlie|last=O'Connor-Clarke|work=[[Pacific FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-18|archive-date=2022-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225145/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-rookie-sean-young-proud-to-carry-the-flag-for-vancouver-island|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cheknews.ca/chek-upside-victoria-teen-achieves-soccer-dream-with-pacific-fc-686827/|title=CHEK Upside: Victoria teen achieves soccer dream with Pacific FC|date=July 25, 2020|work=Chek News|first=Kevin|last=Charach}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/sports/pacific-fc-signs-homegrown-soccer-product/|title=Pacific FC signs homegrown soccer product|first=Aaron|last=Guillen|date=August 4, 2020|work=Vancouver Island Free Daily}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highlandersfc.ca/news/sean-young-signs-1st-professional-contract|title=Sean Young signs 1st professional contract|date=July 27, 2020|work=[[Victoria Highlanders FC]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] kwsdvw4is3gaoyyb1lg3pqcbjs3t5dp 0 203802 1590084 1525205 2026-08-21T22:05:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:Sara Ahmed-IMG 6434 (3x4 cropped).JPG|thumbnail|right|200px|Sara Ahmed]] '''Sara Ahmed''' (alizaliwa [[30 Agosti]] [[1969]]) <ref name=Congress>{{cite web |title=Ahmed, Sara, 1969- |url= http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n98038016.html |publisher= Library of Congress |access-date= 16 January 2015 |quote= data sheet (Ahmed, Sara; b. 08-30-69) }}</ref> ni [[mwandishi]] na mwanazuoni wa [[Uingereza]]-[[Australia]] ambaye eneo lake la utafiti linajumuisha makutano ya nadharia ya ufeministi, [[ufeministi]] wa wasagaji, nadharia ya kitambo, nadharia ya kuathiri, nadharia muhimu ya mbio na baada ya [[ukoloni]]. Kazi yake ya msingi, The Cultural Politics of Emotion, ambamo anachunguza mwelekeo wa kijamii na mzunguko wa hisia, inatambuliwa kama maandishi ya msingi katika uwanja changa wa nadharia ya kuathiri. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last1=Athanasiou |first1=Athena |last2=Hantzaroula |first2=Pothiti |last3=Yannakopoulos |first3=Kostas |date=2008 |title=Towards a New Epistemology: The "Affective Turn" |url=https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/historein/article/view/2123 |journal=Historein |language=en |volume=8 |pages=5–16 |doi=10.12681/historein.33 |issn=2241-2816 |quote="In such a spirit of questioning, Sara Ahmed has developed a groundbreaking theory of the cultural politics of emotion, one that interweaves emotions, language and bodies while attending to the intersections of gender, race, class, sexuality and nation."|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Harrison |first=Guy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBQ3EAAAQBAJ |title=On the Sidelines: Gendered Neoliberalism and the American Female Sportscaster |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-4962-2742-3 |pages=111 |language=en |quote="Ahmed's volume has become a foundational text in an emerging field in cultural studies known as affect— with a sound similar to that in the word acting—which seeks to investigate the way emotions impact individuals, institutions, and society at large."}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Cuddon |first=J. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaEYNBoNoNkC |title=A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory |date=2012-11-07 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-32600-8 |language=en |quote="Some of the most important publications include Lauren Berlant, Cruel Optimism (2011); Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Touching Feeling: Affect, Performativity, Pedagogy (2003); Paul Gilroy, After Empire: Melancholia or Convivial Culture? (2004); Sara Ahmed, The Cultural Politics of Emotion (2004);"}}</ref> == Maisha == Ahmed alizaliwa huko [[Salford]], Uingereza tarehe 30 Agosti 1969. Yeye ni binti wa baba Mpakistani na mama Mwingereza, na alihama kutoka Uingereza hadi [[Adelaide]], Australia pamoja na familia yake mapema mwaka [[1970]]. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Conversations in Postcolonial Thought|last=Sian|first=Katy|publisher=Palgrave|year=2014|pages=17–18}}</ref> Mandhari muhimu katika kazi yake, kama vile uhamiaji, mwelekeo, tofauti, ugeni, na utambulisho mchanganyiko, yanahusiana moja kwa moja na baadhi ya matukio haya ya awali. Alimaliza shahada yake ya kwanza katika Chuo Kikuu cha Adelaide na utafiti wa udaktari katika Kituo cha Nadharia Muhimu na [[Utamaduni]], Chuo Kikuu cha Cardiff. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://assets.cambridge.org/97805215/92253/frontmatter/9780521592253_frontmatter.pdf|title=Differences That Matter|date=1998|accessdate=2025-03-05|archive-date=2016-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923113728/http://assets.cambridge.org/97805215/92253/frontmatter/9780521592253_frontmatter.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sasa anaishi viungani mwa Cambridge na mwenzi wake, Sarah Franklin, ambaye ni msomi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]]. <ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Bio |url=https://www.saranahmed.com/bio-cv/ |website=Sarah Ahmed}}</ref> == Kazi == Ahmed alikuwa na makao yake katika Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Wanawake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Lancaster kutoka mwaka [[1994]] hadi [[2004]], na ni mmoja wa wakurugenzi wake wa zamani. <ref>{{cite web |title=People - Centre for Gender and Women's studies, Lancaster University, UK |url=http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/centres/gws/people.htm |accessdate=2025-03-05 |archive-date=2016-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101031225/http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/centres/gws/people.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Aliteuliwa katika Idara ya Vyombo vya Habari na Mawasiliano katika Chuo cha Goldsmiths, [[Chuo Kikuu cha London]] mwaka [[2004]], na alikuwa mkurugenzi wa uzinduzi wa Kituo chake cha Utafiti wa Wanawake, ambacho kilianzishwa 'kuunganisha historia za ufeministi wa Goldsmiths' na kusaidia kuunda mustakabali wa ufeministi katika Wafua dhahabu.' katika Kwaresima [[2013]] alikuwa Diane Middlebrook na Carl Djerassi Profesa katika Mafunzo ya Jinsia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge, ambapo alifanya utafiti kuhusu "Wanawake Wenye Mapenzi: Ufeministi na Historia ya Mapenzi". <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gold.ac.uk/centre-for-feminist-research/|title=Centre for Feminist Research|access-date=2016-09-26}}</ref> Mwaka [[2015]] alikuwa mzungumzaji mkuu katika kongamano la kila mwaka la Chama cha Kitaifa cha Mafunzo ya Wanawake. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://womens-studies.rutgers.edu/images/stories/Newsletters/Spring_2009.pdf|title=Spring Newsletter 2009}}</ref> Mwaka [[2016]] Ahmed alijiuzulu kutoka wadhifa wake katika Goldsmiths kupinga madai ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia wa wanafunzi na wafanyikazi huko. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/london-university-goldsmiths-professor-quits-sexual-harassment-female-students-staff-a7072131.html/|title=London university professor quits over sexual harassment of female students by staff|date=9 June 2016|access-date=2017-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=feministkilljoys |date=2016-05-30 |title=Resignation |url=https://feministkilljoys.com/2016/05/30/resignation/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=feministkilljoys |language=en-US}}</ref> Amedokeza kwamba ataendelea na kazi yake kama msomi wa kujitegemea. <ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://feministkilljoys.com/about/|title=Feministkilljoys|last=Ahmed|first=Sara|date=26 August 2013}}</ref> Anablogu katika feministkilljoys, mradi anaoendelea kusasisha. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmed|first1=Sara|title=feministkilljoys|url=https://feministkilljoys.com|website=feministkilljoys|publisher=wordpress.org|access-date=16 March 2017}}</ref> Blogu hii ni mwandani wa kitabu chake Living a Feminist Life (2017) kinachomwezesha kuwafikia watu; machapisho yanakuwa sura na kitabu kinakuwa nyenzo ya kublogu. Neno "feminist killjoy" "liligeuka kuwa kifaa cha mawasiliano, njia ya kufikia watu ambao walitambua ndani yake kitu cha uzoefu wao wenyewe." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://lithub.com/sara-ahmed-once-we-find-each-other-so-much-else-becomes-possible/|title=Sara Ahmed: "Once We Find Each Other, So Much Else Becomes Possible" {{!}} Literary Hub|website=lithub.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-29|date=10 April 2017}}</ref> == Nadharia == '''Makutano''' Kuingiliana ni muhimu kwa ufeministi wa Ahmed. Anasema kwamba "maingiliano ni mahali pa kuanzia, hatua ambayo ni lazima tuendelee ikiwa tunataka kutoa maelezo ya jinsi mamlaka inavyofanya kazi." <ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Living a feminist life|url=https://archive.org/details/livingfeministli0000ahme|last=Ahmed|first=Sara|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780822363040|location=Durham|page=[https://archive.org/details/livingfeministli0000ahme/page/n16 5]|oclc=946461715}}</ref> Anakubaliana na Bell Hooks, akisema kwamba ikiwa tunalenga kukomesha ubaguzi wa kijinsia n.k., lazima pia tuangalie mambo mengine yanayoambatanishwa, kama vile ubaguzi wa rangi na mamlaka ya kikoloni ambayo yalifinyanga jamii yetu ya sasa.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa Ahmed, makutano ni jinsi "tunavyoweka hoja ya jinsi tunavyotokea. Jinsi tunavyoweza kupitia makutano," ingawa, inaweza "kufadhaisha, kuchosha, kuumiza." <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Living a feminist life|url=https://archive.org/details/livingfeministli0000ahme|last=Ahmed|first=Sara|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780822363040|location=Durham|page=[https://archive.org/details/livingfeministli0000ahme/page/n223 212]|oclc=946461715}}</ref> Kuingiliana ni muhimu kwa Ahmed, kwani inafafanua ufeministi wake mwenyewe na [[hisia]] ya ubinafsi: "Mimi si msagaji wakati mmoja na mtu wa rangi inayofuata na mwanamke wa kike wakati mwingine. Mimi ni haya yote kila wakati. Na ufeministi wa wasagaji wa rangi huleta haya yote kuwepo, kwa kusisitiza, na kuendelea." '''Kazi ya utofauti''' Kazi ya utofauti ni mojawapo ya mada za kawaida za Ahmed. Imejumuishwa katika kazi zake nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na Living a Feminist Life na On Being Included, ni dhana inayofanya kudhihirika maana ya kuishi maisha ya ufeministi siku hadi siku katika taasisi. Kwa Ahmed, kazi ya utofauti ni "[kujifunza] kuhusu mbinu za mamlaka katika jitihada za kubadilisha kanuni za kitaasisi au katika jitihada za kuwa katika ulimwengu ambao haukubali kuwa wetu." Kazi ya utofauti sio kitu kimoja. Ni kitendo cha kujaribu kubadilisha taasisi, na pia kitendo cha kuwepo katika moja wakati haikukusudiwa kwako. Anatumia uzoefu wake kama [[mwanamke]] wa rangi katika taaluma na kazi za wengine, ikiwa ni pamoja na Chandra Talpade Mohanty, M. Jacqui Alexander, na Heidi Mirza. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Living a feminist life|url=https://archive.org/details/livingfeministli0000ahme|last=Ahmed|first=Sarah|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780822363040|location=Durham|page=[https://archive.org/details/livingfeministli0000ahme/page/n102 91]|oclc=946461715}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] bfpsqsf14ejw0jc6j6ky7zwrdcf8jaj 0 206706 1590338 1434889 2026-08-22T11:01:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zetabaiti''' ni kipimo kikubwa cha [[data]] kinacholingana na baiti 10^21 au 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (sifuri 21). Kwa mujibu wa mfumo wa kimataifa wa vipimo (SI), zetabaiti moja (ZB) ni sawa na: :'''1 ZB = 1,000 EB = 1,000,000 PB = 1,000,000,000 TB''' Katika mfumo wa kibibaiti (binari), kipimo cha karibu ni '''zebibaiti''' (ZiB), ambapo: :'''1 ZiB = 2^70 baiti = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 baiti''' Zetabaiti hutumika hasa kuelezea viwango vya data katika kiwango cha kimataifa, kama vile makadirio ya data yote duniani inayohifadhiwa, kutumwa au kupokelewa katika kipindi fulani, kwa mfano kupitia [[intaneti]]. {{baiti}} ==Tazama pia== * [[Data]] * [[Kituo cha data]] ==Marejeo== * [https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/zettabyte Techtarget – Zettabyte Definition] {{Wayback|url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/zettabyte |date=20250523031449 }} {{en}} * [https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-data/4.0?topic=planning-data-volume IBM – Data Volumes and Units] {{en}} {{tech-stub}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] [[Jamii:Vipimo vya data]] [[Jamii:Intaneti]] 1d0af2hxsnulkwghp81y6mlhqpwyp2z 0 207820 1590185 1578204 2026-08-22T05:05:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wayahudi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''Antisemitism''') ni [[chuki]], [[ubaguzi]] au [[upendeleo]] wa aina yoyote dhidi ya [[Wayahudi]].<br>'''Maelezo ya IHRA kuhusu ubaguzi dhidi ya Wayahudi''': * Kuita au kusaidia kuua au kuumiza Wayahudi kwa jina la [[itikadi kali]] au [[dini]]. * Kutunga hadithi za uongo, chuki au kejeli kuhusu Wayahudi au nguvu zao, kama vile kusema Wayahudi wanadhibiti dunia, vyombo vya habari au serikali. * Kuwalaumu Wayahudi wote kwa kosa la mtu mmoja au kundi dogo, au hata kosa lililofanywa na mtu asiye Myahudi. * Kukana mauaji ya [[Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya]], kama vile kusema hayakutokea, au kupunguza ukubwa wake. * Kusema Wayahudi au Israeli walitunga au walikithirisha hadithi ya [[Maangamizi makuu dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya]]. * Kusema raia Wayahudi ni waaminifu zaidi kwa Israeli kuliko kwa nchi zao. * Kukataa haki ya Wayahudi ya kuwa na taifa lao wenyewe, mfano kusema kuwa [[Israeli]] ni mradi wa kibaguzi. * Kuitaka Israeli kufuata viwango ambavyo mataifa mengine ya [[demokrasia]] hayatakiwi. * Kutumia picha au maneno ya zamani ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi kuelezea Israeli au Waisraeli. * Kufananisha sera za Israeli na zile za Wanazi. * Kuwalaumu Wayahudi wote kwa matendo ya serikali ya [[Israeli]].<ref name="Analyses">*{{cite web |website=American Jewish Committee |title=AJC's glossary of antisemitic terms, phrases, conspiracies, cartoons, themes, and memes. |url=https://www.ajc.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2021-02/AJC_Translate-Hate-Glossary-2021.pdf |year=2021 |access-date=December 3, 2024}} *{{cite web |website=World Jewish Congress |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/ihra-misconceptions |title=Magnifying glass<br>Debunking Misconceptions About the Definition of Antisemitism |access-date=October 23, 2024 |quote=Those who hate Jews can no longer hide behind empty rhetoric}} *{{cite web |website=[[Holocaust Encyclopedia]] |title=500 years of antisemitic propaganda |url=https://www.ushmm.org/collections/the-museums-collections/collections-highlights/500-years-of-antisemitic-propaganda |access-date=December 4, 2024}} *{{cite magazine |magazine=Fathom Journal |url=https://fathomjournal.org/holocaust-inversion-and-contemporary-antisemitism |title=Holocaust Inversion and contemporary antisemitism |last=Klaff |first=Lesley |year=2014 |access-date=October 24, 2024}} *{{cite journal |journal=The Christian Century |title=From hateful murmurs to blood libel |url=https://www.christiancentury.org/review/books/hateful-murmurs-blood-libel |last=Sweeney |first=Jon |year=2023 |access-date=December 4, 2024 |quote=Heather Blurton explains the origins and legacy of an outrageous antisemitic lie: the fable of William of Norwich.}} *{{cite news |work=[[Jewish News Syndicate]] |url=https://www.jns.org/holocaust-inversion-is-going-mainstream |title=Holocaust inversion is going mainstream |date=August 15, 2024 |access-date=October 24, 2024 |quote=The point, of course, is to legitimize violence against Jews.}}</ref> Neno lingine linalotumika badala ya "antisemitism" ni '''Judeophobia'''.<ref name="J"> * {{cite book |title=Judeophobia: Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674487789 |last=Schäfer |first=Peter |publisher=[[Harvard University]] Press |date=October 1, 1998 |isbn=9780674487789 |access-date=November 3, 2024 }} * {{cite journal |journal=Jewish Studies Quarterly |title=Judeophobia: Peter Schäfer on the Origins of Anti-Semitism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40753239 |last=Hayes |first=Christine |volume=6 |issue=3 |year=1999 |pages=261–273 |publisher=Mohr Siebeck GmbH & Co. KG |jstor=stable/40753239 |access-date=November 3, 2024 }} * {{cite book |title=Demonizing the other: Antisemitism, racism and xenophobia |last=Wistrich |first=Robert S. |publisher=Routledge |url=https://www.routledge.com/Demonizing-the-Other-Antisemitism-Racism-and-Xenophobia/Wistrich/p/book/9780415516198?srsltid=AfmBOorY99Ri7050fJeXI_aVojJOJ6Cgs9H9BzucjIJaNJ0g1VHmWr2v |isbn=978-0-415-51619-8 |year=1999 |access-date=December 7, 2024 }} * {{cite news |work=Haaretz |title=Opinion {{!}} Antisemitism? Better Call It Judeophobia |url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2020-11-24/ty-article-opinion/.premium/antisemitism-better-call-it-judeophobia/0000017f-e187-d75c-a7ff-fd8fb67f0000 |last=Sand |first=Shlomo |date=November 24, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2024 }} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Israel Today |title=It’s Not Antisemitism, It’s Judeophobia. What’s the Difference and Why You Should Know |url=https://www.israeltoday.co.il/read/its-not-antisemitism-its-judeophobia-whats-the-difference-and-why-you-should-know |date=July 1, 2021 |last=Sadan |first=Tsvi |access-date=December 3, 2024 }}</ref> Baadhi ya watu hupendelea jina hili kwa sababu "antisemitism" linaweza kueleweka kwa njia tofauti.<ref name="J" /> ==Muhtasari== [[Historia ya binadamu]] imejawa na chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi (antisemitism),<ref name="J" /> ambapo mfano mbaya zaidi ni [[Maangamizi Makuu (Holocaust)]],<ref name="Holocaust introductions">* {{cite book |chapter=Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church |title=Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust |last=Shapiro |first=P.A. |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/4016 |publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780253116741 |oclc=191071016 |access-date=November 4, 2024 }} * {{cite book |chapter=Towards the Holocaust |title=The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-changing-face-of-anti-semitism-9780195341218?cc=gb&lang=en& |last=Laqueur |first=Walter |date=July 30, 2009 |publisher=[[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] Press, USA |isbn=9780195341218 |access-date=November 3, 2024 }} * {{cite web |title=Deportation of Hungarian Jews |url=https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews |work=Timeline of Events |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |access-date=October 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125004028/https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews |archive-date=25 November 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last1=Brosnan |first1=Matt |title=What Was The Holocaust? |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-holocaust |publisher=Imperial War Museum |date=June 12, 2018 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190302062958/https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-holocaust |archive-date=March 2, 2019 |access-date=2 March 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }} * {{Rejea tovuti|title=36 Questions About the Holocaust|url=https://www.museumoftolerance.com/education/teacher-resources/holocaust-resources/36-questions-about-the-holocaust.html|access-date=2024-10-14|website=Museum of Tolerance, [[Los Angeles]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> huku aina ya kawaida ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi ikiwa ni [[Nadharia ya njama|nadharia za njama]].<ref> * {{cite web |website=University of Edinburgh Research Archive |title=Metaphysical conspiracism: UFOs as discursive object between popular millennial and conspiracist fields |url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/10586 |last=Robertson |first=David George |date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=December 14, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Antisemitism Studies |title=Conspiracy Fetishism, Community, and the Antisemitic Imaginary |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/767680 |last=Bronner |first=Stephen Eric |pages=371–387 |volume=4 |issue=2 |publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press |year=2020 |doi=10.2979/antistud.4.2.06 |access-date=December 14, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |title=What breeds conspiracy antisemitism? The role of political uncontrollability and uncertainty in the belief in Jewish conspiracy |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-00767-001 |last1=Kofta |first1=Mirosław |last2=Soral |first2=Wiktor |last3=Bilewicz |first3=Michał |pages=900–918 |volume=118 |issue=5 |doi=10.1037/pspa0000183 |year=2020 |access-date=December 14, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Handbook of UFO Religions |chapter=Chapter 7 They Knew Too Much: The Entangled History of Conspiracy Theories, UFOs and New Religions |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004435537/BP000017.xml |last=Robertson |first=David G. |pages=178–196 |doi=10.1163/9789004435537_009 |year=2021 |access-date=December 14, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Secrecy |chapter=Conspiracy Theories about Secret Religions: Imagining the Other |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003014751-33/conspiracy-teories-secret-religions-imagining-david-robertson |last=Robertson |first=David G. |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781003014751 |year=2022 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref><ref>* {{cite journal |journal=New German Critique |title=Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27669225 |last=Knight |first=Peter |issue=103 |pages=165–193 |publisher=[[Duke University]] Press |year=2008 |access-date=December 14, 2024 }} * {{cite journal |journal=Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism |title=Antisemitic Conspiracy Theories and Violent Extremism on the Far Right: a Public Health Approach to Counter-Radicalization |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.26613/jca/2.1.19/pdf |last=Byington |first=Bradley |doi=10.26613/jca/2.1.19 |date=December 19, 2020 |access-date=December 14, 2024 }} * {{cite journal |journal=Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics |title=Antisemitic conspiracy fantasy in the age of digital media: Three ‘conspiracy theorists’ and their YouTube audiences |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0963947020971997 |last1=Allington |first1=Daniel |last2=Buarque |first2=Beatriz L |last3=Flores |first3=Daniel Barker |volume=30 |issue=1 |doi=10.1177/0963947020971997 |date=December 27, 2020 |access-date=December 14, 2024 }} * {{cite journal |journal=Polyphony |title=Does Antisemitism Provide the Blueprint for Nearly All Conspiracy Theories? |url=https://www.polyphonyjournal.com/_files/ugd/110a40_815d58f1316344cb8a302a1e972e483d.pdf#page=35 |last=Dye |first=Isobel |volume=5 |issue=2 |publisher=American Studies Press |date=June 24, 2023 |access-date=December 14, 2024 |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329155155/https://www.polyphonyjournal.com/_files/ugd/110a40_815d58f1316344cb8a302a1e972e483d.pdf#page=35 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |title=Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination |chapter=The Psychology of Contemporary Antisemitism |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003399162-14/psychology-contemporary-antisemitism-neil-kressel |last=Kressel |first=Neil J. |edition=3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781003399162 |year=2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024}}</ref> [[Kivumishi]] cha chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi ni '''-enye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi'''. Wale wenye maoni ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi wanaitwa '''wachukia Wayahudi'''.<ref> * {{cite magazine |magazine=Tablet magazine |title=Intersectional Antisemitism in America |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/intersectional-antisemitism-america |last=Vidino |first=Lorenzo |date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=December 16, 2024 |quote=More often, left-wing antisemites claim to be acting in the name of [[Progressivism|progressive]] principles while espousing the same [[#Lies about Jews|trite tropes]] that depict [[#Modern|Jews as embodiments of soulless capitalism]], [[colonialism]] (Israel is cast as the last colonial state), and white privilege.}} * {{cite journal |journal=Fathom Journal |title=Anti-Zionism’ has become the new Antisemitism in Ireland |url=https://fathomjournal.org/anti-zionism-has-become-the-new-antisemitism-in-ireland |last=Sears |first=Oliver |year=2024 |access-date=December 16, 2024 |quote=The language I hear denouncing Zionism is identical to the language deployed by antisemites, historical and current.}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Spiked |title=Who is the Guardian to call spiked ‘hard right’? |url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2024/12/09/who-is-the-guardian-to-call-spiked-hard-right |last=Slater |first=Tom |date=December 9, 2024 |access-date=December 16, 2024 |quote=While it [[Smear campaign|smears]] us as [[Far-right politics|right-wing extremists]], it stands accused of harbouring [[Misogyny|misogynists]] and anti-Semites.}} * {{cite news |work=The Free Press |title=The Explosion of Jew-Hate in Trudeau’s Canada |url=https://www.thefp.com/p/explosion-of-jew-hate-in-canada-trudeau-israel-palestine |last=Glavin |first=Terry |date=December 11, 2024 |access-date=December 16, 2024 |quote=Almost none of these verbal or physical assaults are coming from [[White supremacy|white supremacists]] or antisemites of the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing variety]]. They are being carried out by self-described [[Progressivism|progressives]], Arabs [... .]}} * {{cite journal |journal=Jewish Journal |title=Pity the Poor Antisemite |url=https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/377749/pity-the-poor-antisemite |last=Socken |first=Paul |date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=December 16, 2024 |quote=The antisemite is the most extreme and enduring symptom of a society in crisis.}}</ref> ===Mwenendo wa hivi karibuni=== [[File:This is the Devil Black Jesus sign protest by Black Hebrew Israelites at San Diego.jpg|thumb|[[Black Hebrew Israelites]], ambao wanakataa kuamini kwamba [[Yesu]] alikuwa [[Myahudi|Myahudi]], walipinga huko [[San Diego, California]] dhidi ya [[Uchoraji|taswira]] ya muda mrefu ya Yesu kama "[[Wazungu|Mzungu]]" badala ya [[Watu weusi|Mweusi]].]][[File:12 Lost Tribes of Israel.jpg|thumb|[[Bango]] la [[propaganda]] lililotengenezwa na Black Hebrew Israelites (BHI) likimaanisha kuwa [[Waamerika Weusi|Weusi]] na [[Wenyeji wa Amerika]] ndio "warithi halisi" wa [[Makabila ya Israeli|Makabila Kumi Yaliyopotea]] ya [[Waisraeli|Israeli]]. BHI wanadai kwamba watu hao wameainishwa "kimakosa" na [[Ubeberu|waheberu]] weupe katika makundi tofauti ya kikabila kote katika Dunia ya Magharibi.]] Mnamo Januari 14, 2025, kikundi cha [[haki za kiraia]] cha Marekani [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) kilitangaza matokeo ya utafiti wao mpya wa kimataifa (washiriki 58,000) kwamba 46% ya watu wazima duniani (takriban watu 2,200,000,000) walikuwa na maoni yaliyokita mizizi ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi.<ref name="Jan2025I">{{cite news |work=Algemeiner |title=Nearly Half of World’s Adults Hold Antisemitic Views, ADL Survey Finds |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2025/01/14/nearly-half-worlds-adults-hold-antisemitic-views-adl-survey-finds |last=Pierre |first=Dion J. |date=January 14, 2025 |access-date=January 15, 2025}}</ref> Miongoni mwa washiriki, 56% walifikiri kwamba Wayahudi walikuwa "waaminifu kwa Israeli pekee" huku 46% wakiamini kwamba "Wayahudi walikuwa na nguvu nyingi juu ya masuala ya kimataifa".<ref name="Jan2025I" /> 76% ya wale walio katika [[Mashariki ya Kati]] na [[Afrika Kaskazini]] (MENA) walionekana kukubaliana na [[Kasumba|dhana potofu]] 11 hasi kuhusu Wayahudi,<ref name="Jan2025I" /> asilimia ya juu zaidi kuliko maeneo mengine yote.<ref name="Jan2025I" /> Wakati huo huo, [[Kuwait]] na [[Indonesia]] zilipatikana kuwa na asilimia kubwa zaidi ya dhana hizo.<ref name="Jan2025II">{{cite news |work=Haaretz |title='Deeply Alarming' {{!}} Kuwait and Indonesia Top List of World's Most Antisemitic Countries, Global Survey Shows |url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2025-01-14/ty-article/.premium/kuwait-and-indonesia-top-list-of-worlds-most-antisemitic-countries-global-survey-shows/00000194-5f7d-df8d-abbd-dfffe5250000 |last=Maltz |first=Judy |date=January 14, 2025 |access-date=January 15, 2025}}</ref> Kuhusu [[Maangamizi Makuu (Holocaust)]], ni 48% tu ya washiriki walitambua usahihi wake wa kihistoria, huku asilimia ikiwa ya chini kabisa (39%) miongoni mwa kundi la umri wa miaka 18–34,<ref name="Jan2025II" /> kinyume na imani ya kawaida ya wasomi wa kushoto kwamba vijana wana uwezekano mdogo wa kuelewa juu ya [[Ubaguzi wa rangi|wabaguzi wa rangi]].<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Wall Street Journal]] (WSJ) |title=Nearly Half of Adults Worldwide Hold Antisemitic Views, Survey Finds |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/nearly-half-of-adults-worldwide-hold-antisemitic-views-survey-finds-574a1766 |last=Pancevski |first=Bojan |date=January 14, 2025 |access-date=January 15, 2025 |quote=Antisemitism has surged, especially among the young, as the Holocaust fades from collective memory}}</ref> ==Asili ya jina== [[Mwanahistoria]] wa Marekani [[Deborah Lipstadt]] na wataalamu kadhaa wa chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi walisema kwamba neno ''antisemitism'' lilibuniwa na mwanaharakati wa [[Ujerumani|Kijerumani]] mwenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Marr Wilhelm Marr] katika [[kitabu]] chake ''Path to Victory of Germanism Over Judaism'' kurejelea [[chuki]] dhidi ya Wayahudi, ambayo aliona ni muhimu kwa [[Jamii (sosholojia)|mbari]] ya Kijerumani kuwazuia Wayahudi (kikundi kikuu cha ''[[Wasemiti]]'' Ulaya wakati huo) kuharibu [[Ujerumani#Utamaduni|utamaduni wa Kijerumani]].<ref name="O">{{cite web |website=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |title=Anti-Semitism or Antisemitism? |last=Bard |first=Mitchell |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/anti-semitism-or-antisemitism |access-date=November 4, 2024}}</ref> Licha ya ''Wasemiti'' kujumuisha makundi mengine ya kikabila ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]],<ref name="Semite"> * {{cite web |website=American Jewish Committee |title=Semite {{!}} #TranslateHate {{!}} AJC |url=https://www.ajc.org/translatehate/Semite |access-date=January 16, 2025 |quote=Given the term’s [[Linguistics|linguistic]] origins [...] some Arabic speakers say they cannot be antisemitic because they are “Semites” too [...] these claims are actually a [[Example|manifestation]] of turn of the [[Roman Catholics and antisemitism in the 21st century|century European]] [[racism]] [. ...] the [[Black Hebrew Israelites]], have said they cannot be antisemitic because they “are the Semitic people.” [[Celebrity]] [[Kanye West|Kanye (Ye) West]] echoed this [[Delusion|belief]] [. ...which] is an example of the [[#Lies about Jews|antisemitic claim]] that [[Jewish diaspora|today’s Jews]] are not [[Descendant|descended]] from the [[Israelites|Jews of the Bible]].}} * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |title=Encyclopedia Britannica: Arab, Semitic people can't be called antisemitic |url=https://jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-695378 |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=February 4, 2022 |access-date=January 16, 2025 |quote=Excluding Arabs and Semitic people from being labeled antisemitic because of their "Semitism" is what is called a "etymological fallacy" -- When the archaic root words or original meaning of a term are used to make an argument about the current meaning or even the generally accepted definition.}} * {{cite web |website=[[Britannica]] |title=Origins and concept of anti-Semitism |url=https://www.britannica.com/summary/anti-Semitism |access-date=January 16, 2025}}</ref> wanaharakati wa Ujerumani kama Wilhelm Marr waliwarejelea Wayahudi kama ''Wasemiti'' hasa.<ref name="O" /><ref name="Semite" /> Kutokana na [[Semantiki|maana]], ''antisemitism'' haiwezi kuchukuliwa kama chuki dhidi ya makundi yote ya ''Kisemitiki'', au ingesababisha makosa ya kiisimu (kutumia maana ya zamani ya neno kufanya hoja kuhusu maana yake ya sasa).<ref name="Semite" /> Zaidi ya hayo, neno hilo linajumuisha Wayahudi wanaofanya [[Uyahudi]], Wayahudi walio badili dini na kuwa [[Ukristo]] na wale wenye [[asili]] ya Kiyahudi inayoweza kufuatiliwa,<ref name="O" /><ref name="Semite" /> ambao wote wanaweza kuwa waathirika wa chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi.<ref name="O" /><ref name="Semite" /> ===Tahajia=== Neno hili huandikwa na wengine kama ''anti-Semitism'', lakini [[tahajia]] kama hiyo ina utata. Wanahistoria wameeleza kuwa ''anti-Semitism'' inapotosha kwani hakuna [[itikadi]] kama "Semitism" inayoweza kupingwa,<ref name="O" /><ref name="Semite" /> huku [[dhana]] ya ''[[Wasemiti]]'' [[Kinasaba|ikichimbuka]] kutoka sayansi-bandia ya karne ya 19 ubaguzi wa rangi wa kisayansi.<ref name="O" /><ref name="Semite" /> ==Uongo kuhusu Wayahudi== ===Kale=== # Wayahudi walimuua Yesu # Wayahudi waliwasaliti [[Nabii|manabii]] wao<ref name="A1" /><ref name="A2">* {{cite journal|journal=HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory|title=The Roman Catholic Church, the Holocaust, and the demonization of the Jews. Response to “Benjamin and us: Christanity, its Jews, and history” by Jeanne Favret-Saada|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.14318/hau4.3.020|last=Kertzer|first=David I.|pages=329–333|volume=4|issue=3|publisher=The [[University of Chicago]] Press|location=[[Brown University]], [[Providence, Rhode Island]], [[United States]]|access-date=December 23, 2024|quote=OPEN ACCESS}} * {{cite web|website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|title=Antisemitism in History: From the Early Church to 1400|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/antisemitism-in-history-from-the-early-church-to-1400|access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite news|work=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/the-resurrection-of-christian-antisemitism-631109|title=The resurrection of Christian antisemitism|date=18 June 2020|access-date=6 October 2024}} * {{cite news|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2024/02/15/tory-mayor-salisbury-atiqul-hoque-expelled-antisemitism|title=Expelled Tory mayor 'said Jews were responsible for Jesus's death'|date=February 15, 2024|access-date=October 15, 2024}} * {{cite web|website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/radical-traditional-catholicism|title=Radical Traditional Catholicism|access-date=December 23, 2024}}</ref> # Wayahudi wanapanga njama dhidi ya Ukristo<ref name="A3">{{cite book |url=http://archive.adl.org/presrele/asus_12/the_talmud.pdf |title=The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |year=2003 |access-date=15 August 2014 |page=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815143023/http://archive.adl.org/presrele/asus_12/the_talmud.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> ===Zama za Kati=== # Wayahudi huchukua [[damu]] kutoka kwa [[Mtoto|watoto wachanga]] Wakristo kwa ajili ya [[Uyahudi|ibada]] ('''mashtaka ya damu''')<ref name="A3" /><ref> * {{cite book |first=Gane S. |last=Gerber |date=1986 |title=History and hate: the dimensions of anti-Semitism |url=https://archive.org/details/historyhatedimen0000unse |publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America |isbn=0827602677 |page=88}} * {{cite book |first=John |last=Kelly |date=2005 |title=The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time |url=https://archive.org/details/greatmortality00kell |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0060006921 |page=[https://archive.org/details/greatmortality00kell/page/242 242]}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/177/1561.htm |title=Iranian TV Blood Libel: Jewish Rabbis Killed Hundreds of European Children to use Their Blood for Passover Holiday & Discussion on Holocaust Denial |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604135837/http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/177/1561.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011 |date=22 December 2005}}</ref> # Wayahudi kuabudu [[Shetani]]<ref name="A1" /><ref name="A2" /> # Wayahudi hutia [[sumu]] [[Kisima|visima]] kusababisha [[Mlipuko wa ugonjwa|milipuko ya magonjwa]], ikiwemo [[karne ya 14]] Kifo Cheusi<ref name="A3" /><ref> * Etinger, Iakov (1995). "The Doctors' Plot: Stalin's Solution to the Jewish Question". In Yaacov Ro'i, ''Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union''. London: Frank Cass. {{ISBN|0-7146-4619-9}}, pp. 103–6. * {{cite web |website=World Jewish Congress |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/this-week-in-jewish-history--six-jewish-doctor-arrested-jumpstarting-doctors-plot-1-4-2021 |title=Six Jewish doctors arrested, jumpstarting 'Doctors Plot'}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Forward]] |url=https://forward.com/culture/575235/zionist-doctors-plot-soviet-antisemitic-conspiracy |title=A viral post demonizing Zionist doctors sounds eerily like a Soviet antisemitic conspiracy theory}} * {{cite news |work=Jewish News |url=https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/american-anti-racism-activist-condemned-over-terrified-about-zionist-doctors-claim |title=American 'anti-racism' activist condemned over 'terrified about Zionist doctors' claim}}</ref> ===Siku hizi=== # Wayahudi wanadhibiti vyombo vya habari<ref name="A3" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Láníček |first1=Jan |title=Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation |date=2013 |publisher=Springer |location=New York |isbn=978-1-137-31747-6 |language=en}}</ref> # Wayahudi wanadhibiti [[Benki|benki]]<ref name="A3" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Jewish 'Control' of the Federal Reserve: A Classic Anti-Semitic Myth |url=http://archive.adl.org/special_reports/control_of_fed/print.html |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |access-date=25 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112040544/http://archive.adl.org/special_reports/control_of_fed/print.html |archive-date=12 January 2014}}</ref> # Wayahudi wanadhibiti serikali duniani kote<ref> * {{cite journal |first=Svetlana |last=Boym |title=Conspiracy theories and literary ethics: Umberto Eco, Danilo Kis and ''The Protocols of Zion'' |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_comparative-literature_spring-1999_51_2/page/n2 |journal=Comparative Literature |date=Spring 1999 |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=97–122 |doi=10.2307/1771244 |jstor=1771244}} * {{cite web |website=World Jewish Congress |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/conspiracy-myths/the-myth-that-jews-control-the-world |title=The Myth that Jews Control the World |access-date=October 26, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Center on Terrorism, Extremism, and Counterterrorism |title=The Violent Impact of Anti-Semitic Conspiracy Theories: Examining the Jewish World Domination Narratives and History |url=https://www.middlebury.edu/institute/academics/centers-initiatives/ctec/ctec-publications/violent-impact-anti-semitic-conspiracy |last=S. Broschowitz |first=Michael |publisher=Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey |date=May 6, 2022 |access-date=October 26, 2024}} * {{cite book |last1=Alderman |first1=G. |title=The Jewish Community in British Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/jewishcommunityi0000alde |date=1983 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=[[Oxford]] |page=102}}</ref><ref> * {{cite journal |last1=Herf |first1=Jeffrey |title=The 'Jewish War': Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry |journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies |year=2005 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=51–80 |doi=10.1093/hgs/dci003 |s2cid=143944355}} * {{cite web |website=domino.un.org |url=http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4eb2f5f2a5956cfb85256e59006dd050?OpenDocument |publisher=[[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] |title=Dissemination of racist and antisemitic hate material on television programs |access-date=30 September 2005 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121228183944/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/4eb2f5f2a5956cfb85256e59006dd050?OpenDocument |archive-date=28 December 2012}} * {{cite book |first=Sidney |last=Schwarz |year=2006 |title=Judaism and Justice: The Jewish Passion to Repair the World |publisher=Jewish Lights Publishing |isbn=1-58023-312-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/judaismjusticeje00schw/page/96 96] |url=https://archive.org/details/judaismjusticeje00schw}} * {{cite book |last1=Mendes |first1=Philip |title=Debunking the myth of Jewish communism |date=2010}}</ref> # Wayahudi wanazua [[Vita|vita]] na mapinduzi duniani [[dunia]]<ref name="A3" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karsh |first1=Efraim |date=July 2012 |title=The war against the Jews |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241713271 |journal=Israel Affairs |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=319–343 |doi=10.1080/13537121.2012.689514 |s2cid=144144725}}</ref> ===Sasa hivi=== # Wayahudi ni walimwengu wasio na asili<ref> * {{cite book |title=The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day |chapter=Contemporary Antisemitism |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-changing-face-of-anti-semitism-9780195304299?cc=gb&lang=en& |last=Laqueur |first=Walter |isbn=9780195304299 |date=September 21, 2006 |access-date=February 9, 2025}} * {{cite book |last=Figes |first=Orlando |title=The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia |year=2007 |publisher=Metropolitan Books |location=New York City |isbn=978-0-8050-7461-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/whisperersprivat00fige |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/whisperersprivat00fige/page/494 494]}} * Etinger, Iakov (1995). "The Doctors' Plot: Stalin's Solution to the Jewish Question". In Yaacov Ro'i, ''Jews and Jewish Life in Russia and the Soviet Union''. London: Frank Cass. {{ISBN|0-7146-4619-9}}, pp. 103–6. * {{cite web |website=World Jewish Congress |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/this-week-in-jewish-history--six-jewish-doctor-arrested-jumpstarting-doctors-plot-1-4-2021 |title=Six Jewish doctors arrested, jumpstarting 'Doctors Plot' |year=2021}} * {{cite news |work=Jewish News |url=https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/american-anti-racism-activist-condemned-over-terrified-about-zionist-doctors-claim |title=American 'anti-racism' activist condemned over 'terrified about Zionist doctors' claim |date=January 3, 2024 |access-date=February 8, 2025}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Forward]] |url=https://forward.com/culture/575235/zionist-doctors-plot-soviet-antisemitic-conspiracy |title=A viral post demonizing Zionist doctors sounds eerily like a Soviet antisemitic conspiracy theory |date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref><ref> * {{cite book |last=Brook |first=Vincent |year=2006 |title=You Should See Yourself: Jewish Identity in Postmodern American Culture |url=https://archive.org/details/youshouldseeyour0000unse_e5i8 |location=New Brunswick, NJ |publisher=Rutgers University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/youshouldseeyour0000unse_e5i8/page/n179 166] |isbn=0813538440 |quote=This outlook can be viewed positively as a condition that enhances Jews' and adaptability and empathy for others, or it can have a negative connotation, as in the recurring trope of the rootless cosmopolitan}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2019/05/no-direction-home-tragedy-jewish-left| title=No direction home: the tragedy of the Jewish left |last=Glasman |first=Maurice |date=22 May 2019 |website=New Statesman |quote=I knew that the phrase "rootless cosmopolitan" was minted by Stalin and his executioners in the show trials to exterminate Jews, particularly [[Trotskyism|Trotskyists]], for whom this became the standard expression. I cannot hear it without the dread fear of the knock on the door by the [[Cheka]] in the early hours.}} * {{cite hansard |jurisdiction=Parliament of the United Kingdom |title=Anti-Semitism |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2018-04-17/debates/9D70B2B4-39D7-4241-ACF8-13F7DFD8AEB2/Anti-Semitism |house=House of Commons |date=16 April 2014 |column=255 |speaker=Andrew Gwynne}} * {{cite news |work=Jewish News |title=Union official told to ‘cease’ social media after ‘rootless cosmopolitans’ tweet |url=https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/union-official-told-to-cease-social-media-after-rootless-cosmopolitans-tweet |date=April 8, 2019 |access-date=February 8, 2025}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Slate |title=Fox News Analyst Recently Said “Rootless Cosmopolitans”—Also Known as Jews—Are the Cause of America’s Problems |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2022/03/fox-news-analyst-rootless-cosmopolitans-jews-russia.html |last=Mathis-Lilley |first=Ben |date=March 17, 2022 |access-date=February 8, 2025}} * {{cite news |work=The Jewish Chronicle |title=Anti-Zionist speaker uses Stalinist slogan about Jews at Holocaust Memorial Day event |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/anti-zionist-speaker-uses-stalinist-slogan-about-jews-at-holocaust-memorial-day-event-jh72eci7 |date=January 26, 2024 |access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref> # Wayahudi ni waongofu wa Ulaya wa [[Uyahudi]] [[Kizazi|waliozaliwa]] kutoka kwa [[Khazars]]<ref>* {{Rejea kitabu |chapter= Contemporary Arab Anti-Semitism: its Causes and Roots |title= The Persisting Question: Sociological Perspectives and Social Contexts of Modern Antisemitism |last= Harkabi |first= Yehoshafat |editor-last= Fein |editor-first= Helen |publisher= Walter de Gruyter |year= 1987 |orig-year= 1968 |pages= 412–427 |isbn= 978-3-11-010170-6 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uHWG1pDCtNgC&pg=PA424 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |title = The story of a euphemism: The Khazars in Russian Nationalist Literature 353-372 |last = Schnirelmann |first = Victor A. |editor1-last = Golden |editor1-first = Peter B. |editor2-last = Ben-Shammai |editor2-first = Haggai |editor3-last = Róna-Tas |editor3-first = András |encyclopedia = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives |series = Handbook of Oriental Studies |volume = 17 |publisher = [[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year = 2007a |pages = 353–372 |isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yO-vCQAAQBAJ }} * {{cite news |title= Contemporary Racist and Judeophobic Ideology Discovers the Khazars, or, Who Really Are the Jews? |last= Singerman |first= Robert |newspaper= Rosaline and Myer Feinstein Lecture Series 2004 |year= 2004 |url= https://www.academia.edu/5289705 |access-date= 1 March 2014 |archive-date= 23 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231123064422/https://www.academia.edu/5289705 |url-status= dead }} * {{cite book |chapter = Anti-Semitism in Eurasian Historiography: The Case of Lev Gumilev |last = Rossman |first = Vadim Joseph |title = Russia Between East and West: Scholarly Debates on Eurasianism |editor-last = Shlapentokh |editor-first = Dmitry |publisher = [[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |year = 2007 |isbn = 978-9-004-15415-5 |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EnsHyxPZfOIC&pg=PA134 }} * Rory Miller(2020) [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429026034-2/anti-zionist-jewish-khazar-syndrome-official-british-mind-rory-miller The anti-Zionist ‘Jewish Khazar’ syndrome in the official British mind]</ref><ref name="BHI"> * {{cite book |title=Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade: Setting the Record Straight |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg5gs |last=Faber |first=Eli |year=1998 |publisher=[[New York University|NYU]] Press |edition=1 |jstor=j.ctt9qg5gs |isbn=978-0814726396 |access-date=December 2, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Simon Wiesenthal Center |url=https://www.wiesenthal.com/assets/pdf/black_hebrew_israelite_movement-12-2022.pdf |title=Extreme Black Hebrew Israelite Movement |date=December 2022}} * {{cite web |website=[[UC Davis]] |url=https://www.ucdavis.edu/blog/curiosity/what-are-myths-facts-about-hebrew-israelites |title=What are the Myths, Facts, About Hebrew Israelites? Two Experts Discuss Jews of African Descent |date=4 January 2023}} * {{cite web |website=Campaign Against Antisemitism |url=https://antisemitism.org/caa-launches-four-part-debunked-black-hebrew-israelites-instagram-series |title=CAA Launched Four-part "Debunked: Black Hebrew Israelites" Instagram Series |date=14 March 2023}}</ref> # Wayahudi waliendesha [[Biashara ya utumwa kupitia Atlantiki|Biashara ya utumwa ya Atlantiki]]<ref name="BHI" /><ref> * {{cite web |website=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]] |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/louis-farrakhan |title=Louis Farrakhan |access-date=October 27, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Tablet Magazine |title=Is Jewish Control Over the Slave Trade a Nation of Islam Lie or Scholarly Truth? |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/slave-trade-black-muslim |last=Ungar-Sargon |first=Batya |date=August 5, 2013 |access-date=December 2, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Workers’ Liberty |title=Scapegoating Jews for the slave trade? |url=https://workersliberty.org/story/2017-07-26/scapegoating-jews-slave-trade |last=Katz |first=Dan |date=September 11, 2016 |access-date=December 2, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=SAPIR Journal |url=https://sapirjournal.org/friends-and-foes/2024/03/black-radicalism |title=Black Radicalism |last=Hughes |first=Coleman |year=2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024 |quote=Antisemitism runs deeper in the black radical tradition than many realize}} * {{cite news |work=Jewish Insider |title=Paul Coates, father of journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates, republishing antisemitic screed 'The Jewish Onslaught' |url=https://jewishinsider.com/2024/09/paul-coates-antisemitic-conspiracy-theory-slave-trade-the-jewish-onslaught |date=September 27, 2024 |access-date=December 5, 2024}}</ref> # Wayahudi walisababisha [[UKIMWI]] na [[COVID-19]]<ref> * {{cite web |website=Fathom Journal |url=https://fathomjournal.org/covid-19-blaming-the-jews-for-the-plague-again |title=COVID-19: Blaming the Jews for the Plague, Again |last=Topor |first=Lev |year=2020 |access-date=13 October 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies |url=https://besacenter.org/coronavirus-conspiracy-theories-jews |title=Anti-Jewish Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories in Historical Context |author=Dr. Manfred Gerstenfeld |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=13 October 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-771415 |title='Jewish Space Lasers': Rothschild antisemitic canards that refuse to die - review |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=13 October 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Scientific Reports |title=Correlation between coronavirus conspiracism and antisemitism: a cross-sectional study in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-41794-y |last1=Allington |first1=Daniel |last2=Hirsh |first2=David |last3=Katz |first3=Louise |volume=13 |issue=21104 |date=December 5, 2023 |access-date=December 15, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |title=How Antisemites, Extremists and Conspiracy Theorists are Exploiting the Anti-Vax Movement |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/article/how-antisemites-extremists-and-conspiracy-theorists-are-exploiting-anti-vax |date=June 11, 2024 |access-date=December 15, 2024}}</ref> ==Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika ya Kaskazini (MENA)== ===Historia=== [[File:Banu Qurayza.png|thumb|[[Mauaji ya halaiki|Mauaji]] ya Banu Qurayza, [[kabila]] la Kiyahudi huko [[Madina]], 627 [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]].]] Wayahudi walianza kuishi katika [[Rasi ya Uarabuni]] katika karne ya 6 [[Kabla ya Kristo|KK]], wakati uvamizi wa [[Babilonia|Ufalme wa Babeli]] wa [[Yuda|Ufalme wa Yuda]] ulipowalazimisha Wayahudi kuondoka [[Yudea]]. [[Uhamiaji|Mawimbi]] mfululizo ya kuhamisha Wayahudi – yaliyosababishwa na uvamizi wa Yudea kwa vipindi tofauti – yaliwafanya Wayahudi kuwa kundi kuu la kikabila-kidini<ref>{{cite web |website=American Jewish Committee |title=Who Are the Jews? {{!}} AJC - American Jewish Committee |url=https://www.ajc.org/news/who-are-the-jews |access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref> katika Rasi ya Uarabuni, ambapo [[Uyahudi]] ulikuwa tofauti na dini ya miungu mingi ya [[Upagani|upagani]] wa Waarabu wa kale,<ref name="A">{{cite book |title=The origin of the Jews of Yathrib |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vTTCwG0nKIC&pg=PA4 |last=Gil |first=Moshe |pages=4–5 |year=1997 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004138827}}</ref> wengi wao walikuwa wamefika baadaye kuliko Wayahudi kutokana na asili yao ya kuhamahama.<ref name="A" /> ===Zama za Kati=== Wayahudi walifanikiwa katika Rasi ya Uarabuni hadi Waislamu [[Uvamizi wa Kiislamu|waliposhinda Rasi hiyo]], ambapo wao, pamoja na watu wa asili wengine waliotekwa, walitakiwa kulipa ''[[Kodi ya kichwa|jizya]]'' (kodi ya kichwa) kwa kubadilishana na uwepo wao uvumiliwe.<ref name="A" /><ref> * {{cite book |title=Jewish Life under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/harvard.9780674283589/html |last=Cohen |first=Amnon |publisher=Harvard University Press |doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674283589 |year=1984 |isbn=9780674283572 |access-date=January 11, 2025}} * {{cite book |title=Islam: State And Society |chapter=Administration In The Islamic State: An Interpretation Of The Terms “Dhimma” And “Jizya” |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203060957-9/administration-islamic-state-interpretation-terms-dhimma-jizya-j%C3%B8rgen-b%C3%A6k-simonsen |last=Simonsen |first=Jørgen Bæk |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780203060957 |year=2004 |access-date=January 11, 2025}} * {{cite web |website=Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies |title=What Do You Know? Dhimmi, Jewish Legal Status under Muslim Rule |url=https://katz.sas.upenn.edu/resources/blog/what-do-you-know-dhimmi-jewish-legal-status-under-muslim-rule |last=Wagner |first=Mark |date=November 30, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2025}}</ref> Malipo ya ''jizya'' yaliwapa Wayahudi hadhi ya ''dhimmi'' ambapo walikatazwa – chini ya tishio la [[Mauaji|kunyongwa]] – kukosoa nyanja yoyote ya Uislamu, kushiriki mawazo ya [[Uyahudi#Imani za msingi|Kiyahudi]] kwa Waislamu au kumgusa mwanamke wa Kiislamu.<ref name="B"> * {{cite book |title=La Cité Musulmane. Vie Sociale et Politique |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Cit%C3%A9-Musulmane-Vie-Sociale-Politique-Gardet/14971474082/bd |last=Gardet |first=Louis |page=348 |publisher=Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin |edition=2 |year=1954 |access-date=January 11, 2025 |location=[[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] |lang=fr}} * {{cite book |title=The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians Under Islam |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/the-dhimmi-jews-christians-under-islam/author/ye%27or-bat |last=Ye'or |first=Bat |pages=43–44; 56–57 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press |isbn=9781611470796 |year=1985 |access-date=January 11, 2025 |lang=en-us}} * {{cite journal |journal=Middle East Quarterly |title=The Qur’an: Israel Is Not for the Jews |url=https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/the-quran-israel-not-for-jews#_ftn9 |last=Spencer |first=Robert |volume=16 |issue=4 |year=2009 |access-date=January 11, 2025}} * {{cite web |website=San Diego Jewish World |title=Israeli Scholar Explains Religious Conflicts Between Jews and Muslims |url=https://www.sdjewishworld.com/2024/11/21/israeli-scholar-explains-religious-conflicts-between-jews-and-muslims |last=Gershenson |first=Miriam |date=November 21, 2024 |access-date=January 11, 2025}} * {{cite web |website=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |title=Jews in Islamic Countries: The Treatment of Jews |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-treatment-of-jews-in-arab-islamic-countries#N_4_ |access-date=January 11, 2025}}</ref> Wayahudi pia hawakuruhusiwa<ref name="B" /> * kunywa divai hadharani * kupanda [[Farasi|farasi]] au [[Ngamia|ngamia]] * [[Sala|kusali]] au kuomboleza kwa sauti kubwa * kujenga [[Sinagogi|masinagogi]] marefu kuliko misikiti * kujenga [[Nyumba|nyumba]] ndefu kuliko nyumba za Kiislamu ===Karne ya 21=== ====Miaka ya 2010==== Chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi ni jambo la kawaida sana Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika Kaskazini (MENA).<ref name="Analyses" /> Mnamo mwaka 2011, [[Pew Research Center]] ilifanya utafiti kwa idadi kubwa ya wananchi wa nchi za [[Mashariki ya Kati]], ambapo [[Waislamu]] ndio wengi. Wengi wa waliohojiwa walikuwa na chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi. Ni 2% tu ya [[Wamisri]], 3% ya Waislamu wa [[Lebanon]] na 2% ya [[Jordan|Wajordan]] waliripoti kujisikia vizuri kuhusu Wayahudi.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 July 2011|title=Muslim-Western Tensions Persist - Pew Research Center|url=http://www.pewglobal.org/2011/07/21/muslim-western-tensions-persist|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Baadhi ya [[Chuo kikuu|wanazuoni]] wanaamini kwamba [[vyombo vya habari]] vimecheza jukumu muhimu katika jambo hilo.<ref> * {{cite web |website=Washington Institute |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/western-media-misguided-narrative-about-al-jazeera |title=The Western Media Misguided Narrative about Al Jazeera |date=March 22, 2018 |access-date=November 1, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/05/20/qatari-funded-al-jazeera-arabic-channel-fires-journalists-holocaust |title=Qatari-funded Al Jazeera Arabic channel suspends journalists over 'Holocaust denial' video |date=May 20, 2019 |access-date=November 1, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[BBC News (TV channel)|BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-48335169 |title=Al Jazeera suspends journalists for Holocaust denial video |date=May 20, 2019 |access-date=November 1, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Foundation for Defense of Democracies |url=https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2023/11/24/al-jazeera-must-register-as-a-foreign-agent-of-qatar |title=Al Jazeera Must Register as a Foreign Agent |date=November 24, 2023 |access-date=November 1, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=https://m.jpost.com/middle-east/al-jazeeras-holocaust-legacy-justification-alongside-outright-denial-800079 |title=Al-Jazeera’s Holocaust legacy: Justification alongside outright denial |date=May 6, 2024 |access-date=November 1, 2024}} * {{cite web |work=[[Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Al-Jazeera |title=Al Jazeera {{!}} News Channel, History, & Qatar {{!}} Britannica |date=October 25, 2024 |access-date=November 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>* {{cite web |website=Media Bias / Fact Check |title=Al Jazeera – Bias and Credibility |url=https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/al-jazeera |access-date=November 9, 2024 }} * {{cite web |website=Honest Reporting |url=https://honestreporting.com/tag/middle-east-eye |title=Middle East Eye |access-date=November 3, 2024 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202113614/https://honestreporting.com/tag/middle-east-eye/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |website=Ad Fontes Media |title=Al Jazeera Website Bias and Reliability |url=https://adfontesmedia.com/al-jazeera-bias-and-reliability |access-date=November 9, 2024 }} * {{cite web |website=American Enterprise Institute |url=https://www.aei.org/foreign-and-defense-policy/middle-east/qatars-other-covert-media-arm |title=Qatar’s Other Covert Media Arm |date=July 25, 2017 |access-date=November 3, 2024 }} * {{cite news |work=Scottish Daily Express |url=https://www.scottishdailyexpress.co.uk/comment/what-middle-east-eye-shadowy-32241918 |title=What is 'Middle East Eye' - the shadowy Qatar-linked news outlet that interviewed Humza Yousaf |date=February 29, 2024 |access-date=November 3, 2024}}</ref> Data zaidi yamewasilishwa kama ifuatavyo. {|class="wikitable sortable" font-size:80%;" |+style="font-size:100%" | Chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi katika MENA (Shirika la Utafiti: [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]])<ref name="S(A)" /> |- ! Nchi ! colspan="2"|% ya idadi ya watu wenye [[Upendeleo|chuki]] dhidi ya Wayahudi<br />(kiwango cha uhakika 95%)<ref name="S(A)" /> |- |'''Palestina''' |align=right| {{bartable|93||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Iraq''' |align=right| {{bartable|92||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Yemen''' |align=right| {{bartable|88||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Algeria''' |align=right| {{bartable|87||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Libya''' |align=right| {{bartable|87||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Tunisia''' |align=right| {{bartable|86||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Kuwait''' |align=right| {{bartable|82||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Jordan''' |align=right| {{bartable|81||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Bahrain''' |align=right| {{bartable|81||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Qatar''' |align=right| {{bartable|80||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Moroko''' |align=right| {{bartable|80||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Falme za Kiarabu''' |align=right| {{bartable|80||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Lebanon''' |align=right| {{bartable|78||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Oman''' |align=right| {{bartable|76||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Misri''' |align=right| {{bartable|75||2||background:#7B3F00}} |- | '''Saudi Arabia''' |align=right| {{bartable|74||2||background:#7B3F00}} |} ==Afrika Kusini mwa Sahara== {|class="wikitable sortable" font-size:80%;" |+style="font-size:100%" | Chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara (Shirika la Utafiti: [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]])<ref name="S(A)" /> |- ! Nchi ! colspan="2"|% ya idadi ya watu wenye [[Upendeleo|chuki]] dhidi ya Wayahudi<br />(kiwango cha uhakika 95%)<ref name="S(A)" /> |- | '''Senegal''' |align=right| {{bartable|53||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Mauritius''' |align=right| {{bartable|44||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Afrika Kusini''' |align=right| {{bartable|38||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Kamerun''' |align=right| {{bartable|35||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Kenya''' |align=right| {{bartable|35||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Botswana''' |align=right| {{bartable|33||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Côte D'Ivoire''' |align=right| {{bartable|22||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Nigeria''' |align=right| {{bartable|16||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Uganda''' |align=right| {{bartable|16||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Ghana''' |align=right| {{bartable|15||2||background:#7FFF00}} |- | '''Tanzania''' |align=right| {{bartable|12||2||background:#7FFF00}} |} Asilimia ya wakazi wa [[Afrika Kusini]] wenye chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi iliongezeka hadi 47% mwaka 2019 kutoka 38% mwaka 2014.<ref>{{cite web |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |title=The ADL GLOBAL 100: An Index of Antisemitism – South Africa |url=https://global100.adl.org/country/south-africa/2019 |access-date=December 23, 2024 |archive-date=2025-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218120116/https://global100.adl.org/country/south-africa/2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tangu [[Vita vya Israeli na Hamas]] vilipoanza Oktoba 7, 2023, kumekuwa na ongezeko kubwa la unyanyasaji na vurugu dhidi ya Wayahudi nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref> * {{cite news |work=[[Jewish News Syndicate]] |title=South Africa’s antisemitic firestorm |url=https://www.jns.org/south-africas-antisemitic-firestorm |last=Mascarini |first=Saadia |date=January 11, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Financial Times]] (FT) |title=South African Jewish community unnerved by Israel genocide case |url=https://www.ft.com/content/59acd176-1034-43c6-ac8a-ba9959520057 |date=January 24, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024 |quote=Row over young [[cricket]] captain exposes social rift as [[Pretoria]] pursues landmark International Court of Justice lawsuit}} * {{cite web |website=World Jewish Congress |title=In Washington Mission, WJC and South African Jewish Board of Deputies Highlight Surge in Antisemitism |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/wjc-and-sajbd-highlight-antisemitism-in-washington-dc |date=April 26, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=New Lines Magazine |title=South Africa’s Stance on Palestine Opens Questions About Apartheid and History |url=https://newlinesmag.com/argument/south-africas-stance-on-palestine-opens-questions-about-apartheid-and-history |last=Dana |first=Joseph |date=September 30, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=HonestReporting |title=Exposing the Corruption Behind South Africa’s ICJ Case: An Interview With ISGAP Executive Director, Dr. Charles Asher Small |url=https://honestreporting.com/exposing-the-corruption-behind-south-africas-icj-case-an-interview-with-isgap-executive-director-dr-charles-asher-small |date=December 12, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}}</ref><ref> * {{cite news |work=Daily Express |title=South Africa accused of 'plain antisemitism' after 'sacking' Jewish cricket captain |url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/cricket/1856730/South-Africa-antisemitism-David-Teeger-cricket-news |date=January 17, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jewish Chronicle |title=South African politician accuses rivals of selling Cape Town to Jews |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/world/south-african-politician-accuses-rivals-of-selling-cape-town-to-jews-b12rnl0m |date=February 20, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024 |quote=National Freedom Party figure says 'we will not allow you to [[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion|make this a Jewish state]]'}} * {{cite news |work=South African Jewish Report (SAJR) |title=UCT prof targeted for exam depicting antisemitism |url=https://www.sajr.co.za/uct-prof-targeted-for-exam-depicting-antisemitism |date=May 30, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=South African Jewish Report (SAJR) |title=Nothing to be gained from silence about antisemitism |url=https://www.sajr.co.za/nothing-to-be-gained-from-silence-about-antisemitism |date=October 31, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jerusalem Post |title=South African Jewish community condemns president for silence after explosive thrown at JCC |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-833971 |date=December 18, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}}</ref> Kati ya Oktoba 7 na Desemba 31, 2023, mashambulizi dhidi ya Wayahudi yaliongezeka kwa 631% nchini Afrika Kusini ikilinganishwa na kipindi kama hicho mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite news |work=Algemeiner |title=‘There is No Antisemitism Here,’ South African Justice Minister Claims, Despite 631 Percent Increase in Attacks on Jews |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2024/01/31/there-is-no-antisemitism-here-south-african-justice-minister-claims-despite-631-percent-increase-in-attacks-on-jews |date=January 31, 2024 |access-date=December 23, 2024}}</ref> ==Ulaya== [[File:Expulsion judios-en selection.svg|thumb|[[Ramani]] ya kufukuzwa kwa [[Myahudi#Zama za Kati|Wayahudi]] kutoka mikoa mbalimbali ya Ulaya, [[Takriban|takriban.]] [[Karne ya 12|1100]]–[[Karne ya 16|1600]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]].]] ===Kabla ya Karne ya 20=== ===Karne ya 20=== {{Main|Pogrom|Ujerumani ya Nazi}} [[Image:Haus der Deutschen Kunst, Nazi Germany Grundsteinlegung 15.10.1933 House of German Art foundation stone. Hilter, Esser, Nuntius Vasallo di Torregrossa. Heute versteh ich Sie. NSDAP Propaganda Reichstagswahl 12 Nov Election poster xx1990.tif|thumb|[[Adolf Hitler]] (1889–1945) akisalimiana na Alberto Vassallo-Torregrossa (1865–1959), [[makasisi]] wa cheo cha juu wa [[Vatikani]] huko [[Bavaria]], [[Ujerumani ya Nazi]].]] ====Maangamizi Makuu (Holokausti)==== {{Main|Maangamizi Makuu (Holokausti)|Orodha ya kambi za mateso za Nazi|Ustaše|Dola Huru ya Kroatia|Jamhuri ya Kislovakia (1939–1945)}}{{Further|Kristallnacht|Babi Yar|Ante Pavelić|Kanisa Katoliki na Dola Huru ya Kroatia}} [[File:"Nebuď služobníkom žida"—Slovak propaganda poster.jpg|thumb|Bango kutoka [[Ujerumani ya Nazi|dola bandia]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kislovakia (1939–1945)]] ya Wanazi: ''"Usiwe [[mtumishi]] wa Myahudi: yeye ajiunganaye na Myahudi atazama hadi kiwango chake."'']][[File:Jože Beranek - V usodnem trenutku nož v hrbet.jpeg|thumb|Bango la kupinga Wayahudi huko Slovenia iliyokaliwa na Wanazi likisema "Kisu mgongoni wakati muhimu", likirejelea hadithi ya kuchomwa kisu mgongoni iliyokuwa maarufu miongoni mwa Wajerumani wakati huo.]] Maangamizi Makuu yalikuwa mauaji ya halaiki<ref> * {{cite web |website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] |title=What is Genocide? |url=https://www.ushmm.org/genocide-prevention/learn-about-genocide-and-other-mass-atrocities/what-is-genocide |access-date=December 18, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Holocaust Memorial Day Trust |title=The ten stages of genocide |url=https://hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/what-is-genocide/the-ten-stages-of-genocide |access-date=December 18, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[Holocaust Encyclopedia]] |title=What is Genocide? {{!}} Holocaust Encyclopedia |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/what-is-genocide |date=September 25, 2024 |access-date=December 18, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=American Jewish Committee |title=5 Reasons Why the Events in Gaza Are Not “Genocide” |url=https://www.ajc.org/news/5-reasons-why-the-events-in-gaza-are-not-genocide |date=December 5, 2024 |access-date=December 18, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[Britannica]] |title=Genocide {{!}} Definition, Examples, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/genocide |date=December 16, 2024 |access-date=December 18, 2024}}</ref> yaliyofanywa na [[Ujerumani ya Nazi]] kuanzia 1933 hadi 1945 wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]]. Yalijulikana kama ''[[Suluhisho la Mwisho]]''. Mpango wa [[Chama cha Nazi|Wanazi]] ulikuwa kuwaondoa Wayahudi wote Ulaya. Walifanikiwa kuwaua angalau Wayahudi 6,000,000 – 67% ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya wakati huo.<ref name="Holocaust introductions" /> [[Mein Kampf|Mpango wa Maangamizi Makuu ulikuwa na mizizi katika chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi]].<ref name="Holocaust introductions" /><ref> * {{cite web |website=Anne Frank House |title=Adolf Hitler publishes ‘Mein Kampf’ |url=https://www.annefrank.org/en/timeline/6/adolf-hitler-publishes-mein-kampf |date=July 18, 1925 |access-date=December 3, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=[[Holocaust Encyclopedia]] |title=Mein Kampf: Hitler's Manifesto {{!}} Holocaust Encyclopedia |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/mein-kampf |access-date=December 3, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Washington Post]] |title='Mein Kampf': A historical tool, or Hitler's voice from beyond the grave? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/mein-kampf-a-historical-tool-or-hitlers-voice-from-beyond-the-grave/2015/02/24/f7a3110e-b950-11e4-bc30-a4e75503948a_story.html |last=Faiola |first=Anthony |date=February 24, 2015}} * {{cite journal |journal=Fascism |title=Latvia’s ''Pērkonkrusts'': Anti-German National Socialism in a Fascistogenic Milieu |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/org/science/article/pii/S2211624915000066#fn8 |last=Kott |first=Matthew |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=169–193 |date=November 23, 2015 |doi=10.1163/22116257-00402007 |access-date=October 28, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=German History |title=Hitler’s Mein Kampf and the Holocaust: A Prelude to Genocide |url=https://academic.oup.com/gh/article-abstract/41/1/134/6847778?redirectedFrom=fulltext |last1=Michalczyk |first1=John J. |last2=Michalczyk |first2=Susan A. |last3=Bryant |first3=Michael S. |date=November 26, 2022 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=134–137 |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref> ===Karne ya 21=== Katika utafiti wa mwaka 2013 wa Wayahudi 5,847 huko [[Ulaya]], 76% walifikiri kwamba chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi iliongezeka katika miaka mitano iliyopita, huku 29% walikuwa wamefikiria [[Uhamiaji|kuhamia]] nchi nyingine kwa sababu [[Hisia|walijisikia]] [[Hatari|kutokuwa salama]].<ref>{{cite web |website=[[European Union]] Agency for Fundamental [[Haki za binadamu|Haki]] |title=Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of antisemitism |url=http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra-2013-discrimination-hate-crime-against-jews-eu-member-states_en.pdf |year=2013 |access-date=December 2, 2024}}</ref> Utafiti wa [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]] wa mwaka 2023 uligundua kuwa theluthi moja ya [[Ulaya Magharibi|Wazungu wa Magharibi]] waliamini [[#Uongo Kuhusu Wayahudi|chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi]]. Hali hii iliripotiwa kuwa mbaya zaidi katika nchi zingine za Ulaya Mashariki, hasa [[Hungary]] (37%), Poland (35%) na Urusi (26%).<ref>{{cite web |website=[[Anti-Defamation League]] |title=ADL Survey Finds Harmful Antisemitic Stereotypes Remain Deeply Entrenched Across Europe |url=https://www.adl.org/resources/press-release/adl-survey-finds-harmful-antisemitic-stereotypes-remain-deeply-entrenched |date=May 31, 2023 |access-date=December 3, 2024}}</ref> Katika [[Ulaya Mashariki]], kiwango cha chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi kimeonekana kuwa kikubwa.<ref> * {{cite web |website=American Jewish Committee |title=The State of Antisemitism in Eastern Europe |url=https://www.ajc.org/news/the-state-of-antisemitism-in-eastern-europe |date=December 17, 2020 |access-date=December 2, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Times of Israel |title=Jewish group’s report finds rise in antisemitic incidents in Poland |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-groups-report-finds-rise-in-antisemitic-incidents-in-poland |date=April 25, 2023 |access-date=December 2, 2024 |quote=First survey of its kind counts 488 anti-Jewish [[Uhalifu wa chuki|matendo]] nchini [[Ubaguzi wa rangi nchini Poland#Wayahudi|Poland]] mwaka 2022, zaidi ya mara 4 ya jumla [[Takwimu|iliyotajwa]] na [[European Union]] [[2021|mwaka uliopita]]}} * {{cite news |work=Balkan Insight |title=Middle-East Conflict Sparks Uptick in Anti-Semitic Incidents in South-East Europe |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2023/10/23/middle-east-conflict-sparks-uptick-in-anti-semitic-incidents-in-south-east-europe |date=October 23, 2023 |access-date=December 2, 2024 |quote=[[Vita vya Israeli na Hamas|Ghasia zinazoendelea]] nchini [[Mzozo wa Israeli na Palestina|Israeli-Palestina]] [[Uhusiano|zinaunganishwa]] na ongezeko la matukio ya kupinga Wayahudi [...] [[Uharibifu wa mali|uharibifu]] wa [[Maangamizi Makuu|maeneo ya ukumbusho wa Maangamizi Makuu]] katika [[Ulaya Mashariki|Ulaya Mashariki]] na [[Balkan|Kusini-Mashariki mwa Ulaya]].}} * {{cite news |work=[[The Guardian]] |title=Antisemitism is deeply ingrained in European society, says EU official |url=https://theguardian.com/news/2023/oct/30/antisemitism-deeply-ingrained-in-european-society-says-eu-official |date=October 30, 2023 |access-date=December 2, 2024 |quote=[[Maoni|Maelezo]] ya mkuu wa haki yanakuja wakati makundi ya kiraia [[Utetezi|yakionya kuhusu]] ongezeko la chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi huku [[Vita vya Israeli na Hamas]]}} * {{cite web |website=[[European Union]] Agency for Fundamental [[Haki za binadamu|Haki]] (FRA) |title=Jews in Europe still face high levels of antisemitism |url=https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2024/jews-europe-still-face-high-levels-antisemitism |date=July 11, 2024 |access-date=December 2, 2024}}</ref> Chanzo cha kuendelea kwa chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi Ulaya kinajadiliwa.<ref> * {{cite news |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |title=How Jewish journalist Ruth Elkrief wound up in the middle of France’s debate over antisemitism and Islamophobia |url=https://www.jta.org/2024/02/21/global/how-jewish-journalist-ruth-elkrief-wound-up-in-the-middle-of-frances-debate-over-antisemitism-and-islamophobia |date=February 21, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Tablet Magazine |title=An Inconvenient Truth |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/inconvenient-truth-germany-antisemitism-august-hanning |last=Hanning |first=August |date=March 19, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jewish Chronicle |title=Former German Intelligence head blames far-left and Muslim migrants for growing antisemitism |url=https://www.thejc.com/news/former-german-intelligence-head-blames-muslim-migrants-for-growing-antisemitism-dzram88h |date=March 26, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=[[Jewish News Syndicate]] |title=German MPs to name Muslim Jew-hatred as antisemitism vector |url=https://www.jns.org/german-mps-to-name-muslim-jew-hatred-as-antisemitism-vector |date=November 3, 2024 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Ynetnews |title=From Nazis to Jihadists: Antisemitism, the cancer of the West |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hkbkamcz1x |last=Yemini |first=Ben-Dror |access-date=December 26, 2024}}</ref><ref> * {{cite web |website=American Jewish Committee |title=Antisemitism Among Migrant Populations in Europe |url=https://www.ajc.org/antisemitism-among-migrant-populations-in-europe |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=European Muslim Antisemitism: Why Young Urban Males Say They Don't Like Jews |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt16gzdvm |last=Jikeli |first=Günther |publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press |jstor=j.ctt16gzdvm |year=2015 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Fathom Journal |title=Pop Islam: How Germany is tackling the new Islamic antisemitism |url=https://fathomjournal.org/pop-islam-how-germany-is-tackling-the-new-islamic-antisemitism |last=Rickenbacher |first=Daniel |year=2018 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=Wall Street Journal (WSJ) |title=Antisemitism Among Muslim Migrants Unsettles a Germany Haunted by the Holocaust |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/antisemitism-among-muslim-migrants-unsettles-a-germany-haunted-by-the-holocaust-ff359e73 |last=Pancevski |first=Bojan |date=October 18, 2023 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=National Review |title=How Mass Immigration Makes Antisemitism Worse |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2023/12/how-mass-immigration-makes-antisemitism-worse |last=Murray |first=Douglas |date=November 9, 2023 |access-date=December 26, 2024}}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" font-size:80%;" |+style="font-size:100%" | Chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi huko Ulaya (Shirika la Utafiti: [[Anti-Defamation League|ADL]])<ref name="S(A)" /> |- ! Nchi ! colspan="2"|% ya idadi ya watu wenye [[Upendeleo|chuki]] dhidi ya Wayahudi<br />(kiwango cha uhakika 95%)<ref name="S(A)" /> |- | '''Ugiriki''' |align=right| {{bartable|69||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Armenia''' |align=right| {{bartable|58||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Poland''' |align=right| {{bartable|45||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Bulgaria''' |align=right| {{bartable|44||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Serbia''' |align=right| {{bartable|42||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Hungary''' |align=right| {{bartable|41||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Belarus''' |align=right| {{bartable|38||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Ufaransa''' |align=right| {{bartable|37||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Azerbaijan''' |align=right| {{bartable|37||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Lithuania''' |align=right| {{bartable|36||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Romania''' |align=right| {{bartable|35||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Kroatia''' |align=right| {{bartable|33||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Bosnia na Herzegovina''' |align=right| {{bartable|32||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Georgia''' |align=right| {{bartable|32||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Urusi''' |align=right| {{bartable|30||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Moldova''' |align=right| {{bartable|30||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Hispania''' |align=right| {{bartable|29||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Montenegro''' |align=right| {{bartable|29||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Latvia''' |align=right| {{bartable|28||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Austria''' |align=right| {{bartable|28||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Slovenia''' |align=right| {{bartable|27||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Ubelgiji''' |align=right| {{bartable|27||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Ujerumani''' |align=right| {{bartable|27||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Uswisi''' |align=right| {{bartable|26||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Estonia''' |align=right| {{bartable|22||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Ureno''' |align=right| {{bartable|21||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Ireland''' |align=right| {{bartable|20||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Italia''' |align=right| {{bartable|20||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Iceland''' |align=right| {{bartable|16||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Norway''' |align=right| {{bartable|15||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Finland''' |align=right| {{bartable|15||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Jamhuri ya Czech''' |align=right| {{bartable|13||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Denmark''' |align=right| {{bartable|9||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Ufalme wa Muungano''' |align=right| {{bartable|8||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Uholanzi''' |align=right| {{bartable|5||2||background:#8000FF}} |- | '''Uswidi''' |align=right| {{bartable|4||2||background:#8000FF}} |} ===Ireland=== {{Main|Chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi nchini Ireland}} [[File:Banner of the Blueshirts.svg|thumb|Bendera ya kikundi cha Wakatoliki wa Ireland waliokuwa wakipendelea Wanazi na kupinga Wayahudi<ref name="IRB"> * {{cite news |work=The Irish Times |title=Eoin O'Duffy, the Blueshirts and fascism |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/letters/eoin-o-duffy-the-blueshirts-and-fascism-1.413587 |date=February 9, 2005 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite news |work=The Jewish Chronicle |title=The Jew at the centre of Irish nationalism |url=https://www.thejc.com/life-and-culture/books/the-jew-at-the-centre-of-irish-nationalism-cfdvxcyw |last=Shindler |first=Colin |date=March 31, 2016 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=Ireland Israel Alliance |title=Anti-Semitism in Ireland along the history |url=https://www.irelandisrael.ie/blog/anti-semitism-in-ireland |date=November 5, 2018 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite magazine |magazine=Tablet Magazine |title=Fascist Lit and Hungary’s Future |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/hungary-viktor-orban-anti-semitism |last=Goldman |first=David P. |date=April 17, 2020 |access-date=December 7, 2024}} * {{cite web |website=TPQ |title=Fine Gael's Historical Flirtations With Fascism |url=https://www.thepensivequill.com/2021/09/fine-gaels-historical-flirtations-with.html |date=September 23, 2021 |access-date=December 7, 2024}}</ref> iitwayo ''Blueshirts''.]][[File:Blueshirts leadership, circa 1934.jpg|thumb|Wakatoliki wa Ireland waliokuwa wakipendelea Wanazi na kupinga Wayahudi<ref name="IRB" /> wa kikundi cha ''Blueshirts'' wakiandamana barabarani.]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Wayahudi]] [[Jamii:Uyahudi]] [[Jamii:Ubaguzi]] a3qi37n149gwdh45aif1bfq6rz4vgmm 0 208461 1590329 1434890 2026-08-22T10:36:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yotabaiti''' ni kipimo kikubwa cha [[data]] kinacholingana na baiti 10^24 au 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (sifuri 24). Kwa mujibu wa mfumo wa kimataifa wa vipimo (SI), yotabaiti moja (YB) ni sawa na: :'''1 YB = 1,000 ZB = 1,000,000 EB = 1,000,000,000 PB''' Katika mfumo wa kibibaiti (binari), kipimo cha karibu ni '''yobibaiti''' (YiB), ambapo: :'''1 YiB = 2^80 baiti = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 baiti''' Yotabaiti hutumika hasa kuelezea viwango vya data katika kiwango cha kimataifa, kama vile makadirio ya data yote duniani inayohifadhiwa, kutumwa au kupokelewa katika kipindi fulani, kwa mfano kupitia [[intaneti]]. {{baiti}} ==Tazama pia== * [[Data]] * [[Kituo cha data]] ==Marejeo== * [https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/yottabyte Techtarget – Yottabyte Definition] {{Wayback|url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchstorage/definition/yottabyte |date=20250626123525 }} {{en}} * [https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cloud-paks/cp-data/4.0?topic=planning-data-volume IBM – Data Volumes and Units] {{en}} {{tech-stub}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] [[Jamii:Vipimo vya data]] [[Jamii:Intaneti]] kcity5bwiumrv1h63v75d62lq3fkbii 4 208508 1589919 1589778 2026-08-21T12:57:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1589919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9019 || ↓ -38.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 51.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 608 || ↓ -39.6% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 5 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 6 || [[Ethiopia]] || 247 || ↓ -0.8% |- | 7 || [[Israeli]] || 245 || ↓ -18.6% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 243 || ↓ -35.5% |- | 9 || [[Misri]] || 201 || ↓ -55.5% |- | 10 || [[Ufaransa]] || 178 || ↓ -73.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} se5g72mpxm5rmlvt19zzjbgm3jkno0y 1589922 1589919 2026-08-21T12:59:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1589922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 15693 || ↓ -30.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 90.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -10.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 608 || ↓ -39.6% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -21.1% |- | 5 || [[Rwanda]] || 355 || ↑ +77.5% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 9 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 263 || ↓ -23.3% |- | 10 || [[Ethiopia]] || 247 || ↓ -0.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} e0jpm7dfxkmsnox36owauceusobgp19 1590016 1589922 2026-08-21T18:44:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1590016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 15693 || ↓ -30.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 90.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -10.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 608 || ↓ -39.6% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -21.1% |- | 5 || [[Rwanda]] || 355 || ↑ +77.5% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 9 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 263 || ↓ -23.3% |- | 10 || [[Ethiopia]] || 247 || ↓ -0.8% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} blci2i62frggt3gbzkzj16u7og3qyjn 1590017 1590016 2026-08-21T18:45:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1590017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-21) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-21)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 454 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2288 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1411 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 267 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17705 || ↓ -29.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 101.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -10.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 608 || ↓ -39.6% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 458 || ↓ -5.4% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -21.1% |- | 6 || [[Rwanda]] || 355 || ↑ +77.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 9 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 269 || ↓ -49.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} p01uxf0nc1tmo6mn56qkdy4ek9og1tz 1590140 1590017 2026-08-22T01:27:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1590140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 470 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2339 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1385 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17705 || ↓ -29.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 101.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2400 || ↓ -10.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 608 || ↓ -39.6% |- | 3 || [[Urusi]] || 458 || ↓ -5.4% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 454 || ↓ -31.4% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -21.1% |- | 6 || [[Rwanda]] || 355 || ↑ +77.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 312 || ↓ -21.2% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -32.4% |- | 9 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -25.1% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 269 || ↓ -49.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} ntj2e2sle99c1u9si3705nj5v72jeuf 1590142 1590140 2026-08-22T01:36:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1590142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 470 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2339 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1385 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 4813 || ↓ -42.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 27.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 470 || ↓ -26.8% |- | 2 || [[Burundi]] || 319 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 300 || ↓ -33.6% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 241 || ↓ -35.7% |- | 5 || [[Vanuatu]] || 165 || ↑ +617.4% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 154 || ↓ -68.7% |- | 7 || [[Nigeria]] || 142 || ↓ -22.8% |- | 8 || [[Malawi]] || 123 || ↓ -34.2% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 122 || ↓ -77.2% |- | 10 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 118 || ↓ -86.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} hcyolvka6un8yh759m06ddfliguo23n 1590200 1590142 2026-08-22T06:48:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1590200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 470 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2339 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1385 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 4813 || ↓ -42.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 27.7 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 470 || ↓ -26.8% |- | 2 || [[Burundi]] || 319 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 300 || ↓ -33.6% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 241 || ↓ -35.7% |- | 5 || [[Vanuatu]] || 165 || ↑ +617.4% |- | 6 || [[Hispania]] || 154 || ↓ -68.7% |- | 7 || [[Nigeria]] || 142 || ↓ -22.8% |- | 8 || [[Malawi]] || 123 || ↓ -34.2% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 122 || ↓ -77.2% |- | 10 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 118 || ↓ -86.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} 5jcot1cgeso3mv3rdyijg2974pgw97t 1590203 1590200 2026-08-22T06:50:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1590203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-08-22) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 63 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 72 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-08-22)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 470 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2339 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1385 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 447 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 193 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35006 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 15868 || ↓ -29.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.2 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 91.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2415 || ↓ -9.3% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 606 || ↓ -40.1% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 470 || ↓ -26.8% |- | 4 || [[Urusi]] || 453 || ↓ -5.0% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 413 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 319 || ↓ -19.0% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 300 || ↓ -33.6% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 275 || ↓ -21.9% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 268 || ↓ -48.3% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 267 || ↓ -20.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 598 || 43.5% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 26.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 134 || 9.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 118 || 8.6% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.4% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.4% |- |} lwdvfdnbcfxshydomcs07tvfirkbjl6 0 212432 1590190 1527695 2026-08-22T05:30:21Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ 1590190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Tanzania, 2025''' ulifanyika tarehe [[Oktoba 29]], [[2025]], na ulijumuisha uchaguzi wa [[Rais wa Tanzania]], [[Wabunge]], na [[Wawakilishi wenye kura]] wa madiwani katika mabaraza ya wilaya.Uchaguzi huu ulikuwa wa kwanza chini ya uongozi wa Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] kama mgombea wa urais, na ulishuhudia idadi ya wapigakura 37,655,559 waliojiandikisha katika majimbo 272. Rais aliyepo madarakani [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], ambaye alirithi nafasi hiyo mwaka 2021 baada ya kifo cha [[John Magufuli]], aliwania muhula wake wa kwanza kamili kupitia [[chama tawala]] [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM). [[Uchaguzi]] huu ulifanyika katika mazingira yenye changamoto kubwa za [[siasa|kisiasa]]: chama kikuu cha upinzani, [[CHADEMA]] kilizuiwa kisheria kushiriki, na kiongozi wake [[Tundu Lissu]] alikamatwa na anakabiliwa na shtaka la [[uhaini]] kwa sababu ya wito wake wa mageuzi ya [[uchaguzi]]<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Tanzania’s main opposition Chadema party barred from upcoming elections|publisher=Aljazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/4/12/tanzanias-main-opposition-chadema-party-barred-from-upcoming-elections#:~:text=News%7CPolitics-,Tanzania's%20main%20opposition%20Chadema%20party%20barred%20from%20upcoming%20elections,the%20elections%20from%20going%20ahead.|access-date=2025-09-04|website=www.aljazeera.com|lang=en}}</ref>. Watazamaji wa kimataifa na mashirika ya [[haki za binadamu]] yalitoa tahadhari kwamba hali ya [[demokrasia]] imezorota na Tanzania imepangiwa na shirika la Freedom House hadhi ya “''Siyo Huru''”, ikionyesha mwelekeo wa “udikteta wa uchaguzi”<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=October elections will reveal the extent of Tanzania’s democratic decline|publisher=ISSAFRICA|url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/october-elections-will-reveal-the-extent-of-tanzania-s-democratic-decline#:~:text=Tanzania%20is%20sliding%20into%20electoral,and%20manipulation%20of%20electoral%20systems|access-date=2025-09-04|website=www.issafrica.org|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s 2025 Elections: A Quiet Collapse of Political Competition?|author=Felistus Kandia|url=https://masharikirpc.org/tanzanias-2025-elections-a-quiet-collapse-of-political-competition/#:~:text=In%20April%202025%2C%20Tanzania%E2%80%99s%20judiciary,the%20first%20vote%20is%20cast|access-date=2025-09-04|website=en}}</ref>. Mjadala mkubwa umeibuka kuhusu mageuzi ya sheria za uchaguzi, upungufu wa vyama pinzani na shinikizo la kimataifa kuhusu uwazi na uhuru wa vyombo vya habari. == Mageuzi ya Uchaguzi == Mnamo mwaka wa 2024, Bunge la Tanzania lilipitisha marekebisho makuu matatu ya kisheria:<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s new political and electoral reforms|publisher=Gepc|url=https://gepc.or.tz/tanzanias-new-political-and-electoral-reforms-a-step-to-the-right-a-high-jump-to-go/|access-date=2025-09-04|website=www.gepc.or.tz}}</ref> * ''Sheria ya Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi'' (2024) * ''Sheria ya Uchaguzi wa Rais, Wabunge na Madiwani'' (2024) * ''Sheria ya Marekebisho ya Vyama vya Siasa'' (2024) Mageuzi hayo yalitangazwa kama njia ya kuongeza uwajibikaji na uaminifu wa [[uchaguzi]], lakini yamekosolewa kwa kutoshughulikia mambo ya msingi. [[Rais]] bado anabaki na mamlaka ya kuteua makamishna wengi wa tume ya [[uchaguzi]]. Viongozi wa upinzani na mashirika ya kiraia wanasema tume bado ipo chini ya ushawishi wa [[serikali]], licha ya kuanzishwa kwa jopo la uteuzi. [[Sheria]] mpya ziliweka masharti ya upatikanaji wa nakala za matokeo katika vituo vya kupigia kura, kuondoa ada za kubadilisha kadi za mpiga kura na kurekebisha baadhi ya taratibu za malalamiko ya uchaguzi. Hata hivyo, hazikurusu wagombea binafsi, hazikuongeza uwazi katika ufadhili wa vyama na ziliweka kanuni za mwenendo wa uchaguzi ambazo zilitumika kama msingi wa kuengua CHADEMA na ACT-Wazalendo baada ya kukataa kuzitia saini. Wanasiasa wakongwe na wachambuzi wa kisiasa wamesema mageuzi haya ni ya juu juu na hayakuondoa "upungufu wa imani" wa muda mrefu. == Uchaguzi wa rais == Kulingana na matokeo rasmi yaliyotangazwa na NEC tarehe 31 Oktoba 2025, Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan wa CCM alishinda na kura 31,913,866 kutoka jumla ya kura 32,678,844, na asilimia 97.6%<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Matokeo ya uchaguzi wa Tanzania 2025: Tume ya Uchaguzi INEC yaendelea kutangaza matokeo|url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/c0qplkl2nz0o|work=BBC News Swahili|date=2025-10-30|accessdate=2025-11-02|language=sw}}</ref>. Wagombea wengine walikuwa kutoka vyama vidogo 16, lakini hakukuwa na mpinzani mkubwa kutokana na kutoa nje kwa CHADEMA na ACT-Wazalendo. Uchaguzi uliendana na kufuatwa na vituko vingi <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/11/tanzania-election-related-killings-and-other-violations-must-be-investigated</ref> <ref>https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334</ref>. == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Uchaguzi nchini Tanzania]] [[Jamii:2025]] eyjuhkhtyuf0x7zu215hh67poysq6pk 0 213057 1590038 1524482 2026-08-21T19:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Gifford''' alikuwa Profesa wa [[Elimunafsia|Saikolojia]] na Mafunzo ya Mazingira kutoka 1979 hadi 2024 katika Chuo Kikuu cha Victoria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Robert Gifford – Environmental-Social-Personality Psychologist|url=https://robertgifford.com/|accessdate=2025-09-04|language=en-CA|archive-date=2025-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716082553/https://robertgifford.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masilahi yake kuu ya utafiti ni saikolojia ya mazingira,saikolojia ya kijamii na saikolojia ya utu, ikijumuisha kufanya kazi juu ya tabia isiyo ya maneno <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ym1nqwsAAAAJ&hl=en|work=scholar.google.com|accessdate=2025-09-04}}</ref>na vizuizi vya tabia ya mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Prof. Robert Gifford|url=https://rsc-src.ca/en/users/prof-robert-gifford|work=The Royal Society of Canada|accessdate=2025-09-04|language=en}}</ref> Kuanzia 2004 hadi 2016, alikuwa mhariri mkuu wa ''Jarida la [https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-environmental-psychology Saikolojia ya Mazingira]''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Robert Gifford – Environmental-Social-Personality Psychologist|url=https://robertgifford.com/|accessdate=2025-09-04|language=en-CA|archive-date=2025-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716082553/https://robertgifford.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo 2024, Chuo Kikuu cha Victoria kilisimamisha kazi ya Gifford kwa unyanyasaji wa kijinsia kwa mwanafunzi aliyehitimu. <ref>{{Citation|title=Renowned professor fired over sexual harassment complaints|url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20250821114724842|work=University World News|language=en|access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Kazi == Gifford alipokea Ph.D. katika saikolojia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Simon Fraser mnamo 1976. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Robert Gifford|url=https://gifford.socialpsychology.org/|work=gifford.socialpsychology.org|accessdate=2025-09-04}}</ref> Gifford ndiye mwandishi wa matoleo matano ya ''Saikolojia ya Mazingira: Kanuni na Mazoezi'', ambayo pia yametafsiriwa katika lugha ya Kijapani, na kuhaririwa ''Mbinu za Utafiti za Saikolojia ya Mazingira (2016)''. Alitengeneza orodha ya vizuizi arobaini vya kisaikolojia katika kukabiliana kwa ufanisi na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa inayoitwa "majoka ya kutochukua hatua" - hizi ni pamoja na punguzo la muda, ukosefu wa uhusiano wa mahali, na kutoaminiana. <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/climate-denial-psychology-stoknes-kahneman-gifford-1.5447521</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa ripoti ya Jumuiya ya Kisaikolojia ya Marekani ya 2011 iliyoitwa "Saikolojia na Mabadiliko ya Hali ya Hewa Ulimwenguni: Kushughulikia Jambo lenye sura nyingi na Seti ya Changamoto" ambayo ilielezea vipengele vya utumaji ujumbe wa hatua za hali ya hewa, ikiwa ni pamoja na uharaka, uhakika, na uundaji chanya. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.apa.org/science/about/publications/climate-change|work=www.apa.org|accessdate=2025-09-04}}</ref> Gifford yuko katika bodi ya wahariri ya Mapitio ya Sayansi ya Usanifu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Learn about Architectural Science Review|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/tasr20/about-this-journal|work=Taylor & Francis|accessdate=2025-09-04|language=en}}</ref> Amekuwa rais wa mgawanyiko wa kimazingira wa Muungano wa Kisaikolojia wa Marekani, [[w:en:International_Association_of_Applied_Psychology|Muungano wa Kimataifa wa Saikolojia Inayotumika]] na Muungano wa Kisaikolojia wa Kanada. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Hamilton |first=David L. |last2=Gifford |first2=Robert K. |date=1976-01-01 |title=Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103176800066 |journal=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=392–407 |doi=10.1016/S0022-1031(76)80006-6 |issn=0022-1031}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 2021, Gifford alisimamishwa kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Victoria baada ya uchunguzi kuhusu madai ya unyanyasaji wa kingono na mmoja wa wanafunzi wake waliohitimu. Mnamo Juni 2024, alifukuzwa kazi yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=University of Victoria prof fired for sexual harassment loses fair representation fight with union {{!}} HR Law Canada|url=https://hrlawcanada.com/2025/08/university-of-victoria-prof-fired-for-sexual-harassment-loses-fair-representation-fight-with-union/|date=2025-08-05|accessdate=2025-09-04|language=en-CA|author=HR Law Canada}}</ref> Baada ya chama chake kukataa kukata rufaa kwa kesi hiyo, Gifford alipinga uwakilishi wa chama chake, lakini British Columbia Labour Relations Board ilipata chama chake kilimwakilisha ipasavyo. == Tuzo == * 1991 Mwanachama wa Chama cha Kisaikolojia cha Kanada * 1992 Mwanachama wa Chama cha Kisaikolojia cha Marekani * 2007 Wenzake wa Chama cha Sayansi ya Saikolojia * 2007 Tuzo ya Kazi kutoka kwa Chama cha Utafiti wa Usanifu wa Mazingira * 2016 Tuzo la Michango Bora kwa Maendeleo ya Kimataifa ya Saikolojia (Chama cha Kisaikolojia cha Kanada) * 2019 Mshirika wa Jumuiya ya Kifalme ya Kanada == Tanbihi == * Gifford, Robert, ed. (1991). ''Applied Psychology: Variety and Opportunity''. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. p. 384. ISBN <bdi>978-0-205-12664-4</bdi>. * Gifford, Robert (2005). ''環境心理学〜原理と実践〜 [2-volume Japanese translation of Environmental psychology: Principles and Practice]''. Tokyo: Kitaohji Shobo. pp. 370 and 438. [[w:en:Special:BookSources/978-4-76282448-7|ISBN <bdi>978-4-76282448-7</bdi>.]] * Gifford, Robert (2014). ''Environmental Psychology: Principles and Practice'' (5th ed.). Colville, WA: Optimal Books. p. 599 [[w:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9937719-0-3|ISBN <bdi>978-0-9937719-0-3</bdi>]]. * Gifford, Robert, ed. (2016). ''Research Methods for Environmental Psychology'' (1st ed.). New York: Wiley. p. 438.ISBN 978-1-118-79533-0 jn8sdoal16yfas5j4c5dnnhbqcofqfi 3 213535 1589924 1452711 2026-08-21T13:10:50Z Veritas Sapientiae 57512 Veritas Sapientiae moved page [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bonapartez]] to [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Bonapartez|Bonapartez]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3|Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3]]" 1452711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Surv Melch|Surv Melch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Surv Melch|majadiliano]])''' 20:23, 8 Septemba 2025 (UTC) 2wpg03ypj14usky78kdzle34emmywx8 0 220254 1590166 1480644 2026-08-22T03:15:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terri Farley''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa Marekani anayejikita zaidi katika fasihi ya watoto na riwaya kwa vijana (young adult fiction). Ni mwandishi anayeuza vitabu kwa kiwango cha juu (best-selling author), akijulikana kwa riwaya ''Seven Tears into the Sea'', mfululizo wa vitabu ''The Phantom Stallion'' kwa wasomaji wachanga vinavyoelezea Magharibi ya [[Marekani]] ya kisasa na ya kihistoria, pamoja na makala nyingi za majarida zisizo za kubuni (nonfiction).<ref name="GR Questions">{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/questions/466555-on-several-websites-naming-all-your-books|title=Ginger ~ Pages from Wonderland asked Terri Farley|date=2015|website=goodreads.com|publisher=Goodreads, Inc.|access-date=10 December 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210104231/https://www.goodreads.com/questions/466555-on-several-websites-naming-all-your-books|archive-date=2023-12-10|quote=You'll probably have an easier time finding copies of my romances if you check out my pen name Tess Farraday -- same initials -- written for more mature readers.}}</ref> Farley pia aliandika mfululizo wa riwaya za mapenzi kwa watu wazima, ''Magical Love'' na ''Haunting Hearts'', kwa kutumia jina la kalamu Tess Farraday.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2006 |title=Terri Farley |url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/H1000161976/LitRC?sid=LitRC&xid=ac65bf96 |journal=Contemporary Authors Online: Literature Resource Center |publisher=Gale |accessdate=20 June 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] j7nwt16gnwezu9o4elk1tysm3f9ku5p 0 221724 1590093 1495014 2026-08-21T22:26:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{wikigapjwk2026}}}} '''Satta Fatumata Sheriff''' ni mwanaharakati wa [[haki za binadamu]] nchini Liberia, mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Action for Justice and Human Rights(AJHR), shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalofanya kazi ya kudai upatikanaji wa haki na heshima kwa haki za binadamu nchini Liberia. Yeye ni mmoja wa Vijana 100<ref>http://www.bushchicken.com/on-day-of-the-african-child-rights-groups-want-justice-in-two-childrens-death/</ref> Wenye Ushawishi Mkubwa Zaidi Afrika, kiongozi kijana wa [[Malengo endelevu|Malengo ya Maendeleo Endelevu]], Umoja wa Mataifa<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201605181348.html</ref> na spika wa zamani wa [[Bunge]] la Watoto la Liberia. == Wasifu == Satta alizaliwa Aprili 12, [[1998]], wakati wa Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Liberia katika kaunti ya milimani ya Bong, Wilaya ya Fulmah Bongmines; alianza elimu ya msingi akiwa na umri wa miaka sita (6). Utetezi wa Satta ulianza akiwa na umri wa miaka (9) wakati msichana mwenzake wa miaka 13 alipotarajiwa kuolewa na mwanaume wa miaka thelathini na tisa katika jamii yake, Satta alihisi ilikuwa ni makosa; Muda mchache baadae aliongea na [[wazazi]] wa msichana huyo na kiongozi wa jamii, hivyo kusimamisha ndoa hiyo. Tangu wakati huo, amekuwa akifanya kazi kudai upatikanaji wa Haki na Heshima ya Haki za Binadamu nchini [[Liberia]]. ==Utetezi== Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, Satta alikua mwalimu rika ili kutoa uelewa kuhusu athari za Unyanyapaa na ubaguzi kwa Watoto na vijana walioathiriwa na VVU/UKIMWI nchini Liberia. Aliongoza timu ya wasichana vijana chini ya bendera "Binti za Wafalme” kuwaelimisha vijana kuhusu afya ya uzazi wa kijinsia, unyonyaji na unyanyasaji wa kingono, unyanyasaji, mimba za utotoni, njia za maambukizi na hatua za kuzuia VVU, Magonjwa ya zinaa na magonjwa ya zinaa katika Jiji la Kakata, Kaunti ya Margibi. Mapema mwaka wa 2017, msichana wa miaka 13 alidaiwa kubakwa na kupewa mimba na mbunge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/2016news/liberia-children-forum-want-lawmaker-investigated-for-rape/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-03-02 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222073659/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/2016news/liberia-children-forum-want-lawmaker-investigated-for-rape/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kupitia utetezi wa Satta na wengine, uchunguzi ulifanyika, mbunge huyo alikamatwa na kesi yake ikapelekwa mahakamani. Mnamo 2016, Satta alianzisha Kamati ya Pamoja ya Utendaji wa Watoto (JACC) ili kutetea na kulinda haki za watoto nchini Liberia.<ref>https://sattafsheriff.blogspot.com/2018/04/from-child-activism-to-leading-positive.html</ref> Kupitia JACC, Satta aliendeleza Kampeni ya kitaifa ya kuwahukumu wauaji wa watoto wawili wa Liberia (Alvin Moses na Ruben Paye) ambao waliuawa kwa njia ya ajabu mwaka wa 2015. Tangu 2016, Satta amewawakilisha Wasichana na Watoto wa Liberia katika Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa huko New York, na Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Afrika kwa nyakati tofauti ili kutetea haki za Watoto na Wasichana kimataifa<ref name=":0">https://youthaidliberia.weebly.com/liberias-young-personality-of-the-month.html</ref> Mapema mwaka wa 2016, Satta alipewa Tuzo ya Diana Princess of Wales Active Campaigner kwa kutetea haki za watoto na kuhakikisha nafasi salama kwa wasichana na watoto nchini Liberia. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, Satta alichaguliwa kuwa Spika wa kwanza mwanamke wa Bunge la Watoto la Liberia na watoto kutoka kote Liberia katika tawi kumi na tano (15) la kisiasa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210227093620/https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/child-advocate-reminds-gol-about-displeasing-attitude-toward-child-justice/</ref> Akiwa sauti rasmi ya Watoto wa Liberia, Satta alitoa mapendekezo kwa niaba ya watoto na kuwawakilisha watoto wa Liberia ndani, kitaifa na kimataifa. Mnamo 2016, Satta alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa Vijana lenye Ushawishi Mkubwa Zaidi nchini Liberia kwa utetezi wake na msimamo wake katika masuala ya kitaifa. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015 wakati wa janga la Ebola nchini Liberia, Satta alianzisha kipindi cha redio kinachoitwa "Watoto na U" kwenye Radio Joy Africa 97.5 MHz katika Jiji la Kakata, Kaunti ya Margibi kukuza haki za watoto na kuwapa watoto nafasi ya kuzungumzia masuala yanayowaathiri katika jamii.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya Ebola, Satta pia aliunda mradi ambao hatimaye ukawa kampeni yenye jina la "Msaada Wako, Mustakabali Wetu" kuomba vitu mbalimbali vya shule kwa ajili ya watoto yatima hasa wanafunzi walioathiriwa na Ugonjwa wa Ebola<ref name=":1">{{Citation|title=Satta Sheriff - Glocal International Teen Conference|url=https://gitc.glocalteenhero.com/speakers/satta-sheriff/|work=Glocal International Teen Conference|language=en-US|access-date=2026-03-02|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027025557/https://gitc.glocalteenhero.com/speakers/satta-sheriff/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tuzo== *Tuzo ya Utofauti ya Lillian Franklin: 2021 *100 Most Influential Young Africans: [[2020]] *Mtetezi Maarufu Zaidi wa Vijana wa Mwaka, Liberia: [[2019]] *Wakfu wa One World Inc. Unaoathiri Kiongozi Kijana wa Kike barani Afrika: 2017 *Kijana Mwenye Ushawishi Zaidi na Mtetezi wa Haki za Watoto Mwenye Ushawishi Mkubwa: 2016<ref name=":1" /> *Tuzo za kimataifa za Diana Princess of Wales: 2016 *Serikali ya Baraza la Wanafunzi, Shule ya Kikatoliki ya St Edward, Monrovia Liberia Mtetezi Bora Zaidi wa Kike Kijana: [[2016]] *Mjadala wa Shule za Upili za Liberia wa Mshindani wa Thamani Zaidi (MVP) na mmoja wa Wazungumzaji Wenye Ufasaha Zaidi: 2016<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210415051324/https://www.liberianobserver.com/lib-life/breeding-a-new-generation-of-liberian-intellectuals/</ref> *Chama cha Waandishi wa Habari wa Kaunti ya Margibi na Kanisa la Kikristo la Redeem life, Jiji la Kakata, Kaunti ya Margibi Mtangazaji Bora wa Vijana: 2015 ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] tutblgjnsbak45sr1vfcywvn1wji4z8 1590128 1590093 2026-08-22T00:02:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{wikigapjwk2026}}}} '''Satta Fatumata Sheriff''' ni mwanaharakati wa [[haki za binadamu]] nchini Liberia, mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Action for Justice and Human Rights(AJHR), shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalofanya kazi ya kudai upatikanaji wa haki na heshima kwa haki za binadamu nchini Liberia. Yeye ni mmoja wa Vijana 100<ref>http://www.bushchicken.com/on-day-of-the-african-child-rights-groups-want-justice-in-two-childrens-death/</ref> Wenye Ushawishi Mkubwa Zaidi Afrika, kiongozi kijana wa [[Malengo endelevu|Malengo ya Maendeleo Endelevu]], Umoja wa Mataifa<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201605181348.html</ref> na spika wa zamani wa [[Bunge]] la Watoto la Liberia. == Wasifu == Satta alizaliwa Aprili 12, [[1998]], wakati wa Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Liberia katika kaunti ya milimani ya Bong, Wilaya ya Fulmah Bongmines; alianza elimu ya msingi akiwa na umri wa miaka sita (6). Utetezi wa Satta ulianza akiwa na umri wa miaka (9) wakati msichana mwenzake wa miaka 13 alipotarajiwa kuolewa na mwanaume wa miaka thelathini na tisa katika jamii yake, Satta alihisi ilikuwa ni makosa; Muda mchache baadae aliongea na [[wazazi]] wa msichana huyo na kiongozi wa jamii, hivyo kusimamisha ndoa hiyo. Tangu wakati huo, amekuwa akifanya kazi kudai upatikanaji wa Haki na Heshima ya Haki za Binadamu nchini [[Liberia]]. ==Utetezi== Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, Satta alikua mwalimu rika ili kutoa uelewa kuhusu athari za Unyanyapaa na ubaguzi kwa Watoto na vijana walioathiriwa na VVU/UKIMWI nchini Liberia. Aliongoza timu ya wasichana vijana chini ya bendera "Binti za Wafalme” kuwaelimisha vijana kuhusu afya ya uzazi wa kijinsia, unyonyaji na unyanyasaji wa kingono, unyanyasaji, mimba za utotoni, njia za maambukizi na hatua za kuzuia VVU, Magonjwa ya zinaa na magonjwa ya zinaa katika Jiji la Kakata, Kaunti ya Margibi. Mapema mwaka wa 2017, msichana wa miaka 13 alidaiwa kubakwa na kupewa mimba na mbunge.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/2016news/liberia-children-forum-want-lawmaker-investigated-for-rape/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-03-02 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222073659/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/2016news/liberia-children-forum-want-lawmaker-investigated-for-rape/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kupitia utetezi wa Satta na wengine, uchunguzi ulifanyika, mbunge huyo alikamatwa na kesi yake ikapelekwa mahakamani. Mnamo 2016, Satta alianzisha Kamati ya Pamoja ya Utendaji wa Watoto (JACC) ili kutetea na kulinda haki za watoto nchini Liberia.<ref>https://sattafsheriff.blogspot.com/2018/04/from-child-activism-to-leading-positive.html</ref> Kupitia JACC, Satta aliendeleza Kampeni ya kitaifa ya kuwahukumu wauaji wa watoto wawili wa Liberia (Alvin Moses na Ruben Paye) ambao waliuawa kwa njia ya ajabu mwaka wa 2015. Tangu 2016, Satta amewawakilisha Wasichana na Watoto wa Liberia katika Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Mataifa huko New York, na Makao Makuu ya Umoja wa Afrika kwa nyakati tofauti ili kutetea haki za Watoto na Wasichana kimataifa<ref name=":0">https://youthaidliberia.weebly.com/liberias-young-personality-of-the-month.html</ref> Mapema mwaka wa 2016, Satta alipewa Tuzo ya Diana Princess of Wales Active Campaigner kwa kutetea haki za watoto na kuhakikisha nafasi salama kwa wasichana na watoto nchini Liberia. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, Satta alichaguliwa kuwa Spika wa kwanza mwanamke wa Bunge la Watoto la Liberia na watoto kutoka kote Liberia katika tawi kumi na tano (15) la kisiasa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210227093620/https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/child-advocate-reminds-gol-about-displeasing-attitude-toward-child-justice/</ref> Akiwa sauti rasmi ya Watoto wa Liberia, Satta alitoa mapendekezo kwa niaba ya watoto na kuwawakilisha watoto wa Liberia ndani, kitaifa na kimataifa. Mnamo 2016, Satta alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa Vijana lenye Ushawishi Mkubwa Zaidi nchini Liberia kwa utetezi wake na msimamo wake katika masuala ya kitaifa. Mnamo mwaka wa 2015 wakati wa janga la Ebola nchini Liberia, Satta alianzisha kipindi cha redio kinachoitwa "Watoto na U" kwenye Radio Joy Africa 97.5 MHz katika Jiji la Kakata, Kaunti ya Margibi kukuza haki za watoto na kuwapa watoto nafasi ya kuzungumzia masuala yanayowaathiri katika jamii.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya Ebola, Satta pia aliunda mradi ambao hatimaye ukawa kampeni yenye jina la "Msaada Wako, Mustakabali Wetu" kuomba vitu mbalimbali vya shule kwa ajili ya watoto yatima hasa wanafunzi walioathiriwa na Ugonjwa wa Ebola<ref name=":1">{{Citation|title=Satta Sheriff - Glocal International Teen Conference|url=https://gitc.glocalteenhero.com/speakers/satta-sheriff/|work=Glocal International Teen Conference|language=en-US|access-date=2026-03-02|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027025557/https://gitc.glocalteenhero.com/speakers/satta-sheriff/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tuzo== *Tuzo ya Utofauti ya Lillian Franklin: 2021 *100 Most Influential Young Africans: [[2020]] *Mtetezi Maarufu Zaidi wa Vijana wa Mwaka, Liberia: [[2019]] *Wakfu wa One World Inc. Unaoathiri Kiongozi Kijana wa Kike barani Afrika: 2017 *Kijana Mwenye Ushawishi Zaidi na Mtetezi wa Haki za Watoto Mwenye Ushawishi Mkubwa: 2016<ref name=":1" /> *Tuzo za kimataifa za Diana Princess of Wales: 2016 *Serikali ya Baraza la Wanafunzi, Shule ya Kikatoliki ya St Edward, Monrovia Liberia Mtetezi Bora Zaidi wa Kike Kijana: [[2016]] *Mjadala wa Shule za Upili za Liberia wa Mshindani wa Thamani Zaidi (MVP) na mmoja wa Wazungumzaji Wenye Ufasaha Zaidi: 2016<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210415051324/https://www.liberianobserver.com/lib-life/breeding-a-new-generation-of-liberian-intellectuals/</ref> *Chama cha Waandishi wa Habari wa Kaunti ya Margibi na Kanisa la Kikristo la Redeem life, Jiji la Kakata, Kaunti ya Margibi Mtangazaji Bora wa Vijana: 2015 ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] 7u8510y8ct52udrghedcwc6u10ggn8n 0 223035 1590339 1489465 2026-08-22T11:16:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Éder Aleixo de Assis''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[25 Mei]] [[1957]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la Éder, ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Brazil]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya winga wa kushoto na pia kama mshambuliaji, akijulikana zaidi kwa mafanikio yake akiwa na klabu ya Atlético Mineiro katika mashindano ya Campeonato Brasileiro pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Brazil. Aidha, aliwahi kuichezea klabu za Palmeiras na Grêmio miongoni mwa nyinginezo. Baadaye alihamia nchini Uturuki, ambako alicheza kwa klabu ya Malatyaspor katika msimu wa 1988–89, sambamba na wachezaji Carlos na Serginho.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/2005/novembre/20/Quando_calcio_esalta_potenza_ga_10_0511206445.shtml|title=Quando il calcio esalta la potenza|trans-title=When football glorifies power|work=La Gazzetta dello Sport|language=Italian|author=Antonino Morici|date=20 November 2005|accessdate=16 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="uol">{{cite web|url=http://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/biografias/401/eder/|title=Éder – Futebol|publisher=UOL Esporte|language=Portuguese|accessdate=16 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="fim">{{cite web|url=http://terceirotempo.ig.com.br/quefimlevou_interna.php?id=3175&sessao=f|title=Que Fim Levou? – Éder|publisher=terceirotempo.ig.com.br|language=Portuguese|accessdate=17 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corrieredellosport.it/remember/2011/03/03-158688/Eder,+il+micidiale+mancino+dei+Mondiali+del++1982|title=Eder, il micidiale mancino dei Mondiali del 1982|publisher=Il Corriere dello Sport|language=Italian|author1=Pietro Cabras|date=3 March 2011|accessdate=16 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330060611/http://www.corrieredellosport.it/remember/2011/03/03-158688/Eder%2C+il+micidiale+mancino+dei+Mondiali+del++1982|archive-date=30 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="storiedicalcio">{{cite web|url=http://storiedicalcio.altervista.org/blog/eder.html|title=EDER: il piede sinistro di Dio|work=Storie di Calcio|language=Italian|author=Giuseppe Ottomano|date=16 December 2015|accessdate=16 May 2017|archive-date=2017-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621155206/http://storiedicalcio.altervista.org/blog/eder.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/that-1980s-sports-blog/2014/jul/02/brazil-1982-world-cup-goals-ranked-15|title=Ranking all 15 of Brazil's goals at the 1982 World Cup|work=The Guardian|author1=Steven Pye|date=2 July 2014|accessdate=16 May 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] 2q8tjwb7ml08qr6m81k2raxeh7jk4yj 0 226377 1590069 1499903 2026-08-21T21:29:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Samba Traoré (1993)''''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[tamthilia]] ya [[Burkina Faso]] katika lugha ya [[Kimoore|Kimossi]] iliyoongozwa na Idrissa Ouedraogo. Iliingizwa katika Tamasha la 43 la Kimataifa la Filamu la Berlin ambapo ilishinda ''Silver Bear''. <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108031/</ref> == Muktadha == Wanaume wawili wanashikilia kituo cha mafuta katikati ya usiku. Mmoja wao anauawa. Yule mwingine, Samba, anakimbia na sanduku lililojaa pesa. Anarudi kijijini kwake na bahati yake mpya na kuanza maisha mapya. Anafungua baa, anaoa… Lakini hawezi kusahau alichofanya. Anaishi kwa hofu ya mara kwa mara ya kukamatwa na polisi na majirani zake wakishangaa kuhusu maisha yake ya zamani… Je, mtu anaweza kusahau maisha ya zamani ya kusikitisha na kurudi kwenye maisha ya kawaida kwa urahisi hivyo? == Marejeo == <references /> == Kiungo cha Nje == * https://fcat.es/FCAT/?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=470&Itemid=37 {{Wayback|url=https://fcat.es/FCAT/?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=470&Itemid=37 |date=20250422222614 }} [[Jamii:Filamu za Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2003]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] e1zkisg20vxd1ywl7lmcy4tpxhymd2c 0 227115 1589985 1571229 2026-08-21T16:50:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priscilla Ikos Usiobaifo''' ni mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake kutoka [[Nigeria]] anayejihusisha na masuala ya usawa wa kijinsia na kupambana na [[ukatili wa kijinsia]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa ''BraveHeart Initiative for Youth and Women (BHI)''.<ref name="vanguard2025">{{Rejea habari |author=Esther Onyegbula |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/04/the-courage-to-change-priscilla-usiobaifos-bold-fight-for-women-girls/ |title=The courage to change: Priscilla Usiobaifo’s bold fight for women, girls |newspaper=Vanguard |location=Lagos, Nigeria |date=6 April 2025 |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2021]] alitajwa miongoni mwa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika sera za usawa wa kijinsia na taasisi ya Apolitical, pamoja na Stella Nyanzi na Fatima Denton.<ref name="vanguard2025" /><ref name="apolitical">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://apolitical.co/list/en/gender-equality-100 |title=Apolitical's 100 Most Influential People in Gender Policy |website=Apolitical |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> Aidha, mwaka [[2024]] alipokea tuzo ya “Woman of Courage” kutoka Ubalozi wa [[Marekani]] nchini Nigeria.<ref name="nationWomanOfCourage2024">{{Rejea habari |author=Evelyn Osagie |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/meet-us-mission-2024-woman-of-courage/ |title=Meet US Mission 2024 Woman of Courage |newspaper=The Nation |location=Lagos, Nigeria |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> == Kazi == Kazi za utetezi za Usiobaifo zilichochewa na uzoefu wake wa kushuhudia ukosefu wa usawa wa kijinsia na ukatili unaowaathiri wanawake na wasichana katika jamii zisizojiweza.<ref name="premiumSGBV2024">{{Rejea habari |author=Nike Adebowale-Tambe |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/652204-how-judiciary-can-support-fight-against-sgbv-in-nigeria-advocate.html |title=How judiciary can support fight against SGBV in Nigeria – Advocate |newspaper=Premium Times |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> Alianzisha ''BraveHeart Initiative'' mwaka 2002 kama klabu ya maendeleo ya vijana katika eneo la Igara, Edo State.<ref name="premiumSGBV2024" /> Shirika hilo lilirasimishwa mnamo mwaka [[2009]] kama asasi isiyo ya kiserikali inayojihusisha na afya ya uzazi na haki zake pamoja na kupambana na ukatili wa kijinsia.<ref name="premiumSGBV2024" /> == Kesi muhimu na utetezi == Kupitia BHI, Usiobaifo alihusika katika kufuatilia kesi ya Jacob Alonge aliyepatikana na hatia ya kumbaka binti yake mnamo mwaka [[2019]]. Alitoroka gerezani wakati wa vurugu za #EndSARS mnamo mwaka [[2020]] na kukamatwa tena mwezi [[Mei]] 2024.<ref name="tellAlongeInterview">{{Rejea tovuti |author=Adekunbi Ero |url=https://tell.ng/incestuous-rape-conviction-of-jacob-alonge-proof-that-justice-is-not-evasive-priscilla-usiobaifo-interview/ |title=Incestuous rape conviction of Jacob Alonge |website=TELL Magazine |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> Ametajwa kama sauti muhimu katika kupinga ubakaji na kusaidia manusura wa ukatili wa kijinsia nchini Nigeria.<ref name="vanguard2025" /> Pia ametambuliwa kwa kusaidia kupata hukumu katika kesi nyingi za ukatili wa kijinsia.<ref name="wanep2020">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://wanep.org/wanep/files/2020/Jul/Gender_Connect_JUNE_2020_final.pdf |title=Gender Connect – June 2020 |website=WANEP |date=June 2020 |access-date=20 February 2026 |archive-date=2026-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410185613/https://wanep.org/wanep/files/2020/Jul/Gender_Connect_JUNE_2020_final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Majukwaa na ushiriki wa umma == Katika kampeni ya 16 Days of Activism dhidi ya ukatili wa kijinsia mnamo mwaka [[2022]], alishiriki mjadala pamoja na Omowumi Ogunrotimi.<ref name="VoiceNaija-UNITE">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://voicenaija.org/Resources/Resource?title=%22UNITE%21%E2%80%9D%20Activism%20to%20End%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Girls |title=UNITE! Activism to End Violence Against Women and Girls |website=VoiceNaija |access-date=20 February 2026 |archive-date=2025-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208000900/https://voicenaija.org/Resources/Resource?title=%22UNITE%21%E2%80%9D%20Activism%20to%20End%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Girls |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amehusika pia katika shughuli za Ford Foundation zinazolenga kupambana na ukatili wa kijinsia.<ref name="insightsGBV">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://insightsng.com/nigerians-partner-ford-foundation-to-end-gender-based-violence/ |title=Nigerians Partner Ford Foundation to End Gender-Based Violence |website=Insights Nigeria |access-date=20 February 2026}}</ref> == Tuzo na utambuzi == * Mwaka 2025 alipokea tuzo ya ''Empowerment Champion Award'' kutoka Wizara ya Masuala ya Wanawake na Maendeleo ya Jamii ya Edo State, kwa kutambua mchango wake mkubwa katika kukuza elimu, ustawi wa jamii na usawa wa kijinsia, hasa katika jamii za vijijini.<ref name="vanguard2025" /> * Mwaka 2024 alitunukiwa tuzo ya “Woman of Courage” kutoka Ubalozi wa Marekani nchini Nigeria, ambayo hutolewa kwa wanawake wanaoonyesha ujasiri wa kipekee katika kupigania haki za binadamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na juhudi zake za kupambana na ukatili wa kijinsia na kuleta mabadiliko ya kijamii.<ref name="nationWomanOfCourage2024" /> * Mwaka 2021 aliorodheshwa miongoni mwa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika sera za usawa wa kijinsia na taasisi ya Apolitical, orodha inayotambua viongozi wa kimataifa wanaochangia katika maendeleo ya sera na mabadiliko ya kijamii yanayohusiana na haki za wanawake na usawa wa kijinsia.<ref name="apolitical" /> * Mwaka 2012 aliteuliwa kwa tuzo za ''The Future Awards Africa'' katika kipengele cha matumizi bora ya utetezi, hatua iliyotambua mchango wake wa mapema katika kutumia utetezi kama chombo cha kuleta mabadiliko chanya katika jamii. == Marejeo == <references/> k0s3uczcdtulvpvxggrv25tai9voamg 0 229261 1590126 1525752 2026-08-21T23:59:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590126 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Shut 'Em Down'''" ni wimbo wa kundi la hip hop la Marekani [[Onyx]]. Ulitolewa tarehe 3 Februari 1998 kupitia [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] na [[JMJ Records]] kama singo ya pili kutoka katika albamu yao ya tatu, ''[[Shut 'Em Down (album)|Shut 'Em Down]]''. Wimbo huu unamshirikisha msanii mwenzao wa lebo, [[DMX]]. Ulitayarishwa na Self, ''Shut 'Em Down'' ulifanikiwa kuingia kwenye chati za R&B na rap, ukifikia nafasi ya 61 kwenye chati ya Marekani [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks]] na nafasi ya 43 kwenye chati ya Marekani [[Hot Rap Singles]]. Remix rasmi, ambayo pia ilijumuishwa kwenye albamu ya ''Shut 'Em Down'', uliwashirikisha marapa [[N.O.R.E.|Noreaga]] na [[Big Pun]] na pia ulijumuishwa kwenye mchezo wa video wa mwaka 2005, ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]]''. ==Usuli== Katika mahojiano kwenye "White Label Radio", Fredro Starr alielezea jinsi Onyx walivyorekodi wimbo huu. [[DMX]] alifika katika studio ya [[New York City|NYC]], "Sound On Sound Studios", kurekodi wimbo "Shut 'Em Down" akiwa ameambatana na mbwa wake wa [[pitbull]] na wanachama wa [[Ruff Ryders Entertainment|Ruff Ryders]], lakini wakati wa upigaji wa video katika [[Downtown Los Angeles]], alifika peke yake akiwa na mbwa hao!<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RhFaIqD9aw&t=1159 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/_RhFaIqD9aw |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Fredro Starr Speaks With White Label Radio (Los Angeles) [April 16, 2015] - 19:19| website=youtube.com |date=28 April 2015 |access-date=2018-10-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ==Video ya muziki== Video ya muziki iliongozwa na [[Gregory Dark]] na ilirekodiwa mjini [[Downtown Los Angeles]] mwezi Desemba 1997 na ilitolewa kwenye "[[The Box (American TV channel)|The BOX]]" mwezi Februari 1998.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.mvdbase.com/video.php?id=21020|title=Onyx feat. DMX - Shut 'em down|website=mvdbase.com|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006234930/http://www.mvdbase.com/video.php?id=21020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Video hiyo inaweza kupatikana kwenye DVD ya mwaka 2008 ''Onyx: 15 Years Of Videos, History And Violence''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1231274/?ref_=nv_sr_2|title=Onyx: 15 Years of Videos, History & Violence (2008)| website=imdb.com |access-date=2018-10-06}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni maarufu == * Mwaka 2001, ala (instrumental) ya wimbo huu ilitumika kwenye filamu ''Santa Cruz - Uprising'', inayohusu skateboarding.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.skatevideosite.com/skatevideos/santa-cruz-uprising/soundtrack|title=Santa Cruz - Uprising (2011)|website=skatevideosite.com|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006195015/http://www.skatevideosite.com/skatevideos/santa-cruz-uprising/soundtrack|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mwaka 2005, "Shut 'Em Down (Remix)" ulijumuishwa kwenye mchezo wa video ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories]]''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0465482/soundtrack|title=Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories (2005 Video Game) - Soundtracks| website=imdb.com |access-date=2018-10-06}}</ref> == Heshima == Mwaka 2012, kundi la [[Mongolian hip-hop]] Ice Top lilirekodi toleo la wimbo "Shut 'Em Down Remix" kwa jina "Shartai" na kurekodi video yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTEhkVAYhmA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/DTEhkVAYhmA |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|title=Ice Top "Shartai" (Music Video)| website=youtube.com |date=5 August 2012 |access-date=2018-08-31}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Mwaka 2017, kwa heshima ya kumbukumbu ya miaka 19 ya albamu ya Onyx "Shut 'Em Down", rapa wa [[Atlanta]] Sick Flo, ambaye pia ni mwanachama wa harakati ya Onyx "100 MAD", alitoa video ya heshima "Shut 'Em Down".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| url= https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1441949295848707&id=109874265722890|title=Sick Flo - Shut 'Em Down (Freestyle) (Music Video)| website=facebook.com |access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref> ==Matoleo== Singo ilitolewa ikiwa na stika ya matangazo: "Kutoka kwenye albamu ijayo 'Shut 'Em Down' itakayopatikana madukani Machi 17, 1998". ===Orodha ya nyimbo (vinyl 12")=== A-Side: # "Shut 'Em Down" (Radio Edit)- 3:26 <small>(akimshirikisha [[DMX]])</small> # "Shut 'Em Down" (LP Version)- 3:59 <small>(akimshirikisha [[DMX]])</small> # "Shut 'Em Down" (Instrumental)- 3:53 B-Side: # "Raze It Up" (Radio Edit)- 4:03 # "Raze It Up" (LP Version)- 4:03 # "Raze It Up" (Instrumental)- 4:03 C-Side: # "Throw Ya Gunz" (Radio Edit)- 3:16 # "Throw Ya Gunz" (LP Version)- 4:02 # "Throw Ya Gunz" (Instrumental)- 4:12 # "Shifftee" (LP Version)- 3:18 D-Side: # "Last Dayz" (Radio Edit)- 3:32 # "Last Dayz" (LP Version)- 3:31 # "Last Dayz" (Instrumental)- 3:31 # "Evil Streets" (Remix)- 4:18 <small>(akimshirikisha [[Method Man]])</small> ===Orodha ya nyimbo (CD promo)=== # "Shut 'Em Down" (Radio Edit)- 3:26 ==Sampuli== * "Vieillir" ya [[Jacques Brel]] ==Wahusika== * Onyx – wasanii, sauti * Fredro Starr – msanii, sauti, mtayarishaji ("Last Dayz") * Sticky Fingaz – msanii, sauti * Sonny Seeza – msanii, sauti * Self – mtayarishaji ("Shut 'Em Down") * Ken "DURO" Ifill – mhandisi wa sauti * DJ LS One – mhandisi, scratches * Tom Coyne – mastering * Keith Horne – mtayarishaji ("Raze It Up") * Don Elliot – mhandisi * Chyskillz – mtayarishaji * Troy Hightower – mhandisi * Norman Bullard – msaidizi wa uhandisi * Jam Master Jay – mtayarishaji * Rich July – mhandisi * Swift – mhandisi ==Chati== {| class="wikitable" !Chati !Nafasi |- |US [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]) |align="left"|61 |- |US [[Hot Rap Singles]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]) |align="left"|43 |- |US [[Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]) |align="left"|26 |- |[[UK Singles Chart|Chati ya Uingereza]] | 136 |} ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://genius.com/Onyx-shut-em-down-lyrics Shut 'Em Down at RapGenius] *[https://www.discogs.com/Onyx-Shut-Em-Down/release/408995 Shut 'Em Down at Discogs] *{{YouTube|UJrWjUBrrQk|"Shut 'Em Down"}} {{Onyx}} {{DMX}} [[Category:Nyimbo za 1997]] [[Category:Nyimbo za 1998]] [[Category:Nyimbo za DMX]] [[Category:Nyiombo za Onyx]] [[Category:Nyimbo zilizotungwa na DMX]] hgmr0ubvuwzfy6lzquaksfl522t4o22 0 229849 1590176 1508298 2026-08-22T04:10:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toni Kamau''' (alizaliwa [[1983]]) ni mtayarishaji wa makala na mwandishi wa hadithi za kubuni kutoka Kenya. Anajulikana kwa kutengeneza makala za filamu ''Softie'', ''I Am Samuel'' na ''The Battle for Laikipia'' . Kazi zake zimeonyeshwa katika matamasha ya filamu ya kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tamasha la Filamu la Sundance . Mnamo 2024, alipokea Tuzo la Mtayarishaji wa Hadithi Zisizo za Kubuniwa la Sundance Amazon MGM Studios kwa ''The Battle for Laikipia'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Announcing the Recipients of the 2024 Sundance Institute Amazon MGM Studios Producers Awards|url=https://www.sundance.org/blogs/announcing-the-recipients-of-the-2024-sundance-institute-amazon-mgm-studios-producers-awards/|publisher=Sundance Institute|year=2024}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nzyoka|first=Nzula|date=2024-01-29|title=Toni Kamau wins non-fiction prize at Sundance|url=https://www.kbc.co.ke/toni-kamau-win-non-fiction-prize-at-sundance/|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=KBC Digital|language=en-US}}</ref> Kamau ni mwanachama wa tawi la makala ya Chuo cha Sanaa na Sayansi ya Filamu, pamoja na Chama cha Watayarishaji wa Amerika na Chama cha Watayarishaji wa Kenya. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2026-01-30|title=Kenyan producer Toni Kamau appointed juror for Sundance 2026|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/buzz/kenyan-producer-toni-kamau-appointed-juror-for-sundance-2026-5336032|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Pia anahudumu katika bodi ya Chama cha Kimataifa cha Makala . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bob Berney, Paula Ossandon Cabrera, Toni Kamau appointed to IDA board|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/bob-berney-paula-ossandon-cabrera-toni-kamau-appointed-to-ida-board-1236118540/|publisher=Deadline|year=2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Carey|first=Matthew|date=2024-10-17|title=Bob Berney, Paula Ossandón Cabrera, Toni Kamau Join Board Of International Documentary Association|url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/bob-berney-paula-ossandon-cabrera-toni-kamau-appointed-to-ida-board-1236118540/|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kamau alizaliwa na kukulia [[Kenya]] . Ameelezea uzoefu wake wa mapema kwenye vyombo vya habari kama mdogo, huku ufikiaji wake hasa kwenye programu za kimataifa kama vile [[BBC]] News, [[CNN]], ''Cheers'', na ''Monty Python'' . <ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2026-01-30|title=Kenyan producer Toni Kamau appointed juror for Sundance 2026|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/buzz/kenyan-producer-toni-kamau-appointed-juror-for-sundance-2026-5336032|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Uzoefu huu wa mapema uliathiri mtazamo wake kuhusu usimulizi wa hadithi, na kumfanya aelekee katika kutoa masimulizi yanayoakisi kwa usahihi jamii za Kiafrika, utambulisho, na uzoefu alioupata. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mahugu|first=Jacqueline|title=Charting her own course through storytelling|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001398389/charting-her-own-course-through-storytelling|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Kamau alianza kazi yake katika utayarishaji wa televisheni kama mtayarishaji wa mfululizo wa ''Hatua'', kipindi cha mazungumzo kinachozingatia haki za binadamu kinachoungwa mkono na Open Society Initiative . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=odette-hooper|date=2014-03-18|title=International Level Television and Film Training in East Africa|url=https://www.slideserve.com/odette-hooper/international-level-television-and-film-training-in-east-africa|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=SlideServe|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alianzisha On Screen Productions Ltd pamoja na Wanzilu Mangi na Christine Kinyanjui. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nzyoka|first=Nzula|date=2023-08-25|title=Q and A with award-winning creative producer, founder of WANTM Toni Kamau|url=https://www.kbc.co.ke/q-and-a-with-award-winning-creative-producer-founder-of-wantm-toni-kamau/|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=KBC Digital|language=en-US}}</ref> Kampuni hiyo iliendesha shughuli zake kati ya 2009 na 2018 na kutoa maudhui kwa wateja wakiwemo [[Safaricom]] na Wakfu wa M-Pesa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Kamau|first=Richard|date=2021-10-04|title=In Conversation with Film Producer Toni Kamau|url=https://nairobiwire.com/2021/10/in-conversation-with-film-producer-toni-kamau.html|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=Nairobi Wire|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia ilitoa huduma za uzalishaji kwa ajili ya miradi ya vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa na mitindo, ikiwa ni pamoja na upigaji picha wa jalada la ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' la 2016 akimshirikisha [[Lupita Nyong'o]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mahugu|first=Jacque|title=Charming Lupita Nyong’o graces ‘Vogue’ cover|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2000216261/charming-lupita-nyongo-graces-vogue-cover|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Wakati wa muda wake na On Screen Productions, Kamau pia aliongoza na kutoa maudhui ya televisheni yenye ukweli, ikiwa ni pamoja na filamu fupi ''ya Silicon Savannah'' kwa ajili ya [[BBC]] na TVE. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Silicon Savannah {{!}} Bullfrog Films: 1-800-543-3764: Environmental DVDs and Educational DVDs|url=https://www.bullfrogfilms.com/catalog/lass.html|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=www.bullfrogfilms.com}}</ref> Mnamo 2017, Kamau alianzisha kampuni ya uzalishaji ya We Are Not the Machine, kampuni yenye makao yake makuu Kenya inayolenga kusimulia hadithi kuhusu jamii za Kiafrika na masuala ya kijamii duniani. <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=LBx Africa|url=https://lbxafrica.com/news/why-film-producers-matter|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=lbxafrica.com}}</ref> Kupitia kampuni hiyo, ameshirikiana na mashirika ya kimataifa na vyombo vya habari. Maudhui yake ya makala yaliyoagizwa na kutayarishwa kwa huduma yamerushwa kwenye mitandao mikubwa ya kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Al Jazeera, MTV Europe, Bloomberg, Voice of America, BBC Africa, na ARTE Digital. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Release|first=Press|date=2023-09-06|title=From Documentaries to Podcasts: We Are Not The Machine Explores New Frontiers in African Storytelling|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/from-documentaries-to-podcasts-we-are-not-the-machine-explores-new-frontiers-in-african-storytelling/|accessdate=2026-04-15|work=FrontPageAfrica|language=en|archive-date=2026-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260424070310/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/news/from-documentaries-to-podcasts-we-are-not-the-machine-explores-new-frontiers-in-african-storytelling/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji filamu nchi kwa nchi]] 53p1xssdor2rov522w77chvjxinzh1l 0 229896 1590067 1568938 2026-08-21T21:15:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salimatou Fatty''' (amezaliwa 2 Februari 1994) ni mwalimu na mtetezi wa usawa wa kijinsia kutoka [[Gambia]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Salimatou Foundation for Education, shirika la hisani nchini Gambia linalotetea upatikanaji wa elimu bora kwa gharama nafuu kwa wote. Pia ni Balozi wa Vijana wa Kimataifa katika Global Partnership for Education. Mwaka 2017, alitajwa miongoni mwa vijana 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa barani Afrika kutokana na juhudi zake katika kukuza elimu kwa wasichana wadogo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.globalpartnership.org/users/sfatty|title=Salimatou Fatty {{!}} Global Partnership for Education|website=www.globalpartnership.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2019-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126164343/https://www.globalpartnership.org/users/sfatty|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/salimatou-fatty-represents-west-africa-at-asian-conference|title=Salimatou Fatty represents West Africa at Asian Conference|last=|first=|date=|website=The Point|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201708310718.html|title=Gambia: Young Gambian Activist Among Most Influential Africans|last=|first=|date=|website=allAfrica|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> ==Elimu== Fatty alianza elimu yake katika taasisi ya Kiarabu ambako alijifunza kuhusu dini ya [[Islam]]. Aliendelea na masomo katika Shule ya Msingi ya Kerewan hadi darasa la pili. Baada ya hapo, yeye pamoja na familia yake walihamia mjini Faji Kunda. Alisomea masuala ya Jinsia na Maendeleo katika Management Development Institute na kwa sasa anasomea sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Gambia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.whatson-gambia.com/exclusive/1460-interview-with-salimatou-fatty-the-young-woman-who-wants-every-child-to-attend-school|title=Interview with Salimatou Fatty: The young woman who wants every child to attend school|last=Khan|first=Alieu|website=What's On Gambia - Gambian Celebrity gossip, nightlife, entertainment news, culture & lifestyle|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630205020/http://www.whatson-gambia.com/exclusive/1460-interview-with-salimatou-fatty-the-young-woman-who-wants-every-child-to-attend-school|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Uanaharakati== Salimatou alianza kazi yake ya kibinadamu mwaka 2014 baada ya kumaliza elimu ya sekondari. Aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Vijana wa Kimataifa na shirika la A World At School kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2017. Alianzisha Salimatou Foundation for Education mwezi Novemba 2015. Shirika lake linatetea elimu bora kwa wote na usawa wa kijinsia. Aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya African Youth Award katika kipengele cha “Mtetezi wa Mwaka” mwezi Desemba 2016. Pia alitajwa kama “Msichana wa Mwezi” Septemba 2016 na Girls Pride Circle, na “Kijana wa Wiki” mwezi Machi 2016 na Young People in the Media. Salimatou ni mhitimu wa mpango wa Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI RLC). Mwaka 2017 alitajwa kama “Mwanamke wa Afrika wa Siku” na MTV Ghana tarehe 3 Machi, na pia akaorodheshwa miongoni mwa viongozi vijana 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa barani Afrika na African Youth Award. Amehudhuria na kuwakilisha katika mikutano na makongamano mbalimbali barani Afrika, Asia, Amerika, Ulaya na Uingereza kuhusu masuala ya kibinadamu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|title=Salimatou Fatty {{!}} A Journey to — 'Education for All'|date=2019-01-15|website=learningonline.xyz|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184339/https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Fatty alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Kerewan katika North Bank Division ya [[The Gambia|Gambia]] mwaka 1994, akiwa mtoto wa Aja Fatoumatta Jarra Ceesay na Alhajie Saikou Fatty. Ni mtoto wa saba kati ya watoto tisa. Alisoma katika Oustass Keita Dara ambapo alijifunza na kuimarisha imani yake ya dini ya [[Islam]]. Baba yake alifariki alipokuwa na umri wa mwaka mmoja tu, na hivyo kulelewa na mama yake peke yake. Mwezi Januari 2019, baada ya uchunguzi wa afya, aligundulika kuwa na tatizo la mgongo linaloitwa scoliosis nyingi. Katika mwaka huo huo wa 2019, alipambana pia na changamoto ya msongo wa mawazo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|title=Salimatou Fatty {{!}} A Journey to — 'Education for All'|date=2019-01-15|website=learningonline.xyz|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184339/https://learningonline.xyz/something-good/salimatou-fatty-a-journey-to-education-for-all|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Gambia]] 39sc11asgq08f0rp48ga41hsdkn8k7t 0 230652 1590074 1579870 2026-08-21T21:44:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel D. Tweah''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Liberia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Finance Minister Tweah Urges Liberians to Give CDC Another Six Years to Effectuate Genuine Development|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/politics/finance-minister-tweah-urges-liberians-to-give-cdc-another-six-years-to-effectuate-genuine-development%EF%BF%BC/|work=FrontPageAfrica|date=2022-11-08|accessdate=2026-04-26|language=en|author=J. H. Webster Clayeh|archive-date=2025-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251008102119/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/politics/finance-minister-tweah-urges-liberians-to-give-cdc-another-six-years-to-effectuate-genuine-development%EF%BF%BC/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Fedha mnamo Januari 2018 na Rais George Weah.<ref>{{Citation|title=Profile of the Minister|url=https://www.mfdp.gov.lr/index.php/about-ofm/fm-profile|language=en-gb|access-date=2026-04-26|archive-date=2023-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428090331/https://www.mfdp.gov.lr/index.php/about-ofm/fm-profile|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizaliwa tarehe 6 Mei 1971 katika Kaunti ya Maryland. Ana shahada ya uchumi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha George [[Washington]]. Tarehe 11 Desemba 2023, Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani (U.S. State Department) ilimtaja Tweah pamoja na wanachama wawili wa Seneti ya Liberia chini ya kifungu cha 7031(c) cha sheria ya ruzuku za Idara ya Mambo ya Nje na shughuli zinazohusiana za mwaka 2023. Walituhumiwa kwa “ushiriki katika rushwa kubwa kwa kutumia nyadhifa zao za umma kwa kuomba, kupokea, na kutoa rushwa ili kuathiri michakato ya bunge na fedha za umma, ikiwemo taarifa za bunge na shughuli za sekta ya madini.” == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Liberia]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] 2kmnjhpb5vjdh5ugt4e2ygnzys5h687 0 231091 1590003 1522812 2026-08-21T17:36:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ramón Guzmán Carbonell''' ([[22 Januari]] [[1907]] – [[1 Aprili]] [[1954]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. ==Kazi== Alizaliwa mjini [[Barcelona]], akaichezea klabu ya FC Barcelona kati ya mwaka 1928 na 1935.<ref name="RGC">{{cite web|publisher=Mundo Deportivo|title=Galería de internacionales: Ramón Guzmán Carbonell|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1988/07/20/pagina-27/1176038/pdf.html|language=Spanish|date=20 July 1988|accessdate=2026-04-29|archive-date=2023-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616182736/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1988/07/20/pagina-27/1176038/pdf.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j11450.html|title=Player profile|accessdate=25 April 2014|publisher=BDFutbol}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1907|1954}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] b9903k13vgtoehq3mzcgn8a4xcr9stb 0 232748 1590094 1538697 2026-08-21T22:28:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saye''' '''Cissé''', aliyezaliwa huko Bakel mnamo tarehe 4 Juni 1989, ni [[mwanasiasa]] mwanamke wa [[Senegal]] na mwalimu. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha PASTEF katika idara ya Linguère.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Assemblée nationale du Sénégal|url=https://www.assemblee.sn/fr/deputes/cisse-saye|work=www.assemblee.sn|accessdate=2026-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PARCOURS DE L’HONORABLE DÉPUTÉE MME SAYE CISSÉ : Un engagement politique et éducatif au service du département de Linguère|url=https://senenet.net/2024/12/05/parcours-de-lhonorable-deputee-mme-saye-cisse-un-engagement-politique-et-educatif-au-service-du-departement-de-linguere/|work=Senenet.net|date=2024-12-05|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2025-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926014408/https://senenet.net/2024/12/05/parcours-de-lhonorable-deputee-mme-saye-cisse-un-engagement-politique-et-educatif-au-service-du-departement-de-linguere/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Senegal]] 5tf52s4ba2nt0chavxy0pg8h5rgxycf 0 233414 1590144 1539658 2026-08-22T01:49:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Surendar Valasai''' (Kisindhi: سريندر ولاسائي; alizaliwa [[11 Agosti]] [[1968]] karibu na Kaloi, Tharparkar, Pakistan) ni [[mwanahabari]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], wa jamii ya Meghwal/Dalit katika Wilaya ya Tharparkar District. Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Provincial Assembly of Sindh kwa kiti maalum cha makundi ya wachache kuanzia Agosti 2018 hadi Agosti 2023, na alichaguliwa tena kuwa MPA mwaka 2024. Pia anajulikana kama kiongozi wa jamii ya Meghwar, akihusika katika masuala ya uwakilishi wa kijamii na haki za jamii zake ndani ya Sindh.<ref>[http://m.gulfnews.com/hindus-happy-with-judge-s-elevation-1.168001 Hindus happy with judge's elevation]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Gulf News - 25 March 2007</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] ntu356g9xgqd23f49rk2w3zpwm9ruvc 0 236476 1590217 1587464 2026-08-22T07:45:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Deaths in month lead}} ==Januari 2026== ===1=== *[[Stuart Altman]], 88, Mchumi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hudsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/stuart-altman Stuart Harold Altman]</ref> *[[Marat Amankulov]], 55, Mwanasiasa wa Kyrgyzstan, Mbunge wa [[Baraza Kuu (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]] (2015–2021).<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:871212:Former_Speaker_of_Bishkek_City_Council_Marat_Amankulov_passes_away/ Former Speaker of Bishkek City Council Marat Amankulov passes away]</ref> *[[Yvan Aumont]], 87, Mhandisi na mwandishi wa habari wa Ufaransa (''[[Lys rouge]]'').<ref>[https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2026/01/03/communique-daction-francaise-un-camelot-du-roi-exemplaire/ Communiqué d'Action française – Un camelot du roi exemplaire] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Alan Baker (mchezaji mpira)|Alan Baker]], 81, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]).<ref>[https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2026/01/04/walsall-confirm-death-of-former-saddlers-and-aston-villa-creative-favourite-alan-baker/ Walsall confirm death of former Saddlers and Aston Villa creative favourite Alan Baker]</ref> *[[Allyn Bromley]], 97, Msanii wa sanaa za uoni na mwalimu wa sanaa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.oahumortuary.com/obituaries/Allyn-Bromley-Baron?obId=46910430 Allyn Bromley-Baron]</ref> *[[Xesús Cañedo]], 67, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha [[Partíu Asturianista]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.es/obituarios/fallece-xesus-canedo-referente-asturianismo-politico-cultural-20260101184030-nt.html Fallece Xesús Cañedo, referente del asturianismo político y cultural] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Lana Chornohorska]], 26, Askari wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://24tv.ua/lana-chornogorska-zaginula-fronti-1-sichnya-2026-shho-vidomo_n2982033 "Це велика втрата": na fronti zagynula operatorka droniv i mystkynya Lana Chornohorska] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Diane Crump]], 77, Mpanda farasi na mkufunzi wa farasi wa Marekani, glioblastoma.<ref>[https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/diane-crump-the-first-female-jockey-to-run-the-kentucky-derby-dies-at-77 Diane Crump, the first female jockey to race in the Kentucky Derby, dies at 77]</ref> *[[Nexhat Daci]], 81, Mwanasiasa wa Kosovo, Kaimu [[Rais wa Kosovo]] (2006) na [[Spika wa Bunge la Kosovo]] (2001–2006).<ref>[https://telegrafi.com/figura-e-shquar-e-politikes-dhe-shkences-lideret-politike-shprehin-dhimbjen-dhe-mirenjohje-per-nexhat-dacin/ Figura e shquar e politikës dhe shkencës - liderët politikë shprehin dhimbjen dhe mirënjohjen për Nexhat Dacin] {{in lang|sq}}</ref> *[[Brian Doyle (mwandishi wa Kanada)|Brian Doyle]], 90, Mwandishi wa Kanada.<ref>[https://ca.news.yahoo.com/brian-doyle-celebrated-ottawa-author-201928651.html Brian Doyle, celebrated Ottawa author, dies at age 90]</ref> *[[Yehezkel Dror]], 97, Mwanasayansi wa siasa wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Austria.<ref>[https://kula.co.il/news/71762 פרופסور יחזקאל דרור, חתן פרס ישראל, מת בגיל 98] {{Wayback|url=https://kula.co.il/news/71762 |date=20260311034925 }} {{in lang|he}}</ref> *[[Imants Freibergs]], 91, Mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa Latvia, [[Wenza wa Marais wa Latvia|First Gentleman]] (1999–2007).<ref>[https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/diplomacy/01.01.2026-ex-president-vike-freibergas-husband-imants-freibergs-dies.a628374/ Ex-president Vīķe-Freiberga's husband Imants Freibergs dies]</ref> *[[James Grauerholz]], 72, Mwandishi wa Marekani, nimonia.<ref>[https://simonwarner.substack.com/p/obituary-8-james-grauerholz%20Obituary%20#8:%20James%20Grauerholz]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Obituary #8: James Grauerholz</ref> *[[Mohammed Harbi]], 92, Mwanahistoria wa Algeria.<ref>[https://ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com/وفاة-مؤرخ-الثورة-الجزائرية-محمد-حربي/فريق-التحرير/أخبار وفاة مؤرخ الثورة الجزائرية محمد حربي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Huang Dongbi]], 86, Mwanadiplomasia wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316978 中国驻瓦努阿图原大使、驻美国芝加哥原总领事黄东璧逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Morris Kahn]], 95, Mtendaji wa sekta ya mawasiliano wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Afrika Kusini, mwanzilishi wa [[Golden Pages]], [[Amdocs]] na [[Aurec Group]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/billionaire-philanthropist-morris-kahn-dies-at-age-95/ Billionaire philanthropist Morris Kahn dies at 95]</ref> *[[Harvey C. Krautschun]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Dakota]] (1985–1996).<ref>[https://www.fidler-isburgfuneralchapels.com/obituaries/harvey-krautschun Harvey C. Krautschun]</ref> *[[Hiroshi Kume]], 81, Mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Japani, saratani ya mapafu.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260113/p2a/00m/0et/002000c Famed TV presenter Hiroshi Kume passes away at 81]</ref> *[[John Langdon (mchoraji chapa)|John Langdon]], 79, Mchoraji chapa na mbunifu wa picha wa Marekani.<ref>[https://punyamishra.com/2026/01/04/remembering-john-langdon/ Remembering John Langdon]</ref> *[[Arno Liiver]], 71, Muigizaji wa Estonia (''[[Spring (filamu ya 1969)|Spring]]'', ''[[Summer (filamu ya 1976)|Summer]]'', ''[[Autumn (filamu ya 1990)|Autumn]]'').<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609899628/suri-arno-talit-kehastanud-naitleja-arno-liiver Suri Arno Talit kehastanud näitleja Arno Liiver] {{in lang|et}}</ref> *[[Arnold Long]], 85, Mchezaji kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]], [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]), saratani.<ref>[https://www.kiaoval.com/arnold-long-1940-2026-obituary/ Arnold Long (1940-2026) - Obituary]</ref> *[[Volodymyr Marchenko]], 103, Mwanahisabati wa Ukraine ([[Mlinganyo wa Marchenko|Marchenko equation]], [[Mgawanyo wa Marchenko–Pastur|Marchenko–Pastur distribution]]).<ref>[https://www.nas.gov.ua/news/z-glibokim-sumom-spovishchayemo-shcho-1-sichnya-cr-na-104-mu-roci-pishov-iz-zhittya-vidatniy-ukranskiy-matematik-ta-organizator-nauki-akademik-nan-ukrani-volodimir-oleksandrovich-marchenko З глибоким сумом сповіщаємо, що 1 січня ц.р. на 104-му році пішов із життя видатний український математик та організатор науки academician of the NAS of Ukraine Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Marchenko] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Hélio Mauro]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Brazil, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Brazil)|deputy]] (1975–1978), [[Orodha ya mameya wa Goiânia|Meya wa Goiânia]] (1978–1979), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://anapolis.tribunadoplanalto.com.br/ex-prefeito-de-goiania-na-decada-de-1970-helio-mauro-umbelino-lobo-morre-em-anapolis Ex-prefeito de Goiânia na década de 1970, Hélio Mauro Umbelino Lobo morre em Anápolis] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Paul McCullagh Jr.]], 25, Bondia wa Ireland ya Kaskazini, saratani ya mifupa.<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/sport/other-sport/paul-mccullagh-jr-boxer-dies-age-25-father-confirms-heartbreaking-cause-of-death-5461203 Paul McCullagh Jr: Boxer dies age 25 as father confirms heartbreaking cause of death]</ref> *[[Colin McDonald (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1930)|Colin McDonald]], 95, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Headington United]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Uingereza|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/burnley-pay-tribute-to-their-former-great-and-england-goalkeeper-colin-mcdonald-5463161 Burnley pay tribute to their former great and England goalkeeper Colin McDonald]</ref> *[[Enric Mestre]], 89, Mchongaji sanamu wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/fallece-anos-enric-mestre-referente-mundial-ceramica-20260101195353-nt.html Fallece a los 89 años Enric Mestre, referente mundial de la cerámica] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mukhsin Mukhamadiev]], 59, Mchezaji mpira wa Tajikistan na Urusi ([[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Tajikistan|timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Urusi|timu ya taifa ya Urusi]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan).<ref>[https://tass.ru/sport/26070203 Умер бывший футболист "Спартака" Мухсин Мухамадиев] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[James Munby|Sir James Munby]], 77, Jaji wa Uingereza, [[Rais wa Kitengo cha Familia cha Mahakama Kuu]] (2013–2018), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.judiciary.uk/death-of-sir-james-munby/ Death of Sir James Munby]</ref> *[[Hubertus von Pilgrim]], 94, Mchongaji sanamu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/landkreismuenchen/hubertus-von-pilgrim-tod-bildhauer-muenchen-todesmarsch-mahnmal-li.3363292 Skulpteur der Erinnerung] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gregory de Polnay]], 82, Muigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Howards' Way]]'').<ref>[https://www.simplifia.fr/avis-de-deces/gregory-peter-de-polnay-poitiers Monsieur Gregory, Peter de Polnay]</ref> *[[Karen Poutasi|Dame Karen Poutasi]], 76, Afisa wa afya ya jamii wa New Zealand, [[Wizara ya Afya (New Zealand)|Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afya]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/583060/dame-karen-poutasi-first-female-director-general-of-health-dies-aged-76 Dame Karen Poutasi, first female director-general of health, dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Candy Raymond]], 75, Muigizaji wa kike wa Australia (''[[Don's Party (filamu)|Don's Party]]'', ''[[Number 96 (kipindi cha TV)|Number 96]]'', ''[[Prisoner (kipindi cha TV)|Prisoner]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/tributes-paid-to-australian-actor-candy-raymond-who-has-died-aged-75/news-story/39b6ff45f0e2a8eec3a17788621b6bc6 Tributes paid to Australian actor Candy Raymond who has died aged 75]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Amit Saar]], 47, Afisa wa ujasusi wa Israeli, mkuu wa [[Kitengo cha Utafiti (Aman)|Military Intelligence Research Department]] (2020–2024), saratani ya ubongo.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/amit-saar-top-idf-intelligence-officer-on-oct-7-dies-of-cancer-at-47/amp/ Amit Saar, top IDF intelligence officer on Oct. 7, dies of cancer at 47]</ref> *[[Roland Schäfer]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, meya wa [[Bergkamen]] (1998–2020).<ref>[https://www.wa.de/lokales/bergkamen/31-jahre-fuer-die-stadt-frueherer-buergermeister-roland-schaefer-gestorben-bergkamen-94105418.html 31 Jahre für Bergkamen: Früherer Bürgermeister Roland Schäfer gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo]], 80, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Angola, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Luanda|Luanda]] (1990–1992) na askofu wa [[Jimbo la Mbanza Congo|Mbanza Congo]] (1992–2008).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bshyh.html Bishop Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo, O.F.M. Cap. †]</ref> *[[Margaret Anne Staggers]], 79, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe la West Virginia]] (2007–2014).<ref>[https://www.lootpress.com/former-fayette-county-delegate-and-physician-dr-margaret-staggers-has-passed-away/ Former Fayette County delegate and physician Dr. Margaret Staggers has passed away]</ref> *[[Hessy Levinsons Taft]], 91, Mwanakemia na mwanamitindo mtoto wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-whose-baby-photo-was-chosen-by-goebbels-as-aryan-exemplar-dies-at-91/ Jewish woman whose baby photo was chosen by Goebbels as Aryan exemplar dies at 91]</ref> *[[Linda S. Wilson]], 89, Mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo cha Radcliffe]] (1989–1999).<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/linda-wilson-memorial?id=60613372 Linda S. Wilson]</ref> *[[Ruben Yesayan]], 79, Rubani wa majaribio wa Urusi na Armenia.<ref>[https://www.mk.ru/politics/2026/01/01/umer-zasluzhennyy-letchikispytatel-ruben-esayan-kritikovavshiy-sukhoy-superdzhet.html Умер заслуженный летчик-испытатель Рубен Есаян, критиковавший «Сухой суперджет»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Yuen Cheung-yan]], 68, Muigizaji wa Hong Kong (''[[The Miracle Fighters]]'', ''[[Drunken Tai Chi]]'', ''[[Flying Dagger]]''), mwongozaji, na mhusika wa mapambano (martial arts choreographer).<ref>[https://www.mirrormedia.mg/external/setn_1775096 港星病逝！享壽69歲 妻證實噩耗] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Valentin Zakharov]], 92, Mcheza rinking wa kuteleza kwenye barafu (figure skater) wa Urusi.<ref>[https://fsrussia.ru/news/novosti/ushel-iz-zhizni-pervyj-sovetskij-figurist-uchastnik-chempionatov-evropy-i-mira-zakharov-valentin-dmitrievich Ушел из жизни первый советский фигурист – участник чемпионатов Европы и мира Захаров Валентин Дмитриевич] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Ritva Auvinen]], 93, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Finland.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000011727190.html Ihana ja ihmeellinen karjalainen, muistelee Sinikka Sokka tätiään Ritva Auvista] {{in lang|fi}}</ref> *[[Ian Balding]], 87, Mkufunzi wa farasi wa Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |title=Ian Balding, legendary trainer of Mill Reef, dies aged 87 |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411140316/https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sukumar Barua]], 87, Mshairi wa Bangladesh.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |title=Rhymester Sukumar Barua passes away |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103231936/https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bobby Baxter (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1937)|Bobby Baxter]], 88, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]], [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]]).<ref>[https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/rip-bobby-baxter RIP Bobby Baxter]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Shyam Bihari Lal]], 60, Mwanasiasa wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh MLA]] (tangu 2017), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/bjp-mla-shyam-bihari-lal-passes-away-after-heart-attack-in-bareilly-cm-yogi-expresses-grief-reactions-latest-updates-2026-01-02-1024230 Shyam Bihari Lal, BJP MLA, dies in Bareilly a day after celebrating his 60th birthday, CM Yogi expresses grief]</ref> *[[Carmen Arnold Biucchi]], 78, Mtaalamu wa sarafu za kale (numismatist) na mwanaakiolojia wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/in-memoriam-carmen-arnold-biucchi-respected-numismatist-and-educator/ In memoriam: Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, respected numismatist and educator]</ref> *[[Dominique Bucchini]], 82, Mwanasiasa wa Ufaransa, Mbunge wa [[Orodha ya wabunge wa Bunge la Ulaya (1979–1984)|Bunge la Ulaya]] (1979–1984) na meya wa [[Sartène]] (1977–2001).<ref>[https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/corse/ancien-president-de-l-assemblee-de-corse-et-maire-de-sartene-dominique-bucchini-est-decede-3275588.html Ancien président de l'Assemblée de Corse et maire de Sartène, Dominique Bucchini est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Tony Carr (mpiga ngoma)|Tony Carr]], 98, Mpiga ngoma wa kurekodi (session drummer) na mpiga vyombo vya mdundo wa Malta ([[CCS (bendi)|CCS]], [[Hot Chocolate]]).<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949 Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies aged 98]</ref> *[[Jean-Max Causse]], 85, Muigizaji wa Ufaransa (''[[I Stand Alone (filamu)|I Stand Alone]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2026/01/07/jean-max-causse-exploitant-de-cinemas-et-grand-nom-de-la-cinephilie-parisienne-est-mort_6660907_3382.html Jean-Max Causse, exploitant de cinémas et grand nom de la cinéphilie parisienne, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bohdan Chufus]], 75, Mwandishi wa habari, muigizaji na mwimbaji wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://intent.press/en/news/society/2026/odesa-reports-the-death-of-artist-bohdan-chufus Odesa reports the death of artist Bohdan Chufus]</ref> *[[Jenny Collins]], 83, Mtangazaji wa redio wa Uingereza ([[BBC Radio Merseyside]]).<ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bbc-radio-merseyside-founding-member-33159202 BBC Radio Merseyside founding member dies as tributes paid]</ref> *[[Patrick Duffy (mwanasiasa wa Uingereza)|Sir Patrick Duffy]], 105, Mwanasiasa wa Uingereza, Mbunge wa [[Bunge la Uingereza]] (1963–1966, 1970–1992) na rais wa [[Baraza la Kibunge la NATO]] (1988–1990).<ref>[https://www.irishpost.com/news/sir-patrick-duffy-britains-oldest-living-former-mp-passes-away-at-the-age-of-105-302829 Sir Patrick Duffy, Britain's oldest living former MP, passes away at the age of 105]</ref> *[[Toshio Fujii]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Japani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Washauri]] (1998–2004), kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1261959/ 藤井俊男さん死去 元民主党参院議員] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Francis Grant (mwanajeshi wa majini)|Francis Grant]], 101, Mwanajeshi wa majini wa Uingereza na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>[https://www.the-gazette.co.uk/news/national/25747297.d-day-veteran-escorted-allied-troops-landing-normandy-dies-aged-101/ D-Day veteran who escorted allied troops landing in Normandy dies aged 101]</ref> *[[Stephen E. Haggerty]], 87, Mwanafizikia wa ardhi (geophysicist) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.miningweekly.com/article/diamond-legend-steve-haggerty-has-died-2026-01-05 Diamond legend Steve Haggerty has died]</ref> *[[Evan Hammond]], 45, Mtangazaji wa redio na mtangazaji wa michezo wa Kanada ([[CJAV-FM]]), kiharusi.<ref>[https://cheknews.ca/he-was-awesome-fans-grieve-death-of-beloved-island-radio-host-1297611/ 'He was awesome': Fans grieve death of beloved Island radio host]</ref> *[[Sidney Kibrick]], 97, Muigizaji wa Marekani (''[[Our Gang]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2026/01/06/sidney-kibrick-last-of-the-our-gang-kids-dies-at-97/ Sidney Kibrick, Last of the 'Our Gang' Kids, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Kristi Kiick]], 58, Msomi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://rtfoard.com/obituary/kristi-l-kiick/ Kristi L. Kiick]</ref> *[[Elbert Kimbrough]], 87, Mchezaji wa mpira wa Kimarekani (American football) ([[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Los Angeles Rams]], [[New Orleans Saints]]).<ref>[https://www.galesburg.com/obituaries/pils1375723 Elbert Leon Kimbrough]</ref> *[[Anna Kurek (mwanachama wa harakati za uasi)|Anna Kurek]], 96, Muuguzi wa Poland na mshiriki wa [[Uasi wa Warsaw]].<ref>[https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3629594,anna-kurek-medic-of-the-1944-warsaw-uprising-has-died%20Anna%20Kurek,%20medic%20of%20the%201944%20Warsaw%20Uprising%20has%20died] Anna Kurek, medic of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, has died</ref> *[[Paul C. Lambert]], 97, Mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani, balozi nchini [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Marekani nchini Ecuador|Ecuador]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/paul-lambert Paul Lambert '46, Former Trustee, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Barbara Lawrence (meneja wa vipaji)|Barbara Lawrence]], 82, Meneja wa vipaji wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/barbara-lawrence-dead-manager-hollywood-1236472853/ Barbara Lawrence, Longtime Manager in Hollywood, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Johnny Legend]], 77, Mwanamuziki wa rockabilly, mtayarishaji wa filamu na meneja wa mieleka wa Marekani, kiharusi na kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.f4wonline.com/news/daily-updates/daily-update-njpw-wrestle-kingdom-20-cmll-sin-salida-johnny-legend/ Daily Update: NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 20, CMLL Sin Salida, Johnny Legend]</ref> *[[Vladimir Lukić]], 92, Mwanasiasa wa Kiserbia wa Bosnia, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Republika Srpska|Waziri Mkuu wa Republika Srpska]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://www.unibl.org/sr/vesti/2026/01/preminuo-prof-vladimir-lukic Преминуо проф. Владимир Лукић] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[David E. Mitchell]], 75, Mwanaharakati wa matibabu wa Marekani, mwanzilishi wa [[Patients for Affordable Drugs Now]], ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (multiple myeloma).<ref>[https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260109_5/ Patient advocate David Mitchell, 75, dies of multiple myeloma]</ref> *[[Ashok Gajanan Modak]], 85, Mwanasiasa and msomi wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Maharashtra|Maharashtra MLC]] (1994–2006).<ref>[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/former-mlc-ashok-modak-passes-away-at-85/3243670 Former MLC Ashok Modak passes away at 85]</ref> *[[Con Pederson]], 91, Msanii wa madoido ya picha (visual effects) wa Marekani (''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]'', ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2026/film/news/con-pederson-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-1236624108/ Con Pederson, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Special Effects Supervisor, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Valery Fyodorovich Plotnikov]], 82, Mpiga picha wa Urusi.<ref>[https://vecherka-spb.ru/2026/01/02/v-peterburge-umer-snimavshii-visotskogo-fotograf-valerii-plotnikov В Петербурге умер снимавший Высоцкого фотограф Валерий Плотников] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Tim Robertson]], 81, Muigizaji wa Australia mzaliwa wa Uingereza (''[[Chances (kipindi cha TV)|Chances]]'', ''[[Australia You're Standing In It]]'', ''[[Stingers (kipindi cha TV)|Stingers]]'').<ref>[https://tvtonight.com.au/2026/01/vale-tim-robertson.html Vale: Tim Robertson]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Lajos Rovátkay]], 92, Mpiga kinubi cha kale (harpsichordist) na mwanamuziki wa Ujerumani mzaliwa wa Hungary.<ref>[https://haydneum.com/rovatkay-lajostol-bucsuzunk/ Rovátkay Lajostól búcsúzunk] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Saleh Rusheidat]], 80, Mwanasiasa wa Jordan, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi (Jordan)|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] (1993–1997) na [[Baraza la Seneti (Jordan)|Seneti]] (tangu 2009).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |title=PM Mourns Former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister Saleh Irshaidat |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105094008/https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edith Renfrow Smith]], 111, Mtu aliyeishi miaka mingi sana (supercentenarian) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2026/01/04/edith-renfrow-smith-obit Edith Renfrow Smith, a 'memory keeper' and living link to history, dies at 111]</ref> *[[Phoenix Spicer]], 23, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]), aneurysm ya ubongo.<ref>[https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/former-afl-player-phoenix-spicer-dies-as-heartbroken-family-and-football-figures-pay-tribute-c-21196271 Former AFL player Phoenix Spicer dies as heartbroken family and football figures pay tribute]</ref> *[[Bob Taylor (mchezaji mpira wa Australia)|Bob Taylor]], 94, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]).<ref>[https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/taylor-robert-william/6340307/ Taylor, Robert William]</ref> *[[Ivanne Trebbi]], 97, Mwanaharakati wa uasi (partisan) na mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1979–1987).<ref>[https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2026/01/02/news/ivonne_trebbi_morta_partigiana_bruna_castel_maggiore-425072270/ Ivonne Trebbi è morta, addio alla partigiana Bruna. Aveva 97 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Jim Willis (mtupaji mpira wa miaka ya 1950)|Jim Willis]], 98, Mchezaji wa mpira wa magongo (baseball) wa Marekani ([[Chicago Cubs]]).<ref>[https://www.kramerfunerals.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=46849117 James Gladden Willis]</ref> *[[Horst Witzler]], 93, Meneja wa mpira wa miguu wa Ujerumani ([[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]], [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Alemannia Aachen]]).<ref>[https://www.wirtrauern.de/traueranzeige/horst-witzler Horst Witzler] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Robert Wolski]], 43, Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa kuruka juu wa Poland ([[Riadha katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004 – Kuruka juu kwa Wanaume|2004]]), ajali ya barabarani.<ref>[https://sport.fakt.pl/inne-sporty/robert-wolski-nie-zyje-olimpijczyk-z-aten-zmarl-po-wypadku/vcln04y Tragiczna śmierć polskiego olimpijczyka. Robert Wolski nie żyje] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Nellie Wong]], 91, Mshairi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.kearnystreet.org/blog/2026/1/5/remembering-nellie-wong Remembering Nellie Wong]</ref> *[[Mirosław Zdanowicz]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa Poland.<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Zmarl-Miroslaw-Zdanowicz-przedsiebiorca-i-legenda-sportu-n212613.html Zmarł Mirosław Zdanowicz - przedsiębiorca i legenda sportu] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Hushang Ansary]], 98, Mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Iran na Marekani, waziri wa [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|fedha]] (1974–1977) na [[Wizara ya Habari na Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Iran|habari]] (1971–1974), [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Iran nchini Marekani|Balozi nchini Marekani]] (1967–1969), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://antilliaansdagblad.com/nieuws-menu/curacao/32228-hushang-ansary-98-overleden Hushang Ansary (98) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jamil Azar]], 89, Mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa Jordan, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Al Jazeera]].<ref>[https://www.raialyoum.com/وفاة-الإعلامي-الأردني-جميل-عازر-أحد-مؤ/ وفاة الإعلامي الأردني جميل عازر أحد مؤسسي قناة "الجزيرة" القطرية] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Dietmar Bachmann]], 91, Mwanasiasa wa Austria, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Tyrol]] (1965–1994).<ref>[https://www.tt.com/artikel/30925089/langjaehriger-tiroler-oevp-mandatar-bachmann-91-jaehrig-verstorben Langjähriger Tiroler ÖVP-Mandatar Bachmann 91-jährig verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Claude-Inga Barbey]], 64, Mchekeshaji, mwandishi, na muigizaji wa kike wa Uswisi (''[[The Death of Mario Ricci]]'').<ref>[https://www.tdg.ch/claude-inga-barbey-la-comedienne-genevoise-decede-a-64-ans-287385327444 La comédienne genevoise Claude-Inga Barbey s'en est allée] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Stephen E. Braude]], 80, Mwanafalsafa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/las-vegas-nv/stephen-braude-12691825 Stephen Edward Braude]</ref> *[[Natale Carlotto]], 94, Mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|senator]] (1987–1994) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1976–1987).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2026/01/morto-a-94-anni-lex-senatore-natale-carlotto-3f13e9b1-91f3-4f88-bb6c-40b7a65599c0.html Morto a 94 anni l'ex senatore Natale Carlotto] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Francesco Paolo Casavola]], 94, Mwanasheria wa Italia, [[Orodha ya marais wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Italia|Rais wa Mahakama ya Katiba]] (1992–1995).<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/26_gennaio_04/morto-francesco-paolo-casavola-diritto-come-missione-230d08fa-e9a0-11f0-9bf4-5e5c7de4860b.shtml Morto Francesco Paolo Casavola, il diritto come missione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Frédéric Cerdal]], 81, Muigizaji na mwongozaji wa jukwaani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=1000184421.html Il prêtait sa voix à une légende du cinéma : le comédien français Frédéric Cerdal nous a quittés à l'âge de 81 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maria Eugènia Cuenca]], 78, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Catalonia|Bunge la Catalan]] (1999–2006) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute]] (1986–1992).<ref>[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mor-maria-eugenia-cuenca-la-primera-dona-que-va-ser-consellera-de-la-generalitat/noticia/3387804/ Mor Maria Eugènia Cuenca, la primera dona que va ser consellera de la Generalitat] {{in lang|ca}}</ref> *[[Anthony Fletcher]], 84, Mwanahistoria wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-january-23-2026-50z7rqgv8 Fletcher] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Gerry Gable]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa siasa na mhariri wa jarida wa Uingereza (''[[Searchlight (jarida)|Searchlight]]'').<ref>[https://searchlightmagazine.com/2026/01/gerry-gable-1937-2026/ Gerry Gable (1937–2026)]</ref> *[[Franz Herre]], 99, Mwandishi wa habari na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://trauer.merkur.de/traueranzeige/franz-herre Franz Herre] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Marvalene Hughes]], 88, Muelimishaji na msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Stanislaus]] (1994–2005) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dillard]] (2005–2011).<ref>[https://peoplesfuneralhometuskegeeal.com/obituaries/marvalene-hughes/ Marvalene Hughes]</ref> *[[Mesut İktu]], 78, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Uturuki (baritone).<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/opera-sanatcisi-prof-dr-mesut-iktu-vefat-etti/3788714 Opera sanatçısı Prof. Dr. Mesut İktu vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo]], 89, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Colombia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo la Pereira|Pereira]] (1984–1987), askofu wa [[Jimbo la Málaga–Soatá|Málaga–Soatá]] (1987–2001) na wa [[Jimbo la Buga|Buga]] (2001–2012).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgiraj.html Bishop Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo †]</ref> *[[Nālani Kanakaʻole]], 79, Mwalimu wa densi ya hula ([[kumu hula]]) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://mauinow.com/2026/01/05/nalani-kanaka{{okina}}ole-revered-kumu-hula-and-cultural-matriarch-passes-at-79/ Nālani Kanaka{{okina}}ole, revered Kumu Hula and cultural matriarch, passes at 79]</ref> *[[Latif Karimi]], Mprotestaji wa Iran, brigedia jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], [[Maandamano ya Iran ya 2025–2026|alipigwa risasi]].<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-31 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن لطیف کریمی با شلیک مستقیم نیروهای حکومتی/ تلاش حکومت برای مصادره و وارونه‌سازی واقعیت] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[David M. Maddox]], 87, Jenerali wa jeshi la Marekani.<ref>[https://blackhorse.org/e-news-january-2026/ E-News — January 2026]</ref> *[[Guðmundur Oddur Magnússon]], 70, Msanii na msomi wa Iceland.<ref>[https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2026-01-04-goddur-er-latinn-462845 Goddur er látinn] {{in lang|is}}</ref> *[[Graham McCamley|Sir Graham McCamley]], 93, Mzalishaji wa nyama ya ng'ombe wa Australia.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-05/australian-beef-industry-mourns-loss-of-sir-graham-mccamley-93/106198876 Tributes flow for founding father of Australian beef industry, Sir Graham McCamley]</ref> *[[John Meredith (mchezaji mpira)|John Meredith]], 85, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]], [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]]).<ref>[https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/john-meredith-1940-2026 John Meredith (1940 – 2026)]</ref> *[[Errol Moorcroft]], 85, Mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe (Afrika Kusini)|House of Assembly]] (1981–1987, 1989–1994) na [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini|Bunge la Kitaifa]] (1999–2004).<ref>[https://centralnews.co.za/former-da-federal-chairperson-errol-moorcroft-has-passed-away/ Former DA Federal Chairperson Errol Moorcroft Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Ahmed Moujahid]], Mchezaji mpira wa Morocco ([[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Morocco|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/equipe-maroc/ahmed-moujahid-vainqueur-de-la-can-1976-avec-le-maroc-est-mort_AV-202601040203.html Ahmed Moujahid, vainqueur de la CAN 1976 avec le Maroc, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Dastagir Hossain Nira]], 60, Mchezaji mpira wa Bangladesh ([[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bangladesh|timu ya taifa]]), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/former-bangladesh-footballer-golam-dostogir-no-more-4072846 Former Bangladesh footballer Golam Dostogir no more]</ref> *[[Pa O'Dwyer]], 40, Mwanaume mwenye nguvu (strongman) wa Ireland.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/strongman-champion-pa-odwyer-dies-33162442 Strongman turned hilarious Instagram star dies aged 40]</ref> *[[Sverre Anker Ousdal]], 81, Muigizaji wa Norway (''[[Insomnia (filamu ya 1997)|Insomnia]]'', ''[[Flight of the Eagle]]'', ''[[The Last Place on Earth]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/GxGLn4/sverre-anker-ousdal-er-doed Sverre Anker Ousdal er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Paczkowski]], 87, Mwanahistoria wa Poland.<ref>[https://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/7,121681,32505118,zmarl-prof-andrzej-paczkowski-jeden-z-najwybitniejszych-polskich.html Zmarł prof. Andrzej Paczkowski, jeden z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Dimitar Penev]], 80, Mchezaji mpira wa Bulgaria ([[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bulgaria|timu ya taifa]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa).<ref>[https://www.bgnes.com/sport/the-great-coach-and-football-player-dimitar-penev-has-passed-away The great coach and football player Dimitar Penev has passed away]</ref> *[[Jenny Plocki]], 100, Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa Ufaransa. *[[Rolf Riehm]], 88, mtunzi wa muziki wa Ujerumani (''[[Sirenen]]''), mpiga oboe na msomi ([[Musikhochschule Frankfurt]]).<ref>[https://www.fr.de/kultur/musik/der-komponist-rolf-riehm-war-ein-aesthetischer-brigant-mit-einspruch-94112742.html Komponist Rolf Riehm ist gestorben: Immer mit Einspruch] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Randy Riley]], 63, mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/east-lansing-mi/randy-riley-12692653 Randy Joseph Riley]</ref> *[[Eva Schloss]], 96, msururu wa Maangamizi makuu ya Wanazi na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Austria-Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.annefrank.org/en/about-us/news-and-press/news/2026/1/4/in-memoriam-eva-schloss-geiringer/ In memoriam – Eva Schloss-Geiringer]</ref> *[[Robert K. Tanenbaum]], 83, wakili wa kesi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa Amerika, [[Orodha ya mameya wa Beverly Hills, California|meya wa Beverly Hills, California]] (1988–1989, 1992–1993), saratani.<ref>[https://aarclibrary.org/2026/01/08/former-deputy-chief-counsel-for-the-house-select-committee-on-assassinations-robert-k-tanenbaum-has-died-at-the-age-of-83/ Former Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Robert K. Tanenbaum, has died at the age of 83]</ref> *[[Nam Singh Thapa]], 79, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Nepal ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1964 – Flyweight|1964]]), saratani.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nam-singh-thapa-nepals-first-olympian-dies Nam Singh Thapa, Nepal's first Olympian, dies]</ref> *[[Samuel O. Thier]], 88, daktari na mwanataaluma wa Amerika, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brandeis]] (1991–1994).<ref>[https://nam.edu/news-and-insights/remembering-samuel-o-thier-iom-president-1985-1991/ Remembering Samuel O. Thier, IOM President (1985-1991)]</ref> *[[Ivan Varshavsky]], 87, mhandisi wa Urusi na msimamizi wa njia za reli.<ref>[https://www.amur.life/people/2026/01/03/v-tynde-umer-legendarnyy-bamovec-ivan-varshavskiy В Тынде умер легендарный строитель БАМа Иван Варшавский] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Wang Zheng (vice admiral)|Wang Zheng]], 64, makamu wa amirali wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32311251 海军原副政委王征中将逝世，享年64岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Terry Wharton]], 83, mchezaji wa soka wa Uingereza ([[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/club/20260103-terry-wharton-1942-2026/ Terry Wharton | 1942-2026]</ref> *[[William H. Yohn Jr.]], 90, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa Amerika, jaji wa [[Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Mashariki ya Pennsylvania]] (tangu 1991), mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania]] (1968–1980).<ref>[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/yohn-william-hendricks-jr Yohn, William Hendricks, Jr.]</ref> *[[Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi]], 76, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Indonesia.<ref>[https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5332042/pimpinan-pmdg-gontor-kh-amal-fathullah-zarkasyi-wafat Pimpinan PMDG Gontor KH Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi wafat] {{in lang|id}}</ref> *[[Zhang Kerang]], 78, mwigizaji wa Kichina wa [[Peking opera]].<ref>[https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/01/05/11505292.shtml 著名京剧表演艺术家、马连良先生入室弟子张克让逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===4=== *[[Forest Able]], 93, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Syracuse Nationals]]).<ref>[https://wkusports.com/news/2026/1/6/general-wku-athletics-hall-of-famer-forest-frosty-able-passes-away WKU Athletics Hall of Famer Forest "Frosty" Able Passes Away]</ref> *[[Ali Abu Al-Ragheb]], 79, mwanasiasa wa Jordan, [[Waziri Mkuu wa Jordan|waziri mkuu]] (2000–2003).<ref>[https://www.ammanjo.co/article/253792 رئيس الوزراء الأسبق علي ابو الراغب في ذمة الله] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Fazalur Raheem Ashrafi]], 81, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Pakistan, mfadhili wa [[Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia]].<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/2087344161-jamia-ashrafia-head-maulana-ashrafi-passes-away Jamia Ashrafia head Maulana Ashrafi passes away]</ref> *[[Céline Bellot]], 55, mtaalamu wa kriminolojia na mwanataaluma wa Kanada, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/946011/mort-celine-bellot-chercheuse-personnes-marginalisees Pionnière du travail social sur l'itinérance et le profilage, la chercheuse Céline Bellot s'éteint] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Mario Blasone]], 85, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Italia.<ref>[https://fip.it/ci-ha-lasciati-mario-blasone-le-condoglianze-del-presidente-petrucci-e-della-fip/ Ci ha lasciati coach Mario Blasone. Le condoglianze del presidente Petrucci. Disposto minute di silenzio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bob Boyer (wrestler)|Bob Boyer]], 93, mweleka wa kitaalamu wa Kanada.<ref>[https://www.flannerbuchanan.com/obituaries/robert-boyer Robert Gerald Boyer]</ref> *[[David Branch (ice hockey)|David Branch]], 77, msimamizi wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada, kamishna wa [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] (1979–2024) na rais wa [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] (1996–2019).<ref>[https://chl.ca/ohl/article/ohl-chl-mourn-the-loss-of-david-branch-transformative-commissioner-and-hockey-visionary/ OHL, CHL Mourn the Loss of David Branch, Transformative Commissioner and Hockey Visionary]</ref> *[[Tom Britt]], 89, mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/thomas-britt/ Remembering Thomas Britt: The Grand Entertainer of Design]</ref> *[[Zoraida Burgos i Matheu]], 92, mwandishi wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/burgosz/english Zoraida Burgos]</ref> *[[Calbo (rapper)|Calbo]], 52, mwanamuziki wa rap wa Ufaransa ([[Ärsenik]]).<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/necrologie/le-rappeur-calbo-membre-du-duo-emblematique-aersenik-est-mort-a-lage-de-52-ans-12c200ea-e98c-11f0-9b78-7c77e15311d5 Le rappeur Calbo, membre du duo emblématique Ärsenik, est mort à l'âge de 52 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chandrasena Thalangama]], 81, mwandishi wa habari na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://dailynews.lk/2026/01/05/local/927640/veteran-lyricist-and-journalist-chandrasena-thalangama-passes-away/ Veteran Lyricist and Journalist Chandrasena Thalangama passes away]</ref> *[[Larry M. Cherry]], 69, mtengenezaji wa mitindo ya nywele wa Amerika (''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'', ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'').<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/in-memoriam/2026 In Memoriam]</ref> *[[Germaine Cousin-Zermatten]], 100, mtaalamu wa mitishamba wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/valais/2026/article/deces-de-germaine-cousin-zermatten-gardienne-des-remedes-ancestraux-valaisans-29108760.html Gardienne des remèdes d'antan, la Valaisanne Germaine Cousin-Zermatten s'est éteinte à 100 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jim Dennison]], 87, kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]], [[Walsh Cavaliers football|Walsh Cavaliers]]).<ref>[https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/zips/2026/01/05/jim-dennison-died-obit-akron-zips-football-coach-walsh/77733069007/ Jim Dennison, winningest football coach at Akron and Walsh, dies]</ref> *[[Kamiel Dierckx]], 84, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Ubelgiji ([[Mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Ubelgiji|Belgian Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.basketballbelgium.be/news/balgoochelaar-kamiel-dierckx-op-84-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Le magicien de bal Kamiel Dierckx est décédé à l'âge de 84 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Frank Dunlop (director)|Frank Dunlop]], 98, mwongozaji wa ukumbi wa michezo wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2026/jan/06/frank-dunlop-obituary Frank Dunlop obituary]</ref> *[[Manuel Fernández Ilarraza]], 85, daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake na mwanasiasa wa Hispania, [[Orodha ya marais wa Bunge la La Rioja|rais wa Bunge la La Rioja]] (1987–1988).<ref>[https://www.eldiadelarioja.es/noticia/zfa0a01e2-4243-4b79-9583f46f193b848f/202601/muere-manuel-fernandez-ilarraza-expresidente-del-parlamento Muere Manuel Fernández Ilarraza, expresidente del Parlamento] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Miloslav Fiala]], 97, kasisi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-knez-miloslav-fiala-40555863 Zemřel kněz Miloslav Fiala] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Andy Friendly]], 74, mtayarishaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/andy-friendly-dead-entertainment-tonight-1236674998/ Andy Friendly Dies: First 'Entertainment Tonight' Producer, Son Of Legendary CBS Newsman Fred Friendly Was 74]</ref> *[[John Gaisford]], 91, askofu wa Anglikana wa Uingereza, [[Askofu wa Beverley]] (1994–2000).<ref>[https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2026/9-january/gazette/deaths/deaths Deaths]</ref> *[[L. Ganesan]], 91, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Lok Sabha|Mbunge]] (1980–1986, 2004–2009).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-dravidian-ideologue-l-ganesan-no-more/article70469988.ece Veteran Dravidian ideologue L. Ganesan no more]</ref> *[[Anne-Claire Goulon]], 51, mwanamke wa biashara wa Ufaransa, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/societe/2026/01/04/anne-claire-goulon-ex-dirigeante-du-groupe-livio-s-est-eteinte-a-51-ans Anne-Claire Goulon, ex-dirigeante du groupe Livio, s'est éteinte à 51 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Vicki L. Gregory]], 75, mwanataaluma na mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/montgomery-al/vicki-gregory-12693551 Vicki Gregory]</ref> *[[Michel Griffon]], 77, mtaalamu wa kilimo wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://gret.org/actualite/2026/hommage-a-michel-griffon/ Hommage à Michel Griffon] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Roger Guesnerie]], 82, mwanauchumi na mwanataaluma wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ehess.fr/fr/hommage/hommage-roger-guesnerie Hommage à Roger Guesnerie] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Denise Harlow]], 55, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Maine]] (2010–2018), saratani.<ref>[https://www.sunjournal.com/2026/01/08/a-big-believer-in-justice-former-portland-lawmaker-dies-at-55/ Former Portland lawmaker Denise Harlow dies at 55]</ref> *[[Bobby Holmes]], 93, mchezaji wa soka wa Scotland ([[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]).<ref>[https://dumbartonfootballclub.com/bobby-holmes/ Bobby Holmes]</ref> *[[Nora Ikstena]], 56, mwandishi na meneja wa utamaduni wa Latvia.<ref>[https://www.apollo.lv/8390161/muziba-devusies-rakstniece-nora-ikstena Mūžībā devusies rakstniece Nora Ikstena] {{in lang|lv}}</ref> *[[Klaus Keitel]], 86, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe (1990–2002) na rais (1990–1998) wa [[Landtag ya Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>[https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/erster-landtagsprasident-von-sachsen-anhalt-ist-verstorben-4176883 Erster Landtagspräsident von Sachsen-Anhalt ist verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[John Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw]], 89, mwanafalsafa wa kifalme wa Uingereza, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wakuu]] (1968–1999).<ref>[https://members.parliament.uk/member/2012/career Lord Kershaw]</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Does not give a date of death|date=January 2026}} *[[Kim Young-in]], 85, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Dachimawa Lee]]'', ''[[No Blood No Tears]]'', ''[[Arahan]]'').<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260104025000505 '원조 스턴트맨'...60년간 배우 활동한 김영인씨 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> *[[Wiktor Kinecki]], 96, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1976–1980).<ref>[https://zhp.pl/odszedl-na-wieczna-warte-druh-harcmistrz-wiktor-kinecki/ Odszedł na Wieczną Wartę Druh harcmistrz Wiktor Kinecki] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Graham Knight (Australian footballer)|Graham Knight]], 94, mchezaji wa [[Sheria za mpira wa miguu za Australia|soka la Australia]] ([[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]).<ref>[https://www.smct.org.au/deceased-search/detail?id=4c03d010-15f7-f011-97fd-9cb0e349dd9d Graham Ivo Knight]</ref> *[[Milorad Kosanović]], 75, mchezaji wa soka wa Serbia ([[FK Proleter Zrenjanin|Proleter Zrenjanin]], [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]) na meneja ([[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Malta|Timu ya taifa ya Malta]]).<ref>[https://www.danas.rs/sport/na-svoj-rodjendan-preminuo-milorad-kosanovic/ Na svoj rođendan preminuo Milorad Kosanović] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[Bernard Lemoux]], 83, mfanyabiashara wa Ufaransa, rais wa [[Stade Rennais FC]] (1973–1977).<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais-l-ancien-president-du-club-bernard-lemoux-est-decede-6969746 Stade Rennais : l'ancien président du club Bernard Lemoux est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[George C. Lodge]], 98, mwanasiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/george-lodge-obituary?id=60478546 George Lodge]</ref> *[[Oscar Lofton]], 87, mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Boston Patriots]]) na kocha ([[Southeastern Louisiana Lions football|Southeastern Louisiana Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.churchfuneralservices.com/obituaries/oscar-lofton Oscar Warren Lofton]</ref> *[[Naser Toure Mahama]], 60, mwanasiasa wa Ghana, [[Bunge la Ghana|Mbunge]] (tangu 2012).<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2026/01/ayawaso-east-mp-mahama-naser-toure-dies-after-short-illness/ Ayawaso East MP Mahama Naser Toure dies after short illness]</ref> *[[Miloslav Masopust]], 101, jenerali wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-valecny-veteran-miloslav-masopust-40556008 Zemřel válečný veterán Miloslav Masopust] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Giorgos Papadakis]], 74, mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Ugiriki, mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1752644/o-giorgos-papadakis-sto-laiko-me-varutato-emfragma/ Έφυγε από τη ζωή ο Γιώργος Παπαδάκης ύστερα από έμφραγμα] {{in lang|el}}</ref> *[[Daniel Pelletti]], 77, mchoraji wa Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.sudinfo.be/id1090516/article/2026-01-05/la-louviere-perd-lun-de-ses-artistes-emblematiques-daniel-pelletti-tire-sa La Louvière perd l'un de ses artistes emblématiques : Daniel Pelletti a tiré sa révérence à l'âge de 77 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jules Radich]], 71, mwanasiasa wa New Zealand, [[meya wa Dunedin]] (2022–2025), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/former-mayor-dunedin-jules-radich-dies Former mayor of Dunedin Jules Radich dies]</ref> *[[Michael Reagan]], 80, mchambuzi wa kisiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/latest-news-trump-maduro_n_695bb603e4b0d6beb5fd9469/liveblog_695d80b5e4b0b693af45947f Michael Reagan, Eldest Son Of Ronald Reagan, Has Died]</ref> *[[Donald C. Rogers]], 94, mhandisi wa sauti wa Amerika (''[[Rocky]]'', ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/donald-c-rogers-dies-94-1236676997/ Donald C. Rogers Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Rocky', 'Little Shop of Horrors' & 'The Goonies' Sound Director Was 94]</ref> *[[Marissa Sanchez]], 69, mchezaji wa tenisi wa Ufilipino.<ref>[https://punto.com.ph/70s-phl-tennis-star-marissa-sanchez-dies-at-69/ '70s PHL tennis star Marissa Sanchez dies at 69]</ref> *[[Jacqueline Schaeffer]], 91, mwanasaikolojia wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.spp.asso.fr/deces-de-jacqueline-schaeffer-1934-2026/ Décès de Jacqueline Schaeffer (1934-2026)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Steve Sheetz]], 77, mwendeshaji wa duka la bidhaa mchanganyiko wa Amerika, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais wa [[Sheetz|Sheetz, Inc.]] (1984–1995).<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/steve-sheetz-dies/ Former Sheetz president and CEO Steve Sheetz dies at age 77]</ref> *[[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]], 79, mwanahistoria na mtaalamu wa akiolojia wa India.<ref>[https://pragativadi.com/khadial-king-jitamitra-prasad-singh-deo-passes-away-at-80/ Khadial King Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo Passes Away at 80]</ref> *[[Ralph L. Thomas]], 86, mwongozaji wa filamu wa Kanada aliyezaliwa Brazil (''[[The Terry Fox Story]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]'', ''[[Ticket to Heaven]]'') na mwandishi wa skripti, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/ralph-thomas-dies-journalist-filmmaker-obit/ Ralph L. Thomas, 'The Terry Fox Story' Director and Journalist, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Horacio Usandizaga]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Argentina, [[Seneti ya Argentina|seneta]] (1995–2003) na meya wa [[Rosario]] (1983–1989), matatizo kutokana na kiharusi cha mara kwa mara.<ref>[https://www.infobae.com/politica/2026/01/04/murio-horacio-usandizaga-historico-dirigente-de-la-ucr-y-primer-intendente-de-rosario-tras-el-regreso-de-la-democracia/ Murió Horacio Usandizaga, histórico dirigente de la UCR y primer intedente de Rosario tras el regreso de la democracia] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)|Mary White]], 81, mwanamke wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa Ireland, [[Seanad Éireann|seneta]] (2002–2016).<ref>[https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/she-was-a-force-of-nature-mary-white-former-senator-and-founder-of-lir-chocolates-dies-aged-81/a891185846.html 'She was a force of nature' – Mary White, former senator and founder of Lir Chocolates, dies aged 81]</ref> *[[Xiao Zhuang (photographer)|Xiao Zhuang]], 93, mpiga picha wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316516 著名摄影家、新中国第一批女摄影记者晓庄逝世，享年94岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Teresa Zalewska]], 83, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1989–1991).<ref>[https://www.nasztomaszow.pl/artykul/53485,zmarla-pani-teresa-zalewska Zmarła Pani Teresa Zalewska] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Ahn Sung-ki]], 74, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Silmido (film)|Silmido]]'', ''[[Two Cops]]'', ''[[Radio Star (film)|Radio Star]]''), saratani ya damu.<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/english/travel-food-en/2026/01/05/3356DGXZABF6PF4YANV36GJNHE/ South Korean Film Legend Ahn Sung-ki Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Aldrich Ames]], 84, afisa wa ujasusi wa Amerika ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]) na mjasusi wa zamani wa Umoja wa Kisovieti aliyetiwa hatiani.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aldrich-ames-dies-age-84-russia-spy/ Aldrich Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for Russia, dies at age 84]</ref> *[[Bonifacio Ávila]], 75, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Colombia ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1972 – Light middleweight|1972]]).<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otros-deportes/luto-en-el-boxeo-colombiano-por-la-muerte-del-legendario-bony-3522048 Luto en el boxeo colombiano por la muerte del legendario 'Bony' Ávila] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Herbert Beck (historian)|Herbert Beck]], 84, mwanahistoria wa sanaa wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunst-und-architektur/ein-grosser-aufklaerer-zum-tod-des-ehemaligen-staedel-und-liebieghausdirektors-herbert-beck-accg-110814367.html Mustergültiger Aufklärer] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Andrew Bodnar]], 71, mpiga gitaa la bezi wa Uingereza ([[The Rumour]]) na mtunzi wa nyimbo ("[[I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass]]").<ref>[https://www.hitzound.com/bassist-andrew-bodnar-o-a-graham-parker-the-rumour-overleden/ Bassist Andrew Bodnar (o.a. Graham Parker & The Rumour) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Andrew Carter (composer)|Andrew Carter]], 86, mtunzi wa muziki wa Uingereza ([[Benedicite (Carter)|Benedicite]]) na mwongozaji wa kwaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam |title=Andrew Carter - In Memoriam |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301093343/https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tom Cherones]], 86, mwongozaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]''), matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tom-cherones-dead-seinfeld-director-producer-1236469039/ Tom Cherones, Emmy-Winning 'Seinfeld' Director and Producer, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Beatriz de Lenclós]], 102, mnenguaji wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.elcorreo.com/alava/araba/fallece-beatriz-lenclos-gran-vedette-vitoriana-marco-20260107192323-nt.html Fallece Beatriz de Lenclós, la gran vedette vitoriana que marcó época] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marian Diamond (actress)|Marian Diamond]], 89, mwigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Subterfuge (1968 film)|Subterfuge]]'', ''[[Goodbye Gemini]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'').<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/news/obituaries/marian-diamond-miriam-margolyes-pays-tribute-dear-friend-jackanory-brookside-death-aged-89-5474592 Marian Diamond: Miriam Margolyes pays tribute to 'dear friend' after Jackanory star's death aged 89]</ref> *[[Miklós Dudás (canoeist)|Miklós Dudás]], 34, mchezaji wa mtumbwi wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria ([[Canoeing katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 – Men's K-1 200 metres|2012]]), bingwa wa dunia ([[2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships|2014]]).<ref>[https://24.hu/sport/2026/01/05/meghalt-dudas-miki/ Meghalt Dudás Miki] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Aoi Fujino]], 27, mwanamitindo wa Kijapani wa gravure idol, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].<ref>[https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2026/01/09/articles/20260109s00041000284000c.html 元グラドル藤乃あおいさんが死去、27歳 親族が発表 23年に希少がんを公表 闘病続けていた] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Paolo Gillet]], 96, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Albano|Albano]] (1993–2005).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgillet.html Bishop Paolo Gillet †]</ref> *[[Pier Francesco Guarguaglini]], 88, mtendaji wa sekta ya ulinzi wa Italia, mwenyekiti wa [[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] (2002–2011).<ref>[https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/morto-pier-francesco-guarguaglini-crosetto-uomo-intelligenza-e-visione-AIoes8h Morto Pier Francesco Guarguaglini, Crosetto: uomo di intelligenza e visione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bruce Hammock]], 78, mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) wa Amerika.<ref>[http://entnem.ucdavis.edu/news/bruce-hammock-1947-2026 Bruce Hammock: 1947-2026]</ref> *[[Andrew Hichens]], 89, mchezaji wa kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Oxfordshire County Cricket Club|Oxfordshire]]).<ref>[https://www.oxfordshire.cricket/andrew-hichens-obituary/ Andrew Hichens Obituary]</ref> *[[Ad van Kempen]], 81, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[1-900 (film)|1-900]]'', ''[['n Beetje Verliefd]]'', ''[[Winter in Wartime (film)|Winter in Wartime]]''), saratani ya tezi dume.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/show/acteur-ad-van-kempen-overleden-op-81-jarige-leeftijd~a7cdd6f6/ Acteur Ad van Kempen overleden op 81-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[José Mingorance]], 87, mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania ([[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Hispania|timu ya taifa]]) na meneja ([[Granada CF|Granada]]).<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/andalucia/cordoba/cordoba-cf/fallece-jose-mingorance-leyenda-epoca-dorada-cordoba-20260105163238-nts.html Fallece José Mingorance, leyenda de la época dorada del Córdoba CF en Primera División] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Reza Moradi Abdolvand]], 18, mprotestaji wa Iran, alipigwa risasi.<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-40 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن رضا مرادی عبدالوند ششمین جانباخته اعتراضات شهر ازنا] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[James E. O'Grady]], 96, afisa wa kurejesha sheria wa Amerika, [[Sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook|sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook]] (1986–1990).<ref>[https://www.smithcorcoran.com/obituaries/James-E-OGrady?obId=46864181 James E. O'Grady]</ref> *[[Jawann Oldham]], 68, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Chicago Bulls]], [[Houston Rockets]], [[New York Knicks]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seattle-university/jawann-oldham-a-basketball-star-at-cleveland-high-seattle-u-dies-at-68/ Jawann Oldham, a basketball star at Cleveland High, Seattle U, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Induratana Paribatra]], 103, mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa Thailand.<ref>[https://pantip.com/topic/43930505 "พระองค์หญิงอินทุรัตนา บริพัตร" (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอินทุรัตนา) สิ้นพระชนม์ สิริพระชันษา ๑๐๓ ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Molly Parkin]], 93, mchoraji, mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa habari wa Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgeyrg5e7xo Artist and fashion writer Molly Parkin dies]</ref> *[[Bob Pulford]], 89, mchezaji wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada aliyeingizwa kwenye [[Hockey Hall of Fame]], kocha ([[Chicago Blackhawks]]), na mtendaji, rais wa [[National League Players' Association|NHLPA]] (1967–1972), bingwa mara nne wa [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/bob-pulford-dead-at-age-89 Pulford, 4-time Stanley Cup champion with Maple Leafs, dies at 89]</ref> *[[Cosimo Scaglioso]], 89, mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|seneta]] (1994–1996).<ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/siena/cronaca/la-citta-piange-cosimo-scaglioso-a668b72e La città piange Cosimo Scaglioso. Fu docente emerito e senatore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Elle Simone]], 49, mpishi wa Amerika (''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'') na mwanamitindo wa chakula.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/01/07/chef-food-stylist-elle-simone-scott-dies Chef and food stylist Elle Simone Scott dies at 49]</ref> *[[Elsje de Wijn]], 82, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[De stille Oceaan]]'', ''[[For a Lost Soldier]]'', ''[[Het 14e kippetje]]'') na mwimbaji.<ref>[https://www.nu.nl/media/6381646/karel-zangeres-elsje-de-wijn-overleden-op-82-jarige-leeftijd.html Karel-zangeres Elsje de Wijn overleden op 82-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ken Wilcock]], 91, mkimbiaji wa mbio fupi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/sport/25738581.tribute-sutton-harrier-ken-wilcock-died-aged-91/?ref=rss Tribute to Sutton Harrier Ken Wilcock, who has died aged 91]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Mike Wilson (kart racer)|Mike Wilson]], 66, mkimbiaji wa mashindano ya kart wa Uingereza, bingwa wa dunia mara sita ([[Karting World Championship|world champion]]).<ref>[https://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2026/01/05/mike-wilson-1959-2026-the-king-of-karting-takes-his-final-bow/ Mike Wilson (1959-2026): The King of Karting takes his final bow]</ref> ===6=== *[[Joe Arlooktoo]], 86, msanii wa kuona na mwanasiasa wa Kanada, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories MLA]] (1979–1991).<ref>[https://nunavutnews.com/2026/01/06/former-mla-and-mayor-joe-arlooktoo-passes-away-at-86/ Former MLA and mayor Joe Arlooktoo passes away at 86]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Odette Bergoffen]], 101, mpiganaji wa upinzani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/guerre-39-45/elle-avait-risque-sa-vie-pour-en-sauver-dautres-odette-bergoffen-juste-parmi-les-nations-est-morte-a-101-ans-6d1b52a8-eadb-11f0-a887-2a4cc40b8e21 Elle avait risqué sa vie pour en sauver d'autres : Odette Bergoffen, Juste parmi les Nations, est morte à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Bogusławski]], 94, mtaalamu wa filolojia na semantiki wa Poland.<ref>[https://neofilologia.uw.edu.pl/odszedl-profesor-andrzej-boguslawski/ Odszedł Profesor Andrzej Bogusławski]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Ron Boswell]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Australia, [[Seneti ya Australia|seneta]] (1983–2014).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-06/former-queensland-senator-ron-boswell-nationals/100104534 Former Queensland senator Ron 'Bozzie' Boswell dies aged 85]</ref> *[[John Cunningham (actor)|John Cunningham]], 93, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[Titanic (musical)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Company (musical)|Company]]'', ''[[Mystic Pizza]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-cunningham-dad-broadway-actor-mystic-pizza-1236467917/ John Cunningham, Veteran Broadway Actor, Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Dick Dull]], 80, mkurugenzi wa michezo wa Amerika ([[Maryland Terrapins]]).<ref>[https://umterps.com/news/2026/1/7/terrapin-athletics-former-maryland-ad-dick-dull-passes-away.aspx Former Maryland AD Dick Dull Passes Away]</ref> *[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]], 73, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Kerala|Kerala MLA]] (2011–2021).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away]</ref> *[[Johannes Fabian]], 88, mtaalamu wa anthropolojia wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://images.nrc.nl/pqE3TqhOiO9qYNA7EKPmZYE9j68=/filters:no_upscale():format(jpeg):fill(f8f8f8,true)/s3/nrchub/clippings/NH/20260110/528-advertisement-295553_1347763_fabian10ra-521857h-21c073.png Johannes Fabian] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Alex Felipe]], 32, mchezaji wa futsal wa Brazil ([[Sporting CP (futsal)|Sporting CP]], [[MFK Norilsk Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], [[Timu ya taifa ya futsal ya Brazil|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.championat.com/other/news-6308058-v-uhte-skonchalsya-igrok-mfk-norilskij-nikel-aleks-felipe.html В Ухте скончался 32-летний нападающий МФК «Норильский никель» Алекс Фелипе] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Angella D. Ferguson]], 100, daktari wa watoto wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/angella-ferguson-obituary?id=60507419 Angella Ferguson]</ref> *[[Edith M. Flanigen]], 96, mwanakemia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-flanigen Edith Flanigen]</ref> *[[Robert Goebbels]], 81, mwanasiasa wa Luxembourg, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa uchumi na biashara ya nje wa Luxembourg|waziri wa uchumi]] (1989–1999) na [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa nishati wa Luxembourg|nishati]] (1994–1999), mtia saini wa [[Mkataba wa Schengen]].<ref>[https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/schengen-signatory-robert-goebbels-passes-away-at-81-1716960005 Schengen signatory Robert Goebbels passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Richard Hynes]], 81, mwanabiolojia wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2026/richard-hynes-dies-0123 Richard Hynes, a pioneer in the biology of cellular adhesion, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Suresh Kalmadi]], 81, mwanasiasa na msimamizi wa michezo wa India, [[Bunge la India|Mbunge]] (1982–2014) na rais wa [[Chama cha Olimpiki cha India|IOA]] (1996–2011).<ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/former-union-minister-suresh-kalmadi-passes-away-at-81-after-prolonged-illness-13758255.html Former Union minister Suresh Kalmadi passes away at 81 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Doug LaMalfa]], 65, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani]] (tangu 2013), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/doug-lamalfa-dies-california Doug LaMalfa, California Republican congressman, dies aged 65]</ref> *[[József Láyer]], 70, mwanasiasa wa Hungaria, [[Bunge la Kitaifa (Hungaria)|Mbunge]] (1998–2006).<ref>[https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/nyitolap/-/asset_publisher/S5FDl868Frny/content/elhunyt-láyer-józsef-volt-országgyűlési-képviselő Elhunyt Láyer József volt országgyűlési képviselő] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Rhoda Levine]], 93, mwongozaji wa opera na mwanakoreografia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://operawire.com/obituary-opera-director-rhoda-levine-dies-at-93/ Obituary: Opera Director Rhoda Levine Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jim McBride (songwriter)|Jim McBride]], 78, mtunzi wa nyimbo za country wa Amerika ("[[Chasin' That Neon Rainbow|Chasing That Neon Rainbow]]", "[[(Who Says) You Can't Have It All]]", "[[Chattahoochee (song)|Chattahoochee]]").<ref>[https://www.waff.com/2026/01/07/alabama-music-hall-famer-huntsville-native-jim-mcbride-dies-78/ Alabama Music Hall of Famer, Huntsville native Jim McBride, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Jack McGregor]], 91, mwanasiasa na mmiliki wa timu ya michezo wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Seneti ya Jimbo la Pennsylvania]] (1963–1970) na mwanzilishi wa [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/jack-mcgregor-dies-pittsburgh-penguins/ Jack McGregor, original founder of Pittsburgh Penguins, dies at 91]</ref> *[[Kathleen Muxel]], 54, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe wa [[Landtag ya Brandenburg]] (tangu 2019).<ref>[https://www.n-tv.de/regionales/berlin-und-brandenburg/AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete-Muxel-gestorben-id30210190.html AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete Muxel gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Raffaele Nogaro]], 92, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu wa [[Jimbo la Sessa Aurunca]] (1982–1990) na wa [[Jimbo la Caserta]] (1990–2009).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnogaro.html Bishop Raffaele Nogaro †]</ref> *[[John F. O'Donohue]], 79, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', ''[[The Family Man]]'').<ref>[https://lowtherfamily.com/obituaries/john-f-odonohue/ John F. O'Donohue]</ref> *[[Saeid Pirdoost]], 85, mwigizaji wa Iran (''[[Snake Fang]]'', ''[[Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve]]'', ''[[Great Award]]''), saratani.<ref>[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/240504/Veteran-Iranian-actor-Saeid-Pirdoost-passes-away Veteran Iranian actor Saeid Pirdoost passes away]</ref> *[[Claude Pivi]], 66, afisa wa jeshi wa Guinea, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa kisukari.<ref>[https://globalnation.inquirer.net/304660/guinea-ex-security-chief-convicted-over-crimes-against-humanity-dies Guinea ex-security chief convicted over crimes against humanity dies]</ref> *[[Jaap Pop]], 84, mwanasiasa wa Uholanzi, meya wa [[Haarlem]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden Oud-burgemeester Jaap Pop overleden] {{Wayback|url=https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden |date=20260201234641 }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[David Quail]], 88, mwanasiasa na mwelimishaji wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mkoa wa Gauteng]] (1999–2009).<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-gauteng-mourns-passing-of-former-mpl-david-quai DA Gauteng mourns passing of former MPL David Quail]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] amlpc9nqe77makzvlm62i2r3tsqcsqf 1590330 1590217 2026-08-22T10:37:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Deaths in month lead}} ==Januari 2026== ===1=== *[[Stuart Altman]], 88, Mchumi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hudsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/stuart-altman Stuart Harold Altman]</ref> *[[Marat Amankulov]], 55, Mwanasiasa wa Kyrgyzstan, Mbunge wa [[Baraza Kuu (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]] (2015–2021).<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:871212:Former_Speaker_of_Bishkek_City_Council_Marat_Amankulov_passes_away/ Former Speaker of Bishkek City Council Marat Amankulov passes away]</ref> *[[Yvan Aumont]], 87, Mhandisi na mwandishi wa habari wa Ufaransa (''[[Lys rouge]]'').<ref>[https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2026/01/03/communique-daction-francaise-un-camelot-du-roi-exemplaire/ Communiqué d'Action française – Un camelot du roi exemplaire] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Alan Baker (mchezaji mpira)|Alan Baker]], 81, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]).<ref>[https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2026/01/04/walsall-confirm-death-of-former-saddlers-and-aston-villa-creative-favourite-alan-baker/ Walsall confirm death of former Saddlers and Aston Villa creative favourite Alan Baker]</ref> *[[Allyn Bromley]], 97, Msanii wa sanaa za uoni na mwalimu wa sanaa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.oahumortuary.com/obituaries/Allyn-Bromley-Baron?obId=46910430 Allyn Bromley-Baron]</ref> *[[Xesús Cañedo]], 67, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha [[Partíu Asturianista]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.es/obituarios/fallece-xesus-canedo-referente-asturianismo-politico-cultural-20260101184030-nt.html Fallece Xesús Cañedo, referente del asturianismo político y cultural] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Lana Chornohorska]], 26, Askari wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://24tv.ua/lana-chornogorska-zaginula-fronti-1-sichnya-2026-shho-vidomo_n2982033 "Це велика втрата": na fronti zagynula operatorka droniv i mystkynya Lana Chornohorska] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Diane Crump]], 77, Mpanda farasi na mkufunzi wa farasi wa Marekani, glioblastoma.<ref>[https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/diane-crump-the-first-female-jockey-to-run-the-kentucky-derby-dies-at-77 Diane Crump, the first female jockey to race in the Kentucky Derby, dies at 77]</ref> *[[Nexhat Daci]], 81, Mwanasiasa wa Kosovo, Kaimu [[Rais wa Kosovo]] (2006) na [[Spika wa Bunge la Kosovo]] (2001–2006).<ref>[https://telegrafi.com/figura-e-shquar-e-politikes-dhe-shkences-lideret-politike-shprehin-dhimbjen-dhe-mirenjohje-per-nexhat-dacin/ Figura e shquar e politikës dhe shkencës - liderët politikë shprehin dhimbjen dhe mirënjohjen për Nexhat Dacin] {{in lang|sq}}</ref> *[[Brian Doyle (mwandishi wa Kanada)|Brian Doyle]], 90, Mwandishi wa Kanada.<ref>[https://ca.news.yahoo.com/brian-doyle-celebrated-ottawa-author-201928651.html Brian Doyle, celebrated Ottawa author, dies at age 90]</ref> *[[Yehezkel Dror]], 97, Mwanasayansi wa siasa wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Austria.<ref>[https://kula.co.il/news/71762 פרופסور יחזקאל דרור, חתן פרס ישראל, מת בגיל 98] {{Wayback|url=https://kula.co.il/news/71762 |date=20260311034925 }} {{in lang|he}}</ref> *[[Imants Freibergs]], 91, Mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa Latvia, [[Wenza wa Marais wa Latvia|First Gentleman]] (1999–2007).<ref>[https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/diplomacy/01.01.2026-ex-president-vike-freibergas-husband-imants-freibergs-dies.a628374/ Ex-president Vīķe-Freiberga's husband Imants Freibergs dies]</ref> *[[James Grauerholz]], 72, Mwandishi wa Marekani, nimonia.<ref>[https://simonwarner.substack.com/p/obituary-8-james-grauerholz%20Obituary%20#8:%20James%20Grauerholz]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Obituary #8: James Grauerholz</ref> *[[Mohammed Harbi]], 92, Mwanahistoria wa Algeria.<ref>[https://ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com/وفاة-مؤرخ-الثورة-الجزائرية-محمد-حربي/فريق-التحرير/أخبار وفاة مؤرخ الثورة الجزائرية محمد حربي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Huang Dongbi]], 86, Mwanadiplomasia wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316978 中国驻瓦努阿图原大使、驻美国芝加哥原总领事黄东璧逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Morris Kahn]], 95, Mtendaji wa sekta ya mawasiliano wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Afrika Kusini, mwanzilishi wa [[Golden Pages]], [[Amdocs]] na [[Aurec Group]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/billionaire-philanthropist-morris-kahn-dies-at-age-95/ Billionaire philanthropist Morris Kahn dies at 95]</ref> *[[Harvey C. Krautschun]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Dakota]] (1985–1996).<ref>[https://www.fidler-isburgfuneralchapels.com/obituaries/harvey-krautschun Harvey C. Krautschun]</ref> *[[Hiroshi Kume]], 81, Mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Japani, saratani ya mapafu.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260113/p2a/00m/0et/002000c Famed TV presenter Hiroshi Kume passes away at 81]</ref> *[[John Langdon (mchoraji chapa)|John Langdon]], 79, Mchoraji chapa na mbunifu wa picha wa Marekani.<ref>[https://punyamishra.com/2026/01/04/remembering-john-langdon/ Remembering John Langdon]</ref> *[[Arno Liiver]], 71, Muigizaji wa Estonia (''[[Spring (filamu ya 1969)|Spring]]'', ''[[Summer (filamu ya 1976)|Summer]]'', ''[[Autumn (filamu ya 1990)|Autumn]]'').<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609899628/suri-arno-talit-kehastanud-naitleja-arno-liiver Suri Arno Talit kehastanud näitleja Arno Liiver] {{in lang|et}}</ref> *[[Arnold Long]], 85, Mchezaji kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]], [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]), saratani.<ref>[https://www.kiaoval.com/arnold-long-1940-2026-obituary/ Arnold Long (1940-2026) - Obituary]</ref> *[[Volodymyr Marchenko]], 103, Mwanahisabati wa Ukraine ([[Mlinganyo wa Marchenko|Marchenko equation]], [[Mgawanyo wa Marchenko–Pastur|Marchenko–Pastur distribution]]).<ref>[https://www.nas.gov.ua/news/z-glibokim-sumom-spovishchayemo-shcho-1-sichnya-cr-na-104-mu-roci-pishov-iz-zhittya-vidatniy-ukranskiy-matematik-ta-organizator-nauki-akademik-nan-ukrani-volodimir-oleksandrovich-marchenko З глибоким сумом сповіщаємо, що 1 січня ц.р. на 104-му році пішов із життя видатний український математик та організатор науки academician of the NAS of Ukraine Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Marchenko] {{in lang|uk}}</ref> *[[Hélio Mauro]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Brazil, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Brazil)|deputy]] (1975–1978), [[Orodha ya mameya wa Goiânia|Meya wa Goiânia]] (1978–1979), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://anapolis.tribunadoplanalto.com.br/ex-prefeito-de-goiania-na-decada-de-1970-helio-mauro-umbelino-lobo-morre-em-anapolis Ex-prefeito de Goiânia na década de 1970, Hélio Mauro Umbelino Lobo morre em Anápolis] {{in lang|pt}}</ref> *[[Paul McCullagh Jr.]], 25, Bondia wa Ireland ya Kaskazini, saratani ya mifupa.<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/sport/other-sport/paul-mccullagh-jr-boxer-dies-age-25-father-confirms-heartbreaking-cause-of-death-5461203 Paul McCullagh Jr: Boxer dies age 25 as father confirms heartbreaking cause of death]</ref> *[[Colin McDonald (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1930)|Colin McDonald]], 95, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Headington United]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Uingereza|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/burnley-pay-tribute-to-their-former-great-and-england-goalkeeper-colin-mcdonald-5463161 Burnley pay tribute to their former great and England goalkeeper Colin McDonald]</ref> *[[Enric Mestre]], 89, Mchongaji sanamu wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/fallece-anos-enric-mestre-referente-mundial-ceramica-20260101195353-nt.html Fallece a los 89 años Enric Mestre, referente mundial de la cerámica] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mukhsin Mukhamadiev]], 59, Mchezaji mpira wa Tajikistan na Urusi ([[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Tajikistan|timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Urusi|timu ya taifa ya Urusi]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan).<ref>[https://tass.ru/sport/26070203 Умер бывший футболист "Спартака" Мухсин Мухамадиев] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[James Munby|Sir James Munby]], 77, Jaji wa Uingereza, [[Rais wa Kitengo cha Familia cha Mahakama Kuu]] (2013–2018), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.judiciary.uk/death-of-sir-james-munby/ Death of Sir James Munby]</ref> *[[Hubertus von Pilgrim]], 94, Mchongaji sanamu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/landkreismuenchen/hubertus-von-pilgrim-tod-bildhauer-muenchen-todesmarsch-mahnmal-li.3363292 Skulpteur der Erinnerung] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Gregory de Polnay]], 82, Muigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Howards' Way]]'').<ref>[https://www.simplifia.fr/avis-de-deces/gregory-peter-de-polnay-poitiers Monsieur Gregory, Peter de Polnay]</ref> *[[Karen Poutasi|Dame Karen Poutasi]], 76, Afisa wa afya ya jamii wa New Zealand, [[Wizara ya Afya (New Zealand)|Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afya]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/583060/dame-karen-poutasi-first-female-director-general-of-health-dies-aged-76 Dame Karen Poutasi, first female director-general of health, dies aged 76]</ref> *[[Candy Raymond]], 75, Muigizaji wa kike wa Australia (''[[Don's Party (filamu)|Don's Party]]'', ''[[Number 96 (kipindi cha TV)|Number 96]]'', ''[[Prisoner (kipindi cha TV)|Prisoner]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/tributes-paid-to-australian-actor-candy-raymond-who-has-died-aged-75/news-story/39b6ff45f0e2a8eec3a17788621b6bc6 Tributes paid to Australian actor Candy Raymond who has died aged 75]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Amit Saar]], 47, Afisa wa ujasusi wa Israeli, mkuu wa [[Kitengo cha Utafiti (Aman)|Military Intelligence Research Department]] (2020–2024), saratani ya ubongo.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/amit-saar-top-idf-intelligence-officer-on-oct-7-dies-of-cancer-at-47/amp/ Amit Saar, top IDF intelligence officer on Oct. 7, dies of cancer at 47]</ref> *[[Roland Schäfer]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, meya wa [[Bergkamen]] (1998–2020).<ref>[https://www.wa.de/lokales/bergkamen/31-jahre-fuer-die-stadt-frueherer-buergermeister-roland-schaefer-gestorben-bergkamen-94105418.html 31 Jahre für Bergkamen: Früherer Bürgermeister Roland Schäfer gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo]], 80, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Angola, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Luanda|Luanda]] (1990–1992) na askofu wa [[Jimbo la Mbanza Congo|Mbanza Congo]] (1992–2008).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bshyh.html Bishop Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo, O.F.M. Cap. †]</ref> *[[Margaret Anne Staggers]], 79, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe la West Virginia]] (2007–2014).<ref>[https://www.lootpress.com/former-fayette-county-delegate-and-physician-dr-margaret-staggers-has-passed-away/ Former Fayette County delegate and physician Dr. Margaret Staggers has passed away]</ref> *[[Hessy Levinsons Taft]], 91, Mwanakemia na mwanamitindo mtoto wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-whose-baby-photo-was-chosen-by-goebbels-as-aryan-exemplar-dies-at-91/ Jewish woman whose baby photo was chosen by Goebbels as Aryan exemplar dies at 91]</ref> *[[Linda S. Wilson]], 89, Mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo cha Radcliffe]] (1989–1999).<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/linda-wilson-memorial?id=60613372 Linda S. Wilson]</ref> *[[Ruben Yesayan]], 79, Rubani wa majaribio wa Urusi na Armenia.<ref>[https://www.mk.ru/politics/2026/01/01/umer-zasluzhennyy-letchikispytatel-ruben-esayan-kritikovavshiy-sukhoy-superdzhet.html Умер заслуженный летчик-испытатель Рубен Есаян, критиковавший «Сухой суперджет»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Yuen Cheung-yan]], 68, Muigizaji wa Hong Kong (''[[The Miracle Fighters]]'', ''[[Drunken Tai Chi]]'', ''[[Flying Dagger]]''), mwongozaji, na mhusika wa mapambano (martial arts choreographer).<ref>[https://www.mirrormedia.mg/external/setn_1775096 港星病逝！享壽69歲 妻證實噩耗] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Valentin Zakharov]], 92, Mcheza rinking wa kuteleza kwenye barafu (figure skater) wa Urusi.<ref>[https://fsrussia.ru/news/novosti/ushel-iz-zhizni-pervyj-sovetskij-figurist-uchastnik-chempionatov-evropy-i-mira-zakharov-valentin-dmitrievich Ушел из жизни первый советский фигурист – участник чемпионатов Европы и мира Захаров Валентин Дмитриевич] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> ===2=== *[[Ritva Auvinen]], 93, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Finland.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000011727190.html Ihana ja ihmeellinen karjalainen, muistelee Sinikka Sokka tätiään Ritva Auvista] {{in lang|fi}}</ref> *[[Ian Balding]], 87, Mkufunzi wa farasi wa Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |title=Ian Balding, legendary trainer of Mill Reef, dies aged 87 |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411140316/https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Sukumar Barua]], 87, Mshairi wa Bangladesh.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |title=Rhymester Sukumar Barua passes away |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103231936/https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Bobby Baxter (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1937)|Bobby Baxter]], 88, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]], [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]]).<ref>[https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/rip-bobby-baxter RIP Bobby Baxter]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Shyam Bihari Lal]], 60, Mwanasiasa wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh MLA]] (tangu 2017), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/bjp-mla-shyam-bihari-lal-passes-away-after-heart-attack-in-bareilly-cm-yogi-expresses-grief-reactions-latest-updates-2026-01-02-1024230 Shyam Bihari Lal, BJP MLA, dies in Bareilly a day after celebrating his 60th birthday, CM Yogi expresses grief]</ref> *[[Carmen Arnold Biucchi]], 78, Mtaalamu wa sarafu za kale (numismatist) na mwanaakiolojia wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/in-memoriam-carmen-arnold-biucchi-respected-numismatist-and-educator/ In memoriam: Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, respected numismatist and educator]</ref> *[[Dominique Bucchini]], 82, Mwanasiasa wa Ufaransa, Mbunge wa [[Orodha ya wabunge wa Bunge la Ulaya (1979–1984)|Bunge la Ulaya]] (1979–1984) na meya wa [[Sartène]] (1977–2001).<ref>[https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/corse/ancien-president-de-l-assemblee-de-corse-et-maire-de-sartene-dominique-bucchini-est-decede-3275588.html Ancien président de l'Assemblée de Corse et maire de Sartène, Dominique Bucchini est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Tony Carr (mpiga ngoma)|Tony Carr]], 98, Mpiga ngoma wa kurekodi (session drummer) na mpiga vyombo vya mdundo wa Malta ([[CCS (bendi)|CCS]], [[Hot Chocolate]]).<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949 Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies aged 98]</ref> *[[Jean-Max Causse]], 85, Muigizaji wa Ufaransa (''[[I Stand Alone (filamu)|I Stand Alone]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2026/01/07/jean-max-causse-exploitant-de-cinemas-et-grand-nom-de-la-cinephilie-parisienne-est-mort_6660907_3382.html Jean-Max Causse, exploitant de cinémas et grand nom de la cinéphilie parisienne, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Bohdan Chufus]], 75, Mwandishi wa habari, muigizaji na mwimbaji wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://intent.press/en/news/society/2026/odesa-reports-the-death-of-artist-bohdan-chufus Odesa reports the death of artist Bohdan Chufus]</ref> *[[Jenny Collins]], 83, Mtangazaji wa redio wa Uingereza ([[BBC Radio Merseyside]]).<ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bbc-radio-merseyside-founding-member-33159202 BBC Radio Merseyside founding member dies as tributes paid]</ref> *[[Patrick Duffy (mwanasiasa wa Uingereza)|Sir Patrick Duffy]], 105, Mwanasiasa wa Uingereza, Mbunge wa [[Bunge la Uingereza]] (1963–1966, 1970–1992) na rais wa [[Baraza la Kibunge la NATO]] (1988–1990).<ref>[https://www.irishpost.com/news/sir-patrick-duffy-britains-oldest-living-former-mp-passes-away-at-the-age-of-105-302829 Sir Patrick Duffy, Britain's oldest living former MP, passes away at the age of 105]</ref> *[[Toshio Fujii]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Japani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Washauri]] (1998–2004), kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1261959/ 藤井俊男さん死去 元民主党参院議員] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Francis Grant (mwanajeshi wa majini)|Francis Grant]], 101, Mwanajeshi wa majini wa Uingereza na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>[https://www.the-gazette.co.uk/news/national/25747297.d-day-veteran-escorted-allied-troops-landing-normandy-dies-aged-101/ D-Day veteran who escorted allied troops landing in Normandy dies aged 101]</ref> *[[Stephen E. Haggerty]], 87, Mwanafizikia wa ardhi (geophysicist) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.miningweekly.com/article/diamond-legend-steve-haggerty-has-died-2026-01-05 Diamond legend Steve Haggerty has died]</ref> *[[Evan Hammond]], 45, Mtangazaji wa redio na mtangazaji wa michezo wa Kanada ([[CJAV-FM]]), kiharusi.<ref>[https://cheknews.ca/he-was-awesome-fans-grieve-death-of-beloved-island-radio-host-1297611/ 'He was awesome': Fans grieve death of beloved Island radio host]</ref> *[[Sidney Kibrick]], 97, Muigizaji wa Marekani (''[[Our Gang]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2026/01/06/sidney-kibrick-last-of-the-our-gang-kids-dies-at-97/ Sidney Kibrick, Last of the 'Our Gang' Kids, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Kristi Kiick]], 58, Msomi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://rtfoard.com/obituary/kristi-l-kiick/ Kristi L. Kiick]</ref> *[[Elbert Kimbrough]], 87, Mchezaji wa mpira wa Kimarekani (American football) ([[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Los Angeles Rams]], [[New Orleans Saints]]).<ref>[https://www.galesburg.com/obituaries/pils1375723 Elbert Leon Kimbrough]</ref> *[[Anna Kurek (mwanachama wa harakati za uasi)|Anna Kurek]], 96, Muuguzi wa Poland na mshiriki wa [[Uasi wa Warsaw]].<ref>[https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3629594,anna-kurek-medic-of-the-1944-warsaw-uprising-has-died%20Anna%20Kurek,%20medic%20of%20the%201944%20Warsaw%20Uprising%20has%20died] Anna Kurek, medic of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, has died</ref> *[[Paul C. Lambert]], 97, Mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani, balozi nchini [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Marekani nchini Ecuador|Ecuador]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/paul-lambert Paul Lambert '46, Former Trustee, Dies at 97]</ref> *[[Barbara Lawrence (meneja wa vipaji)|Barbara Lawrence]], 82, Meneja wa vipaji wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/barbara-lawrence-dead-manager-hollywood-1236472853/ Barbara Lawrence, Longtime Manager in Hollywood, Dies at 82]</ref> *[[Johnny Legend]], 77, Mwanamuziki wa rockabilly, mtayarishaji wa filamu na meneja wa mieleka wa Marekani, kiharusi na kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.f4wonline.com/news/daily-updates/daily-update-njpw-wrestle-kingdom-20-cmll-sin-salida-johnny-legend/ Daily Update: NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 20, CMLL Sin Salida, Johnny Legend]</ref> *[[Vladimir Lukić]], 92, Mwanasiasa wa Kiserbia wa Bosnia, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Republika Srpska|Waziri Mkuu wa Republika Srpska]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://www.unibl.org/sr/vesti/2026/01/preminuo-prof-vladimir-lukic Преминуо проф. Владимир Лукић] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[David E. Mitchell]], 75, Mwanaharakati wa matibabu wa Marekani, mwanzilishi wa [[Patients for Affordable Drugs Now]], ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (multiple myeloma).<ref>[https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260109_5/ Patient advocate David Mitchell, 75, dies of multiple myeloma]</ref> *[[Ashok Gajanan Modak]], 85, Mwanasiasa and msomi wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Maharashtra|Maharashtra MLC]] (1994–2006).<ref>[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/former-mlc-ashok-modak-passes-away-at-85/3243670 Former MLC Ashok Modak passes away at 85]</ref> *[[Con Pederson]], 91, Msanii wa madoido ya picha (visual effects) wa Marekani (''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]'', ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2026/film/news/con-pederson-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-1236624108/ Con Pederson, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Special Effects Supervisor, Dies at 91]</ref> *[[Valery Fyodorovich Plotnikov]], 82, Mpiga picha wa Urusi.<ref>[https://vecherka-spb.ru/2026/01/02/v-peterburge-umer-snimavshii-visotskogo-fotograf-valerii-plotnikov В Петербурге умер снимавший Высоцкого фотограф Валерий Плотников] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Tim Robertson]], 81, Muigizaji wa Australia mzaliwa wa Uingereza (''[[Chances (kipindi cha TV)|Chances]]'', ''[[Australia You're Standing In It]]'', ''[[Stingers (kipindi cha TV)|Stingers]]'').<ref>[https://tvtonight.com.au/2026/01/vale-tim-robertson.html Vale: Tim Robertson]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii) *[[Lajos Rovátkay]], 92, Mpiga kinubi cha kale (harpsichordist) na mwanamuziki wa Ujerumani mzaliwa wa Hungary.<ref>[https://haydneum.com/rovatkay-lajostol-bucsuzunk/ Rovátkay Lajostól búcsúzunk] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Saleh Rusheidat]], 80, Mwanasiasa wa Jordan, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi (Jordan)|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] (1993–1997) na [[Baraza la Seneti (Jordan)|Seneti]] (tangu 2009).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |title=PM Mourns Former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister Saleh Irshaidat |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105094008/https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Edith Renfrow Smith]], 111, Mtu aliyeishi miaka mingi sana (supercentenarian) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2026/01/04/edith-renfrow-smith-obit Edith Renfrow Smith, a 'memory keeper' and living link to history, dies at 111]</ref> *[[Phoenix Spicer]], 23, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]), aneurysm ya ubongo.<ref>[https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/former-afl-player-phoenix-spicer-dies-as-heartbroken-family-and-football-figures-pay-tribute-c-21196271 Former AFL player Phoenix Spicer dies as heartbroken family and football figures pay tribute]</ref> *[[Bob Taylor (mchezaji mpira wa Australia)|Bob Taylor]], 94, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]).<ref>[https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/taylor-robert-william/6340307/ Taylor, Robert William]</ref> *[[Ivanne Trebbi]], 97, Mwanaharakati wa uasi (partisan) na mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1979–1987).<ref>[https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2026/01/02/news/ivonne_trebbi_morta_partigiana_bruna_castel_maggiore-425072270/ Ivonne Trebbi è morta, addio alla partigiana Bruna. Aveva 97 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Jim Willis (mtupaji mpira wa miaka ya 1950)|Jim Willis]], 98, Mchezaji wa mpira wa magongo (baseball) wa Marekani ([[Chicago Cubs]]).<ref>[https://www.kramerfunerals.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=46849117 James Gladden Willis]</ref> *[[Horst Witzler]], 93, Meneja wa mpira wa miguu wa Ujerumani ([[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]], [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Alemannia Aachen]]).<ref>[https://www.wirtrauern.de/traueranzeige/horst-witzler Horst Witzler] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Robert Wolski]], 43, Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa kuruka juu wa Poland ([[Riadha katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004 – Kuruka juu kwa Wanaume|2004]]), ajali ya barabarani.<ref>[https://sport.fakt.pl/inne-sporty/robert-wolski-nie-zyje-olimpijczyk-z-aten-zmarl-po-wypadku/vcln04y Tragiczna śmierć polskiego olimpijczyka. Robert Wolski nie żyje] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Nellie Wong]], 91, Mshairi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.kearnystreet.org/blog/2026/1/5/remembering-nellie-wong Remembering Nellie Wong]</ref> *[[Mirosław Zdanowicz]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa Poland.<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Zmarl-Miroslaw-Zdanowicz-przedsiebiorca-i-legenda-sportu-n212613.html Zmarł Mirosław Zdanowicz - przedsiębiorca i legenda sportu] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Hushang Ansary]], 98, Mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Iran na Marekani, waziri wa [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|fedha]] (1974–1977) na [[Wizara ya Habari na Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Iran|habari]] (1971–1974), [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Iran nchini Marekani|Balozi nchini Marekani]] (1967–1969), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://antilliaansdagblad.com/nieuws-menu/curacao/32228-hushang-ansary-98-overleden Hushang Ansary (98) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Jamil Azar]], 89, Mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa Jordan, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Al Jazeera]].<ref>[https://www.raialyoum.com/وفاة-الإعلامي-الأردني-جميل-عازر-أحد-مؤ/ وفاة الإعلامي الأردني جميل عازر أحد مؤسسي قناة "الجزيرة" القطرية] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Dietmar Bachmann]], 91, Mwanasiasa wa Austria, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Tyrol]] (1965–1994).<ref>[https://www.tt.com/artikel/30925089/langjaehriger-tiroler-oevp-mandatar-bachmann-91-jaehrig-verstorben Langjähriger Tiroler ÖVP-Mandatar Bachmann 91-jährig verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Claude-Inga Barbey]], 64, Mchekeshaji, mwandishi, na muigizaji wa kike wa Uswisi (''[[The Death of Mario Ricci]]'').<ref>[https://www.tdg.ch/claude-inga-barbey-la-comedienne-genevoise-decede-a-64-ans-287385327444 La comédienne genevoise Claude-Inga Barbey s'en est allée] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Stephen E. Braude]], 80, Mwanafalsafa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/las-vegas-nv/stephen-braude-12691825 Stephen Edward Braude]</ref> *[[Natale Carlotto]], 94, Mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|senator]] (1987–1994) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1976–1987).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2026/01/morto-a-94-anni-lex-senatore-natale-carlotto-3f13e9b1-91f3-4f88-bb6c-40b7a65599c0.html Morto a 94 anni l'ex senatore Natale Carlotto] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Francesco Paolo Casavola]], 94, Mwanasheria wa Italia, [[Orodha ya marais wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Italia|Rais wa Mahakama ya Katiba]] (1992–1995).<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/26_gennaio_04/morto-francesco-paolo-casavola-diritto-come-missione-230d08fa-e9a0-11f0-9bf4-5e5c7de4860b.shtml Morto Francesco Paolo Casavola, il diritto come missione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Frédéric Cerdal]], 81, Muigizaji na mwongozaji wa jukwaani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=1000184421.html Il prêtait sa voix à une légende du cinéma : le comédien français Frédéric Cerdal nous a quittés à l'âge de 81 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Maria Eugènia Cuenca]], 78, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Catalonia|Bunge la Catalan]] (1999–2006) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute]] (1986–1992).<ref>[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mor-maria-eugenia-cuenca-la-primera-dona-que-va-ser-consellera-de-la-generalitat/noticia/3387804/ Mor Maria Eugènia Cuenca, la primera dona que va ser consellera de la Generalitat] {{in lang|ca}}</ref> *[[Anthony Fletcher]], 84, Mwanahistoria wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-january-23-2026-50z7rqgv8 Fletcher] {{paywall}}</ref> *[[Gerry Gable]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa siasa na mhariri wa jarida wa Uingereza (''[[Searchlight (jarida)|Searchlight]]'').<ref>[https://searchlightmagazine.com/2026/01/gerry-gable-1937-2026/ Gerry Gable (1937–2026)]</ref> *[[Franz Herre]], 99, Mwandishi wa habari na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://trauer.merkur.de/traueranzeige/franz-herre Franz Herre] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Marvalene Hughes]], 88, Muelimishaji na msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Stanislaus]] (1994–2005) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dillard]] (2005–2011).<ref>[https://peoplesfuneralhometuskegeeal.com/obituaries/marvalene-hughes/ Marvalene Hughes]</ref> *[[Mesut İktu]], 78, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Uturuki (baritone).<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/opera-sanatcisi-prof-dr-mesut-iktu-vefat-etti/3788714 Opera sanatçısı Prof. Dr. Mesut İktu vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref> *[[Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo]], 89, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Colombia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo la Pereira|Pereira]] (1984–1987), askofu wa [[Jimbo la Málaga–Soatá|Málaga–Soatá]] (1987–2001) na wa [[Jimbo la Buga|Buga]] (2001–2012).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgiraj.html Bishop Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo †]</ref> *[[Nālani Kanakaʻole]], 79, Mwalimu wa densi ya hula ([[kumu hula]]) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://mauinow.com/2026/01/05/nalani-kanaka{{okina}}ole-revered-kumu-hula-and-cultural-matriarch-passes-at-79/ Nālani Kanaka{{okina}}ole, revered Kumu Hula and cultural matriarch, passes at 79]</ref> *[[Latif Karimi]], Mprotestaji wa Iran, brigedia jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], [[Maandamano ya Iran ya 2025–2026|alipigwa risasi]].<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-31 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن لطیف کریمی با شلیک مستقیم نیروهای حکومتی/ تلاش حکومت برای مصادره و وارونه‌سازی واقعیت] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[David M. Maddox]], 87, Jenerali wa jeshi la Marekani.<ref>[https://blackhorse.org/e-news-january-2026/ E-News — January 2026]</ref> *[[Guðmundur Oddur Magnússon]], 70, Msanii na msomi wa Iceland.<ref>[https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2026-01-04-goddur-er-latinn-462845 Goddur er látinn] {{in lang|is}}</ref> *[[Graham McCamley|Sir Graham McCamley]], 93, Mzalishaji wa nyama ya ng'ombe wa Australia.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-05/australian-beef-industry-mourns-loss-of-sir-graham-mccamley-93/106198876 Tributes flow for founding father of Australian beef industry, Sir Graham McCamley]</ref> *[[John Meredith (mchezaji mpira)|John Meredith]], 85, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]], [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]]).<ref>[https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/john-meredith-1940-2026 John Meredith (1940 – 2026)]</ref> *[[Errol Moorcroft]], 85, Mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe (Afrika Kusini)|House of Assembly]] (1981–1987, 1989–1994) na [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini|Bunge la Kitaifa]] (1999–2004).<ref>[https://centralnews.co.za/former-da-federal-chairperson-errol-moorcroft-has-passed-away/ Former DA Federal Chairperson Errol Moorcroft Has Passed Away]</ref> *[[Ahmed Moujahid]], Mchezaji mpira wa Morocco ([[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Morocco|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/equipe-maroc/ahmed-moujahid-vainqueur-de-la-can-1976-avec-le-maroc-est-mort_AV-202601040203.html Ahmed Moujahid, vainqueur de la CAN 1976 avec le Maroc, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Dastagir Hossain Nira]], 60, Mchezaji mpira wa Bangladesh ([[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bangladesh|timu ya taifa]]), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/former-bangladesh-footballer-golam-dostogir-no-more-4072846 Former Bangladesh footballer Golam Dostogir no more]</ref> *[[Pa O'Dwyer]], 40, Mwanaume mwenye nguvu (strongman) wa Ireland.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/strongman-champion-pa-odwyer-dies-33162442 Strongman turned hilarious Instagram star dies aged 40]</ref> *[[Sverre Anker Ousdal]], 81, Muigizaji wa Norway (''[[Insomnia (filamu ya 1997)|Insomnia]]'', ''[[Flight of the Eagle]]'', ''[[The Last Place on Earth]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/GxGLn4/sverre-anker-ousdal-er-doed Sverre Anker Ousdal er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Paczkowski]], 87, Mwanahistoria wa Poland.<ref>[https://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/7,121681,32505118,zmarl-prof-andrzej-paczkowski-jeden-z-najwybitniejszych-polskich.html Zmarł prof. Andrzej Paczkowski, jeden z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Dimitar Penev]], 80, Mchezaji mpira wa Bulgaria ([[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bulgaria|timu ya taifa]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa).<ref>[https://www.bgnes.com/sport/the-great-coach-and-football-player-dimitar-penev-has-passed-away The great coach and football player Dimitar Penev has passed away]</ref> *[[Jenny Plocki]], 100, Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa Ufaransa. *[[Rolf Riehm]], 88, mtunzi wa muziki wa Ujerumani (''[[Sirenen]]''), mpiga oboe na msomi ([[Musikhochschule Frankfurt]]).<ref>[https://www.fr.de/kultur/musik/der-komponist-rolf-riehm-war-ein-aesthetischer-brigant-mit-einspruch-94112742.html Komponist Rolf Riehm ist gestorben: Immer mit Einspruch] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Randy Riley]], 63, mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/east-lansing-mi/randy-riley-12692653 Randy Joseph Riley]</ref> *[[Eva Schloss]], 96, msururu wa Maangamizi makuu ya Wanazi na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Austria-Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.annefrank.org/en/about-us/news-and-press/news/2026/1/4/in-memoriam-eva-schloss-geiringer/ In memoriam – Eva Schloss-Geiringer]</ref> *[[Robert K. Tanenbaum]], 83, wakili wa kesi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa Amerika, [[Orodha ya mameya wa Beverly Hills, California|meya wa Beverly Hills, California]] (1988–1989, 1992–1993), saratani.<ref>[https://aarclibrary.org/2026/01/08/former-deputy-chief-counsel-for-the-house-select-committee-on-assassinations-robert-k-tanenbaum-has-died-at-the-age-of-83/ Former Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Robert K. Tanenbaum, has died at the age of 83]</ref> *[[Nam Singh Thapa]], 79, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Nepal ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1964 – Flyweight|1964]]), saratani.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nam-singh-thapa-nepals-first-olympian-dies Nam Singh Thapa, Nepal's first Olympian, dies]</ref> *[[Samuel O. Thier]], 88, daktari na mwanataaluma wa Amerika, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brandeis]] (1991–1994).<ref>[https://nam.edu/news-and-insights/remembering-samuel-o-thier-iom-president-1985-1991/ Remembering Samuel O. Thier, IOM President (1985-1991)]</ref> *[[Ivan Varshavsky]], 87, mhandisi wa Urusi na msimamizi wa njia za reli.<ref>[https://www.amur.life/people/2026/01/03/v-tynde-umer-legendarnyy-bamovec-ivan-varshavskiy В Тынде умер легендарный строитель БАМа Иван Варшавский] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Wang Zheng (vice admiral)|Wang Zheng]], 64, makamu wa amirali wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32311251 海军原副政委王征中将逝世，享年64岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Terry Wharton]], 83, mchezaji wa soka wa Uingereza ([[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/club/20260103-terry-wharton-1942-2026/ Terry Wharton | 1942-2026]</ref> *[[William H. Yohn Jr.]], 90, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa Amerika, jaji wa [[Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Mashariki ya Pennsylvania]] (tangu 1991), mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania]] (1968–1980).<ref>[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/yohn-william-hendricks-jr Yohn, William Hendricks, Jr.]</ref> *[[Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi]], 76, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Indonesia.<ref>[https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5332042/pimpinan-pmdg-gontor-kh-amal-fathullah-zarkasyi-wafat Pimpinan PMDG Gontor KH Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi wafat] {{in lang|id}}</ref> *[[Zhang Kerang]], 78, mwigizaji wa Kichina wa [[Peking opera]].<ref>[https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/01/05/11505292.shtml 著名京剧表演艺术家、马连良先生入室弟子张克让逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> ===4=== *[[Forest Able]], 93, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Syracuse Nationals]]).<ref>[https://wkusports.com/news/2026/1/6/general-wku-athletics-hall-of-famer-forest-frosty-able-passes-away WKU Athletics Hall of Famer Forest "Frosty" Able Passes Away]</ref> *[[Ali Abu Al-Ragheb]], 79, mwanasiasa wa Jordan, [[Waziri Mkuu wa Jordan|waziri mkuu]] (2000–2003).<ref>[https://www.ammanjo.co/article/253792 رئيس الوزراء الأسبق علي ابو الراغب في ذمة الله] {{in lang|ar}}</ref> *[[Fazalur Raheem Ashrafi]], 81, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Pakistan, mfadhili wa [[Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia]].<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/2087344161-jamia-ashrafia-head-maulana-ashrafi-passes-away Jamia Ashrafia head Maulana Ashrafi passes away]</ref> *[[Céline Bellot]], 55, mtaalamu wa kriminolojia na mwanataaluma wa Kanada, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/946011/mort-celine-bellot-chercheuse-personnes-marginalisees Pionnière du travail social sur l'itinérance et le profilage, la chercheuse Céline Bellot s'éteint] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Mario Blasone]], 85, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Italia.<ref>[https://fip.it/ci-ha-lasciati-mario-blasone-le-condoglianze-del-presidente-petrucci-e-della-fip/ Ci ha lasciati coach Mario Blasone. Le condoglianze del presidente Petrucci. Disposto minute di silenzio] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bob Boyer (wrestler)|Bob Boyer]], 93, mweleka wa kitaalamu wa Kanada.<ref>[https://www.flannerbuchanan.com/obituaries/robert-boyer Robert Gerald Boyer]</ref> *[[David Branch (ice hockey)|David Branch]], 77, msimamizi wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada, kamishna wa [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] (1979–2024) na rais wa [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] (1996–2019).<ref>[https://chl.ca/ohl/article/ohl-chl-mourn-the-loss-of-david-branch-transformative-commissioner-and-hockey-visionary/ OHL, CHL Mourn the Loss of David Branch, Transformative Commissioner and Hockey Visionary]</ref> *[[Tom Britt]], 89, mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/thomas-britt/ Remembering Thomas Britt: The Grand Entertainer of Design]</ref> *[[Zoraida Burgos i Matheu]], 92, mwandishi wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/burgosz/english Zoraida Burgos]</ref> *[[Calbo (rapper)|Calbo]], 52, mwanamuziki wa rap wa Ufaransa ([[Ärsenik]]).<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/necrologie/le-rappeur-calbo-membre-du-duo-emblematique-aersenik-est-mort-a-lage-de-52-ans-12c200ea-e98c-11f0-9b78-7c77e15311d5 Le rappeur Calbo, membre du duo emblématique Ärsenik, est mort à l'âge de 52 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Chandrasena Thalangama]], 81, mwandishi wa habari na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://dailynews.lk/2026/01/05/local/927640/veteran-lyricist-and-journalist-chandrasena-thalangama-passes-away/ Veteran Lyricist and Journalist Chandrasena Thalangama passes away]</ref> *[[Larry M. Cherry]], 69, mtengenezaji wa mitindo ya nywele wa Amerika (''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'', ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'').<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/in-memoriam/2026 In Memoriam]</ref> *[[Germaine Cousin-Zermatten]], 100, mtaalamu wa mitishamba wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/valais/2026/article/deces-de-germaine-cousin-zermatten-gardienne-des-remedes-ancestraux-valaisans-29108760.html Gardienne des remèdes d'antan, la Valaisanne Germaine Cousin-Zermatten s'est éteinte à 100 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jim Dennison]], 87, kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]], [[Walsh Cavaliers football|Walsh Cavaliers]]).<ref>[https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/zips/2026/01/05/jim-dennison-died-obit-akron-zips-football-coach-walsh/77733069007/ Jim Dennison, winningest football coach at Akron and Walsh, dies]</ref> *[[Kamiel Dierckx]], 84, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Ubelgiji ([[Mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Ubelgiji|Belgian Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.basketballbelgium.be/news/balgoochelaar-kamiel-dierckx-op-84-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Le magicien de bal Kamiel Dierckx est décédé à l'âge de 84 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Frank Dunlop (director)|Frank Dunlop]], 98, mwongozaji wa ukumbi wa michezo wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2026/jan/06/frank-dunlop-obituary Frank Dunlop obituary]</ref> *[[Manuel Fernández Ilarraza]], 85, daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake na mwanasiasa wa Hispania, [[Orodha ya marais wa Bunge la La Rioja|rais wa Bunge la La Rioja]] (1987–1988).<ref>[https://www.eldiadelarioja.es/noticia/zfa0a01e2-4243-4b79-9583f46f193b848f/202601/muere-manuel-fernandez-ilarraza-expresidente-del-parlamento Muere Manuel Fernández Ilarraza, expresidente del Parlamento] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Miloslav Fiala]], 97, kasisi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-knez-miloslav-fiala-40555863 Zemřel kněz Miloslav Fiala] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Andy Friendly]], 74, mtayarishaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/andy-friendly-dead-entertainment-tonight-1236674998/ Andy Friendly Dies: First 'Entertainment Tonight' Producer, Son Of Legendary CBS Newsman Fred Friendly Was 74]</ref> *[[John Gaisford]], 91, askofu wa Anglikana wa Uingereza, [[Askofu wa Beverley]] (1994–2000).<ref>[https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2026/9-january/gazette/deaths/deaths Deaths]</ref> *[[L. Ganesan]], 91, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Lok Sabha|Mbunge]] (1980–1986, 2004–2009).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-dravidian-ideologue-l-ganesan-no-more/article70469988.ece Veteran Dravidian ideologue L. Ganesan no more]</ref> *[[Anne-Claire Goulon]], 51, mwanamke wa biashara wa Ufaransa, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/societe/2026/01/04/anne-claire-goulon-ex-dirigeante-du-groupe-livio-s-est-eteinte-a-51-ans Anne-Claire Goulon, ex-dirigeante du groupe Livio, s'est éteinte à 51 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Vicki L. Gregory]], 75, mwanataaluma na mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/montgomery-al/vicki-gregory-12693551 Vicki Gregory]</ref> *[[Michel Griffon]], 77, mtaalamu wa kilimo wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://gret.org/actualite/2026/hommage-a-michel-griffon/ Hommage à Michel Griffon] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Roger Guesnerie]], 82, mwanauchumi na mwanataaluma wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ehess.fr/fr/hommage/hommage-roger-guesnerie Hommage à Roger Guesnerie] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Denise Harlow]], 55, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Maine]] (2010–2018), saratani.<ref>[https://www.sunjournal.com/2026/01/08/a-big-believer-in-justice-former-portland-lawmaker-dies-at-55/ Former Portland lawmaker Denise Harlow dies at 55]</ref> *[[Bobby Holmes]], 93, mchezaji wa soka wa Scotland ([[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]).<ref>[https://dumbartonfootballclub.com/bobby-holmes/ Bobby Holmes]</ref> *[[Nora Ikstena]], 56, mwandishi na meneja wa utamaduni wa Latvia.<ref>[https://www.apollo.lv/8390161/muziba-devusies-rakstniece-nora-ikstena Mūžībā devusies rakstniece Nora Ikstena] {{in lang|lv}}</ref> *[[Klaus Keitel]], 86, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe (1990–2002) na rais (1990–1998) wa [[Landtag ya Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>[https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/erster-landtagsprasident-von-sachsen-anhalt-ist-verstorben-4176883 Erster Landtagspräsident von Sachsen-Anhalt ist verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[John Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw]], 89, mwanafalsafa wa kifalme wa Uingereza, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wakuu]] (1968–1999).<ref>[https://members.parliament.uk/member/2012/career Lord Kershaw]</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Does not give a date of death|date=January 2026}} *[[Kim Young-in]], 85, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Dachimawa Lee]]'', ''[[No Blood No Tears]]'', ''[[Arahan]]'').<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260104025000505 '원조 스턴트맨'...60년간 배우 활동한 김영인씨 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref> *[[Wiktor Kinecki]], 96, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1976–1980).<ref>[https://zhp.pl/odszedl-na-wieczna-warte-druh-harcmistrz-wiktor-kinecki/ Odszedł na Wieczną Wartę Druh harcmistrz Wiktor Kinecki] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Graham Knight (Australian footballer)|Graham Knight]], 94, mchezaji wa [[Sheria za mpira wa miguu za Australia|soka la Australia]] ([[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]).<ref>[https://www.smct.org.au/deceased-search/detail?id=4c03d010-15f7-f011-97fd-9cb0e349dd9d Graham Ivo Knight]</ref> *[[Milorad Kosanović]], 75, mchezaji wa soka wa Serbia ([[FK Proleter Zrenjanin|Proleter Zrenjanin]], [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]) na meneja ([[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Malta|Timu ya taifa ya Malta]]).<ref>[https://www.danas.rs/sport/na-svoj-rodjendan-preminuo-milorad-kosanovic/ Na svoj rođendan preminuo Milorad Kosanović] {{in lang|sr}}</ref> *[[Bernard Lemoux]], 83, mfanyabiashara wa Ufaransa, rais wa [[Stade Rennais FC]] (1973–1977).<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais-l-ancien-president-du-club-bernard-lemoux-est-decede-6969746 Stade Rennais : l'ancien président du club Bernard Lemoux est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[George C. Lodge]], 98, mwanasiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/george-lodge-obituary?id=60478546 George Lodge]</ref> *[[Oscar Lofton]], 87, mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Boston Patriots]]) na kocha ([[Southeastern Louisiana Lions football|Southeastern Louisiana Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.churchfuneralservices.com/obituaries/oscar-lofton Oscar Warren Lofton]</ref> *[[Naser Toure Mahama]], 60, mwanasiasa wa Ghana, [[Bunge la Ghana|Mbunge]] (tangu 2012).<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2026/01/ayawaso-east-mp-mahama-naser-toure-dies-after-short-illness/ Ayawaso East MP Mahama Naser Toure dies after short illness]</ref> *[[Miloslav Masopust]], 101, jenerali wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-valecny-veteran-miloslav-masopust-40556008 Zemřel válečný veterán Miloslav Masopust] {{in lang|cs}}</ref> *[[Giorgos Papadakis]], 74, mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Ugiriki, mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1752644/o-giorgos-papadakis-sto-laiko-me-varutato-emfragma/ Έφυγε από τη ζωή ο Γιώργος Παπαδάκης ύστερα από έμφραγμα] {{in lang|el}}</ref> *[[Daniel Pelletti]], 77, mchoraji wa Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.sudinfo.be/id1090516/article/2026-01-05/la-louviere-perd-lun-de-ses-artistes-emblematiques-daniel-pelletti-tire-sa La Louvière perd l'un de ses artistes emblématiques : Daniel Pelletti a tiré sa révérence à l'âge de 77 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Jules Radich]], 71, mwanasiasa wa New Zealand, [[meya wa Dunedin]] (2022–2025), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/former-mayor-dunedin-jules-radich-dies Former mayor of Dunedin Jules Radich dies]</ref> *[[Michael Reagan]], 80, mchambuzi wa kisiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/latest-news-trump-maduro_n_695bb603e4b0d6beb5fd9469/liveblog_695d80b5e4b0b693af45947f Michael Reagan, Eldest Son Of Ronald Reagan, Has Died]</ref> *[[Donald C. Rogers]], 94, mhandisi wa sauti wa Amerika (''[[Rocky]]'', ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/donald-c-rogers-dies-94-1236676997/ Donald C. Rogers Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Rocky', 'Little Shop of Horrors' & 'The Goonies' Sound Director Was 94]</ref> *[[Marissa Sanchez]], 69, mchezaji wa tenisi wa Ufilipino.<ref>[https://punto.com.ph/70s-phl-tennis-star-marissa-sanchez-dies-at-69/ '70s PHL tennis star Marissa Sanchez dies at 69]</ref> *[[Jacqueline Schaeffer]], 91, mwanasaikolojia wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.spp.asso.fr/deces-de-jacqueline-schaeffer-1934-2026/ Décès de Jacqueline Schaeffer (1934-2026)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Steve Sheetz]], 77, mwendeshaji wa duka la bidhaa mchanganyiko wa Amerika, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais wa [[Sheetz|Sheetz, Inc.]] (1984–1995).<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/steve-sheetz-dies/ Former Sheetz president and CEO Steve Sheetz dies at age 77]</ref> *[[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]], 79, mwanahistoria na mtaalamu wa akiolojia wa India.<ref>[https://pragativadi.com/khadial-king-jitamitra-prasad-singh-deo-passes-away-at-80/ Khadial King Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo Passes Away at 80]</ref> *[[Ralph L. Thomas]], 86, mwongozaji wa filamu wa Kanada aliyezaliwa Brazil (''[[The Terry Fox Story]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]'', ''[[Ticket to Heaven]]'') na mwandishi wa skripti, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/ralph-thomas-dies-journalist-filmmaker-obit/ Ralph L. Thomas, 'The Terry Fox Story' Director and Journalist, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Horacio Usandizaga]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Argentina, [[Seneti ya Argentina|seneta]] (1995–2003) na meya wa [[Rosario]] (1983–1989), matatizo kutokana na kiharusi cha mara kwa mara.<ref>[https://www.infobae.com/politica/2026/01/04/murio-horacio-usandizaga-historico-dirigente-de-la-ucr-y-primer-intendente-de-rosario-tras-el-regreso-de-la-democracia/ Murió Horacio Usandizaga, histórico dirigente de la UCR y primer intedente de Rosario tras el regreso de la democracia] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)|Mary White]], 81, mwanamke wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa Ireland, [[Seanad Éireann|seneta]] (2002–2016).<ref>[https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/she-was-a-force-of-nature-mary-white-former-senator-and-founder-of-lir-chocolates-dies-aged-81/a891185846.html 'She was a force of nature' – Mary White, former senator and founder of Lir Chocolates, dies aged 81]</ref> *[[Xiao Zhuang (photographer)|Xiao Zhuang]], 93, mpiga picha wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316516 著名摄影家、新中国第一批女摄影记者晓庄逝世，享年94岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> *[[Teresa Zalewska]], 83, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1989–1991).<ref>[https://www.nasztomaszow.pl/artykul/53485,zmarla-pani-teresa-zalewska Zmarła Pani Teresa Zalewska] {{in lang|pl}}</ref> ===5=== *[[Ahn Sung-ki]], 74, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Silmido (film)|Silmido]]'', ''[[Two Cops]]'', ''[[Radio Star (film)|Radio Star]]''), saratani ya damu.<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/english/travel-food-en/2026/01/05/3356DGXZABF6PF4YANV36GJNHE/ South Korean Film Legend Ahn Sung-ki Dies at 75]</ref> *[[Aldrich Ames]], 84, afisa wa ujasusi wa Amerika ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]) na mjasusi wa zamani wa Umoja wa Kisovieti aliyetiwa hatiani.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aldrich-ames-dies-age-84-russia-spy/ Aldrich Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for Russia, dies at age 84]</ref> *[[Bonifacio Ávila]], 75, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Colombia ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1972 – Light middleweight|1972]]).<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otros-deportes/luto-en-el-boxeo-colombiano-por-la-muerte-del-legendario-bony-3522048 Luto en el boxeo colombiano por la muerte del legendario 'Bony' Ávila] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Herbert Beck (historian)|Herbert Beck]], 84, mwanahistoria wa sanaa wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunst-und-architektur/ein-grosser-aufklaerer-zum-tod-des-ehemaligen-staedel-und-liebieghausdirektors-herbert-beck-accg-110814367.html Mustergültiger Aufklärer] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Andrew Bodnar]], 71, mpiga gitaa la bezi wa Uingereza ([[The Rumour]]) na mtunzi wa nyimbo ("[[I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass]]").<ref>[https://www.hitzound.com/bassist-andrew-bodnar-o-a-graham-parker-the-rumour-overleden/ Bassist Andrew Bodnar (o.a. Graham Parker & The Rumour) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Andrew Carter (composer)|Andrew Carter]], 86, mtunzi wa muziki wa Uingereza ([[Benedicite (Carter)|Benedicite]]) na mwongozaji wa kwaya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam |title=Andrew Carter - In Memoriam |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260301093343/https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Tom Cherones]], 86, mwongozaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]''), matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tom-cherones-dead-seinfeld-director-producer-1236469039/ Tom Cherones, Emmy-Winning 'Seinfeld' Director and Producer, Dies at 86]</ref> *[[Beatriz de Lenclós]], 102, mnenguaji wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.elcorreo.com/alava/araba/fallece-beatriz-lenclos-gran-vedette-vitoriana-marco-20260107192323-nt.html Fallece Beatriz de Lenclós, la gran vedette vitoriana que marcó época] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Marian Diamond (actress)|Marian Diamond]], 89, mwigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Subterfuge (1968 film)|Subterfuge]]'', ''[[Goodbye Gemini]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'').<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/news/obituaries/marian-diamond-miriam-margolyes-pays-tribute-dear-friend-jackanory-brookside-death-aged-89-5474592 Marian Diamond: Miriam Margolyes pays tribute to 'dear friend' after Jackanory star's death aged 89]</ref> *[[Miklós Dudás (canoeist)|Miklós Dudás]], 34, mchezaji wa mtumbwi wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria ([[Canoeing katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 – Men's K-1 200 metres|2012]]), bingwa wa dunia ([[2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships|2014]]).<ref>[https://24.hu/sport/2026/01/05/meghalt-dudas-miki/ Meghalt Dudás Miki] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Aoi Fujino]], 27, mwanamitindo wa Kijapani wa gravure idol, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].<ref>[https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2026/01/09/articles/20260109s00041000284000c.html 元グラドル藤乃あおいさんが死去、27歳 親族が発表 23年に希少がんを公表 闘病続けていた] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> *[[Paolo Gillet]], 96, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Albano|Albano]] (1993–2005).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgillet.html Bishop Paolo Gillet †]</ref> *[[Pier Francesco Guarguaglini]], 88, mtendaji wa sekta ya ulinzi wa Italia, mwenyekiti wa [[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] (2002–2011).<ref>[https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/morto-pier-francesco-guarguaglini-crosetto-uomo-intelligenza-e-visione-AIoes8h Morto Pier Francesco Guarguaglini, Crosetto: uomo di intelligenza e visione] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Bruce Hammock]], 78, mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) wa Amerika.<ref>[http://entnem.ucdavis.edu/news/bruce-hammock-1947-2026 Bruce Hammock: 1947-2026]</ref> *[[Andrew Hichens]], 89, mchezaji wa kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Oxfordshire County Cricket Club|Oxfordshire]]).<ref>[https://www.oxfordshire.cricket/andrew-hichens-obituary/ Andrew Hichens Obituary]</ref> *[[Ad van Kempen]], 81, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[1-900 (film)|1-900]]'', ''[['n Beetje Verliefd]]'', ''[[Winter in Wartime (film)|Winter in Wartime]]''), saratani ya tezi dume.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/show/acteur-ad-van-kempen-overleden-op-81-jarige-leeftijd~a7cdd6f6/ Acteur Ad van Kempen overleden op 81-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[José Mingorance]], 87, mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania ([[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Hispania|timu ya taifa]]) na meneja ([[Granada CF|Granada]]).<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/andalucia/cordoba/cordoba-cf/fallece-jose-mingorance-leyenda-epoca-dorada-cordoba-20260105163238-nts.html Fallece José Mingorance, leyenda de la época dorada del Córdoba CF en Primera División] {{in lang|es}}</ref> *[[Reza Moradi Abdolvand]], 18, mprotestaji wa Iran, alipigwa risasi.<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-40 گزارش هه‌نگاو از جانباختن رضا مرادی عبدالوند ششمین جانباخته اعتراضات شهر ازنا] {{in lang|fa}}</ref> *[[James E. O'Grady]], 96, afisa wa kurejesha sheria wa Amerika, [[Sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook|sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook]] (1986–1990).<ref>[https://www.smithcorcoran.com/obituaries/James-E-OGrady?obId=46864181 James E. O'Grady]</ref> *[[Jawann Oldham]], 68, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Chicago Bulls]], [[Houston Rockets]], [[New York Knicks]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seattle-university/jawann-oldham-a-basketball-star-at-cleveland-high-seattle-u-dies-at-68/ Jawann Oldham, a basketball star at Cleveland High, Seattle U, dies at 68]</ref> *[[Induratana Paribatra]], 103, mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa Thailand.<ref>[https://pantip.com/topic/43930505 "พระองค์หญิงอินทุรัตนา บริพัตร" (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอินทุรัตนา) สิ้นพระชนม์ สิริพระชันษา ๑๐๓ ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref> *[[Molly Parkin]], 93, mchoraji, mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa habari wa Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgeyrg5e7xo Artist and fashion writer Molly Parkin dies]</ref> *[[Bob Pulford]], 89, mchezaji wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada aliyeingizwa kwenye [[Hockey Hall of Fame]], kocha ([[Chicago Blackhawks]]), na mtendaji, rais wa [[National League Players' Association|NHLPA]] (1967–1972), bingwa mara nne wa [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/bob-pulford-dead-at-age-89 Pulford, 4-time Stanley Cup champion with Maple Leafs, dies at 89]</ref> *[[Cosimo Scaglioso]], 89, mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|seneta]] (1994–1996).<ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/siena/cronaca/la-citta-piange-cosimo-scaglioso-a668b72e La città piange Cosimo Scaglioso. Fu docente emerito e senatore] {{in lang|it}}</ref> *[[Elle Simone]], 49, mpishi wa Amerika (''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'') na mwanamitindo wa chakula.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/01/07/chef-food-stylist-elle-simone-scott-dies Chef and food stylist Elle Simone Scott dies at 49]</ref> *[[Elsje de Wijn]], 82, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[De stille Oceaan]]'', ''[[For a Lost Soldier]]'', ''[[Het 14e kippetje]]'') na mwimbaji.<ref>[https://www.nu.nl/media/6381646/karel-zangeres-elsje-de-wijn-overleden-op-82-jarige-leeftijd.html Karel-zangeres Elsje de Wijn overleden op 82-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Ken Wilcock]], 91, mkimbiaji wa mbio fupi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/sport/25738581.tribute-sutton-harrier-ken-wilcock-died-aged-91/?ref=rss Tribute to Sutton Harrier Ken Wilcock, who has died aged 91]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Mike Wilson (kart racer)|Mike Wilson]], 66, mkimbiaji wa mashindano ya kart wa Uingereza, bingwa wa dunia mara sita ([[Karting World Championship|world champion]]).<ref>[https://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2026/01/05/mike-wilson-1959-2026-the-king-of-karting-takes-his-final-bow/ Mike Wilson (1959-2026): The King of Karting takes his final bow]</ref> ===6=== *[[Joe Arlooktoo]], 86, msanii wa kuona na mwanasiasa wa Kanada, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories MLA]] (1979–1991).<ref>[https://nunavutnews.com/2026/01/06/former-mla-and-mayor-joe-arlooktoo-passes-away-at-86/ Former MLA and mayor Joe Arlooktoo passes away at 86]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii) *[[Odette Bergoffen]], 101, mpiganaji wa upinzani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/guerre-39-45/elle-avait-risque-sa-vie-pour-en-sauver-dautres-odette-bergoffen-juste-parmi-les-nations-est-morte-a-101-ans-6d1b52a8-eadb-11f0-a887-2a4cc40b8e21 Elle avait risqué sa vie pour en sauver d'autres : Odette Bergoffen, Juste parmi les Nations, est morte à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> *[[Andrzej Bogusławski]], 94, mtaalamu wa filolojia na semantiki wa Poland.<ref>[https://neofilologia.uw.edu.pl/odszedl-profesor-andrzej-boguslawski/ Odszedł Profesor Andrzej Bogusławski]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pl}}</ref> *[[Ron Boswell]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Australia, [[Seneti ya Australia|seneta]] (1983–2014).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-06/former-queensland-senator-ron-boswell-nationals/100104534 Former Queensland senator Ron 'Bozzie' Boswell dies aged 85]</ref> *[[John Cunningham (actor)|John Cunningham]], 93, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[Titanic (musical)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Company (musical)|Company]]'', ''[[Mystic Pizza]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-cunningham-dad-broadway-actor-mystic-pizza-1236467917/ John Cunningham, Veteran Broadway Actor, Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Dick Dull]], 80, mkurugenzi wa michezo wa Amerika ([[Maryland Terrapins]]).<ref>[https://umterps.com/news/2026/1/7/terrapin-athletics-former-maryland-ad-dick-dull-passes-away.aspx Former Maryland AD Dick Dull Passes Away]</ref> *[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]], 73, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Kerala|Kerala MLA]] (2011–2021).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away]</ref> *[[Johannes Fabian]], 88, mtaalamu wa anthropolojia wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://images.nrc.nl/pqE3TqhOiO9qYNA7EKPmZYE9j68=/filters:no_upscale():format(jpeg):fill(f8f8f8,true)/s3/nrchub/clippings/NH/20260110/528-advertisement-295553_1347763_fabian10ra-521857h-21c073.png Johannes Fabian] {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[Alex Felipe]], 32, mchezaji wa futsal wa Brazil ([[Sporting CP (futsal)|Sporting CP]], [[MFK Norilsk Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], [[Timu ya taifa ya futsal ya Brazil|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.championat.com/other/news-6308058-v-uhte-skonchalsya-igrok-mfk-norilskij-nikel-aleks-felipe.html В Ухте скончался 32-летний нападающий МФК «Норильский никель» Алекс Фелипе] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> *[[Angella D. Ferguson]], 100, daktari wa watoto wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/angella-ferguson-obituary?id=60507419 Angella Ferguson]</ref> *[[Edith M. Flanigen]], 96, mwanakemia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-flanigen Edith Flanigen]</ref> *[[Robert Goebbels]], 81, mwanasiasa wa Luxembourg, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa uchumi na biashara ya nje wa Luxembourg|waziri wa uchumi]] (1989–1999) na [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa nishati wa Luxembourg|nishati]] (1994–1999), mtia saini wa [[Mkataba wa Schengen]].<ref>[https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/schengen-signatory-robert-goebbels-passes-away-at-81-1716960005 Schengen signatory Robert Goebbels passes away at 81]</ref> *[[Richard Hynes]], 81, mwanabiolojia wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2026/richard-hynes-dies-0123 Richard Hynes, a pioneer in the biology of cellular adhesion, dies at 81]</ref> *[[Suresh Kalmadi]], 81, mwanasiasa na msimamizi wa michezo wa India, [[Bunge la India|Mbunge]] (1982–2014) na rais wa [[Chama cha Olimpiki cha India|IOA]] (1996–2011).<ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/former-union-minister-suresh-kalmadi-passes-away-at-81-after-prolonged-illness-13758255.html Former Union minister Suresh Kalmadi passes away at 81 after prolonged illness]</ref> *[[Doug LaMalfa]], 65, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani]] (tangu 2013), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/doug-lamalfa-dies-california Doug LaMalfa, California Republican congressman, dies aged 65]</ref> *[[József Láyer]], 70, mwanasiasa wa Hungaria, [[Bunge la Kitaifa (Hungaria)|Mbunge]] (1998–2006).<ref>[https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/nyitolap/-/asset_publisher/S5FDl868Frny/content/elhunyt-láyer-józsef-volt-országgyűlési-képviselő Elhunyt Láyer József volt országgyűlési képviselő] {{in lang|hu}}</ref> *[[Rhoda Levine]], 93, mwongozaji wa opera na mwanakoreografia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://operawire.com/obituary-opera-director-rhoda-levine-dies-at-93/ Obituary: Opera Director Rhoda Levine Dies at 93]</ref> *[[Jim McBride (songwriter)|Jim McBride]], 78, mtunzi wa nyimbo za country wa Amerika ("[[Chasin' That Neon Rainbow|Chasing That Neon Rainbow]]", "[[(Who Says) You Can't Have It All]]", "[[Chattahoochee (song)|Chattahoochee]]").<ref>[https://www.waff.com/2026/01/07/alabama-music-hall-famer-huntsville-native-jim-mcbride-dies-78/ Alabama Music Hall of Famer, Huntsville native Jim McBride, dies at 78]</ref> *[[Jack McGregor]], 91, mwanasiasa na mmiliki wa timu ya michezo wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Seneti ya Jimbo la Pennsylvania]] (1963–1970) na mwanzilishi wa [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/jack-mcgregor-dies-pittsburgh-penguins/ Jack McGregor, original founder of Pittsburgh Penguins, dies at 91]</ref> *[[Kathleen Muxel]], 54, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe wa [[Landtag ya Brandenburg]] (tangu 2019).<ref>[https://www.n-tv.de/regionales/berlin-und-brandenburg/AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete-Muxel-gestorben-id30210190.html AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete Muxel gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref> *[[Raffaele Nogaro]], 92, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu wa [[Jimbo la Sessa Aurunca]] (1982–1990) na wa [[Jimbo la Caserta]] (1990–2009).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnogaro.html Bishop Raffaele Nogaro †]</ref> *[[John F. O'Donohue]], 79, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', ''[[The Family Man]]'').<ref>[https://lowtherfamily.com/obituaries/john-f-odonohue/ John F. O'Donohue]</ref> *[[Saeid Pirdoost]], 85, mwigizaji wa Iran (''[[Snake Fang]]'', ''[[Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve]]'', ''[[Great Award]]''), saratani.<ref>[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/240504/Veteran-Iranian-actor-Saeid-Pirdoost-passes-away Veteran Iranian actor Saeid Pirdoost passes away]</ref> *[[Claude Pivi]], 66, afisa wa jeshi wa Guinea, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa kisukari.<ref>[https://globalnation.inquirer.net/304660/guinea-ex-security-chief-convicted-over-crimes-against-humanity-dies Guinea ex-security chief convicted over crimes against humanity dies]</ref> *[[Jaap Pop]], 84, mwanasiasa wa Uholanzi, meya wa [[Haarlem]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden Oud-burgemeester Jaap Pop overleden] {{Wayback|url=https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden |date=20260201234641 }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref> *[[David Quail]], 88, mwanasiasa na mwelimishaji wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mkoa wa Gauteng]] (1999–2009).<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-gauteng-mourns-passing-of-former-mpl-david-quai DA Gauteng mourns passing of former MPL David Quail]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] nn4xq3xkqi1uxo0aav2at69awc601o8 0 238376 1589954 1550009 2026-08-21T14:27:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Owen Pieter Faure Horwood''', DMS (6 Desemba 1916 – 13 Septemba 1998)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sorry, this page does not exist {{!}} Ancestry|url=https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records//Owen_Pieter_Horwood_records.ashx?pid=177801171|work=www.ancestry.com|accessdate=2026-05-24|archive-date=2023-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805174159/https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records//Owen_Pieter_Horwood_records.ashx?pid=177801171|url-status=dead}}</ref> alikuwa mwanauchumi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini. Alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha ''National Party'' katika jimbo la Natal na alihudumu kama Waziri wa Fedha kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi 1984. Alimuoa Helen Watt, ambaye alikuwa dada yake Janet Smith—mke wa Ian Smith, aliyekuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Rhodesia. Baada ya kuhitimu masomo yake ya upili katika [[shule]] ya ''Paarl Boys’ High School'', Horwood alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town ambapo alitunukiwa digrii ya B.Com (Biashara) na [[diploma]] ya uzamili katika sayansi ya bima (''actuarial science''). Alifanya kazi jijini Cape Town hadi mwaka 1947 alipoteuliwa kuwa Mhadhiri Mwandamizi wa Biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town. Mnamo mwaka 1954, alikuwa profesa mshiriki katika chuo hicho, na mnamo 1956, akawa Profesa wa Uchumi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodesia na Nyasaland mjini Salisbury. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1998]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] ar0dbjkemrmma4mqyjznbus6jr0ssg5 0 239267 1590139 1552180 2026-08-22T01:22:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590139 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephanie Godwin''' ([[Juni 10]], [[1917]] – [[Januari 7]], [[2006]]), pia anajulikana kama Stephani Godwin, Stephanie Scott-Godwin na Stephanie Scott-Snell, alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]]. Alijulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa picha za watu na mandhari, na alionyesha katika ''Royal Academy'' mara kadhaa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artists/allfree-geoffrey-stephen-18891918 |title='Geoffrey Stephen Allfree', ArtUK |accessdate=2026-05-27 |archive-date=2024-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902215452/https://artuk.org/discover/artists/allfree-geoffrey-stephen-18891918 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] 56u3tgizlfoh19hu5yjt8wutgrsgyvk 1590197 1590139 2026-08-22T06:44:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephanie Godwin''' ([[Juni 10]], [[1917]] – [[Januari 7]], [[2006]]), pia anajulikana kama Stephani Godwin, Stephanie Scott-Godwin na Stephanie Scott-Snell, alikuwa [[mchoraji]] picha wa [[Uingereza]]. Alijulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa picha za watu na mandhari, na alionyesha katika ''Royal Academy'' mara kadhaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artists/allfree-geoffrey-stephen-18891918 |title='Geoffrey Stephen Allfree', ArtUK |accessdate=2026-05-27 |archive-date=2024-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902215452/https://artuk.org/discover/artists/allfree-geoffrey-stephen-18891918 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] 926ju2osz3h6ra2bjs2ze373v9ovxiq 2 242220 1589960 1589068 2026-08-21T14:38:38Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1589960 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19).[8] In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.[9] In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").[10] [11] In Andrei Goesev se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer.[12][13][14] bhb3nkorbz0ehttkznny9ouscd320hs 1589962 1589960 2026-08-21T14:41:58Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1589962 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier. In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis"). In Andrei Goesev se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer. kh0ncd7rok4egupoyk697fa0nkea78z 1589965 1589962 2026-08-21T14:47:29Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1589965 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier. In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis"). In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer. ndforptm1lw3v4084jmxa09w5swqdhm 1589997 1589965 2026-08-21T17:16:46Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1589997 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref> In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis"). In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer. eabb2f8dw4hf7onvqkthd9yzcau91z6 1589998 1589997 2026-08-21T17:18:34Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1589998 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref> In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вып. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref> In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer. ovixvoie5iyepmfjenh1t80zaqk7o16 1590000 1589998 2026-08-21T17:20:32Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1590000 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref> In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вып. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref> In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Рецензия на повесть ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm}} — на сайте общественного фонда «Союз литераторов Москвы», 2020</ref><ref>[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]] [https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''], 2017. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28}}</ref><ref>[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]] [http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336}} — in Lady's Club, 2017</ref> eku8zvtkw0o9oj40gvrfxstm57m1a9p 1590002 1590000 2026-08-21T17:29:12Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1590002 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref> In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вы8п. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref> In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> * <ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Рецензия на повесть ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm}} — на сайте общественного фонда «Союз литераторов Москвы», 2020</ref><ref>[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]] [https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''], 2017. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28}}</ref><ref>[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]] [http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''«Консуммация в Момбасе»''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336}} — in Lady's Club, 2017</ref> 1al5sv9dx6tgmmu8wq1v9pvoaz3uqxi 1590004 1590002 2026-08-21T17:46:31Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1590004 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in Jules Verne se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref> In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вы8п. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref> In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer. i45z3iznrr4pra6657kfwoo99khrzbc 1590005 1590004 2026-08-21T17:47:55Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1590005 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in [[Jules Verne]] se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19). In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref> In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вы8п. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref> In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer. olz2upjdz5trbzg8ncsrxsjrh9mljnb 1590334 1590005 2026-08-22T10:52:34Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1590334 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == <br><br> <br> == In populêre kultuur == fc5cay3dug44bc30jljg2tg38g36dpw 0 242704 1590307 1582272 2026-08-22T09:53:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Kivuva''' ni jina la ukoo linalopatikana nchini [[Kenya]]. Watu maarufu wenye jina hili la ukoo ni pamoja na: * [[Jackson Kivuva]] (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1989) – mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki katika mbio za masafa ya kati * [[Martin Kivuva Musonde]] (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1952) – Askofu Mkuu wa Kanisa Katoliki nchini Kenya [[Jamii:Majina ya ukoo]] ckqbflxwvzf4lyxv8od8bz4gkrzspw1 0 242715 1590309 1582274 2026-08-22T09:54:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Mburu''' ni jina la ukoo lenye asili ya [[Kenya]]. Watu maarufu wenye jina hili la ukoo ni pamoja na: * [[Beth Mburu-Bowie]] (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1987) – [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Uingereza]] * [[Kenneth Mburu Mungara]] (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1973) – mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za marathoni, na bingwa mara nne wa mashindano ya Toronto Waterfront Marathon * [[Stanley Waithaka Mburu]] (aliyezaliwa mwaka 2000) – mwanariadha wa Kenya anayeshiriki mbio za masafa marefu [[Jamii:Majina ya ukoo]] gji390i0ggwf556urgkv6frcvesvtco 0 243721 1590310 1584679 2026-08-22T09:56:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bahaa El-Dine Rafic Al-Hariri''' (alizaliwa [[26 Aprili]] [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Lebanoni]] na [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mtoto mkubwa wa Waziri Mkuu wa zamani wa Lebanoni [[Rafic Hariri]], kutoka ndoa ya kwanza ya baba yake na Nida Bustani, raia wa [[Iraki]]. Pia ni kaka wa Waziri Mkuu wa zamani wa Lebanoni [[Saad Hariri]]. Tangu kuanza kwa maandamano nchini Lebanoni mnamo Oktoba [[2019]], Hariri amekuwa akiongea kwa sauti kuunga mkono waandamanaji, akizungumza dhidi ya rushwa katika mfumo wa kisiasa na kushindwa kwa serikali kusaidia wananchi. Alirithi utajiri wake kutoka kwa baba yake, ambaye alikuwa bilionea. Mnamo [[2008]], Bahaa aliuza hisa zake katika Saudi Oger, kampuni ya ujenzi ya familia, kwa kaka yake Saad Hariri. Alianzisha na ni mwenyekiti wa Horizon Group, kampuni ya mali zisizohamishika yenye uwekezaji huko [[Amman]], [[Yordani]] na [[Beirut]], Lebanoni.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2020|title=The Hariri Brothers & the Future of Lebanese Politics|url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/lebanon/the-hariri-brothers-the-future-of-lebanese-politics/|url-status=live|website=New Lines Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513131041/https://newlinesinstitute.org/lebanon/the-hariri-brothers-the-future-of-lebanese-politics/ |archive-date=13 May 2021 }}</ref> Kwa sasa ameorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 1834 kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea wakuu duniani, na utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.3.<ref name=rank>{{cite news|title=Bahaa Hariri|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/bahaa-hariri/|work=Forbes}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Lebanon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a50xfeue9pzq0ejsg0a5sbtvnb85orp 1590311 1590310 2026-08-22T09:57:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bahaa El-Dine Rafic Al-Hariri''' (alizaliwa [[26 Aprili]] [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Lebanoni]] na [[Saudia]]. Yeye ni mtoto mkubwa wa Waziri Mkuu wa zamani wa Lebanoni [[Rafic Hariri]], kutoka ndoa ya kwanza ya baba yake na Nida Bustani, raia wa [[Iraki]]. Pia ni ndugu wa Waziri Mkuu wa zamani wa Lebanoni [[Saad Hariri]]. Tangu kuanza kwa maandamano nchini Lebanoni mnamo Oktoba [[2019]], Hariri amekuwa akiongea kwa sauti kuunga mkono waandamanaji, akizungumza dhidi ya rushwa katika mfumo wa kisiasa na kushindwa kwa serikali kusaidia wananchi. Alirithi utajiri wake kutoka kwa baba yake, ambaye alikuwa bilionea. Mnamo [[2008]], Bahaa aliuza hisa zake katika Saudi Oger, kampuni ya ujenzi ya familia, kwa ndugu yake Saad Hariri. Alianzisha na ni mwenyekiti wa Horizon Group, kampuni ya mali zisizohamishika yenye uwekezaji huko [[Amman]], [[Yordani]], na [[Beirut]], Lebanoni.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 November 2020|title=The Hariri Brothers & the Future of Lebanese Politics|url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/lebanon/the-hariri-brothers-the-future-of-lebanese-politics/|url-status=live|website=New Lines Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513131041/https://newlinesinstitute.org/lebanon/the-hariri-brothers-the-future-of-lebanese-politics/ |archive-date=13 May 2021 }}</ref> Kwa sasa ameorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 1834 kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea wakuu duniani, na utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.3.<ref name=rank>{{cite news|title=Bahaa Hariri|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/bahaa-hariri/|work=Forbes}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Saudia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] obhhsc2julb093d7vz1ylr6ore3zk9d 0 244259 1589904 1586063 2026-08-21T12:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nolan Roux''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1988]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Roux pia aliwahi kuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] za taifa za vijana za Ufaransa, akiwemo [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa chini ya miaka 21. == Maisha ya Klabu == Roux alifunga mabao 15 katika mechi 34 akiwa na Brest katika Ligue 2 msimu wa [[2009]]–10. Katika msimu uliofuata, alifunga mabao 6 katika mechi 28 katika Ligue 1. Tarehe 21 Januari [[2012]], alijiunga na Lille, ambao walikuwa mabingwa watetezi, akitokea Brest kwa kusaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka minne na nusu. Mwaka [[2015]], Roux aliondoka Lille na kusaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu na klabu ya Saint-Étienne, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8893-roux-nolan/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204211815/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8893-roux-nolan/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101114050835/http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/roux-nolan</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ai0c9vlab58z7si02k6ks0qmwyl378g 1589993 1589904 2026-08-21T17:10:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nolan Roux''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1988]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Roux pia aliwahi kuwa mchezaji wa [[timu]] za taifa za vijana za Ufaransa, akiwemo [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa chini ya miaka 21. == Maisha ya Klabu == Roux alifunga mabao 15 katika mechi 34 akiwa na Brest katika Ligue 2 msimu wa [[2009]]–10. Katika msimu uliofuata, alifunga mabao 6 katika mechi 28 katika Ligue 1. Tarehe 21 Januari [[2012]], alijiunga na Lille, ambao walikuwa mabingwa watetezi, akitokea Brest kwa kusaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka minne na nusu. Mwaka [[2015]], Roux aliondoka Lille na kusaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu na klabu ya Saint-Étienne, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligue 1. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8893-roux-nolan/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204211815/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8893-roux-nolan/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101114050835/http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/roux-nolan</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} jp6pi3ad2uykis35itxsq71laixuzjz 0 244269 1590061 1586075 2026-08-21T20:49:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590061 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rémy Joseph Cabella''' (alizaliwa [[8 Machi]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye hucheza katika nafasi ya kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] kwa klabu ya Olympiacos, inayoshiriki Super League Greece. Cabella amewahi kuwa na vipindi viwili tofauti katika kila moja ya klabu za [[Montpellier]] na Saint-Étienne, na alishinda Ligue 1 akiwa na Montpellier msimu wa [[2011]]–12. Pia amewahi kuwakilisha Arles-Avignon, [[Marseille]] na Lille katika ligi kuu ya Ufaransa, akicheza jumla ya zaidi ya mechi 200 na kufunga zaidi ya mabao 50. Nje ya Ufaransa, alicheza Newcastle United katika Premier League ya [[Uingereza]] na Krasnodar katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Urusi]]. Cabella aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa mara nne mwaka [[2014]], na alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Ufaransa kilichoshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8519-cabella-remy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115000731/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8519-cabella-remy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/remy-cabella/124933</ref> == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Montpellier – Timu ya Vijana * Coupe Gambardella: 2008–09 Montpellier * Ligi Kuu ya Ufaransa (Ligue 1): [[2011]]–12 == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kdz7v9jf7zv2c2qr0tylfkirwgch172 1590125 1590061 2026-08-21T23:56:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rémy Joseph Cabella''' (alizaliwa [[8 Machi]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye hucheza katika nafasi ya kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] kwa klabu ya Olympiacos, inayoshiriki Super League Greece. Cabella amewahi kuwa na vipindi viwili tofauti katika kila moja ya klabu za [[Montpellier]] na Saint-Étienne, na alishinda Ligue 1 akiwa na Montpellier msimu wa [[2011]]–12. Pia amewahi kuwakilisha Arles-Avignon, [[Marseille]] na Lille katika ligi kuu ya Ufaransa, akicheza jumla ya zaidi ya mechi 200 na kufunga zaidi ya mabao 50. Nje ya Ufaransa, alicheza Newcastle United katika Premier League ya [[Uingereza]] na Krasnodar katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Urusi]]. Cabella aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa mara nne mwaka [[2014]], na alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Ufaransa kilichoshiriki [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8519-cabella-remy/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-08 |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115000731/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8519-cabella-remy/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/remy-cabella/124933</ref> == Tuzo na Mafanikio == Montpellier – Timu ya Vijana * Coupe Gambardella: 2008–09 Montpellier * Ligi Kuu ya Ufaransa (Ligue 1): [[2011]]–12 == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0wclsq7yean5mumrjyuwp4fy0lczb2k 0 244276 1589973 1586557 2026-08-21T15:28:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589973 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pavlos Giannakopoulos''' ([[Agosti 20]], [[1929]] – [[Juni 10]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ugiriki]], mmiliki na rais wa ''Panathinaikos B.C.'' na rais wa ''Panathinaikos AC''. Mnamo Desemba [[2020]], mwanawe Dimitris alianzisha ''Pavlos Giannakopoulos Foundations'' ambayo inalenga kusaidia na kukuza michezo, afya, elimu, utamaduni, ufahamu wa mazingira, na maendeleo endelevu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.multi-news.gr/|title=multi-news.gr|website=multi-news.gr|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vianex.gr/Default.aspx?ID=40|title=Vianex|website=vianex.gr|accessdate=2026-08-09|archive-date=2026-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260225225325/https://www.vianex.gr/Default.aspx?ID=40|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ugiriki]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ugiriki]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] 8h3wfj20x4o2ra2zbtzgqqzyfc2po6m 0 244300 1590120 1588914 2026-08-21T23:43:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu la Ufaransa''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Fédération Française de Football'', kifupi '''FFF''') ni chombo kinachosimamia mchezo wa [[mpira wa miguu]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] pamoja na maeneo yake ya ng'ambo ([[Guadeloupe]], [[Guyani ya Kifaransa]], [[Martinique]], [[Mayotte]], [[New Caledonia]], [[Tahiti]], [[Réunion]], na [[Saint Martin]]).<ref name="UEFA-Profile">{{cite web |title=French Football Federation |url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/fra/ |publisher=[[UEFA]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> Shirikisho hili lilianzishwa mnamo Aprili 7, 1919 kuchukua nafasi ya kamati ya awali ya ''Comité Français Interfédéral'' (CFI), na lina makao yake makuu katika mji mkuu wa [[Paris]].<ref name="FFF-Histoire">{{cite web |title=7 avril 1919 : la FFF née |url=https://www.fff.fr/article/2126-7-avril-1919-la-fff-nee.html |publisher=[[FFF]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026 |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ufaransa ilikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu Duniani ([[FIFA]]) mnamo 1904 (kupitia CFI) na baadaye Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu Ulaya ([[UEFA]]) mnamo 1954.<ref name="FIFA-France">{{cite web |title=France - Member Association |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/FRA |publisher=[[FIFA]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> FFF inawajibika kwa uendeshaji, maendeleo, na usimamizi wa mpira wa miguu nchini Ufaransa, ikijumuisha Timu ya Taifa ya Mpira wa Miguu ya Ufaransa (kwa wanaume na wanawake),<ref name="UEFA-Profile" /> mashindano ya kombe la taifa ([[Coupe de France]]),<ref name="FFF-Coupe">{{cite web |title=Coupe de France - Reglement |url=https://www.fff.fr/competition/engagement/393278-coupe-de-france/index.html |publisher=[[FFF]] |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> pamoja na ligi za mpira wa miguu za ngazi ya chini na vijana. Ligi kuu za kulipwa za wanaume (kama vile [[Ligue 1]] na [[Ligue 2]]) zinasimamiwa na Ligi ya Mpira wa Miguu ya Kulipwa ([[LFP]]), ambayo inafanya kazi chini ya idhini na usimamizi mkuu wa FFF.<ref name="LFP-FFF">{{cite web |title=LFP - Statuts et Reglements |url=https://www.lfp.fr/organisation/statuts |publisher=LFP |accessdate=9 Agosti 2026}}</ref> Miongoni mwa marais mashuhuri wa FFF ni [[Jules Rimet]], aliyekuwa rais wa kwanza wa shirikisho hilo kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1942, na baadaye akaja kuwa Rais wa tatu wa FIFA na mwanzilishi wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]].<ref name="FFF-Histoire" /> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{fr}} [https://www.fff.fr Tovuti rasmi ya FFF] {{Wayback|url=https://www.fff.fr/ |date=20260628135332 }} {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Vyama vya mpira wa miguu Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa miguu nchini Ufaransa]] 2zp9mx6o9o4tnh3ulcq7k5y9pz8mwwy 0 244302 1590340 1586137 2026-08-22T11:22:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Étienne René Capoue''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1988]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo mkabaji. Alianza maisha yake ya [[soka]] la kulipwa katika [[klabu]] ya [[Toulouse]], ambako alicheza jumla ya mechi 196 na kufunga mabao 13. Pia alichaguliwa katika Kikosi Bora cha Msimu cha UNFP Ligue 1 kwa msimu wa 2011–12. Kuanzia 2013 hadi [[2020]], alicheza katika Premier League ya [[Uingereza]] akiwa na Tottenham Hotspur na Watford. Akiwa na Watford, alifika fainali ya FA Cup mwaka 2019. Baadaye alijiunga na Villarreal ya [[Hispania]], na kushinda [[UEFA]] Europa League katika msimu wake wa kwanza na klabu hiyo. Katika fainali hiyo, Capoue alichaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Capoue alichezea timu za vijana za Ufaransa chini ya miaka 18, 19 na 21, na aliwahi kuwa [[nahodha]] wa timu ya chini ya miaka 21 kwa kipindi fulani. Aliichezea pia [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika ngazi ya wakubwa, akicheza mechi 7 kati ya 2012 na 2013 na kufunga goli moja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8568-capoue-etienne/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2025-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219154433/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8568-capoue-etienne/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/48292/Etienne_Capoue.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} nkj8o88nna8s0le4ytva7smrx23oaoj 0 244307 1589975 1588906 2026-08-21T15:46:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Peter Shalulile |picha = |caption = Peter Shalulile |jinakamili = Peter Shalulile |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1993|10|23|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Windhoek]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Namibia]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.74}} |nafasi = [[Mshambuliaji]] |klabuyasasa = [[Young Africans S.C.|Young Africans]] |nambayaklabu = 13 |miakayaujana = |Timuzaujana = |miakayaujana2 = |Timuzaujana2 = |miakayaujana3 = |Timuzaujana3 = |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 2011–2015 |clubs1 = Tura Magic |caps1 = |goals1 = |years2 = 2015–2020 |clubs2 = Highlands Park |caps2 = 120 |goals2 = 49 |years3 = 2020–2026 |clubs3 = [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] |caps3 = 134 |goals3 = 68 |years4 = 2026– |clubs4 = [[Young Africans S.C.|Young Africans]] |caps4 = |goals4 = |nationalyears1 = 2014– |nationalteam1 = Namibia |nationalcaps1 = 66 |nationalgoals1 = 20 |managementclubs = |years_active_clubs = |manager_clubs = |medaltemplates = |club-update = 8 Agosti 2026 |nationalteam-update = 8 Agosti 2026 }} '''Peter Shalulile''' (alizaliwa [[23 Oktoba]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Namibia]] ambaye anacheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya [[Young Africans S.C.]] na pia ni nahodha wa [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Namibia. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa washambuliaji bora zaidi kuwahi kucheza katika ligi kuu ya [[Afrika Kusini]]. == Maisha ya awali na klabu == === Tura Magic na Highlands Park === Shalulile ni zao la klabu ya Tura Magic FC nchini Namibia, klabu aliyojiunga nayo wakati ikishiriki ligi ya daraja la pili ya NFA Khomas na kuisaidia kupanda daraja katika msimu wa 2011–2012. Alipanda daraja kuanzia timu ya vijana ya chini ya umri wa miaka 20 hadi timu ya taifa ya wakubwa ya Namibia na kufunga mabao muhimu yaliyoisaidia kutwaa taji lake la kwanza kabisa la COSAFA Cup mnamo mwaka 2015. Baada ya kuonyesha kiwango kizuri kwenye mashindano hayo ya COSAFA Cup, alijiunga na klabu ya Highlands Park inayoshiriki ligi ya National First Division, na aliisaidia timu hiyo kupanda daraja kwa kufunga mabao mawili muhimu kwenye mchezo wa mchujo dhidi ya Mbombela katika Uwanja wa Makhulong mnamo [[Juni]] 2016. Katikatika ya msimu wa 2019–20, [[vyombo vya habari]] viliripoti kuwa Shalulile alikuwa akiwaniwa na klabu tatu kubwa zaidi za Afrika Kusini—[[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]], [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]], na Orlando Pirates—kutokana na uwezo wake mkubwa wa ufungaji. Alimaliza msimu huo akiwa mfungaji bora wa pamoja akilingana na Gabadinho Mhango wa Orlando Pirates. === Mamelodi Sundowns === Shalulile alipata usajili wa kujiunga na [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] mwishoni mwa msimu huo, ambapo alifunga mabao 4 katika mechi zake 7 za kwanza za ligi. Shalulile alikuwa mchezaji wa tatu kutoka Namibia kujiunga na Mamelodi Sundowns baada ya Ronnie 'The Magnet' Fillemon Kanalelo, aliyechezea Sundowns kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2005, pamoja na [[winga]] wa kushoto Mohale Naruseb.<ref>https://www.namibian.com.na/shalulile-coy-over-sundowns-interest/</ref> Mnamo 22 Aprili 2023, katika mchezo wa robo fainali ya [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Afrika|CAF Champions League]] dhidi ya CR Belouizdad, Shalulile alijiunga na orodha ya wachezaji mashuhuri walioweza kufikisha mabao 100 au zaidi katika ligi kuu ya Afrika Kusini, akijumuika na wachezaji kama Siyabonga Nomvethe, Collins Mbesuma, na mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa Masandawana, Daniel Mudau. === Young Africans S.C. === Mnamo [[Julai]] 2026, Shalulile alisaini mkataba wa kujiunga na klabu ya [[Young Africans S.C.|Young Africans]] kwa ada ya usajili ya [[dola]] 700,000 za Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mapoli |first=Seth |date=2026-07-27 |title=Peter Shalulile signs for Yanga on two year deal |url=https://panafricafootball.com/article/peter-shalulile-young-africans-new-signing |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=Pan Africa Football |language=en}}</ref> == Timu ya taifa == Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Shalulile amefunga mabao 20 akiwa na timu ya taifa ya wakubwa, bao lake la hivi karibuni likiwa kwenye mchezo wa kufuzu [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] dhidi ya timu ya taifa ya [[Sao Tome na Principe]] mnamo 9 Septemba 2025.<ref name="NFT profile">{{cite web |title=NFT profile |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/57203/Peter_Shalulile.html |website=National Football Teams |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wa kikosi cha Namibia cha vijana cha chini ya umri wa miaka 19 kilichoshinda kombe la Metropolitan U-19 Premier Cup nchini Afrika Kusini mnamo mwaka 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kuya |first1=Yanditswe |title=Amavubi U20 aracakirana na Namibia U20 |url=http://ruhagoyacu.com/rwanda-1/amavubi-u-17/Ingimbi/article/amavubi-u20-aracakirana-na-namibia-u20 |accessdate=4 September 2019 |publisher=Ruhago Yacu |date=5 May 2012 |language=sw}}</ref> == Tuzo na mafanikio == * South African Premiership: 2020–2021, 2021–2022, 2022–2023, 2023–2024, 2024–2025 * Nedbank Cup: 2022 * MTN 8: 2021 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa PSL (PSL Footballer of the Year): 2020–21 * Mfungaji Bora wa Ligi kuu (Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot): 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Dylan |date=2023-05-22 |title=Shalulile, Mayo shares Golden Boot award for 2022-23 |url=https://www.sportsclub.co.za/tournaments/psl/dstv-premiership/shalulile-mayo-shares-golden-boot-award-for-2022-23/ |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=SportsClub |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa PSL (PSL Footballer of the Season): 2021–22 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu Aliyechaguliwa na Wachezaji (PSL Players' Player of the Season): 2021–22 * Mfungaji Bora wa CAF Champions League: 2023 * Mfungaji Bora wa Muda Wote wa PSL: Mabao 130<ref>https://sundownsfc.co.za/peter-shalulile-breaks-psl-record-in-1-0-victory-against-stellenbosch/{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Namibia]] cuys2imybdp5w2mxehi3kffgnqy4cn9 0 244355 1589971 1586216 2026-08-21T15:10:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Raymond Jean Battiston''' (alizaliwa [[12 Machi]] [[1957]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya beki kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] mara tatu. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Ufaransa iliyoshinda UEFA Euro [[1984]]. Katika ngazi ya [[klabu]], Battiston alicheza kwa Metz, Saint-Étienne, Bordeaux na Monaco, na alifanikiwa kushinda mataji matano ya Ligue 1 pamoja na taji moja la Coupe de France. == Maisha ya Klabu == Battiston alizaliwa Amnéville, katika [[eneo]] la Moselle, Ufaransa. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika klabu ya madaraja ya chini Talange, ambako alicheza kuanzia [[1966]] hadi [[1973]]. Mwaka 1973, aligunduliwa na kusajiliwa na FC Metz, ambako alicheza kwa miaka saba hadi 1980. Baada ya hapo, alihamia Saint-Étienne mwaka 1980 na kukaa huko kwa miaka mitatu hadi 1983. Akiwa katika klabu hiyo, alisaidia Saint-Étienne kushinda taji la Division 1 la msimu wa 1980–81. Mwaka [[1983]], Battiston alihamia Bordeaux, ambako alicheza kuanzia 1983 hadi 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9812-battiston-patrick/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2022-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524084856/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9812-battiston-patrick/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150905232654/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=46312/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} gbygqqy0kohlbnkgbzpjz4dq87jgryz 1590001 1589971 2026-08-21T17:26:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Raymond Jean Battiston''' (alizaliwa [[12 Machi]] [[1957]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya beki kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] mara tatu. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Ufaransa iliyoshinda UEFA Euro [[1984]]. Katika ngazi ya [[klabu]], Battiston alicheza kwa Metz, Saint-Étienne, Bordeaux na Monaco, na alifanikiwa kushinda mataji matano ya Ligue 1 pamoja na taji moja la Coupe de France. == Maisha ya Klabu == Battiston alizaliwa Amnéville, katika [[eneo]] la Moselle, Ufaransa. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika klabu ya madaraja ya chini Talange, ambako alicheza kuanzia [[1966]] hadi [[1973]]. Mwaka 1973, aligunduliwa na kusajiliwa na FC Metz, ambako alicheza kwa miaka saba hadi 1980. Baada ya hapo, alihamia Saint-Étienne mwaka 1980 na kukaa huko kwa miaka mitatu hadi 1983. Akiwa katika klabu hiyo, alisaidia Saint-Étienne kushinda taji la Division 1 la msimu wa 1980–81. Mwaka [[1983]], Battiston alihamia Bordeaux, ambako alicheza kuanzia 1983 hadi 1987.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9812-battiston-patrick/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2022-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524084856/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9812-battiston-patrick/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150905232654/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=46312/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 2z4psr96nggy9vgrklm6v9wcnu5u47y 0 244376 1590218 1586249 2026-08-22T07:50:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Guérin''' (hutamkwa ; alizaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1965]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya kiungo wa kati. == Maisha na Kazi == Guérin alizaliwa huko Boulogne-Billancourt, Ufaransa. Alikuwa na maisha ya soka yaliyodumu kuanzia [[1984]] hadi [[2002]]. Katika kipindi hicho, aliwahi kuchezea klabu zifuatazo: * Stade Brestois 29 * Matra Racing * Montpellier Hérault * Paris Saint-Germain * Heart of Midlothian nchini [[Scotland]] * Red Star 93, ambayo ilikuwa klabu yake ya mwisho. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8592-guerin-vincent/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130133651/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8592-guerin-vincent/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe50129/vincent-guerin/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3o18lo5nfvx2yh91eu012nk56s8t0oq 1590331 1590218 2026-08-22T10:37:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Guérin''' (hutamkwa ; alizaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1965]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya kiungo wa kati. == Maisha na Kazi == Guérin alizaliwa huko Boulogne-Billancourt, Ufaransa. Alikuwa na maisha ya soka yaliyodumu kuanzia [[1984]] hadi [[2002]]. Katika kipindi hicho, aliwahi kuchezea klabu zifuatazo: * Stade Brestois 29 * Matra Racing * Montpellier Hérault * Paris Saint-Germain * Heart of Midlothian nchini [[Scotland]] * Red Star 93, ambayo ilikuwa klabu yake ya mwisho. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8592-guerin-vincent/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130133651/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8592-guerin-vincent/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe50129/vincent-guerin/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} fdamt6iopwn73y923nxfb4a5jrfe1mg 0 244405 1590141 1586289 2026-08-22T01:36:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stéphane Patrick Porato''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[1973]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya kipa. == Maisha ya Uchezaji == Nchini Ufaransa, Porato aliwahi kuichezea [[klabu]] za Sporting Toulon, AS Monaco, Olympique de Marseille, US Créteil-Lusitanos na AC Ajaccio. Katika klabu hizo, mara nyingi alikuwa kipa wa akiba, au alicheza katika daraja la pili. Akiwa na Olympique de Marseille, alicheza katika [[fainali]] ya [[UEFA]] Cup ya mwaka [[1999]]. Tarehe 13 Novemba 1999, Porato aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kwa mara yake pekee. Aliingia uwanjani katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya [[Croatia]] katika mechi ya kirafiki. Mwishoni mwa Oktoba [[2006]], baada ya kuhamia [[Hispania]] na kujiunga na Deportivo Alavés ya daraja la pili kufuatia kushuka kwa Ajaccio kutoka Ligue 1, Porato alifanya majaribio ya kucheza Chelsea. Alikuwa akifikiriwa kusajiliwa kama kipa wa tatu, kufuatia jeraha la muda mrefu la fuvu alilopata Petr Čech. Hata hivyo, hatimaye hakusajiliwa na [[Chelsea]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8579-porato-stephane/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226114917/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8579-porato-stephane/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/10439/Stephane_Porato.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 795aaynnkh6to1zcqc8gz27ix461gij 1590198 1590141 2026-08-22T06:45:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stéphane Patrick Porato''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[1973]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyecheza katika nafasi ya kipa. == Maisha ya Uchezaji == Nchini Ufaransa, Porato aliwahi kuichezea [[klabu]] za Sporting Toulon, AS Monaco, Olympique de Marseille, US Créteil-Lusitanos na AC Ajaccio. Katika klabu hizo, mara nyingi alikuwa kipa wa akiba, au alicheza katika daraja la pili. Akiwa na Olympique de Marseille, alicheza katika [[fainali]] ya [[UEFA]] Cup ya mwaka [[1999]]. Tarehe 13 Novemba 1999, Porato aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kwa mara yake pekee. Aliingia uwanjani katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya [[Croatia]] katika mechi ya kirafiki. Mwishoni mwa Oktoba [[2006]], baada ya kuhamia [[Hispania]] na kujiunga na Deportivo Alavés ya daraja la pili kufuatia kushuka kwa Ajaccio kutoka Ligue 1, Porato alifanya majaribio ya kucheza Chelsea. Alikuwa akifikiriwa kusajiliwa kama kipa wa tatu, kufuatia jeraha la muda mrefu la fuvu alilopata Petr Čech. Hata hivyo, hatimaye hakusajiliwa na [[Chelsea]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8579-porato-stephane/fiche.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226114917/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/8579-porato-stephane/fiche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/10439/Stephane_Porato.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 9tzhlxi2vh9jh4g73k52uby7rx5v2o2 0 244476 1590042 1587209 2026-08-21T20:13:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ronald Dean Coleman''' (alizaliwa 13 Mei 1964) ni mtunisha misuli wa zamani kutoka [[Marekani]] anayechukuliwa na wengi kama mmoja wa watunisha misuli bora zaidi wa muda wote.<ref>{{cite web |last=Robson |first=David |url=http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/interview-ronnie-coleman.htm |title=An Interview with the Greatest Professional Bodybuilder Of All Time |publisher=Bodybuilding.com |date=February 6, 2015 |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2018-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184430/https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/interview-ronnie-coleman.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anajulikana pia kama "'''The King'''",<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=McNulty |first1=Rose |date=November 5, 2018 |title=Ronnie Coleman's Documentary Is Now Available on Netflix |magazine=Muscle & Fitness}}</ref> Coleman anashikilia rekodi ya kushinda taji la [[Mr. Olympia]] mara nane (8) akishiriki rekodi hiyo na [[Lee Haney]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend |url=https://mrolympia.com/mr-olympia |work=Mr. Olympia |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519185237/https://mrolympia.com/mr-olympia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwa jumla ameshinda mataji 26 ya kulipwa ya [[IFBB]] na anajulikana kwa ukubwa wa misuli pamoja na mazoezi ya kunyanyua vyuma vizito sana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://fitnessvolt.com/strongest-bodybuilders/ |title=12 Strongest Bodybuilders Of All Time |website=Fitnessvolt.com}}</ref> Mwaka 2016, aliingizwa kwenye ukumbi wa watu mashuhuri wa michezo duniani ([[International Sports Hall of Fame]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 International Sports Hall of Fame Inductees |url=https://sportshof.org/2016-hall-of-fame/ |website=www.sportshof.org}}</ref> na mwaka 2021 alitunukiwa tuzo ya 'Arnold Classic Lifetime Achievement Award'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eight-Time Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman Receives Arnold Classic Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://barbend.com/ronnie-coleman-2021-arnold-classic-lifetime-achievement-award/ |website=www.barbend.com |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2024-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229051515/https://barbend.com/ronnie-coleman-2021-arnold-classic-lifetime-achievement-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>[[Picha:Ronnie Coleman talks about Mr Olympia Journey - Melbourne Australia 2009.OGG|right|Coleman mwaka 2009]] == Kazi ya utunishaji misuli == * 1990–1991: Alianza mazoezi katika jumba la Metroflex Gym chini ya Brian Dobson.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7L3KwUDjpQ |title=Ronnie Coleman Old Footage with Brian Dobson |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> Alishinda Mr. Texas (1990) na IFBB World Amateur Championships (1991). * 1992–1994: Miaka ya mwanzo ilikuwa na changamoto; alishika nafasi ya 16 katika Mr. Olympia yake ya kwanza (1992) na nafasi ya 15 mwaka 1994. * 1995–1997: Mwaka 1995 alishinda taji lake la kwanza la kitaalamu la Canada Pro Cup. Alipanda hadi nafasi ya 6 kwenye Mr. Olympia mwaka 1996 na nafasi ya 9 mwaka 1997.<ref name="comphistory">{{cite web |url=https://barbend.com/ronnie-coleman/ |title=Ronnie Coleman — Bodybuilding Career |publisher=www.barbend.com |accessdate=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2025-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013033725/https://barbend.com/Ronnie-Coleman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1964}} [[Jamii:Watunisha misuli wa Marekani]] pbbixsg5fm3zpaa12rfqs3o1tojxkcc 0 244511 1590064 1586493 2026-08-21T20:58:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabina Cameron''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]] ambaye alicheza nafasi ya Daktari Ley katika tamthilia ya televisheni ''Hollyoaks'', na aliigiza kama Tolu katika tamthilia ''Expensive Shit'' ya Adura Onashile. == Maisha ya awali == Cameron alisoma katika Shule ya [[Sanaa]] ya [[Elimu]] (ArtsEd), na alihitimu mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Our actors|url=https://www.liarsleague.com/liars_league/who-are-our-actors.html|work=Liars' League|accessdate=2026-08-10|archive-date=2025-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915021511/https://www.liarsleague.com/liars_league/who-are-our-actors.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Cast & Creative {{!}} Harry Potter London {{!}} Official Site|url=https://uk.harrypottertheplay.com/cast-creative/|work=https://uk.harrypottertheplay.com/|accessdate=2026-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Cameron alicheza nafasi ya [[Daktari]] Ley katika tamthilia ya Uingereza ''Hollyoaks''. Aliigiza kama Tolu katika tamthilia ''Expensive Shit'' ya Adura Onashile, ambako alisifiwa kwa uigizaji na uchezaji wake wa dansi. Pia alionekana katika toleo la London la tamthilia ''Harry Potter and the Cursed Child''. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] ki93sx3n6tlwm7r9aprvfjmxurtzoae 0 244523 1590055 1586624 2026-08-21T20:36:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rukiya Bernard''' ni mwigizaji, mtayarishaji na mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa [[filamu]] kama ''The Cabin in the Woods'' (2012), ''The Day the Earth Stood Still'' (2008), ''Stuck'' (2007), pamoja na nafasi yake kama Doc katika mfululizo wa Syfy wa ''Van Helsing''. == Maisha ya awali == Rukiya Bernard alizaliwa [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]],<ref name=west>{{cite web|last1=Furminger|first1=Sabrina|title=Rukiya Bernard muses on motherhood, self-doubt, and the trip that changed her career|url=http://www.westender.com/arts-culture/reel-people/rukiya-bernard-muses-on-motherhood-self-doubt-and-the-trip-that-changed-her-career-1.1593150|website=Westender|accessdate=7 February 2017}}</ref> akiwa mtoto wa Nyakiringa Magugu, mmiliki Mkenya wa duka la sanaa, na Gilbert Bernard, mmiliki wa kituo cha kuosha magari. Tangu akiwa na umri mdogo sana, wazazi wa Rukiya walimshirikisha katika shughuli za michezo na sanaa. Alishiriki katika mpira wa kikapu na riadha huku akisomea ballet ya kiasili, karate na piano. Alikubaliwa katika programu ya maigizo ya Ryerson University, ambapo alihitimu kwa heshima. == Kazi == Kazi ya kwanza ya Rukiya ilikuwa nafasi ya kusaidia kama Sophie Newman katika filamu iliyoshinda tuzo ya ''Our America'' iliyoongozwa na Ernest Dickerson, akiwa pamoja na Josh Charles, Irma P. Hall na Mykelti Williamson.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.purefandom.com/2016/08/09/van-helsing-podcast-rukiya-bernard/|title=Brad and Cort Talk: Rukiya Bernard drops in to talk vamps and an apocalyptic future in 'Van Helsing'|date=2016-08-09|website=Pure Fandom|access-date=2017-01-17|archive-date=2016-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112041819/http://www.purefandom.com/2016/08/09/van-helsing-podcast-rukiya-bernard/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 42vchq545t11xkqvu0tl0k5amkf9jp3 0 244582 1589974 1586696 2026-08-21T15:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pegah Ghafoori''' (amezaliwa [[18 Aprili]], [[1999]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Iran]] - [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Fatima Hassan katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa MGM+ wa hadithi za kisayansi na kutisha ''From (TV series)''. Pia ameonekana katika [[filamu]] kama ''Hello Au Revoir'' na ''One Must Wash Eyes''. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Ghafoori alizaliwa tarehe 18 Aprili 1999 huko [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2026-06-16 |title=Who Is Pegah Ghafoori? Facts About the Iranian-Canadian Actress |url=https://truetimes.co.uk/pegah-ghafoori/ |access-date=2026-07-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Baadaye alihamia [[Toronto]], Kanada pamoja na familia yake mwaka 2009. Alihudhuria shule ya sekondari katika Claude Watson School for the Arts, ambako alisomea sanaa za maonyesho.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kecskes |first=Alex |date=June 4, 2023 |title=Pegha Ghafoori |url=https://acedmagazine.com/pegah-ghafoori/ |website=Aced Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Pegah Ghafoori {{!}} TVmaze |url=https://www.tvmaze.com/people/339711/pegah-ghafoori |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=www.tvmaze.com}}</ref> Mwaka 2020, Ghafoori alihitimu kwa heshima kutoka Humber College, ambako alisomea Mawasiliano ya Dharura na Utumaji wa Huduma za Dharura.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2020 |title=Graduation Celebration 2020 |url=https://humber.ca/convocation/assets/files/graduation/HumberGradBook2020-Dec15.pdf |website=Humber College}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Pegah Ghafoori |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7921131/bio/?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm |website=IMDB}}</ref> == Kazi == === Kazi za awali === Ghafoori alianza kazi yake katika filamu mwaka 2018 kwa nafasi yake katika filamu fupi ''Brave Kids Run.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 29, 2026 |title=FROM Star Pegah Ghafoori on Fatima's Transformation, Fan Theories & What's Next |url=https://www.scifivision.org/interviews/7453-from-star-pegah-ghafoori-on-fatima-s-transformation-fan-theories-what-s-next |access-date=July 21, 2026 |website=SciFi Vision }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7nzwq9qwsx3j7kpkm6r83w3a83l0lx8 0 244732 1590050 1587013 2026-08-21T20:27:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590050 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rustam Tariko (2015-02-06) 04.jpg|thumb|Tariko katika mkutano na Rais wa Jamhuri ya [[Tatarstan]], Rustam Minnikhanov, tarehe [[6 Februari]] [[2015]].]] '''Roustam Tariko''' (Kirusi: Рустам Тарико; alizaliwa [[17 Machi]] [[1962]]) ni mwanzilishi wa Russian Standard Vodka. Pia alianzisha Russian Standard Bank, kampuni ya kadi ya mkopo na bima ya maisha nchini [[Urusi]]. Mwaka 2009, utajiri wa Tariko ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.1<ref name=interview>[http://www.russianstandardbank.com/doc/theSundayTimes_bankingOnAVodka.pdf Banking on a vodka empire. Interview:Roustam Tariko] {{Wayback|url=http://www.russianstandardbank.com/doc/theSundayTimes_bankingOnAVodka.pdf |date=20120304092847 }} The Sunday Times</ref>. Katika orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya "Watu Tajiri Zaidi Duniani" ya 2009, Tariko aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 647 akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.1<ref>{{cite web|title=Russian Standard unveils new $60 million distillery in St. Petersburg, Russia|url=http://russianstandard.com/news/russian-standard-unveils-new-60-million-distillery-in-st-petersburg-russia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/10/billionaires-2009-richest-people_Roustam-Tariko_JAHI.html | work=Forbes | title=#647 Roustam Tariko – The World's Billionaires 2009 | date=March 11, 2009}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p2inojszmyaxr512ze6gew1348wfx1l 0 244967 1590179 1587928 2026-08-22T04:32:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Tropenbos RDC.png|thumb|300 px|Nembo ya Tropenbos DRC.]] '''Tropenbos DRC''' ni shirika lisilo la kiserikali la [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] linalofanya kazi katika sekta ya mazingira na mwanachama wa mtandao wa kimataifa wa Tropenbos<ref>''Our impact'', https://www.tropenbos.org, 2025, consulté le 12 aout 2026</ref>. Lina uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 15 katika nyanja mbalimbali kuanzia utawala na huduma za afya hadi kilimo, ulinzi wa mazingira, udijitali, ajira, amani na usalama, na uhifadhi na usimamizi endelevu wa misitu ili kuboresha hali ya maisha ya watu katika Mkoa wa Tshopo, Mongala na Ituri nchini DRC<ref name="Wineur 1">''A propos'', https://www.tropenbosrdc.org/fr/a-propos/, 2025, Consulté le 12 aout 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref>'''Charles Mpoyi''', ''Ten Years of Impact: Tropenbos DR Congo as a Driver of Inclusive Forest Governance'', https://www.tropenbosrdc.org/news/ten-years-of-impact-tropenbos-dr-congo-as-a-driver-of-inclusive-forest-governance/, 2025, |consulté le=12 aout 2026</ref>. Lengo kuu ni kukuza matumizi ya taarifa za kuaminika na za kutosha, ili kuwawezesha washirika wa misitu kuunda na kutekeleza sera zinazofaa za kusimamia misitu kwa njia endelevu, zikihudumia maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi na uhifadhi wa mifumo ikolojia <ref name="Wineur 1"/>. Dhamira ni kuboresha utawala na usimamizi wa misitu ya kitropiki kwa manufaa ya watu, bioanuwai na maendeleo endelevu<ref>''Joinforwater'', ''Our impact'', https://joinforwater.ngo/fr/partners/tropenbos-rdc/, 2017, consulté le 12 aout 2026</ref>. Tunahakikisha kwamba maarifa na ushahidi vinatumika vyema katika utungaji sera na usimamizi wa misitu ili kukuza uhifadhi na mchango wao kwa maendeleo endelevu<ref name="Wineur 1" />. ==Historia== Kimataifa, Tropenbos iliundwa mwaka wa 1986 na wanafunzi wa Uholanzi ambao walikuwa na wasiwasi mkubwa kuhusu ukataji miti na uharibifu wa misitu ya mvua ya kitropiki<ref name="tropenbosrdc by ALM">'''Tropenbos''', ''Tropenbos : "Mettre le savoir au service de l’homme et des forêts"'', https://www.tropenbosrdc.org/fr/a-propos, 2025, consulté le 12 août 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="tropenbosrdc by LOULA">'''Tropenbos''', ''Tropenbos RDC : "La visite du Conseiller politique de l’Ambassade des Pays-Bas renforce l’engagement communautaire pour la protection de la biodiversité"'', https://www.tropenbosrdc.org/fr/, 18 novembre 2025 consulté le 12 août 2026</ref>. Imeanzishwa katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kong]] tangu 2010, na mnamo 2017 ikawa chombo huru chini ya sheria ya Kongo, ikifuatilia lengo la kukuza matumizi ya taarifa za kuaminika na muhimu ili kuwawezesha wadau katika sekta ya misitu kukuza na kutekeleza sera zinazofaa kwa ajili ya usimamizi endelevu wa misitu, huku ikihakikisha matumizi bora ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi na uhifadhi wa mifumo ikolojia ya kimataifa<ref name="tropenbosrdc by ALM" />{{,}}<ref name="tropenbosrdc by AdamLynnMcGill007">'''Tropenbos''', ''Tropenbos : "Projects"'', https://www.tropenbosrdc.org/projects/?language=fr, consulté le 12 août 2026</ref>. ==Matarajio ya Baadaye== Inatafuta kunufaika na programu mbalimbali za usaidizi zinazohusiana na ulinzi na uhifadhi wa maliasili, ikiwa ni pamoja na maji na misitu, na kupambana na kutokujali kwa uhalifu wa mazingira, na hivyo kuwezesha ukuzaji wa ujuzi kwa wawezeshaji.<ref name="tropenbosrdc by AdamLynnMcGill007" />{{,}}<ref name="tropenbosrdc by AdamLynnMcGill007 Adam NTUMBA MBAYI">'''Redaction''', Jean-Claude FUNDI ASSUMANI, 30 octobre 2025, ''Tropenbos RDC en mission de terrain : "cap sur la durabilité et l'appropriation locale des écosystèmes forestiers"'', https://www.boyomainfo.com/tropenbos-rdc-en-mission-de-terrain-cap-sur-la-durabilite-et-lappropriation-locale-des-ecosystemes-forestiers/, www.boyomainfo.com, année=2025, consulté le 12 août 2026</ref>. ==Mandhari== * Utawala wa Misitu * Misitu ya Jamii * Maisha * Kilimo Misitu * Jumuiya Uhifadhi * Jinsia na Ushirikishwaji wa Jamii * Hali ya Hewa na NDC == Tanbihi == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.tropenbos.org/ Tropenbos RDC] * [https://joinforwater.ngo/fr/partners/tropenbos-rdc/| joinforwater]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Jamii:mashirika ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] l78qugwqn6eacc1qcbq6crp32u9kdmz 0 244986 1590319 1587585 2026-08-22T10:12:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yeisy Soto''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 7 Aprili 1996) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa wavu wa [[Kolombia]]. Yeye ni sehemu ya [[timu]] ya taifa ya wanawake ya Kolombia ya mpira wa wavu. Katika ngazi ya vilabu, alichezea Liga Bolivarense mwaka 2015. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Team Roster - FIVB World Grand Prix 2015|url=http://worldgrandprix.2015.fivb.com/en/preliminary-round-group3/competition/teams/col-colombia/team_roster|work=worldgrandprix.2015.fivb.com|accessdate=2026-08-13|language=en|archive-date=2018-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624093239/http://worldgrandprix.2015.fivb.com/en/preliminary-round-group3/competition/teams/col-colombia/team_roster|url-status=dead}}</ref>Kwa sasa anacheza katika [[ligi]] ya kitaifa ya [[Ujerumani]] akiwa na Rote Raben Vilsbiburg. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa mkono]] irhqw2r7daljcbbtkdozo8wt0iko60n 0 245434 1590079 1588408 2026-08-21T21:51:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Spaulding Hughes''' ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la North Carolina. Aliwakilisha Wilaya ya 18, inayojumuisha kaunti za New Hanover na Pender, baada ya kuteuliwa mwezi Aprili 2008 kuchukua nafasi ya Thomas E. Wright, ambaye alikuwa amefukuzwa kutoka katika baraza hilo. Hughes alichaguliwa kwa muhula kamili mwaka 2008, lakini aliamua kutogombea muhula mwingine mwaka 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Project Vote Smart - Sandra Spaulding Hughes - Biography|url=http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=103023|work=www.votesmart.org|accessdate=2026-08-16|author=Project Vote Smart|archive-date=2011-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520180503/http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=103023|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] ko3odmo3k0pz97ioftr4j9od39lu4jo 3 245774 1590257 1589879 2026-08-22T09:14:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590257 wikitext text/x-wiki jucx Daniex is a Ugandan Rnb and dance hall artist. Born on 3 April 2003. School attended seguku primary school and Global Harvest secondary school. He began writing and recording Rnb music right after s.5 first song: Released his debut track party party in 2016 and crush, baby onyirira and kasima in 2026 Artist Background and MusicBorn into a humble family, he overcame early life challenges to pursue his passion for music.His popular tracks include "Kasima," "Crush," "Be with you," "Fear," "But one," and "Wansula Mu Love". His emotional song "Crush" gained attention for its deep, personal storytelling themes. He has made media appearances and promotional rounds on regional television and radio stations like Galaxy TV, Bukedde TV, and Magic FM. You can listen to his catalog on platforms like Howwe Music and SoundCloud.Watch this short review and reaction to get a sense of the emotion in Jucx Daniex's music. [[User:Jucx Daniex Music|Jucx Daniex Music]] ([[User talk:Jucx Daniex Music#top|talk]]) 09:56, 21 August 2026 (UTC) bum8sv4911t2h0vxux2vrmuqg7w33g9 1590258 1590257 2026-08-22T09:14:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Maandishi yaliyokuwepo yalichukuliwa nafasi na '{{karibu}}' 1590258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} mipxe3tbf7ib8fwddbzix1vtuq03i62 0 245851 1590136 1589098 2026-08-22T00:57:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophie Desmarais''' (amezaliwa [[24 Julai]], [[1986]] huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika filamu ya mwaka 2013 ''Sarah Prefers to Run (Sarah préfère la course)'', iliyoandikwa na kuongozwa na Chloé Robichaud. ==Kazi== Desmarais alianza kazi yake kwa kuigiza katika nafasi ndogo katika filamu ya John Duigan ''Head in the Clouds'' mwaka 2004.<ref name=kelly>Brendan Kelly, [http://www.montrealgazette.com/entertainment/movie-guide/review+fait/10234904/story.html "Review: Qu’est-ce qu’on fait ici?"]. ''[[Montreal Gazette]]'', September 25, 2014.</ref><ref>http://www.filmschoolrejects.com/tag/sarah-prefere-la-course {{Wayback|url=http://www.filmschoolrejects.com/tag/sarah-prefere-la-course |date=20160304054639 }} Cannes 2013 Review: ‘Sarah Prefers to Run’ Cannes Film Festival By Shaun Munro on 22 May 2013</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ry2qcc97p9o7rvx36osp7fohbb2zcie 0 245998 1589986 1589426 2026-08-21T16:50:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priscilla Jane Thompson''' (1871–1942) alikuwa [[mshairi]] na msomaji wa hadhara wa Marekani. Amejumuishwa mara nyingi katika diwani mbalimbali za mashairi kama mfano wa mashairi ya awali ya Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika. == Maisha == Priscilla Jane Thompson alizaliwa mwaka 1871 huko Rossmoyne, Ohio. Alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wanne wa John Henry Thompson na Clara Jane Gray, ambao wote walikuwa watumwa zamani kutoka Virginia. Alitoka katika familia yenye vipaji vya kisanaa. Ndugu zake Clara Ann Thompson na Aaron Belford Thompson pia walikuwa washairi, huku [[kaka]] yake Garland Yancey Thompson akiwa mchongaji wa [[sanamu]]. Afya yake dhaifu ilimzuia kuwa mwalimu wa shule, lakini aliendelea kuandika, kutoa mihadhara na kufundisha shule ya Jumapili. Hakuwahi kuolewa na aliishi maisha yake yote huko Rossmoyne pamoja na Clara na Garland.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |title=Thompson, Priscilla Jane (1871-1942), poet and lecturer |url=https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1602883 |journal=American National Biography |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1602883 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117213410/https://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1602883 |archive-date=2022-11-17 |access-date=2026-08-19 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XP48QWTmjyUC|title=Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance|last=Aberjhani|last2=West|first2=Sandra L.|date=2003|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-3017-0|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1871]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] 5mvt5vbvl354kw9t2d3yoenkhejtuha 0 246016 1590035 1589485 2026-08-21T19:41:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590035 wikitext text/x-wiki Rita Dolores Walters (née White; 14 Agosti 1930 – 17 Februari 2020)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rita Walters, a fierce advocate for equality and trailblazing elected official, dies at 89|url=https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2020-02-20/obit-rita-walters|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2020-02-21|accessdate=2026-08-20|language=en-US|author=X, Email}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Walters aliwahi kuhudumu katika Bodi ya Makamishna wa [[Maktaba]] ya Maktaba ya Umma ya Los Angeles. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Jiji la Los Angeles, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 9 kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 2001. Katika kipindi hicho, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya [[Sanaa]], Afya na Masuala ya Kibinadamu, ambapo alisimamia na kupitia masuala yaliyohusu Idara ya Maktaba. Pia alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwamerika mwenye asili ya Afrika kuchaguliwa katika Baraza la Jiji la Los Angeles. Kabla ya kuwa mjumbe wa baraza la [[jiji]], Walters alikuwa mjumbe wa Bodi ya Elimu ya Wilaya ya Shule za Los Angeles kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1991. Aidha, aliwahi kufanya kazi kama mwalimu katika kitengo cha elimu ya watu wazima cha Wilaya ya Shule za Los Angeles kwa miaka minne.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Los Angeles Public Library {{!}} About LAPL {{!}} Commissioners|url=http://www.lapl.org/about/blc_comm_rw.html|work=www.lapl.org|accessdate=2026-08-20|archive-date=2012-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604132700/http://www.lapl.org/about/blc_comm_rw.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] p6evlsgd27rueqmorj2sfknncvf4ofg 0 246024 1589984 1589484 2026-08-21T16:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priscilla Bowman''' (aliyezaliwa Priscilla I. Mills, 30 Mei 1928 – 24 Julai 1988) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa Marekani wa jazi na rhythm and blues. Alipata [[wimbo]] ulioshika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye chati ya R&B ya jarida la ''Billboard'' mwaka 1955 kupitia wimbo "Hands Off". Pia alikuwa mwimbaji mkuu wa bendi ya Jay McShann. == Wasifu == Priscilla Bowman alikuwa binti wa Ethel na Solomon Mills. Alizaliwa huko Kansas City, Kansas, na aliwahi kuitwa "mama wa kwanza wa rock 'n' roll" wa jiji hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Vee-Jay|url=https://campber.people.clemson.edu/veejay.html|work=campber.people.clemson.edu|accessdate=2026-08-20}}</ref> Miongoni mwa waimbaji waliomshawishi walikuwa Ruth Brown na Annie Laurie. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1950]], alijiunga na [[bendi]] ya Jay McShann.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Untitled Document|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~v1tiger/pbowman.html|work=home.earthlink.net|accessdate=2026-08-20|archive-date=2013-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202652/http://home.earthlink.net/~v1tiger/pbowman.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 1955, bendi hiyo ilisaini mkataba na Vee-Jay Records, na Bowman akarekodi vipindi viwili vya muziki pamoja nao. Mojawapo ya nyimbo hizo, "Hands Off", ikawa maarufu sana na kukaa katika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye chati ya R&B kwa muda wa wiki tatu mwezi Desemba 1955. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] pa1ip7em5ybrg5e4i9cqavb1r426z1i 0 246031 1590135 1589493 2026-08-22T00:51:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sofiane Younès''' (kwa Kikabyle: Sufyan Yunes; alizaliwa 25 Novemba 1982) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa [[Algeria]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama winga katika Ligi Kuu ya Kitaaluma ya Algeria. == Kazi ya klabu == Tarehe 23 Julai 2010, Younès alisaini mkataba wa mwaka mmoja na JS Kabylie.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JSK : Il a signé hier pour une année : Younès officiellement canari :. Le Buteur|url=http://www.lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-il-a-signe-hier-pour-une-annee-younes-officiellement-canari|work=www.lebuteur.com|accessdate=2026-08-20|author=Kreo|archive-date=2010-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830080646/http://www.lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-il-a-signe-hier-pour-une-annee-younes-officiellement-canari|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Heshima == * Alishinda [[Kombe]] la Algeria mara tatu: ** Mara mbili akiwa na MC Alger mwaka 2006 na 2007. ** Mara moja akiwa na JS Kabylie mwaka 2011. * Alishinda Super Cup ya Algeria mara mbili akiwa na MC Alger mwaka 2006 na 2007. * Ana mechi 2 za kuitumikia Timu ya Taifa ya Algeria. * Alishinda Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF akiwa na ES Sétif mwaka 2014. * Alishinda Super Cup ya CAF akiwa na ES Sétif mwaka 2015. * Alishinda [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Kitaaluma ya Algeria akiwa na ES Sétif mwaka 2015. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kdudio31scqa5davcpe4gklpuwtm4sm 0 246033 1590129 1589491 2026-08-22T00:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1590129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sid Ali «Alilou» Yahia-Chérif''' (alizaliwa 4 Januari 1985) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Algeria]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Akikulia jijini Algiers, Yahia-Chérif alianza kucheza mpira mitaani na katika [[mashindano]] ya mitaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Reportage : Découverte de Sid Ali YAHIA CHERIF<br>(Les nouvelles ambitions du RC Kouba)|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/article-1059.php|work=www.dzfoot.com|accessdate=2026-08-20}}</ref> Kwa muda mfupi alichezea klabu mbili za eneo hilo, ES Kouba na ES Ben Aknoun. Mwaka 2003, akiwa na umri wa miaka 18, alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya RC Kouba. Alifanya vizuri haraka katika [[klabu]] hiyo na miaka miwili baadaye alipandishwa katika timu ya wakubwa. Katika msimu wa 2007–2008, Yahia-Chérif aliisaidia RC Kouba kupanda hadi ligi kuu. Hata hivyo, klabu hiyo ilishuka daraja msimu uliofuata, na Yahia-Chérif akaondoka mwishoni mwa msimu wa 2008–2009. === JS Kabylie === Katika majira ya kiangazi ya 2009, Yahia-Chérif alihusishwa na uhamisho kwenda klabu kadhaa za Ufaransa, zikiwemo AS Monaco, FC Metz, FC Istres na Stade Reims. Hata hivyo, aliamua kubaki karibu na nyumbani na kusaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu na JS Kabylie.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=CLUB : M|url=http://www.lnf.org.dz/d1/jsk.htm|work=www.lnf.org.dz|accessdate=2026-08-20|archive-date=2008-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227042723/http://www.lnf.org.dz/d1/jsk.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika msimu wake wa kwanza na klabu hiyo, alicheza mechi 31 za ligi na kufunga mabao 10, huku JS Kabylie ikimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu katika ligi ya ndani. Pia alichangia katika [[safari]] ya timu hiyo hadi nusu fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF ya 2010. Katika raundi ya kwanza ya mashindano hayo, alifunga bao pekee katika mchezo wa marudiano dhidi ya klabu ya Tunisia Club Africain, ambapo JS Kabylie ilishinda 1–0 na kusonga mbele kwa jumla ya mabao 2–1. Katika msimu wake wa pili, alicheza mechi 10 tu za ligi na hakufunga bao. Hata hivyo, tarehe 1 Mei 2011, alianza katika fainali ya Kombe la Algeria 2011, ambapo JS Kabylie iliifunga USM El Harrach kwa bao 1–0 na kushinda Kombe la Algeria kwa mara ya kwanza tangu mwaka 1994. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mtm8000cicwtafeit9dr7jmkavd4sjp 0 246107 1590229 1589711 2026-08-22T08:55:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Rossignol''' ([[4 Februari]] [[1940]] – [[18 Mei]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu wa [[Kanada]]. Alionekana katika filamu kumi na tano kati ya mwaka 1956 na 2010. Aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka 1991 na kuwa Knight wa National Order of Quebec mwaka 2001.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=1424|title=National Order of Quebec citation|language=French}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1940|2020}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9m9hfoazn1fkeyswqu1jxar48dlaolb 0 246110 1590230 1589659 2026-08-22T08:56:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutsumi Takahashi''' ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Japani]] - [[Kanada]]. Tangu mwaka 1986, amekuwa mmoja wa watangazaji wakuu wa habari wa CFCF-DT huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref name="MUHC">{{cite web |url=http://muhc.ca/best-care/page/team |title=Co-chair, The Best Care for Life Campaign, public phase: Mutsumi Takahashi |work=Team |publisher=[[McGill University Health Centre]] |accessdate=March 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028112022/https://muhc.ca/best-care/page/team|archive-date=October 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="montrealer081101">{{Cite magazine |url=https://themontrealeronline.com/2008/11/mitsumi-takahashi-cfcf-news/ |title=Mitsumi [sic] Takahashi of CFCF News |magazine=[[The Montrealer]] |date=November 1, 2008}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Japani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Japani]] 1boovv3fs1j25k85f5g01lkywnyxsh7 0 246115 1590231 1589679 2026-08-22T08:57:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1590231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lori lenye sehemu ya mizigo iliyofungwa''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''panel truck'') ni aina ya lori dogo la kusafirisha mizigo lenye sehemu ya nyuma iliyofungwa kabisa. Pia linaweza kuitwa ''panel delivery'' au [[van]] iliyotengenezwa kwa msingi wa [[pickup]]. Kwa kawaida, aina hii ya gari huwa na sehemu ya nyuma yenye urefu mkubwa na nafasi ya kubebea mizigo iliyofungwa, bila madirisha kwenye sehemu za pembeni au nyuma za eneo la mizigo. Muundo huu husaidia kulinda mizigo dhidi ya hali ya hewa na pia huifanya sehemu ya mizigo kuwa salama zaidi. Neno ''panel truck'' lilianza kutumika mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1910. Magari haya yaliuzwa na kutumiwa kwa shughuli mbalimbali za kibiashara, zikiwemo kazi za makandarasi, usafirishaji wa bidhaa na huduma za utoaji wa mizigo. Kwa kawaida, lori lenye sehemu ya mizigo iliyofungwa linaweza kuelezewa kama [[van]] ndogo iliyojengwa kwa kutumia [[chassis]] ya lori au [[pickup]]. Nchini Uingereza, gari la aina hii kwa kawaida huitwa '''delivery van''', yaani gari la kusafirisha na kusambaza mizigo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Malori]] 9zcz2mhu1543tbrluwneey3a1qu2ck9 0 246118 1590232 1589683 2026-08-22T08:58:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Microvan''' ni aina ya [[minivan]] au [[van]] ndogo sana ambayo kwa kawaida huingia katika kundi la magari madogo ya Japani linalojulikana kama ''kei car'', au makundi mengine yanayofanana na hilo. Microvan ni ndogo kuliko [[mini MPV]] na hutengenezwa kwa kuzingatia matumizi katika barabara nyembamba na maeneo yenye nafasi ndogo, hasa mijini. Magari haya kwa kawaida huwa na umbo linalotumia nafasi kwa ufanisi, hivyo yanaweza kubeba abiria au mizigo licha ya kuwa na vipimo vidogo. Kutokana na ukubwa wake, microvan hufaa kwa matumizi katika maeneo yenye msongamano wa magari na barabara nyembamba. Mfano wa microvan ni [[Subaru Sambar]], ambayo imewahi kutengenezwa ikiwa na muundo wa sehemu moja inayounganisha eneo la abiria na sehemu kuu ya gari. Baadhi ya matoleo yake yalikuwa na uwezo wa kubeba abiria wanne na yalitumia injini ya silinda mbili yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 544, iliyowekwa upande wa nyuma wa gari. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari]] 6pawpbwfb05h62qx8y8nfa8ctrp6732 0 246120 1590233 1589687 2026-08-22T08:58:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1590233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Autozam Scrum''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Mazda Scrum''', ni [[microvan]] na [[lori la kei]] zenye muundo wa kabini iliyowekwa mbele ya injini. Gari hili linauzwa nchini Japani pekee na [[Mazda]]. Hapo awali lilikuwa sehemu ya chapa ya [[Autozam]], na lilizinduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwezi Juni 1989. Mazda bado inaendelea kuuza Scrum kwa jina lake yenyewe. Scrum ni toleo la [[Suzuki Carry]] na [[Suzuki Every]] linalouzwa kwa chapa tofauti, na hutumia injini zinazotengenezwa na Suzuki. Miundo ya kwanza ilikuwa na injini ya Suzuki F5B yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 550. Injini hiyo ilizalisha nguvu ya PS 34 (25 kW), huku toleo lenye turbo na intercooler likizalisha PS 52 (38 kW). Baada ya miezi tisa tu, modeli hiyo ilibadilishwa na mfululizo wa '''DG/DH51''', uliokuwa na injini kubwa zaidi yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 660. Mabadiliko hayo yalifanyika kutokana na kubadilishwa kwa viwango vya magari ya ''kei car'' nchini Japani. Matoleo mapya yalikuwa na nguvu ya PS 38 (28 kW), huku yale yenye turbo yakizalisha PS 58 (43 kW). Mwaka 2000, toleo la kubeba abiria lililoitwa '''Scrum Wagon''' lilianzishwa. Wakati huohuo, matoleo ya lori na [[van]] yaliyotengenezwa kwa matumizi ya kibiashara yalifanyiwa maboresho. Mazda Scrum hutumia injini ya silinda tatu yenye ujazo wa sentimita za ujazo 660, inayopatikana katika matoleo mbalimbali, yakiwemo yale yenye turbo. Gari hili hupatikana katika mfumo wa uendeshaji wa magurudumu mawili au uendeshaji wa magurudumu yote manne. Katika baadhi ya matoleo ya 4WD, dereva anaweza kubadilisha mfumo wa uendeshaji kati ya 2WD na 4WD kulingana na mazingira ya barabara. Pia, mfumo huo una gia za kawaida na gia za mwendo wa chini kwa matumizi katika maeneo yenye changamoto. Jina '''Scrum''' limetokana na neno linalotumika katika mchezo wa [[rugby]], likimaanisha aina ya mpangilio wa wachezaji wakati wa mchezo. Jina hilo lilichaguliwa kuwakilisha uimara na nguvu ya gari. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari]] lak9jo2yx39cg9mmm8q37jqxsqjcz7l 0 246122 1590234 1589689 2026-08-22T08:58:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BYD Racco''' (Kijapani: BYDラッコ, *BYD Rakko*; maana yake '''otter wa baharini''') ni [[gari la umeme]] la aina ya [[kei car]] linalotumia betri pekee. Linatengenezwa na [[BYD Auto]] kwa ajili ya soko la Japani na lilianza kutengenezwa nchini China kwa ajili ya kusafirishwa kwenda Japani mwaka 2026. Racco ni jaribio la BYD kuingia katika soko la magari ya aina ya ''kei car'' nchini Japani. Pia ni miongoni mwa magari ya kwanza ya aina hii kutengenezwa na kampuni isiyo ya Kijapani mahsusi kwa kuzingatia viwango vya ''kei car''. Gari hilo lilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Japan Mobility Show]] ya mwaka 2025. Muundo wake una paa refu na milango ya kuteleza, ukiwa na mpangilio unaofanana na magari mengine ya aina hiyo kama [[Honda N-Box]], [[Daihatsu Tanto]] na [[Nissan Roox]]. Kwa kuwa ni gari la umeme, BYD Racco linashindana katika soko la magari ya umeme ya aina ya ''kei car'' pamoja na [[Honda N-One e]], [[Mitsubishi eK X EV]] na [[Nissan Sakura]]. [[Jamii:Magari]] ivbqsu10k9c0d27mjdc1d3q9aqk1uln 0 246123 1590235 1589690 2026-08-22T08:59:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chana CM7''' ilijengwa kwenye jukwaa jipya kabisa wakati ilipoanzishwa. Gari hili lilitumia injini za lita 1.0 na 1.3 zilizotokana na teknolojia ya Suzuki, zikiwa na uwezo wa kuzalisha nguvu za kW 39 na kW 60 mtawalia. Pia, mfumo wa kiyoyozi ulikuwa miongoni mwa vifaa vya kawaida vya gari hilo. Uzalishaji wa gari dogo la mizigo la China CM7 ulianza Januari 2004. [[Jamii:Magari]] j4lhx7u5sd68m6bw5xktp5w3j4vl3uz 0 246125 1590236 1589692 2026-08-22T08:59:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590236 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chana Star''' au '''Changan Star''', ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama '''Kaicene Star''' (Kichina: 长安之星), ni mfululizo wa [[malori]] na [[microvan|vani ndogo]] zilizotengenezwa na kuuzwa na [[Changan Automobile]] chini ya chapa ya Chana tangu mwaka 1999. Baadaye, mfululizo wa Changan Star uliwekwa chini ya chapa ndogo ya Kaicene inayomilikiwa na Changan Automobile. Chana Star ilianza kama malori ya [[Suzuki Carry]] ya kizazi cha kumi na vani za [[Suzuki Every]] zilizobadilishwa chapa na kuuzwa chini ya jina la Changan. [[Changan Automobile]] ilitoa matoleo yenye miundo mbalimbali ya karoseri. Baadaye, modeli hii ilipanuliwa na kuwa mfululizo wa bidhaa uliokuwa na modeli kadhaa. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Malori]] hkkmqp8de4pxfag1boowqx69wzyr8gm 0 246127 1590237 1589694 2026-08-22T08:59:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chana Star 9''' (Kichina: 长安之星9) ni vani ndogo inayotengenezwa na [[Changan Automobile]] chini ya chapa ndogo ya Chana. Hapo awali gari hili liliitwa '''Chana Star 4500''' (Kichina: 长安星光4500). Baada ya kufanyiwa maboresho ya muonekano mwaka 2014, lilipewa jina jipya la '''Chana Star 9''' na kuingizwa katika mfululizo wa magari ya Chana Star. Chana Star 4500 ya awali ilizinduliwa na [[Changan Automobile]] mwaka 2013. Chana Star 9 inaendeshwa na injini ya lita 1.5, wakati Chana Star 4500 ya awali ilikuwa na injini ya lita 1.3. Bei ya Chana Star 4500 ilikuwa kati ya yuan 50,900 na yuan 58,800, wakati Chana Star 9 iliuzwa kwa bei ya kati ya yuan 47,800 na yuan 56,000. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari]] eyq5yb7dwl9iuago69tru5lo6o7in9d 0 246141 1590238 1589762 2026-08-22T09:00:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''August von Finck Jr.''' ([[Machi 11]], [[1930]] – [[Novemba 28]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] mwenye makao yake [[Uswisi]]. Mnamo Februari [[2020]], von Finck aliuza sehemu kubwa ya hisa yake katika ''SGS SA'' ya Uswisi, mojawapo ya makampuni makubwa ya upimaji na ukaguzi duniani. Aliuza hisa 960,000 zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 2.4. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 8.8. Von Finck Jr. aliunga mkono vyama vya siasa na mipango ya vyama vya mrengo wa kulia na vya uhuru, vikundi na watu binafsi katika maisha yake yote<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: August von Finck|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/august-von-finck/|website=Forbes|accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/august-von-finck/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index # 198: August von Flink|author=|date=|newspaper=Bloomberg|accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] 5pm19gzuw1wbzjsmq2ehg8r6tkg53sv 0 246142 1590239 1589764 2026-08-22T09:01:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590239 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Friedrich Karl Flick''' ([[Februari 3]], [[1927]] – [[Oktoba 5]], [[2006]]) alikuwa mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na [[Austria]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Alizaliwa [[Berlin]], akiwa mtoto wa mwisho wa [http://Friedrich%20Flick Friedrich Flick], [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhalifu wa kivita wa Nazi, na Marie Schuss. Baada ya masomo yake, alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya baba yake. Mwaka [[1972]], baba yake alipofariki, alirithi sehemu kubwa ya biashara ya familia. Akiwa mmiliki wa pekee wa ''Friedrich Flick Industrial Holding'', alikuwa na maslahi katika makampuni makubwa ikiwemo Daimler-Benz, WR Grace, Gerling Insurance, Buderus, Dynamit Nobel, Feldmühle na mengine. Mwaka [[1975]], aliuza sehemu yake ya Daimler-Benz kwa ''Deutsche Bank'' kwa zaidi ya dola bilioni 1. Madeni makubwa ya kodi yaliepukwa kupitia "kulima mandhari ya kisiasa"—mchakato uliogeuka kuwa ''Flick Affair'' mwaka [[1983]] ilipobainika kwamba karibu dola milioni 25 zilikuwa zimelipwa kwa vyama vya siasa vya Ujerumani badala ya kupunguzwa kwa kodi na maamuzi mazuri<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/13/archives/bonn-bank-plans-benz-stock-sale-largest-german-institutior-forms-a.html |title=Bonn Bank Plans Benz Stock Sale |newspaper=New York Times |date=12 December 1975 }}</ref>. Ingawa Kansela Helmut Kohl alifaidika na miamala hiyo, alidai "hakumbuki", huku wengine wakijiuzulu kutoka nyadhifa zao. Mwaka [[1985]], Flick aliuza makampuni yake yaliyosalia. Wakati Deutsche Bank ilipotangaza kwamba ilikuwa imenunua hisa zake kwa karibu mark bilioni 3 za Ujerumani, Flick alistaafu nchini Austria, ambako alikua raia wa asili. Mnamo Machi [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.1<ref name=bloomberg>{{cite news|last1=Thiel|first1=SImon|title=Flick, Billionaire Son of Nazi War Criminal, Dies (Update1)|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ajNFph3pc0d8|accessdate=11 November 2015|work=bloomberg|date=6 October 2006}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] o0ezh5oi7oprsa6f5wb20plkxgrgxay 0 246143 1590241 1589803 2026-08-22T09:01:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:G Fielmann.jpg|thumb|Fielmann mnamo 2009]] '''Günther Klaus Fielmann''' ([[Septemba 17]], [[1939]] – [[Januari 3]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwanzilishi, mmiliki mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Fielmann'', kampuni ya Ujerumani inayolenga katika miwani ya reja reja<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Guenther Klaus FIELMANN personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/PlsQdiC-sFdlf6kzFgsvpaQhPzM/appointments |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|url = https://www.forbes.com/profile/fielmann-guenther/ |title = Forbes profile: Guenther Fielmann & family |accessdate = 21 August 2021 |work = Forbes}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 4.6. Kuanzia mwaka [[2019]], usimamizi wa ''Fielmann Group'' ulikabidhiwa kabisa kwa mwanawe Marc Fielmann<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Staff |title=Germany's Fielmann to Transfer Stock as Part of Succession Plan |url=https://www.2020mag.com/article/germanys-fielmann-to-transfer-stock-as-part-of-succession-plan |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=www.2020mag.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] h2zkoazw7zal83ne9a0b1z0cikdxz5e 0 246150 1590242 1589792 2026-08-22T09:02:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erivan Karl Matthias Haub''' ([[Septemba 29]], [[1932]] – [[Machi 6]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mkurugenzi mkuu na mmiliki mwenza wa ''Tengelmann Group'', mmoja wa wauzaji reja reja wakubwa wa Ujerumani<ref name="obit">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/33333/3888929 |title=Unternehmensgruppe Tengelmann trauert um langjährigen Chef / Erivan Haub 85-jährig in USA verstorben |date=12 March 2018 |website=presseportal.de |language=de |access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake mnamo Machi [[2018]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.4<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Erivan Haub |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/erivan-haub/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=6 March 2018}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] ckdkkhyz9teczo21jh1whmjb394rhmw 0 246151 1590243 1589776 2026-08-22T09:02:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590243 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler''' ([[Machi 26]], [[1898]] – [[Oktoba 27]], [[1974]]) alikuwa mhunzi wa viatu, mvumbuzi, na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya mavazi ya michezo ''Puma''. Alizaliwa tarehe [[Machi 26]], [[1898]] huko Herzogenaurach, Rudolf alikuwa kaka mkubwa wa mwanzilishi wa [[Adidas]] Adolf "Adi" Dassler<ref>{{cite news|last=Carbone |first=Nick |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2089859_2089888_2089889,00.html |title=Adidas vs. Puma – Top 10 Family Feuds – TIME |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2011-08-23 |access-date=2014-05-28}}</ref>. Ndugu hao walikuwa washirika katika biashara ya viatu aliyoianzisha Adolf, ''Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik''. Rudolf alijiunga mwaka [[1924]]. Hata hivyo, baada ya ugomvi kati yao kufuatia [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]], ndugu hao walitengana na kuanzisha makampuni yao mwaka [[1948]]. Awali akiita kampuni mpya "Ruda" (mchanganyiko wa Rudolf Dassler), ilibadilishwa jina kuwa Puma kwa maana ya ''cougar ([[Puma (mnyama)|Puma]])''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/08/business/worldbusiness/08iht-SHOES.html?_r=0|title=Adidas versus Puma: Origins of a rivalry between brothers|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=16 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Esterl |first=Mike |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB120606066903653643|title=A Run for Their Money - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com|date=2008-03-21|access-date=2014-05-28}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] 9lbc3ahyi357xobv04c4erznm2yo7z2 0 246153 1589908 1589783 2026-08-21T12:26:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolf Deyhle''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 3]], [[1938]] – Alifariki [[Mei 2]], [[2014]]) alikuwa msanidi wa majengo, mkusanyaji wa sanaa, na mtayarishaji wa filamu bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mnamo Septemba [[1992]], Deyhle aliorodheshwa na ''Fortune'' akiwa na utajiri wa jumla wa dola bilioni 1.1<ref name=Fortune>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228113707/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2007|title=The Billionaires|date=7 September 1992|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref>. Deyhle alibuni nembo ya [[FIFA]] mwaka [[1977]] na baadaye akapata haki za uuzaji wa ishara, alama na miundo yote inayohusiana na FIFA hadi [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] [[1994]] nchini [[Marekani]], dhidi ya matakwa ya rais wa FIFA wakati huo, [[João Havelange]]<ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/sport/fussball/verschenkte-trophaee-als-herr-deyhle-weltmeister-wurde-a-416633.html ''Als Herr Deyhle Weltmeister wurde''], [[Der Spiegel]], 28. Mai 2006 (german)</ref><ref name="Billboard.1997">{{cite book|title=Billboard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA48|accessdate=9 November 2015|date=24 May 1997|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|page=48|issn=0006-2510}}</ref>. Deyhle alimiliki ''Stella AG'', kampuni ya Ujerumani ya utayarishaji wa michezo ya jukwaani ambayo pia ilimiliki kumbi za michezo huko [[Hamburg]]. Mwaka [[1997]], iliajiri watu 4,500, ikidai kuwa kiongozi wa soko katika sekta ya muziki ya Ujerumani, na ilipangwa kuorodhesha asilimia 49 kwenye soko la hisa la Ujerumani. Stella AG hatimaye ikawa haifanyi kazi na ilichukuliwa mwaka [[2001]] na ''Stage Entertainment''. Deyhle alifariki Mei 2, 2014, na alikuwa na watoto sita<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.trauer-um-rolf-deyhle-viel-stoff-fuer-ein-musical.f937a940-0509-4c97-9c4b-dee0198eb5e1.html |title=Trauer um Rolf Deyhle: Viel Stoff für ein Musical |first1=Uwe |last1=Bogen |website=[[Stuttgarter Nachrichten]] (Stuttgart News) |location=Stuttgart |language=de |date=2014-05-05 |via=www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |trans-title=Mourning for Rolf Deyhle: a lot of material for a musical }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.nachruf-auf-rolf-deyhle-der-musical-pionier-hat-stuttgart-veraendert.6f963e3d-ed52-494d-adb9-8426f38beda9.html |title=Nachruf auf Rolf Deyhle: Der Musical-Pionier hat Stuttgart verändert |first1=Jürgen |last1=Brand |date=2014-05-04 |trans-title=Obituary for Rolf Deyhle: the musical pioneer changed Stuttgart |location=Stuttgart |website=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]] (Stuttgart Newspaper) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/menschen-wirtschaft/musical-pionier-rolf-deyhle-gestorben-12922404.html |title=Musical-Pionier Rolf Deyhle gestorben |language=de |date=2014-05-04 |website=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (Frankfurt General Newspaper) |trans-title=Musical pioneer Rolf Deyhle has died}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] 9u8p597d9379m2k0gtvmxllo6bg0x65 1590244 1589908 2026-08-22T09:03:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolf Deyhle''' ([[Oktoba 3]], [[1938]] – [[Mei 2]], [[2014]]) alikuwa msanidi wa majengo, mkusanyaji wa sanaa, na mtayarishaji wa filamu bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mnamo Septemba [[1992]], Deyhle aliorodheshwa na ''Fortune'' akiwa na utajiri wa jumla wa dola bilioni 1.1<ref name=Fortune>{{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228113707/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/09/07/76826/index.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2007|title=The Billionaires|date=7 September 1992|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|access-date=22 June 2015}}</ref>. Deyhle alibuni nembo ya [[FIFA]] mwaka [[1977]] na baadaye akapata haki za uuzaji wa ishara, alama na miundo yote inayohusiana na FIFA hadi [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] [[1994]] nchini [[Marekani]], dhidi ya matakwa ya rais wa FIFA wakati huo, [[João Havelange]]<ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/sport/fussball/verschenkte-trophaee-als-herr-deyhle-weltmeister-wurde-a-416633.html ''Als Herr Deyhle Weltmeister wurde''], [[Der Spiegel]], 28. Mai 2006 (german)</ref><ref name="Billboard.1997">{{cite book|title=Billboard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA48|accessdate=9 November 2015|date=24 May 1997|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|page=48|issn=0006-2510}}</ref>. Deyhle alimiliki ''Stella AG'', kampuni ya Ujerumani ya utayarishaji wa michezo ya jukwaani ambayo pia ilimiliki kumbi za michezo huko [[Hamburg]]. Mwaka [[1997]], iliajiri watu 4,500, ikidai kuwa kiongozi wa soko katika sekta ya muziki ya Ujerumani, na ilipangwa kuorodhesha asilimia 49 kwenye soko la hisa la Ujerumani. Stella AG hatimaye ikawa haifanyi kazi na ilichukuliwa mwaka [[2001]] na ''Stage Entertainment''. Deyhle alifariki Mei 2, 2014, na alikuwa na watoto sita<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.trauer-um-rolf-deyhle-viel-stoff-fuer-ein-musical.f937a940-0509-4c97-9c4b-dee0198eb5e1.html |title=Trauer um Rolf Deyhle: Viel Stoff für ein Musical |first1=Uwe |last1=Bogen |website=[[Stuttgarter Nachrichten]] (Stuttgart News) |location=Stuttgart |language=de |date=2014-05-05 |via=www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de |trans-title=Mourning for Rolf Deyhle: a lot of material for a musical }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.nachruf-auf-rolf-deyhle-der-musical-pionier-hat-stuttgart-veraendert.6f963e3d-ed52-494d-adb9-8426f38beda9.html |title=Nachruf auf Rolf Deyhle: Der Musical-Pionier hat Stuttgart verändert |first1=Jürgen |last1=Brand |date=2014-05-04 |trans-title=Obituary for Rolf Deyhle: the musical pioneer changed Stuttgart |location=Stuttgart |website=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]] (Stuttgart Newspaper) |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/menschen-wirtschaft/musical-pionier-rolf-deyhle-gestorben-12922404.html |title=Musical-Pionier Rolf Deyhle gestorben |language=de |date=2014-05-04 |website=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (Frankfurt General Newspaper) |trans-title=Musical pioneer Rolf Deyhle has died}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] dudn9y32rax94z4r8ckgcd0yurzji1p 0 246165 1590245 1589823 2026-08-22T09:04:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Anne Turnbull''' ([[18 Juni]] [[1822]] – [[11 Septemba]] [[1887]]) alikuwa mcheza dansi na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alisomea baleti chini ya mcheza dansi [[Mfaransa]] Mme LeComte na kaka yake LeComte, Jules Martin, pamoja na James Sylvain. Turnbull alipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Marekani katika miaka ya 1840 kwa kuigiza nafasi kuu za kitamaduni kama Giselle na Esmeralda.<ref name=enc>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Turnbull, Julia Anne (1822–1887) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/turnbull-julia-anne-1822-1887 |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Amberg |first=George |title=Ballet in America : the emergence of an American art |date=2007-05-11 |publisher=Read Books |isbn=978-1406753806 |oclc=884800411}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{BD|1822|1887}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] i36ccrqgj7sxr93vkljkfu59jyc7p06 0 246168 1589918 1589806 2026-08-21T12:55:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephanie Louise Vallance''' (alizaliwa [[8 Septemba]], [[1958]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Stevie Vallance''', na pia alitajwa kama '''Louise Vallance''' katika miaka ya 1970-90, ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]] ambaye amefanya kazi katika filamu na mfululizo mbalimbali ya televisheni, ya uigizaji halisi na uhuishaji.<ref name="acting">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://studylib.net/doc/7749682/stevie-vallance--director--vocalist--actor--host--producer|title=Stevie Vallance: Producer, Director, Actor, Singer|publisher=Stevie Vallance|work=studylib.net|accessdate=January 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/5996657/|title=The Paris News from Paris, Texas|date=February 1, 1980|newspaper=Newspapers.com|language=en|access-date=2017-01-25}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LoOa2gSwFmQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/LoOa2gSwFmQ| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|title="The Wonder Of It All"|language=en|time=1:24:55}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0o8dtpng3qw9ub5exq1s0ogwwgrky1d 0 246176 1590246 1589816 2026-08-22T09:05:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Athole Dane Shearer Hawks''' ([[20 Novemba]] [[1900]] – [[17 Machi]] [[1985]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mshiriki wa tabaka la juu wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]], ambaye alikuwa dada wa nyota wa filamu Norma Shearer na mhandisi wa sauti za filamu wa Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM, Douglas Shearer.<ref name="Katz">{{cite book|last=Katz|first=Ephraim|date=2001|title=The Film Encyclopedia|edition=fourth revised by Fred Klein and Ronald Dean Nolan|location=New York|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.|page=1247|isbn=0-06-273755-4}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930010631/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/175578%7C41469/Douglas-Shearer/#family-companions "Douglas Shearer"], biographical profile, [[Turner Classic Movies]] (TCM), Turner Broadcasting System, a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc. New York, N.Y. Retrieved August 24, 2018.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1900|1985}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 8gkj76abmckw7d0isidpemdhtkua6w4 0 246177 1589906 1589817 2026-08-21T12:22:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Norma Shearer''' (amezaliwa [[11 Agosti]], [[1902]] - amefariki [[12 Juni]], [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika filamu kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1942. Shearer mara nyingi alicheza nafasi za wanawake wenye msimamo, wanaojitegemea kingono. Alionekana katika filamu zilizotokana na kazi za Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, na William Shakespeare, na alikuwa mwigizaji wa kwanza kuteuliwa mara tano kwa Tuzo za Academy, huku akiteuliwa mara sita kwa jumla, na kushinda tuzo moja ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike kwa filamu ''The Divorcee'' (1930).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shen|first1=Ann|title=Bad Girls Throughout History: 100 Remarkable Women Who Changed the World|date=2016|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-5702-3|page=117}}</ref><ref>Shipman, David. ''The Great Movie Stars: The Golden Years''. [[Crown Publishers]], 1970. p. 487-492</ref><ref name="Alt">{{cite web|last1=Soares|first1=Andre|title=Norma Shearer: 'Queen of MGM' & 'Liberated Woman'|url=http://www.altfg.com/film/norma-shearer/|website=Alt Film Guide|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=January 9, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1902|1983}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 1db9ab8e8fxxsg63kryhr1watsreql6 1590247 1589906 2026-08-22T09:06:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Norma Shearer''' ([[11 Agosti]] [[1902]] - [[12 Juni]] [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika filamu kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1942. Shearer mara nyingi alicheza nafasi za wanawake wenye msimamo, wanaojitegemea kingono. Alionekana katika filamu zilizotokana na kazi za Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, na William Shakespeare, na alikuwa mwigizaji wa kwanza kuteuliwa mara tano kwa Tuzo za Academy, huku akiteuliwa mara sita kwa jumla, na kushinda tuzo moja ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike kwa filamu ''The Divorcee'' (1930).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shen|first1=Ann|title=Bad Girls Throughout History: 100 Remarkable Women Who Changed the World|date=2016|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-5702-3|page=117}}</ref><ref>Shipman, David. ''The Great Movie Stars: The Golden Years''. [[Crown Publishers]], 1970. p. 487-492</ref><ref name="Alt">{{cite web|last1=Soares|first1=Andre|title=Norma Shearer: 'Queen of MGM' & 'Liberated Woman'|url=http://www.altfg.com/film/norma-shearer/|website=Alt Film Guide|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=January 9, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1902|1983}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] emftygm5rceagbcha1eg53bxtprkk93 1590248 1590247 2026-08-22T09:06:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Norma Shearer''' ([[11 Agosti]] [[1902]] - [[12 Juni]] [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] aliyefanya kazi katika filamu kuanzia mwaka 1919 hadi 1942. Shearer mara nyingi alicheza nafasi za wanawake wenye msimamo, wanaojitegemea kingono. Alionekana katika filamu zilizotokana na kazi za Noël Coward, Eugene O'Neill, na William Shakespeare, na alikuwa mwigizaji wa kwanza kuteuliwa mara tano kwa Tuzo za Academy, huku akiteuliwa mara sita kwa jumla, na kushinda tuzo moja ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike kwa filamu ''The Divorcee'' (1930).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shen|first1=Ann|title=Bad Girls Throughout History: 100 Remarkable Women Who Changed the World|date=2016|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-5702-3|page=117}}</ref><ref>Shipman, David. ''The Great Movie Stars: The Golden Years''. [[Crown Publishers]], 1970. p. 487-492</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1902|1983}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 2l4jkwtwrubudv6bya7xkz76dspp5u0 0 246179 1590249 1589819 2026-08-22T09:07:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madeleine Sherwood''' (alizaliwa '''Madeleine Louise Hélène Thornton'''; [[13 Novemba]] [[1922]] – [[23 Aprili]] [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani, filamu na televisheni wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/madeleine-sherwood-dead-at-93| title=Actress Madeleine Sherwood Dead at 93| last=Matthews| first=Liam| journal=[[TV Guide]]| date=April 25, 2016| access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{cite news| title=Madeleine Sherwood, 93, Actress on Stage, Film and 'Flying Nun,' Dies| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/27/arts/madeleine-sherwood-93-actress-on-the-flying-nun-stage-and-screen-dies.html| last=Roberts| first=Sam| date=April 26, 2016| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]| accessdate=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1922|2016}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] s9wmjrmlifql6gdq6wxou4eje7c2531 0 246189 1590251 1589832 2026-08-22T09:08:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tara Spencer-Nairn''' (amezaliwa [[6 Januari]] [[1978]]<ref>{{cite web |website=AskMen.com |title=Tara Spencer-Nairn |url=http://www.askmen.com/women/celeb_profiles_actress/14_tara_spencer_nairn.html| accessdate=April 16, 2018|archive-date=November 1, 2007 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071101030214/http://www.askmen.com/women/celeb_profiles_actress/14_tara_spencer_nairn.html }}</ref><ref name=mail>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/tara-spencer-nairn-loves-a-role-in-uniform/article565351/ |title=Tara Spencer-Nairn loves a role in uniform |first=Andrew |last=Ryan |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=2011-02-07 |accessdate=2018-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222111509/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/television/tara-spencer-nairn-loves-a-role-in-uniform/article565351/ |archive-date=2017-02-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Corner Gas''. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] aox5gj8jd1sxq7kheh8japcl99t0g04 0 246191 1590252 1589834 2026-08-22T09:09:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sonia Vigneault dans 《La souricière d'Agatha Chrisitie》.jpg|thumb|Sonia Vigneault]] '''Sonia Vigneault''' ni [[mwigizaji]] [[Mkanada]] wa [[Kifaransa]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Montreal]]. Ameigiza katika vipindi kadhaa vya televisheni na [filamu]], vikiwemo ''Mogadon 7'', ''Bouscotte'', ''Zigrail'' na ''Providence (Canadian TV series)|Providence''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.montrealexpress.ca/article-245720-Providence-petits-et-grands-drames-dune-famille-bourgeoise-de-la-campagne.html|title=Providence: petits et grands drames d'une...|date=3 September 2008|work=Montreal Express|accessdate=20 July 2010}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] rkrgwcd6ib1w60rmvc5mxakm01ki528 0 246192 1590253 1589835 2026-08-22T09:10:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heinz Georg Baus''' ([[Februari 25]], [[1934]] – [[Mei 10]], [[2016]]<ref name="spiegel">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/baushaus-gruender-heinz-georg-baus-gestorben-a-1093111.html|publisher=spiegel.de|title=Baushaus-Gründer Heinz Georg Baus gestorben - SPIEGEL ONLINE|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref>) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmiliki wa msururu wa maduka ya uboreshaji wa nyumba ''Bauhaus AG''. Mnamo Machi [[2016]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 3.8<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Heinz-Georg Baus |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/heinz-georg-baus/ |website=Forbes|date=1 March 2016}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Baus alizaliwa [[Heidelberg]], Ujerumani, tarehe [[Februari 25]], [[1934]] na alikulia Schriesheim katika mkoa wa [[Baden-Württemberg|Baden]]<ref name="munzinger">{{cite web|url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Heinz+Georg+Baus/0/29821.html|publisher=munzinger.de|title=Heinz Georg Baus - Munzinger Biographie|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>Obituary, [[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]], 21 May 2016, p. 34.</ref>. Wazazi wake, Georg na Katharina Baus, waliendesha warsha ya useremala huko, ambapo alimaliza uanagenzi kama seremala na glazia. Baadaye alifunzwa kama mekanika wa uingizaji hewa na alihitimu kutoka shule ya juu ya biashara. Baus alifunzwa kama seremala<ref name="munzinger1">{{cite web |url=https://www.munzinger.de/register/portrait/biographien/heinz+georg+baus/00/29821 |title=Heinz Georg Baus |website=Munzinger Online/Personen |access-date=19 January 2026 |language=de }}</ref>. Wakati wa safari yake nchini Marekani alijua mwenendo unaoibuka wa "fanya mwenyewe" (do-it-yourself)<ref name="Freytag">{{cite news |last=Freytag |first=Bernd |title=Baus Haus |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung – Magazin |date=10 November 2018 |issn=1612-0701 |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/stil/mode-design/bauhaus-brachte-in-den-sechzigern-ein-neues-modell-fuer-heimwerker-nach-deutschlad-15862782.html |language=de }}</ref>. Akiwa amehamasishwa na maduka ya kwanza ya uboreshaji wa nyumba ya [[Marekani]], alianzisha ''Bauhaus Gesellschaft für Bau- und Hausbedarf'' pamoja na baba yake mwaka [[1959]] na akafungua duka la kwanza la kujihudumia la Bauhaus tarehe [[Aprili 9]], [[1960]]. Duka lililoko katika mraba wa U3 huko [[Mannheim]] linachukuliwa kuwa duka la kwanza la DIY nchini Ujerumani<ref name="Bengelsdorf2020">{{cite journal |last=Bengelsdorf |first=Joachim |title=Mysterium Bauhaus |journal=diy Fachmagazin für die Baumarkt- und Gartenbranche |issue=11/2020 |year=2020 |url=https://www.diyonline.de/d/diy/2020/11-2020/mysterium-bauhaus.html |language=de }}</ref>. Miaka mitano baadaye alifungua tawi la pili huko Heidelberg. Maduka mengine yalifuata awali katika eneo la Rhine-Neckar na baadaye kote Ujerumani, ikiwemo [[Berlin]] Magharibi. Kufikia mwaka [[1970]], msururu huo ulikuwa umekua hadi maduka kumi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baumarktmanager.de/die-anfaenge-der-baumarktszene-25092017 |title=Die Anfänge der Baumarktszene |website=BaumarktManager |publisher=RM Rudolf Müller Medien GmbH & Co. KG |date=25 September 2017 |language=de }}</ref>. Mwaka [[1969]], Baus alihamisha makao makuu ya kampuni na makazi yake hadi [[Uswisi]]. Kampuni ya mwenyeji ya Bauhaus ilianzisha makao yake makuu huko Zug, huku Baus akihamia Thun katika Kantoni ya Bern. Baadaye aliishi na familia yake kwa miaka kadhaa huko [[Monako]]. Kuanzia mwaka [[1970]] na kuendelea, Baus aliongoza kampuni inayomilikiwa na familia kama mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi wa ''Interbauhaus AG''<ref name="65Jahre">Céline Baus; Bernd Baus (eds.): ''65 Jahre BAUHAUS''. 2025. ISBN 978-3-200-10403-7.</ref><ref name="zeit">{{cite news |last=Lütge |first=Gunhild |title=Max Bahr. Zertrümmert. |work=Die Zeit |issue=50/2013 |url=https://www.zeit.de/2013/50/max-bahr-baumarkt-insolvenz/komplettansicht |language=de }}</ref>. Usimamizi wa kila siku wa shughuli, hata hivyo, uliendelea kuongozwa kutoka Mannheim. Katika miongo iliyofuata Baus ilikuwa kampuni ya kimataifa. Kuanzia mwaka [[1972]], alianzisha matawi na kampuni tanzu nyingi za kitaifa, awali nchini [[Austria]] na baadaye katika nchi kadhaa za [[Ulaya Magharibi]] na [[Skandinavia]] na pia katika Ulaya ya Kusini-mashariki. Akiwa amehamasishwa na muuzaji wa Marekani ''The Home Depot'', aliongeza kiambishi "The Home Store" kwenye matawi ya kampuni yake mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990, jina ambalo lilibaki kutumika hadi uamuzi wa mahakama mwaka [[2007]] kufuatia amri ya mahakama. Karibu na mwaka wa 2000, Baus alihamisha makazi yake kutoka Uswisi hadi Monaco. Mwaka [[2015]], Baus alianzisha ''Heinz Baus Privatstiftung''. Madhumuni ya hazina hiyo, yenye makao yake Linz, ni "kulinda na kuhifadhi ''Bauhaus Group'' kama kampuni inayomilikiwa na familia." Wakati huo kampuni iliendesha matawi zaidi ya 260 katika nchi 19 za Ulaya na ilipata mapato ya kila mwaka ya euro bilioni sita. Mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi na mrithi wa Heinz Georg Baus ni wakili Peter Lutz. Kulingana na ''manager magazin'', Baus aliondoka "si tu muundo wa shirika tata na matawi hadi Karibea", bali pia mahusiano "magumu" ya familia. Kampuni nyingine iliyoanzishwa na Baus ni mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya bafu ''Duscholux'', ambako alijitambulisha kama mwenye hati miliki ya sehemu kadhaa za milango ya kuogea. Baus alifungua duka la kwanza la Bauhaus huko Mannheim mwaka [[1960]]. Sasa kuna maduka 250 na wafanyakazi 17,000 katika nchi 17 kote Ulaya. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] aftxn970d2gfu5oz2b4fh8gmdj3ki1s 0 246195 1590254 1589838 2026-08-22T09:10:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kim Yaroshevskaya''' ([[1 Oktoba]] [[1923]] – [[12 Januari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu, televisheni na jukwaa wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Urusi]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji wa [[Quebec]] kama mburudishaji wa watoto, akicheza nafasi kuu katika mfululizo kama ''Fanfreluche'' na ''Passe-Partout'' katika miaka ya 1970,<ref>"Immigrants take the stage to relate their success stories". ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]'', 12 April 1991.</ref> na pia alikuwa na nafasi kuu katika mfululizo wa drama wa Kiingereza wa Kanada ''Home Fires (Canadian TV series)'' mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980.<ref name=grady>[[Wayne Grady (author)|Wayne Grady]], "We'll Keep a Welcome". ''[[TV Guide Canada]]'', 8 November 1980.</ref><ref>[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kim-yaroshevskaya Profile], thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Accessed 8 November 2024.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1923|2025}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] p2co7h0p3c1cn3cqj4d5krlx9c6el4o 0 246201 1589958 1589845 2026-08-21T14:36:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathryn Zenna''' (amezaliwa [[25 Februari]], [[1971]], huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]), ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Kate Zenna''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa filamu na televisheni wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Veronica katika filamu ''Jack and Jill (1998 film)'', ambapo alipata uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kitengo cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Msaidizi katika 20th Genie Awards,<ref>"Sunshine floods Genies: International co-production sweeps award nominations, with Felicia's Journey, Five Senses, eXistenZ also in running for best picture prize to be announced next month". ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', December 8, 1999.</ref> na kama Mel katika ''Train 48''.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.northernstars.ca/zenna_kathryn/|title=Kathryn Zenna - Northernstars.ca|date=2017-02-25|work=Northernstars.ca|access-date=2018-09-08|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6hcg90vuipqd2ypg3zpd0b5xgilxjbq 0 246204 1589909 1589848 2026-08-21T12:28:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rudolf August Oetker (cropped).jpg|thumb|Oetker mnamo 1966]] '''Rudolf August Oetker''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] – Alifariki [[Januari 16]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenye meli, na mfadhili nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa ''Dr. Oetker'', iliyoanzishwa na babu yake August Oetker, kuwa shirika la makampuni ya chakula ya kimataifa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/another-german-company-reveals-its-nazi-past/a-17174930 |title=Another German company reveals its Nazi past |last=Ignatzi |first=Christian |date=22 October 2013 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], Oetker alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Nazi]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Oetker alizaliwa tarehe [[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] huko Bielefeld, Dola la Ujerumani, mtoto wa pili wa Rudolf Oetker (1889–1916), mwanakemia, aliyekufa huko Verdun kabla ya mtoto wake kuzaliwa, na Ida Oetker (1891–1944). Alikuwa na dada mkubwa; Ursula Oetker (1915–2005). Oetker alihudumu na alijitolea katika ''Waffen-SS'' kuanzia mwaka [[1941]] hadi [[1944]]. Baada ya baba yake wa kambo, Richard Kaselowsky, kuuawa katika shambulio la anga, Oetker akawa rais wa biashara yake ya familia mwaka [[1944]]. Biashara hiyo ilirithiwa kutoka kwa babu yake, August Oetker, ambaye alivumbua mchanganyiko maarufu wa poda ya kuoka<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |last1=de Jong |first1=David |title=Nazi-Forged Fortune Creates Hidden German Billionaires |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-03/nazi-forged-fortune-creates-hidden-german-billionaires |accessdate=1 April 2016 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=3 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=German pizza giant Dr Oetker reveals Nazi-era past |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24580073 |date=18 October 2013 |website=BBC News |accessdate=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Oetker |url=http://holocaustonline.org/dr-oetker/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200932/http://holocaustonline.org/dr-oetker/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 May 2018 |website=Holocaust Online |accessdate=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=The Rudolf-August Oetker collection compensates the Emma Budge heirs for a silver cup in the Oetker collection since 2009 |url=http://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=SGDCJC377081 |accessdate=21 May 2017 |website=Lootedart.com |quote=In 2011, the representative of the estate of [[Emma Budge]] published a search notice for the silver cup on a database for artworks lost in consequence of Nazi persecution.}}</ref>. Baada ya vita, Oetker alifungwa katika kambi ya wafungwa ya Staumühle karibu na Paderborn. Wakati tatoo yake ya kikundi cha damu cha SS ilipogunduliwa chini ya kwapa yake ya kushoto, alipigwa vikali na walinzi. Kwa miaka mingi baada ya vita, Oetker alihitaji mkongojo kutembea. Baada ya kuachiliwa mwaka [[1947]], aliipandisha kampuni hiyo kuwa jina linalojulikana nchini Ujerumani leo. ''Oetker-Gruppe'' ilikuwa moja ya alama za juhudi za uokoaji wa baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia nchini<ref>Jürgen Finger, Sven Keller, [[Andreas Wirsching]]: ''Dr. Oetker und der Nationalsozialismus. Geschichte eines Familienunternehmens 1933–1945.'' Verlag C.H.Beck, München 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-406-64545-7}}, S. 380</ref>. Katika miaka ya 1960, Oetker alifadhili ''Stille Hilfe'', shirika la misaada kwa maveterani wa SS, wakimbizi, na wahalifu wa kivita waliopatikana na hatia. Oetker alistaafu kama mkurugenzi mtendaji mwaka [[1981]], akikabidhi nafasi hiyo kwa mwanawe August Oetker<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| last = Jong| first = David De| title = Bakpoeder, puddingmix en swastika's: 'De familie Oetker was een steunpilaar van de nazisamenleving'| work = [[HUMO]]| access-date = 2023-10-28| date = 2022-08-15| url = https://www.humo.be/nieuws/bakpoeder-puddingmix-en-swastika-s-de-familie-oetker-was-een-steunpilaar-van-de-nazisamenleving~b7c215d3/| language = nl}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola bilioni 8.0<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |title=Rudolf August Oetker & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/JXWJ.html |website=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=1 April 2016}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] s15sw6lrhzhd09crcw5c20yw5fwqqh1 1590255 1589909 2026-08-22T09:11:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rudolf August Oetker (cropped).jpg|thumb|Oetker mnamo 1966]] '''Rudolf August Oetker''' ([[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] – [[Januari 16]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenye meli, na mfadhili nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa ''Dr. Oetker'', iliyoanzishwa na babu yake August Oetker, kuwa shirika la makampuni ya chakula ya kimataifa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/another-german-company-reveals-its-nazi-past/a-17174930 |title=Another German company reveals its Nazi past |last=Ignatzi |first=Christian |date=22 October 2013 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref>. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], Oetker alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Nazi]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Oetker alizaliwa tarehe [[Septemba 20]], [[1916]] huko Bielefeld, Dola la Ujerumani, mtoto wa pili wa Rudolf Oetker (1889–1916), mwanakemia, aliyekufa huko Verdun kabla ya mtoto wake kuzaliwa, na Ida Oetker (1891–1944). Alikuwa na dada mkubwa; Ursula Oetker (1915–2005). Oetker alihudumu na alijitolea katika ''Waffen-SS'' kuanzia mwaka [[1941]] hadi [[1944]]. Baada ya baba yake wa kambo, Richard Kaselowsky, kuuawa katika shambulio la anga, Oetker akawa rais wa biashara yake ya familia mwaka [[1944]]. Biashara hiyo ilirithiwa kutoka kwa babu yake, August Oetker, ambaye alivumbua mchanganyiko maarufu wa poda ya kuoka<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |last1=de Jong |first1=David |title=Nazi-Forged Fortune Creates Hidden German Billionaires |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-03/nazi-forged-fortune-creates-hidden-german-billionaires |accessdate=1 April 2016 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=3 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=German pizza giant Dr Oetker reveals Nazi-era past |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24580073 |date=18 October 2013 |website=BBC News |accessdate=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Oetker |url=http://holocaustonline.org/dr-oetker/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200932/http://holocaustonline.org/dr-oetker/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 May 2018 |website=Holocaust Online |accessdate=13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=The Rudolf-August Oetker collection compensates the Emma Budge heirs for a silver cup in the Oetker collection since 2009 |url=http://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=SGDCJC377081 |accessdate=21 May 2017 |website=Lootedart.com |quote=In 2011, the representative of the estate of [[Emma Budge]] published a search notice for the silver cup on a database for artworks lost in consequence of Nazi persecution.}}</ref>. Baada ya vita, Oetker alifungwa katika kambi ya wafungwa ya Staumühle karibu na Paderborn. Wakati tatoo yake ya kikundi cha damu cha SS ilipogunduliwa chini ya kwapa yake ya kushoto, alipigwa vikali na walinzi. Kwa miaka mingi baada ya vita, Oetker alihitaji mkongojo kutembea. Baada ya kuachiliwa mwaka [[1947]], aliipandisha kampuni hiyo kuwa jina linalojulikana nchini Ujerumani leo. ''Oetker-Gruppe'' ilikuwa moja ya alama za juhudi za uokoaji wa baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia nchini<ref>Jürgen Finger, Sven Keller, [[Andreas Wirsching]]: ''Dr. Oetker und der Nationalsozialismus. Geschichte eines Familienunternehmens 1933–1945.'' Verlag C.H.Beck, München 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-406-64545-7}}, S. 380</ref>. Katika miaka ya 1960, Oetker alifadhili ''Stille Hilfe'', shirika la misaada kwa maveterani wa SS, wakimbizi, na wahalifu wa kivita waliopatikana na hatia. Oetker alistaafu kama mkurugenzi mtendaji mwaka [[1981]], akikabidhi nafasi hiyo kwa mwanawe August Oetker<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| last = Jong| first = David De| title = Bakpoeder, puddingmix en swastika's: 'De familie Oetker was een steunpilaar van de nazisamenleving'| work = [[HUMO]]| access-date = 2023-10-28| date = 2022-08-15| url = https://www.humo.be/nieuws/bakpoeder-puddingmix-en-swastika-s-de-familie-oetker-was-een-steunpilaar-van-de-nazisamenleving~b7c215d3/| language = nl}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2006]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola bilioni 8.0<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |title=Rudolf August Oetker & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/JXWJ.html |website=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=1 April 2016}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] nrzlvip1o83g5ouna3tb06juap4rnd0 0 246206 1590256 1589851 2026-08-22T09:12:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katherine Lester DeMille''' (alizaliwa '''Katherine Paula Lester'''; [[29 Juni]] [[1911]] – [[27 Aprili]] [[1995]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyeigiza katika nafasi 25 za filamu zilizotajwa kwenye orodha za waigizaji kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1930 hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940.<ref name="Little Princess of Hollywood's Royal Family">{{cite news |title=Little Princess of Hollywood's Royal Family |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55728215?searchTerm=katherine+demille |access-date=May 6, 2019 |work=The Mail |date=September 5, 1936}}</ref> Akiwa binti wa kuasiliwa wa mkurugenzi Cecil B. DeMille, alichukuliwa kuwa sehemu ya tabaka la kifalme la Hollywood na alijulikana kwa urembo wake wa ngozi yenye rangi nyeusi.<ref name="Library and Archives Canada">{{cite web |title=Item: LESTER, EDWARD GABRIEL () |url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=529875 |website=Library and Archives Canada | date=August 23, 2013 |access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Memorials of Rugbeians who fell in the Great War, Volume 5">{{cite book |title=Memorials of Rugbeians who fell in the Great War, Volume 5 |date=1919 |publisher=[[Rugby School]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez9WAAAAYAAJ&q=Edward+Gabriel+Lester}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{BD|1911|1995}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 9l967wq89ex2vn33r89kjngxrwuv55o 0 246208 1589947 1589853 2026-08-21T14:07:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1589947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Deroy-Olson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi ya Kara Two-Rivers katika mfululizo wa mafumbo ''Three Pines'' na Billie Tsosie katika mfululizo wa kusisimua ''Dark Winds''. == Maisha ya awali == Deroy-Olson anatoka [[Vancouver]], Kanada. Kwa upande wa kabila, yeye ni sehemu ya Trʼondëk Hwëchʼin First Nation. Alipokuwa akikua, alikuwa mwanachama wa studio ya dansi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Fancy Dance Star Isabel Deroy-Olson Talks Lily Gladstone & Big Screen Debut |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/fancy-dance-star-isabel-deroy-olson-interview|access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=teenvogue.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=‘Fancy Dance’ Newcomer Isabel Deroy-Olson on the Importance of Indigenous Storytelling |url=https://wwd.com/eye/people/fancy-dance-isabel-deroy-olson-indigenous-storytelling-lily-gladstone-fashion-1236473158/ |access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=wwd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Killers of the Flower Moon’s Lily Gladstone: ‘Awards are just heavy little statues, and I’ve got plenty of ’em’ |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/lily-gladstone-fancy-dance-interview-b2566522.html |access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Isabel Deroy-Olson stars alongside Lily Gladstone in her 1st feature film|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/isabel-deroy-olson-fancy-dance-1.7241822 |access-date=May 6, 2026 |website=cbc.ca}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] q1z6imlws4q5lpf5f90i5pq9g9dxuvb 0 246210 1589912 1589855 2026-08-21T12:36:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Desjardins''' (amezaliwa [[15 Julai]], [[1994]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Sarah Desjardins on Instagram: "Is it really your birthday if you don't get your partner to buy you an ice cream cake? 🎂" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CRYCqg9BD1a/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Aliigiza katika mfululizo wa sehemu nyingi wa Discovery Family|Hub ''Clue (miniseries)'' (2011), mfululizo wa YouTube Premium ''Impulse (TV series)'' (2018–2019), tamthilia ya kusisimua ya [[Netflix]] ''The Night Agent'' (2023–), na msimu wa tatu wa mfululizo wa Showtime (TV network)|Showtime ''Yellowjackets (TV series)|Yellowjackets'' (2021–), baada ya kuwa na nafasi ya mara kwa mara katika misimu miwili ya kwanza.<ref name="talknerdywithus">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://talknerdywithus.com/2016/10/exclusive-interview-with-project-mc%c2%b2s-sarah-desjardins/|title=Exclusive Interview with Project MC²'s Sarah Desjardins|last=Walse|first=Caitlin|date=2016-10-17|website=Talk Nerdy With Us|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://604now.com/get-acquainted-project-mc2s-sarah-desjardins/|title=Get Acquainted With Project MC2's Sarah Desjardins|date=2016-11-04|website=604 Now|language=en-CA|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1994|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 8rveluceah5sxcrtcuqewbjlabblb7e 0 246228 1589934 1589874 2026-08-21T13:40:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589934 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Diana20Siegerehrung5.jpg|thumb|von Opel na mkewe Emily mnamo 2020]] '''Georg von Opel''' (Alizaliwa [[Mei 4]], [[1966]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Uswisi]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]], mjukuu wa Adam Opel ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya utengenezaji wa magari wa Ujerumani ''Opel AG''<ref>{{cite news|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index - Yvonne Bauer|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/yvonne-bauer/|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=May 11, 2018}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Tangu mwaka [[1973]], familia yake imekuwa wakazi wa Uswisi na von Opel alipata uraia mwaka [[2014]]. Alisoma uchumi na usimamizi wa biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rhode Island na ''American InterContinental University'', London<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Georg von Opel: Mann mit einem guten Riecher |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/management/georg-von-opel-mann-mit-einem-guten-riecher/2829702.html |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=www.handelsblatt.com |language=de}}</ref>. Mnamo Aprili [[2015]], ''Sunday Times Rich List'' ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa pauni bilioni 1.3.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=23503060&privcapId=20375553 |title=Stocks |publisher=Bloomberg |date= |accessdate=2017-05-03}}</ref> Kulingana na ''Sunday Times Rich List'', hii iliongezeka hadi pauni bilioni 1.654 mwaka [[2020]]<ref name=STRL>{{cite news|title=Sunday Times Rich List|work=The Sunday Times|issue=31|date=26 April 2014}}</ref>. Utajiri wake unatokana hasa na ''Hansa AG'', kampuni ya mwenyeji inayowekeza katika hisa zilizoorodheshwa na fedha za usawa wa kibinafsi. Jalada la majengo ya von Opel linajumuisha mali katika kusini mwa Uingereza, Majorca na eneo la Engadin katika Alps za Uswisi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Georg von Opel|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/georg-von-opel/|access-date=2020-07-20|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Times|first=The Sunday|title=Rich List 2020: profiles 51-100, featuring Bernie Ecclestone|newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/rich-list-2020-profiles-51-100-featuring-bernie-ecclestone-wmnjxggkw|access-date=2020-07-20|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d14ns8mvrews9jvmfm1te4kufycfwnx 0 246241 1589901 2026-08-21T12:07:29Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Angela Carolyn Fong''' (alizaliwa [[3 Februari]], [[1985]]) ni [[Mkanada]] mstaafu mcheza mieleka wa kulipwa, [[mwanamitindo]], mtangazaji wa ulingoni, mshangiliaji na [[mwigizaji]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kipindi chake katika WWE kuanzia 2007 hadi 2010, ambapo alitumia jina la ulingoni '''Savannah''', na katika Lucha Underground kuanzia 2014 hadi 2019, ambapo alitumia jina la ulingoni '''Black Lotus'''.<ref name="f4wonline.com">{{cite web|url=http://www...' 1589901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Carolyn Fong''' (alizaliwa [[3 Februari]], [[1985]]) ni [[Mkanada]] mstaafu mcheza mieleka wa kulipwa, [[mwanamitindo]], mtangazaji wa ulingoni, mshangiliaji na [[mwigizaji]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kipindi chake katika WWE kuanzia 2007 hadi 2010, ambapo alitumia jina la ulingoni '''Savannah''', na katika Lucha Underground kuanzia 2014 hadi 2019, ambapo alitumia jina la ulingoni '''Black Lotus'''.<ref name="f4wonline.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/more/more-top-stories/118-daily-updates/39066-lucha-underground-promotion-tv-debut-moved-back-three-weeks|title=Lucha Underground promotion TV debut moved back three weeks|date=2014-09-22|access-date=2014-09-23|work=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] t6ctyo4peywdo36bidjntnf84sejvew 0 246242 1589902 2026-08-21T12:09:58Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jennifer Forgie''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]], ambaye mara nyingi hutajwa kwa jina la '''Jenn Forgie'''.<ref name="btva">{{cite web|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Jenn-Forgie/|title=Jenn Forgie (visual voices guide)|website=behindthevoiceactors.com|access-date=April 11, 2024|type= A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their r...' 1589902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jennifer Forgie''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]], ambaye mara nyingi hutajwa kwa jina la '''Jenn Forgie'''.<ref name="btva">{{cite web|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Jenn-Forgie/|title=Jenn Forgie (visual voices guide)|website=behindthevoiceactors.com|access-date=April 11, 2024|type= A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] lzqn3m3xonfj73m13h6j62dkp7wpont 0 246243 1589903 2026-08-21T12:15:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Uğur Şahin''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 19]], [[1965]]) ni mtafiti wa matibabu, [[mjasiriamali]], na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''BioNTech'', ambayo ilitengeneza chanjo ya kwanza ya mRNA duniani dhidi ya [[COVID-19]]. Pia anahudumu kama mwenyekiti wa bodi ya usimamizi wa kisayansi ya ''Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON)'', maabara ya utafiti wa biopharmaceuti...' 1589903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uğur Şahin''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 19]], [[1965]]) ni mtafiti wa matibabu, [[mjasiriamali]], na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''BioNTech'', ambayo ilitengeneza chanjo ya kwanza ya mRNA duniani dhidi ya [[COVID-19]]. Pia anahudumu kama mwenyekiti wa bodi ya usimamizi wa kisayansi ya ''Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON)'', maabara ya utafiti wa biopharmaceutical ya kisasa yenye makao yake [[Mainz]] ambayo alisaidia kuanzisha mwaka [[2018]]. Yeye ni mvumbuzi mwenza wa zaidi ya maombi 500 ya hati miliki. Maeneo yake makuu ya utafiti ni utafiti wa saratani na immunolojia<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 April 2020|title=Über zwei Wissenschaftler, die nicht nur Hoffnung gegen das Virus machen|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel Online|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/wir-sind-impfstoff-ueber-zwei-wissenschaftler-die-nicht-nur-hoffnung-gegen-das-virus-machen/25771136.html|access-date=2021-09-17|publisher=[[Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|quote=Beide sind Kinder türkischer Einwanderer, deutsche Staatsbürger und weltweit angesehene Wissenschaftler. ''[Both are children of Turkish immigrants, German citizens, and internationally respected scientists]''|last1=Akyün|first1=Hatice}}</ref>. Familia ya Şahin, asili yake ni kutoka [[Uturuki]], ilihamia Ujerumani alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minne. Alikulia [[Cologne]] na alisoma udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cologne, akimalizia tasnifu ya udaktari huko katika immunotherapy ya saratani. Awali alibaki katika taaluma, katika huduma ya wagonjwa kama daktari wa oncohematology na kufanya utafiti katika hospitali za chuo kikuu huko Saarland na Zürich. Alianzisha kikundi cha utafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mainz mwaka [[2000]] na akawa profesa wa onkolojia ya majaribio mwaka [[2006]]<ref name="netw">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/ugur-sahin/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Ugur Sahin |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |access-date=21 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Hatice Akyün|date=26 April 2020|title="Wir sind Impfstoff": Über zwei Wissenschaftler, die nicht nur Hoffnung gegen das Virus machen.|language=de|trans-title="We are vaccine": Two Scientists give hope, and not just against the virus|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/wir-sind-impfstoff-ueber-zwei-wissenschaftler-die-nicht-nur-hoffnung-gegen-das-virus-machen/25771136.html|access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Ugur Sahin, M.D.: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg |url=https://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/climate-change-and-pandemics/speaker/keynote-speakers/standard-titel |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2001]], huku akihifadhi nafasi yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mainz, Şahin alianza kujihusisha na shughuli za ujasiriamali, akianzisha makampuni mawili ya dawa, mwaka [[2001]] na [[2008]], na mke wake [[Özlem Türeci]] . Kampuni ya pili kati ya hizi, BioNTech, pamoja na Pfizer Inc, ilitengeneza moja ya chanjo kuu zilizotumika kupambana na janga la COVID-19 mwaka [[2020]]. Kutokana na ongezeko la thamani ya kampuni, Şahin na Türeci wakawa Wajerumani wa kwanza wenye asili ya Uturuki kati ya watu 100 tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref>{{cite news|author=Johannes Göbel|date=26 March 2015|title=Erfolgreiches "Mainzer Modell"|language=de|trans-title=Successful Mainz Model|website=Deutschland-Portal|publisher=Fazit Communication, German Federal Foreign Office|url=https://www.deutschland.de/de/topic/wissen/universitaet-forschung/erfolgreiches-mainzer-modell|access-date=26 October 2020}} The awards are to be given to them by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at Bellevue Palace, the presidential residence on 19 March.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cyobvlxxdlhnlz26jg1gj7u6wkht6hk 1590013 1589903 2026-08-21T18:42:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1590013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uğur Şahin''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 19]], [[1965]]) ni mtafiti wa matibabu, [[mjasiriamali]], na [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''BioNTech'', ambayo ilitengeneza chanjo ya kwanza ya mRNA duniani dhidi ya [[COVID-19]]. Pia anahudumu kama mwenyekiti wa bodi ya usimamizi wa kisayansi ya ''Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON)'', maabara ya utafiti wa biopharmaceutical ya kisasa yenye makao yake [[Mainz]] ambayo alisaidia kuanzisha mwaka [[2018]]. Yeye ni mvumbuzi mwenza wa zaidi ya maombi 500 ya hati miliki. Maeneo yake makuu ya utafiti ni utafiti wa saratani na immunolojia<ref>{{Rejea habari|date=26 April 2020|title=Über zwei Wissenschaftler, die nicht nur Hoffnung gegen das Virus machen|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel Online|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/wir-sind-impfstoff-ueber-zwei-wissenschaftler-die-nicht-nur-hoffnung-gegen-das-virus-machen/25771136.html|access-date=2021-09-17|publisher=[[Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|quote=Beide sind Kinder türkischer Einwanderer, deutsche Staatsbürger und weltweit angesehene Wissenschaftler. ''[Both are children of Turkish immigrants, German citizens, and internationally respected scientists]''|last1=Akyün|first1=Hatice}}</ref>. Familia ya Şahin, asili yake ni kutoka [[Uturuki]], ilihamia Ujerumani alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minne. Alikulia [[Cologne]] na alisoma udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cologne, akimalizia tasnifu ya udaktari huko katika immunotherapy ya saratani. Awali alibaki katika taaluma, katika huduma ya wagonjwa kama daktari wa oncohematology na kufanya utafiti katika hospitali za chuo kikuu huko Saarland na Zürich. Alianzisha kikundi cha utafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mainz mwaka [[2000]] na akawa profesa wa onkolojia ya majaribio mwaka [[2006]]<ref name="netw">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/ugur-sahin/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Ugur Sahin |work=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |access-date=21 June 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Hatice Akyün|date=26 April 2020|title="Wir sind Impfstoff": Über zwei Wissenschaftler, die nicht nur Hoffnung gegen das Virus machen.|language=de|trans-title="We are vaccine": Two Scientists give hope, and not just against the virus|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/wir-sind-impfstoff-ueber-zwei-wissenschaftler-die-nicht-nur-hoffnung-gegen-das-virus-machen/25771136.html|access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Prof. Ugur Sahin, M.D.: Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg |url=https://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/climate-change-and-pandemics/speaker/keynote-speakers/standard-titel |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2001]], huku akihifadhi nafasi yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mainz, Şahin alianza kujihusisha na shughuli za ujasiriamali, akianzisha makampuni mawili ya dawa, mwaka [[2001]] na [[2008]], na mke wake [[Özlem Türeci]] . Kampuni ya pili kati ya hizi, BioNTech, pamoja na Pfizer Inc, ilitengeneza moja ya chanjo kuu zilizotumika kupambana na janga la COVID-19 mwaka [[2020]]. Kutokana na ongezeko la thamani ya kampuni, Şahin na Türeci wakawa Wajerumani wa kwanza wenye asili ya Uturuki kati ya watu 100 tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani<ref>{{cite news|author=Johannes Göbel|date=26 March 2015|title=Erfolgreiches "Mainzer Modell"|language=de|trans-title=Successful Mainz Model|website=Deutschland-Portal|publisher=Fazit Communication, German Federal Foreign Office|url=https://www.deutschland.de/de/topic/wissen/universitaet-forschung/erfolgreiches-mainzer-modell|access-date=26 October 2020}} The awards are to be given to them by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at Bellevue Palace, the presidential residence on 19 March.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9omah50kpftgb3ci50wdveyob4uxvn0 0 246244 1589905 2026-08-21T12:21:27Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Heinrich Otto Deichmann''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 30]], [[1962]] huko Essen, Ujerumani Magharibi) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa biashara ya familia ''Heinrich Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH'' nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-03|title=Spotlight Europe|url=https://spotlighteurope.eu/authors/heinrich-deichmann/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=spotlighteurope.eu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index...' 1589905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heinrich Otto Deichmann''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 30]], [[1962]] huko Essen, Ujerumani Magharibi) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa biashara ya familia ''Heinrich Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH'' nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-03|title=Spotlight Europe|url=https://spotlighteurope.eu/authors/heinrich-deichmann/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=spotlighteurope.eu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/heinrich-deichmann/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Deichmann alizaliwa kwa Heinz-Horst na Ruth Deichmann, mwana pekee katika familia ya ndugu wanne. Baada ya kumaliza shule ya upili mwaka [[1982]], Heinrich Otto alisoma usimamizi wa biashara, sayansi ya kihistoria, falsafa na theolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cologne<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/heinrich-deichmann/|title=Heinrich Deichmann & family|author=Steve Andriole|work=Forbes}}</ref>. Baba yake Heinz-Horst Deichmann, ambaye alikuwa daktari na mjasiriamali huko Essen, Ujerumani, alianzisha ''Heinrich Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH''. Kampuni hiyo inarudi nyuma hadi mwaka [[1913]] wakati mababu wa familia ya Deichmann walipofungua duka la viatu liitwalo Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH huko [[Essen]]. Kuanzia mwaka [[1989]] hadi [[1999]], alianza kama mkurugenzi mkuu katika kampuni ya familia na akawa mwenyekiti wa bodi alipochukua nafasi mwaka [[1999]] kutoka kwa baba yake, ambaye alifariki Oktoba [[2014]]. Kampuni hiyo sasa ni muuzaji anayeongoza wa viatu [[Ulaya]]. Inaendesha maduka 3,600 katika nchi 24, ikiwemo msururu wa ''Rack Room Shoes'' na ''Off Broadway'' nchini [[Marekani]]. Deichmann ni mmoja wa Wajerumani tajiri zaidi akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kufikia Machi [[2017]] kuwa dola bilioni 7.7<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wiwo.de/koepfe-der-wirtschaft/heinrich-deichmann/5287790.html|title=Heinrich Deichmann|work=wiwo.de|access-date=2015-08-03|archive-date=2015-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707100511/http://www.wiwo.de/koepfe-der-wirtschaft/heinrich-deichmann/5287790.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dcx6cxji72befeu3258i6xe601aykxq 1589940 1589905 2026-08-21T13:53:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heinrich Otto Deichmann''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 30]], [[1962]] huko Essen, Ujerumani Magharibi) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa biashara ya familia ''Heinrich Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH'' nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2014-11-03|title=Spotlight Europe|url=https://spotlighteurope.eu/authors/heinrich-deichmann/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=spotlighteurope.eu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/heinrich-deichmann/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>. == Maisha na Kazi == Deichmann alizaliwa kwa Heinz-Horst na Ruth Deichmann, mwana pekee katika familia ya ndugu wanne. Baada ya kumaliza shule ya upili mwaka [[1982]], Heinrich Otto alisoma usimamizi wa biashara, sayansi ya kihistoria, falsafa na theolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cologne<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/heinrich-deichmann/|title=Heinrich Deichmann & family|author=Steve Andriole|work=Forbes}}</ref>. Baba yake Heinz-Horst Deichmann, ambaye alikuwa daktari na mjasiriamali huko Essen, Ujerumani, alianzisha ''Heinrich Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH''. Kampuni hiyo inarudi nyuma hadi mwaka [[1913]] wakati mababu wa familia ya Deichmann walipofungua duka la viatu liitwalo Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH huko [[Essen]]. Kuanzia mwaka [[1989]] hadi [[1999]], alianza kama mkurugenzi mkuu katika kampuni ya familia na akawa mwenyekiti wa bodi alipochukua nafasi mwaka [[1999]] kutoka kwa baba yake, ambaye alifariki Oktoba [[2014]]. Kampuni hiyo sasa ni muuzaji anayeongoza wa viatu [[Ulaya]]. Inaendesha maduka 3,600 katika nchi 24, ikiwemo msururu wa ''Rack Room Shoes'' na ''Off Broadway'' nchini [[Marekani]]. Deichmann ni mmoja wa Wajerumani tajiri zaidi akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kufikia Machi [[2017]] kuwa dola bilioni 7.7<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wiwo.de/koepfe-der-wirtschaft/heinrich-deichmann/5287790.html|title=Heinrich Deichmann|work=wiwo.de|access-date=2015-08-03|archive-date=2015-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707100511/http://www.wiwo.de/koepfe-der-wirtschaft/heinrich-deichmann/5287790.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8ifhmrl0qes5bfgfev6nh1pn53qs10e 0 246245 1589907 2026-08-21T12:26:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Armin-Dassler-Salzburg.jpg|thumb|Dassler akiwa [[Salzburg]] pamoja na wanawe wawili wa kiume.]] '''Armin Dassler''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 15]], [[1929]] – Alifariki [[Oktoba 10]], [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwana wa [[Rudolf Dassler]], mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya mavazi ya michezo ''Puma'' na mpwa wa mwanzilishi wa [[Adidas]], [[Adolf Dassler]]<ref>{{cite news|title= A tale of three stripes and family strife|wo...' 1589907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Armin-Dassler-Salzburg.jpg|thumb|Dassler akiwa [[Salzburg]] pamoja na wanawe wawili wa kiume.]] '''Armin Dassler''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 15]], [[1929]] – Alifariki [[Oktoba 10]], [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwana wa [[Rudolf Dassler]], mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya mavazi ya michezo ''Puma'' na mpwa wa mwanzilishi wa [[Adidas]], [[Adolf Dassler]]<ref>{{cite news|title= A tale of three stripes and family strife|work= [[ESPN]]|url= http://www.espnfc.com/print?id=621988&type=story|access-date=2014-05-26}}</ref>. Dassler alipanua Puma kutoka kampuni ndogo ya mkoa hadi biashara kubwa ya kimataifa<ref>{{cite news|title= ADIDAS, THE SPORT SHOE GIANT, IS ADAPTING TO NEW DEMANDS|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 3 September 1984|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/03/business/adidas-the-sport-shoe-giant-is-adapting-to-new-demands.html|access-date=2014-05-26|last1= Tagliabue|first1= John}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= ADIDAS, PUMA: THE BAVARIAN SHOEMAKERS; HERZOGENAURACH, West Germany|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 15 February 1981|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/15/business/adidas-puma-the-bavarian-shoemakers-herzogenaurach-west-germany.html|access-date=2014-05-26|last1= Tagliabue|first1= John}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] p05q78tg55ycts0cm40jylxoxx6fmdw 1590261 1589907 2026-08-22T09:17:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Armin-Dassler-Salzburg.jpg|thumb|Dassler akiwa [[Salzburg]] pamoja na wanawe wawili wa kiume.]] '''Armin Dassler''' ([[Machi 15]], [[1929]] – [[Oktoba 10]], [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwana wa [[Rudolf Dassler]], mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya mavazi ya michezo ''Puma'' na mpwa wa mwanzilishi wa [[Adidas]], [[Adolf Dassler]]<ref>{{cite news|title= A tale of three stripes and family strife|work= [[ESPN]]|url= http://www.espnfc.com/print?id=621988&type=story|access-date=2014-05-26}}</ref>. Dassler alipanua Puma kutoka kampuni ndogo ya mkoa hadi biashara kubwa ya kimataifa<ref>{{cite news|title= ADIDAS, THE SPORT SHOE GIANT, IS ADAPTING TO NEW DEMANDS|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 3 September 1984|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/03/business/adidas-the-sport-shoe-giant-is-adapting-to-new-demands.html|access-date=2014-05-26|last1= Tagliabue|first1= John}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= ADIDAS, PUMA: THE BAVARIAN SHOEMAKERS; HERZOGENAURACH, West Germany|work= [[The New York Times]]|date= 15 February 1981|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/15/business/adidas-puma-the-bavarian-shoemakers-herzogenaurach-west-germany.html|access-date=2014-05-26|last1= Tagliabue|first1= John}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] 7iojolwphx6cnchykqbe9r1feh6c1l7 0 246246 1589910 2026-08-21T12:29:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Maria Braun''' (Alizaliwa [[Julai 3]], [[1979]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na wakili bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbraun.de/de/unternehmen/organisation-zahlen-und-fakten/geschaeftsbericht-2018.html |title=Geschäftsbericht 2018 |accessdate=17 November 2020|language=German}}</ref>. Tangu mwaka [[2019]], amekuwa akisimamia biashara ya familia ''B. Braun'' katika kizazi cha sita kama afisa mkuu mtendaji. Anamiliki asilimia...' 1589910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Maria Braun''' (Alizaliwa [[Julai 3]], [[1979]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na wakili bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbraun.de/de/unternehmen/organisation-zahlen-und-fakten/geschaeftsbericht-2018.html |title=Geschäftsbericht 2018 |accessdate=17 November 2020|language=German}}</ref>. Tangu mwaka [[2019]], amekuwa akisimamia biashara ya familia ''B. Braun'' katika kizazi cha sita kama afisa mkuu mtendaji. Anamiliki asilimia 10 ya hisa za kampuni<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Anna Maria Braun|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/anna-maria-braun/|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1vj9uk5pvk92g9bitrdr3aqnq03bpsr 0 246247 1589911 2026-08-21T12:34:37Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ezra Franky''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Lucy katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya [[Netflix]] ''Untamed (TV series)|Untamed''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Who is Ezra Franky, who plays Lucy Cook in Netflix's Untamed? The indigenous singer-songwriter, actress and filmmaker hails from Vancouver – and she just released her first album, Acoustish |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/peopl...' 1589911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezra Franky''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Lucy katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya [[Netflix]] ''Untamed (TV series)|Untamed''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Who is Ezra Franky, who plays Lucy Cook in Netflix's Untamed? The indigenous singer-songwriter, actress and filmmaker hails from Vancouver – and she just released her first album, Acoustish |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/people/celebrities/article/3318995/who-ezra-franky-who-plays-lucy-cook-netflixs-untamed-indigenous-singer-songwriter-actress-and |access-date=December 7, 2025 |website=scmp.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview: Ezra Franky discusses the themes of Netflix hit 'Untamed'|url=https://entertainment-focus.com/2025/08/14/interview-ezra-franky-discusses-the-themes-of-netflix-hit-untamed/|website=entertainment-focus.com|access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ezra Franky Talks About Her Film School Experience And Hopes For “Untamed” Season 2|url=https://newscenemagazine.com/2025/07/ezra-franky-talks-about-her-film-school-experience-and-hopes-for-untamed-season-2/|website=newscenemagazine.com|access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3lidkic0nx59zg73chg57a1a2bvs9lk 1589929 1589911 2026-08-21T13:28:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezra Franky''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Lucy katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya [[Netflix]] ''Untamed (TV series)|Untamed''.<ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Who is Ezra Franky, who plays Lucy Cook in Netflix's Untamed? The indigenous singer-songwriter, actress and filmmaker hails from Vancouver – and she just released her first album, Acoustish |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/people/celebrities/article/3318995/who-ezra-franky-who-plays-lucy-cook-netflixs-untamed-indigenous-singer-songwriter-actress-and |access-date=December 7, 2025 |website=scmp.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Interview: Ezra Franky discusses the themes of Netflix hit 'Untamed'|url=https://entertainment-focus.com/2025/08/14/interview-ezra-franky-discusses-the-themes-of-netflix-hit-untamed/|website=entertainment-focus.com|access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ezra Franky Talks About Her Film School Experience And Hopes For “Untamed” Season 2|url=https://newscenemagazine.com/2025/07/ezra-franky-talks-about-her-film-school-experience-and-hopes-for-untamed-season-2/|website=newscenemagazine.com|access-date=December 6, 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] q4xtb7e26gabyhzb7i5ah93n15z2plm 0 246248 1589913 2026-08-21T12:38:50Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nisha Ganatra''' (alizaliwa [[25 Juni]], [[1974]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Joanne Latimer, Dustin Dinoff, Marise Strauss, & Laura Bracken|date=2004|title=Playback's 10 to Watch: Canada's Hottest Up-and-Coming Directors, Actors and Writers|journal=Playback: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal.|volume=18| issue = 21|pages=1}}</ref> ni mkurugenzi wa filamu, [[mwandishi]] wa filamu, mtayarishaji na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]]...' 1589913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nisha Ganatra''' (alizaliwa [[25 Juni]], [[1974]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Joanne Latimer, Dustin Dinoff, Marise Strauss, & Laura Bracken|date=2004|title=Playback's 10 to Watch: Canada's Hottest Up-and-Coming Directors, Actors and Writers|journal=Playback: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal.|volume=18| issue = 21|pages=1}}</ref> ni mkurugenzi wa filamu, [[mwandishi]] wa filamu, mtayarishaji na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Kihindi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nisha Ganatra|url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/nisha-ganatra|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/freaky-friday-2-lindsay-lohan-jamie-lee-curtis-2-1235863059/|title='Freaky Friday 2' Is A Go With 'Welcome to Chippendales' Director (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 29, 2024|access-date=March 29, 2024}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] jaxpwymnic8spw02ez4gng6dlxbtd93 1589992 1589913 2026-08-21T17:09:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nisha Ganatra''' (alizaliwa [[25 Juni]], [[1974]])<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Joanne Latimer, Dustin Dinoff, Marise Strauss, & Laura Bracken|date=2004|title=Playback's 10 to Watch: Canada's Hottest Up-and-Coming Directors, Actors and Writers|journal=Playback: Canada's Broadcast and Production Journal.|volume=18| issue = 21|pages=1}}</ref> ni mkurugenzi wa filamu, [[mwandishi]] wa filamu, mtayarishaji na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] - [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Kihindi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nisha Ganatra|url=https://www.emmys.com/bios/nisha-ganatra|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Television Academy|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/freaky-friday-2-lindsay-lohan-jamie-lee-curtis-2-1235863059/|title='Freaky Friday 2' Is A Go With 'Welcome to Chippendales' Director (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=March 29, 2024|access-date=March 29, 2024}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] bxdgvnasskhlk0kwxakbmrfqpjd6npz 0 246249 1589914 2026-08-21T12:42:04Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tanja Reichert''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]], [[1980]]) ni [[Mkanada]] mstaafu [[mwigizaji]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZxODwAAQBAJ&dq=Karen+relic+hunter&pg=PA160 | title=Television Series of the 1990s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details | first=Vincent | last=Terrace | year=2018 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers | isbn=9781538103784 | page=160 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1980...' 1589914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tanja Reichert''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]], [[1980]]) ni [[Mkanada]] mstaafu [[mwigizaji]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZxODwAAQBAJ&dq=Karen+relic+hunter&pg=PA160 | title=Television Series of the 1990s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details | first=Vincent | last=Terrace | year=2018 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers | isbn=9781538103784 | page=160 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] tealb0g7t7wi3rt1kzgnyc20zd26vts 1590262 1589914 2026-08-22T09:18:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tanja Reichert''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[1980]]) ni [[Mkanada]] [[mwigizaji]] mstaafu .<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZxODwAAQBAJ&dq=Karen+relic+hunter&pg=PA160 | title=Television Series of the 1990s: Essential Facts and Quirky Details | first=Vincent | last=Terrace | year=2018 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers | isbn=9781538103784 | page=160 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6ub8crnp27t31uj0vofgaq2h7jav6fy 0 246250 1589915 2026-08-21T12:46:10Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Merrilyn Gann''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1948]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani, filamu na televisheni kutoka [[Kanada]]. Katika jukwaa, alianzisha kampuni ya ukumbi wa michezo huko Edmonton na ametumbuiza mara nyingi katika Shaw Festival huko Niagara-on-the-Lake na Bard on the Beach huko Vancouver. Katika televisheni, alicheza nafasi ya meya wa mji katika misimu yote minne ya The WB ya ''Everwood''. ==Maisha binafsi== Gann alizaliwa mwaka 1948 huko Vancouv...' 1589915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merrilyn Gann''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1948]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani, filamu na televisheni kutoka [[Kanada]]. Katika jukwaa, alianzisha kampuni ya ukumbi wa michezo huko Edmonton na ametumbuiza mara nyingi katika Shaw Festival huko Niagara-on-the-Lake na Bard on the Beach huko Vancouver. Katika televisheni, alicheza nafasi ya meya wa mji katika misimu yote minne ya The WB ya ''Everwood''. ==Maisha binafsi== Gann alizaliwa mwaka 1948 huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref name="chinup">{{cite news |title=Chin up–for reason |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-province-chin-upfor-reason/197327325/ |work=The Province |date=16 August 1967 |pages=30}}</ref><ref name="leblanc">{{cite news |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Don |title=PEI Girl is Miss Canada |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/telegraph-journal-pei-girl-is-miss-canad/197326726/ |work=Telegraph-Journal |date=15 November 1967 |pages=7}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1948|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] o25wv3kfvw50f32kjtt6o523re5zfuv 0 246251 1589916 2026-08-21T12:49:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carrie Genzel''' (alizaliwa [[18 Septemba]], [[1971]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtayarishaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]].<ref name="toKK">(9 August 2007). [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/flash-gordon-space-filler-article-1.237743 "'Flash Gordon' more than space filler"]. New York Daily News. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</ref><ref name="toKK2">Cristina Kinon (15 April 2008). [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/flavor-month-arti...' 1589916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carrie Genzel''' (alizaliwa [[18 Septemba]], [[1971]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtayarishaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]].<ref name="toKK">(9 August 2007). [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/flash-gordon-space-filler-article-1.237743 "'Flash Gordon' more than space filler"]. New York Daily News. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</ref><ref name="toKK2">Cristina Kinon (15 April 2008). [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/flavor-month-article-1.283216 "'More than Flavor of the Month'"]. New York Daily News. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</ref><ref name="toKK4">(30 June 2008). [http://pinevalleybulletin.com/Features/InterviewGenzel.html "'Carrie Genzel Interview'"]. The Pine Valley Bulletin. Retrieved 30 September 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hollywood Movie Actress Carrie Genzel Biography, News, Photos, Videos|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/english/movie-actress/carrie-genzel|access-date=2021-07-26|website=nettv4u|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] t5608rajpkwltrxwmnq9lyptahp89le 0 246252 1589917 2026-08-21T12:54:38Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bernard Broermann''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 20]], [[1943]] – Alifariki [[Februari 25]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alikuwa mwanzilishi wa ''Asklepios Kliniken'', mmoja wa waendeshaji wakubwa wa hospitali za kibinafsi nchini Ujerumani. Inaajiri zaidi ya watu 68,000, na inamiliki vituo 170 vya afya duniani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Trauer: Asklepios-Gründer große Broermann verstorben...' 1589917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Broermann''' (Alizaliwa [[Novemba 20]], [[1943]] – Alifariki [[Februari 25]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alikuwa mwanzilishi wa ''Asklepios Kliniken'', mmoja wa waendeshaji wakubwa wa hospitali za kibinafsi nchini Ujerumani. Inaajiri zaidi ya watu 68,000, na inamiliki vituo 170 vya afya duniani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Trauer: Asklepios-Gründer große Broermann verstorben |url=https://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article250304900/Trauer-Asklepios-Gruender-grosse-Broermann-verstorben.html |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=[[Die Welt]] |language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] ac8iycdgo2x7qljv01xzuc2wpkhcslk 1590264 1589917 2026-08-22T09:19:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Broermann''' ([[Novemba 20]], [[1943]] – [[Februari 25]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alikuwa mwanzilishi wa ''Asklepios Kliniken'', mmoja wa waendeshaji wakubwa wa hospitali za kibinafsi nchini Ujerumani. Inaajiri zaidi ya watu 68,000, na inamiliki vituo 170 vya afya duniani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Trauer: Asklepios-Gründer große Broermann verstorben |url=https://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article250304900/Trauer-Asklepios-Gruender-grosse-Broermann-verstorben.html |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=[[Die Welt]] |language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] jg2p68nl4wj214i8dpwywhjf4aet5rn 0 246253 1589920 2026-08-21T12:57:55Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thea Louise Gill''' (amezaliwa [[5 Aprili]], [[1970]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kuu kama Lindsay Peterson katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa Showtime (TV network)|Showtime ''Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.timescolonist.com/entertainment/gaslight-role-is-the-right-fit-for-thea-gill-1.1454826 |title=Gaslight role is the right fit for Thea Gill |first= Adrian|last=C...' 1589920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thea Louise Gill''' (amezaliwa [[5 Aprili]], [[1970]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kuu kama Lindsay Peterson katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa Showtime (TV network)|Showtime ''Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.timescolonist.com/entertainment/gaslight-role-is-the-right-fit-for-thea-gill-1.1454826 |title=Gaslight role is the right fit for Thea Gill |first= Adrian|last=Chamberlain|work=timescolonist.com |date=October 23, 2014|accessdate=August 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>Guarino, David (May 12, 2004), [http://outlineschicago.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=4968 With Honors: Queer As Folk's Thea Gill], ''Windy City Times''. Retrieved February 12, 2013.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0537mhll65smjo51t38iq3clh55k7u9 0 246254 1589921 2026-08-21T12:59:00Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Hubert Burda (2011).jpg|thumb| Burda mnamo 2011]] \'''Hubert Burda''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 9]], [[1940]]) ni mchapishaji bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mmiliki, mchapishaji na msaidizi mkuu wa ''Hubert Burda Media'', kampuni ya kimataifa ya media yenye bidhaa za media zaidi ya 600, ikiwemo tovuti, majarida ya kuchapishwa na chapa nyingine. Inafanya kazi katika nchi 20, hasa nchini Ujerumani na [[Uingereza]]. Chapa zake zinajumuisha ''Focus...' 1589921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Hubert Burda (2011).jpg|thumb| Burda mnamo 2011]] \'''Hubert Burda''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 9]], [[1940]]) ni mchapishaji bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mmiliki, mchapishaji na msaidizi mkuu wa ''Hubert Burda Media'', kampuni ya kimataifa ya media yenye bidhaa za media zaidi ya 600, ikiwemo tovuti, majarida ya kuchapishwa na chapa nyingine. Inafanya kazi katika nchi 20, hasa nchini Ujerumani na [[Uingereza]]. Chapa zake zinajumuisha ''Focus'', ''Bunte'' na ''Radio Times''. Burda ni mwenyekiti wa mkutano wa ''Digital Life Design (DLD)'', unaofanyika kila mwaka Januari huko [[Munich]]. Kufikia Julai [[2025]], ''Forbes'' anakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 4.<ref>[http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/burda.html Hubert Burda], edge.org</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/hubert-burda/|title=Forbes profile: Hubert Burda|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=31 July 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7ugs28ymp4484gjoedowq28qkv9egil 1589945 1589921 2026-08-21T14:01:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Hubert Burda (2011).jpg|thumb| Burda mnamo 2011]] \'''Hubert Burda''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 9]], [[1940]]) ni mchapishaji bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Yeye ni mmiliki, mchapishaji na msaidizi mkuu wa ''Hubert Burda Media'', kampuni ya kimataifa ya media yenye bidhaa za media zaidi ya 600, ikiwemo tovuti, majarida ya kuchapishwa na chapa nyingine. Inafanya kazi katika nchi 20, hasa nchini Ujerumani na [[Uingereza]]. Chapa zake zinajumuisha ''Focus'', ''Bunte'' na ''Radio Times''. Burda ni mwenyekiti wa mkutano wa ''Digital Life Design (DLD)'', unaofanyika kila mwaka Januari huko [[Munich]]. Kufikia Julai [[2025]], ''Forbes'' anakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 4.<ref>[http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/burda.html Hubert Burda], edge.org</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/hubert-burda/|title=Forbes profile: Hubert Burda|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=31 July 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] i7hpuubey5tgfx3o4zyn9d1zsw854ue 0 246255 1589923 2026-08-21T13:03:01Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sarah Goldberg''' (amezaliwa [[31 Mei]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama mwigizaji anayehangaika Sally Reed katika mfululizo wa HBO wa vichekesho vya kuhuzunisha na uhalifu ''Barry (TV series)|Barry'' (2018–2023), uliompatia uteuzi wa Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Pia alianzisha nafasi mbili za Betsey/Lindsey katika utayarishaji wa Royal Court Theatre wa ''C...' 1589923 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Goldberg''' (amezaliwa [[31 Mei]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama mwigizaji anayehangaika Sally Reed katika mfululizo wa HBO wa vichekesho vya kuhuzunisha na uhalifu ''Barry (TV series)|Barry'' (2018–2023), uliompatia uteuzi wa Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Pia alianzisha nafasi mbili za Betsey/Lindsey katika utayarishaji wa Royal Court Theatre wa ''Clybourne Park'', ambao ulimpatia uteuzi wa Olivier Award ya mwaka 2011, na baadaye akaigiza nafasi hiyo kwenye Broadway theatre. ==Maisha ya awali== Goldberg alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Kiyahudi]] huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Mei 31, 1985.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.jweekly.com/2018/03/25/zach-braffs-new-show-camp-ramah-goldbergs-judd-apatows-new-gary-shandling-doc/ |title=Celebrity Jews: Zach Braff's new show; Camp Ramah on 'Goldbergs'; Judd Apatow's new Gary Shandling doc |last=Bloom |first=Nate |authorlink=Nate Bloom |date=March 25, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Jewish News of Northern California]] |accessdate=May 29, 2019 |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710054937/https://www.jweekly.com/2018/03/25/zach-braffs-new-show-camp-ramah-goldbergs-judd-apatows-new-gary-shandling-doc/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="gossamer">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.gossamer.co/articles/sarah-goldberg |title=Sarah Goldberg: The Barry star on being down and out in London, lucky breaks, and the uniquely American pressure to be famous |date=2019 |magazine=Gossamer |volume=2 |access-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529120038/https://www.gossamer.co/articles/sarah-goldberg |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] kkxrqxbebpkrs43wgzmp83v6kffy3mw 1590007 1589923 2026-08-21T17:55:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590007 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Goldberg''' (amezaliwa [[31 Mei]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama mwigizaji anayehangaika Sally Reed katika mfululizo wa HBO wa vichekesho vya kuhuzunisha na uhalifu ''Barry (TV series)|Barry'' (2018–2023), uliompatia uteuzi wa Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Pia alianzisha nafasi mbili za Betsey/Lindsey katika utayarishaji wa Royal Court Theatre wa ''Clybourne Park'', ambao ulimpatia uteuzi wa Olivier Award ya mwaka 2011, na baadaye akaigiza nafasi hiyo kwenye Broadway theatre. ==Maisha ya awali== Goldberg alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Kiyahudi]] huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Mei 31, 1985.<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.jweekly.com/2018/03/25/zach-braffs-new-show-camp-ramah-goldbergs-judd-apatows-new-gary-shandling-doc/ |title=Celebrity Jews: Zach Braff's new show; Camp Ramah on 'Goldbergs'; Judd Apatow's new Gary Shandling doc |last=Bloom |first=Nate |authorlink=Nate Bloom |date=March 25, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Jewish News of Northern California]] |accessdate=May 29, 2019 |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710054937/https://www.jweekly.com/2018/03/25/zach-braffs-new-show-camp-ramah-goldbergs-judd-apatows-new-gary-shandling-doc/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="gossamer">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.gossamer.co/articles/sarah-goldberg |title=Sarah Goldberg: The Barry star on being down and out in London, lucky breaks, and the uniquely American pressure to be famous |date=2019 |magazine=Gossamer |volume=2 |access-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529120038/https://www.gossamer.co/articles/sarah-goldberg |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ddmc89j48wkp3zt2knr3ac2imb0yxhp 0 246256 1589925 2026-08-21T13:11:08Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Medina Hahn''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kanada]] anayeishi [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi mwenza, pamoja na Darrell Dennis na Daniel Arnold (actor), wa ''Inheritance: a pick-the-path experience'', tamthilia ya jukwaani iliyoorodheshwa katika orodha fupi ya Tuzo ya Gavana Mkuu kwa Tamthilia ya Lugha ya [[Kiingereza]]. katika 2022 Tuzo za Gavana Mkuu.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-finalists-for-the-...' 1589925 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Medina Hahn''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kanada]] anayeishi [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi mwenza, pamoja na Darrell Dennis na Daniel Arnold (actor), wa ''Inheritance: a pick-the-path experience'', tamthilia ya jukwaani iliyoorodheshwa katika orodha fupi ya Tuzo ya Gavana Mkuu kwa Tamthilia ya Lugha ya [[Kiingereza]]. katika 2022 Tuzo za Gavana Mkuu.<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/books/the-finalists-for-the-2022-governor-general-s-literary-award-for-drama-1.6612921 "The finalists for the 2022 Governor General's Literary Award for drama"]. [[CBC Books]], October 12, 2022.</ref> <ref>Janet Smith, [https://www.straight.com/arts/1369696/inheritance-pick-path-experience-digs-land-claims-and-entitlement-engaging-new-ways "Inheritance: a pick-the-path experience digs into land claims and entitlement in engaging new ways"]. ''[[The Georgia Straight]]'', March 7, 2020.</ref><ref>Bruce Deachman, "P.E.I. play is the hit of Alberta Series". ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', April 28, 2005.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] pjikbpv7865697f6yegjeyowrle3qtu 0 246257 1589926 2026-08-21T13:14:42Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Natasha Hall''' (alizaliwa [[5 Agosti]], [[1991]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na mkurugenzi wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya mara kwa mara kama Yvette katika mfululizo wa vichekesho-drama wa [[Netflix]] ''The Kominsky Method'' (2018–2021) na kwa nafasi yake kama Madison katika filamu ya vichekesho vya vitendo ya mwaka 2018 ''Game Night (film)''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natasha Hall |url=https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/talent-rost...' 1589926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natasha Hall''' (alizaliwa [[5 Agosti]], [[1991]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na mkurugenzi wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya mara kwa mara kama Yvette katika mfululizo wa vichekesho-drama wa [[Netflix]] ''The Kominsky Method'' (2018–2021) na kwa nafasi yake kama Madison katika filamu ya vichekesho vya vitendo ya mwaka 2018 ''Game Night (film)''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natasha Hall |url=https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/talent-roster/natasha-hall/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=MN2S |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Natasha Hall |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/natasha-hall/3000909689/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=STAFF |url=https://www.playhousewest.com/staff-los-angeles |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Playhouse West |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] a8dp30t2bxji8oit6b62l7do02poxdz 1589991 1589926 2026-08-21T17:03:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natasha Hall''' (alizaliwa [[5 Agosti]], [[1991]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na mkurugenzi wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya mara kwa mara kama Yvette katika mfululizo wa vichekesho-drama wa [[Netflix]] ''The Kominsky Method'' (2018–2021) na kwa nafasi yake kama Madison katika filamu ya vichekesho vya vitendo ya mwaka 2018 ''Game Night (film)''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Natasha Hall |url=https://mn2s.com/booking-agency/talent-roster/natasha-hall/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=MN2S |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Natasha Hall |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/natasha-hall/3000909689/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=STAFF |url=https://www.playhousewest.com/staff-los-angeles |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Playhouse West |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] gdifv03ril6ykijwgcz90q72g3hym3o 0 246258 1589927 2026-08-21T13:18:51Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Meredith Hama-Brown''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana kwa filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu kamili, ''Seagrass (film)|Seagrass'', ambayo ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika mpango wa Discovery wa Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la 2023]], na kushinda Tuzo za Wakosoaji wa Kimataifa za Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto (FIPRESCI).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |l...' 1589927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meredith Hama-Brown''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana kwa filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu kamili, ''Seagrass (film)|Seagrass'', ambayo ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika mpango wa Discovery wa Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la 2023]], na kushinda Tuzo za Wakosoaji wa Kimataifa za Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto (FIPRESCI).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2023-09-17 |title=‘American Fiction’ Wins People’s Choice Award at 2023 TIFF (Complete Winners List) |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/festivals/2023-toronto-international-film-festival-full-winners-list-1234906438/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Adrian Mack, [https://www.straight.com/movies/1147391/haida-language-feature-edge-knife-wins-viffs-top-bc-spotlight-awards "Haida-language feature Edge of the Knife wins VIFF’s top B.C. Spotlight awards"]. ''[[The Georgia Straight]]'', October 6, 2018.</ref><ref>Sarah Murphy, [https://exclaim.ca/music/article/here_are_the_2020_prism_prize_finalists "Here are the 2020 Prism Prize Finalists"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', February 27, 2020.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ckvryie5wdzry3lfanlnumosbg5pide 1589977 1589927 2026-08-21T15:56:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meredith Hama-Brown''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana kwa filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu kamili, ''Seagrass (film)|Seagrass'', ambayo ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika mpango wa Discovery wa Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la 2023]], na kushinda Tuzo za Wakosoaji wa Kimataifa za Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto (FIPRESCI).<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2023-09-17 |title=‘American Fiction’ Wins People’s Choice Award at 2023 TIFF (Complete Winners List) |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/festivals/2023-toronto-international-film-festival-full-winners-list-1234906438/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Adrian Mack, [https://www.straight.com/movies/1147391/haida-language-feature-edge-knife-wins-viffs-top-bc-spotlight-awards "Haida-language feature Edge of the Knife wins VIFF’s top B.C. Spotlight awards"]. ''[[The Georgia Straight]]'', October 6, 2018.</ref><ref>Sarah Murphy, [https://exclaim.ca/music/article/here_are_the_2020_prism_prize_finalists "Here are the 2020 Prism Prize Finalists"]. ''[[Exclaim!]]'', February 27, 2020.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7d9dlf0has4kfhyfu8j8h6thzppudw9 0 246259 1589928 2026-08-21T13:23:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''June Havoc''' (amezaliwa '''Ellen Evangeline Hovick''';<ref name="ReferenceA">Ancestry Library Edition{{verify source|date=December 2022}}</ref> [[8 Novemba]], [[1912]] – amefariki [[28 Machi]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], mcheza dansi, mkurugenzi wa jukwaa na mwandishi wa kumbukumbu wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|last=McLellan|first=Dennis|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-june-havoc30-2010mar30,0,691138.st...' 1589928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June Havoc''' (amezaliwa '''Ellen Evangeline Hovick''';<ref name="ReferenceA">Ancestry Library Edition{{verify source|date=December 2022}}</ref> [[8 Novemba]], [[1912]] – amefariki [[28 Machi]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], mcheza dansi, mkurugenzi wa jukwaa na mwandishi wa kumbukumbu wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|last=McLellan|first=Dennis|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-june-havoc30-2010mar30,0,691138.story|title=Los Angeles Times obituary|work=Los Angeles Times|date=March 29, 2010|access-date=December 22, 2011|archive-date=December 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202231957/http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-june-havoc30-2010mar30,0,691138.story|url-status=live}}</ref> Havoc alikuwa msanii wa vaudeville tangu utotoni, chini ya malezi na uongozi wa mama yake Rose Thompson Hovick, aliyezaliwa Rose Evangeline Thompson.<ref>Vaudeville episode, ''American Masters''(1999) Winstar TV & Video dvd WHE73060 accessed on August 19, 2020.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1912|2010}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] pupmyu4snu1tkk2g92xoos36uyatetb 0 246260 1589930 2026-08-21T13:28:50Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alana Hawley Purvis''', ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Alana Hawley''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake kama Frankie katika filamu ya mwaka 2021 ''Range Roads'', ambayo ilimpatia uteuzi wa Canadian Screen Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Tuzo za 10 za Filamu na Televisheni za Kanada. mwaka 2022.<ref>Brent Furdyk, [https://web.archive.org/web/20...' 1589930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alana Hawley Purvis''', ambaye wakati mwingine hutajwa kama '''Alana Hawley''', ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake kama Frankie katika filamu ya mwaka 2021 ''Range Roads'', ambayo ilimpatia uteuzi wa Canadian Screen Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Tuzo za 10 za Filamu na Televisheni za Kanada. mwaka 2022.<ref>Brent Furdyk, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220215130202/https://etcanada.com/news/867531/2022-canadian-screen-awards-nominees-announced/ "2022 Canadian Screen Award Nominees Announced, ‘Sort Of’ & ‘Scarborough’ Lead The Pack"]. ''[[ET Canada]]'', February 15, 2022.</ref><ref>Eric Volmers, [https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/the-quiet-road-calgary-filmmakers-sophomore-film-range-roads-a-subtle-drama-about-estranged-siblings "The Quiet Road: Calgary filmmaker's sophomore film, Range Roads, a subtle drama about estranged siblings"]. ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', April 16, 2021.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] nvji5hb1ewb4fum3wo8ucbih4viza16 0 246261 1589931 2026-08-21T13:32:28Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saffron Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[25 Septemba]], [[1965]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti, mwigizaji na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Mara nyingi amefanya kazi na Ocean Productions katika matoleo mengi ya anime yaliyotafsiriwa kwa sauti. ==Maisha ya awali, familia na elimu== {{expand-section|date= August 2026}} Saffron Henderson alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada, akiwa binti wa mwanamuziki wa Kanada Bill Henderson (Canadian singer),<r...' 1589931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saffron Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[25 Septemba]], [[1965]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti, mwigizaji na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Mara nyingi amefanya kazi na Ocean Productions katika matoleo mengi ya anime yaliyotafsiriwa kwa sauti. ==Maisha ya awali, familia na elimu== {{expand-section|date= August 2026}} Saffron Henderson alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada, akiwa binti wa mwanamuziki wa Kanada Bill Henderson (Canadian singer),<ref name= discogs>{{cite web |url= https://www.discogs.com/artist/919642-Saffron-Henderson?srsltid=AfmBOopL3phkQCeZmgOEh9l8ZNLjZ4X_wj-1CMcJPjFaixBPjI9jwL2d |title= Saffron Henderson |website= discogs.com |access-date= 2026-08-17}}</ref><ref name= onthemic>{{cite web |url= https://www.onthemictraining.com/vancouver/saffron-henderson |title= Saffron Henderson |website= onthemictraining.com |publisher= On the Mic Training| location= Vancouver |access-date= 2026-08-17}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 36dqyic1dc08ru94jjgytwz17soum36 1589932 1589931 2026-08-21T13:33:55Z Christina Charles 71406 1589932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saffron Henderson''' (alizaliwa [[25 Septemba]], [[1965]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti, mwigizaji na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Mara nyingi amefanya kazi na Ocean Productions katika matoleo mengi ya anime yaliyotafsiriwa kwa sauti. ==Maisha ya awali, familia na elimu== Saffron Henderson alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada, akiwa binti wa mwanamuziki wa Kanada Bill Henderson (Canadian singer),<ref name= discogs>{{cite web |url= https://www.discogs.com/artist/919642-Saffron-Henderson?srsltid=AfmBOopL3phkQCeZmgOEh9l8ZNLjZ4X_wj-1CMcJPjFaixBPjI9jwL2d |title= Saffron Henderson |website= discogs.com |access-date= 2026-08-17}}</ref><ref name= onthemic>{{cite web |url= https://www.onthemictraining.com/vancouver/saffron-henderson |title= Saffron Henderson |website= onthemictraining.com |publisher= On the Mic Training| location= Vancouver |access-date= 2026-08-17}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 2dmmrb0kjunlylmo30p896idov4tois 0 246262 1589933 2026-08-21T13:39:01Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marÿke Hendrikse''' (amezaliwa [[23 Februari]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Bahamas]]. Ameigiza majukumu kadhaa katika anime, hasa Revy (Black Lagoon) katika ''Black Lagoon'' na Lunamaria Hawke katika ''Gundam Seed Destiny''. Pia anajulikana kwa majukumu yake kama Susan Test katika ''Johnny Test'', Gilda katika ''My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic'', Sonata Dusk katika ''My Little Pony: Equestria Girls'' na Yasmin k...' 1589933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marÿke Hendrikse''' (amezaliwa [[23 Februari]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Bahamas]]. Ameigiza majukumu kadhaa katika anime, hasa Revy (Black Lagoon) katika ''Black Lagoon'' na Lunamaria Hawke katika ''Gundam Seed Destiny''. Pia anajulikana kwa majukumu yake kama Susan Test katika ''Johnny Test'', Gilda katika ''My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic'', Sonata Dusk katika ''My Little Pony: Equestria Girls'' na Yasmin katika mfululizo wa ''Bratz''. ==Historia== Maryke alizaliwa Bahamas kabla ya kuhamia Kanada akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili na nusu, na kuishi [[Toronto]]. Alikuwa mhitimu wa kwanza wa programu ya shule ya sekondari ya njia mbadala ya Interact.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920025241/http://www.animeevolution.com/?page_id=19|url=http://www.animeevolution.com/?page_id=19|title=Anime Evolution - Guests 2008|archivedate=2008-09-20|date=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toonarific.com/interview.php?interview_id=26|title=Toonarific Interviews - Maryke Hendrikse|accessdate=2011-04-10|date=2005-04-28|publisher=Toonarific|archive-date=November 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118003414/http://www.toonarific.com/interview.php?interview_id=26|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] i28f2gchzx91nmc2id7vwatwdlsbq0t 0 246263 1589935 2026-08-21T13:45:43Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mimi Hines''' (amezaliwa [[17 Julai]], [[1933]] – amefariki [[ 21 Oktoba]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na mchekeshaji wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuonekana kwake katika ''The Ed Sullivan Show'', ''The Tonight Show'' na kazi yake kwenye Broadway theatre. Alimrithi Barbra Streisand katika utayarishaji wa awali wa ''Funny Girl (musical)''. ==Maisha na kazi== Hines alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada,...' 1589935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mimi Hines''' (amezaliwa [[17 Julai]], [[1933]] – amefariki [[ 21 Oktoba]], [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na mchekeshaji wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuonekana kwake katika ''The Ed Sullivan Show'', ''The Tonight Show'' na kazi yake kwenye Broadway theatre. Alimrithi Barbra Streisand katika utayarishaji wa awali wa ''Funny Girl (musical)''. ==Maisha na kazi== Hines alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada, Julai 17, 1933, akiwa binti wa Eugene Saborne na Lillian Hines.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news| title=Mimi Hines, a Replacement Star in ‘Funny Girl,’ Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/27/theater/mimi-hines-dead.html| last=Williams| first=Alex| date=October 27, 2024| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Harris M. |last=Lentz III|title=Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2005: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music, Cartoons and Pop Culture |date=October 4, 2008 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5210-1 |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nvGCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1933|2024}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 34at0c8cr40tcz27uyrs7modqm16m37 1590265 1589935 2026-08-22T09:19:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mimi Hines''' ([[17 Julai]] [[1933]] – [[ 21 Oktoba]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na mchekeshaji wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuonekana kwake katika ''The Ed Sullivan Show'', ''The Tonight Show'' na kazi yake kwenye Broadway theatre. Alimrithi Barbra Streisand katika utayarishaji wa awali wa ''Funny Girl (musical)''. ==Maisha na kazi== Hines alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada, Julai 17, 1933, akiwa binti wa Eugene Saborne na Lillian Hines.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news| title=Mimi Hines, a Replacement Star in ‘Funny Girl,’ Dies at 91|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/27/theater/mimi-hines-dead.html| last=Williams| first=Alex| date=October 27, 2024| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Harris M. |last=Lentz III|title=Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2005: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music, Cartoons and Pop Culture |date=October 4, 2008 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5210-1 |page=124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nvGCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1933|2024}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] b14i1jhyiimzt2a51iws13h1ddz8csl 0 246264 1589936 2026-08-21T13:46:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karl Albrecht Jr.''' (Alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mwana wa [[Karl Albrecht]], ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo. Albrecht alifanya kazi katika Aldi Süd katika nyadhifa mbalimbali hadi alipojiuzulu kutokana na ugonjwa wa saratani (ambao baadaye alipona)<ref name="LittleSis">{{cite web|url=https://littlesis.org/person/185122-Beate_Heister#|title=Beate Heis...' 1589936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Albrecht Jr.''' (Alizaliwa [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], na mwana wa [[Karl Albrecht]], ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo. Albrecht alifanya kazi katika Aldi Süd katika nyadhifa mbalimbali hadi alipojiuzulu kutokana na ugonjwa wa saratani (ambao baadaye alipona)<ref name="LittleSis">{{cite web|url=https://littlesis.org/person/185122-Beate_Heister#|title=Beate Heister|website=LittleSis|publisher=Public Accountability Initiative|access-date=23 September 2018}}</ref>. Yeye na dada yake Beate Heister wanadhibiti hazina ya familia, ''Siepmann Stiftung'' (iliyopewa jina la mama yao), ambayo kwa upande wake inadhibiti Aldi Süd, chanzo cha utajiri wao wa pamoja. Kulingana na ''Bloomberg Billionaires Index'', ana utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 14.3, na kumfanya kuwa mtu wa 149 tajiri zaidi duniani, kufikia Juni [[2021]]<ref name=Bloomberg>{{cite web|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Karl Albrecht Jr.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/karl-albrecht/|website=Bloomberg |accessdate=11 June 2021}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7zu09ut6c8rs7ercozdmfrxyc2izixd 0 246265 1589937 2026-08-21T13:49:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karl Albrecht''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 20]], [[1920]] – Alifariki [[Julai 16]], [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=David |title=Billionaire Aldi Family Fortune To Hit German Court As Son Sues Mother For Embezzling Funds: Reports |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-al...' 1589937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Albrecht''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 20]], [[1920]] – Alifariki [[Julai 16]], [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=David |title=Billionaire Aldi Family Fortune To Hit German Court As Son Sues Mother For Embezzling Funds: Reports |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-aldi-family-fortune-to-hit-german-court-as-son-sues-mother-for-embezzling-funds-reports/?sh=2d091b2121a4 |website=www.forbes.com |language=en}}</ref>. Alikuwa mtu tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani kwa miaka mingi. Mnamo Februari [[2014]], aliorodheshwa kama mtu wa 21 tajiri zaidi duniani na ''Hurun Report''<ref name="Forbes Profile">{{cite web|url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/karl-albrecht/|title= The World's Billionaires (2012): No. 10 Karl Albrecht|work=[[Forbes]]|date= 3 March 2010 |access-date=20 February 2011}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] k0u8l472d0f9i26378upbvncz624y4d 1590266 1589937 2026-08-22T09:20:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karl Albrecht''' ([[Februari 20]], [[1920]] – [[Julai 16]], [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake Theo<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=David |title=Billionaire Aldi Family Fortune To Hit German Court As Son Sues Mother For Embezzling Funds: Reports |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-aldi-family-fortune-to-hit-german-court-as-son-sues-mother-for-embezzling-funds-reports/?sh=2d091b2121a4 |website=www.forbes.com |language=en}}</ref>. Alikuwa mtu tajiri zaidi nchini Ujerumani kwa miaka mingi. Mnamo Februari [[2014]], aliorodheshwa kama mtu wa 21 tajiri zaidi duniani na ''Hurun Report''<ref name="Forbes Profile">{{cite web|url= https://www.forbes.com/profile/karl-albrecht/|title= The World's Billionaires (2012): No. 10 Karl Albrecht|work=[[Forbes]]|date= 3 March 2010 |access-date=20 February 2011}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] gq458g0hdc0h0cnxalnyyufgf95wkpw 0 246266 1589938 2026-08-21T13:49:43Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Victoria Hopper''' (amezaliwa [[24 Mei]], [[1909]] – amefariki [[22 Januari]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mwimbaji wa jukwaani na filamu wa [[Uingereza]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f7cbee4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125074033/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f7cbee4|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2018|title=Victoria Hopper}}</ref><ref name=thes...' 1589938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victoria Hopper''' (amezaliwa [[24 Mei]], [[1909]] – amefariki [[22 Januari]], [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mwimbaji wa jukwaani na filamu wa [[Uingereza]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f7cbee4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125074033/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f7cbee4|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2018|title=Victoria Hopper}}</ref><ref name=thestage>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/obituaries--archive/obituaries/victoria-hopper/|title=Victoria Hopper - Obituaries - The Stage|date=26 April 2007}}</ref><ref name=independent>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/victoria-hopper-434840.html|title=Victoria Hopper| website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=3 February 2007 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1909|2007}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] jaivjzq6521yl2e2t2sfgpyuf87enr4 1590267 1589938 2026-08-22T09:21:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victoria Hopper''' ([[24 Mei]] [[1909]] – [[22 Januari]] [[2007]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mwimbaji wa jukwaani na filamu wa [[Uingereza]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f7cbee4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125074033/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f7cbee4|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2018|title=Victoria Hopper}}</ref><ref name=thestage>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/obituaries--archive/obituaries/victoria-hopper/|title=Victoria Hopper - Obituaries - The Stage|date=26 April 2007}}</ref><ref name=independent>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/victoria-hopper-434840.html|title=Victoria Hopper| website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=3 February 2007 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1909|2007}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uingereza]] a6ol5uzd4x2odj0sm1oezfl2pn035om 0 246267 1589939 2026-08-21T13:53:18Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chelah Horsdal''' (amezaliwa [[19 Juni]], [[1973]])<ref name=tvg>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chelah-horsdal/bio/227049|title=Chelah Horsdal|publisher=TVGuide.com|accessdate=January 11, 2016|archivedate=October 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004061033/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chelah-horsdal/bio/227049}}</ref><ref name=official-bio>{{cite web|url=http://www.chelah.com/bio|title=Biodata|publisher=Chelha...' 1589939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chelah Horsdal''' (amezaliwa [[19 Juni]], [[1973]])<ref name=tvg>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chelah-horsdal/bio/227049|title=Chelah Horsdal|publisher=TVGuide.com|accessdate=January 11, 2016|archivedate=October 4, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004061033/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/chelah-horsdal/bio/227049}}</ref><ref name=official-bio>{{cite web|url=http://www.chelah.com/bio|title=Biodata|publisher=Chelha Horsdal|accessdate=January 11, 2016|archivedate=October 12, 2016| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012132749/http://www.chelah.com/| url-status=live}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dear Daddy: The father-child bond is many things, but it's almost always complicated |url=https://theprovince.com/life/dear-daddy-the-father-child-bond-is-many-things-but-its-almost-always-complicated |website=theprovince.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 30dqjjwdt1sqbmz9diz8q8i2yhz5e17 0 246268 1589941 2026-08-21T13:53:52Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Theodor "Theo" Albrecht Jr.''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki wa ''Trader Joe's'' na ''Aldi Nord'', na mwana wa mwanzilishi mwenza wa Aldi<ref name=Focus>{{cite web|title=Die Albrechts – Aufstieg aus der Armut zum Imperium|url=http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/aldi-erbe-berthold-albrecht-mit-58-jahren-gestorben-die-albrechts-aufstieg-aus-der-armut-zum-imperium_aid_876706.html|website=Focus.de|accessda...' 1589941 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theodor "Theo" Albrecht Jr.''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki wa ''Trader Joe's'' na ''Aldi Nord'', na mwana wa mwanzilishi mwenza wa Aldi<ref name=Focus>{{cite web|title=Die Albrechts – Aufstieg aus der Armut zum Imperium|url=http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/aldi-erbe-berthold-albrecht-mit-58-jahren-gestorben-die-albrechts-aufstieg-aus-der-armut-zum-imperium_aid_876706.html|website=Focus.de|accessdate=1 January 2015}}</ref>. Kufikia Julai [[2021]], utajiri wa Albrecht unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 20.6. Mwaka [[2010]], baba yake [[Theo Albrecht]] alifariki, akiacha umiliki wa msururu wa maduka makubwa ya Ujerumani Aldi Nord na msururu wa maduka makubwa ya [[Marekani]] Trader Joe's kwa wanawe wawili, Theo Jr. na Berthold, lakini Berthold alifariki mwaka [[2012]]. Theo Albrecht Jr. na warithi wa kaka yake Berthold walirithi utajiri huo, ambao awali ulikua kutoka duka dogo la mboga lililofunguliwa mwaka [[1913]]<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Theo Albrecht, Jr. & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/theo-albrecht-jr/ |work=Forbes |accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gwanjd5w02uwxx0ems3r83gaxj8bum6 0 246269 1589943 2026-08-21T13:56:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Theo Albrecht''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 28]], [[1922]] – Alifariki [[Julai 24]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake [[Karl Albrecht]]. Mwaka [[2010]], Theo aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa 31 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.7<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-aldi-family...' 1589943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theo Albrecht''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 28]], [[1922]] – Alifariki [[Julai 24]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake [[Karl Albrecht]]. Mwaka [[2010]], Theo aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa 31 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.7<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-aldi-family-fortune-to-hit-german-court-as-son-sues-mother-for-embezzling-funds-reports/?sh=2d091b2121a4|title = Billionaire Aldi Family Fortune to Hit German Court as Son Sues Mother for Embezzling Funds: Reports|website = [[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rttnews.com/slideshow/3672/the-10-richest-women-on-earth-oprah-betencourt-jobs-walton-walmart-mars-klatten.aspx|title=Heiresses Galore: The 10 Richest Women on Earth|website=RTTNews}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] p7eiqiwndvggk4wo6u7cnow5dh3wk75 1590010 1589943 2026-08-21T18:22:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590010 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theo Albrecht''' (Alizaliwa [[Machi 28]], [[1922]] – Alifariki [[Julai 24]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake [[Karl Albrecht]]. Mwaka [[2010]], Theo aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa 31 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.7<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-aldi-family-fortune-to-hit-german-court-as-son-sues-mother-for-embezzling-funds-reports/?sh=2d091b2121a4|title = Billionaire Aldi Family Fortune to Hit German Court as Son Sues Mother for Embezzling Funds: Reports|website = [[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.rttnews.com/slideshow/3672/the-10-richest-women-on-earth-oprah-betencourt-jobs-walton-walmart-mars-klatten.aspx|title=Heiresses Galore: The 10 Richest Women on Earth|website=RTTNews}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] mkv0f9oqmjp740yy1q0au94s22nzsnb 1590268 1590010 2026-08-22T09:21:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theo Albrecht''' ([[Machi 28]], [[1922]] – [[Julai 24]], [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alianzisha msururu wa maduka ya bei nafuu ya ''Aldi'' pamoja na kaka yake [[Karl Albrecht]]. Mwaka [[2010]], Theo aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa 31 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 16.7<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2020/09/20/billionaire-aldi-family-fortune-to-hit-german-court-as-son-sues-mother-for-embezzling-funds-reports/?sh=2d091b2121a4|title = Billionaire Aldi Family Fortune to Hit German Court as Son Sues Mother for Embezzling Funds: Reports|website = [[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.rttnews.com/slideshow/3672/the-10-richest-women-on-earth-oprah-betencourt-jobs-walton-walmart-mars-klatten.aspx|title=Heiresses Galore: The 10 Richest Women on Earth|website=RTTNews}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] cxd3rzj8zxm9tj890bzki8ea0cg9vig 0 246270 1589946 2026-08-21T14:04:10Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rachel Roberts''' (alizaliwa [[8 Aprili]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Roberts ameonekana katika kampeni nyingi za matangazo, hasa za bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi za Biotherm, na alijulikana sana nchini [[Marekani]] kwa kuigiza mhusika mkuu katika filamu ya mwaka 2002 ''Simone''.<ref>David Germain, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140610224057/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-382247.html "'Simone' Gets A Life of Her Own; Ra...' 1589946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rachel Roberts''' (alizaliwa [[8 Aprili]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Roberts ameonekana katika kampeni nyingi za matangazo, hasa za bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi za Biotherm, na alijulikana sana nchini [[Marekani]] kwa kuigiza mhusika mkuu katika filamu ya mwaka 2002 ''Simone''.<ref>David Germain, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140610224057/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-382247.html "'Simone' Gets A Life of Her Own; Rachel Roberts Emerges as the Real Woman Behind Unbilled Role of a Digital Actress"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', August 24, 2002, via [[HighBeam Research]].</ref><ref>Alison Jones, [https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-93578416 "Culture: Rachel Is an Image of Pixel Perfection; Computers Cannot Replace Real Actors, as Alison Jones Finds out from Rachel Roberts"]{{dl|date=July 2021}} ''[[Birmingham Post]]'', October 30, 2002.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] e9xjulwdzi9w11ce2fxenki1wyew1pt 1589996 1589946 2026-08-21T17:13:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1589996 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rachel Roberts''' (alizaliwa [[8 Aprili]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Roberts ameonekana katika kampeni nyingi za matangazo, hasa za bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi za Biotherm, na alijulikana sana nchini [[Marekani]] kwa kuigiza mhusika mkuu katika filamu ya mwaka 2002 ''Simone''.<ref>David Germain, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140610224057/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-382247.html "'Simone' Gets A Life of Her Own; Rachel Roberts Emerges as the Real Woman Behind Unbilled Role of a Digital Actress"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', August 24, 2002, via [[HighBeam Research]].</ref><ref>Alison Jones, [https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-93578416 "Culture: Rachel Is an Image of Pixel Perfection; Computers Cannot Replace Real Actors, as Alison Jones Finds out from Rachel Roberts"]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{dl|date=July 2021}} ''[[Birmingham Post]]'', October 30, 2002.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] d27ok221vw5s2bnuzn6wko28yf00kn3 0 246271 1589948 2026-08-21T14:13:43Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nancy Lee Robertson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Wanda Dollard katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Corner Gas''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spaner |first=David |date=6 April 2004 |title=Aisle Seat: Interview with Nancy Robertson |newspaper=The Province |location=Vancouver |page=B11}}</ref><ref name=heart>{{cite web|url = http://www.thehearttruth.ca/nancy_robertson/ |title = The Heart Truth: Nancy Robertson Bio |pu...' 1589948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy Lee Robertson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Wanda Dollard katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Corner Gas''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spaner |first=David |date=6 April 2004 |title=Aisle Seat: Interview with Nancy Robertson |newspaper=The Province |location=Vancouver |page=B11}}</ref><ref name=heart>{{cite web|url = http://www.thehearttruth.ca/nancy_robertson/ |title = The Heart Truth: Nancy Robertson Bio |publisher = The Heart and Stroke Foundation |accessdate = 10 December 2011}}</ref><ref name=tce>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Williams |first=Paul |year=2015 |orig-year=2012 |title=Nancy Robertson |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nancy-robertson |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |location=Toronto |publisher=Historica Canada |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 8ob0m8wbt2ykhwwqmacn5f9n7zdylug 0 246272 1589949 2026-08-21T14:17:25Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Debbie Rochon''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa jukwaani, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika filamu za kutisha huru na filamu za utamaduni mbadala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hacker's Source |url=https://www.debbierochon.com/product-page/hacker-s-source |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Debbie Rochon |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two BC Books Interviews A...' 1589949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Debbie Rochon''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa jukwaani, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika filamu za kutisha huru na filamu za utamaduni mbadala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hacker's Source |url=https://www.debbierochon.com/product-page/hacker-s-source |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Debbie Rochon |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two BC Books Interviews Author Jonathan Maberry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123061450/http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two/ |date=November 23, 2011 }}</ref><ref>Maberry, Jonathan. "Bad Moon Rising". Pinnacle Press, 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.horrorchronicles.com/babes-of-blood/babes-of-blood-debbie-rochon.html Horror Chronicles Features Debbie Rochon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145018/http://www.horrorchronicles.com/babes-of-blood/babes-of-blood-debbie-rochon.html |date=February 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014714/http://www.mtv.com/artists/tom-savini/ MTV Artist Focus On Tom Savini]</ref><ref>[https://horrorunlimited.blogspot.com/2013/01/debbie-rochon-to-be-honored-with-ingrid.html Horror Unlimited Ingrid Pitt Award - Debbie Rochon]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ald2ve1xxy3zkx16z3keha8gva81yel 1589950 1589949 2026-08-21T14:18:24Z Christina Charles 71406 1589950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Debbie Rochon''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa jukwaani, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika filamu za kutisha huru na filamu za utamaduni mbadala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hacker's Source |url=https://www.debbierochon.com/product-page/hacker-s-source |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Debbie Rochon |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two BC Books Interviews Author Jonathan Maberry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123061450/http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two/ |date=November 23, 2011 }}</ref><ref>Maberry, Jonathan. "Bad Moon Rising". Pinnacle Press, 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.horrorchronicles.com/babes-of-blood/babes-of-blood-debbie-rochon.html Horror Chronicles Features Debbie Rochon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145018/http://www.horrorchronicles.com/babes-of-blood/babes-of-blood-debbie-rochon.html |date=February 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014714/http://www.mtv.com/artists/tom-savini/ MTV Artist Focus On Tom Savini]</ref><ref>[https://horrorunlimited.blogspot.com/2013/01/debbie-rochon-to-be-honored-with-ingrid.html Horror Unlimited Ingrid Pitt Award - Debbie Rochon]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://horrorfuel.com/2024/10/06/scream-queen-joins-the-cast-of-human-hibachi-3-the-last-supper/ | title=Scream Queen Joins the Cast of 'Human Hibachi 3: The Last Supper' | date=October 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3zl4h02n9hs3fcug287a33oo6zlrxih 1590021 1589950 2026-08-21T18:53:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Debbie Rochon''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa jukwaani, anayejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika filamu za kutisha huru na filamu za utamaduni mbadala.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hacker's Source |url=https://www.debbierochon.com/product-page/hacker-s-source |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Debbie Rochon |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two BC Books Interviews Author Jonathan Maberry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123061450/http://blogcritics.org/books/article/interview-with-jonathan-maberry-part-two/ |date=November 23, 2011 }}</ref><ref>Maberry, Jonathan. "Bad Moon Rising". Pinnacle Press, 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.horrorchronicles.com/babes-of-blood/babes-of-blood-debbie-rochon.html Horror Chronicles Features Debbie Rochon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221145018/http://www.horrorchronicles.com/babes-of-blood/babes-of-blood-debbie-rochon.html |date=February 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014714/http://www.mtv.com/artists/tom-savini/ MTV Artist Focus On Tom Savini]</ref><ref>[https://horrorunlimited.blogspot.com/2013/01/debbie-rochon-to-be-honored-with-ingrid.html Horror Unlimited Ingrid Pitt Award - Debbie Rochon]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://horrorfuel.com/2024/10/06/scream-queen-joins-the-cast-of-human-hibachi-3-the-last-supper/ | title=Scream Queen Joins the Cast of 'Human Hibachi 3: The Last Supper' | date=October 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] hrtmmrf40xsc25wkufd601ho061uzm9 0 246273 1589951 2026-08-21T14:21:51Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kacey Rohl''' (amezaliwa [[6 Agosti]], [[1991]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Sterling Fitch katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya televisheni ''The Killing (U.S. TV series)''.<ref name="StarweekTS">{{cite news |last=Korb |first=Michael |title=Martin back on TV in Working the Engels |newspaper=Toronto Star |department=Starweek Magazine |date=2014-03-08 |page=174 |access-date=2026-06-19 |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.n...' 1589951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kacey Rohl''' (amezaliwa [[6 Agosti]], [[1991]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Sterling Fitch katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya televisheni ''The Killing (U.S. TV series)''.<ref name="StarweekTS">{{cite news |last=Korb |first=Michael |title=Martin back on TV in Working the Engels |newspaper=Toronto Star |department=Starweek Magazine |date=2014-03-08 |page=174 |access-date=2026-06-19 |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/950873096/}}</ref><ref name="Province2011">{{cite news |last=Monk |first=Katherine |title=A young actor's fairy tale twist |newspaper=The Province |location=Vancouver |date=2011-03-14 |page=B4 |access-date=2026-06-19 |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/507530118/}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] o02n4vt97nmul3kk0pruyv9e62scayp 0 246274 1589953 2026-08-21T14:25:37Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elysia Rotaru''' (alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Taiana Venediktov katika ''Arrow (TV series)''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cc3pW-gPtem/ | title=ELYSIA on Instagram: "9 months in 👉🏼 9 months out #postpartumbody #motherhood #momandbaby #BBG #momsofinstagram #momlife #mama #whatajourney" }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naludamagazine.com/elysia-rotar...' 1589953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elysia Rotaru''' (alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Taiana Venediktov katika ''Arrow (TV series)''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cc3pW-gPtem/ | title=ELYSIA on Instagram: "9 months in 👉🏼 9 months out #postpartumbody #motherhood #momandbaby #BBG #momsofinstagram #momlife #mama #whatajourney" }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.naludamagazine.com/elysia-rotaru/|title=Elysia Rotaru Interview|website=Naluda Magazine|date=May 9, 2016|accessdate=February 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wingmanmagazine.com/elysia-rotaru-interview/|title=Elysia Rotaru talks Arrow and more|author=McCarthy, Mike|website=Wingman Magazine|date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=February 3, 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0y811tq2s8i2yy73wea2p2ihxr5epz9 0 246275 1589956 2026-08-21T14:34:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Teryl Rothery''' (alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa jukwaani, televisheni na filamu. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Dkt. Janet Fraiser katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Stargate SG-1''. <ref name="hallmark">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hallmarkmoviesandmysteries.com/cedar-cove/cast/teryl-rothery|title=Teryl Rothery as Grace Sherman on Cedar Cove|website=Hallmark Movies and Mysteries}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <referen...' 1589956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teryl Rothery''' (alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa jukwaani, televisheni na filamu. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Dkt. Janet Fraiser katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Stargate SG-1''. <ref name="hallmark">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hallmarkmoviesandmysteries.com/cedar-cove/cast/teryl-rothery|title=Teryl Rothery as Grace Sherman on Cedar Cove|website=Hallmark Movies and Mysteries}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1962|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] pcjpf7yp16ayoadpostphlmacbx36p6 1590009 1589956 2026-08-21T18:21:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teryl Rothery''' (alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]], [[1962]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa jukwaani, televisheni na filamu. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Dkt. Janet Fraiser katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Stargate SG-1''. <ref name="hallmark">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hallmarkmoviesandmysteries.com/cedar-cove/cast/teryl-rothery|title=Teryl Rothery as Grace Sherman on Cedar Cove|website=Hallmark Movies and Mysteries}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1962|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] jwbq2j8r0aoppl1ud0rm0ilhd1243iw 0 246276 1589957 2026-08-21T14:36:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Schaeffler ''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 19]], [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmiliki wa asilimia 80 ya kampuni ya ''INA Holding Schaeffler GmbH & Co. KG'', ambayo inajumuisha ''Schaeffler AG''. Mama yake, [[Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler]], anamiliki asilimia 20 nyingine. Wote wawili walirithi utajiri wao kutoka kwa baba ya Schaeffler, Georg Schaeffler, aliyefariki mwaka [[1996]]. Schaeffler ni mwenyeki...' 1589957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Schaeffler ''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 19]], [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmiliki wa asilimia 80 ya kampuni ya ''INA Holding Schaeffler GmbH & Co. KG'', ambayo inajumuisha ''Schaeffler AG''. Mama yake, [[Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler]], anamiliki asilimia 20 nyingine. Wote wawili walirithi utajiri wao kutoka kwa baba ya Schaeffler, Georg Schaeffler, aliyefariki mwaka [[1996]]. Schaeffler ni mwenyekiti wa bodi ya usimamizi wa ''Schaeffler Group'' na mwanachama wa bodi ya usimamizi ya ''Continental AG''. Kufikia Mei [[2023]], Schaeffler aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa 171 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 10.2.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Georg Schaeffler |website=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/georg-schaeffler/ |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/georg-schaeffler/|title=Georg Schaeffler|website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=|accessdate=17 January 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1n5ju8diysyh8jwuhaxjm26869vdt56 0 246277 1589959 2026-08-21T14:37:33Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Melissa Roxburgh''' (alizaliwa [[10 Desemba]], [[1992]])<ref name="birth date">{{Cite news|title=Today's Horoscope: Today's Birthday|author=Nicols, Georgia|date=December 10, 2023|work=Winnipeg Free Press|page=G5|quote=Actor Melissa Roxburgh (1992) shares your birthday today.|id={{ProQuest|2899914103}}}} See also: *{{Cite news|title=Your Horoscope: Birthday Gal|author=|date=December 10, 2016|work=Montreal Gazette|page=D2a|quote=Actress Melissa Roxburgh w...' 1589959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa Roxburgh''' (alizaliwa [[10 Desemba]], [[1992]])<ref name="birth date">{{Cite news|title=Today's Horoscope: Today's Birthday|author=Nicols, Georgia|date=December 10, 2023|work=Winnipeg Free Press|page=G5|quote=Actor Melissa Roxburgh (1992) shares your birthday today.|id={{ProQuest|2899914103}}}} See also: *{{Cite news|title=Your Horoscope: Birthday Gal|author=|date=December 10, 2016|work=Montreal Gazette|page=D2a|quote=Actress Melissa Roxburgh was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, on this date in 1992.|id={{ProQuest|2001250022}}}}</ref><ref name="mind">{{Cite web |url= https://collider.com/mindcage-trailer-martin-lawrence-melissa-roxburgh-john-malkovich/ |title=Mindcage – Martin Lawrence, Melissa Roxburgh and John Malkovich |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=November 7, 2022 |access-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221108015030/https://collider.com/mindcage-trailer-martin-lawrence-melissa-roxburgh-john-malkovich/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] f0q40z4an4c9vvr737dr1chr7dmdyx3 1589976 1589959 2026-08-21T15:55:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1589976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa Roxburgh''' (alizaliwa [[10 Desemba]], [[1992]])<ref name="birth date">{{Rejea habari|title=Today's Horoscope: Today's Birthday|author=Nicols, Georgia|date=December 10, 2023|work=Winnipeg Free Press|page=G5|quote=Actor Melissa Roxburgh (1992) shares your birthday today.|id={{ProQuest|2899914103}}}} See also: *{{Rejea habari|title=Your Horoscope: Birthday Gal|author=|date=December 10, 2016|work=Montreal Gazette|page=D2a|quote=Actress Melissa Roxburgh was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, on this date in 1992.|id={{ProQuest|2001250022}}}}</ref><ref name="mind">{{Rejea tovuti |url= https://collider.com/mindcage-trailer-martin-lawrence-melissa-roxburgh-john-malkovich/ |title=Mindcage – Martin Lawrence, Melissa Roxburgh and John Malkovich |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |date=November 7, 2022 |access-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221108015030/https://collider.com/mindcage-trailer-martin-lawrence-melissa-roxburgh-john-malkovich/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7z0futi991u0g5zjlun2p8igaa1tk26 0 246278 1589961 2026-08-21T14:41:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eliza Sam Lai-Heung''' (amezaliwa [[17 Novemba]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa Hong Kong, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa chini ya mkataba na TVB. Alishinda mashindano ya Mrembo wa Kichina wa Vancouver mwaka 2009, na baadaye akashinda mashindano ya Miss Chinese International mwaka 2010.<ref name="southasianpost">{{cite web |publisher=southasianpost |title=Eliza Sam makes Canada proud |url=http://www.southasianpost.com/article/4122-eliza-sam-makes-canada-prou...' 1589961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eliza Sam Lai-Heung''' (amezaliwa [[17 Novemba]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa Hong Kong, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa chini ya mkataba na TVB. Alishinda mashindano ya Mrembo wa Kichina wa Vancouver mwaka 2009, na baadaye akashinda mashindano ya Miss Chinese International mwaka 2010.<ref name="southasianpost">{{cite web |publisher=southasianpost |title=Eliza Sam makes Canada proud |url=http://www.southasianpost.com/article/4122-eliza-sam-makes-canada-proud.html |date=30 November 2010 |access-date=19 October 2012 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429235805/https://www.southasianpost.com/article/4122-eliza-sam-makes-canada-proud.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 1z5diawqgx80xn00f6gtj5ve4pig6dg 0 246279 1589963 2026-08-21T14:44:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler''' (Alizaliwa [[Agosti 17]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmoja wa wamiliki wa ''Schaeffler Group'', mmoja wa wazalishaji wakubwa wa mashine za biringi za kuzunguka duniani. Mmiliki mwingine ni mwanawe Georg F. W. Schaeffler. Mwaka [[1963]], Schaeffler aliolewa na Georg Schaeffler, na akahamia Herzogenaurach huko Franconia, ambayo iko ndani ya [[Bavaria]]<ref name="Joseph2014">{{cite book|la...' 1589963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler''' (Alizaliwa [[Agosti 17]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na mmoja wa wamiliki wa ''Schaeffler Group'', mmoja wa wazalishaji wakubwa wa mashine za biringi za kuzunguka duniani. Mmiliki mwingine ni mwanawe Georg F. W. Schaeffler. Mwaka [[1963]], Schaeffler aliolewa na Georg Schaeffler, na akahamia Herzogenaurach huko Franconia, ambayo iko ndani ya [[Bavaria]]<ref name="Joseph2014">{{cite book|last=Joseph|first=Ugesh A.|title=The 'Made in Germany' Champion Brands: Nation Branding, Innovation and World Export Leadership|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPWAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT142|date=28 January 2014|publisher=Gower Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-6648-2|pages=142–}}</ref>. Ilikuwa kupitia ndoa ya Schaeffler ambapo angekuja kufanya kazi kwa ''Schaeffler Group AG''. Mwaka [[1996]], Georg alifariki, na akachukua usukani wa biashara ya familia. Tangu mwaka [[1996]], ''Schaeffler Group AG'' imeona ongezeko la mauzo ya kila mwaka na ajira. Kufikia mwaka [[2013]], mauzo ya kila mwaka yalifikia takriban euro bilioni 10, na ajira iliongezeka mara tatu hadi zaidi ya wafanyakazi 70,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler|url=http://www.wiwo.de/koepfe-der-wirtschaft/maria-elisabeth-schaeffler/5288032.html|publisher=Wirtschafts Woche|language=German|accessdate=25 September 2015}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] afe3nljc3pbl5untiefiu8ukm0qokht 0 246280 1589964 2026-08-21T14:44:58Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leela Savasta''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alimcheza Clair Crosby katika filamu ya mwaka 2006 ''Black Christmas''. Anajulikana zaidi kwa majukumu yake ya usaidizi katika vipindi vya televisheni ''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)'' kama Tracey Anne, ''Cra$h & Burn'' kama Lucia Silva, na ''Intelligence (Canadian TV series)'' kama Lorna Salazar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Andrew |date=November 17, 2009 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com...' 1589964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leela Savasta''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alimcheza Clair Crosby katika filamu ya mwaka 2006 ''Black Christmas''. Anajulikana zaidi kwa majukumu yake ya usaidizi katika vipindi vya televisheni ''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)'' kama Tracey Anne, ''Cra$h & Burn'' kama Lucia Silva, na ''Intelligence (Canadian TV series)'' kama Lorna Salazar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Andrew |date=November 17, 2009 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/just-arrived-but-crah-burn-looks-grimy-and-dated/article1366807/ |title=Just arrived, but Cra$h & Burn looks grimy and dated |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |accessdate=November 18, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Woodman |first=Tenley |date=December 26, 2010 |url=http://news.bostonherald.com/entertainment/television/general/view/20101226wanted_answers_with_craigslist_killer_dead_lifetime_focuses_on_ex-fiancee_in_original_film/srvc=home&position=7 |title=Wanted: answers |newspaper=[[Boston Herald]] |accessdate=January 1, 2011 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] qc9nbalwzylwxwiiur4132wq0nrt4m1 1589972 1589964 2026-08-21T15:22:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1589972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leela Savasta''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alimcheza Clair Crosby katika filamu ya mwaka 2006 ''Black Christmas''. Anajulikana zaidi kwa majukumu yake ya usaidizi katika vipindi vya televisheni ''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)'' kama Tracey Anne, ''Cra$h & Burn'' kama Lucia Silva, na ''Intelligence (Canadian TV series)'' kama Lorna Salazar.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Ryan |first=Andrew |date=November 17, 2009 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/just-arrived-but-crah-burn-looks-grimy-and-dated/article1366807/ |title=Just arrived, but Cra$h & Burn looks grimy and dated |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |accessdate=November 18, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Woodman |first=Tenley |date=December 26, 2010 |url=http://news.bostonherald.com/entertainment/television/general/view/20101226wanted_answers_with_craigslist_killer_dead_lifetime_focuses_on_ex-fiancee_in_original_film/srvc=home&position=7 |title=Wanted: answers |newspaper=[[Boston Herald]] |accessdate=January 1, 2011 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] az2r5in7zuuqke57htcj06q86zco83w 0 246281 1589966 2026-08-21T14:47:37Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Noot Seear''' (alizaliwa '''Renata Seear''', [[5 Oktoba]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Maisha na kazi== Seear alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Aligunduliwa katika kituo cha ununuzi na mtafutaji vipaji kutoka wakala wa Look huko Vancouver alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/noot_seear/|title=Noot Seear - Fashion Model &#124; Model...' 1589966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noot Seear''' (alizaliwa '''Renata Seear''', [[5 Oktoba]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Maisha na kazi== Seear alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Aligunduliwa katika kituo cha ununuzi na mtafutaji vipaji kutoka wakala wa Look huko Vancouver alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/noot_seear/|title=Noot Seear - Fashion Model &#124; Models &#124; Photos, Editorials & Latest News &#124; The FMD|website=The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com}}</ref> <ref>[https://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b106081_new_moon_scoop_heidi_supermodel.html New Moon Scoop: Heidi Is a Supermodel!]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] pwlqbn973c4ayjzsqg93tqy1v9ump0d 1589994 1589966 2026-08-21T17:10:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589994 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noot Seear''' (alizaliwa '''Renata Seear''', [[5 Oktoba]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Maisha na kazi== Seear alizaliwa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Aligunduliwa katika kituo cha ununuzi na mtafutaji vipaji kutoka wakala wa Look huko Vancouver alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/noot_seear/|title=Noot Seear - Fashion Model &#124; Models &#124; Photos, Editorials & Latest News &#124; The FMD|website=The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com}}</ref> <ref>[https://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b106081_new_moon_scoop_heidi_supermodel.html New Moon Scoop: Heidi Is a Supermodel!]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] h62ezyp0ce81wtxmlff8vyt628v3j7c 0 246282 1589967 2026-08-21T14:50:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rekha Shanti Sharma''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Uhindi]] - [[Fiji]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama [[Tory Foster]] katika ''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)'' (2006–2009),<ref name=ProvinceGalacticaRef>"Getting a sense of Huma; Lots of twists and turns as Galactica plows ahead" by Glen Schaefer, ''[[The Province]]'' (13 June, 2008) Retrieved from {{ProQuest|269548510}}</ref> na List of Star Trek: Discovery chara...' 1589967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rekha Shanti Sharma''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Uhindi]] - [[Fiji]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama [[Tory Foster]] katika ''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)'' (2006–2009),<ref name=ProvinceGalacticaRef>"Getting a sense of Huma; Lots of twists and turns as Galactica plows ahead" by Glen Schaefer, ''[[The Province]]'' (13 June, 2008) Retrieved from {{ProQuest|269548510}}</ref> na List of Star Trek: Discovery characters#Guest characters|Ellen Landry katika ''Star Trek: Discovery''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Holloway |first=Daniel |date=April 28, 2017 |title='Star Trek: Discovery' Adds 'Penny Dreadful,' 'Battlestar Galactica' Vets to Cast |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/star-trek-discovery-penny-dreadful-battlestar-galactica-1202402827/ |website=Variety |access-date=February 12, 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] thkjaw07bx0by2m8tb7hlobnx5axkmy 0 246283 1589968 2026-08-21T14:51:20Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Günter Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], aliyekuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. Günter Herz ni mwana wa Max Herz na [[Ingeburg Herz]]. Max Herz alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Tchibo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia 100 na wanafamilia watatu wa Herz, Ingeburg Herz (mjane wa Max Herz), na wanawe wawili, Michael na Wolfgan...' 1589968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Günter Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], aliyekuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. Günter Herz ni mwana wa Max Herz na [[Ingeburg Herz]]. Max Herz alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Tchibo inamilikiwa kwa asilimia 100 na wanafamilia watatu wa Herz, Ingeburg Herz (mjane wa Max Herz), na wanawe wawili, Michael na [[Wolfgang Herz]]. Mwaka [[2003]], walimnunulia kaka yao, Günter, na dada yao, Daniela Herz-Schnoekel, hisa ya asilimia 40. Mwaka [[2008]], kaka yao Joachim alifariki katika ajali ya mashua. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], Herz ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.8, kufikia Mei [[2015]]<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Guenter Herz|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/guenter-herz/|website=Forbes|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7debuf6la10t8bsvsnytljax2xithmw 0 246284 1589969 2026-08-21T14:56:33Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rebecca Shoichet''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] ambaye ametoa sauti katika matoleo ya anime za Kijapani yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza na vipindi vingine kwa ajili ya Ocean Productions huko [[Vancouver]], baada ya kuhamia huko kutoka Victoria, [[British Columbia]] mwaka 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/article/mimosa-mom-multitasks|title=Mimosa mom multitasks|first=Tony | last=Montague|date=June 16, 2005|work=The Georgia S...' 1589969 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Shoichet''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] ambaye ametoa sauti katika matoleo ya anime za Kijapani yaliyotafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza na vipindi vingine kwa ajili ya Ocean Productions huko [[Vancouver]], baada ya kuhamia huko kutoka Victoria, [[British Columbia]] mwaka 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/article/mimosa-mom-multitasks|title=Mimosa mom multitasks|first=Tony | last=Montague|date=June 16, 2005|work=[[The Georgia Straight]] | location=Vancouver|access-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/article-833031/vancouver/soulstream-returns-bar-none|title=Soulstream returns to Bar None|date=November 14, 2012|work=straight.com|access-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] kkbjg86wys7y13fjq22d4w0nzwmohd0 0 246285 1589970 2026-08-21T15:00:45Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lydia Shum Din-ha''' au '''Lydia Sum Tin-ha''' (amezaliwa [[21 Julai]], [[1945]] – amefariki [[19 Februari]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mchekeshaji, Master of ceremonies, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Hong Kong]] – [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana kwa umbo lake kubwa, miwani yake yenye fremu nyeusi iliyokuwa alama yake na mtindo wa nywele wa bouffant. Alijulikana kwa upendo miongoni mwa wenzake na mashabiki kama '''Fei-fei''' <ref>[http://sudden.atnext.com/imag...' 1589970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lydia Shum Din-ha''' au '''Lydia Sum Tin-ha''' (amezaliwa [[21 Julai]], [[1945]] – amefariki [[19 Februari]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mchekeshaji, Master of ceremonies, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Hong Kong]] – [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana kwa umbo lake kubwa, miwani yake yenye fremu nyeusi iliyokuwa alama yake na mtindo wa nywele wa bouffant. Alijulikana kwa upendo miongoni mwa wenzake na mashabiki kama '''Fei-fei''' <ref>[http://sudden.atnext.com/images/next-photos/SuddenWeekly/656/160pixfolder/cover/1.jpg ''Sudden Weekly'', Issue no. 656, 22 February 2008, cover page] {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080731190959/http://sudden.atnext.com/images/next-photos/SuddenWeekly/656/160pixfolder/cover/1.jpg |date=31 July 2008 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1945|2008}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] nlec8lwatcuqpv20dvpgh391p2wap4e 1590269 1589970 2026-08-22T09:23:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lydia Shum Din-ha''' au '''Lydia Sum Tin-ha''' ([[21 Julai]] [[1945]] – [[19 Februari]] [[2008]]) alikuwa mchekeshaji, Master of ceremonies, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Hong Kong]] – [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana kwa umbo lake kubwa, miwani yake yenye fremu nyeusi iliyokuwa alama yake na mtindo wa nywele wa bouffant. Alijulikana kwa upendo miongoni mwa wenzake na mashabiki kama '''Fei-fei''' <ref>[http://sudden.atnext.com/images/next-photos/SuddenWeekly/656/160pixfolder/cover/1.jpg ''Sudden Weekly'', Issue no. 656, 22 February 2008, cover page] {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080731190959/http://sudden.atnext.com/images/next-photos/SuddenWeekly/656/160pixfolder/cover/1.jpg |date=31 July 2008 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1945|2008}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 9kzr54lxs9rrhigm8dmvmapz8sbh75j 0 246286 1589978 2026-08-21T16:33:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Norma Jean Darden''' ni [[mpishi]] wa kitaalamu wa huduma za chakula na mwanamitindo wa zamani wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 2011, alitambuliwa katika Tuzo za Game Changer za Huffington Post. Tuzo hizo zilitolewa kwa heshima kwa wanamitindo Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika walioshiriki katika Maonyesho ya Mitindo ya Vita vya Versailles, yaliyofanyika tarehe 28 Novemba 1973 katika Jumba la Versailles huko Versailles, Ufaransa. Maonyesho hayo yaliandaliwa kwa le...' 1589978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norma Jean Darden''' ni [[mpishi]] wa kitaalamu wa huduma za chakula na mwanamitindo wa zamani wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 2011, alitambuliwa katika Tuzo za Game Changer za Huffington Post. Tuzo hizo zilitolewa kwa heshima kwa wanamitindo Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika walioshiriki katika Maonyesho ya Mitindo ya Vita vya Versailles, yaliyofanyika tarehe 28 Novemba 1973 katika Jumba la Versailles huko Versailles, Ufaransa. Maonyesho hayo yaliandaliwa kwa lengo la kuchangisha fedha za kukarabati jumba hilo. Darden alikuwa miongoni mwa wanamitindo kadhaa waliotambuliwa, wakiwemo Pat Cleveland, Bethann Hardison, Billie Blair, Alva Chinn, Charlene Dash, Jennifer Brice, Barbara Jackson, China Machado, Ramona Saunders na Amina Warsuma.<ref>{{Citation|title=Norma Jean Darden|date=2026-01-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norma_Jean_Darden&oldid=1332408063|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Mwaka 1978, Darden pamoja na dada yake Carole Darden waliandika na kuchapisha [[kitabu]] cha mapishi kiitwacho ''Spoonbread and Strawberry Wine''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7560/745483/html|title=The Jemima Code: Two Centuries of African American Cookbooks|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=2015-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2671-8|doi=10.7560/745483}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 2ndp27ndoy8izv394nc3s39znwjmli6 1589995 1589978 2026-08-21T17:10:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1589995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norma Jean Darden''' ni [[mpishi]] wa kitaalamu wa huduma za chakula na mwanamitindo wa zamani wa [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 2011, alitambuliwa katika Tuzo za Game Changer za Huffington Post. Tuzo hizo zilitolewa kwa heshima kwa wanamitindo Waamerika wenye asili ya Afrika walioshiriki katika Maonyesho ya Mitindo ya Vita vya Versailles, yaliyofanyika tarehe 28 Novemba 1973 katika Jumba la Versailles huko Versailles, Ufaransa. Maonyesho hayo yaliandaliwa kwa lengo la kuchangisha fedha za kukarabati jumba hilo. Darden alikuwa miongoni mwa wanamitindo kadhaa waliotambuliwa, wakiwemo Pat Cleveland, Bethann Hardison, Billie Blair, Alva Chinn, Charlene Dash, Jennifer Brice, Barbara Jackson, China Machado, Ramona Saunders na Amina Warsuma.<ref>{{Citation|title=Norma Jean Darden|date=2026-01-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norma_Jean_Darden&oldid=1332408063|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Mwaka 1978, Darden pamoja na dada yake Carole Darden waliandika na kuchapisha [[kitabu]] cha mapishi kiitwacho ''Spoonbread and Strawberry Wine''.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7560/745483/html|title=The Jemima Code: Two Centuries of African American Cookbooks|last=Tipton-Martin|first=Toni|date=2015-12-31|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2671-8|doi=10.7560/745483}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] bdk1k9kr3c2vi594tpptgi262s6bhxr 0 246287 1589979 2026-08-21T16:36:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Demene Hall''' (Novemba 4, 1949 – Juni 27, 2018)<ref>{{Citation|title=Obituary - Demene E. Hall - The Seattle Medium|date=2018-07-25|url=https://seattlemedium.com/obituary-demene-e-hall/|work=The Seattle Medium|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya kutisha ya mwaka 1977 ''Death Bed: The Bed That Eats''. Mbali na kazi zake katika [[filamu]] na televisheni, Ha...' 1589979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Demene Hall''' (Novemba 4, 1949 – Juni 27, 2018)<ref>{{Citation|title=Obituary - Demene E. Hall - The Seattle Medium|date=2018-07-25|url=https://seattlemedium.com/obituary-demene-e-hall/|work=The Seattle Medium|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya kutisha ya mwaka 1977 ''Death Bed: The Bed That Eats''. Mbali na kazi zake katika [[filamu]] na televisheni, Hall alikuwa mwigizaji maarufu wa jukwaani katika eneo la Seattle, ambako alifanya kazi hiyo kwa zaidi ya miongo kadhaa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Remembering the Extraordinary Seattle Actor, Demene E. Hall|url=https://www.thestranger.com/slog/2018/07/21/29461616/remembering-the-extraordinary-seattle-actor-demene-e-hall|work=The Stranger|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] c4wjegqnf6plkh7wjrs5yhwa0isyy52 0 246288 1589980 2026-08-21T16:39:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Clara Denise Marcelle''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia ambaye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 61 katika Parokia ya East Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Alimrithi mwanademokrasia mwenzake Alfred C. Williams, aliyefariki akiwa madarakani tarehe 4 Agosti 2015. Katika [[uchaguzi]] wa awali uliofanyika tarehe 24 Oktoba 2015, Marcelle alishinda nafasi hiyo baada ya kumshinda mpinzani wake pekee, mwanademokrasia...' 1589980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clara Denise Marcelle''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia ambaye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 61 katika Parokia ya East Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Alimrithi mwanademokrasia mwenzake Alfred C. Williams, aliyefariki akiwa madarakani tarehe 4 Agosti 2015. Katika [[uchaguzi]] wa awali uliofanyika tarehe 24 Oktoba 2015, Marcelle alishinda nafasi hiyo baada ya kumshinda mpinzani wake pekee, mwanademokrasia mwenzake Donna Collins-Lewis, kwa kura 4,971 (asilimia 60.6) dhidi ya kura 3,237 (asilimia 39.4).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Louisiana Secretary of State - Text-Based Election Results|url=https://voterportal.sos.la.gov/static/10242015/10242015_Legislative.html|work=voterportal.sos.la.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Kabla ya kuchaguliwa katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana mwaka 2015, Marcelle na aliyekuwa mwakilishi wa [[jimbo]] Ronnie Edwards wa Wilaya ya 29 walihudumu katika Baraza la Jiji la Baton Rouge. Edwards alifariki mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2016 kutokana na saratani ya kongosho, chini ya miezi miwili baada ya kuanza kuhudumu. Mwaka 2016, Marcelle aligombea bila mafanikio nafasi ya meya-rais wa Baton Rouge na Parokia ya East Baton Rouge. Marcelle ni mhitimu wa Shule ya Upili ya Capitol huko Baton Rouge. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] ap0q4czdvq3nkcujr1xgmhcxsik21wr 0 246289 1589981 2026-08-21T16:42:26Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bola Agbaje''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1981) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia wa [[Uingereza]] mwenye asili ya Nigeria. Yeye ni Mwanachama wa Jumuiya ya Kifalme ya Fasihi. == Wasifu == Agbaje alizaliwa katika [[Hospitali]] ya St Thomas katika eneo la Waterloo, London, Uingereza, akiwa mtoto wa wazazi wa Nigeria. Baba yake alikuwa mtumishi wa umma, huku mama yake akiwa mpishi. Alikulia katika makazi ya North Peckham. Aliishi kwa muda mfupi nchini Nigeria kati ya...' 1589981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bola Agbaje''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1981) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia wa [[Uingereza]] mwenye asili ya Nigeria. Yeye ni Mwanachama wa Jumuiya ya Kifalme ya Fasihi. == Wasifu == Agbaje alizaliwa katika [[Hospitali]] ya St Thomas katika eneo la Waterloo, London, Uingereza, akiwa mtoto wa wazazi wa Nigeria. Baba yake alikuwa mtumishi wa umma, huku mama yake akiwa mpishi. Alikulia katika makazi ya North Peckham. Aliishi kwa muda mfupi nchini Nigeria kati ya umri wa miaka sita na minane. Baada ya kuanza masomo katika [[Shule]] ya Tamthilia ya Identity, Agbaje aliacha masomo hayo na badala yake akajiunga na Mpango wa Waandishi Vijana wa Ukumbi wa Royal Court.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bola Agbaje – One of England’s most talented playwrights – Black Women in Europe®|url=https://blackwomenineurope.com/bola-agbaje-one-of-englands-most-talented-playwrights/|date=2012-04-24|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Adrianne}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] 0qp4q9o7888au5mmt21pu9icqspsu8d 0 246290 1589982 2026-08-21T16:44:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Terry Cummings''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Georgia. Anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Georgia]], akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 39.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Terry Cummings|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Terry_Cummings|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]]' 1589982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terry Cummings''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Georgia. Anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Georgia]], akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 39.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Terry Cummings|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Terry_Cummings|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 2m6usaj5v4fmpo395i43wuf448pqvck 1590008 1589982 2026-08-21T18:21:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terry Cummings''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Georgia. Anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Georgia]], akiwakilisha [[Wilaya]] ya 39.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Terry Cummings|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Terry_Cummings|work=Ballotpedia|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] dcs11mb4gol0we58zwysgbrmuaf5irm 0 246291 1589983 2026-08-21T16:47:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandra Bass''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa siasa kutoka Marekani. Ana shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa naibu mkuu wa wanafunzi na mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Huduma za Umma katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Bass|url=https://blogs.berkeley.edu/author/sbass/|work=The Berkeley Blog|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Bass ameandika...' 1589983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Bass''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa siasa kutoka Marekani. Ana shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa naibu mkuu wa wanafunzi na mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Huduma za Umma katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Bass|url=https://blogs.berkeley.edu/author/sbass/|work=The Berkeley Blog|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Bass ameandika makala kuhusu uhusiano kati ya rangi na utendaji wa polisi nchini [[Marekani]], ikiwa ni pamoja na makala ''Policing Space, Policing Race: Social Control Imperatives and Police Discretionary Decisions'', iliyochapishwa katika jarida la ''Social Justice''. Pia amewahi kuwa [[mwenyekiti]] wa bodi ya Kituo cha Ella Baker cha Haki za Binadamu. Waandishi Margaret Wheatley na Grace Lee Boggs ni miongoni mwa watu aliowataja kuwa wameathiri kazi yake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sandra Bass {{!}} OLLI @Berkeley|url=https://olli.berkeley.edu/faculty_bio/sandra-bass|work=olli.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] atqm10pbp8a0vjfrdvvt928efng1uh4 1590006 1589983 2026-08-21T17:53:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Bass''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa siasa kutoka Marekani. Ana shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa naibu mkuu wa wanafunzi na mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Huduma za Umma katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sandra Bass|url=https://blogs.berkeley.edu/author/sbass/|work=The Berkeley Blog|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> Bass ameandika makala kuhusu uhusiano kati ya rangi na utendaji wa polisi nchini [[Marekani]], ikiwa ni pamoja na makala ''Policing Space, Policing Race: Social Control Imperatives and Police Discretionary Decisions'', iliyochapishwa katika jarida la ''Social Justice''. Pia amewahi kuwa [[mwenyekiti]] wa bodi ya Kituo cha Ella Baker cha Haki za Binadamu. Waandishi Margaret Wheatley na Grace Lee Boggs ni miongoni mwa watu aliowataja kuwa wameathiri kazi yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sandra Bass {{!}} OLLI @Berkeley|url=https://olli.berkeley.edu/faculty_bio/sandra-bass|work=olli.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] owteea1glmcujewjkk382ap9qqlvgek 0 246292 1589987 2026-08-21T16:50:36Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kathleen Newman-Bremang''' ni [[mwandishi]] na mtangazaji wa Kanada, anayejulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa habari na mhariri katika ''Refinery29'', pamoja na kuwa mchangiaji wa mara kwa mara katika kipindi cha sanaa na utamaduni ''Q'' cha CBC Radio One. Pia amewahi kufanya kazi kama mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni, ikiwemo ''The Social'', ''eTalk'' na Tuzo za Muziki za MuchMusic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Refinery29 expands Unbothered into Canada, u...' 1589987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathleen Newman-Bremang''' ni [[mwandishi]] na mtangazaji wa Kanada, anayejulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa habari na mhariri katika ''Refinery29'', pamoja na kuwa mchangiaji wa mara kwa mara katika kipindi cha sanaa na utamaduni ''Q'' cha CBC Radio One. Pia amewahi kufanya kazi kama mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni, ikiwemo ''The Social'', ''eTalk'' na Tuzo za Muziki za MuchMusic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Refinery29 expands Unbothered into Canada, uplifting Black women's stories {{!}} Daily Hive {{!}} Lifestyle|url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/refinery29-unbothered-canada|work=Daily Hive|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2021, alishiriki katika mijadala ya kwanza ya ''Canada Listens'' ya CBC Music, ambapo aliunga mkono albamu ''Quest for Fire: Firestarter, Vol. 1'' ya Kardinal Offishall. Albamu hiyo ilishinda mashindano hayo. Mwaka 2022, Newman-Bremang aliteuliwa kwa [[Tuzo]] ya Skrini ya Kanada katika kipengele cha [[Mtangazaji]] Bora wa Kipindi au Mfululizo wa Mtandaoni. Aliteuliwa pamoja na Elaine Lui kwa kuandaa kwa pamoja matangazo ya moja kwa moja ya Tuzo za Chama cha Wakosoaji wa Filamu wa Toronto za mwaka 2020. Pia alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa washindi watatu wa kwanza wa Tuzo ya Changemaker ya Chuo cha Sinema na Televisheni cha Kanada, pamoja na Amanda Parris na Kayla Grey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maitreyi Ramakrishnan to Receive Canadian Screen Awards Special Honor|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/maitreyi-ramakrishnan-canadian-screen-awards-honor-1235075992/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2022-01-18|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Etan Vlessing}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] smplm2r559txz0ewngt46dkeybeg0do 1590052 1589987 2026-08-21T20:30:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathleen Newman-Bremang''' ni [[mwandishi]] na mtangazaji wa Kanada, anayejulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa habari na mhariri katika ''Refinery29'', pamoja na kuwa mchangiaji wa mara kwa mara katika kipindi cha sanaa na utamaduni ''Q'' cha CBC Radio One. Pia amewahi kufanya kazi kama mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni, ikiwemo ''The Social'', ''eTalk'' na Tuzo za Muziki za MuchMusic.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Refinery29 expands Unbothered into Canada, uplifting Black women's stories {{!}} Daily Hive {{!}} Lifestyle|url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/refinery29-unbothered-canada|work=Daily Hive|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2021, alishiriki katika mijadala ya kwanza ya ''Canada Listens'' ya CBC Music, ambapo aliunga mkono albamu ''Quest for Fire: Firestarter, Vol. 1'' ya Kardinal Offishall. Albamu hiyo ilishinda mashindano hayo. Mwaka 2022, Newman-Bremang aliteuliwa kwa [[Tuzo]] ya Skrini ya Kanada katika kipengele cha [[Mtangazaji]] Bora wa Kipindi au Mfululizo wa Mtandaoni. Aliteuliwa pamoja na Elaine Lui kwa kuandaa kwa pamoja matangazo ya moja kwa moja ya Tuzo za Chama cha Wakosoaji wa Filamu wa Toronto za mwaka 2020. Pia alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa washindi watatu wa kwanza wa Tuzo ya Changemaker ya Chuo cha Sinema na Televisheni cha Kanada, pamoja na Amanda Parris na Kayla Grey.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maitreyi Ramakrishnan to Receive Canadian Screen Awards Special Honor|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/maitreyi-ramakrishnan-canadian-screen-awards-honor-1235075992/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2022-01-18|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Etan Vlessing}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6sba72bxgsjfetozs38q2pzo3wl1xzd 0 246293 1589988 2026-08-21T16:55:15Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jackie Carter''' (Juni 28, 1953 – Aprili 13, 2016) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka [[Marekani]]. Lengo lake lilikuwa kuwasaidia watoto wa rangi zote kujiona na kujitambua kupitia wahusika na picha zinazowakilisha maisha yao katika vitabu wanavyosoma. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Carter alizaliwa Juni 28, 1953, huko Port Chester, New York<ref>{{Citation|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=Jackie Carter, Who Pushed for Racial Diversity in...' 1589988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackie Carter''' (Juni 28, 1953 – Aprili 13, 2016) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vya watoto kutoka [[Marekani]]. Lengo lake lilikuwa kuwasaidia watoto wa rangi zote kujiona na kujitambua kupitia wahusika na picha zinazowakilisha maisha yao katika vitabu wanavyosoma. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Carter alizaliwa Juni 28, 1953, huko Port Chester, New York<ref>{{Citation|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=Jackie Carter, Who Pushed for Racial Diversity in Children’s Books, Dies at 62|date=2016-04-21|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/21/books/jackie-carter-who-pushed-for-racial-diversity-in-childrens-books-dies-at-62.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref>. Wazazi wake wote wawili, William A. Carter na Earnestine Carter, walifanya kazi katika wilaya ya shule ya Middletown. Baba yake alikuwa mkuu wa kwanza wa [[shule]] Mwafrika-Mmarekani katika wilaya hiyo. Carter alipata shahada ya elimu ya utotoni kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Hampton. Baadaye alipata [[shahada]] ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika Teknolojia ya Maelekezo ya Kielimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New York.<ref>{{Citation|title=JACKIE CARTER|url=https://www.recordonline.com/article/20160417/obituaries/304179990|work=recordonline.com|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] 32sfyzwtaoc3zpk8apoeumt7c1vhdu8 0 246294 1589989 2026-08-21T16:58:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chynah Tyler''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Jumuiya ya [[Madola]] ya Massachusetts. Alichaguliwa kuwakilisha Wilaya ya 7 ya Suffolk katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Massachusetts. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Massachusetts na alimrithi Gloria Fox mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Representative Chynah Tyler|url=https://malegislature.gov/Legislators/Profile/C_T1|work=malegislature.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Tyler aliku...' 1589989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chynah Tyler''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka Jumuiya ya [[Madola]] ya Massachusetts. Alichaguliwa kuwakilisha Wilaya ya 7 ya Suffolk katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Massachusetts. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Massachusetts na alimrithi Gloria Fox mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Representative Chynah Tyler|url=https://malegislature.gov/Legislators/Profile/C_T1|work=malegislature.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Tyler alikulia Boston na alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Northeastern, ambako alisomea haki ya jinai. Pia ni mwanachama wa Kikundi cha Wabunge [[Weusi]] na Walatino cha Massachusetts. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hfh8m9hyv02ihdd5v1mnw2n4hkz89lf 1590270 1589989 2026-08-22T09:24:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chynah Tyler''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani kutoka [[Massachusetts]]. Alichaguliwa kuwakilisha Wilaya ya 7 ya Suffolk katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Massachusetts. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Massachusetts na alimrithi Gloria Fox mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Representative Chynah Tyler|url=https://malegislature.gov/Legislators/Profile/C_T1|work=malegislature.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Tyler alikulia Boston na alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Northeastern, ambako alisomea haki ya jinai. Pia ni mwanachama wa Kikundi cha Wabunge [[Weusi]] na Walatino cha Massachusetts. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 60kokzba6sqwj391u0x5ign1noaern7 0 246295 1589990 2026-08-21T17:00:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brandi Chavonne Massey''' (alizaliwa Agosti 12, 1979) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[mwimbaji]] wa Marekani. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sanaa za Ubunifu na Maonyesho huko Cincinnati, Ohio. Alifanya onyesho lake la kwanza kwenye Broadway mwaka 1997 katika toleo la ''Jekyll and Hyde'', ambako alikuwa sehemu ya kundi la waigizaji na pia mbadala wa nafasi ya Lucy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-rAxSOTQJwC&pg=PA62|title=The Playbi...' 1589990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brandi Chavonne Massey''' (alizaliwa Agosti 12, 1979) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[mwimbaji]] wa Marekani. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sanaa za Ubunifu na Maonyesho huko Cincinnati, Ohio. Alifanya onyesho lake la kwanza kwenye Broadway mwaka 1997 katika toleo la ''Jekyll and Hyde'', ambako alikuwa sehemu ya kundi la waigizaji na pia mbadala wa nafasi ya Lucy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-rAxSOTQJwC&pg=PA62|title=The Playbill Broadway Yearbook|last=Viagas|first=Robert|last2=Asch|first2=Amy|date=2005|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-1-55783-682-3|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye, Massey aliigiza katika maonyesho mbalimbali ya Broadway, yakiwemo ''Caroline, or Change'', ambako alicheza nafasi ya Redio, na ''Wicked'', ambako alikuwa sehemu ya kundi la waigizaji na mbadala wa nafasi ya Elphaba. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] tnjxycob7mraa1llsc6neu41j1owsjd 0 246296 1590011 2026-08-21T18:37:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Annette Anderson''' (Julai 27, 1874 – Mei 2, 1922) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa Marekani wa [[sarufi]] na historia, na alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Phi Beta Kappa. == Wasifu == Anderson alizaliwa Julai 27, 1874, huko Shoreham, Vermont, akiwa [[binti]] wa William na Philomine (Langlois) Anderson. Baba yake alikuwa mkulima na mtumwa aliyejikomboa kutoka Virginia, huku mama yake akiwa mhamiaji kutoka Kanada...' 1590011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Annette Anderson''' (Julai 27, 1874 – Mei 2, 1922) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa Marekani wa [[sarufi]] na historia, na alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Phi Beta Kappa. == Wasifu == Anderson alizaliwa Julai 27, 1874, huko Shoreham, Vermont, akiwa [[binti]] wa William na Philomine (Langlois) Anderson. Baba yake alikuwa mkulima na mtumwa aliyejikomboa kutoka Virginia, huku mama yake akiwa mhamiaji kutoka Kanada mwenye asili ya Kifaransa na ya Wenyeji wa Amerika. Kaka yake mdogo, William John Anderson Jr., baadaye akawa Mwafrika-Mmarekani wa pili kuhudumu katika [[Bunge]] Kuu la Vermont.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Museum Catalog — Vermont Historical Society|url=https://vermonthistory.org/catalog?folder=56d15100-b0bc-11ea-8b9c-2d3a225c104e&entry=b1a9e370-b0bd-11ea-8b9c-2d3a225c104e|work=vermonthistory.org|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Anderson alisoma katika Shule ya Northfield kwa Wasichana Vijana huko Northfield, Massachusetts, kabla ya kujiunga na Chuo cha Middlebury mwaka 1895. Alihitimu mwaka 1899 akiwa mwanafunzi bora wa darasa, na hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Phi Beta Kappa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1874]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1922]] j2dpam0mkk9yeokhdmbpgu80nbn8yr0 1590076 1590011 2026-08-21T21:46:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Annette Anderson''' (Julai 27, 1874 – Mei 2, 1922) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa Marekani wa [[sarufi]] na historia, na alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Phi Beta Kappa. == Wasifu == Anderson alizaliwa Julai 27, 1874, huko Shoreham, Vermont, akiwa [[binti]] wa William na Philomine (Langlois) Anderson. Baba yake alikuwa mkulima na mtumwa aliyejikomboa kutoka Virginia, huku mama yake akiwa mhamiaji kutoka Kanada mwenye asili ya Kifaransa na ya Wenyeji wa Amerika. Kaka yake mdogo, William John Anderson Jr., baadaye akawa Mwafrika-Mmarekani wa pili kuhudumu katika [[Bunge]] Kuu la Vermont.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museum Catalog — Vermont Historical Society|url=https://vermonthistory.org/catalog?folder=56d15100-b0bc-11ea-8b9c-2d3a225c104e&entry=b1a9e370-b0bd-11ea-8b9c-2d3a225c104e|work=vermonthistory.org|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Anderson alisoma katika Shule ya Northfield kwa Wasichana Vijana huko Northfield, Massachusetts, kabla ya kujiunga na Chuo cha Middlebury mwaka 1895. Alihitimu mwaka 1899 akiwa mwanafunzi bora wa darasa, na hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Phi Beta Kappa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1874]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1922]] 9oehiru8udrberbrjw92n4p1r6yocpf 0 246297 1590012 2026-08-21T18:38:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javier Pedro Saviola Fernández''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [xaˈβjeɾ ˈpeðɾo saˈβjola feɾˈnandes]; alizaliwa [[11 Desemba]] [[1981]]), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la utani El Conejo (''Sungura''), ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Alilelewa katika akademi ya Club Atlético River Plate, klabu ambayo alianza kuichezea timu ya wakubwa mwaka 1998. == Maisha ya klabu == === River Plate === Saviola alizaliwa jijini Buenos Aires, Argentina. Alianza kuichezea River Plate akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16, na baadaye akawa mfungaji mahiri wa mabao katika [[klabu]] hiyo. Aliisaidia River Plate kushinda ubingwa wa Apertura wa mwaka 1999 na ubingwa wa Clausura wa mwaka 2000. Pia alitunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa Amerika Kusini mwaka 1999. Wakati huo, Saviola alikuwa bado na umri wa miaka 18.<ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j1213.html</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/290/Javier_Saviola.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kq2dzszf4avsekvdtvtt29mo8qvd1uz 0 246298 1590014 2026-08-21T18:43:55Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergio Daniel “Checho” Batista''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [ˈseɾxjo ðaˈnjel ˈtʃetʃo βaˈtista]; alizaliwa [[9 Novemba]] [[1962]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka kutoka [[Argentina]] na aliyekuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa timu ya taifa ya Argentina. Akiwa mchezaji, alicheza nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu za Argentinos Juniors, River Plate, Nueva Chicago, Tosu Futures na All Boys. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina mara 39 kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1990, kipindi ambacho timu hiyo ilifanikiwa kushinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1986. == Maisha ya uchezaji == === Klabu === Batista alicheza soka katika ngazi za vijana katika klabu ya Argentinos Juniors, na alianza kucheza katika kikosi cha kwanza [[mwaka]] 1981. Akiwa na Argentinos Juniors, alishinda ubingwa wa Metropolitano wa 1984 na ubingwa wa Nacional wa 1985 wa Ligi Kuu ya Argentina (Argentine Primera División), pamoja na Copa Libertadores ya 1985. Mwaka 1988, Batista alihamia River Plate, ambapo alisaidia klabu hiyo kushinda ubingwa wa ligi wa msimu wa 1989–90. Mwaka 1992, alihamia Nueva Chicago.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18626/Sergio_Batista.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfa.com.ar/jugadores-SERGIO-DANIEL-BATISTA-754.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5vr9xtpye251jn09nzyrorxo4grqodd 0 246299 1590015 2026-08-21T18:43:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Annie Cummings Greenaway''' (16 Juni 1905 – 1995) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa solo wa sauti ya soprano mwenye asili ya Montserrat na Marekani. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Greenaway alizaliwa mwaka 1905 katika Parokia ya Saint Peter, Montserrat, akiwa na asili ya Afrika. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka mitatu, mama yake, Mary Cummings, alihamia Trinidad na baadaye Marekani, akimwacha Annie chini ya uangalizi wa [[shangazi]] yake. Alijiunga na kwaya ya ka...' 1590015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annie Cummings Greenaway''' (16 Juni 1905 – 1995) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa solo wa sauti ya soprano mwenye asili ya Montserrat na Marekani. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Greenaway alizaliwa mwaka 1905 katika Parokia ya Saint Peter, Montserrat, akiwa na asili ya Afrika. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka mitatu, mama yake, Mary Cummings, alihamia Trinidad na baadaye Marekani, akimwacha Annie chini ya uangalizi wa [[shangazi]] yake. Alijiunga na kwaya ya [[kanisa]] lake alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 11. Mwaka 1923, alikwenda kuishi na mama yake huko New York City, ambako alisoma shule ya sekondari na baadaye akaendelea na masomo katika Chuo cha Muziki cha New York, alichosoma kwa miaka mitatu. Mwaka 1929, Greenaway alipata uraia wa Marekani. Mwaka 1932, alifunga ndoa na Joseph Greenaway. == <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oct 02, 1937, page 9 - The New York Age at Newspapers.com™|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/40835703/?terms=Annie%20cummings%20greenaway&match=1|work=Newspapers.com|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref>Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1995]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 1qa75ly0b4piqxwnbyijbewogkryahu 0 246300 1590018 2026-08-21T18:47:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Roxane Lee Prettyman''' (alizaliwa Machi 15, 1957) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kutoka Maryland. Kuanzia mwaka 2021 hadi 2023, alihudumu katika Baraza la Wajumbe la Maryland, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 44A, inayopatikana katika [[jiji]] la Baltimore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roxane L. Prettyman, Maryland State Delegate|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/06hse/html/msa18311.html|work=msa.maryland.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Maisha...' 1590018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roxane Lee Prettyman''' (alizaliwa Machi 15, 1957) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kutoka Maryland. Kuanzia mwaka 2021 hadi 2023, alihudumu katika Baraza la Wajumbe la Maryland, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 44A, inayopatikana katika [[jiji]] la Baltimore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roxane L. Prettyman, Maryland State Delegate|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/06hse/html/msa18311.html|work=msa.maryland.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Prettyman alizaliwa katika eneo la Sandtown-Winchester huko Baltimore. Kabla ya kushika wadhifa wa kisiasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kisheria katika Utawala wa Hifadhi ya Jamii wa [[Marekani]] kwa miaka 39, kabla ya kustaafu mwaka 2018. Kwa sasa, anahudumu kama mkurugenzi wa mahusiano na ushirikishwaji wa jamii katika Kanisa la First Mount Calvary Baptist na pia ni mwanachama wa bodi mbalimbali za jamii. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa mwanachama hai wa Kamati Kuu ya [[Jimbo]] ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Jiji la Baltimore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet the Freshmen: New Faces Join the General Assembly for the Special Session|url=https://marylandmatters.org/2021/12/06/meet-the-freshmen-new-faces-join-the-general-assembly-for-the-special-session/|work=Maryland Matters|date=2021-12-06|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Elizabeth Shwe}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jbr0nwndjgffnhy6bkjerahm4lep72u 1590123 1590018 2026-08-21T23:53:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roxane Lee Prettyman''' (alizaliwa Machi 15, 1957) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kutoka Maryland. Kuanzia mwaka 2021 hadi 2023, alihudumu katika Baraza la Wajumbe la Maryland, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 44A, inayopatikana katika [[jiji]] la Baltimore.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Roxane L. Prettyman, Maryland State Delegate|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/06hse/html/msa18311.html|work=msa.maryland.gov|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Prettyman alizaliwa katika eneo la Sandtown-Winchester huko Baltimore. Kabla ya kushika wadhifa wa kisiasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kisheria katika Utawala wa Hifadhi ya Jamii wa [[Marekani]] kwa miaka 39, kabla ya kustaafu mwaka 2018. Kwa sasa, anahudumu kama mkurugenzi wa mahusiano na ushirikishwaji wa jamii katika Kanisa la First Mount Calvary Baptist na pia ni mwanachama wa bodi mbalimbali za jamii. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa mwanachama hai wa Kamati Kuu ya [[Jimbo]] ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Jiji la Baltimore.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meet the Freshmen: New Faces Join the General Assembly for the Special Session|url=https://marylandmatters.org/2021/12/06/meet-the-freshmen-new-faces-join-the-general-assembly-for-the-special-session/|work=Maryland Matters|date=2021-12-06|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US|author=Elizabeth Shwe}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ja388dk9y4e1wqsqy6l0wlamw6rqsdo 0 246301 1590019 2026-08-21T18:49:44Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabricio Tomás Coloccini''' (Kihispania: [faˈβɾisjo koloˈtʃini]; Kiitalia: [kolotˈtʃiːni]; alizaliwa [[22 Januari]] [[1982]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki wa kati. Kwa sasa ni [[kocha]] msaidizi wa Fernando Gago katika klabu ya Universidad de Chile. Coloccini alianza maisha yake ya soka katika ngazi ya klabu akiwa na Boca Juniors nchini Argentina, ambako uchezaji wake uliwavutia AC Milan. == Maisha ya klabu == === Boca Juniors === Coloccini alizaliwa jijini Córdoba, katika Mkoa wa Córdoba, Argentina. Alianza safari yake ya soka katika timu ya vijana ya Argentinos Juniors, lakini alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa [[mwaka]] 1998 akiwa na Boca Juniors. Katika msimu wake mmoja na Boca Juniors, alicheza mchezo mmoja wa [[ligi]], ambapo alianza katika kikosi cha kwanza.<ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j730.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldsoccer.com/world-soccer-latest/deportivo-sign-coloccini-61139</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} tbysnas54ene22od87oy8e94nl6r39u 0 246302 1590020 2026-08-21T18:50:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Natalie E. Brown''' ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa Marekani ambaye ni mwanachama wa kudumu wa Huduma ya Juu ya Kigeni ya Marekani, akiwa na cheo cha ''Minister Counselor''. Mwaka 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Marekani nchini Uganda, na uteuzi wake ulithibitishwa tarehe 6 Agosti 2020. Alifika Uganda mwishoni mwa wiki ya tarehe 31 Oktoba 2020 na kuwasilisha hati zake za utambulisho tarehe 17 Novemba 2020. Kabla ya hapo, Brown alihudumu kama Mkuu wa Ujumbe...' 1590020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalie E. Brown''' ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa Marekani ambaye ni mwanachama wa kudumu wa Huduma ya Juu ya Kigeni ya Marekani, akiwa na cheo cha ''Minister Counselor''. Mwaka 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Marekani nchini Uganda, na uteuzi wake ulithibitishwa tarehe 6 Agosti 2020. Alifika Uganda mwishoni mwa wiki ya tarehe 31 Oktoba 2020 na kuwasilisha hati zake za utambulisho tarehe 17 Novemba 2020. Kabla ya hapo, Brown alihudumu kama Mkuu wa Ujumbe na Kaimu Balozi wa [[Ubalozi]] wa Marekani nchini Eritrea, jijini Asmara, kuanzia Septemba 2016 hadi Novemba 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Homepage|url=https://washdiplomat.com/|work=Washington Diplomat|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref>Brown alipata shahada ya [[Sayansi]] kutoka Shule ya Huduma za Kigeni ya Chuo Kikuu cha Georgetown mwaka 1988. Mwaka 1999, alipata shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi kutoka Chuo cha Kamandi na Wafanyakazi cha Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] gm9gvloiz7u09tm65wfihmakkvv1xyi 1590113 1590020 2026-08-21T23:06:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalie E. Brown''' ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa Marekani ambaye ni mwanachama wa kudumu wa Huduma ya Juu ya Kigeni ya Marekani, akiwa na cheo cha ''Minister Counselor''. Mwaka 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi wa Marekani nchini Uganda, na uteuzi wake ulithibitishwa tarehe 6 Agosti 2020. Alifika Uganda mwishoni mwa wiki ya tarehe 31 Oktoba 2020 na kuwasilisha hati zake za utambulisho tarehe 17 Novemba 2020. Kabla ya hapo, Brown alihudumu kama Mkuu wa Ujumbe na Kaimu Balozi wa [[Ubalozi]] wa Marekani nchini Eritrea, jijini Asmara, kuanzia Septemba 2016 hadi Novemba 2019. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Homepage|url=https://washdiplomat.com/|work=Washington Diplomat|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref>Brown alipata shahada ya [[Sayansi]] kutoka Shule ya Huduma za Kigeni ya Chuo Kikuu cha Georgetown mwaka 1988. Mwaka 1999, alipata shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi kutoka Chuo cha Kamandi na Wafanyakazi cha Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] dfr6nmndkkj01xwywzqk7whqtq7cig3 0 246303 1590022 2026-08-21T18:54:49Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julia Cooper Mack''' (aliyezaliwa Perry; Julai 17, 1920 – Januari 17, 2014) alikuwa [[jaji]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Wilaya ya Columbia. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 1975. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuteuliwa katika mahakama ya juu kabisa ya rufaa nchini Marekani. Alizaliwa na Dallas Leary Perry Jr. na Emily (McCoy) Perry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JULIA MACK Obituary (2014) - Washington, DC - The Washington Post|url=https://...' 1590022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Cooper Mack''' (aliyezaliwa Perry; Julai 17, 1920 – Januari 17, 2014) alikuwa [[jaji]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Wilaya ya Columbia. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 1975. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuteuliwa katika mahakama ya juu kabisa ya rufaa nchini Marekani. Alizaliwa na Dallas Leary Perry Jr. na Emily (McCoy) Perry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JULIA MACK Obituary (2014) - Washington, DC - The Washington Post|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/julia-mack-obituary?id=6024973|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Camille Pleasants Obituary (2005) - Washington, DC - The Washington Post|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/camille-pleasants-obituary?id=5523417|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Mack alipata shahada ya kwanza katika [[hisabati]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Hampton na shahada ya sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Howard. Miongoni mwa makarani wake wa kwanza wa [[sheria]] alikuwa Allyson K. Duncan, ambaye baadaye akawa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuteuliwa katika Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Marekani ya Mzunguko wa Nne. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Majaji]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] o3plj0z9nbjp4owtld0m05f10whu0gl 1590044 1590022 2026-08-21T20:19:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Cooper Mack''' (aliyezaliwa Perry; Julai 17, 1920 – Januari 17, 2014) alikuwa [[jaji]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Wilaya ya Columbia. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 1975. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuteuliwa katika mahakama ya juu kabisa ya rufaa nchini Marekani. Alizaliwa na Dallas Leary Perry Jr. na Emily (McCoy) Perry.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JULIA MACK Obituary (2014) - Washington, DC - The Washington Post|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/julia-mack-obituary?id=6024973|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Camille Pleasants Obituary (2005) - Washington, DC - The Washington Post|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/camille-pleasants-obituary?id=5523417|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Mack alipata shahada ya kwanza katika [[hisabati]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Hampton na shahada ya sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Howard. Miongoni mwa makarani wake wa kwanza wa [[sheria]] alikuwa Allyson K. Duncan, ambaye baadaye akawa mwanamke wa kwanza Mwafrika-Mmarekani kuteuliwa katika Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Marekani ya Mzunguko wa Nne. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Majaji]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] 5t9nb5jst8yagc1orhafgo7mjc8m76z 0 246304 1590023 2026-08-21T18:55:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelson David Vivas''' (alizaliwa [[18 Oktoba]] [[1969]]) ni kocha wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Argentina]] na aliyekuwa mchezaji wa soka, ambaye alicheza nafasi ya beki wa kulia. Kwa sasa ni [[kocha]] msaidizi wa klabu ya Atlético Madrid inayoshiriki La Liga. Akiwa mchezaji, Vivas alichezea klabu za Quilmes, Boca Juniors na River Plate nchini Argentina; Lugano ya Uswisi; [[Arsenal]] ya England katika Ligi Kuu ya England (Premier League), Celta Vigo ya [[Hispania]] na Inter Milan ya [[Italia]] katika Serie A. Pia aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. == Maisha ya klabu == === Maisha ya soka nchini Argentina === Vivas alizaliwa katika mji wa Granadero Baigorria, katika Mkoa wa Santa Fe, Argentina. Alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika klabu ya Quilmes. Baada ya kukaa miaka mitatu huko Quilmes, alijiunga na Boca Juniors. Kwa jumla, Vivas alicheza [[mechi]] 98 na kufunga mabao matatu akiwa na Boca Juniors, inayojulikana kwa jina la utani Azul y Oro.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/309/Nelson_Vivas.html</ref><ref>http://www.yojugueenelcelta.com/2008/04/nelson-vivas.html?m=1</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3shdytruugr3tqizygdau7smin08fk0 0 246305 1590024 2026-08-21T18:57:48Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tulivu-Donna Lynn Cumberbatch''' (Julai 28, 1950 – Januari 17, 2022) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa jazi wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I89HAAAAMAAJ|title=The Jazz Discography|last=Lord|first=Tom|date=1992|publisher=Lord Music Reference|isbn=978-1-881993-21-6|language=en}}</ref> Jina lake la Kiafrika “Tulivu” limetafsiriwa kutoka Kiswahili kwa maana ya karibu kuwa “mrembo”, na jina lake la kati, “Donna Lynn...' 1590024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tulivu-Donna Lynn Cumberbatch''' (Julai 28, 1950 – Januari 17, 2022) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa jazi wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I89HAAAAMAAJ|title=The Jazz Discography|last=Lord|first=Tom|date=1992|publisher=Lord Music Reference|isbn=978-1-881993-21-6|language=en}}</ref> Jina lake la Kiafrika “Tulivu” limetafsiriwa kutoka Kiswahili kwa maana ya karibu kuwa “mrembo”, na jina lake la kati, “Donna Lynn”, limetokana na “Donna Lee”, kipande cha [[muziki]] wa jazi kilichofanywa kuwa maarufu na Charlie Parker. Baba yake, Harold Cumberbatch, alikuwa mpiga saksafoni ya baritone. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] hr1zx7pqtondkn6by982g1dnoz0qrpo 1590134 1590024 2026-08-22T00:39:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tulivu-Donna Lynn Cumberbatch''' (Julai 28, 1950 – Januari 17, 2022) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] wa jazi wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I89HAAAAMAAJ|title=The Jazz Discography|last=Lord|first=Tom|date=1992|publisher=Lord Music Reference|isbn=978-1-881993-21-6|language=en}}</ref> Jina lake la Kiafrika “Tulivu” limetafsiriwa kutoka Kiswahili kwa maana ya karibu kuwa “mrembo”, na jina lake la kati, “Donna Lynn”, limetokana na “Donna Lee”, kipande cha [[muziki]] wa jazi kilichofanywa kuwa maarufu na Charlie Parker. Baba yake, Harold Cumberbatch, alikuwa mpiga saksafoni ya baritone. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 7bfatamdzf8kgrjpdy8t9ryhl9elcii 0 246306 1590025 2026-08-21T19:00:35Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cynthia Haymon-Coleman''' (alizaliwa Septemba 6, 1958, huko Jacksonville, Florida) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa soprano wa Marekani. Anajulikana kwa uzuri wa [[sauti]] yake na urahisi unaoonekana katika matumizi yake ya sauti, na katika miaka ya hivi karibuni amejulikana pia kama mwalimu wa uimbaji. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya muziki katika uimbaji kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern. Mwaka 2016, alistaafu kutoka kitivo cha Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois huko Urbana-Cha...' 1590025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cynthia Haymon-Coleman''' (alizaliwa Septemba 6, 1958, huko Jacksonville, Florida) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa soprano wa Marekani. Anajulikana kwa uzuri wa [[sauti]] yake na urahisi unaoonekana katika matumizi yake ya sauti, na katika miaka ya hivi karibuni amejulikana pia kama mwalimu wa uimbaji. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya muziki katika uimbaji kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern. Mwaka 2016, alistaafu kutoka kitivo cha Chuo Kikuu cha Illinois huko Urbana-Champaign, na kwa sasa anafundisha binafsi katika studio yake huko Champaign, Illinois. == Maonyesho == Majukumu yake ya [[uimbaji]] wa opera yanajumuisha Bess katika ''Porgy and Bess'', Liù katika ''Turandot'', Mimì katika ''La bohème'', Poppea katika ''L'incoronazione di Poppea'', Micaela katika ''Carmen'', Pamina katika ''The Magic Flute'', Lauretta katika ''Gianni Schicchi'', na Susanna katika ''The Marriage of Figaro''. Alishiriki katika onyesho la kwanza duniani la “Seven for Luck” la John Williams pamoja na Boston Symphony Orchestra. Kipande hicho kiliandikwa kwa ajili ya soprano na okestra na kinatumia [[maandishi]] ya Rita Dove. Aliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Grammy kutokana na uigizaji wake kama Bess,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cynthia Haymon Grammy Awards and Nominations, Song & Bio|url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/cynthia-haymon/3856/|work=Grammy|date=2024-01-17|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-US}}</ref> jukumu aliloliimba katika utayarishaji wa ''Glyndebourne'' wa mwaka 1986, albamu iliyotokana na utayarishaji huo mwaka 1989, na utayarishaji wa televisheni wa kazi hiyo mwaka 1993. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5yhzkmaqye5sd5vsu5rmjycpmmaajl5 0 246307 1590026 2026-08-21T19:02:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Gonzalo Montiel Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-265.jpg|thumb|Gonzalo Montiel]] '''Gonzalo Ariel Montiel''' (alizaliwa [[1 Januari]] [[1997]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Argentina]] anayecheza nafasi ya beki wa kulia katika klabu ya River Plate inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Argentina (Argentine Primera División), pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Montiel alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na River Plate mwaka 2016. Alicheza jumla ya mechi 140 na kushinda mataji mbalimbali, yakiwemo ubingwa wa Ligi Kuu ya Argentina mwaka 2021 na Copa Libertadores mwaka 2018. == Maisha binafsi == Montiel anatoka katika [[eneo]] la Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Binamu yake, Santiago Montiel, pia ni mchezaji wa soka.<ref>https://onefootball.com/es/noticias/gonzalo-montiel-da-el-salto-a-la-premier-league-38089678</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} qn72d9xphd8v5ogxivw25w25f76muly 0 246308 1590027 2026-08-21T19:05:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Naomi Thompson''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa Uingereza. Kuanzia mwanzoni hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980, alifanya [[kazi]] pamoja na Caron Wheeler na Claudia Fontaine chini ya jina Afrodiziak. Kikundi hicho kilirekodi pamoja na Haysi Fantayzee katika wimbo wao ''The Sabres of Paradise''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naomi Thompson|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/382351-Naomi-Thompson|work=Discogs|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Thompson pia aliimba saut...' 1590027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomi Thompson''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa Uingereza. Kuanzia mwanzoni hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980, alifanya [[kazi]] pamoja na Caron Wheeler na Claudia Fontaine chini ya jina Afrodiziak. Kikundi hicho kilirekodi pamoja na Haysi Fantayzee katika wimbo wao ''The Sabres of Paradise''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naomi Thompson|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/382351-Naomi-Thompson|work=Discogs|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Thompson pia aliimba sauti za usaidizi katika nyimbo mbalimbali, zikiwemo ''Chains of Love'' ya Erasure, ''Everyday I Write the Book'' ya Elvis Costello, ''Free Nelson Mandela'' ya The Specials, ''Sunset Now'', ''The Fuse'', ''Reputation'' na ''...(And That's No Lie)'' za Heaven 17.<ref>{{Citation|title=S'Express - Intercourse|date=1993-03-21|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/2935025-SExpress-Intercourse|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Aidha, alishiriki katika [[nyimbo]] ''Michael Caine'' na ''The Sweetest Girl'' za Madness, pamoja na ''Things Can Only Get Better'' na ''Life in One Day'' za Howard Jones. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] hckyfnwrqv9ccvlbz5pj5kb893p4r81 1590111 1590027 2026-08-21T23:05:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomi Thompson''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa Uingereza. Kuanzia mwanzoni hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980, alifanya [[kazi]] pamoja na Caron Wheeler na Claudia Fontaine chini ya jina Afrodiziak. Kikundi hicho kilirekodi pamoja na Haysi Fantayzee katika wimbo wao ''The Sabres of Paradise''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Naomi Thompson|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/382351-Naomi-Thompson|work=Discogs|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> Thompson pia aliimba sauti za usaidizi katika nyimbo mbalimbali, zikiwemo ''Chains of Love'' ya Erasure, ''Everyday I Write the Book'' ya Elvis Costello, ''Free Nelson Mandela'' ya The Specials, ''Sunset Now'', ''The Fuse'', ''Reputation'' na ''...(And That's No Lie)'' za Heaven 17.<ref>{{Citation|title=S'Express - Intercourse|date=1993-03-21|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/2935025-SExpress-Intercourse|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Aidha, alishiriki katika [[nyimbo]] ''Michael Caine'' na ''The Sweetest Girl'' za Madness, pamoja na ''Things Can Only Get Better'' na ''Life in One Day'' za Howard Jones. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] brknn4cidqgw8e5y2k62vctxja2i52o 0 246309 1590028 2026-08-21T19:07:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nery Alberto Pumpido''' (alizaliwa [[30 Julai]] [[1957]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka kutoka [[Argentina]] na aliyekuwa kipa wa soka, ambaye aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina katika Kombe la Dunia mara mbili. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza soka, Pumpido alianza kazi ya ukocha katika ngazi ya klabu. Mpwa wake, Facundo Pumpido, pia ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa. == Maisha ya klabu == Pumpido alianza maisha yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya Unión de Santa Fe, iliyopo katika mji alikozaliwa. Baada ya muda mfupi akiwa na Vélez Sársfield, ambako kiwango chake kizuri cha uchezaji kilimfanya aitwe katika kikosi cha Argentina kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA 1982, alihamia Club Atlético River Plate. Akiwa River Plate, Pumpido alichukua nafasi ya kipa wa timu ya taifa Ubaldo Fillol, ambaye alikuwa ameondoka katika klabu hiyo.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/14894/Nery_Pumpido.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110224020938/http://www.futbolxxi.com/Tecnico.aspx?ID=228&SEOTecnico=Pumpido+Nery+Alberto</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fxkeldwllm6zrgtlh4tmdg3voc8r5a5 0 246310 1590029 2026-08-21T19:19:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David William Abbott''' (8 Juni 1934 – 5 Machi 2016) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka New Zealand. Alizaliwa huko Longbenton, Northumberland, [[Uingereza]], mwaka 1934. Abbott alihamia Wellington, New Zealand, ambako alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi kwa zaidi ya miaka 50. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) katika Kombe la [[Dunia]] la Kriketi la Wanawake la mwaka 1982, kati ya India na International XI. Pia aliku...' 1590029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David William Abbott''' (8 Juni 1934 – 5 Machi 2016) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka New Zealand. Alizaliwa huko Longbenton, Northumberland, [[Uingereza]], mwaka 1934. Abbott alihamia Wellington, New Zealand, ambako alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi kwa zaidi ya miaka 50. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) katika Kombe la [[Dunia]] la Kriketi la Wanawake la mwaka 1982, kati ya India na International XI. Pia alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza, kati ya Wellington na Canterbury, katika msimu wa 1977–78. Abbott alifariki kutokana na [[saratani]] huko Lower Hutt, New Zealand, tarehe 5 Machi 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=David ABBOTT Obituary (2016) - Legacy Remembers|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/david-abbott-obituary?id=41775924|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] nrxjznwwifaae9wjd6tiqji5zmrvxpc 1590143 1590029 2026-08-22T01:45:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David William Abbott''' (8 Juni 1934 – 5 Machi 2016) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka New Zealand. Alizaliwa huko Longbenton, Northumberland, [[Uingereza]], mwaka 1934. Abbott alihamia Wellington, New Zealand, ambako alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi kwa zaidi ya miaka 50. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) katika Kombe la [[Dunia]] la Kriketi la Wanawake la mwaka 1982, kati ya India na International XI. Pia alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza, kati ya Wellington na Canterbury, katika msimu wa 1977–78. Abbott alifariki kutokana na [[saratani]] huko Lower Hutt, New Zealand, tarehe 5 Machi 2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=David ABBOTT Obituary (2016) - Legacy Remembers|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/david-abbott-obituary?id=41775924|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] r5igjdbgtbmcleyckkltryuuy4u3i6v 0 246311 1590030 2026-08-21T19:22:26Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gerard Abood''' (alizaliwa 28 Februari 1972) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Australia]]. Amehudumu kama mwamuzi katika mechi za mashindano ya Big Bash League, pamoja na mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja (ODI) za wanawake katika Mashindano ya ICC ya Wanawake ya 2014–2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=1st ODI: Australia Women v Pakistan Women at Brisbane, Aug 21, 2014 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/engine/match/7...' 1590030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Abood''' (alizaliwa 28 Februari 1972) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Australia]]. Amehudumu kama mwamuzi katika mechi za mashindano ya Big Bash League, pamoja na mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja (ODI) za wanawake katika Mashindano ya ICC ya Wanawake ya 2014–2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=1st ODI: Australia Women v Pakistan Women at Brisbane, Aug 21, 2014 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/engine/match/754785.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2017, pamoja na Geoff Joshua, alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa [[uwanjani]] katika mechi ya Mtihani ya Women's Ashes kati ya Australia na England. Abood alisimamia [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya Twenty20 International (T20I) kati ya Australia na England tarehe 7 Februari 2018. Alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI tarehe 9 Novemba 2018, kati ya Australia na Afrika Kusini. Kufikia Desemba 2020, alikuwa amesimamia jumla ya mechi 2 za ODI na mechi 8 za T20I. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] kogby211d060o3h7tm09umh6f6m65fp 0 246312 1590031 2026-08-21T19:22:34Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herminio Masantonio''' ([[5 Agosti]] [[1910]] – [[11 Septemba]] [[1956]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa soka wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] wa kati. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka katika klabu ya Huracán, na pia aliwakilisha Argentina katika ngazi ya kimataifa. Masantonio ni miongoni mwa wachezaji mashuhuri na magwiji wa klabu ya Huracán. == Wasifu == Masantonio alizaliwa Ensenada, katika [[eneo]] la Buenos Aires, mwaka 1910. Alianza [[maisha]] yake ya soka katika klabu ya Villa Albino Sportivo, iliyokuwa ikishiriki katika ligi ya soka ya La Plata. Alianza kucheza katika daraja la nne mwaka 1926. Miaka mitatu baadaye, mwaka 1929, Masantonio alihamia Club Platense, iliyokuwa pia ikishiriki katika [[ligi]] hiyo. Akiwa Platense, alianza kuonyesha uwezo mkubwa zaidi wa kufunga mabao.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025427/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=515</ref><ref>https://radiografica.org.ar/2021/06/01/herminio-masantonio-la-historia-del-mortero-de-parque-patricios/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} e05m3uu0j047qvgh485kqsv1w6p32sl 0 246313 1590032 2026-08-21T19:27:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harry Adams''' (1881 – 21 Desemba 1946) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika Kusini.]] Alisimamia mechi mbili za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1921 na 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Harry Adams MLB Umpire Stats {{!}} Baseball Almanac|url=https://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/umpire.php?p=adamsha88|work=www.baseball-almanac.com|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-us|author=Baseball Almanac Inc}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mt...' 1590032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Adams''' (1881 – 21 Desemba 1946) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika Kusini.]] Alisimamia mechi mbili za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1921 na 1928.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Harry Adams MLB Umpire Stats {{!}} Baseball Almanac|url=https://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/umpire.php?p=adamsha88|work=www.baseball-almanac.com|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-us|author=Baseball Almanac Inc}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1881]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1946]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] i78ppronmisxqohen9ym9ddxry8dovw 1590036 1590032 2026-08-21T19:42:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Adams''' (1881 – 21 Desemba 1946) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika Kusini.]] Alisimamia mechi mbili za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1921 na 1928.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Harry Adams MLB Umpire Stats {{!}} Baseball Almanac|url=https://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/umpire.php?p=adamsha88|work=www.baseball-almanac.com|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en-us|author=Baseball Almanac Inc}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1881]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1946]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] qhbs8y9c609x2vefn7tek91hropek24 0 246314 1590033 2026-08-21T19:30:44Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thomas Miles Adams''' (2 Mei 1808 – 20 Januari 1894) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi wa Uingereza aliyecheza katikati ya karne ya 19. Alikuwa mwanachama wa timu maarufu ya Kent ya miaka ya 1840 na aliichezea pia Klabu ya Kriketi ya Marylebone (MCC) pamoja na timu mbalimbali za All England Elevens. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na alikuwa akirusha mipira kwa mtindo wa roundarm. Adams alizaliwa huko Gravesend, Kent. Alianza kucheza katika [[msimu]] wa 1836...' 1590033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Miles Adams''' (2 Mei 1808 – 20 Januari 1894) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi wa Uingereza aliyecheza katikati ya karne ya 19. Alikuwa mwanachama wa timu maarufu ya Kent ya miaka ya 1840 na aliichezea pia Klabu ya Kriketi ya Marylebone (MCC) pamoja na timu mbalimbali za All England Elevens. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na alikuwa akirusha mipira kwa mtindo wa roundarm. Adams alizaliwa huko Gravesend, Kent. Alianza kucheza katika [[msimu]] wa 1836 na inakadiriwa kuwa alicheza zaidi ya mechi 150 muhimu kati ya mwaka 1836 na 1858. Aliichezea Kent kabla ya kuanzishwa kwa klabu ya kwanza ya kaunti mwaka 1842, na baadaye akaichezea Klabu ya Kriketi ya Kaunti ya Kent. Adams pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika mechi 20 kati ya mwaka 1852 na 1865.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/27/27415/27415.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Inaaminika kuwa mwaka 1845, Adams aliandaa uwanja wa kriketi katika Bat and Ball Ground huko Gravesend na kuendesha uwanja huo, huenda pamoja na mchezaji mwingine wa kriketi wa eneo hilo, William Smith. Uwanja huo ulitumika na Kent kwa [[mechi]] za kaunti kuanzia mwaka 1849 hadi 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1838-1852 {{!}} Discover Gravesham|url=https://www.discovergravesham.co.uk/gravesend-chronology/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:1838-1852&catid=44&Itemid=225|work=www.discovergravesham.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Adams alifariki huko Gravesend mwaka 1894 akiwa na umri wa miaka 83. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1808]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1894]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Uingereza]] c25757rip6wsagznuhg7svyn9fww1k0 1590133 1590033 2026-08-22T00:35:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Miles Adams''' (2 Mei 1808 – 20 Januari 1894) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi wa Uingereza aliyecheza katikati ya karne ya 19. Alikuwa mwanachama wa timu maarufu ya Kent ya miaka ya 1840 na aliichezea pia Klabu ya Kriketi ya Marylebone (MCC) pamoja na timu mbalimbali za All England Elevens. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na alikuwa akirusha mipira kwa mtindo wa roundarm. Adams alizaliwa huko Gravesend, Kent. Alianza kucheza katika [[msimu]] wa 1836 na inakadiriwa kuwa alicheza zaidi ya mechi 150 muhimu kati ya mwaka 1836 na 1858. Aliichezea Kent kabla ya kuanzishwa kwa klabu ya kwanza ya kaunti mwaka 1842, na baadaye akaichezea Klabu ya Kriketi ya Kaunti ya Kent. Adams pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika mechi 20 kati ya mwaka 1852 na 1865.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/27/27415/27415.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Inaaminika kuwa mwaka 1845, Adams aliandaa uwanja wa kriketi katika Bat and Ball Ground huko Gravesend na kuendesha uwanja huo, huenda pamoja na mchezaji mwingine wa kriketi wa eneo hilo, William Smith. Uwanja huo ulitumika na Kent kwa [[mechi]] za kaunti kuanzia mwaka 1849 hadi 1971.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=1838-1852 {{!}} Discover Gravesham|url=https://www.discovergravesham.co.uk/gravesend-chronology/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106:1838-1852&catid=44&Itemid=225|work=www.discovergravesham.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> Adams alifariki huko Gravesend mwaka 1894 akiwa na umri wa miaka 83. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1808]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1894]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Uingereza]] 5a8dulul7rw16z0z4kwmygeq44tw3l8 0 246315 1590034 2026-08-21T19:32:32Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Francisco “El Nene” Sanfilippo''' ([[4 Mei]] [[1935]] – [[4 Juni]] [[2026]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa soka wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]]. Alichezea klabu za San Lorenzo, Boca Juniors na Banfield nchini Argentina; Nacional nchini Uruguay; pamoja na Bangu na SC Bahia nchini [[Brazil]]. == Maisha ya klabu == Sanfilippo alizaliwa jijini Buenos Aires tarehe 4 Mei 1935. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza la ligi akiwa na San Lorenzo tarehe 21 Novemba 1953, katika [[mchezo]] dhidi ya Banfield. Aliendelea kuichezea San Lorenzo hadi mwaka 1962, ambapo alifunga jumla ya mabao 192 ya ligi. Mwaka 1963, Sanfilippo alihamia Boca Juniors. Hata hivyo, mwaka 1964, alifukuzwa katika [[klabu]] hiyo kufuatia tukio la kinidhamu lililotokea katika mchezo dhidi ya klabu yake ya zamani, San Lorenzo.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/19315/Jose_Sanfilippo.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe61102/jose-sanfilippo/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} muy8ithjhqhfieo2etoxmh5xzqomhjr 0 246316 1590037 2026-08-21T19:52:02Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Domingo Alberto Tarasconi''' ([[20 Desemba]] [[1903]] – [[3 Julai]] [[1991]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alianza kucheza katika Club Atlético Atlanta, lakini alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na Boca Juniors, ambako alishinda mataji 9 rasmi na kuwa mfungaji bora wa nne wa muda wote katika [[historia]] ya klabu hiyo, akitanguliwa na Martín Palermo, Roberto Cherro na Francisco Varallo. == Mataji == === Boca Juniors === * Primera División (5): 1923, 1924, 1926, 1930, 1931 LAF * Copa Ibarguren (2): 1923, 1924 * Copa Competencia Jockey Club (1): 1925 * Copa Estímulo (1): 1926 === Argentina === * Copa América (2): 1925, 1929 * Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto (1): 1928 — Medali ya Fedha <ref>https://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol/tarasconi-primer-rey-gol_0_VyZazjKVZ.html</ref><ref>https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/23970</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1903]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 62u5cww55htsuowqxyiwfoa7m2ej58i 0 246317 1590040 2026-08-21T19:58:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ángel Amadeo Labruna''' ([[28 Septemba]] [[1918]] – [[19 Septemba]] [[1983]]) alikuwa mchezaji na kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]], aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Akiwa amefunga mabao 323 katika [[mechi]] rasmi, yakiwemo mabao 295 katika ligi, Labruna ndiye mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa Primera División. Labruna pia alikuwa sehemu ya safu maarufu ya ushambuliaji ya River Plate iliyojulikana kwa jina la La Máquina (''Mashine''), na alichukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji bora wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Amerika Kusini]] wa kizazi chake. Katika maisha yake yote ya soka, Labruna alifunga jumla ya mabao 564. == Mafanikio == === Akiwa mchezaji === River Plate * Argentine Primera División: 1941, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957 * Copa Ibarguren: 1941, 1942, 1952 * Copa Adrián C. Escobar: 1941 * Copa Aldao: 1941, 1945, 1947 <ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe49647/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 4y80fhjxi4w6qjxe7qw2i9u6ptp2q9o 0 246318 1590041 2026-08-21T20:06:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Félix Loustau''' ([[25 Desemba]] [[1922]] – [[5 Januari]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] ambaye alikuwa mchezaji muhimu katika kikosi cha River Plate kilichojulikana kwa jina la La Máquina (''Mashine''). Kwa kawaida alicheza kama winga wa kushoto, na anatambuliwa sana kuwa miongoni mwa mawinga bora waliowahi kucheza katika Primera División ya Argentina na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Kipindi bora cha maisha yake ya [[soka]] kilikuwa wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]], hivyo nafasi zake za kucheza kimataifa zilikuwa chache. Hata hivyo, aliichezea Argentina mechi 28, akifunga mabao 10, na alishinda Copa América mara tatu, mwaka 1945, 1946 na 1947. == Mafanikio == === River Plate === * Argentine Primera División: 1942, 1945, 1947, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957 * Copa Ibarguren: 1942, 1952 * Copa Aldao: 1941, 1945, 1947 === Argentina === * Copa América: 1945, 1946, 1947 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025021/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=157</ref><ref>https://www.lanacion.com.ar/deportes/fallecio-el-legendario-felix-loustau-nid463992/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 4znpo9ntwh58sigjsy2ks05r7b8x82r 0 246319 1590043 2026-08-21T20:13:32Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oscar Antonio “Pinino” Más''' (alizaliwa [[29 Oktoba]] [[1946]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Argentina]], aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka katika River Plate, ambako ni mfungaji wa pili bora wa muda wote wa klabu hiyo. Más alikuwa sehemu muhimu ya kikosi cha River Plate kilichofanikiwa kumaliza ukame wa miaka 18 bila kushinda taji. Pia aliwahi kucheza katika klabu ya [[Real Madrid]] ya La Liga, pamoja na timu ya taifa ya Argentina. == Mafanikio == === Real Madrid === * Copa del Rey: 1973–74 === River Plate === * Primera División Argentina: 1975 Metropolitano, 1975 Nacional * Copa Libertadores: mshindi wa pili, 1976 === Argentina === * Copa América: mshindi wa pili, 1967 === Mafanikio Binafsi === * Mfungaji Bora wa Primera División Argentina: 1970 Metropolitano, 1973 Metropolitano * Mfungaji Bora wa Copa Libertadores: 1970 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025116/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=239</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120208085634/http://www.riverplate.com/news/oscar-pipino-mas.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} le72koh64dezohmtrrpounpie4mai1a 0 246320 1590045 2026-08-21T20:19:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodolfo Joaquín Micheli''' ([[24 Aprili]] [[1930]] – [[27 Desemba]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Mashindano ya Amerika Kusini ya mwaka 1955 (Copa América). == Maisha ya Klabu == Micheli alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Argentino de Quilmes mwaka 1950. Alirejea Independiente mwaka 1952, ambako alicheza [[mechi]] 147 na kufunga mabao 52. Mwaka 1958 alijiunga na River Plate, lakini alicheza mechi 2 tu kwa [[klabu]] hiyo kabla ya kuhamia Club Atlético Huracán mwaka 1959. Mwaka 1960, Micheli alijiunga na klabu ya Colombia Millonarios, lakini muda mfupi baadaye alirejea Argentina na kuchezea Club Atlético Platense. Mwaka 1964, alikuwa mchezaji na kocha wa Colegiales, na mwaka 1965 alijiunga na Juventud Unida de San Miguel.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080628232942/http://www.futboldechicas.com.ar/entrenador.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 4dci4smohbbnj7xvjjfwzddgu3yb77j 0 246321 1590046 2026-08-21T20:22:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sajid Afridi ('''alizaliwa 8 Aprili 1969) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia mechi katika mashindano ya Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam msimu wa 2015–16. Akiwa mchezaji, alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mtupaji wa mpira wa mkono wa kulia mwenye kasi ya wastani. Aliichezea timu za Peshawar katika kriketi ya ndani, ikiwa ni pamoja na mashindano ya [[Kombe]] la Quaid-e-Azam...' 1590046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sajid Afridi ('''alizaliwa 8 Aprili 1969) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia mechi katika mashindano ya Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam msimu wa 2015–16. Akiwa mchezaji, alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mtupaji wa mpira wa mkono wa kulia mwenye kasi ya wastani. Aliichezea timu za Peshawar katika kriketi ya ndani, ikiwa ni pamoja na mashindano ya [[Kombe]] la Quaid-e-Azam katika misimu ya 1990–91 na 1994–95. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] qbzi5fqo7rkvoobzcadlx1llvn2x002 1590047 1590046 2026-08-21T20:22:54Z Don Malya 61486 1590047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sajid Afridi ('''alizaliwa 8 Aprili 1969) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia mechi katika mashindano ya Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam msimu wa 2015–16<ref>{{Citation|title=Pool A: Islamabad v United Bank Limited at Islamabad, Oct 26-29, 2015 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/engine/current/match/931234.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Akiwa mchezaji, alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mtupaji wa mpira wa mkono wa kulia mwenye kasi ya wastani. Aliichezea timu za Peshawar katika kriketi ya ndani, ikiwa ni pamoja na mashindano ya [[Kombe]] la Quaid-e-Azam katika misimu ya 1990–91 na 1994–95. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] bvxn5a756yubnhhum9vx3fjrfxpae4a 1590273 1590047 2026-08-22T09:25:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sajid Afridi''' (alizaliwa 8 Aprili 1969) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia mechi katika mashindano ya Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam msimu wa 2015–16<ref>{{Citation|title=Pool A: Islamabad v United Bank Limited at Islamabad, Oct 26-29, 2015 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/engine/current/match/931234.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Akiwa mchezaji, alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mtupaji wa mpira wa mkono wa kulia mwenye kasi ya wastani. Aliichezea timu za Peshawar katika kriketi ya ndani, ikiwa ni pamoja na mashindano ya [[Kombe]] la Quaid-e-Azam katika misimu ya 1990–91 na 1994–95. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Pakistan]] ah2zf1l5f6sebxl0gr44be6er7euul2 0 246322 1590048 2026-08-21T20:25:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Afzaal Ahmed Rizvi''' (25 Desemba 1948 – 23 Aprili 2015) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Pakistan. Alifanya kazi zaidi katika kusimamia mechi za kriketi za ndani, na alisimamia mechi moja tu ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja. Alizaliwa Karachi. Akiwa mpigaji mrefu wa kulia, alicheza mechi 91 za daraja la kwanza kati ya msimu wa 1965–66 na 1984–85. Alifunga jumla ya mikimbio 4,010 kwa wastani wa 3...' 1590048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afzaal Ahmed Rizvi''' (25 Desemba 1948 – 23 Aprili 2015) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Pakistan. Alifanya kazi zaidi katika kusimamia mechi za kriketi za ndani, na alisimamia mechi moja tu ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja. Alizaliwa Karachi. Akiwa mpigaji mrefu wa kulia, alicheza mechi 91 za daraja la kwanza kati ya msimu wa 1965–66 na 1984–85. Alifunga jumla ya mikimbio 4,010 kwa wastani wa 30.61, huku alama yake ya juu ikiwa mikimbio 155 bila kutolewa. Alifunga karne [[sita]] kwa jumla. Akiwa mtupaji wa mipira ya kasi ya wastani, alichukua magwiji 33 kwa wastani wa 25.90. [[Takwimu]] zake bora katika innings moja zilikuwa magwiji 5 kwa mikimbio 21.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-international umpire Afzaal Ahmed passes away|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1177766|work=Dawn|date=2015-04-24|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=The Newspaper's Sports Reporter}}</ref> Afzaal alisimamia mechi yake pekee ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kama mwamuzi mnamo Oktoba 1994, katika mechi kati ya Pakistan na Afrika Kusini iliyochezwa Faisalabad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-international umpire Afzaal Ahmed passes away|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1177766|work=Dawn|date=2015-04-24|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=The Newspaper's Sports Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] mbmexmmszkq4nwgf9xy02qk2l3vodov 0 246323 1590049 2026-08-21T20:26:41Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manuel Seoane''' ([[19 Machi]] [[1902]] – [[21 Agosti]] [[1975]]), aliyepewa jina la utani “La Chancha”, alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] katika Independiente na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Seoane anachukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji bora zaidi katika [[historia]] ya Independiente, pamoja na kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa miaka ya 1920. Alipata umaarufu miongoni mwa vyombo vya habari na mashabiki kwa kuwa mtaalamu wa mbinu za mchezo na mchezaji anayeshirikiana vizuri na timu, huku pia akiwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kiufundi wa kucheza na mpira. == Mafanikio == === Klabu === Independiente * Primera División: 1922 AAmF, 1926 AAmF === Kimataifa === Argentina * Copa América: 1925, 1927, 1929 <ref>https://alejandrofabbri.com.ar/manuel-seoane-el-gran-goleador-del-amateurismo/</ref><ref>https://soydelrojo.com/manuel-seoane-maximo-goleador-del-amateurismo/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1975]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} tlapk8b0xtwu4cli18vz063g6cidjdq 0 246324 1590051 2026-08-21T20:30:00Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ijaz Ahmed''' (alizaliwa 19 Septemba 1957) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka Pakistan, ambaye aliichezea [[timu]] ya kriketi ya Lahore. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi na alisimamia [[mechi]] katika mashindano ya Kombe la RBS Twenty-20 msimu wa 2008–09.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ijaz Ahmed|url=http://www.cricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/40671.html|work=www.cricinfo.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo...' 1590051 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ijaz Ahmed''' (alizaliwa 19 Septemba 1957) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka Pakistan, ambaye aliichezea [[timu]] ya kriketi ya Lahore. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi na alisimamia [[mechi]] katika mashindano ya Kombe la RBS Twenty-20 msimu wa 2008–09.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ijaz Ahmed|url=http://www.cricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/40671.html|work=www.cricinfo.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] tvvlh05s8ka7iz8r3yhxohhqsib2zjx 1590157 1590051 2026-08-22T02:44:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ijaz Ahmed''' (alizaliwa 19 Septemba 1957) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza kutoka Pakistan, ambaye aliichezea [[timu]] ya kriketi ya Lahore. Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi na alisimamia [[mechi]] katika mashindano ya Kombe la RBS Twenty-20 msimu wa 2008–09.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ijaz Ahmed|url=http://www.cricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/40671.html|work=www.cricinfo.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] rhfhtr4re4yl68g8k4jiuu9vr2h297k 0 246325 1590053 2026-08-21T20:33:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590053 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodolfo José Fischer Eichler''', aliyepewa jina la utani '''''Lobo''''' ([[2 Aprili]] [[1944]] – [[16 Oktoba]] [[2025|2020]]), alikuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] mwenye asili ya [[Kijerumani]] na Kibrazili. Kwa sababu ya bidii na ukakamavu wake, mshambuliaji huyo mwenye urefu alipewa jina la utani “El Lobo”, linalomaanisha “Mbwa Mwitu.” Akiwa na CA San Lorenzo de Almagro ya Buenos Aires, alishinda [[mataji]] matatu na akabaki kuwa mmoja wa washambuliaji mashuhuri katika [[historia]] ya klabu hiyo. Mbali na San Lorenzo, Fischer pia aliwahi kucheza katika klabu ya Botafogo FR ya Brazil na CD Once Caldas ya Colombia, miongoni mwa klabu nyingine. == Mataji == === San Lorenzo === * Primera División: 1968 Metropolitano, 1972 Metropolitano, 1972 Nacional * Mfungaji Bora wa Primera División: 1969 Nacional — mabao 14 === Sarmiento === * Primera B: 1980 <ref>https://www.eldiariocba.com.ar/el-equipo/2020/10/16/murio-el-lobo-fischer-una-leyenda-del-ciclon-30652.html</ref><ref>https://sanlorenzojugadores.blogspot.com/2007/03/lobo-fischer.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 016pewbckibpvzz1tuc80yv6z8b5uqy 0 246326 1590054 2026-08-21T20:34:39Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mesbahuddin Ahmed''' (alizaliwa 31 Oktoba 1962) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alisimamia [[mechi]] moja tu ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mesbahuddin Ahmed's Profile|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/7249/mesbahuddin-ahmed|work=Cricbuzz|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]' 1590054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mesbahuddin Ahmed''' (alizaliwa 31 Oktoba 1962) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alisimamia [[mechi]] moja tu ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mesbahuddin Ahmed's Profile|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/7249/mesbahuddin-ahmed|work=Cricbuzz|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4r80arxwf6cbdvyqcbk75ohhjpvo4ho 1590082 1590054 2026-08-21T21:55:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mesbahuddin Ahmed''' (alizaliwa 31 Oktoba 1962) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alisimamia [[mechi]] moja tu ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mesbahuddin Ahmed's Profile|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/7249/mesbahuddin-ahmed|work=Cricbuzz|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n8t8win57bdp117voa37btwup6ly6md 0 246327 1590056 2026-08-21T20:39:36Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shafiuddin Ahmed Babu''' (alizaliwa 1 Juni 1973, Dhaka) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alicheza mechi 11 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2000. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia [[mechi]] katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shafiuddin ahmed Cricket Profile - matches {{!}} CricHeroes|url=https://cricheroes.com/player-profile/7924190/shafiuddin-ahmed/matches|work...' 1590056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shafiuddin Ahmed Babu''' (alizaliwa 1 Juni 1973, Dhaka) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alicheza mechi 11 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2000. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia [[mechi]] katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=shafiuddin ahmed Cricket Profile - matches {{!}} CricHeroes|url=https://cricheroes.com/player-profile/7924190/shafiuddin-ahmed/matches|work=cricheroes.com|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2etq83bt2yys0lmikmqka895sothhbv 1590132 1590056 2026-08-22T00:06:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shafiuddin Ahmed Babu''' (alizaliwa 1 Juni 1973, Dhaka) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alicheza mechi 11 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2000. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia [[mechi]] katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Bangladesh.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=shafiuddin ahmed Cricket Profile - matches {{!}} CricHeroes|url=https://cricheroes.com/player-profile/7924190/shafiuddin-ahmed/matches|work=cricheroes.com|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g3k73rqwghsbx7sq0kg38tkxd4kq7g2 0 246328 1590057 2026-08-21T20:42:43Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Javed Akhtar''' (21 Novemba 1940 – 8 Julai 2016) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistan ambaye aliichezea nchi yake [[mechi]] moja ya majaribio, mwaka 1962. Alikuwa mtupaji wa mpira wa aina ya off-spin. Katika kriketi ya daraja la kwanza, Akhtar alifanya vizuri na alichukua magwiji kwa wastani wa 18.17. Hata hivyo, katika mechi yake pekee ya majaribio hakufanikiwa kuchukua wiketi. Baadaye akawa mwamuzi wa kriketi, akisimamia mechi 18 za...' 1590057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javed Akhtar''' (21 Novemba 1940 – 8 Julai 2016) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistan ambaye aliichezea nchi yake [[mechi]] moja ya majaribio, mwaka 1962. Alikuwa mtupaji wa mpira wa aina ya off-spin. Katika kriketi ya daraja la kwanza, Akhtar alifanya vizuri na alichukua magwiji kwa wastani wa 18.17. Hata hivyo, katika mechi yake pekee ya majaribio hakufanikiwa kuchukua wiketi. Baadaye akawa mwamuzi wa kriketi, akisimamia mechi 18 za majaribio na 40 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1980 na 1999.<ref>{{Citation|title=Wisden Obituaries, 2016|date=2018-02-20|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/1137257.html|work=Cricinfo|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Pakistan]] s14ji8vmb00byw8jucsvd0wk581gp0m 0 246329 1590058 2026-08-21T20:42:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Abel Balbo - AS Roma (recorte).jpg|thumb|Abel Balbo]] '''Abel Eduardo Balbo''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [aˈβel eˈðwaɾðo ˈβalβo]; alizaliwa [[1 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] na mchezaji wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Balbo alichezea klabu mbalimbali nchini Argentina na [[Italia]] katika kipindi cha maisha yake ya soka. Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. == Maisha ya Klabu == Balbo alizaliwa katika Empalme Villa Constitución, katika mkoa wa Santa Fe, Argentina. Katika ngazi ya [[klabu]], Balbo alichezea Newell's Old Boys (1987–88) na River Plate (1988–89), kabla ya kuhamia Italia ambako alichezea Udinese (1989–93), [[Roma]] (1993–98 na 2000–02), Parma (1998–99) na Fiorentina. Pia alicheza mechi nne akiwa na Boca Juniors kabla ya kustaafu soka. Balbo alifunga jumla ya mabao 138 katika Serie A. Misimu yake bora zaidi ilikuwa 1992–93 akiwa Udinese na 1994–95 akiwa Roma, ambapo alifunga mabao 22 katika kila msimu.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12625/Abel_Balbo.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20020602125042/http://www.asromacalcio.it/sito-ufficiale/news/articolo68.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 1l5qxojmmzh8kxcrrjnm43obzxavil9 0 246330 1590059 2026-08-21T20:45:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''A. F. M. Akhtaruddin''' (alizaliwa 1 Januari 1968) ni [[mwamuzi]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alizaliwa Rajshahi mwaka 1968. Alisimamia mechi mbili za majaribio mwaka 2001 na 2002, pamoja na [[mechi]] 16 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AFM Akhtaruddin|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/56228.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {...' 1590059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A. F. M. Akhtaruddin''' (alizaliwa 1 Januari 1968) ni [[mwamuzi]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alizaliwa Rajshahi mwaka 1968. Alisimamia mechi mbili za majaribio mwaka 2001 na 2002, pamoja na [[mechi]] 16 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AFM Akhtaruddin|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/56228.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a9n2xtprpyhc99j6ws996h2dp8vbftk 0 246331 1590060 2026-08-21T20:48:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rizwan Akram''' (alizaliwa 26 Septemba 1979) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Uholanzi]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi. Mnamo Aprili 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Jopo la Waamuzi wa Maendeleo la Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi (ICC). Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi katika Mashindano ya Kriketi ya Nchi Tatu ya Uholanzi ya 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eid holiday fever grips people|url=https://timesofoman.com/article/132414|work=Times of Oman|accessdate=202...' 1590060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rizwan Akram''' (alizaliwa 26 Septemba 1979) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Uholanzi]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi. Mnamo Aprili 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Jopo la Waamuzi wa Maendeleo la Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi (ICC). Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi katika Mashindano ya Kriketi ya Nchi Tatu ya Uholanzi ya 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Eid holiday fever grips people|url=https://timesofoman.com/article/132414|work=Times of Oman|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=Bitwize- http://bitwize.com.lb}}</ref> Tarehe 12 Juni 2018, alisimamia [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya Kimataifa ya Twenty20 (T20I) kati ya Uholanzi na Ireland. Tarehe 1 Agosti 2018, alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) kati ya Nepal na Uholanzi huko Amstelveen. Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la ICC la 2022, lililofanyika katika nchi za Karibiani. Kufikia Agosti 2021, alikuwa amesimamia jumla ya mechi 45 za ODI na T20I. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] e107pafvezwrdo9fi2a9aj0e83jdt21 1590122 1590060 2026-08-21T23:49:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rizwan Akram''' (alizaliwa 26 Septemba 1979) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Uholanzi]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi. Mnamo Aprili 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Jopo la Waamuzi wa Maendeleo la Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi (ICC). Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi katika Mashindano ya Kriketi ya Nchi Tatu ya Uholanzi ya 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Eid holiday fever grips people|url=https://timesofoman.com/article/132414|work=Times of Oman|accessdate=2026-08-21|language=en|author=Bitwize- http://bitwize.com.lb}}</ref> Tarehe 12 Juni 2018, alisimamia [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya Kimataifa ya Twenty20 (T20I) kati ya Uholanzi na Ireland. Tarehe 1 Agosti 2018, alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) kati ya Nepal na Uholanzi huko Amstelveen. Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la ICC la 2022, lililofanyika katika nchi za Karibiani. Kufikia Agosti 2021, alikuwa amesimamia jumla ya mechi 45 za ODI na T20I. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 17lk8uvdnjurecelkg0j4avmv9twt33 0 246332 1590062 2026-08-21T20:51:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jahangir Alam''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1962) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alam, aliyezaliwa Dhaka, alisimamia [[mechi]] tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja (ODI) kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2002.<ref>{{Citation|title=Marlar, Robin Geoffrey, (born 2 Jan. 1931), former cricket journalist and company director|date=2007-12-01|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.26642|work=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-...' 1590062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jahangir Alam''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1962) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh. Alam, aliyezaliwa Dhaka, alisimamia [[mechi]] tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja (ODI) kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2002.<ref>{{Citation|title=Marlar, Robin Geoffrey, (born 2 Jan. 1931), former cricket journalist and company director|date=2007-12-01|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.26642|work=Who's Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7548f68afibb80jtxa2cusa5kp93wp2 0 246333 1590063 2026-08-21T20:58:16Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brian Leslie Aldridge''' (30 Juni 1940 – 9 Desemba 2021) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[mchezo]] wa kriketi kutoka New Zealand. Aldridge alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi katika fainali ya [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la 1992 kati ya England na Pakistan. Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa bado ndiye Mzawa wa New Zealand pekee aliyewahi kuwa mwamuzi katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia. Aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika mechi 26 za majaribio na mechi 45 za ODI kati ya 1986 na 1995....' 1590063 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brian Leslie Aldridge''' (30 Juni 1940 – 9 Desemba 2021) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[mchezo]] wa kriketi kutoka New Zealand. Aldridge alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi katika fainali ya [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la 1992 kati ya England na Pakistan. Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa bado ndiye Mzawa wa New Zealand pekee aliyewahi kuwa mwamuzi katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia. Aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika mechi 26 za majaribio na mechi 45 za ODI kati ya 1986 na 1995. Mbali na kusimamia majaribio 20 nchini New Zealand, Aldridge alisimamia majaribio tatu nchini Sri Lanka, mbili nchini Pakistan na moja nchini Zimbabwe. Kwa jumla, alisimamia mechi 84 za daraja la kwanza kati ya 1979 na 1995. Mwaka 1997, Aldridge akawa meneja wa kwanza wa muda wote wa waamuzi wa New Zealand Cricket, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi alipostaafu mwaka 2008. Mwaka 2012 alitunukiwa Medali ya Huduma ya Malkia (QSM) katika Heshima za Mwaka Mpya za New Zealand kwa huduma zake katika usimamizi wa kriketi. Nje ya kriketi, alifanya kazi kama mjenzi. Aldridge alifariki mjini Christchurch tarehe 9 Desemba 2021, akiwa na umri wa miaka 81.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brian ALDRIDGE Obituary (2021) - Christchurch, Canterbury - The Press|url=https://deaths.press.co.nz/nz/obituaries/the-press-nz/name/brian-aldridge-obituary?id=39905547|work=Legacy.com|accessdate=2026-08-21}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} 0ervshze7i79o3wy5d8oca3iorazyhx 0 246334 1590065 2026-08-21T21:02:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Akbar Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 20 Machi 1973) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[mchezo]] wa kriketi mwenye asili ya India anayefanya kazi nchini Falme za Kiarabu (UAE). Alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya Twenty20 International (T20I) tarehe 16 Februari 2016, katika mchezo kati ya Ireland na UAE. Alikuwa pia mmoja wa waamuzi wanane katika mashindano ya Ligi ya Dunia ya [[Kriketi]] ya ICC, Daraja la Nne ya mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles gets rea...' 1590065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akbar Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 20 Machi 1973) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[mchezo]] wa kriketi mwenye asili ya India anayefanya kazi nchini Falme za Kiarabu (UAE). Alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya Twenty20 International (T20I) tarehe 16 Februari 2016, katika mchezo kati ya Ireland na UAE. Alikuwa pia mmoja wa waamuzi wanane katika mashindano ya Ligi ya Dunia ya [[Kriketi]] ya ICC, Daraja la Nne ya mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles gets ready to host ICC WCL Division 4 event|date=2016-10-19|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2016/media-releases/96573/los-angeles-gets-ready-to-host-icc-wcl-division-4-event|work=http://www.icc-cricket.com|access-date=2026-08-21}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Januari 2017, alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI), kati ya Scotland na Hong Kong, katika mfululizo wa [[mechi]] za kimataifa uliofanyika Falme za Kiarabu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g7ifrmhcp671bqsz9fgq5639uappumy 0 246335 1590068 2026-08-21T21:25:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raimundo Bibiani “Mumo” Orsi''' ([[2 Desemba]] [[1901]] – [[6 Aprili]] [[1986]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu mwenye asili ya [[Italia]] na [[Argentina]], aliyekuwa akicheza kama winga au [[mshambuliaji]]. Katika ngazi ya timu za taifa, aliwakilisha Argentina na Italia. Akiwa na Argentina, alishinda Copa América ya 1927 na medali ya fedha katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 1928 iliyofanyika Amsterdam, [[Uholanzi]]. Akiwa na Italia, alishinda michuano miwili ya Central European International Cup pamoja na [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA la 1934. == Mafanikio == === Klabu === Independiente * Argentine Primera División: 1922, 1926 * Copa de Competencia: 1924, 1925, 1926 Juventus * Serie A: 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35 Flamengo * Ubingwa wa Jimbo la Rio: 1939 === Kimataifa === Argentina * Copa América: 1927 * Medali ya Fedha — Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto: 1928 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110726145044/http://www.flaestatistica.com/orsi.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190925094617/http://www.enciclopediadelcalcio.it/Orsi.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1986]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5wieapu08fhafhrkcjkw98vg7np7k7n 0 246336 1590070 2026-08-21T21:30:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Héctor Adolfo Enrique''' (alizaliwa [[26 Aprili]] [[1962]]), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la “El Negro” Enrique, ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] na mchezaji wa zamani ambaye aliwahi kuwa kocha msaidizi wa klabu ya Al-Wasl katika ligi ya UAE Arabian Gulf. Akiwa kiungo, Enrique aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA la 1986 na Copa América ya 1989, huku akishinda Kombe la Dunia la 1986. Baadaye, aliwahi kuwa kocha msaidizi wa timu ya taifa ya Argentina (La Selección). == Maisha ya Soka == Akipewa jina la utani “El Negro” na [[waandishi]] wa habari pamoja na mashabiki, Enrique alianza maisha yake ya soka mwaka 1982 katika klabu ya daraja la pili Club Atlético Lanús. Mwaka 1983, alijiunga na Club Atlético River Plate, ambako alicheza hadi mwaka 1990. Mwaka 1986 ulikuwa mwaka bora zaidi katika [[maisha]] yake ya soka, ambapo alishinda Primera División Argentina ya msimu wa 1985–86, Copa Libertadores, na [[Kombe]] la Intercontinental akiwa na River Plate. Akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Argentina, Enrique alikuwa sehemu muhimu ya kikosi kilichoshinda Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 1986.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/21878/Hector_Enrique.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ivi759t4127ks1wh9nsco39if1uf2da 0 246337 1590072 2026-08-21T21:35:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Alberto Francisco Valdano Castellanos''' (alizaliwa [[4 Oktoba]] [[1955]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]], kocha, na aliyewahi kuwa mkurugenzi mkuu wa [[Real Madrid]]. Kwa sasa anafanya kazi kama mchambuzi wa soka katika beIN Sports. Akiwa amepewa jina la utani “Mwanafalsafa wa Soka”, Valdano alicheza kama mshambuliaji. == Mafanikio == === Akiwa mchezaji === Newell's Old Boys * Argentine Primera División: 1974 Real Madrid * La Liga: 1985–86, 1986–87 * Copa de la Liga: 1985 * UEFA Cup: 1984–85, 1985–86 Argentina U20 * Mashindano ya Toulon: 1975 Argentina * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1986 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/19295/Jorge_Valdano.html</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/7690933.stm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 193kw8m488ssrgzmfoi7xs55win9lu8 0 246338 1590073 2026-08-21T21:41:20Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590073 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Alberto Percudani''' (alizaliwa [[22 Machi]] [[1965]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. == Maisha ya Klabu == Kati ya mwaka 1982 na 1988, alichezea Independiente, ambako alishinda Copa Libertadores na [[Kombe]] la Intercontinental mwaka 1984. Katika [[fainali]] ya Kombe la Intercontinental dhidi ya [[Liverpool FC]], Percudani alifunga bao pekee la mchezo, na pia alichaguliwa kuwa [[Mchezaji]] Bora wa Mechi (Man of the Match). Mwaka 1988, alisajiliwa na Austria Wien kama mbadala wa Toni Polster.<ref>https://www.bdfa.com.ar/jugadores-JOSE-ALBERTO-PERCUDANI-1881.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j11964.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3aq4p5k453reaicdoka47rzasjq9dff 0 246339 1590075 2026-08-21T21:45:33Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oscar Alberto Dertycia Álvarez''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1965]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]], na baadaye alifanya kazi kama [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu. == Maisha ya Klabu == Alizaliwa katika Córdoba, mkoani Córdoba, Argentina. Dertycia alianza kucheza soka la kulipwa katika [[klabu]] ya nyumbani kwao, Instituto de Córdoba, kabla ya kuhamia Argentinos Juniors mwaka 1985. Katika kipindi chake cha miaka minne akiwa Argentinos Juniors, alishinda Copa Libertadores na kumaliza akiwa mshindi wa pili wa [[Kombe]] la Intercontinental katika msimu wake wa kwanza, mwaka 1985. Dertycia pia alitwaa tuzo ya Mfungaji Bora wa Primera División katika msimu wa 1988–89, baada ya kufunga mabao 20.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/18565/Oscar_Dertycia.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j2135.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 1vbqpmfri9laejpbk24oenxhqcitv3i 0 246340 1590078 2026-08-21T21:49:43Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590078 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gustavo Abel Dezotti''' (alizaliwa [[14 Februari]] [[1964]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika Newell's Old Boys nchini Argentina na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshinda ubingwa wa Primera División Argentina wa msimu wa 1987–88. Kushiriki kwake katika kikosi kilichoshinda ubingwa kulimfanya avutie vilabu vikubwa vya [[Ulaya]], na mwaka 1988 alihamia [[Italia]], ambako alichezea S.S. Lazio na baadaye U.S. Cremonese. Katika msimu wa 1994–95, alihamia Mexico kuchezea Club León, na baadaye akaichezea Club Atlas. == Mafanikio == === Newell's Old Boys === * Primera División: 1987–88 === U.S. Cremonese === * Anglo-Italian Cup: 1992–93 === Argentina === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: mshindi wa pili, 1990<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15197/Gustavo_Dezotti.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5wq81u26fj0hy2pc7wsh75hubjmgao6 0 246341 1590081 2026-08-21T21:55:13Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Alberto Basualdo''' (alizaliwa [[20 Juni]] [[1963]]) ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] na mchezaji wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo. == Maisha ya Klabu == Basualdo alishinda [[mataji]] kadhaa ya ndani ya Argentina na ya kimataifa akiwa na Vélez Sársfield pamoja na Boca Juniors. == Maisha ya Kimataifa == Basualdo aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina mechi 31 kati ya mwaka 1989 na 1995. Pia aliiwakilisha Argentina katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1990 na Kombe la Dunia la 1994. Katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 1990, katika mchezo wa hatua ya 16 bora dhidi ya [[Brazil]], Basualdo alipenya vizuri kuelekea langoni mwa Brazil, lakini alizuiwa kwa faulo na [[nahodha]] wa Brazil, Ricardo Gomes, ambaye alipewa kadi nyekundu na kutolewa nje ya mchezo.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12609/Jose_Basualdo.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfa.com.ar/jugadores-JOSE-HORACIO-BASUALDO-586.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} e2zgcx02jm5nrz6wi4wxhq95bjt49nt 0 246342 1590083 2026-08-21T22:01:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricardo Alberto Gareca Nardi''' (alizaliwa [[10 Februari]] [[1958]]), aliyepewa majina ya utani “El Tigre” (''Chui'') na “El Flaco” (''Mwembamba''), ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani. Hivi karibuni alikuwa kocha wa timu ya taifa ya [[Chile]]. Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, Gareca alichezea klabu nne kubwa na maarufu nchini Argentina: Boca Juniors, River Plate, Vélez Sársfield na Independiente. == Mafanikio == === Akiwa mchezaji === América de Cali * Primera A: 1985, 1986 * Copa Libertadores: Mshindi wa pili, 1986 Independiente * Primera División: 1994 Clausura * Supercopa Libertadores: 1994 === Akiwa kocha === Talleres * Primera B Nacional: 1997–98 * Copa CONMEBOL: 1999 <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-worldcup-pot2-peru/soccer-peru-rebuilt-by-the-man-who-destroyed-them-32-years-ago-idUKKBN1DT2P6/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ic7b1vsva0baiiwipfqnydeklxtosid 0 246343 1590085 2026-08-21T22:06:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcelo Antonio Trobbiani Ughetto''' (alizaliwa [[17 Februari]] [[1955]] huko Casilda, mkoani Santa Fe) ni [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] na mchezaji wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji. Kwa wakati huo, alikuwa akifanya kazi kama kocha wa River Ecuador nchini [[Ecuador]]. == Maisha ya Uchezaji == Akiwa kiungo [[mshambuliaji]], Trobbiani alikuwa miongoni mwa vipaji vijana vilivyoahidi sana vilivyoibuka katika [[klabu]] ya Boca Juniors mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Akiwa bado kijana, alianza kuichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina mwaka 1973, baada ya Omar Sívori kumchagua katika kikosi maalum kilichopangwa kucheza dhidi ya [[Bolivia]] kwa ajili ya kupata nafasi ya kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1974. Baada ya kuondoka kwa Reinaldo Merlo, Trobbiani alianza kuvaa jezi ya timu ya taifa ya Argentina, kabla hata kocha wa wakati huo wa Boca Juniors, Rogelio Domínguez, hajawa na taarifa kuhusu uwezo na uwepo wake.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/19314/Marcelo_Trobbiani.html</ref><ref>https://www.elche.me/biografia/trobbiani-ughetto-marcelo-antonio</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} hnqmgs8uk5qjdafv6lhxh1nft9wq0jy 0 246344 1590086 2026-08-21T22:10:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ingeburg Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 23]], [[1920]] – Alifariki [[Septemba 30]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] na mfadhili bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mke wa mwanzilishi wa Tchibo Max Herz alikuwa mmoja wa Wajerumani tajiri zaidi akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa wa zaidi ya euro bilioni tano mwaka [[2005]]<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/tchibo-mitgruenderin-ingeburg-herz-ist-tot-a-1056484.html ''Hamburger Unternehmerin: Tchib...' 1590086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingeburg Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 23]], [[1920]] – Alifariki [[Septemba 30]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] na mfadhili bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mke wa mwanzilishi wa Tchibo Max Herz alikuwa mmoja wa Wajerumani tajiri zaidi akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa wa zaidi ya euro bilioni tano mwaka [[2005]]<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/tchibo-mitgruenderin-ingeburg-herz-ist-tot-a-1056484.html ''Hamburger Unternehmerin: Tchibo-Mitgründerin Ingeburg Herz ist tot.''] In: ''spiegel.de'', [[Der Spiegel]], 6 October 2015, retrieved 7 October 2015.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] 6bpcw5jqwtr1qi45wjjhulswvlaf8bc 1590275 1590086 2026-08-22T09:27:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingeburg Herz''' ([[Februari 23]], [[1920]] – [[Septemba 30]], [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] na mfadhili bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Mke wa mwanzilishi wa Tchibo Max Herz alikuwa mmoja wa Wajerumani tajiri zaidi akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa wa zaidi ya euro bilioni tano mwaka [[2005]]<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/tchibo-mitgruenderin-ingeburg-herz-ist-tot-a-1056484.html ''Hamburger Unternehmerin: Tchibo-Mitgründerin Ingeburg Herz ist tot.''] In: ''spiegel.de'', [[Der Spiegel]], 6 October 2015, retrieved 7 October 2015.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] ko7ewciizcxayn4o1bb9px05p2qq4xr 0 246345 1590087 2026-08-21T22:12:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando Gabriel Cáceres''' (alizaliwa [[7 Februari]] [[1969]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki wa kati. Katika maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa, alichezea klabu kadhaa katika Primera División ya Argentina na La Liga ya [[Hispania]], ambako alitumia jumla ya miaka 11 na kucheza mechi 340. Cáceres aliwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1994 na katika mashindano mawili ya Copa América. == Mafanikio == === River Plate === * Argentine Primera División: Apertura 1991 === Zaragoza === * Copa del Rey: 1993–94 * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1994–95 === Celta === * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000 === Argentina === * Copa América: 1993 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12624/Fernando_Caceres.html</ref><ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j781.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} jw23ucyyjfkta6hfdmvr7unsoj9nbp2 0 246346 1590088 2026-08-21T22:13:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wolfgang Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Wolfgang Herz|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/wolfgang-herz/|website=Forbes|accessdate=22 September 2022}}</ref>) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki mwenza wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. Herz ni mwana wa Max Herz na [[Ingeburg Herz]]. Baba yake alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiry...' 1590088 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wolfgang Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Wolfgang Herz|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/wolfgang-herz/|website=Forbes|accessdate=22 September 2022}}</ref>) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki mwenza wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. Herz ni mwana wa Max Herz na [[Ingeburg Herz]]. Baba yake alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], Herz ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 4.5, kufikia Septemba [[2022]]. Herz anaishi [[Hamburg]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-24 |title=The German Tchibo drinks Molinari coffee - The Modenese family business has a history of more than 200 years |url=https://www.efanews.eu/item/23080-the-german-tchibo-drinks-molinari-coffee.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=EFA News - European Food Agency |language=EN}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 11suxqjizjwlkmnk0lussvzpq0kp0ro 1590215 1590088 2026-08-22T07:33:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wolfgang Herz''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Wolfgang Herz|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/wolfgang-herz/|website=Forbes|accessdate=22 September 2022}}</ref>) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mmiliki mwenza wa msururu wa maduka ya kahawa na rejareja ya Ujerumani ''Tchibo''. Herz ni mwana wa Max Herz na [[Ingeburg Herz]]. Baba yake alianzisha Tchibo mwaka [[1949]] pamoja na Carl Tchilinghiryan. Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], Herz ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 4.5, kufikia Septemba [[2022]]. Herz anaishi [[Hamburg]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-01-24 |title=The German Tchibo drinks Molinari coffee - The Modenese family business has a history of more than 200 years |url=https://www.efanews.eu/item/23080-the-german-tchibo-drinks-molinari-coffee.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=EFA News - European Food Agency |language=EN}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pnomokysdjbqr475m13dggw2hszf0jm 0 246347 1590089 2026-08-21T22:18:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oscar Alfredo Ruggeri''' (alizaliwa [[26 Januari]] [[1962]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki wa kati. Alipewa jina la utani “El Cabezón” (''Mwenye Kichwa Kikubwa''). Ruggeri alipata mafanikio makubwa katika ngazi ya kimataifa akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Argentina. Alikuwa sehemu ya vikosi vilivyoshinda: * [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA: 1986 * Copa América: mara mbili * Kombe la FIFA la Confederations: 1992 == Maisha Binafsi == Mwana wa Ruggeri, Stephan Ruggeri, ni mchezaji wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa kulipwa. Ruggeri mwenyewe alishiriki katika toleo la mwaka 2016 la kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha mashindano ya kucheza [[dansi]], pamoja na binti yake, Candela Ruggeri.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20041001072004/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/world/2002/world_cup/hof/ruggeri/</ref><ref>https://www.futbolpasion.com/crrugges.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 533ft26vpdyvw494oqlcpzbo1f4h2rf 0 246348 1590091 2026-08-21T22:23:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diego Fernando Latorre''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1969]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] au kiungo mshambuliaji. Ameoa na Yanina Latorre. == Mafanikio == === Boca Juniors === * Supercopa Libertadores: 1989 * Recopa Sudamericana: 1990 * Ligi Kuu ya Argentina – Torneo Apertura: 1992 * Kombe la Mabingwa wa Supercopa: 1992 === Comunicaciones === * Ligi ya Taifa ya Soka ya Guatemala – Clausura: 2003 === Dorados de Sinaloa === * Daraja la Pili la Mexico – Apertura: 2003 === Argentina === * Copa América: 1991 === Mafanikio Binafsi === * Mfungaji Bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Argentina: 1992<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12588/Diego_Latorre.html</ref><ref>https://www.argentinesoccer.com/crlatoen.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 15q2gvjx2rmcqrzym1z52pdcpznxkec 0 246349 1590092 2026-08-21T22:24:09Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Karl-Friedrich Scheufele 2 Genf 2018.jpg|thumb]] '''Karl-Friedrich Scheufele''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 5]], [[1958]] huko [[Pforzheim]]) ni rais mwenza wa ''Chopard'' pamoja na dada yake, Caroline, na rais wa ''La Chronométrie Ferdinand Berthoud''. Yeye ni mwana wa Karl na Karin Scheufele, wajasiriamali wa Ujerumani waliomiliki Chopard mwaka [[1963]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/gallery/conde-nast-international-presents-karl-fr...' 1590092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Karl-Friedrich Scheufele 2 Genf 2018.jpg|thumb]] '''Karl-Friedrich Scheufele''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 5]], [[1958]] huko [[Pforzheim]]) ni rais mwenza wa ''Chopard'' pamoja na dada yake, Caroline, na rais wa ''La Chronométrie Ferdinand Berthoud''. Yeye ni mwana wa Karl na Karin Scheufele, wajasiriamali wa Ujerumani waliomiliki Chopard mwaka [[1963]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/gallery/conde-nast-international-presents-karl-friedrich-scheufele-co-president-of-chopard-with-the-gq-lifetime-achievement-award|title=See the party photos at the Baselworld 2016 GQ Lifetime Achievement Award|date=17 March 2016|website=GQ Magazine}}</ref>. Mwaka [[2005]], alianzisha ''Fleurier Quality Foundation'', shirika huru la uthibitishaji wa saa za [[Uswisi]], na alianzisha makumbusho ya saa ya ''L.U.C.EUM'' huko [[Fleurier]] mwaka [[2006]]. Alianzisha kampuni ya uuzaji wa divai, ''La Galerie des Arts du Vin'', mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990 na akanunua maduka kadhaa ya ''Caveaux de Bacchus'' nchini Uswisi. Mwaka [[2012]], alinunua shamba la divai la ''Château Monestier-la-Tour'', ambalo linazalisha chupa 150,000 kwa mwaka katika AOP mbalimbali nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/23/fashion/watches-archives-chopard.html|title=Watch Archives Prove Their Worth|date=23 March 2017|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="luxuo.com">{{cite web |date=16 November 2017 |title=Karl Friedrich Scheufele on His Winning Formula and the new Chopard LUC Perpetual T Spirit of the Chinese zodiac piece unique |url=http://www.luxuo.com/style/watches/karl-friedrich-scheufele-on-his-winning-formula-and-the-new-chopard-luc-perpetual-t-spirit-of-the-chinese-zodiac-piece-unique.html |website=Luxuo.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jx4k8jn6nd6jxdngtgbneuk6v4u9pyb 0 246350 1590095 2026-08-21T22:28:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anton Kut Schlecker''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 28]], [[1944]], huko Ehingen) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa msururu wa maduka ya dawa ya ''Schlecker'' nchini Ujerumani. Amemuoa Christa Schlecker na ana watoto wawili, Lars Schlecker na Meike Schlecker, wote wanashiriki katika usimamizi wa kampuni ya Schlecker. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 21, alipata digrii ya "Meister" ya uchinjaji na akachukua duka la baba yake la...' 1590095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anton Kut Schlecker''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 28]], [[1944]], huko Ehingen) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa msururu wa maduka ya dawa ya ''Schlecker'' nchini Ujerumani. Amemuoa Christa Schlecker na ana watoto wawili, Lars Schlecker na Meike Schlecker, wote wanashiriki katika usimamizi wa kampuni ya Schlecker. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 21, alipata digrii ya "Meister" ya uchinjaji na akachukua duka la baba yake la uchinjaji. Mwaka [[1975]], alijenga duka lake la kwanza la dawa huko Kirchheim unter Teck ambalo lilikua hadi zaidi ya maduka 100 miaka miwili baadaye. Kufikia mwaka [[2003]], kulikuwa na zaidi ya maduka 13,000 kote [[Ulaya]], yakijiri takriban watu 50,000 na kuzalisha mapato ya karibu € bilioni 6.55<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fr-online.de/schlecker-insolvenz/11541316,11541316.html |title=Die Schlecker-Insolvenz - die Schlecker-Dynastie steht vor der Pleite wenn das Unternehmen nicht überlebt - Frankfurter Rundschau |access-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807083916/http://www.fr-online.de/schlecker-insolvenz/11541316,11541316.html |archive-date=7 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1999-03-23 |title=Hohe Haftstrafen im Schlecker-Prozeß |url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article568720/Hohe-Haftstrafen-im-Schlecker-Prozess.html |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r5dnumrjhlomztyyneer9p1fne1b6b7 0 246351 1590096 2026-08-21T22:29:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javier Adelmar Zanetti''' (alizaliwa [[10 Agosti]] [[1973]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Argentina]]. Alitumia karibu maisha yake yote ya soka katika Inter Milan. Zanetti alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kucheza nafasi mbalimbali uwanjani. Mara nyingi alicheza kama beki wa pembeni au beki wa pembeni anayepanda kushambulia katika upande wa kulia au kushoto, pamoja na kucheza kama kiungo. Alikuwa na nafasi muhimu katika msimu wa 2009–10, ambapo Inter Milan ilishinda mataji matatu katika msimu mmoja. Kwa sasa, Zanetti ni makamu wa rais wa [[Inter Milan]]. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Talleres === Baada ya kukataliwa na Independiente, Zanetti alisajiliwa na Talleres, ambayo wakati huo ilikuwa ikishiriki daraja la pili nchini Argentina. Akiwa na Talleres, alicheza [[mechi]] 33 na kufunga bao moja katika msimu wake pekee katika [[klabu]] hiyo. Mwaka 1993, alihamia Banfield, klabu iliyokuwa ikishiriki [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Argentina (Primera División).<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/307/Javier_Zanetti.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe1744/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} fhmpq2gop8y0ylzzf02arrykiwzod43 0 246352 1590098 2026-08-21T22:33:13Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Schmidt-Ruthenbeck''' (Alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], pamoja na kaka yake Rainer, mmiliki wa asilimia 16 ya kikundi cha rejareja ''Metro AG''. Yeye ni mwana wa Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na Vera Ruthenbeck. Kaka yake ni Rainer Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na dada yake ni Viola Schmidt-Ruthenbeck. Kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea ya mwaka [[2016]], yeye na kaka yake waliorodheshwa nambari 722 wakiwa na uta...' 1590098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Schmidt-Ruthenbeck''' (Alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]], pamoja na kaka yake Rainer, mmiliki wa asilimia 16 ya kikundi cha rejareja ''Metro AG''. Yeye ni mwana wa Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na Vera Ruthenbeck. Kaka yake ni Rainer Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na dada yake ni Viola Schmidt-Ruthenbeck. Kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya mabilionea ya mwaka [[2016]], yeye na kaka yake waliorodheshwa nambari 722 wakiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.4<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |title=Michael & Reiner Schmidt-Ruthenbeck |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-reiner-schmidt-ruthenbeck/?sh=2ad1fcf14038 |access-date=8 April 2023 |publisher=Forbes Media LLC}}</ref><ref name="forbes16">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-reiner-schmidt-ruthenbeck/?list=billionaires |title=The World's Billionaires (2016 ranking): #722 Michael & Reiner Schmidt-Ruthenbeck |date=1 March 2016 |work=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jtjec9d86r06twfxpqu720eihuqtt7t 0 246353 1590099 2026-08-21T22:36:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rainer Schmidt-Ruthenbeck''' (Alizaliwa [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na, pamoja na kaka yake Michael, mmiliki wa asilimia 16 ya kikundi cha rejareja ''Metro AG''. Yeye ni mwana wa Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na Vera Ruthenbeck. Kaka yake ni Michael Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na dada yake ni Viola Schmidt-Ruthenbeck. Katika miaka ya 1990, familia yake ilianzisha ''Stiftung Mercator'', ''Mercator Schweiz'' na ''Karl Schmidt Family...' 1590099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rainer Schmidt-Ruthenbeck''' (Alizaliwa [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ujerumani]] na, pamoja na kaka yake Michael, mmiliki wa asilimia 16 ya kikundi cha rejareja ''Metro AG''. Yeye ni mwana wa Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na Vera Ruthenbeck. Kaka yake ni Michael Schmidt-Ruthenbeck na dada yake ni Viola Schmidt-Ruthenbeck. Katika miaka ya 1990, familia yake ilianzisha ''Stiftung Mercator'', ''Mercator Schweiz'' na ''Karl Schmidt Family Foundation''. Kwenye orodha ya ''Forbes'' ya mabilionea ya mwaka [[2016]], yeye na kaka yake waliorodheshwa nambari 722 wakiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.4. Anaishi [[Duisburg]], Ujerumani<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |title=Michael & Reiner Schmidt-Ruthenbeck |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-reiner-schmidt-ruthenbeck/?sh=2ad1fcf14038 |access-date=8 April 2023 |publisher=Forbes Media LLC}}</ref><ref name="forbes16">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-reiner-schmidt-ruthenbeck/?list=billionaires |title=The World's Billionaires (2016 ranking): #722 Michael & Reiner Schmidt-Ruthenbeck |date=1 March 2016 |work=[[Forbes]] |accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tr2q62mdvq2oj79y2yjh1uotc2gljej 0 246354 1590100 2026-08-21T22:36:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dino Zoff''' (alizaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1942]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama kipa. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa makipa bora zaidi katika [[historia]] ya soka. Zoff ndiye mchezaji mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi kuwahi kushinda [[Kombe la Dunia]], baada ya kulinyanyua akiwa [[nahodha]] wa timu ya taifa ya Italia katika Kombe la Dunia la 1982, akiwa na umri wa miaka 40, miezi 4 na siku 13. == Mafanikio == === Akiwa mchezaji === === Juventus === * Serie A: 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79, 1982–83 * UEFA Cup: 1976–77 * Kombe la Intercontinental: Mshindi wa pili, 1973 * European Cup: Mshindi wa pili, 1972–73 na 1982–83 === Italia === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1982 * [[UEFA]] European Championship: 1968<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081112093222/http://goalkeepinggreats.webs.com/dinozoff.htm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} a0tyvg7pmv46fgreminl0vbh3l6pb14 0 246355 1590101 2026-08-21T22:40:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andreas Strüngmann''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni daktari bilionea na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya dawa za kawaida ''Hexal AG'' (mauzo ya dola bilioni 1.6 wakati wa [[2004]]) mwaka [[1986]] na amejenga utajiri wake, pamoja na mwenzake wa maisha na pacha wake, [[Thomas Strüngmann]], hasa kupitia uwekezaji katika tasnia ya bioteknolojia na dawa<ref>Heide Neukirchen 21 March 2006), [https://www.manager-magazin.de/unter...' 1590101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andreas Strüngmann''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni daktari bilionea na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya dawa za kawaida ''Hexal AG'' (mauzo ya dola bilioni 1.6 wakati wa [[2004]]) mwaka [[1986]] na amejenga utajiri wake, pamoja na mwenzake wa maisha na pacha wake, [[Thomas Strüngmann]], hasa kupitia uwekezaji katika tasnia ya bioteknolojia na dawa<ref>Heide Neukirchen 21 March 2006), [https://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/karriere/a-406864.html Familie Strüngmann: Papas, Pioniere und Piraten] ''[[Manager Magazin]]''.</ref>. Andreas anasimamia, pamoja na kaka yake, mali zao zote za familia, zinazokadiriwa kuwa takriban dola bilioni 30, kupitia ofisi yao ya familiaref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-01 |title=Ex-Head of Family Office for $31 Billion Fortune Builds Firm |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-01/ex-head-of-family-office-for-31-billion-fortune-builds-own-firm |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8t7ef0jn0c9j5odtpipg116e09ehfrl 1590102 1590101 2026-08-21T22:41:11Z Ally0111 85292 1590102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andreas Strüngmann''' (Alizaliwa [[1950]]) ni daktari bilionea na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ujerumani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya dawa za kawaida ''Hexal AG'' (mauzo ya dola bilioni 1.6 wakati wa [[2004]]) mwaka [[1986]] na amejenga utajiri wake, pamoja na mwenzake wa maisha na pacha wake, [[Thomas Strüngmann]], hasa kupitia uwekezaji katika tasnia ya bioteknolojia na dawa<ref>Heide Neukirchen 21 March 2006), [https://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/karriere/a-406864.html Familie Strüngmann: Papas, Pioniere und Piraten] ''[[Manager Magazin]]''.</ref>. Andreas anasimamia, pamoja na kaka yake, mali zao zote za familia, zinazokadiriwa kuwa takriban dola bilioni 30, kupitia ofisi yao ya familia<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-01 |title=Ex-Head of Family Office for $31 Billion Fortune Builds Firm |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-01/ex-head-of-family-office-for-31-billion-fortune-builds-own-firm |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nv289mq76bwvjz6mcgpik67ecjx7781 0 246356 1590103 2026-08-21T22:41:18Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franco Baresi''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: ''Franco Baresi''), alizaliwa kwa jina Franchino Baresi [[8 Mei]] [[1960]], alikuwa [[mchezaji]] na kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa akicheza zaidi kama beki wa kati, na alitumia miaka yake yote 20 ya uchezaji katika klabu ya [[AC Milan]] ya Serie A. Baresi alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa AC Milan kwa misimu 15. Anatambulika kwa mapana kuwa mmoja wa mabeki bora zaidi katika [[historia]] ya soka. Katika orodha ya jarida la ''World Soccer'' ya wachezaji 100 bora zaidi wa karne ya 20, Baresi alishika nafasi ya 19. == Mafanikio == === AC Milan === * Serie A: 1978–79, 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96 * Serie B: 1980–81, 1982–83 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994 * European Cup / UEFA Champions League: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94 * Mitropa Cup: 1981–82 * European Super Cup: 1990, 1994 * Kombe la Intercontinental: 1989, 1990 <ref>https://www.figc.it/it/nazionali/nazionali-in-cifre/dettaglio-convocato?calciatoreId=43154&squadraId=12</ref><ref>https://www.acmilan.com/en/club/legends/players/baresi</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} tp4u2ksgvytwwfu6m8ghn2xdccfskj8 0 246357 1590106 2026-08-21T22:47:15Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marco Tardelli''' (alizaliwa [[24 Septemba]] [[1954]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu na [[kocha]] wa [[Italia]]. Katika ngazi ya klabu, alicheza kama kiungo katika vilabu mbalimbali vya Italia. Alianza [[maisha]] yake ya soka akiwa na Pisa, kisha akachezea Como, [[Juventus]] na Inter Milan, kabla ya kustaafu akiwa na klabu ya Uswisi ya St. Gallen. Tardelli alikuwa na mafanikio makubwa akiwa na Juventus, ambapo alishinda mataji matano ya ligi, pamoja na mataji kadhaa ya Coppa Italia na mashindano makubwa manne ya UEFA: European Cup, Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Cup na UEFA Super Cup. == Mafanikio == === Akiwa Mchezaji === Juventus * Serie A: 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79, 1982–83 * European Cup: 1984–85 * UEFA Cup: 1976–77 * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1983–84 * UEFA Super Cup: 1984<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060513122510/http://www.assoallenatori.it/aiacweb.nsf/WebviewAllenatorebyNumero/d1191885d0c0ca54c1256a45005bc522</ref><ref>https://www.corrieredellosport.it/news/calcio/2015/10/17-5024596/veltroni_intervista_tardelli_inter_e_milan_mi_scartarono_?cookieAccept=</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3rgskdgmwrspg7jznt3dz50kd2k5i62 0 246358 1590108 2026-08-21T22:53:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Demetrio Albertini''' (alizaliwa [[23 Agosti]] [[1971]]) ni msimamizi wa mpira wa miguu na mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Italia]]. Kwa sasa ni mkurugenzi wa michezo wa [[klabu]] ya Parma. Hapo awali, alikuwa makamu wa rais wa Shirikisho la Soka la Italia (FIGC). == Kazi ya kimataifa == Akiichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia, Albertini alicheza [[mechi]] 79 kati ya mwaka 1991 na 2002, na kufunga mabao 3. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 21 Desemba 1991, akiwa na umri wa miaka 20, katika ushindi wa 2–0 dhidi ya Cyprus huko Foggia. == Mafanikio == === AC Milan === * Serie A: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994 * Ligi ya Mabingwa UEFA: 1993–94 ** Mshindi wa pili: 1992–93, 1994–95 * Kombe la Super la Ulaya: 1989, 1994<ref>https://demetrioalbertini.it/</ref><ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/demetrio-albertini/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ljcf0ln7ca8sjnvqzjiw632d8jqwbkv 1590109 1590108 2026-08-21T22:55:03Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1590109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Demetrio Albertini''' (alizaliwa [[23 Agosti]] [[1971]]) ni msimamizi wa mpira wa miguu na mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Italia]]. Kwa sasa ni mkurugenzi wa michezo wa [[klabu]] ya Parma. Hapo awali, alikuwa makamu wa rais wa Shirikisho la Soka la Italia (FIGC). == Kazi ya kimataifa == Akiichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia, Albertini alicheza [[mechi]] 79 kati ya mwaka 1991 na 2002, na kufunga mabao 3. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 21 Desemba 1991, akiwa na umri wa miaka 20, katika ushindi wa 2–0 dhidi ya Cyprus huko Foggia. == Mafanikio == === AC Milan === * Serie A: 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994 * Ligi ya Mabingwa UEFA: 1993–94 * Mshindi wa pili: 1992–93, 1994–95 * Kombe la Super la Ulaya: 1989, 1994<ref>https://demetrioalbertini.it/</ref><ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/demetrio-albertini/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3sw0e4jkcfcmeep0yr2phec2saldqcr 0 246359 1590110 2026-08-21T23:01:06Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alessandro Nesta''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: ''Alessandro Nesta''; alizaliwa [[19 Machi]] [[1976]]) ni [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa Italia aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki wa kati. Kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa klabu ya Avellino, inayoshiriki Serie B. Nesta anachukuliwa sana kuwa miongoni mwa [[mabeki]] bora zaidi wa muda wote. Alijulikana kwa kasi yake, uwezo mkubwa wa kufanya tackling, umaridadi akiwa na mpira, uwezo wa kutoa pasi na kumkaba kwa karibu mpinzani. == Mafanikio == === Mchezaji === Lazio * Serie A: 1999–2000 * Coppa Italia: 1997–98, 1999–2000 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2000 * Kombe la Washindi wa Kombe la UEFA (UEFA Cup Winners' Cup): 1998–99 * UEFA Super Cup: 1999<ref>https://www.acmilan.com/en/club/legends/players/nesta</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/alessandro-nesta/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} cgwidqctlo23fepkkr6szf8wd76ym6t 0 246360 1590112 2026-08-21T23:06:17Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaetano Scirea''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: ''Gaetano Scirea''; [[25 Mei]] [[1953]] – [[3 Septemba]] [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki. Anachukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa mabeki bora zaidi katika historia ya soka. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka akiichezea [[Juventus]]. == Mafanikio == === Juventus === * Serie A: 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79, 1982–83 * Kombe la Ulaya (European Cup): 1984–85 * Kombe la Washindi wa Kombe la Ulaya (European Cup Winners' Cup): 1983–84 * Kombe la UEFA (UEFA Cup): 1976–77 * European Super Cup: 1984 * Intercontinental Cup: 1985 === Italia === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1982 <ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gaetano-scirea_%28Enciclopedia-dello-Sport%29/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ot0byf847jx7clrg9i7klyx4umj6o6i 0 246361 1590114 2026-08-21T23:10:41Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giancarlo Antognoni''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: ''Giancarlo Antognoni''; alizaliwa [[1 Aprili]] [[1954]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo. Alikuwa kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] mwenye kipaji na mbunifu, aliyekuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kutengeneza nafasi na kuendesha mashambulizi. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya [[maisha]] yake ya soka katika klabu ya Fiorentina, ambapo alishinda Coppa Italia na Anglo-Italian League Cup mwaka 1975. == Maisha ya klabu == Antognoni alizaliwa huko Marsciano. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika Serie D akiwa na [[klabu]] ya Asti Ma.Co.Bi., akiwa na umri wa miaka 16 tu. Mwaka 1972, [[kocha]] Nils Liedholm alimshawishi kujiunga na Fiorentina.<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe45874/giancarlo-antognoni/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} m5zqqwqfpusuvj6m9cbwt7c85umrk1g 0 246362 1590115 2026-08-21T23:15:50Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonio Cabrini''' (amezaliwa [[8 Oktoba]] [[1957]]) ni kocha wa soka wa [[Italia]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa soka. Alicheza kama beki wa kushoto, hasa akiwa na Juventus. Alishinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1982 akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. == Mafanikio == === Juventus === * Serie A: 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79, 1982–83 * Kombe la Intercontinental: 1985 * Kombe la Ulaya (European Cup): 1984–85 * Kombe la Ulaya (European Cup) – mshindi wa pili: 1982–83 * Kombe la Washindi wa Kombe la UEFA (UEFA Cup Winners' Cup): 1983–84 * Kombe la UEFA (UEFA Cup): 1976–77 * UEFA Super Cup: 1984 <ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/antonio-cabrini_%28Enciclopedia-dello-Sport%29/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} scqidewtd6jx6jogbciebrthvm44ogy 0 246363 1590116 2026-08-21T23:20:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gennaro Ivan Gattuso''' (amezaliwa [[9 Januari]] [[1978]]) ni kocha wa soka wa Italia na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani. Kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa Lazio. Gattuso alijulikana sana kama kiungo mkabaji wakati wa uchezaji wake, hasa kutokana na nguvu, ukakamavu na uwezo wake wa kukaba. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi === Gattuso alizaliwa huko Corigliano Calabro, Italia. Alianza maisha yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya Perugia, iliyokuwa katika eneo la Umbria. Mwezi Julai 1997, akiwa na umri wa miaka 19, alihamia klabu ya [[Scotland]], Rangers. Uhamisho huo ulikuwa na utata. Perugia iliishtaki Rangers kwa madai kwamba klabu hiyo ilimsajili Gattuso kinyume cha sheria, na suala hilo likafikishwa hadi [[FIFA]]. Gattuso baadaye alifichua kwamba mwanzoni alikataa kujiunga na Rangers, lakini alikubali baada ya baba yake kumshawishi kwenda Scotland.<ref>https://www.acmilan.com/en/club/legends/players/gattuso</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906013321/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=177845/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} opsfag7y7rngbo0slxybvn48al6tn1x 0 246364 1590117 2026-08-21T23:26:50Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudio Gentile''' (amezaliwa [[27 Septemba]] [[1953]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980. Gentile aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] mara mbili, na alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Italia iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la 1982. Katika ngazi ya [[klabu]], sehemu kubwa ya mafanikio yake ilikuwa akiwa na Juventus, ambako alicheza karibu mechi 300 za ligi. Akiwa [[Juventus]], alishinda: * Serie A mara 6 * Mataji 2 makubwa ya Ulaya == Mafanikio == === Mchezaji === Juventus * Serie A: 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79, 1982–83 * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1983–84 * UEFA Cup: 1976–77 * Kombe la Intercontinental – mshindi wa pili: 1973 * European Cup – mshindi wa pili: 1982–83 <ref>https://www.myjuve.it/players-juventus/claudio-gentile-10.aspx</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070825203758/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/winners/code=59/player=174555/interview.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ew38vlyommxy6lnowo7mhzj2g42ifyj 0 246365 1590118 2026-08-21T23:33:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicolò Barella''' (amezaliwa [[7 Februari]] [[1997]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] anayecheza kama kiungo wa kati katika klabu ya [[Inter Milan]] ya Serie A na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. Anajulikana kwa uwezo mkubwa wa kiufundi, bidii uwanjani, nguvu ya kufanya kazi na ubunifu. Mara nyingi hutambuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa viungo bora zaidi duniani. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Cagliari na kipindi kifupi Como === Barella alizaliwa mjini Cagliari na alilelewa katika akademi ya vijana ya Cagliari Calcio. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika kikosi cha kwanza tarehe 15 Januari 2015, alipocheza dhidi ya Parma katika uwanja wa Tardini kwenye Coppa Italia. Cagliari ilipoteza mechi hiyo kwa 2–1. Barella alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza Serie A tarehe 4 Mei 2015, pia dhidi ya Parma. Aliingia [[uwanjani]] dakika ya 68, akichukua nafasi ya Diego Farias, katika ushindi wa Cagliari wa 4–0 nyumbani.<ref>https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/204441/nicolo-barella</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} p3mntf1124z5wfejvvk2oulvvcr9fym 0 246366 1590119 2026-08-21T23:39:07Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alessandro “Sandro” Mazzola''' (amezaliwa [[8 Novemba]] [[1942]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa Italia aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] au kiungo mshambuliaji. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na Internazionale (Inter Milan) pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. Baada ya kustaafu soka, Mazzola pia alifanya kazi kama mchambuzi na mtoa maoni wa soka katika kituo cha [[televisheni]] cha kitaifa cha Italia, RAI. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Inter Milan === * Serie A: 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71 * Kombe la Ulaya (European Cup): 1963–64, 1964–65 * Kombe la Intercontinental: 1964, 1965 === Italia === * UEFA European Championship (Mashindano ya Ulaya): 1968 * [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA: mshindi wa pili — 1970 <ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sandro-mazzola/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161111195216/http://storiedicalcio.altervista.org/sandro-mazzola-1.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} dg8noqrpbda29s3v0ner2pi09x09185 0 246367 1590121 2026-08-21T23:45:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tarcisio Burgnich''' (matamshi ya Kiitaliano: [tarˈtʃiːzjo ˈburɲitʃ]; [[25 Aprili]] [[1939]] – [[26 Mei]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[kocha]] na [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa [[Italia]], aliyekuwa akicheza kama beki. Katika kipindi cha maisha yake ya soka, Burgnich aliwahi kuchezea Udinese, [[Juventus]], Palermo, Inter Milan na Napoli. Ingawa alishinda mataji akiwa na Juventus na Napoli, anajulikana zaidi kwa kipindi chake akiwa na [[Inter Milan]], ambako alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi maarufu cha ''Grande Inter'' chini ya kocha Helenio Herrera. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Inter === * Serie A: 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71 * Kombe la Ulaya (European Cup): 1964, 1965 * Kombe la Intercontinental: 1964, 1965 === Napoli === * Kombe la Anglo-Italia: 1976 * Coppa Italia: 1975–76 === Juventus === * Serie A: 1960–61 === Italia === * UEFA European Championship: 1968 * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: mshindi wa pili — 1970 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418012104/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bu/tarcisio-burgnich-1.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150103005740/http://www.corrieredellosport.it/remember/2009/07/02-73602/Ve+lo+ricordate+Tarcisio+Burgnich%3F+Ecco+come+vive</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} oz4oo1b8z2u33ja1f0a4s0dcu3jpjs2 0 246368 1590124 2026-08-21T23:53:55Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesco "Ciccio" Graziani''' (matamshi ya Kiitaliano: [franˈtʃesko ˈtʃittʃo ɡratˈtsjaːni]; alizaliwa [[16 Desemba]] [[1952]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] na aliyekuwa mchezaji wa soka, aliyekuwa akicheza kama mshambuliaji. Alianza taaluma yake ya soka akiwa na Arezzo mwaka 1970, na baadaye alijiunga na Torino mwaka 1973, ambako alidumu hadi mwaka 1981. Akiwa Torino, alishinda [[taji]] la Serie A mwaka 1976 na pia alitwaa [[tuzo]] ya Capocannoniere kama mfungaji bora wa Serie A mwaka 1977. == Kazi ya Klabu == Graziani alizaliwa huko Subiaco, katika mkoa wa [[Roma]]. Akiwa [[mshambuliaji]] mwenye uwezo mkubwa wa kufunga na mwenye nguvu za mwili, alianza kucheza soka katika [[klabu]] ya Bettini Quadraro, kabla ya kuhamia Arezzo na baadaye Torino mwaka 1973. Graziani alicheza misimu minane akiwa na Torino. Alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza katika Serie A tarehe 18 Novemba 1973 dhidi ya Sampdoria, na alifunga bao lake la kwanza katika [[ligi]] kuu tarehe 16 Desemba 1973 dhidi ya Bologna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160815221305/http://www.sportmediaset.mediaset.it/calcio/calcio/2013/fotogallery/1000624/mundial-1982-quell-italia-ha-fatto-31.shtml?foto=20</ref><ref>https://www.toronews.net/mondo-granata/museo-del-grande-torino-il-2-dicembre-linaugurazione-della-mostra-su-aldo-agroppi/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} okctajm7iflja1bf33xnkt897adj3az 0 246369 1590127 2026-08-21T23:59:08Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franco Causio''' (matamshi ya Kiitaliano: [ˈfraŋko ˈkauzjo]; alizaliwa [[1 Februari]] [[1949]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa [[Italia]] ambaye alishinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1982. Alikulia katika mfumo wa vijana wa klabu ya kwao, Lecce, kabla ya kujijengea umaarufu mkubwa akiwa na [[Juventus]] kwa miaka mingi katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980. Katika kipindi chote cha uchezaji wake, alipewa jina la utani “The Baron” (Baroni) kutokana na mtindo wake wa kucheza, malezi yake na uchezaji wenye nidhamu na heshima kwa wapinzani. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Juventus === * Serie A: 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79 * UEFA Cup: 1976–77 === Italia === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1982 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111009203605/http://football-italia.net/alltime/palermoxi.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080608073356/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=174462/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ie8v2vgpxyh4nuq50q5db9kauo4bclq 0 246370 1590130 2026-08-22T00:05:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto Donadoni''' (matamshi ya Kiitaliano: [roˈbɛrto donaˈdoːni]; alizaliwa [[9 Septemba]] [[1963]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] na aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka, aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo. Mara ya mwisho alikuwa kocha mkuu wa [[klabu]] ya Spezia, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie C, Kundi B. Donadoni alikuwa winga mwenye kipaji na uwezo wa kucheza nafasi mbalimbali, akiwa na uwezo wa kucheza upande wowote wa uwanja au katikati. Alianza taaluma yake ya soka akiwa na Atalanta. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Mchezaji === Milan * Serie A: 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 * Coppa Italia: Mshindi wa pili — 1989–90, 1997–98 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994 * Kombe la Ulaya / UEFA Champions League: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94 * European Super Cup: 1989, 1990, 1994 * [[Kombe]] la Intercontinental: 1989, 1990 Atalanta * Serie B: 1983–84 * Serie C1: 1981–82 <ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Donadoni_Roberto</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/roberto-donadoni/</ref><ref>https://www.italia1910.com/giocatori-scheda.asp?idgiocatore=238</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n11uwlwv80kzzduhgbxw2nwgaft02pd 1590131 1590130 2026-08-22T00:05:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1590131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto Donadoni''' (matamshi ya Kiitaliano: [roˈbɛrto donaˈdoːni]; alizaliwa [[9 Septemba]] [[1963]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] na aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka, aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo. Mara ya mwisho alikuwa kocha mkuu wa [[klabu]] ya Spezia, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie C, Kundi B. Donadoni alikuwa winga mwenye kipaji na uwezo wa kucheza nafasi mbalimbali, akiwa na uwezo wa kucheza upande wowote wa uwanja au katikati. Alianza taaluma yake ya soka akiwa na Atalanta. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Mchezaji === Milan * Serie A: 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 * Coppa Italia: Mshindi wa pili — 1989–90, 1997–98 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994 * Kombe la Ulaya / UEFA Champions League: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94 * European Super Cup: 1989, 1990, 1994 * [[Kombe]] la Intercontinental: 1989, 1990 Atalanta * Serie B: 1983–84 * Serie C1: 1981–82 <ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Donadoni_Roberto</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/roberto-donadoni/</ref><ref>https://www.italia1910.com/giocatori-scheda.asp?idgiocatore=238</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} j58g70iql9azc2w4hozqkz9rcjlc4ix 1590276 1590131 2026-08-22T09:30:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto Donadoni''' (matamshi ya [[Kiitalia]]: [roˈbɛrto donaˈdoːni]; alizaliwa [[9 Septemba]] [[1963]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] na alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka, akicheza kama kiungo. Mara ya mwisho alikuwa kocha mkuu wa [[klabu]] ya Spezia, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie C, Kundi B. Donadoni alikuwa winga mwenye kipaji na uwezo wa kucheza nafasi mbalimbali, akiwa na uwezo wa kucheza upande wowote wa uwanja au katikati. Alianza taaluma yake ya soka akiwa na Atalanta. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Mchezaji === Milan * Serie A: 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99 * Coppa Italia: Mshindi wa pili — 1989–90, 1997–98 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1992, 1993, 1994 * Kombe la Ulaya / UEFA Champions League: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94 * European Super Cup: 1989, 1990, 1994 * [[Kombe]] la Intercontinental: 1989, 1990 Atalanta * Serie B: 1983–84 * Serie C1: 1981–82 <ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Donadoni_Roberto</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/roberto-donadoni/</ref><ref>https://www.italia1910.com/giocatori-scheda.asp?idgiocatore=238</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9g801jpwh7j56cbs8wrhk1ryqbvrzsx 0 246371 1590146 2026-08-22T02:11:15Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Iftikhar Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 1 Januari 1957) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[mchezo]] wa kriketi na mwamuzi wa mechi mwenye asili ya Pakistan, anayeishi na kufanya kazi katika Falme za Kiarabu (UAE)Falme za Kiarabu (UAE). Alianza kazi [[mashindano]]<nowiki/>muzi katika mashindano ya kimataifa tarehe 14 Februari 2016, alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi ya Twenty20 International (T20I) kati ya Ireland na UAE. Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wanane wa uwanjani ka...' 1590146 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iftikhar Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 1 Januari 1957) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[mchezo]] wa kriketi na mwamuzi wa mechi mwenye asili ya Pakistan, anayeishi na kufanya kazi katika Falme za Kiarabu (UAE)Falme za Kiarabu (UAE). Alianza kazi [[mashindano]]<nowiki/>muzi katika mashindano ya kimataifa tarehe 14 Februari 2016, alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi ya Twenty20 International (T20I) kati ya Ireland na UAE. Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wanane wa uwanjani katika [[Dunia]]<nowiki/>ndano ya Ligi ya Dunia ya Kriketi ya ICC, Daraja la Nne ya mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Citation|title=Los Angeles gets ready to host ICC WCL Division 4 event|date=2016-10-19|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2016/media-releases/96573/los-angeles-gets-ready-to-host-icc-wcl-division-4-event|work=http://www.icc-cricket.com|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Januari 2017, alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI), kati ya Scotland na Hong Kong, katika mfululizo wa mechi za kimataifa uliofan yika Falme za Kiarabu.<ref>{{Citation|title=1st Match: Hong Kong v Scotland at Abu Dhabi, Jan 22, 2017 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/engine/match/1078659.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n768srjazggmeclljqrnnot8kwxqreb 0 246372 1590147 2026-08-22T02:14:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Masroor Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 15 Mei 1951) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Pakistan. Alizaliwa mjini Hyderabad, katika mkoa wa Sindh, [[Pakistan]]. Alihudumu zaidi kama mwamuzi katika mechi za kriketi za ndani nchini Pakistan. Pia aliwahi kusimamia mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI), ambayo ilikuwa ODI ya tano katika ziara ya West Indies nchini Pakistan mwaka 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of Cricke...' 1590147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masroor Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 15 Mei 1951) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Pakistan. Alizaliwa mjini Hyderabad, katika mkoa wa Sindh, [[Pakistan]]. Alihudumu zaidi kama mwamuzi katika mechi za kriketi za ndani nchini Pakistan. Pia aliwahi kusimamia mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI), ambayo ilikuwa ODI ya tano katika ziara ya West Indies nchini Pakistan mwaka 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Players/42/42664/42664.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5rw20n322zz5blqot1oyfby89vilurl 1590178 1590147 2026-08-22T04:28:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masroor Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 15 Mei 1951) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Pakistan. Alizaliwa mjini Hyderabad, katika mkoa wa Sindh, [[Pakistan]]. Alihudumu zaidi kama mwamuzi katika mechi za kriketi za ndani nchini Pakistan. Pia aliwahi kusimamia mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI), ambayo ilikuwa ODI ya tano katika ziara ya West Indies nchini Pakistan mwaka 1986.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Players/42/42664/42664.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jd9w22ypqzf2i70dcr8jpiihjcxqm5q 0 246373 1590148 2026-08-22T02:17:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Talat Ali Malik''' (alizaliwa tarehe 29 Mei 1950) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistan, ambaye alicheza katika mechi 10 za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1972 na 1979. Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za kimataifa. Alikuwa meneja wa Timu ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Pakistan kuanzia Oktoba 2006 hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe 17 Oktoba 2008, baada ya mashindano ya kriketi ya Twenty20 ya mataifa manne yaliyofanyika nchini Kanada, ambapo Pakistan ilifun...' 1590148 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talat Ali Malik''' (alizaliwa tarehe 29 Mei 1950) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistan, ambaye alicheza katika mechi 10 za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1972 na 1979. Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za kimataifa. Alikuwa meneja wa Timu ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Pakistan kuanzia Oktoba 2006 hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe 17 Oktoba 2008, baada ya mashindano ya kriketi ya Twenty20 ya mataifa manne yaliyofanyika nchini Kanada, ambapo Pakistan ilifungwa na Sri Lanka katika fainali. Talat Ali Malik ni mjukuu wa Malik Barkat Ali, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa harakati za [[uhuru]] waliotambuliwa kwa mchango wao muhimu katika kuanzishwa kwa Pakistan. Malik Barkat Ali alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Muhammad Ali Jinnah na Allama Iqbal.<ref>{{Citation|title=Former Pakistan opener Talat Ali Malik turns 72 today - Daily Times|date=2022-05-29|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/943020/former-pakistan-opener-talat-ali-malik-turns-72-today/|work=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Talat Ali Malik pia alifanya [[kazi]] katika Shirika la Ndege la Kimataifa la Pakistan kwa takribani miongo mitatu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali za uongozi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa meneja mkuu na mkurugenzi wa uendeshaji, kabla ya kustaafu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=2hlkq-oAAAAJ&hl=en|work=scholar.google.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2uhubzr62beke9zp2b9kmw6r35ouwoc 1590149 1590148 2026-08-22T02:17:19Z Don Malya 61486 1590149 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talat Ali Malik''' (alizaliwa tarehe 29 Mei 1950) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistan, ambaye alicheza katika mechi 10 za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1972 na 1979. Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za kimataifa. Alikuwa meneja wa Timu ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Pakistan kuanzia [[Oktoba]] 2006 hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe 17 Oktoba 2008, baada ya mashindano ya kriketi ya Twenty20 ya mataifa manne yaliyofanyika nchini Kanada, ambapo Pakistan ilifungwa na Sri Lanka katika fainali. Talat Ali Malik ni mjukuu wa Malik Barkat Ali, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa harakati za [[uhuru]] waliotambuliwa kwa mchango wao muhimu katika kuanzishwa kwa Pakistan. Malik Barkat Ali alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Muhammad Ali Jinnah na Allama Iqbal.<ref>{{Citation|title=Former Pakistan opener Talat Ali Malik turns 72 today - Daily Times|date=2022-05-29|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/943020/former-pakistan-opener-talat-ali-malik-turns-72-today/|work=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Talat Ali Malik pia alifanya [[kazi]] katika Shirika la Ndege la Kimataifa la Pakistan kwa takribani miongo mitatu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali za uongozi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa meneja mkuu na mkurugenzi wa uendeshaji, kabla ya kustaafu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=2hlkq-oAAAAJ&hl=en|work=scholar.google.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q44r3apgoekvq3wmoe8hsc3lfj542n6 1590201 1590149 2026-08-22T06:49:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talat Ali Malik''' (alizaliwa tarehe 29 Mei 1950) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistan, ambaye alicheza katika mechi 10 za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1972 na 1979. Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za kimataifa. Alikuwa meneja wa Timu ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Pakistan kuanzia [[Oktoba]] 2006 hadi alipojiuzulu tarehe 17 Oktoba 2008, baada ya mashindano ya kriketi ya Twenty20 ya mataifa manne yaliyofanyika nchini Kanada, ambapo Pakistan ilifungwa na Sri Lanka katika fainali. Talat Ali Malik ni mjukuu wa Malik Barkat Ali, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa harakati za [[uhuru]] waliotambuliwa kwa mchango wao muhimu katika kuanzishwa kwa Pakistan. Malik Barkat Ali alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Muhammad Ali Jinnah na Allama Iqbal.<ref>{{Citation|title=Former Pakistan opener Talat Ali Malik turns 72 today - Daily Times|date=2022-05-29|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/943020/former-pakistan-opener-talat-ali-malik-turns-72-today/|work=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Talat Ali Malik pia alifanya [[kazi]] katika Shirika la Ndege la Kimataifa la Pakistan kwa takribani miongo mitatu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali za uongozi, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa meneja mkuu na mkurugenzi wa uendeshaji, kabla ya kustaafu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=2hlkq-oAAAAJ&hl=en|work=scholar.google.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t1wtqotlimpg8rjarvh7d8wa5t64nil 0 246374 1590150 2026-08-22T02:20:21Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Phillip Alleyne''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa mchezo wa [[kriketi]] kutoka West Indies na [[meneja]] wa timu ya mpira wa miguu. Mechi yake pekee ya kimataifa kama mwamuzi ilikuwa mwaka 1978, alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phillip Alleyne|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/westindies/content/player/51199.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa meneja wa [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Mp...' 1590150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phillip Alleyne''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa mchezo wa [[kriketi]] kutoka West Indies na [[meneja]] wa timu ya mpira wa miguu. Mechi yake pekee ya kimataifa kama mwamuzi ilikuwa mwaka 1978, alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phillip Alleyne|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/westindies/content/player/51199.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa meneja wa [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Mpira wa Miguu ya Dominica. Alleyne alifariki mwezi Januari 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phillip Alleyne, founder of Dominica Cricket Umpire association and Referee Association has passed|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/phillip-alleyne-founder-of-dominica-cricket-umpire-association-and-referee-association-has-passed/|work=Dominica News Online|date=2020-01-27|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en-US|author=Admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Mameneja wa mpira]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] s0ebryam8j32oudgswshkdmwx2y2g55 1590193 1590150 2026-08-22T06:06:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phillip Alleyne''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa mchezo wa [[kriketi]] kutoka West Indies na [[meneja]] wa timu ya mpira wa miguu. Mechi yake pekee ya kimataifa kama mwamuzi ilikuwa mwaka 1978, alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi moja ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Phillip Alleyne|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/westindies/content/player/51199.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa meneja wa [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Mpira wa Miguu ya Dominica. Alleyne alifariki mwezi Januari 2020.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Phillip Alleyne, founder of Dominica Cricket Umpire association and Referee Association has passed|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/phillip-alleyne-founder-of-dominica-cricket-umpire-association-and-referee-association-has-passed/|work=Dominica News Online|date=2020-01-27|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en-US|author=Admin}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Mameneja wa mpira]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3uc8dkcf1dwxu1ykbpiwaw0u1eibqmi 0 246375 1590151 2026-08-22T02:23:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''George Allsop''' (4 Januari 1864 – 27 Machi 1927) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] aliyeshiriki katika mashindano ya daraja la kwanza kwa [[timu]] ya Transvaal kati ya misimu ya 1890–91 na 1897–98.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/2/2830/2830.html|work=www.cricketarchive.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] moja ya kriketi ya Majaribio kati...' 1590151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Allsop''' (4 Januari 1864 – 27 Machi 1927) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] aliyeshiriki katika mashindano ya daraja la kwanza kwa [[timu]] ya Transvaal kati ya misimu ya 1890–91 na 1897–98.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/2/2830/2830.html|work=www.cricketarchive.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] moja ya kriketi ya Majaribio katika msimu wa 1895–96. Alizaliwa Houghton, Hampshire, Uingereza, na alifariki mjini Johannesburg, Afrika Kusini. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1864]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1927]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] auyeet8q22ezgv6qop8q5dtrqheujic 1590210 1590151 2026-08-22T07:17:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Allsop''' (4 Januari 1864 – 27 Machi 1927) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] aliyeshiriki katika mashindano ya daraja la kwanza kwa [[timu]] ya Transvaal kati ya misimu ya 1890–91 na 1897–98.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/2/2830/2830.html|work=www.cricketarchive.co.uk|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kuwa mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] moja ya kriketi ya Majaribio katika msimu wa 1895–96. Alizaliwa Houghton, Hampshire, Uingereza, na alifariki mjini Johannesburg, Afrika Kusini. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1864]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1927]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] g24p7s6k9tc2obrqeaffxo5n087p9pv 0 246376 1590152 2026-08-22T02:26:07Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Niroshana Amarasinghe''' (alizaliwa tarehe 26 Septemba 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka ambaye alicheza katika mechi 33 za daraja la kwanza na mechi 22 za Orodha A kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niroshana Amarasinghe|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/48266.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Twenty20 tarehe 17 Agosti 2004, akiichezea Tamil...' 1590152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niroshana Amarasinghe''' (alizaliwa tarehe 26 Septemba 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka ambaye alicheza katika mechi 33 za daraja la kwanza na mechi 22 za Orodha A kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niroshana Amarasinghe|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/48266.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Twenty20 tarehe 17 Agosti 2004, akiichezea Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club katika mashindano ya SLC Twenty20 ya mwaka 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NCC vs Tamil Cricket Scorecard, 1st Round at Colombo, August 17, 2004|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/twenty-20-tournament-2004-304926/nondescripts-cricket-club-vs-tamil-union-cricket-and-athletic-club-1st-round-304930/full-scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi, na amewahi kusimamia [[mechi]] katika mashindano ya Premier Limited Overs ya msimu wa 2018–19. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7fgwj1au4g4ft8i3c1doqoj6g2b1rd4 1590191 1590152 2026-08-22T05:45:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niroshana Amarasinghe''' (alizaliwa tarehe 26 Septemba 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka ambaye alicheza katika mechi 33 za daraja la kwanza na mechi 22 za Orodha A kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2011.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Niroshana Amarasinghe|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/48266.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Twenty20 tarehe 17 Agosti 2004, akiichezea Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club katika mashindano ya SLC Twenty20 ya mwaka 2004.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NCC vs Tamil Cricket Scorecard, 1st Round at Colombo, August 17, 2004|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/twenty-20-tournament-2004-304926/nondescripts-cricket-club-vs-tamil-union-cricket-and-athletic-club-1st-round-304930/full-scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi, na amewahi kusimamia [[mechi]] katika mashindano ya Premier Limited Overs ya msimu wa 2018–19. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jfbisapcspcpcghgqe71t5l27kehacd 0 246377 1590153 2026-08-22T02:29:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anisur Rahman''' (kwa Kibengali: আনিসুর রহমান; alizaliwa tarehe 1 Machi 1971) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi ambaye alicheza katika mechi mbili za Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) kati ya mwaka 1995 na 1998. Akiwa mwamuzi, alisimamia [[mechi]] tisa za ODI kati ya 2014 na 2018, pamoja na mechi 13 za Kimataifa za Twenty20 (T20I) kati ya 2012 na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anisur Rahman|url=htt...' 1590153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anisur Rahman''' (kwa Kibengali: আনিসুর রহমান; alizaliwa tarehe 1 Machi 1971) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Bangladesh na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi ambaye alicheza katika mechi mbili za Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) kati ya mwaka 1995 na 1998. Akiwa mwamuzi, alisimamia [[mechi]] tisa za ODI kati ya 2014 na 2018, pamoja na mechi 13 za Kimataifa za Twenty20 (T20I) kati ya 2012 na 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anisur Rahman|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/bangladesh/content/player/56222.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Anisur alikuwa mchezaji mrefu wa kurusha mpira kwa mkono wa kushoto na alifanya vizuri katika Kombe la Asia la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 mwaka 1989. Katika mashindano hayo, alichukua wiketi 3 kwa kukabidhiwa mikimbio 44 dhidi ya India, na wiketi 3 kwa mikimbio 36 dhidi ya [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=::: Star Weekend Magazine :::|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2006/05/02/sports.htm|work=archive.thedailystar.net|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Baadaye alipandishwa katika kikosi cha taifa cha Bangladesh. Hata hivyo, alikabiliwa na ushindani mkubwa wa nafasi kutokana na uwepo wa warushaji wengine wawili wa mpira wa mkono wa kushoto, Gholam Nousher na Jahangir Alam Talukdar. [[Kazi]] yake ya kriketi pia iliathiriwa na majeraha pamoja na matatizo ya mipira isiyokuwa halali. Mwaka 1994, baada ya kustaafu kwa Gholam Nousher na Jahangir Alam Talukdar, Anisur Rahman aliibuka kwa muda kama mmoja wa warushaji bora wa [[mpira]] wa kasi nchini Bangladesh. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3810c9tolaukspfi7ztedcxeszvj0wl 0 246378 1590154 2026-08-22T02:34:12Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ali Arman''' (kwa Kibengali: আলী আরমান; alizaliwa tarehe 12 Desemba 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Bangladesh aliyekuwa mchezaji wa aina zote. Alicheza mechi 34 za daraja la kwanza na [[mechi]] 24 za Orodha A kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2007. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Bangladesh katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[ICC Under-19 World Cup 2002] Bangladesh Un...' 1590154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Arman''' (kwa Kibengali: আলী আরমান; alizaliwa tarehe 12 Desemba 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Bangladesh aliyekuwa mchezaji wa aina zote. Alicheza mechi 34 za daraja la kwanza na [[mechi]] 24 za Orodha A kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2007. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Bangladesh katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[ICC Under-19 World Cup 2002] Bangladesh Under-19s Squad|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2001-02/OTHERS+ICC/U19-WC2002/SQUADS/U19-WC2002_JAN-FEB2002_BDESH-U19-SQUAD.html|work=static.espncricinfo.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi, na alisimamia mechi katika [[Ligi]] ya Kriketi ya Daraja la Kwanza ya Dhaka msimu wa 2017–18. Ali Arman alitajwa katika habari mwaka 2020 baada ya kupatikana na [[COVID-19]] akiwa akihudumu kama mwamuzi wa akiba katika mechi ya Bangabandhu T20 Cup ya msimu wa 2020–21. Baadaye aliondolewa kwenye orodha ya maafisa wa mechi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ali Arman, reserve umpire in Bangabandhu T20 Cup, tests positive for Covid-19|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangabandhu-t20-cup-reserve-umpire-ali-arman-tests-positive-for-covid-19-1240242|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] bcbaqjsdyewee0ywgmsrflph7fjbxfd 0 246379 1590155 2026-08-22T02:38:13Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Henry James Armstrong''' (21 Juni 1885 – 23 Machi 1945)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/36/36154/36154.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> alikuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za [[kriketi]] za majaribio kutoka [[Australia]]. Armstrong alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha Glebe, mjini Sydney, Australia. Alisimamia mechi moja ya Majaribio, kati ya Australia na West Indies, iliyochezwa...' 1590155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry James Armstrong''' (21 Juni 1885 – 23 Machi 1945)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/36/36154/36154.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> alikuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za [[kriketi]] za majaribio kutoka [[Australia]]. Armstrong alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha Glebe, mjini Sydney, Australia. Alisimamia mechi moja ya Majaribio, kati ya Australia na West Indies, iliyochezwa katika uwanja wa Sydney Cricket Ground kuanzia tarehe 27 Februari hadi 4 Machi 1931. Katika mechi hiyo, ambayo West Indies ilipata ushindi wake wa kwanza dhidi ya Australia, Armstrong alikuwa mwamuzi pamoja na Walter French. Kati ya mwaka 1930 na 1937, alisimamia mechi 12 za Sheffield Shield zilizochezwa Sydney. Katika miaka ya 1930, pia alihudumu kwa miaka kadhaa kama katibu wa [[heshima]] wa Chama cha Waamuzi wa New South Wales. Armstrong alifunga ndoa na Essie Hill mnamo Novemba 1911, na walipata mabinti wawili. Alifariki nyumbani kwake katika kitongoji cha Wahroonga, Sydney, mwezi Machi 1945.<ref>{{Citation|title=Family Notices - The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) - 24 Mar 1945|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17937484|work=Trove|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1885]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1945]] 7wgmz3gf3qawniqnxxrfomvis94or5i 1590214 1590155 2026-08-22T07:26:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry James Armstrong''' (21 Juni 1885 – 23 Machi 1945)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/36/36154/36154.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> alikuwa mwamuzi wa mechi za [[kriketi]] za majaribio kutoka [[Australia]]. Armstrong alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha Glebe, mjini Sydney, Australia. Alisimamia mechi moja ya Majaribio, kati ya Australia na West Indies, iliyochezwa katika uwanja wa Sydney Cricket Ground kuanzia tarehe 27 Februari hadi 4 Machi 1931. Katika mechi hiyo, ambayo West Indies ilipata ushindi wake wa kwanza dhidi ya Australia, Armstrong alikuwa mwamuzi pamoja na Walter French. Kati ya mwaka 1930 na 1937, alisimamia mechi 12 za Sheffield Shield zilizochezwa Sydney. Katika miaka ya 1930, pia alihudumu kwa miaka kadhaa kama katibu wa [[heshima]] wa Chama cha Waamuzi wa New South Wales. Armstrong alifunga ndoa na Essie Hill mnamo Novemba 1911, na walipata mabinti wawili. Alifariki nyumbani kwake katika kitongoji cha Wahroonga, Sydney, mwezi Machi 1945.<ref>{{Citation|title=Family Notices - The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) - 24 Mar 1945|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17937484|work=Trove|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1885]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1945]] eh0xu2tmlvtxcnkb5jyg935zwww6ps0 0 246380 1590156 2026-08-22T02:41:10Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Gerald Alfred Ashman''' (24 Novemba 1899 – 15 Mei 1965) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini. Katika kriketi ya ndani ya daraja la kwanza, Ashman alicheza mechi sita kama mlinzi wa wiketi wa timu ya Orange Free State kati ya Desemba 1931 na Desemba 1932. Kati ya mwaka 1931 na 1950, Ashman alisimamia mechi 24 za kriketi za daraja la kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini. Kazi yake ya uamuzi katika mechi za Majaribi...' 1590156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Gerald Alfred Ashman''' (24 Novemba 1899 – 15 Mei 1965) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini. Katika kriketi ya ndani ya daraja la kwanza, Ashman alicheza mechi sita kama mlinzi wa wiketi wa timu ya Orange Free State kati ya Desemba 1931 na Desemba 1932. Kati ya mwaka 1931 na 1950, Ashman alisimamia mechi 24 za kriketi za daraja la kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini. Kazi yake ya uamuzi katika mechi za Majaribio ilianza mwaka 1935, <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/25/25117/Umpire_in_First-Class_Matches.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref>alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi ya pili ya Majaribio kati ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na Australia mjini Johannesburg mwezi Desemba. Alisimamia mechi zote tano za Majaribio kati ya Afrika Kusini na England katika msimu wa 1938–39. Mechi yake ya 14 na ya mwisho ya Majaribio kama mwamuzi ilichezwa Januari 1950, tena kati ya Afrika Kusini na [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SA vs AUS Cricket Scorecard, 2nd Test at Cape Town, December 31, 1949 - January 04, 1950|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-south-africa-1949-50-61373/south-africa-vs-australia-2nd-test-62705/full-scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1899]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1965]] 76534xqpch8d9f7tj3zkc9j5j3tnvwz 1590194 1590156 2026-08-22T06:16:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Gerald Alfred Ashman''' (24 Novemba 1899 – 15 Mei 1965) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] na mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini. Katika kriketi ya ndani ya daraja la kwanza, Ashman alicheza mechi sita kama mlinzi wa wiketi wa timu ya Orange Free State kati ya Desemba 1931 na Desemba 1932. Kati ya mwaka 1931 na 1950, Ashman alisimamia mechi 24 za kriketi za daraja la kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini. Kazi yake ya uamuzi katika mechi za Majaribio ilianza mwaka 1935, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/25/25117/Umpire_in_First-Class_Matches.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref>alipokuwa mwamuzi katika mechi ya pili ya Majaribio kati ya [[Afrika Kusini]] na Australia mjini Johannesburg mwezi Desemba. Alisimamia mechi zote tano za Majaribio kati ya Afrika Kusini na England katika msimu wa 1938–39. Mechi yake ya 14 na ya mwisho ya Majaribio kama mwamuzi ilichezwa Januari 1950, tena kati ya Afrika Kusini na [[Australia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=SA vs AUS Cricket Scorecard, 2nd Test at Cape Town, December 31, 1949 - January 04, 1950|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-south-africa-1949-50-61373/south-africa-vs-australia-2nd-test-62705/full-scorecard|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1899]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1965]] n7mq4z50wt6df2ozxvhbkq30omn7s9h 0 246381 1590158 2026-08-22T02:44:50Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohammad Asif''' (aliyezaliwa 11 Novemba 1973) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammad Asif|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/516824.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Amechezesha kama mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] za ndani za Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam 2017–18 na Kombe la Mkoa la Siku Moja 2016–17.<ref>{{Citation|title=Islamabad v Rawalpindi at Islamabad, Jan 8, 2017 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {...' 1590158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Asif''' (aliyezaliwa 11 Novemba 1973) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammad Asif|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/516824.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Amechezesha kama mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] za ndani za Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam 2017–18 na Kombe la Mkoa la Siku Moja 2016–17.<ref>{{Citation|title=Islamabad v Rawalpindi at Islamabad, Jan 8, 2017 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1048071.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Mnamo [[Desemba]] 2018, alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika [[fainali]] ya Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam 2018–19. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] gjhs6z6jj759xq027zr3qt1pqn7xgkx 1590183 1590158 2026-08-22T04:54:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammad Asif''' (aliyezaliwa 11 Novemba 1973) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mohammad Asif|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/516824.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Amechezesha kama mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] za ndani za Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam 2017–18 na Kombe la Mkoa la Siku Moja 2016–17.<ref>{{Citation|title=Islamabad v Rawalpindi at Islamabad, Jan 8, 2017 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1048071.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Mnamo [[Desemba]] 2018, alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika [[fainali]] ya Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam 2018–19. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 17cvvjz65yqvlpen8zdrovrzzcuhfb6 0 246382 1590159 2026-08-22T02:48:00Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mian Mohammad Aslam''' (aliyezaliwa 1 Aprili 1949) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi nane za Test kati ya mwaka 1984 na 2001, pamoja na mechi 18 za ODI kati ya mwaka 1982 na 2002. Aslam amewahi kufanya [[kazi]] kama mratibu mkuu wa Muslim Gymkhana, Lahore. Ndugu yake, Mian Pervez Akhtar, alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[mechi]] na kocha katika Muslim Gymkhana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former PCB match referee passes aw...' 1590159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mian Mohammad Aslam''' (aliyezaliwa 1 Aprili 1949) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi nane za Test kati ya mwaka 1984 na 2001, pamoja na mechi 18 za ODI kati ya mwaka 1982 na 2002. Aslam amewahi kufanya [[kazi]] kama mratibu mkuu wa Muslim Gymkhana, Lahore. Ndugu yake, Mian Pervez Akhtar, alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[mechi]] na kocha katika Muslim Gymkhana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former PCB match referee passes away|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1620754|work=Dawn|date=2021-04-28|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en|author=The Newspaper's Sports Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Farewell Pervez Akhtar - An Obituary|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/farewell-pervez-akhtar-an-obituary/70381.htm|work=Cricket World|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] nldc7o8pqeue9d5h35qub5t2fv8n565 1590184 1590159 2026-08-22T04:54:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mian Mohammad Aslam''' (aliyezaliwa 1 Aprili 1949) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika mechi nane za Test kati ya mwaka 1984 na 2001, pamoja na mechi 18 za ODI kati ya mwaka 1982 na 2002. Aslam amewahi kufanya [[kazi]] kama mratibu mkuu wa Muslim Gymkhana, Lahore. Ndugu yake, Mian Pervez Akhtar, alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[mechi]] na kocha katika Muslim Gymkhana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Former PCB match referee passes away|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1620754|work=Dawn|date=2021-04-28|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en|author=The Newspaper's Sports Reporter}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Farewell Pervez Akhtar - An Obituary|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/farewell-pervez-akhtar-an-obituary/70381.htm|work=Cricket World|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] o8i3xegwfhz2d3mlkeo06wmzgrzxl69 0 246383 1590160 2026-08-22T02:51:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sudhir Asnani''' (aliyezaliwa 7 Desemba 1960 huko Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sudhir Asnani profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sudhir-asnani-26314|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Alianza kazi yake ya uamuzi katika ngazi ya kimataifa mwaka 1998. Amechezesha kama mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] 10 za ODI, m...' 1590160 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sudhir Asnani''' (aliyezaliwa 7 Desemba 1960 huko Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sudhir Asnani profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sudhir-asnani-26314|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Alianza kazi yake ya uamuzi katika ngazi ya kimataifa mwaka 1998. Amechezesha kama mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] 10 za ODI, mechi nne za T20I, pamoja na zaidi ya mechi 100 za daraja la kwanza na List A. Pia amekuwa mwamuzi katika mechi 23 za [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Kriketi ya India (IPL).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Premier League Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_umpire.html?id=117&type=trophy|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 5g2aggtq08cn1czwl6ecdyh0hvaf3ze 1590199 1590160 2026-08-22T06:45:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sudhir Asnani''' (aliyezaliwa 7 Desemba 1960 huko Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka India.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sudhir Asnani profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sudhir-asnani-26314|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Alianza kazi yake ya uamuzi katika ngazi ya kimataifa mwaka 1998. Amechezesha kama mwamuzi katika [[mechi]] 10 za ODI, mechi nne za T20I, pamoja na zaidi ya mechi 100 za daraja la kwanza na List A. Pia amekuwa mwamuzi katika mechi 23 za [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Kriketi ya India (IPL).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Indian Premier League Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most_matches_umpire.html?id=117&type=trophy|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] k9z0b07cps5vwtguodguchz739nka4v 0 246384 1590162 2026-08-22T02:54:38Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ronald Aspinall''' (26 Oktoba 1918 – 16 Agosti 1999) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa Kiingereza, aliyechezea Yorkshire, na pia alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THROWBACK THURSDAY: BORN 100 YEARS AGO – RON ASPINALL|url=https://yorkshireccc.com/news/view/6326/throwback-thursday-born-100-years-ago-ron-aspinall|work=Yorkshire County Cricket Club|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Aspinall alizaliwa Almondbury, Hudders...' 1590162 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Aspinall''' (26 Oktoba 1918 – 16 Agosti 1999) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa Kiingereza, aliyechezea Yorkshire, na pia alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THROWBACK THURSDAY: BORN 100 YEARS AGO – RON ASPINALL|url=https://yorkshireccc.com/news/view/6326/throwback-thursday-born-100-years-ago-ron-aspinall|work=Yorkshire County Cricket Club|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Aspinall alizaliwa Almondbury, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia wa nafasi za chini na mpigaji wa [[mpira]] wa kasi ya wastani kwa mkono wa kulia. Alikuwa na umri wa miaka 27 alipocheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza mwaka 1946. Miaka minne baadaye, kazi yake ya uchezaji ilifikia mwisho kutokana na jeraha la kano ya Achilles. Mchezo wake wenye [[mafanikio]] zaidi ulikuwa mwaka 1947 dhidi ya Northamptonshire, ambapo alichukua wiketi 8 kwa runs 42 na wiketi 6 kwa runs 23, na kuisaidia Yorkshire kuifunga timu ya nyumbani kwa runs 351. Mwaka 1948, alicheza mara kwa mara kama mrithi wa Bill Bowes, akifungua mashambulizi ya upigaji wa Yorkshire pamoja na Alec Coxon. Katika mechi dhidi ya timu ya Don Bradman, iliyojulikana kama ''Invincibles'', Aspinall alimtoa Bradman katika innings ya pili ya Australia baada ya Bradman kushikwa na Len Hutton akiwa amefunga runs 86. Pia aliwatoa Sid Barnes, Doug Ring, Ernie Toshack na Keith Miller. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1999]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Uingereza]] 501kl2dxpkr4mrj6221naml7y9y1byq 1590195 1590162 2026-08-22T06:20:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Aspinall''' (26 Oktoba 1918 – 16 Agosti 1999) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa Kiingereza, aliyechezea Yorkshire, na pia alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=THROWBACK THURSDAY: BORN 100 YEARS AGO – RON ASPINALL|url=https://yorkshireccc.com/news/view/6326/throwback-thursday-born-100-years-ago-ron-aspinall|work=Yorkshire County Cricket Club|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Aspinall alizaliwa Almondbury, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia wa nafasi za chini na mpigaji wa [[mpira]] wa kasi ya wastani kwa mkono wa kulia. Alikuwa na umri wa miaka 27 alipocheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza mwaka 1946. Miaka minne baadaye, kazi yake ya uchezaji ilifikia mwisho kutokana na jeraha la kano ya Achilles. Mchezo wake wenye [[mafanikio]] zaidi ulikuwa mwaka 1947 dhidi ya Northamptonshire, ambapo alichukua wiketi 8 kwa runs 42 na wiketi 6 kwa runs 23, na kuisaidia Yorkshire kuifunga timu ya nyumbani kwa runs 351. Mwaka 1948, alicheza mara kwa mara kama mrithi wa Bill Bowes, akifungua mashambulizi ya upigaji wa Yorkshire pamoja na Alec Coxon. Katika mechi dhidi ya timu ya Don Bradman, iliyojulikana kama ''Invincibles'', Aspinall alimtoa Bradman katika innings ya pili ya Australia baada ya Bradman kushikwa na Len Hutton akiwa amefunga runs 86. Pia aliwatoa Sid Barnes, Doug Ring, Ernie Toshack na Keith Miller. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1999]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Uingereza]] nvydwinpp8wjcisgv3uk8a0axoyeaow 0 246385 1590165 2026-08-22T03:13:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tariq Ata''' (1943 – 24 Julai 1989) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi za ndani, alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya Pakistani na [[Australia]] mwaka 1988, pamoja na mechi sita za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1982 na 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tariq Ata|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43424.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=20...' 1590165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariq Ata''' (1943 – 24 Julai 1989) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi za ndani, alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya Pakistani na [[Australia]] mwaka 1988, pamoja na mechi sita za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1982 na 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tariq Ata|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43424.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 579soq4g2sdmcb7sj21q0alu1xvp3uk 1590204 1590165 2026-08-22T06:52:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariq Ata''' (1943 – 24 Julai 1989) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi za ndani, alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya Pakistani na [[Australia]] mwaka 1988, pamoja na mechi sita za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1982 na 1988.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tariq Ata|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43424.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] b6rdtse94u91fynpoo1j72pbxfepocf 0 246386 1590167 2026-08-22T03:17:01Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''George Ayling''' MBE (14 Novemba 1919 – 9 Oktoba 1964) alikuwa [[mwanajeshi]] wa Kiingereza na mwamuzi wa kriketi nchini [[India]]. Alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya India na Australia mnamo Novemba 1956. Ayling alizaliwa Kent, Uingereza. Alikuwa sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Kikosi cha Walinzi wa Grenadier. Alitumwa kufanya kazi kwa Serikali ya India na alipangiwa katika Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Ulinzi huko Khadakwasla,...' 1590167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Ayling''' MBE (14 Novemba 1919 – 9 Oktoba 1964) alikuwa [[mwanajeshi]] wa Kiingereza na mwamuzi wa kriketi nchini [[India]]. Alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya India na Australia mnamo Novemba 1956. Ayling alizaliwa Kent, Uingereza. Alikuwa sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Kikosi cha Walinzi wa Grenadier. Alitumwa kufanya kazi kwa Serikali ya India na alipangiwa katika Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Ulinzi huko Khadakwasla, Pune, ambako alianza kufanya [[kazi]] ya uamuzi wa kriketi. Alianza katika mechi za wanajeshi na baadaye akafikia kusimamia mechi za Kombe la Ranji katika msimu wa 1954–55. Mnamo Novemba 1956, alisimamia mechi ya tatu ya majaribio katika mfululizo kati ya India na Australia. Kwa jumla, alisimamia mechi nane za kriketi ya daraja la kwanza nchini India kati ya [[Februari]] 1955 na Februari 1957. Alitunukiwa cheo cha Mjumbe wa Daraja la Dola ya Uingereza (MBE) katika Tuzo za Siku ya Kuzaliwa za mwaka 1955. Ayling alikusudia kustaafu utumishi wa kijeshi na kurejea Uingereza ili kuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi wa kitaalamu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sujit Mukherjee|date=2026-08-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sujit_Mukherjee&oldid=1369544369|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Baada ya kurejea Uingereza, alichukua nafasi ya sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Chuo cha Eton. Hata hivyo, alifariki ghafla kutokana na ugonjwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 44.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/38/38180/38180.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1919]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1964]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 576m903fqd4o0xtelj0byqegh6vqfa3 1590211 1590167 2026-08-22T07:17:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Ayling''' MBE (14 Novemba 1919 – 9 Oktoba 1964) alikuwa [[mwanajeshi]] wa Kiingereza na mwamuzi wa kriketi nchini [[India]]. Alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya India na Australia mnamo Novemba 1956. Ayling alizaliwa Kent, Uingereza. Alikuwa sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Kikosi cha Walinzi wa Grenadier. Alitumwa kufanya kazi kwa Serikali ya India na alipangiwa katika Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Ulinzi huko Khadakwasla, Pune, ambako alianza kufanya [[kazi]] ya uamuzi wa kriketi. Alianza katika mechi za wanajeshi na baadaye akafikia kusimamia mechi za Kombe la Ranji katika msimu wa 1954–55. Mnamo Novemba 1956, alisimamia mechi ya tatu ya majaribio katika mfululizo kati ya India na Australia. Kwa jumla, alisimamia mechi nane za kriketi ya daraja la kwanza nchini India kati ya [[Februari]] 1955 na Februari 1957. Alitunukiwa cheo cha Mjumbe wa Daraja la Dola ya Uingereza (MBE) katika Tuzo za Siku ya Kuzaliwa za mwaka 1955. Ayling alikusudia kustaafu utumishi wa kijeshi na kurejea Uingereza ili kuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi wa kitaalamu.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sujit Mukherjee|date=2026-08-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sujit_Mukherjee&oldid=1369544369|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> Baada ya kurejea Uingereza, alichukua nafasi ya sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Chuo cha Eton. Hata hivyo, alifariki ghafla kutokana na ugonjwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 44.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/38/38180/38180.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1919]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1964]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] o55bw3qfvnfo7i9d7bpta5rmhcawisd 0 246387 1590168 2026-08-22T03:19:47Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aziz-ur-Rehman Malik''' (aliyezaliwa 25 Julai 1959) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani. Alicheza katika mechi tano za kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kati ya mwaka 1983 na 1986. Baadaye akawa mwamuzi wa kriketi, na alisimamia [[mechi]] kati ya Lahore Blues na Benki ya Taifa ya Pakistani katika Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam la 2017–18, tarehe 3 Oktoba 2017. Mnamo Februari 2020, alichaguliwa kuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Pakistani katika [[Kombe]] l...' 1590168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aziz-ur-Rehman Malik''' (aliyezaliwa 25 Julai 1959) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Pakistani. Alicheza katika mechi tano za kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kati ya mwaka 1983 na 1986. Baadaye akawa mwamuzi wa kriketi, na alisimamia [[mechi]] kati ya Lahore Blues na Benki ya Taifa ya Pakistani katika Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam la 2017–18, tarehe 3 Oktoba 2017. Mnamo Februari 2020, alichaguliwa kuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Pakistani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Wachezaji Wenye Umri Zaidi ya Miaka 50 nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over-50s Cricket World Cup, 2019/20 - Pakistan Over-50s Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=13612&team=6725&type=tournament|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mashindano hayo yalighairiwa wakati wa raundi ya tatu ya mechi kutokana na janga la COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over-50s World Cup in South Africa cancelled due to COVID-19 outbreak|url=https://www.cricketworld.com/over-50s-world-cup-in-south-africa-cancelled-due-to-covid-19-outbreak/62521.htm|work=Cricket World|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 27n8lzx8nm5exnmkcg5s7fvl8eg242a 0 246388 1590170 2026-08-22T03:22:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khalid Aziz''' (15 Julai 1937 – 2 Julai 2011) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi za kriketi za ndani, alisimamia mechi tatu za kriketi za kimataifa za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1992, pamoja na mechi saba za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1977 na 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khalid Aziz|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/41142.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=20...' 1590170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khalid Aziz''' (15 Julai 1937 – 2 Julai 2011) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi za kriketi za ndani, alisimamia mechi tatu za kriketi za kimataifa za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1992, pamoja na mechi saba za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1977 na 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khalid Aziz|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/41142.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Wakati wa ziara ya timu ya West Indies nchini Pakistani mwaka 1980–81, alipinga hadharani shinikizo waliloweka maafisa kwa waamuzi ili kutoa maamuzi yaliyoinufaisha [[timu]] ya nyumbani, na kwa sababu hiyo alifukuzwa kazi. Hakuteuliwa kusimamia mechi nyingine ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza hadi mwaka 1988. Alikuwa [[binamu]] wa mchezaji wa kriketi wa mechi za kimataifa za majaribio Farooq Hamid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile: In a league of her own|url=https://www.dawn.com/2011/08/13/profile-in-a-league-of-her-own/|work=Dawn|date=2011-08-13|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en|author=From InpaperMagazine}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 2tbtjxh6dt85opqy4qvhpcq5ucsz7h6 1590220 1590170 2026-08-22T07:54:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khalid Aziz''' (15 Julai 1937 – 2 Julai 2011) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi za kriketi za ndani, alisimamia mechi tatu za kriketi za kimataifa za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1978 na 1992, pamoja na mechi saba za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1977 na 1993.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Khalid Aziz|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/41142.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> Wakati wa ziara ya timu ya West Indies nchini Pakistani mwaka 1980–81, alipinga hadharani shinikizo waliloweka maafisa kwa waamuzi ili kutoa maamuzi yaliyoinufaisha [[timu]] ya nyumbani, na kwa sababu hiyo alifukuzwa kazi. Hakuteuliwa kusimamia mechi nyingine ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza hadi mwaka 1988. Alikuwa [[binamu]] wa mchezaji wa kriketi wa mechi za kimataifa za majaribio Farooq Hamid.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profile: In a league of her own|url=https://www.dawn.com/2011/08/13/profile-in-a-league-of-her-own/|work=Dawn|date=2011-08-13|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en|author=From InpaperMagazine}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 32ci5ao0j731g78om5hia6jt0eo12oi 0 246389 1590171 2026-08-22T03:25:44Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vinod Babu''' (aliyezaliwa 20 Mei 1968) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] anayeishi Oman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oman umpires to join ICC officials for Quadrangular Series|url=https://www.omancricket.org/oman-umpires-join-icc-officials-quadrangular-series/|work=Oman Cricket|date=2019-02-11|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo 20 Januari 2019, Babu alifanya [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kama mwamuzi katika kriketi ya kimataifa ya...' 1590171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vinod Babu''' (aliyezaliwa 20 Mei 1968) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] anayeishi Oman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oman umpires to join ICC officials for Quadrangular Series|url=https://www.omancricket.org/oman-umpires-join-icc-officials-quadrangular-series/|work=Oman Cricket|date=2019-02-11|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo 20 Januari 2019, Babu alifanya [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kama mwamuzi katika kriketi ya kimataifa ya Twenty20, katika mechi kati ya Maldives na Kuwait kwenye mashindano ya ACC Western Region T20 ya 2019. Mnamo 10 Februari 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa sehemu ya timu ya waamuzi yenye watu wanne kwa [[mashindano]] ya Twenty20 ya kimataifa ya timu nne, yaliyofanyika Oman kuanzia 13 hadi 17 Februari 2019. Babu alijiunga na mwamuzi mwandamizi wa ndani Rahul Asher, pamoja na maafisa wawili wa Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi, Graeme Labrooy na Ahsan Raza. Mnamo 6 Januari 2020, Babu alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya siku moja, kati ya Namibia na Falme za Kiarabu, katika mashindano ya Oman ya timu tatu ya mwaka 2020. Mnamo Novemba 2024, Babu alikuwa mmoja wa maafisa katika ziara ya timu ya [[Uholanzi]] nchini Oman, iliyohusisha mechi mbili za kimataifa za Twenty20 na mechi moja ya kimataifa ya siku moja. Kufikia Desemba 2025, alikuwa amesimamia mechi 15 za kimataifa za siku moja na mechi 40 za kimataifa za Twenty20, zikiwemo mechi 10 za Twenty20 za wanawake.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vinod Babu batting bowling stats, averages and cricket statistics, 2024|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vinod-babu-1143803/bowling-batting-stats|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 670p2sb49vkxeei7wek8yphv3koxco8 1590212 1590171 2026-08-22T07:18:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1590212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vinod Babu''' (aliyezaliwa 20 Mei 1968) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] anayeishi Oman.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oman umpires to join ICC officials for Quadrangular Series|url=https://www.omancricket.org/oman-umpires-join-icc-officials-quadrangular-series/|work=Oman Cricket|date=2019-02-11|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Mnamo 20 Januari 2019, Babu alifanya [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kama mwamuzi katika kriketi ya kimataifa ya Twenty20, katika mechi kati ya Maldives na Kuwait kwenye mashindano ya ACC Western Region T20 ya 2019. Mnamo 10 Februari 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa sehemu ya timu ya waamuzi yenye watu wanne kwa [[mashindano]] ya Twenty20 ya kimataifa ya timu nne, yaliyofanyika Oman kuanzia 13 hadi 17 Februari 2019. Babu alijiunga na mwamuzi mwandamizi wa ndani Rahul Asher, pamoja na maafisa wawili wa Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi, Graeme Labrooy na Ahsan Raza. Mnamo 6 Januari 2020, Babu alisimamia mechi yake ya kwanza ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya siku moja, kati ya Namibia na Falme za Kiarabu, katika mashindano ya Oman ya timu tatu ya mwaka 2020. Mnamo Novemba 2024, Babu alikuwa mmoja wa maafisa katika ziara ya timu ya [[Uholanzi]] nchini Oman, iliyohusisha mechi mbili za kimataifa za Twenty20 na mechi moja ya kimataifa ya siku moja. Kufikia Desemba 2025, alikuwa amesimamia mechi 15 za kimataifa za siku moja na mechi 40 za kimataifa za Twenty20, zikiwemo mechi 10 za Twenty20 za wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Vinod Babu batting bowling stats, averages and cricket statistics, 2024|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vinod-babu-1143803/bowling-batting-stats|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] q6iy0ns9426byp2zzwn0jpn9pg70uax 0 246390 1590172 2026-08-22T03:30:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saleem Badar''' (aliyezaliwa 16 Mei 1953) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi nyingi za kriketi za ndani, alisimamia mechi tano za kriketi za kimataifa za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1988 na 1998, pamoja na mechi 29 za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1988 na 2002. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika fainali ya [[Kombe]] la Quaid-e-Azam la msimu wa 2007–08.<ref>{{Citat...' 1590172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saleem Badar''' (aliyezaliwa 16 Mei 1953) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistani]]. Mbali na kusimamia mechi nyingi za kriketi za ndani, alisimamia mechi tano za kriketi za kimataifa za majaribio kati ya mwaka 1988 na 1998, pamoja na mechi 29 za kriketi za kimataifa za siku moja kati ya mwaka 1988 na 2002. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika fainali ya [[Kombe]] la Quaid-e-Azam la msimu wa 2007–08.<ref>{{Citation|title=Final: Habib Bank Limited v Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited at Karachi, Jan 7-11, 2008 {{!}} Cricket Scorecard {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/engine/match/313957.html|work=Cricinfo|language=en|access-date=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] s7f2ziovju6t829xyhl8a79zz6icpm8 0 246391 1590173 2026-08-22T03:32:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jack Badley''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka West Indies. Alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya West Indies na [[Uingereza]] mwaka 1930.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Badley|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/51277.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}}' 1590173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Badley''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka West Indies. Alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya West Indies na [[Uingereza]] mwaka 1930.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jack Badley|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/51277.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} r7b84qq30m01h2vos98n6qjyfs8yhjj 1590216 1590173 2026-08-22T07:35:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Badley''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka West Indies. Alisimamia mechi moja ya kriketi ya kimataifa ya majaribio kati ya West Indies na [[Uingereza]] mwaka 1930.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jack Badley|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/westindies/content/player/51277.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-08-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} dk5sq3q2dgfvtpaczimwqvrl0ytcfbt 0 246392 1590186 2026-08-22T05:14:55Z Gayle157 73366 Create 1590186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2027''' unatarajiwa kufanyika tarehe 10 Agosti 2027, kwa mujibu wa [[Katiba ya Kenya]], kwa ajili ya kuwachagua [[Rais wa Kenya|Rais]], wabunge wa [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Kenya]], [[Seneti ya Kenya]], magavana, na wawakilishi wengine wa kitaifa na kaunti.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art101">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_101 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 101: Election of members of Parliament |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Uchaguzi huo utafuata [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2022]] na unatarajiwa kuendeshwa na [[Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi na Mipaka]] (IEBC).<ref name="IEBC_Mandate">{{cite web |url=https://www.iebc.or.ke/about/?mandate |title=IEBC Mandate and Functions |website=iebc.or.ke |publisher=Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Matokeo ya uchaguzi huo yataamua viongozi wa Kenya katika ngazi za kitaifa na kaunti kwa kipindi kijacho cha uongozi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government">{{cite web |last=Ingham |first=Kenneth |title=Kenya - Government and society |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/Government-and-society |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> == Muhtasari == Uchaguzi huo unatarajiwa kujumuisha uchaguzi wa [[Rais wa Kenya]], ambaye ni mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali, pamoja na uchaguzi wa wajumbe wa [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Kenya]] na [[Seneti ya Kenya]].<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art136">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_136 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 136: Election of the President |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Nafasi nyingine zinazohusiana na mfumo wa ugatuzi nchini Kenya, zikiwemo [[Magavana wa Kenya|magavana wa kaunti]], wajumbe wa mabunge ya kaunti na wawakilishi wengine waliochaguliwa, pia zinatarajiwa kuwania uchaguzi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government"/> Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kenya, mgombea wa urais lazima apate zaidi ya nusu ya kura zote zilizopigwa na angalau asilimia 25 ya kura katika zaidi ya nusu ya kaunti ili kushinda katika duru ya kwanza; vinginevyo, uchaguzi wa duru ya pili hufanyika kati ya wagombea wawili waliopata kura nyingi zaidi.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art138">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_138 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 138: Procedure at presidential election |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> nfm5u0z8u1tjrkds25aa6j0zsadh8va 1590187 1590186 2026-08-22T05:16:57Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ 1590187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2027''' unatarajiwa kufanyika tarehe 10 Agosti 2027, kwa mujibu wa [[Katiba ya Kenya]], kwa ajili ya kuwachagua [[Rais wa Kenya|Rais]], wabunge wa [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Kenya]], [[Seneti ya Kenya]], magavana, na wawakilishi wengine wa kitaifa na kaunti.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art101">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_101 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 101: Election of members of Parliament |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Uchaguzi huo utafuata [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2022]] na unatarajiwa kuendeshwa na [[Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi na Mipaka]] (IEBC).<ref name="IEBC_Mandate">{{cite web |url=https://www.iebc.or.ke/about/?mandate |title=IEBC Mandate and Functions |website=iebc.or.ke |publisher=Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Matokeo ya uchaguzi huo yataamua viongozi wa Kenya katika ngazi za kitaifa na kaunti kwa kipindi kijacho cha uongozi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government">{{cite web |last=Ingham |first=Kenneth |title=Kenya - Government and society |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/Government-and-society |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> [[Jamii:Uchaguzi nchini Kenya]] == Muhtasari == Uchaguzi huo unatarajiwa kujumuisha uchaguzi wa [[Rais wa Kenya]], ambaye ni mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali, pamoja na uchaguzi wa wajumbe wa [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Kenya]] na [[Seneti ya Kenya]].<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art136">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_136 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 136: Election of the President |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Nafasi nyingine zinazohusiana na mfumo wa ugatuzi nchini Kenya, zikiwemo [[Magavana wa Kenya|magavana wa kaunti]], wajumbe wa mabunge ya kaunti na wawakilishi wengine waliochaguliwa, pia zinatarajiwa kuwania uchaguzi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government"/> Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kenya, mgombea wa urais lazima apate zaidi ya nusu ya kura zote zilizopigwa na angalau asilimia 25 ya kura katika zaidi ya nusu ya kaunti ili kushinda katika duru ya kwanza; vinginevyo, uchaguzi wa duru ya pili hufanyika kati ya wagombea wawili waliopata kura nyingi zaidi.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art138">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_138 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 138: Procedure at presidential election |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> 34w6r98xbz9ve69tjd53wkn1f51l9sg 1590189 1590187 2026-08-22T05:24:20Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ 1590189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2027''' unatarajiwa kufanyika tarehe 10 Agosti 2027, kwa mujibu wa [[Katiba ya Kenya]], kwa ajili ya kuwachagua [[Rais wa Kenya|Rais]], wabunge wa [[Bunge la Taifa la Kenya]], [[Seneti ya Kenya]], magavana, na wawakilishi wengine wa kitaifa na kaunti.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art101">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_101 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 101: Election of members of Parliament |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Uchaguzi huo utafuata [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2022]] na unatarajiwa kuendeshwa na [[Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi na Mipaka]] (IEBC).<ref name="IEBC_Mandate">{{cite web |url=https://www.iebc.or.ke/about/?mandate |title=IEBC Mandate and Functions |website=iebc.or.ke |publisher=Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Matokeo ya uchaguzi huo yataamua viongozi wa Kenya katika ngazi za kitaifa na kaunti kwa kipindi kijacho cha uongozi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government">{{cite web |last=Ingham |first=Kenneth |title=Kenya - Government and society |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/Government-and-society |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> [[Jamii:Uchaguzi nchini Kenya]] == Muhtasari == Uchaguzi huo unatarajiwa kujumuisha uchaguzi wa [[Rais wa Kenya]], ambaye ni mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali, pamoja na uchaguzi wa wajumbe wa [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Kenya]] na [[Seneti ya Kenya]].<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art136">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_136 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 136: Election of the President |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Nafasi nyingine zinazohusiana na mfumo wa ugatuzi nchini Kenya, zikiwemo [[Magavana wa Kenya|magavana wa kaunti]], wajumbe wa mabunge ya kaunti na wawakilishi wengine waliochaguliwa, pia zinatarajiwa kuwania uchaguzi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government"/> Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kenya, mgombea wa urais lazima apate zaidi ya nusu ya kura zote zilizopigwa na angalau asilimia 25 ya kura katika zaidi ya nusu ya kaunti ili kushinda katika duru ya kwanza; vinginevyo, uchaguzi wa duru ya pili hufanyika kati ya wagombea wawili waliopata kura nyingi zaidi.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art138">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_138 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 138: Procedure at presidential election |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> nnhbyd77rnty0kf854zz3fwor5o17ca 1590278 1590189 2026-08-22T09:32:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Muhtasari */ 1590278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2027''' unatarajiwa kufanyika tarehe 10 Agosti 2027, kwa mujibu wa [[Katiba ya Kenya]], kwa ajili ya kuwachagua [[Rais wa Kenya|Rais]], wabunge wa [[Bunge la Taifa la Kenya]], [[Seneti ya Kenya]], magavana, na wawakilishi wengine wa kitaifa na kaunti.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art101">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_101 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 101: Election of members of Parliament |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Uchaguzi huo utafuata [[Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Kenya wa 2022]] na unatarajiwa kuendeshwa na [[Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi na Mipaka]] (IEBC).<ref name="IEBC_Mandate">{{cite web |url=https://www.iebc.or.ke/about/?mandate |title=IEBC Mandate and Functions |website=iebc.or.ke |publisher=Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Matokeo ya uchaguzi huo yataamua viongozi wa Kenya katika ngazi za kitaifa na kaunti kwa kipindi kijacho cha uongozi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government">{{cite web |last=Ingham |first=Kenneth |title=Kenya - Government and society |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/Government-and-society |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> [[Jamii:Uchaguzi nchini Kenya]] == Muhtasari == Uchaguzi huo unatarajiwa kujumuisha uchaguzi wa [[Rais wa Kenya]], ambaye ni mkuu wa nchi na mkuu wa serikali, pamoja na uchaguzi wa wajumbe wa [[Bunge la Taifa la Kenya]] na [[Seneti ya Kenya]].<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art136">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_136 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 136: Election of the President |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> Nafasi nyingine zinazohusiana na mfumo wa ugatuzi nchini Kenya, zikiwemo [[Magavana wa Kenya|magavana wa kaunti]], wajumbe wa mabunge ya kaunti na wawakilishi wengine waliochaguliwa, pia zinatarajiwa kuwania uchaguzi.<ref name="Britannica_Kenya_Government"/> Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Kenya, mgombea wa urais lazima apate zaidi ya nusu ya kura zote zilizopigwa na angalau asilimia 25 ya kura katika zaidi ya nusu ya kaunti ili kushinda katika duru ya kwanza; vinginevyo, uchaguzi wa duru ya pili hufanyika kati ya wagombea wawili waliopata kura nyingi zaidi.<ref name="KLRC_Const_Art138">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/art_138 |title=Constitution of Kenya - Article 138: Procedure at presidential election |website=kenyalaw.org |publisher=Kenya Law Reform Commission |access-date=Agosti 22, 2026 }}</ref> [[Jamii:2027]] q7cvsnamzyiodb4vznkawxldjmj33ih 0 246393 1590202 2026-08-22T06:50:12Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sonija Kwok Sin-nei''' (amezaliwa [[22 Julai]], [[1974]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo wa Hong Kong ambaye alifanya kazi na TVB kuanzia 1999 hadi 2015. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa akisimamiwa na GAIA Entertainment.<ref>[http://yeinjee.com/2009/sonija-kwok-attacked-by-maid/ Sonija Kwok attacked by maid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603073008/http://yeinjee.com/2009/sonija-kwok-attacked-b...' 1590202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sonija Kwok Sin-nei''' (amezaliwa [[22 Julai]], [[1974]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo wa Hong Kong ambaye alifanya kazi na TVB kuanzia 1999 hadi 2015. Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa akisimamiwa na GAIA Entertainment.<ref>[http://yeinjee.com/2009/sonija-kwok-attacked-by-maid/ Sonija Kwok attacked by maid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603073008/http://yeinjee.com/2009/sonija-kwok-attacked-by-maid/ |date=2009-06-03 }}, Yeinjee's Asian Journal, 25 Mar 09</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] svoorzsetww677l3qccg8yn7ylas6yi 0 246394 1590205 2026-08-22T06:54:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christie Laing''' (alizaliwa [[10 Aprili]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Carly Diggle katika ''Arrow (TV series)'', Maid Marian katika ''Once Upon a Time'' na Michelle Hunter katika ''iZombie (TV series)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://instagram.com/p/1SEX86w-rW/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/christielaing_official/959848908727773910 |archive-date=2021-12-25 |url-access=regis...' 1590205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christie Laing''' (alizaliwa [[10 Aprili]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Carly Diggle katika ''Arrow (TV series)'', Maid Marian katika ''Once Upon a Time'' na Michelle Hunter katika ''iZombie (TV series)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://instagram.com/p/1SEX86w-rW/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/christielaing_official/959848908727773910 |archive-date=2021-12-25 |url-access=registration|title=©/o 1985 |publisher=Instagram |date= |accessdate=2015-04-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ezgrf3aew8vnz971bxleq5ra2rsllhz 0 246395 1590206 2026-08-22T06:58:17Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Karena Lam Kar Yan.jpg|thumb|200px|Lam katika [[Victoria Park (Hong Kong)|Victoria Park]] huko Hong Kong]] '''Karena Lam''' (amezaliwa [[17 Agosti]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Taiwan]] - [[Kanada]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi nchini Taiwan na Hong Kong.<ref name="cinemasie_lam2003">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemasie.com/en/fiche/dossier/51/|title=Interview Karena Lam |website=cinemasie.com |date=April 2003 |access-date=November...' 1590206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karena Lam Kar Yan.jpg|thumb|200px|Lam katika [[Victoria Park (Hong Kong)|Victoria Park]] huko Hong Kong]] '''Karena Lam''' (amezaliwa [[17 Agosti]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Taiwan]] - [[Kanada]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi nchini Taiwan na Hong Kong.<ref name="cinemasie_lam2003">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemasie.com/en/fiche/dossier/51/|title=Interview Karena Lam |website=cinemasie.com |date=April 2003 |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name="scmp_lam2016">{{cite web |URL=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/hk-magazine/article/2038280/actress-karena-lam-living-life-artistic |title=Actress Karena Lam is Living the Life Artistic |website=scmp.com |date=September 16, 2016 |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120103756/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/hk-magazine/article/2038280/actress-karena-lam-living-life-artistic |url-status=live }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201120103756if_/https://www.scmp.com/ archived]</ref><ref>{{cite web |URL=http://www.hkmdb.com/db/people/view.mhtml?id=14514&display_set=eng |title=Karena Lam Ka-Yan |website=hkmdb.com |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] cetahag9w3euhj17h3o2qfkhq8ftxnq 1590219 1590206 2026-08-22T07:50:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1590219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karena Lam Kar Yan.jpg|thumb|200px|Lam katika [[Victoria Park (Hong Kong)|Victoria Park]] huko Hong Kong]] '''Karena Lam''' (amezaliwa [[17 Agosti]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Taiwan]] - [[Kanada]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi nchini Taiwan na Hong Kong.<ref name="cinemasie_lam2003">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cinemasie.com/en/fiche/dossier/51/|title=Interview Karena Lam |website=cinemasie.com |date=April 2003 |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name="scmp_lam2016">{{cite web |URL=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/hk-magazine/article/2038280/actress-karena-lam-living-life-artistic |title=Actress Karena Lam is Living the Life Artistic |website=scmp.com |date=September 16, 2016 |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120103756/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/hk-magazine/article/2038280/actress-karena-lam-living-life-artistic |url-status=live }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20201120103756if_/https://www.scmp.com/ archived]</ref><ref>{{cite web |URL=http://www.hkmdb.com/db/people/view.mhtml?id=14514&display_set=eng |title=Karena Lam Ka-Yan |website=hkmdb.com |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] midcaz3a1h2iju0fu7uypu38l6u9z7u 0 246396 1590207 2026-08-22T07:02:21Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kristin Lehman''' (alizaliwa [[3 Mei]], [[1972]]) ni mkurugenzi wa televisheni na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Poltergeist: The Legacy'', ''Judging Amy'', na ''The Killing (U.S. TV series)''. Kuanzia 2013 hadi 2016, aliigiza nafasi ya upelelezi Angie Flynn katika mfululizo wa CTV Television Network|CTV ''Motive (TV series)''. Mwaka 2018, Lehman alicheza nafasi ya Miriam Bancroft, mke wa L...' 1590207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kristin Lehman''' (alizaliwa [[3 Mei]], [[1972]]) ni mkurugenzi wa televisheni na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa majukumu yake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Poltergeist: The Legacy'', ''Judging Amy'', na ''The Killing (U.S. TV series)''. Kuanzia 2013 hadi 2016, aliigiza nafasi ya upelelezi Angie Flynn katika mfululizo wa CTV Television Network|CTV ''Motive (TV series)''. Mwaka 2018, Lehman alicheza nafasi ya Miriam Bancroft, mke wa Laurens Bancroft, katika msimu wa kwanza wa ''Altered Carbon (TV series)'' ya Netflix.<ref name="yahoo">{{cite web | url=https://movies.yahoo.com/person/kristin-lehman/biography.html | title=Kristin Lehman- Biography | publisher=[[Yahoo! Movies]] | access-date=2013-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kristin Lehman to 'Arthur Newman' |first=Jeff |last=Sneider |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118044046 |newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=6 October 2011 |access-date=5 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/abc-adds-canadian-drama-motive-416847 | title=ABC Adds Canadian Drama 'Motive' to Summer Schedule | work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=30 January 2013 | access-date=2013-05-18 | author=O'Connell, Michael}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] dztkgg8wq95p9bw2a07ed2y8mmxjski 0 246397 1590208 2026-08-22T07:07:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Megan Leitch''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza Samantha Mulder katika ''The X-Files''.<ref name=ProvinceAliensRef>"Abducted by aliens: X-Files role big step for Megan Leitch" by Damian Inwood, ''[[The Province]]'' (15 Feb, 1995) [Final Edition] Retrieved from {{ProQuest|267526873}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Leitch alizaliwa [[Kamloops]], British Columbia. Alisomea katika [[Studio 58]] ya Langara na baadaye akaenda Nati...' 1590208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Megan Leitch''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza Samantha Mulder katika ''The X-Files''.<ref name=ProvinceAliensRef>"Abducted by aliens: X-Files role big step for Megan Leitch" by Damian Inwood, ''[[The Province]]'' (15 Feb, 1995) [Final Edition] Retrieved from {{ProQuest|267526873}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Leitch alizaliwa [[Kamloops]], British Columbia. Alisomea katika [[Studio 58]] ya Langara na baadaye akaenda [[National Theatre School of Canada|Shule ya Kitaifa ya Uigizaji ya Kanada]] huko Montreal.<ref name="btva">{{cite web |title=Megan Leitch (visual voices guide) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Megan-Leitch/ |access-date=September 26, 2023 |website=Behind the Voice Actors |type=A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] tck3xilzll2vo50a71aeu5nffne4nxi 1590209 1590208 2026-08-22T07:08:19Z Christina Charles 71406 1590209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Megan Leitch''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza Samantha Mulder katika ''The X-Files''.<ref name=ProvinceAliensRef>"Abducted by aliens: X-Files role big step for Megan Leitch" by Damian Inwood, ''[[The Province]]'' (15 Feb, 1995) [Final Edition] Retrieved from {{ProQuest|267526873}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Leitch alizaliwa [[Kamloops]], [[British Columbia]]. Alisomea katika Studio 58 ya Langara na baadaye akaenda Shule ya Kitaifa ya Uigizaji ya Kanada huko Montreal.<ref name="btva">{{cite web |title=Megan Leitch (visual voices guide) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Megan-Leitch/ |access-date=September 26, 2023 |website=Behind the Voice Actors |type=A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] gy9hyjolt4ml574e6mgksohw7dk75yv 0 246398 1590221 2026-08-22T08:10:33Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alessandro Altobelli''' (matamshi ya Kiitaliano: [alesˈsandro altoˈbɛlli]; alizaliwa [[28 Novemba]] [[1955]]) ni aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa soka wa [[Italia]], aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alishinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1982 akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. Alipewa jina la utani Spillo (“Sindano”) kutokana na umbo lake jembamba. Altobelli alikuwa mfungaji mahiri wa mabao na anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa washambuliaji bora na wenye ufanisi zaidi wa Italia mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 na katika miaka ya 1980. == Kazi ya Klabu == Altobelli alizaliwa huko Sonnino, katika mkoa wa Latina. Baada ya kuchezea Latina katika Serie C na Brescia katika Serie B, alisajiliwa na [[klabu]] ya Serie A, Inter Milan, mwaka 1977. Akiwa Inter Milan, alicheza michezo 466 na kufunga mabao 209, yakiwemo mabao 128 katika Serie A. Alitoa mchango mkubwa katika ushindi wa Inter wa Scudetto ya mwaka 1980, akifunga mabao 15. Pia aliisaidia Inter kushinda [[mataji]] mawili ya Coppa Italia, mwaka 1978 na 1982. Katika mashindano ya Coppa Italia ya mwaka 1982, Altobelli alimaliza akiwa mfungaji bora wa [[mashindano]], baada ya kufunga mabao tisa.<ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alessandro-altobelli_(Enciclopedia-dello-Sport)/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20051227182558/http://www.altobelli.it/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} nut5fo41dsgvewqy5kzgnm7ndu34zou 0 246399 1590222 2026-08-22T08:15:41Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dino Baggio''' (alizaliwa [[24 Julai]] [[1971]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa soka kutoka [[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa akicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo mkabaji. Katika maisha yake ya soka, aliichezea klabu mbalimbali za Italia na alishinda [[Kombe]] la UEFA mara tatu: mara mbili akiwa na Parma na mara moja akiwa na [[Juventus]]. Pia aliwahi kucheza nchini England akiwa na Blackburn Rovers. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia mara 60 kati ya mwaka 1991 na 1999 na kufunga mabao saba. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Italia kilichofika fainali ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA 1994. Baadaye, pia aliwakilisha Italia katika UEFA Euro 1996 na Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1998. == Mafanikio == === Torino === * Serie B: 1989–90 * Kombe la Mitropa: 1991 === Juventus === * Kombe la UEFA: 1992–93 === Parma === * Coppa Italia: 1998–99 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1999 * Kombe la UEFA: 1994–95, 1998–99 <ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/baggio_dino</ref><ref>https://www.italia1910.com/giocatori-scheda.asp?idgiocatore=35</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 4bc5idk2z6hn0wr7psbx9lh0y0zh46r 0 246400 1590223 2026-08-22T08:20:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giovanni “Gianni” Rivera''' (alizaliwa [[18 Agosti]] [[1943]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Italia]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa soka ambaye alikuwa akicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo [[mshambuliaji]]. Vyombo vya habari vilimpa jina la utani “Golden Boy” (Mvulana wa Dhahabu) wa Italia. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka katika klabu ya [[AC Milan]], baada ya kuanza soka la kulipwa akiwa na [[klabu]] ya nyumbani kwao, Alessandria, mwaka 1959. Baada ya kujiunga na Milan mwaka 1960, Rivera alipata mafanikio makubwa katika soka la Italia na Ulaya. Alishinda [[Kombe]] la Ulaya mara mbili, ubingwa wa Serie A mara tatu, na Coppa Italia mara nne, pamoja na mataji mengine kadhaa. Pia aliwahi kuwa [[nahodha]] wa AC Milan kwa misimu 12. == Maisha ya Awali == Rivera alizaliwa huko Alessandria, katika [[eneo]] la Piedmont, Italia, akiwa mtoto wa Edera na Teresio. Baba yake alikuwa mfanyakazi wa reli. Gianni alianza kucheza soka katika [[klabu]] ya eneo lao, ASD Don Bosco, ambako aligunduliwa na aliyekuwa kiungo wa Milan, Franco Pedroni, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa kocha msaidizi wa Alessandria. Ugunduzi huo ulimfanya Rivera kujiunga na klabu hiyo ya eneo iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie A akiwa na umri wa miaka 13.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/17424/Gianni_Rivera.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe41492/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu bara kwa bara]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} eanlo5ow0o0zczmvwxcy47z5mfl9036 0 246401 1590224 2026-08-22T08:27:11Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umberto Caligaris''' ([[26 Julai]] [[1901]] – [[19 Oktoba]] [[1940]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa [[Italia]] ambaye kwa kawaida alicheza katika nafasi ya beki wa kushoto. Aliwahi kuchezea A.S. Casale na [[Juventus]], kabla ya kumalizia maisha yake ya soka akiwa na Brescia. Akiwa na Juventus, Caligaris alishinda mataji matano mfululizo ya Serie A kati ya mwaka 1930 na 1935, [[rekodi]] ya Italia wakati huo. == Maisha ya Soka == Caligaris alizaliwa huko Casale Monferrato, katika [[eneo]] la Piedmont, Italia. Alitumia miaka tisa ya mwanzo ya maisha yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya eneo lao, A.S. Casale. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza akiwa na Casale tarehe 12 Oktoba 1919, katika [[mchezo]] dhidi ya wapinzani wao wa eneo hilo, Valenzana Calcio. Casale ilishinda mchezo huo kwa mabao 3–1. Wakati huo, Casale ilikuwa ikishiriki First Division ya Italia, ambayo ilikuwa mtangulizi wa Serie A. Klabu hiyo ilikuwa tayari imeshinda ubingwa wa Italia (Scudetto) mwaka 1914.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121012115940/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=CALIGUMB01</ref><ref>https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/26015</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1940]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kjt8us83mjswi0ociehz6ddxrsu3uek 0 246402 1590226 2026-08-22T08:36:34Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alessandro “Billy” Costacurta''' (alizaliwa [[24 Aprili]] [[1966]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa [[Italia]] aliyekuwa akicheza katika nafasi ya beki. Anachukuliwa kwa upana kuwa mmoja wa mabeki bora wa kizazi chake, kutokana na uwezo wake mkubwa wa ulinzi pamoja na ukweli kwamba alitumia maisha yake yote ya [[soka]] katika [[klabu]] moja. == Mafanikio == === AC Milan === * Serie A: 1987–88, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003–04 * Coppa Italia: 2002–03 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2004 * Kombe la Ulaya / UEFA Champions League: 1988–89, 1989–90, 1993–94, 2002–03, 2006–07 * European Super Cup / UEFA Super Cup: 1989, 1990, 1994 * Kombe la Intercontinental: 1989, 1990 <ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Costacurta_Alessandro</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070523055013/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=540323.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} g45lni9oijeunj6tka1spj1k2kk8gy4 0 246403 1590227 2026-08-22T08:43:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gianluca Vialli''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [dʒanˈluːka viˈalli, - ˈvjalli]; [[9 Julai]] [[1964]] – [[5 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji na [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu wa Italia aliyecheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Vialli alianza taaluma yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya kwao, Cremonese, mwaka 1980, ambako alicheza mechi 105 za ligi na kufunga mabao 23. Uchezaji wake uliivutia Sampdoria, iliyomsajili mwaka 1984. Akiwa Sampdoria, alifunga mabao 85 ya ligi na kushinda mataji matatu ya Coppa Italia, Serie A, pamoja na Kombe la Washindi wa [[Kombe]] la Ulaya (European Cup Winners' Cup). == Maisha binafsi na kifo == Vialli alizaliwa katika [[familia]] tajiri. Baba yake alikuwa milionea aliyejijenga mwenyewe; mara nyingi iliripotiwa kwamba baba yake alikuwa bilionea, lakini taarifa hiyo ilikanushwa na mama yake. Alifunga ndoa na Cathryn White Cooper tarehe 26 Agosti 2003, na walipata watoto wawili wa kike, Olivia na Sofia. Vialli alikuwa mpenda mchezo wa gofu na aliwahi kushiriki katika mashindano ya Dunhill Links Championship, katika kipengele cha wachezaji mahiri na wataalamu. Aliendelea kuishi katika [[eneo]] la SW6 jijini [[London]] hata miaka 20 baada ya kuondoka katika klabu ya [[Chelsea]].<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15049/Gianluca_Vialli.html</ref><ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Vialli_Gianluca</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} owk0mc68o02tvswt8qf86hazlxpf8ur 1590280 1590227 2026-08-22T09:35:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gianluca Vialli''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [dʒanˈluːka viˈalli, - ˈvjalli]; [[9 Julai]] [[1964]] – [[5 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji na [[kocha]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa [[Italia]] aliyecheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Vialli alianza taaluma yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya kwao, Cremonese, mwaka 1980, ambako alicheza mechi 105 za ligi na kufunga mabao 23. Uchezaji wake uliivutia Sampdoria, iliyomsajili mwaka 1984. Akiwa Sampdoria, alifunga mabao 85 ya ligi na kushinda mataji matatu ya Coppa Italia, Serie A, pamoja na Kombe la Washindi wa [[Kombe]] la Ulaya (European Cup Winners' Cup). == Maisha binafsi na kifo == Vialli alizaliwa katika [[familia]] tajiri. Baba yake alikuwa milionea aliyejijenga mwenyewe; mara nyingi iliripotiwa kwamba baba yake alikuwa bilionea, lakini taarifa hiyo ilikanushwa na mama yake. Alifunga ndoa na Cathryn White Cooper tarehe 26 Agosti 2003, na walipata watoto wawili wa kike, Olivia na Sofia. Vialli alikuwa mpenda mchezo wa gofu na aliwahi kushiriki katika mashindano ya Dunhill Links Championship, katika kipengele cha wachezaji mahiri na wataalamu. Aliendelea kuishi katika [[eneo]] la SW6 jijini [[London]] hata miaka 20 baada ya kuondoka katika klabu ya [[Chelsea]].<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15049/Gianluca_Vialli.html</ref><ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Vialli_Gianluca</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] 8gzxadka3jblrak66crq66uirg2q30w 0 246404 1590228 2026-08-22T08:54:03Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walter Zenga''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ˈvalter ˈdzeŋɡa, - ˈdzɛŋ-]; alizaliwa [[28 Aprili]] [[1960]]) ni [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] na mchezaji wa zamani. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa makipa bora zaidi wa kizazi chake, na pia mmoja wa makipa bora zaidi kuwahi kutokea nchini Italia. Zenga alikuwa kipa wa muda mrefu wa [[Inter Milan]] pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. == Maisha ya Klabu == Zenga alijiunga na Inter Milan mwaka 1982, baada ya kuanza taaluma yake ya kulipwa mwaka 1978 katika madaraja ya chini ya soka la Italia. Klabu yake ya kwanza ilikuwa Salernitana, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie C1. Pia aliwahi kuchezea Savona na Sambenedettese. Mwanzoni, katika msimu wa 1982–83, Zenga alikuwa [[kipa]] wa akiba wa Ivano Bordon, ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa makipa bora wa Italia katika kipindi hicho. Bordon alikuwa pia kipa wa akiba wa Dino Zoff katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA 1982.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142637/https://www.inter.it/it/news/86203/hall-of-fame-ecco-i-4-vincitori-della-prima-edizione</ref><ref>https://www.corriere.it/sport/21_gennaio_05/zenga-guerra-andrea-papa-non-c-mai-stato-walter-parla-me-solo-se-sarai-esempio-6aee8ea6-4f67-11eb-9394-990bd512afa6.shtml</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5hooyqq6vhlm63bo3z2plzz0nkvaxkp 0 246405 1590240 2026-08-22T09:01:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alberto Gilardino''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [alˈbɛrto dʒilarˈdiːno]; alizaliwa [[5 Julai]] [[1982]]) ni [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] na mchezaji wa zamani ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Hivi karibuni alikuwa kocha mkuu wa klabu ya Pisa iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie B. Gilardino alikuwa mfungaji mahiri wa mabao. Mwanzoni mwa taaluma yake, alifananishwa na Filippo Inzaghi kutokana na uwezo wake wa kutumia nafasi, uelewa mzuri wa mahali pa kusimama [[uwanjani]], pamoja na uwezo mkubwa wa kufunga mabao. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Maisha ya awali na Piacenza === Gilardino alizaliwa na kukulia Cossato, katika [[mkoa]] wa Biella. Alianza kucheza [[soka]] katika klabu ya Cossatese, ambako alicheza hadi kufikia kundi la vijana la chini ya miaka 15. Baada ya kutumia mwaka mwingine katika akademi ya vijana ya ASD Junior Biellese Libertas, chini ya [[uongozi]] wa Luca Prina, Gilardino alijiunga na Piacenza. Kocha Luigi Simoni alimpa nafasi ya kucheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika Serie A akiwa na umri wa miaka 17, tarehe 6 Januari 2000, dhidi ya [[AC Milan]]. Msimu huo uliishia kwa Piacenza kushushwa daraja hadi Serie B, lakini Gilardino aliweza kuonyesha uwezo wake licha ya umri mdogo. Alifunga mabao 3 katika mechi 17 alizocheza.<ref>https://www.coni.it/it/italia-team/olimpiadi/scheda_atleta/medagliato/213:.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090917182822/http://www.figc.it/nazionali/DettaglioConvocato?codiceConvocato=1961</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110820124153/http://it.violachannel.tv/dettaglio-team/items/player_8516.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 33grbu05fkv9ua1yt5171e2aqm882dg 0 246406 1590250 2026-08-22T09:07:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filippo “Pippo” Inzaghi''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [fiˈlippo ˈpippo inˈdzaːɡi]; alizaliwa [[9 Agosti]] [[1973]]) ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] na mchezaji wa zamani ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa Palermo, inayoshiriki Serie B. Mashabiki na wachambuzi walimpa majina ya utani “Superpippo” (“Super Goof”) au “Alta tensione” (“Msisimko mkubwa”) wakati wa uchezaji wake. Inzaghi anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa washambuliaji bora wa kizazi chake, hasa kutokana na uwezo wake wa kujipanga vizuri ndani ya [[eneo]] la hatari, kutumia nafasi na kufunga mabao. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Mwanzo wa taaluma === Wachezaji waliokuwa wapenzi wa Inzaghi alipokuwa mtoto ni Paolo Rossi na Marco van Basten. Inzaghi ni kaka mkubwa wa mchezaji mwenzake wa zamani, Simone Inzaghi. Alianza kucheza [[soka]] akiwa kijana katika [[klabu]] ya kwao ya Piacenza mwaka 1991. Hata hivyo, alicheza mechi mbili tu za ligi kabla ya kutumwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Leffe, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie C1. Akiwa Leffe, Inzaghi alifanya vizuri sana, akifunga mabao 13 katika mechi 21. Mwaka 1993, alihamia klabu ya Hellas Verona iliyokuwa ikishiriki Serie B, ambako alifunga mabao 13 katika mechi 36 za ligi.<ref>https://www.acmilan.com/en/club/legends/players/inzaghi</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906035822/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=155969/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} b5molgu6kzaxkp22u8mv65g83ckew5q 2 246407 1590259 2026-08-22T09:15:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'jucx Daniex is a Ugandan Rnb and dance hall artist. Born on 3 April 2003. School attended seguku primary school and Global Harvest secondary school. He began writing and recording Rnb music right after s.5 first song: Released his debut track party party in 2016 and crush, baby onyirira and kasima in 2026 Artist Background and MusicBorn into a humble family, he overcame early life challenges to pursue his passion for music.His popular tracks include "Kasim...' 1590259 wikitext text/x-wiki jucx Daniex is a Ugandan Rnb and dance hall artist. Born on 3 April 2003. School attended seguku primary school and Global Harvest secondary school. He began writing and recording Rnb music right after s.5 first song: Released his debut track party party in 2016 and crush, baby onyirira and kasima in 2026 Artist Background and MusicBorn into a humble family, he overcame early life challenges to pursue his passion for music.His popular tracks include "Kasima," "Crush," "Be with you," "Fear," "But one," and "Wansula Mu Love". His emotional song "Crush" gained attention for its deep, personal storytelling themes. He has made media appearances and promotional rounds on regional television and radio stations like Galaxy TV, Bukedde TV, and Magic FM. You can listen to his catalog on platforms like Howwe Music and SoundCloud.Watch this short review and reaction to get a sense of the emotion in Jucx Daniex's music. k1ogzp0037uiqawc0j82iv41bmse0vg 0 246408 1590260 2026-08-22T09:15:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christian Panucci''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ˈkristjam paˈnuttʃi]; alizaliwa [[12 Aprili]] [[1973]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] na kocha. Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake alicheza kama beki. Akiwa mchezaji mwenye uwezo wa kucheza nafasi mbalimbali, alianza taaluma yake kama beki wa kulia, lakini pia alikuwa na uwezo wa kucheza upande wa kushoto; baada ya kupoteza kasi yake katika miaka ya baadaye ya uchezaji, kwa kawaida alitumika kama [[beki wa kati]], kutokana na uwezo wake mkubwa wa kucheza mipira ya juu. == Heshima na Mafanikio == === Klabu === AC Milan * Serie A: 1993–94, 1995–96 * UEFA Champions League: 1993–94 * UEFA Super Cup: 1994 Real Madrid * La Liga: 1996–97 * Supercopa de España: 1997 * UEFA Champions League: 1997–98 * Intercontinental Cup: 1998 Roma * Coppa Italia: 2006–07, 2007–08 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2007<ref>https://www.magliarossonera.it/protagonisti/Gioc-Panucci.html</ref><ref>https://football-italia.net/panucci-missed-world-cup-over-lippi-row/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} qjdy9o2uv7st9oo92mto9qkdcmvnoiy 0 246409 1590263 2026-08-22T09:18:33Z PACKIMS 91842 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox Shirika|jina=Espace culturel Ngoma|picha=|ukubwa wa picha=|maelezo ya picha=|ramani=|mahali=Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|latitudo=0.5167|longitudo=25.1833|aina=Kituo cha utamaduni|hali ya kisheria=Shirika lisilo la kiserikali (ASBL)|tarehe ya kuanzishwa=[[2010]]|mwanzilishi=Wadau wa utamaduni wa eneo|makao makuu=[[Kisangani]], [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]]|nchi={{Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}}|watu muhimu=|fani=[[Mchezo wa kuigiza|Igizo]], ...' 1590263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Shirika|jina=Espace culturel Ngoma|picha=|ukubwa wa picha=|maelezo ya picha=|ramani=|mahali=Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|latitudo=0.5167|longitudo=25.1833|aina=Kituo cha utamaduni|hali ya kisheria=Shirika lisilo la kiserikali (ASBL)|tarehe ya kuanzishwa=[[2010]]|mwanzilishi=Wadau wa utamaduni wa eneo|makao makuu=[[Kisangani]], [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]]|nchi={{Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}}|watu muhimu=|fani=[[Mchezo wa kuigiza|Igizo]], [[mchezo wa kucheza|dansi]], [[muziki]], [[sanaa za uchoraji]]|tovuti=}} Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ni kituo cha utamaduni cha kujitegemea kilichopo [[Kisangani]], makao makuu ya [[mkoa wa Tshopo]] nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kikianzishwa ili kuziba pengo la ukosefu wa miundombinu ya kisanaa mkoani humo, kituo hiki kimetengwa kwa ajili ya ubunifu, mafunzo, onyesho la sanaa za jukwaani pamoja na kuendeleza wasanii wa eneo hilo. == Historia == Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ilianzishwa mapema miaka ya 2010 na muungano wa wasanii na waendelezaji wa utamaduni wa Kisangani<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|auteur=Jean-Pierre Mukendi|titre=Émergence des espaces culturels indépendants à Kisangani|périodique=Cahiers d'Études Africaines|date=2015|lire en ligne=}}</ref>. Neno « Ngoma » linamaanisha ngoma katika lugha nyingi za Kibantu, likiashiria mawasiliano, mikusanyiko na mdundo wa kijadi. Kituo hiki kilizaliwa katika muktadha wa ujenzi mpya wa kiutamaduni baada ya migogoro ya kivita iliyoathiri mji wa Kisangani mapema miaka ya 2000, kikilenga kuwapa vijana wa eneo hilo nafasi ya ubunifu na kujieleza kwa amani<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Célestin Kabeya|titre=La renaissance artistique post-conflit en RDC|éditeur=Éditions L'Harmattan|année=2018|pages=112-115}}</ref>. == Shughuli na majukumu == Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma huendesha shughuli zake katika nguzo kuu tatu: mafunzo, ubunifu na uonyeshaji. === Fani za kisanaa === Kituo hiki kinapokea wasanii kutoka fani mbalimbali: * '''[[Mchezo wa kuigiza|Igizo]] :''' Mafunzo ya uandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, mazoezi na maonyesho ya igizo. * '''[[Dansi]] ya kisasa na ya kijadi :''' Mafunzo ya uundaji wa choreografia. * '''[[Muziki]] :''' Onsho la muziki, urekodi na usaidizi kwa vipaji vichanga vya muziki. * '''[[Sanaa za kuona]] :''' Maonyesho ya sanaa za uchoraji na mafunzo ya uchoraji. === Mafunzo na makazi ya kisanaa === Kituo huandaa mara kwa mara mafunzo ya kuongeza uwezo wa kisanaa na kiufundi (ufundi wa taa, sauti, usimamizi wa miradi ya kiutamaduni). Pia hutumika kama sehemu ya makazi ya ubunifu kwa vikundi vya wasanii wa eneo hilo na vya kikanda<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|titre=Soutien à la création émergente dans la Tshopo|périodique=Le Potentiel|date=12 mai 2021}}</ref>. === Matukio na tamasha === Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma huandaa au kushiriki katika uandaaji wa matukio kadhaa ya kiutamaduni ya mara kwa mara katika mji wa Kisangani, ikiwa ni pamoja na tamasha za igizo za vyuo vikuu na mikutano ya utamaduni mbalimbali. == Miundombinu na uendeshaji == Iliyo katikati ya mji wa Kisangani, Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ina vifaa mbalimbali: * Jukwaa la matumizi mengi kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya igizo, dansi na tamasha za muziki; * Chumba cha mafunzo na mazoezi; * Eneo la maonyesho linaloweza kubadilishwa; * Eneo la mapokezi na mikutano kwa ajili ya wasanii na watazamaji. Kituo hiki kinasimamiwa chini ya hali ya [[Shirika lisilo la kiserikali|shirika lisilolenga faida]] (ASBL) na kamati ya usimamizi inayoundwa na wadau wa utamaduni. == Athari za kiutamaduni na ushirikiano == Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ni moja ya nguzo kuu za maisha ya kiutamaduni katika mkoa wa Tshopo. Inashirikiana mara kwa mara na taasisi zingine za eneo hilo, hasa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kisangani]] (UNIKIS) na [[Taasisi ya Ufaransa]] ya Kisangani, pamoja na mitandao ya kiutamaduni ya kitaifa na kimataifa kupitia ubadilishanaji wa kisanaa. == Kumbukumbu na marejeo == <references /> == Tazama pia == === Makala yanayohusiana === * [[Utamaduni wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Kisangani]] * [[Mkoa wa Tshopo]] igtimgw6eodug9h80ah2whu0vtbv74j 1590281 1590263 2026-08-22T09:37:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Shirika|jina=Espace culturel Ngoma|picha=|ukubwa wa picha=|maelezo ya picha=|ramani=|mahali=Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|latitudo=0.5167|longitudo=25.1833|aina=Kituo cha utamaduni|hali ya kisheria=Shirika lisilo la kiserikali (ASBL)|tarehe ya kuanzishwa=[[2010]]|mwanzilishi=Wadau wa utamaduni wa eneo|makao makuu=[[Kisangani]], [[Mkoa wa Tshopo|Tshopo]]|nchi={{Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}}|watu muhimu=|fani=[[Mchezo wa kuigiza|Igizo]], [[mchezo wa kucheza|dansi]], [[muziki]], [[sanaa za uchoraji]]|tovuti=}} '''Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma''' ni kituo cha utamaduni cha kujitegemea kilichopo [[Kisangani]], makao makuu ya [[mkoa wa Tshopo]] nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kikianzishwa ili kuziba pengo la ukosefu wa miundombinu ya kisanaa mkoani humo, kituo hiki kimetengwa kwa ajili ya ubunifu, mafunzo, onyesho la sanaa za jukwaani pamoja na kuendeleza wasanii wa eneo hilo. == Historia == Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ilianzishwa mapema miaka ya 2010 na muungano wa wasanii na waendelezaji wa utamaduni wa Kisangani<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|auteur=Jean-Pierre Mukendi|titre=Émergence des espaces culturels indépendants à Kisangani|périodique=Cahiers d'Études Africaines|date=2015|lire en ligne=}}</ref>. Neno « Ngoma » linamaanisha ngoma katika lugha nyingi za Kibantu, likiashiria mawasiliano, mikusanyiko na mdundo wa kijadi. Kituo hiki kilizaliwa katika muktadha wa ujenzi mpya wa kiutamaduni baada ya migogoro ya kivita iliyoathiri mji wa Kisangani mapema miaka ya 2000, kikilenga kuwapa vijana wa eneo hilo nafasi ya ubunifu na kujieleza kwa amani<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Célestin Kabeya|titre=La renaissance artistique post-conflit en RDC|éditeur=Éditions L'Harmattan|année=2018|pages=112-115}}</ref>. == Shughuli na majukumu == Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma huendesha shughuli zake katika nguzo kuu tatu: mafunzo, ubunifu na uonyeshaji. === Fani za sanaa === Kituo hiki kinapokea wasanii kutoka fani mbalimbali: * '''[[Mchezo wa kuigiza|Igizo]] :''' Mafunzo ya uandishi wa michezo ya kuigiza, mazoezi na maonyesho ya igizo. * '''[[Dansi]] ya kisasa na ya kijadi :''' Mafunzo ya uundaji wa choreografia. * '''[[Muziki]] :''' Onsho la muziki, urekodi na usaidizi kwa vipaji vichanga vya muziki. * '''[[Sanaa za kuona]] :''' Maonyesho ya sanaa za uchoraji na mafunzo ya uchoraji. === Mafunzo na makazi ya kisanaa === Kituo huandaa mara kwa mara mafunzo ya kuongeza uwezo wa kisanaa na kiufundi (ufundi wa taa, sauti, usimamizi wa miradi ya kiutamaduni). Pia hutumika kama sehemu ya makazi ya ubunifu kwa vikundi vya wasanii wa eneo hilo na vya kikanda<ref>{{Article|langue=fr|titre=Soutien à la création émergente dans la Tshopo|périodique=Le Potentiel|date=12 mai 2021}}</ref>. === Matukio na tamasha === Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma huandaa au kushiriki katika uandaaji wa matukio kadhaa ya kiutamaduni ya mara kwa mara katika mji wa Kisangani, ikiwa ni pamoja na tamasha za igizo za vyuo vikuu na mikutano ya utamaduni mbalimbali. == Miundombinu na uendeshaji == Iliyo katikati ya mji wa Kisangani, Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ina vifaa mbalimbali: * Jukwaa la matumizi mengi kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya igizo, dansi na tamasha za muziki; * Chumba cha mafunzo na mazoezi; * Eneo la maonyesho linaloweza kubadilishwa; * Eneo la mapokezi na mikutano kwa ajili ya wasanii na watazamaji. Kituo hiki kinasimamiwa chini ya hali ya [[Shirika lisilo la kiserikali|shirika lisilolenga faida]] (ASBL) na kamati ya usimamizi inayoundwa na wadau wa utamaduni. == Athari za kiutamaduni na ushirikiano == Kituo cha Utamaduni cha Ngoma ni moja ya nguzo kuu za maisha ya kiutamaduni katika mkoa wa Tshopo. Inashirikiana mara kwa mara na taasisi zingine za eneo hilo, hasa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kisangani]] (UNIKIS) na [[Taasisi ya Ufaransa]] ya Kisangani, pamoja na mitandao ya kiutamaduni ya kitaifa na kimataifa kupitia ubadilishanaji wa kisanaa. == Marejeo == <references /> == Tazama pia == * [[Utamaduni wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Kisangani]] * [[Mkoa wa Tshopo]] [[Jamii:Kisangani]] 4ovd9v60g8sz56wlswhdeegs3af9kiy 0 246410 1590271 2026-08-22T09:24:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Benetti Amsterdam 1974.jpg|thumb|Benetti Amsterdam 1974]] '''Romeo Benetti''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [roˈmɛːo beˈnetti]; alizaliwa [[20 Oktoba]] [[1945]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo mkabaji. Akiwa [[mchezaji]] mwenye bidii kubwa na mwenye kutisha wapinzani, Benetti alichezea klabu kadhaa za Italia katika kipindi cha taaluma yake, akishinda mataji akiwa na [[AC Milan]], [[Juventus]] na AS Roma. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, aliwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia mara 55 kati ya mwaka 1971 na 1980, na alishiriki katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 1974 na 1978, pamoja na UEFA Euro 1980, ambapo Italia ilimaliza katika nafasi ya nne kwenye mashindano mawili ya mwisho. == Maisha ya Klabu == Baada ya kushinda [[taji]] la Serie B msimu wa 1967–68 akiwa na Palermo, Benetti alianza maisha yake katika Serie A mwaka 1968 akiwa na Juventus, ambapo alicheza [[mechi]] 24 na kufunga bao moja katika msimu wake wa kwanza na klabu hiyo. Hata hivyo, hakudumu kwa muda mrefu katika klabu hiyo, na alijiunga na Sampdoria kwa mkopo katika msimu uliofuata. == Heshima na Mafanikio == Juventus * Serie A: 1976–77, 1977–78 * UEFA Cup: 1976–77 * Coppa Italia: 1978–79 AC Milan * Coppa Italia: 1971–72, 1972–73 * [[UEFA]] Cup Winners' Cup: 1972–73 AS Roma * Coppa Italia: 1979–80, 1980–81 Palermo * Serie B: 1967–68 Italia * FIFA World Cup: 1978 (nafasi ya nne) * UEFA European Championship: 1980 (nafasi ya nne)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151012074133/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=174389/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe52641/romeo-benetti/</ref><ref>https://www.magliarossonera.it/protagonisti/Gioc-Benetti.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ta0ohy3420842eohia2p27maohxpw8l 0 246411 1590272 2026-08-22T09:25:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Filatov Andrey Vasilievich - President of the Russian Chess Federation.jpg|thumb|Filatov mnamo 2015]] '''Andrey Vasilievich Filatov''' (alizaliwa [[18 Desemba]] [[1971]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]]. Filatov ni mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya uwekezaji ya Tuloma, na mmiliki mwenza wa kampuni ya Globaltrans. Mwaka [[2021]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola milioni 850. Makampuni yake yana hisa katika s...' 1590272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Filatov Andrey Vasilievich - President of the Russian Chess Federation.jpg|thumb|Filatov mnamo 2015]] '''Andrey Vasilievich Filatov''' (alizaliwa [[18 Desemba]] [[1971]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]]. Filatov ni mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya uwekezaji ya Tuloma, na mmiliki mwenza wa kampuni ya Globaltrans. Mwaka [[2021]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola milioni 850. Makampuni yake yana hisa katika sekta ya nishati nchini [[Uzbekistan]] na Urusi. Filatov pia ni Rais wa Shirikisho la [[Sataranji]] la Urusi (kuanzia [[1992]] hadi [[2018]] - Shirikisho la Sataranji la Urusi).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-02-09 |title=Special Investigation: How Russia And Political Insiders Cash In On Uzbekistan's Lucrative Gas Sector |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-investigation-insiders-energy-projects/32262127.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d638lideq9ty6ib8a08284haeplvof9 0 246412 1590277 2026-08-22T09:31:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mauro Germán Camoranesi Serra''' (Ufficiale OMRI) (Kihispania: [ˈmawɾo xeɾˈmaŋ kamoɾaˈnesi ˈsera], Kitalia: [ˈmauro kamoraˈneːzi; -eːsi]; alizaliwa [[4 Oktoba]] [[1976]]) ni [[kocha]] wa mpira wa miguu mwenye asili ya [[Argentina]] na [[Italia]] na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kulia au winga wa kulia. Camoranesi alianza taaluma yake ya soka nchini Argentina mwaka 1995. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Mwanzo wa taaluma === Camoranesi alizaliwa Tandil, na alipokuwa akikua alikuwa shabiki wa River Plate. Alianza [[maisha]] yake ya soka katika klabu ya Aldosivi, iliyokuwa umbali wa maili 100 kutoka mji wake wa kuzaliwa. Alihamia [[Mexico]] ili kuanza taaluma yake ya uchezaji wa kulipwa katika klabu ya Santos Laguna msimu wa 1995–96, ambapo alifunga bao moja katika [[mechi]] 13 alizoichezea timu hiyo. Mashabiki wa Santos Laguna walimpa jina la utani “El Cholo.”<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3393/Mauro_Camoranesi.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120906193208/http://www.futbolxxi.com/Futbolista.aspx?ID=14470&SEOFutbolista=Camoranesi+Mauro+German</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} rrdtaeb27sphn6oeb541kn0riwb06vj 0 246413 1590282 2026-08-22T09:40:12Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:20150616 - Portugal - Italie - Genève - Antonio Candreva.jpg|thumb|'''Antonio Candreva''']] '''Antonio Candreva''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [anˈtɔːnjo kanˈdrɛːva]; alizaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kulia au winga wa kulia. Candreva alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji wa kulipwa katika klabu ya Ternana [[mwaka]] 2004, ambako alibaki hadi mwaka 2007. Baadaye alihamia Udinese, ambako alibaki hadi mwaka 2012. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Ternana === Candreva alianza kucheza katika [[timu]] za vijana za klabu ya kwao Lodigiani, kisha akahamia katika timu ya Serie C1 Ternana mwaka 2003, na kucheza [[mechi]] kadhaa katika timu ya kwanza walipopandishwa daraja hadi Serie B kwa msimu wa 2004–05. Baada ya Ternana kushushwa tena hadi Serie C1 msimu uliofuata, akawa mchezaji wa kudumu katika kikosi hicho na kuvutia interest ya klabu kadhaa za Serie A.<ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/104478/antonio-candreva</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/34586/Antonio_Candreva.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} etiq4h92wpbzyiq3rge86ocqnlovu7m 0 246414 1590284 2026-08-22T09:46:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando De Napoli''' (Cavaliere OMRI) (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ferˈnando de ˈnaːpoli]; alizaliwa [[15 Machi]] [[1964]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]], ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati au winga katika miaka ya 1980 na 1990. Anajulikana zaidi katika soka la klabu kwa kuwa mchezaji wa kudumu katika kikosi cha [[Napoli]] kilichoshinda mataji makubwa 4 katika misimu 4 kati ya mwaka 1986 na 1990. Baadaye alijiunga na Milan, ambayo ilishinda mataji mengi katika misimu yake miwili akiwa klabuni hapo, ingawa alicheza chini ya mechi 10 za ligi akiwa [[Milan]]. == Maisha ya Klabu == De Napoli alianza taaluma yake ya [[soka]] katika klabu ya Rimini Calcio ya Serie C, chini ya kocha Arrigo Sacchi. Alitumia [[mwaka]] mmoja katika klabu hiyo kabla ya kuhamia katika klabu ya Serie A, Avellino, wakati wa majira ya joto ya mwaka 1983, ambako alikaa kwa miaka mitatu. Mwaka 1986, alihamia klabu jirani ya S.S.C. Napoli, iliyokuwa katika eneo la Campania.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/14955/Fernando_De_Napoli.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe45921/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} oa4mxteqgj3x1o53ydk2k9xqmqalb0v 3 246415 1590285 2026-08-22T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590285 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) jjgeg86wd3arkpnytpvc4inbh3fe1e8 3 246416 1590286 2026-08-22T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590286 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) jjgeg86wd3arkpnytpvc4inbh3fe1e8 3 246417 1590287 2026-08-22T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590287 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) jjgeg86wd3arkpnytpvc4inbh3fe1e8 3 246418 1590288 2026-08-22T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590288 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) jjgeg86wd3arkpnytpvc4inbh3fe1e8 3 246419 1590289 2026-08-22T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590289 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) jjgeg86wd3arkpnytpvc4inbh3fe1e8 3 246420 1590290 2026-08-22T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590290 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) oqa71d4ag8zl2o67vbgp8ipjvs4tndb 3 246421 1590291 2026-08-22T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590291 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) oqa71d4ag8zl2o67vbgp8ipjvs4tndb 3 246422 1590292 2026-08-22T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590292 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) oqa71d4ag8zl2o67vbgp8ipjvs4tndb 3 246423 1590293 2026-08-22T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590293 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) oqa71d4ag8zl2o67vbgp8ipjvs4tndb 14 246424 1590294 2026-08-22T09:49:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Austria|B]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|A]]' 1590294 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Austria|B]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|A]] o4j5tpodf7atzt07loqdg4bbqqizu9z 3 246425 1590295 2026-08-22T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590295 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) oqa71d4ag8zl2o67vbgp8ipjvs4tndb 3 246426 1590296 2026-08-22T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590296 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) oqa71d4ag8zl2o67vbgp8ipjvs4tndb 3 246427 1590297 2026-08-22T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590297 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) sxc31ubp5bzlhr88ve252chi9orl0e9 3 246428 1590298 2026-08-22T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590298 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) sxc31ubp5bzlhr88ve252chi9orl0e9 14 246429 1590299 2026-08-22T09:50:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Venezuela|B]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|V]]' 1590299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Venezuela|B]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|V]] nft11ml08qwbcz7y86kkxtozwqyw3gz 3 246430 1590300 2026-08-22T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590300 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) sxc31ubp5bzlhr88ve252chi9orl0e9 3 246431 1590301 2026-08-22T09:50:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590301 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) sxc31ubp5bzlhr88ve252chi9orl0e9 3 246432 1590302 2026-08-22T09:50:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590302 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) sxc31ubp5bzlhr88ve252chi9orl0e9 3 246433 1590303 2026-08-22T09:50:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590303 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) sxc31ubp5bzlhr88ve252chi9orl0e9 3 246434 1590304 2026-08-22T09:51:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590304 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) cmf5vapnnpj2tk8cuda7fewgevgr9ki 3 246435 1590305 2026-08-22T09:51:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1590305 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 22 Agosti 2026 (UTC) cmf5vapnnpj2tk8cuda7fewgevgr9ki 14 246436 1590306 2026-08-22T09:51:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Ugiriki|B]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1590306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ugiriki|B]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] ovc50yiktz5d7t9t36mutid4w45wo3k 0 246437 1590308 2026-08-22T09:53:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Norway Italy - June 2025 A 20 - Giovanni Di Lorenzo.jpg|thumb|Giovanni Di Lorenzo]] '''Giovanni Di Lorenzo''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]] ambaye anacheza kama beki wa kulia katika klabu ya Serie A, Napoli, ambayo pia ni [[nahodha]] wake, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi yake akiwa Reggina na mkopo kwenda Cuneo === Di Lorenzo alianza safari yake ya [[soka]] katika mfumo wa [[timu]] za vijana wa Reggina mwaka 2009. Tarehe 29 Mei 2011, alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa katika timu ya wakubwa kwenye mchezo wa Serie B dhidi ya Sassuolo. Katika msimu wa 2012–13, alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Cuneo, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Lega Pro Prima Divisione, ambapo alicheza mechi 27 na kuvutia umakini kutokana na kiwango chake kizuri na uwezo ulioonekana kuahidi.<ref>https://europacalcio.it/giovanni-di-lorenzo-primo-acquisto-del-napoli-10-milioni-allempoli-208257/</ref><ref>https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/calciomercato/2017/08/30-29984620/calciomercato_empoli_preso_il_difensore_di_lorenzo_a_titolo_definitivo</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} omz7lzgr6qz9beq6xqlqy3chgm5zo6q 14 246438 1590312 2026-08-22T09:58:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Lebanoni|B]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|L]]' 1590312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Lebanoni|B]] [[Jamii:wafanyabiashara nchi kwa nchi|L]] olkxzeupcgsnhkx5r0i4i94wxp2cb50 0 246439 1590313 2026-08-22T09:59:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virginio “Viri” Rosetta''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [virˈdʒiːnjo roˈzetta]; [[25 Februari]] [[1902]] – [[29 Machi]] [[1975]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa [[Italia]] ambaye alicheza kama beki. Alikuwa mchezaji mwenye bidii, anayejulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kupanga mchezo, kusoma mchezo na kutabiri hatua za wachezaji wengine. Pia alikuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kupiga pasi kwa usahihi, na alikuwa beki wa pembeni mwenye ustadi na uchezaji wa kifahari. Alikuwa na shuti kali na aliweza kuanzisha mashambulizi kutoka kwenye safu ya ulinzi. == Maisha ya Klabu == Rosetta alizaliwa katika jiji la Vercelli, eneo la Piedmont, ambako alianza kucheza katika klabu ya Pro Vercelli kwenye First Division ya Italia (iliyokuwa mtangulizi wa Serie A) katika msimu wa 1919–20, akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Baadaye alibadilisha nafasi na kuwa beki mwenye ufanisi mkubwa. Wakati huo, Pro Vercelli ilikuwa mojawapo ya [[timu]] kubwa za soka nchini Italia, na Rosetta alishinda [[mataji]] mawili ya Scudetto mwaka 1921 na 1922. Alianza kuichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 1920, ambapo aliunda safu nzuri ya ulinzi pamoja na Renzo De Vecchi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011832/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/virginio-rosetta-1.html</ref><ref>https://ilpalloneracconta.blogspot.com/2008/02/virginio-rosetta.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1975]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} e8s4bzgraqhb0jpd07o1xrfwqjitcok 1590314 1590313 2026-08-22T10:01:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virginio “Viri” Rosetta''' (matamshi ya [[Kiitalia]]: [virˈdʒiːnjo roˈzetta]; [[25 Februari]] [[1902]] – [[29 Machi]] [[1975]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa [[Italia]] ambaye alicheza kama [[beki]]. Alikuwa mchezaji mwenye bidii, anayejulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kupanga mchezo, kusoma mchezo na kutabiri hatua za wachezaji wengine. Pia alikuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kupiga pasi kwa usahihi, na alikuwa beki wa pembeni mwenye ustadi na uchezaji wa kifahari. Alikuwa na shuti kali na aliweza kuanzisha mashambulizi kutoka kwenye safu ya ulinzi. == Maisha ya Klabu == Rosetta alizaliwa katika jiji la Vercelli, eneo la Piedmont, ambako alianza kucheza katika klabu ya Pro Vercelli kwenye First Division ya Italia (iliyokuwa mtangulizi wa Serie A) katika msimu wa 1919–20, akicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Baadaye alibadilisha nafasi na kuwa beki mwenye ufanisi mkubwa. Wakati huo, Pro Vercelli ilikuwa mojawapo ya [[timu]] kubwa za soka nchini Italia, na Rosetta alishinda [[mataji]] mawili ya Scudetto mwaka 1921 na 1922. Alianza kuichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 1920, ambapo aliunda safu nzuri ya ulinzi pamoja na Renzo De Vecchi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011832/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ro/virginio-rosetta-1.html</ref><ref>https://ilpalloneracconta.blogspot.com/2008/02/virginio-rosetta.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1902]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1975]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] suayox4h1air96ivifjevkgvfu2ykoo 0 246440 1590315 2026-08-22T10:05:22Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Gleb Fetisov.jpg|thumb|Gleb Fetisov]] '''Gleb Fetisov''' (alizaliwa [[5 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mwekezaji, mtayarishaji wa filamu, na mhisani. Amewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Shirikisho la Mkoa wa [[Voronezh]] (2001—2009) na mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Green Alliance (2012—2015). Hana tena uraia wa [[Urusi]], bali ni raia wa [[Kupro]], ambako anaishi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#616 Gleb Fetisov - Forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/...' 1590315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Gleb Fetisov.jpg|thumb|Gleb Fetisov]] '''Gleb Fetisov''' (alizaliwa [[5 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mwekezaji, mtayarishaji wa filamu, na mhisani. Amewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Shirikisho la Mkoa wa [[Voronezh]] (2001—2009) na mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Green Alliance (2012—2015). Hana tena uraia wa [[Urusi]], bali ni raia wa [[Kupro]], ambako anaishi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#616 Gleb Fetisov - Forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Gleb-Fetisov_LFCK.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.forbes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Medetsky|first=Anatoly|date=2014-01-28|title=Billionaire Quits Business to Better Fight Kremlin|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/01/28/billionaire-quits-business-to-better-fight-kremlin-a31534|access-date=2020-07-11|website=The Moscow Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Litan|first1=Robert E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7WH6VKfH2YC&q=Gleb+Fetisov+PhD&pg=PA325|title=Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services: 2001|last2=Herring|first2=Richard J.|date=2010-12-01|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0687-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6085160/bio|access-date=2023-04-06|website=imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Moscow International Film Festival|url=http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff41/eng/news/?id=642|access-date=2020-07-11|website=moscowfilmfestival.ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kupro]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kupro]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6era1zpbivrc649lwzhw9on4mmmsfux 1590317 1590315 2026-08-22T10:09:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1590317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Gleb Fetisov.jpg|thumb|Gleb Fetisov]] '''Gleb Fetisov''' (alizaliwa [[5 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mwekezaji, mtayarishaji wa filamu, na mhisani. Amewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Shirikisho la Mkoa wa [[Voronezh]] (2001—2009) na mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Green Alliance (2012—2015). Hana tena uraia wa [[Urusi]], bali ni raia wa [[Kupro]], ambako anaishi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=#616 Gleb Fetisov - Forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Gleb-Fetisov_LFCK.html|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.forbes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Medetsky|first=Anatoly|date=2014-01-28|title=Billionaire Quits Business to Better Fight Kremlin|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/01/28/billionaire-quits-business-to-better-fight-kremlin-a31534|access-date=2020-07-11|website=The Moscow Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Litan|first1=Robert E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7WH6VKfH2YC&q=Gleb+Fetisov+PhD&pg=PA325|title=Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services: 2001|last2=Herring|first2=Richard J.|date=2010-12-01|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-0687-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IMDB|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6085160/bio|access-date=2023-04-06|website=imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Moscow International Film Festival|url=http://moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff41/eng/news/?id=642|access-date=2020-07-11|website=moscowfilmfestival.ru}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kupro]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kupro]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a6jlza3kj8fzz44fotkpdkl43733jd4 0 246441 1590316 2026-08-22T10:06:39Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Federico Chiesa''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [fedeˈriːko ˈkjɛːza; ˈkjeːza]; alizaliwa [[25 Oktoba]] [[1997]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kitaalamu wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa [[Italia]] ambaye anacheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] na winga katika klabu ya Premier League, [[Liverpool]], pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia. Ni mtoto wa aliyekuwa mchezaji wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa Enrico Chiesa. Chiesa alilelewa katika akademi ya vijana ya Fiorentina, na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya wakubwa mwaka 2016. == Maisha ya Klabu == Chiesa alianza [[maisha]] yake ya soka katika timu za vijana za Settignanese, kutoka Settignano, [[eneo]] lililoko kaskazini-mashariki mwa Florence. Wakati huo alifundishwa na aliyekuwa mchezaji wa zamani wa Fiorentina, Kurt Hamrin. == Mafanikio == === Juventus === * Coppa Italia: 2020–21, 2023–24 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2020 === Liverpool === * Premier League: 2024–25 === Italia === * UEFA European Championship: 2020 * UEFA Nations League: nafasi ya tatu, 2020–21 na 2022–23 <ref>https://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/mens/player/federico-chiesa</ref><ref>https://www.premierleague.com/en/players/223541/federico-chiesa/overview</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} tprnht3d17gbjfdyb1kxiayl3mncp61 0 246442 1590318 2026-08-22T10:09:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Spartak-Zrvena (1).jpg|thumb|Fedun mnamo 2014]] '''Leonid Arnoldovich Fedun''' (alizaliwa [[5 Aprili]] [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]] mzaliwa wa [[Ukraini]] anayejulikana kwa kuanzisha pamoja kampuni ya mafuta ya Urusi Lukoil. Hadi alipostaafu mwaka [[2022]], Fedun alikuwa makamu wa rais wa Lukoil. Hapo awali alihudumu kama rais wa FC Spartak Moscow kabla ya kuuza asilimia 100 ya hisa zake kwa Lukoil<ref name=":0">{{Cite...' 1590318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Spartak-Zrvena (1).jpg|thumb|Fedun mnamo 2014]] '''Leonid Arnoldovich Fedun''' (alizaliwa [[5 Aprili]] [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]] mzaliwa wa [[Ukraini]] anayejulikana kwa kuanzisha pamoja kampuni ya mafuta ya Urusi Lukoil. Hadi alipostaafu mwaka [[2022]], Fedun alikuwa makamu wa rais wa Lukoil. Hapo awali alihudumu kama rais wa FC Spartak Moscow kabla ya kuuza asilimia 100 ya hisa zake kwa Lukoil<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-06-27 |title=Co-founder of Russian oil company Lukoil steps down |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/co-founder-russian-oil-company-lukoil-steps-down-2022-06-27/ |access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref>. Kabla ya kuingia sekta ya kibinafsi, alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi. Anachukuliwa kuwa mshirika wa karibu wa [[Vagit Alekperov]], ambaye alianzisha pamoja Lukoil. Mnamo [[Februari 18]], 2022, Fedun alikadiriwa kuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 8.5, kiwango ambacho kilipungua hadi dola bilioni 1.7 kufikia [[Machi 28]], 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Daniel |title=The 25 richest Russian oligarchs on the 'Putin list' that the US just released |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/richest-russian-oligarchs-putin-list-2018-1 |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |quote="Fedun is the "right hand man" of Vagit Alekperov, the CEO of oil and gas company Lukoil."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wahid |first1=Raeedah |last2=Rojanasakul |first2=Mira |last3=Halftermeyer |first3=Marion |last4=McIntyre |first4=Alex |date=2022-03-30 |title=Half of Russia's 20 Richest Billionaires Are Not Sanctioned |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-russian-billionaires-sanctioned-ukraine-war/ |access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ngzjofdfyn51602cf4k56v925oyycol 0 246443 1590320 2026-08-22T10:12:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fulvio Collovati''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ˈfulvjo kolloˈvaːti]; alizaliwa [[9 Mei]] [[1957]]) ni aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alicheza kama beki. Alicheza kama stopper, yaani beki wa kati aliyekuwa na jukumu la kumfuatilia na kumzuia moja kwa moja [[mshambuliaji]] wa timu pinzani. Pia aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia, na alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshinda [[Kombe la Dunia]] la FIFA mwaka 1982. Akiwa mchezaji, Collovati alichukuliwa kuwa miongoni mwa mabeki bora wa Italia katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980. == Maisha binafsi == Collovati ameoa Caterina Cimmino na wana watoto wawili wa kike. Anajitambulisha kuwa ni [[Mkatoliki]] wa Roma. == Mafanikio == === A.C. Milan === * Serie A: 1978–79 * Mitropa Cup: 1982 * Coppa Italia: 1976–77 * Serie B: 1980–81 === Italia === * Kombe la Dunia la FIFA: 1982 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/17210/Fulvio_Collovati.html</ref><ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/collovati_fulvio</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5hzpyq962vb1x3sbql3rsvyg0f87brw 0 246444 1590321 2026-08-22T10:15:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Alexander Skorobogatko.jpg|thumb]] '''Aleksandr Ivanovich Skorobogatko''' (alizaliwa [[15 Septemba]] [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]] na [[Ukraini]] na mwanachama wa zamani wa Duma ya Jimbo, akiwa amewakilisha Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Liberal cha Urusi ([[2003]]-[[2007]]) na United Russia (2007-[[2016]]). Hapo awali alihudumu kama Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Sheria za Kiraia, Jinai, Usuluhishi na Kiutaratibu. Kufikia ...' 1590321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Alexander Skorobogatko.jpg|thumb]] '''Aleksandr Ivanovich Skorobogatko''' (alizaliwa [[15 Septemba]] [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]] na [[Ukraini]] na mwanachama wa zamani wa Duma ya Jimbo, akiwa amewakilisha Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Liberal cha Urusi ([[2003]]-[[2007]]) na United Russia (2007-[[2016]]). Hapo awali alihudumu kama Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Sheria za Kiraia, Jinai, Usuluhishi na Kiutaratibu. Kufikia [[26 Julai]] [[2022]], utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.8<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2016/08/16/653182-tsik-raskril-dohodi-kandidatov-edinoi-rossii|title=ЦИК раскрыл доходы кандидатов от "Единой России"|last=Ведомости|date=16 August 2016|newspaper=Ведомости|accessdate=23 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alexander-skorobogatko/?list=rtb/#1ca729411bdd|title=Forbes profile: Alexander Skorobogatko|website=Forbes|accessdate=1 February 2021}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1b34qwmq14srw3nfnk40fi846rno7go 0 246445 1590322 2026-08-22T10:18:32Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ciro Ferrara''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ˈtʃiːro ferˈraːra]; alizaliwa [[11 Februari]] [[1967]]) ni aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] na kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Italia]]. Ferrara alitumia maisha yake ya uchezaji kama beki, akianza katika [[klabu]] ya Napoli kabla ya kuhamia [[Juventus]]. Katika kipindi cha uchezaji wake, alishinda jumla ya mataji saba ya Serie A, pamoja na mataji mengine ya ndani na ya kimataifa. == Maisha ya Kimataifa == Mnamo Juni 1987, Ferrara alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Italia katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Argentina]]. Mwaka 1988, alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Italia kilichoshiriki katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 1988. Italia ilifika hadi nusu [[fainali]] na hatimaye kumaliza katika nafasi ya nne. == Mafanikio == === Mchezaji === Napoli * Serie A: 1986–87, 1989–90 * Coppa Italia: 1986–87 * Supercoppa Italiana: 1990 * UEFA Cup: 1988–89 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180725063358/http://www.figc.it/nazionali/DettaglioConvocato?codiceConvocato=435&squadra=1</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906052742/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=253088/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} athltp4jqyophaotddjgxaqqx8jl2tt 0 246446 1590323 2026-08-22T10:18:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Andrey Skoch.jpg|thumb|Skoch mnamo 2018]] '''Andrei Vladimirovich Skoch''' (alizaliwa [[30 Januari]] [[1966]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]], mmiliki wa sehemu ya mtengenezaji wa chuma Lebedinsky Mining<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/encyclopedia/person/skoch-andrey-vladimirovich|title=Skoch Andrey Vladimirovich|publisher=[[TASS]] Encyclopedia|language=ru}}</ref>. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], Skoch ni mmoja wa watu tajiri zaidi nc...' 1590323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Andrey Skoch.jpg|thumb|Skoch mnamo 2018]] '''Andrei Vladimirovich Skoch''' (alizaliwa [[30 Januari]] [[1966]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]], mmiliki wa sehemu ya mtengenezaji wa chuma Lebedinsky Mining<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/encyclopedia/person/skoch-andrey-vladimirovich|title=Skoch Andrey Vladimirovich|publisher=[[TASS]] Encyclopedia|language=ru}}</ref>. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], Skoch ni mmoja wa watu tajiri zaidi nchini Urusi na aliorodheshwa katika Mabilionea wa Dunia mwaka [[2012]]. Skoch ni mwanachama wa Duma ya Jimbo la Urusi tangu [[1999]]<ref name=Bloomberg>{{cite news|title=Bloomberg Billionaire Index: Andrei Skoch|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/andrey-v-skoch/ |newspaper=Bloomberg.com|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref>. Alizaliwa tarehe 30 Januari 1966, katika kijiji cha Nikolskoye, mkoa wa [[Moscow]]. Alihudumu katika Jeshi la Kisovyeti mwaka [[1984]]. Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Utamaduni wa Kimwili na akaandika tasnifu yake huko. Mwaka [[1998]], alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Moscow cha Binadamu kilichopewa jina la M. A. Sholokhov (zamani Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundishaji cha Jimbo la Moscow (MSOPU)), Kitivo cha Saikolojia.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Andrei Skoch|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/andrei-skoch/|website=Forbes|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] babufkj0j52tctzhnqjaii7ncla3sfe 0 246447 1590324 2026-08-22T10:20:13Z PACKIMS 91842 Andika 1590324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Shirika|jina=Studio Kabako|picha=[[File:Festival of Lies 07A.jpg|Festival_of_Lies_07A]]|ukubwa wa picha=|maelezo ya picha=|ramani=|makao makuu=[[Kisangani]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]|latitudo=|longitudo=|aina=[[Shirika lisilo la kiserikali]] / Eneo la kiutamaduni|kuanzishwa=[[2001]]|waanzilishi=[[Faustin Linyekula]]|watu muhimu=Faustin Linyekula (mkurugenzi wa sanaa)|uwanja=[[Uchezaji wa sasa]], [[igizo]], [[muziki]], [[sinema]]|lugha=[[Kifaransa]]|tovuti=[http://www.kabako.org kabako.org]}} '''Studio Kabako''' ni muundo wa kiutamaduni na kisanaa wa taaluma mbalimbali ulioundwa mnamo [[2001]] huko [[Kinshasa]] na mchezaji na mchoreographer wa Kongo [[Faustin Linyekula]], kisha ukahamishiwa [[Kisangani]] mnamo [[2006]]. Ukijitolea kwa [[uchezaji wa sasa]], [[igizo]], [[muziki]] na [[sinema]], shirika hili linafanya kazi kama eneo la uumbaji, mafunzo, uzalishaji na uenezaji wa kisanaa. Pia linatekeleza miradi ya maendeleo ya kijamii na mijini nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Historia == Studio Kabako iliundwa mnamo [[2001]] huko Kinshasa na Faustin Linyekula, baada ya kurejea Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kufuatia miaka kadhaa ya mafunzo na uumbaji nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Kenya]]<ref name="LeMonde2006">{{Article|mwandishi=Rosita Boisseau|kichwa=Faustin Linyekula, le corps à corps avec la mémoire de Kisangani|jarida=[[Le Monde]]|tarehe=14 Julai 2006|soma mtandaoni=https://www.lemonde.fr}}</ref>. Mpango huo ulilenga kuziba pengo la ukosefu wa miundombinu ya kiutamaduni ya umma na kutoa mfumo wa kazi kwa wasanii wa eneo hilo katika nyanja za sanaa za onyesho. Mnamo [[2006]], muundo huo ulihamisha shughuli zake kuu kwenda [[Kisangani]], makao makuu ya mkoa wa [[Tshopo]] na mji aliozaliwa mwanzilishi wake, uliokuwa na athari za migogoro ya silaha iliyokumba eneo hilo mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000<ref name="RFI2012">{{Lien web|mwandishi=Siegfried Forster|kichwa=Le Studio Kabako, une oasis culturelle à Kisangani|mhariri=[[Radio France Internationale]]|tarehe=22 Novemba 2012|url=http://www.rfi.fr}}</ref>. Katika miaka iliyofuata, shirika liliendeleza mtandao wa ubadilishanaji wa kisanaa wa bara na kimataifa, likishiriki katika uenezaji wa kazi za kisanaa za Kongo wakati wa tamasha kuu kama vile [[Festival d'Avignon]] au [[Théâtre de la Ville]] huko Paris<ref name="JeuneAfrique2015">{{Article|mwandishi=Séverine Kodjo-Grandvaux|kichwa=Théâtre : les combats de Faustin Linyekula|jarida=[[Jeune Afrique]]|tarehe=10 Mei 2015|soma mtandaoni=https://www.jeuneafrique.com}}</ref>. == Shughuli na malengo == === Miradi ya kijamii na mijini === Pamoja na shughuli zake za kisanaa, Studio Kabako inajihusisha katika hatua za mipango ya mijini na upatikanaji wa huduma za msingi huko Kisangani. Shirika limeendeleza hasa miradi ya upatikanaji wa maji safi, usafi wa mazingira na nishati ya jua katika mtaa wa Lubunga, likiwashirikisha wananchi wa eneo hilo katika tafakari kuhusu mazingira ya mijini<ref name="Libération2018">{{Article|mwandishi=Marie-Christine Vernay|kichwa=À Kisangani, la danse comme résistance et reconstruction|jarida=[[Libération (journal)|Libération]]|tarehe=18 Oktoba 2018|soma mtandaoni=https://www.liberation.fr}}</ref>. == Miundombinu == * Maeneo ya jaribio la kiutamaduni na kiraia yaliyopo katika manispaa ya Lubunga, kwenye ukingo wa kushoto wa [[Mto Kongo]]. == Kumbukumbu na marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * {{Site officiel|http://www.kabako.org}} {{Portail|danse|théâtre|République démocratique du Congo|culture}} bl6aiu92ytibb89yayf9jidpgtadwqe 0 246448 1590325 2026-08-22T10:25:33Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Christian Vieri (cropped).jpg|thumb|Christian Vieri ]] '''Christian “Bobo” Vieri''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ˈkristjaɱ ˈvjɛːri]; alizaliwa [[12 Julai]] [[1973]]) ni aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa Italia ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] wa kati. Alizaliwa nchini [[Italia]], lakini akiwa mtoto alihamia [[Australia]] pamoja na [[familia]] yake. Baadaye alirejea Italia akiwa kijana ili kuendeleza taaluma yake ya soka. Sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya uchezaji aliitumia akicheza katika Serie A, ligi kuu ya Italia. == Kuanza kwa maisha ya soka == Vieri alianza maisha yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya Marconi Stallions. Baada ya kurejea Italia mwaka 1988, klabu yake ya kwanza ilikuwa Santa Lucia, timu kutoka Prato. [[Kocha]] wake wa kwanza alikuwa Luciano Diamanti, ambaye ni baba wa mchezaji Alessandro Diamanti. Mwaka uliofuata, Vieri alijiunga na Prato na alifunga mabao kadhaa katika mashindano ya Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti, [[ligi]] ya vijana nchini Italia.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150905163842/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=155979/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Vieri_Christian</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rdgh2mg65cz261fyc36tacccvrcq57k 0 246449 1590326 2026-08-22T10:27:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Dvshumkov.jpg|thumb]] '''Dmitry Vladimirovich Shumkov''' (alizaliwa [[23 Januari]] [[1972]] – alifariki [[4 Desemba]] [[2015]]) alikuwa wakili, [[mfanyabiashara]], na mwanaharakati wa umma nchini [[Urusi]] anayejulikana kwa michango yake katika sheria, biashara, na mipango ya kijamii. Alihudumu kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Umma la Shirikisho la Urusi na kuunga mkono miradi mbalimbali ya elimu na ya umma<ref>{{Cite web|title = Глава росс...' 1590326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dvshumkov.jpg|thumb]] '''Dmitry Vladimirovich Shumkov''' (alizaliwa [[23 Januari]] [[1972]] – alifariki [[4 Desemba]] [[2015]]) alikuwa wakili, [[mfanyabiashara]], na mwanaharakati wa umma nchini [[Urusi]] anayejulikana kwa michango yake katika sheria, biashara, na mipango ya kijamii. Alihudumu kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Umma la Shirikisho la Urusi na kuunga mkono miradi mbalimbali ya elimu na ya umma<ref>{{Cite web|title = Глава российского правительства наградил лучших юристов страны|url = http://top.rbc.ru/politics/04/12/2012/834779.shtml|accessdate = 2015-09-17|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130106172919/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/04/12/2012/834779.shtml|archive-date = 2013-01-06|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/27455348.html A tie for lawyer Shumkov (Russian)], by [[RFE/RL]]</ref>. Dmitry Shumkov alizaliwa tarehe 23 Januari 1972 huko Sarapul, [[Jamhuri ya Udmurtia]], Urusi. Alihitimu na shahada ya sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Udmurt na baadaye alifuata shughuli za kitaaluma na kitaalamu katika uwanja wa sheria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shumkov Dmitry Vladimirovich: biography, cause of death |url=https://bizhub.desigusxpro.com/en/new-shumkov-dmitrij-vladimirovich-biografiya-prichina-smerti.html |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=bizhub.desigusxpro.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] 1xfiup98zmuybi998amic6kczvp9nwu 0 246450 1590328 2026-08-22T10:33:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1590328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil Robert Tovey''' (alizaliwa [[2 Julai]] [[1962]]) ni [[kocha]] wa [[soka]] na aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa [[Afrika Kusini]], na pia ni kaka wa aliyekuwa mchezaji wa soka Mark Tovey. Alizaliwa [[Pretoria]], Afrika Kusini. Tovey anashikilia [[rekodi]] ya kucheza mechi nyingi zaidi katika National Soccer League, ligi ya zamani ya soka nchini Afrika Kusini. == Maisha ya Awali == Tovey alizaliwa Pretoria, lakini alikulia Durban. Alianza kucheza soka tangu mwaka 1969. Awali alitamani kuwa [[daktari]], lakini baadaye aliamua kuifuata taaluma ya kucheza soka la kulipwa. Kaka yake Mark Tovey, ambaye pia alikuwa mchezaji wa soka, alikuwa akimfundisha na kumpa mafunzo ya soka. Akiwa katika ngazi za vijana katika [[klabu]] ya Juventus Durban, pia alipata mafunzo chini ya kocha Clive Barker. == Maisha ya Klabu == === Durban City === Tovey alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa katika klabu ya Durban City mwaka 1981. Akiwa chini ya kocha Clive Barker, alisaidia klabu hiyo kushinda [[mataji]] ya NPSL mwaka 1982 na 1983. Katika kipindi chake na Durban City, alicheza jumla ya mechi 176 za ligi. Tarehe 12 Machi 1986, Tovey aliwekwa kwenye orodha ya [[wachezaji]] waliokuwa tayari kuhamishwa kwenda klabu nyingine.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/1724/Neil_Tovey.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150529001357/http://www.speakersofnote.co.za/speakers.php?action=view&spid=350</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ff03158j1k4z3s6cuyg89whazvb1icp 0 246452 1590336 2026-08-22T10:55:49Z PACKIMS 91842 Article sha mpia 1590336 wikitext text/x-wiki Neno '''Genocost''' linamaanisha mauaji ya kimbari kwa ajili ya faida za kiuchumi (Génocide pour des gains économiques). Msemo huu unaoelezea gharama ya kibinadamu, kijamii na kiuchumi ya migogoro ya silaha inayohusiana na unyonyaji wa maliasili nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] umeingizwa katika mfumo wa kisheria wa kitaifa. Sheria namba 22/065 ya tarehe [[26 Desemba]] [[2022]] iliweka Mfuko wa Kitaifa wa Ufidiaji ([[FONAREV]]), unaohusika na kuwasindikiza waathiriwa wa ukatili wa kijinsia unaohusiana na migogoro na uhalifu mwingine mkubwa. Wazo hili pia linashikiliwa na mashirika ya kiraia yanayopigania kutambuliwa rasmi na kufidiwa kwa mateso yaliyopitiwa na mamilioni ya watu. == Mazingira ya kihistoria == {{Article détaillé|Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda|Insurrection des ADF|Vita ya Kwanza ya Kongo|Vita ya Pili ya Kongo|Tathmini ya Mapping nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Mkataba wa Sitisho la Vita wa Lusaka|Mjadala wa Kikongo|Mkataba wa Jumla na Jumuishi wa Pretoria|Mkataba wa Sun City}} Mnamo [[Julai]] [[1994]], baada ya [[Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda|mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi nchini Rwanda]], kati ya wakimbizi [[1,000,000]]<ref name=":1">{{Lien web|langue=fr|titre=Chapitre II Les camps de réfugiés rwandais en Tanzanie et au Zaïre (1994-1995)|url=https://msf-crash.org/fr/genocide-et-crimes-de-masse-lexperience-rwandaise-de-msf-1982-1997/chapitre-ii-les-camps-de|accès url=libre|site=[[Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka]]|date=2016-11-04|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref> na [[1,400,000]]<ref>{{Lien web|langue=EN|titre=Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations|url=https://www.un.org/fr/preventgenocide/rwanda/historical-background.shtml|accès url=libre|site=[[Umoja wa Mataifa]]|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wahutu]]<ref name=":1" />, ikiwa ni pamoja na baadhi ya majeshi yaliyohusika na mauaji: wanamgambo wa [[Interahamwe]], wanachama wa [[Serikali ya muda ya Rwanda|serikali ya mauaji ya kimbari]] na zamani [[Jeshi la Rwanda]] (ex-FAR)<ref name="CHRISTOPH_VOGEL_nonconventional_logistics">{{Article|prénom1=Christoph N.|nom1=Vogel|titre=Nonconventional Logistics: Rebellion, Resources and Rationalities in eastern Congo|périodique=World Development|volume=192|pages=107025|date=2025-08-01|issn=0305-750X|doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107025|lire en ligne=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X2500110X|consulté le=2025-07-13}}</ref>, walihamia mashariki mwa [[Zaire]], sasa inajulikana kama [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kuwasili kwao kuliyumbisha sana eneo hilo, na kusababisha kuongezeka kwa mvutano wa kabila na mapigano makali kati ya wanamgambo, wakimbizi na jamii za mitaa. Hali hii ilisababisha kuporomoka kwa miundombinu na kuwaweka wakimbizi pamoja na raia wa Kongo katika hatari ya njaa na magonjwa ya mlipuko<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|titre=Comprendre le génocide au Congo|url=https://panzifoundation.org/fr/war-in-congo/|site=Taasisi ya Panzi|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|titre=Rwandan Refugees Ordered Out of Congo|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/1999/04/29/rwandan-refugees-ordered-out-congo|site=[[Human Rights Watch]]|date=1999-04-29|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>. [[Vita ya Kwanza ya Kongo]] (1996-1997) ilishuhudia [[Muungano wa Mashirika ya Kidemokrasia ya Ukombozi wa Kongo]] (AFDL), ukiongozwa na [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] na kuungwa mkono na [[Rwanda]] na [[Uganda]], ukimng'oa madarakani [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] baada ya miaka 32 ya utawala. Mgogoro huo ulisababisha kuhamishwa kwa mamilioni ya watu, pamoja na uharibifu mkubwa wa miundombinu ya raia. Makumi ya maelfu ya raia walipoteza maisha, hasa kutokana na magonjwa na utapiamlo<ref name=":0" />. Mnamo 1998, kufukuzwa kwa wanajeshi wa Rwanda na Uganda na [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] kulichochea [[Vita ya Pili ya Kongo|vita mpya nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], iliyohusisha nchi tisa za Afrika na makundi kadhaa ya waasi, iliyojulikana kama Vita Kuu ya Afrika. Mgogoro huu ulikuwa na athari mbaya za kibinadamu, ukisababisha kulingana na ripoti ya [[International Rescue Committee]] karibu vifo milioni 5.4{{efn|texte=Ripoti hii inapingwa na utafiti wa wataalamu wa idadi ya watu wa CEE waliotumwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] mnamo 2008 kusaidia katika maandalizi ya orodha za wapiga kura. Kulingana na wataalamu hawa wa idadi ya watu, idadi ya vifo katika kipindi hiki ingefikia idadi ya watu [[183,000]]{{lien archive|url=http://www.7sur7.be/7s7/fr/1505/Monde/article/detail/583707/2008/12/31/La-guerre-en-RDC-n-a-fait-que-183-000-morts.dhtml|titre=La guerre en RDC n'a fait "que" {{nombre|183000|morts}}]|site=7/7 tovuti ya habari ya Ubelgiji|horodatage archive=20180813175323}}. « ''Shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Marekani International Rescue Committee (IRC) wakati huo lililikadiria kuwa vita hivi vilisababisha "vifo milioni nne" nchini Kongo. Ingawa NGO ilifafanua kuwa hawa walikuwa waathiriwa wa moja kwa moja wa mgogoro huo, haikulinganisha idadi hii na idadi ya vifo kabla ya vita. Takwimu ya "milioni nne" ilitumiwa na Kinshasa na ikageuka kuwa "idadi ya waliouawa" na Uganda na Rwanda, inaangazia La Libre Belgique, inayolinganisha na milioni moja ya vifo wakati wa mauaji ya kimbari ya 1994 nchini Rwanda (kulingana na Kigali, Umoja wa Mataifa ukitaja badala yake waathiriwa {{nombre|800000|victimes}}).'' »|nom=NombreDeMorts|groupe=note}}, hasa kutokana na magonjwa na njaa<ref name="IRC_report">{{Lien web|langue=en|titre=Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: An ongoing crisis|url=https://www.rescue.org/report/mortality-democratic-republic-congo-ongoing-crisis|accès url=libre|site=[[International Rescue Committee]]|date=01/05/2007|consulté le=17/11/2022}}</ref>. Raia walipata pigo kubwa, wakiwa waathiriwa wa ukatili uliokithiri, mauaji, kuhamishwa kwa wingi na ubakaji wa kimfumo, vilivyowekwa kwenye kumbukumbu na mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Human Rights Watch]] na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], yaliyoashiria matumizi ya ubakaji kama silaha ya vita<ref>{{Lien web|langue=fr-FR|nom=Редактор 12|titre=La deuxième guerre du Congo ou la Grande guerre africaine : 5,4 millions de victimes civiles|url=https://afrinz.ru/fr/2024/08/la-deuxieme-guerre-du-congo-ou-la-grande-guerre-africaine-54-millions-de-victimes-civiles/|site=African Initiative, shirika la habari|date=2024-08-02|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>. Uhalifu uliotendwa na pande zinazopigana katika kipindi hiki umeandikwa katika [[Tathmini ya Mapping nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|ripoti ya mradi wa Mapping]]{{Efn|Uhalifu huu mbalimbali uliandikwa mnamo 2010 katika ripoti ya [[Tathmini ya Mapping nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|mradi wa Mapping]] kuhusu ukiukaji wa haki za binadamu na sheria za kimataifa uliotendwa kati ya 1993 na 2003 nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.{{Sfn||Mapping|2010|p=159-123}}.|groupe=note|nom=MAPPING_GUERRE_CONGO_2}}, lakini haujawahi kuhukumiwa<ref>{{Lien web|titre=Guerres du Congo : après 27 ans de crimes, l'indispensable lutte contre l'impunité en RDC|url=https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/guerres-du-congo-apres-27-ans-de-crimes-lindispensable-lutte-contre-limpunite-en-rdc-35249|accès url=libre|site=[[TV5 Monde]]|date=2021-10-03|consulté le=2024-08-05}}.</ref>. Mnamo [[Julai]] [[1999]], [[Mkataba wa Sitisho la Vita wa Lusaka]] ulisainiwa nchini [[Zambia]] kwa lengo la kumaliza [[vita ya pili ya Kongo]]. Mkataba huu uliweka masharti ya kuondolewa kwa majeshi ya kigeni yaliyopo katika ardhi ya Kongo na kuanzisha mfumo wa serikali ya kugawana madaraka inayohusisha viongozi wa Kongo, wapinzani wa kisiasa pamoja na makundi kuu ya waasi: [[Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie]] (RCD), inayoungwa mkono na Rwanda, na [[Mouvement de Libération du Congo]] (MLC), inayoungwa mkono na Uganda. Licha ya kutiwa saini, nchi ilibaki imegawanyika sana na bila utulivu. Ukatili uliendelea, ukizuia kurejea kwa watu waliosepa makazi yao, na makundi ya silaha yaliendelea kutawala maeneo makubwa mashariki mwa RDC, ikipunguza ufanisi wa mkataba na kudumisha amani dhaifu<ref name=":0" />{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web|titre=Ceasefire Agreement (Lusaka Agreement) {{!}} Peacemaker|url=https://peacemaker.un.org/en/node/9615|site=peacemaker.un.org|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>. == Historia == Neno Genocost lilizaliwa [[London]], mnamo 2013, chini ya kalamu ya mwanaharakati wa CAYP, jukwaa la utendaji la vijana wa Kongo kufuatia kuchapishwa kwa [[Tathmini ya Mapping nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|ripoti ya Mapping]], ripoti ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], inayoweka kumbukumbu ya ukubwa wa uhalifu uliotendwa mashariki mwa Kongo tangu 1996 na kuashiria uwajibikaji wa nchi kadhaa jirani: [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]]. Ndipo wazo lilipoibuka la watu wa Kongo kuwa waathiriwa wa tamaa ya majirani zao kwa utajiri wa udongo wao, rasilimali zao za madini, na mantiki ya unyonyaji inayotokana tangu enzi za ukoloni. Haraka sana, mashirika ya kiraia nchini Kongo yalichukua wazo hilo. Ni mchanganyiko wa maneno ''génocide'' (mauaji ya kimbari) na ''cost'' (gharama), ukielezea asili ya kiuchumi ya mauaji ya kimbari nchini RDC. Katika historia ya mauaji ya kimbari nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], migogoro ya sasa, iliyogharimu maisha ya watu zaidi ya milioni 6, si ya kwanza ya aina yake. Kulingana na wanahistoria kama Adam Hochschild na Isidore Ndaywel è Nziem, wakati wa utawala wa kikoloni wa Mfalme Leopold II (1885-1908), karibu Wakongo milioni 10 hadi 13 waliuawa kutokana na unyonyaji wa kikatili wa mpira na rasilimali zingine za asili<ref>https://www.fonarev.cd/a-propos-du-fonarev</ref>. === Mapambano ya kutambuliwa kwa mauaji ya kimbari nchini RDC === Uwanja mmoja mjini [[Kinshasa]] umepewa jina la ishara kuwa uwanja wa ''Génocost''. Mikutano hufanyika hapo kila tarehe [[2 Agosti]] inayoadhimisha mwanzo wa vita ya pili ya Kongo mnamo 1998<ref>{{Lien web|langue=fr|titre=«Genocost» en RDC: entre reconnaissance officielle et combat inachevé pour la justice|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250802-genocost-en-rdc-entre-reconnaissance-officielle-et-combat-inachev%C3%A9-pour-la-justice|accès url=libre|site=[[Radio France Internationale]]|date=2025-08-02|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>.Kumbukumbu imezinduliwa mjini Kinshasa, ikionyesha nguzo 93 na mwaliko wa moto wa milele, kwa heshima ya mamilioni ya waathiriwa wa migogoro ya silaha. Katika sherehe za mwaka 2025, Rais [[Félix Tshisekedi]] alilisihi Bunge kupitisha azimio linalotambua rasmi mauaji ya kimbari yaliyotendwa katika ardhi ya Kongo. [[FONAREV|Mfuko wa Kitaifa wa Ufidiaji]] (FONAREV) uliashiria kuwa tayari umetambua zaidi ya waathiriwa 400,000, katika mtazamo wa utaratibu wa ufidiaji na ushawishi wa kimataifa kwa ajili ya kutambuliwa kwa ''Genocost'' kama mauaji ya kimbari yanayohusiana na unyonyaji wa rasilimali za asili<ref>{{Lien web|langue=fr|titre=Mémorial du génocide congolais : Ce qu'il faut savoir sur le GENOCOST|url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/cj3lxny0072o|site=BBC News Afrique|date=2025-08-06|consulté le=2025-09-15}}</ref>. Tangu 2013, mashirika ya kiraia nchini Kongo yamekusanyika ili kufanya Genocost itambuliwe, neno linaloelezea uhalifu uliotendewa watu wa Kongo na gharama zao za kibinadamu na kiuchumi. Mnamo 2023, kumbukumbu rasmi, iliyosainiwa na zaidi ya mashirika 60, iliwasilishwa kwa mamlaka za Kongo. Inatoa wito wa: Kutambuliwa kisheria kwa mauaji ya kimbari ya Kongo Haki, ufidiaji na mwisho wa kutoadhibiwa Mageuzi ya kisheria na usaidizi wa jumuiya ya kimataifa<ref>https://www.genocost.org/</ref> Kutambuliwa rasmi na hatua za ufidiaji ni hatua muhimu za kuzuia kujirudia kwa maafa hayo na kuheshimu kumbukumbu ya mamilioni ya waathiriwa. Tangu 2023, mwaka wa ukumbusho wake wa kwanza, sherehe za ''Génocost'' zimejiamกำหนด kama tukio la kitaifa, likigusa sana mioyo ya miji na maeneo mengi kote Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, na hata nje ya nchi, ambapo katika miji mingi mikubwa kama Paris, Brussels au London, Wakongo walio nje ya nchi huandaa ukumbusho. == Marejeo == === Mambo ya kuzingatia === {{Notes}} === Orodha ya marejeo === {{références}} == Tazama pia == === Vitabu === * {{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=[[Gérard Prunier]]|titre=Africa’s world war. Congo, the Rwandan genocide, and the making of a continental catastrophe|lieu=Oxford/New York|éditeur=[[Oxford University Press]]|année=2009|pages totals=529|isbn=978-0-19-537420-9|lire en ligne=https://archive.org/details/africasworldwarc0000prun/mode/2up|consulté le=11/06/2024|plume=O}} * {{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=[[Filip Reyntjens]]|titre=The Great African War Congo and Regional Geopolitics 1996-2006|année=2009|pages totals=327|isbn=978-0-521-11128-7|lire en ligne=https://archive.org/details/greatafricanwarc0000reyn|plume=O}} === Makala yanayohusiana === * [[Vita ya Kwanza ya Kongo]] * [[Vita ya Pili ya Kongo]] * [[Serikali ya Kipindi cha Mpito ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Vyama vya kisiasa nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Siasa za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Tathmini ya Mapping nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] * [[Zaire]] === Viungo vya nje === * {{Ouvrage|auteur1=Mapping|titre=Rapport Mapping|éditeur=[[Umoja wa Mataifa]]|nature ouvrage=Rapport du projet mapping sur les violations des droits de l’homme et droit international commise entre 1993 et 2003 en République Démocratique du Congo|année=2010|pages totals=583|présentation en ligne=https://www.mapping-report.org/fr/preface/|lire en ligne=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/CD/DRC_MAPPING_REPORT_FINAL_FR.pdf|accès url=libre|consulté le=19/08/2024|plume=O}} {{Palette|Guerres et processus de paix en république démocratique du Congo|Histoire de la république démocratique du Congo}} {{Portail|histoire militaire|République démocratique du Congo|mort|criminologie|droits de l’homme|années 1990|années 2000|années 2010|années 2020}} 3oljw9h52vylzx7bc3lo76bl020yfti 0 246453 1590341 2026-08-22T11:27:02Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mikail O. Shishkhanov''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mfadhili nchini [[Urusi]].Alikuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa Binbank ya Urusi hadi [[2017]]. Wakati huo alikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.3 na akachukua nafasi ya 44 katika orodha ya Urusi ya jarida la [[Forbes]]. Mnamo Septemba 2017, benki kuu ya Urusi ilitwaa Binbank kwa lazima, na kusababisha Shishkhanov kupoteza benki na mali zake zote<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery/354805-bednyy-r...' 1590341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mikail O. Shishkhanov''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mfadhili nchini [[Urusi]].Alikuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa Binbank ya Urusi hadi [[2017]]. Wakati huo alikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.3 na akachukua nafasi ya 44 katika orodha ya Urusi ya jarida la [[Forbes]]. Mnamo Septemba 2017, benki kuu ya Urusi ilitwaa Binbank kwa lazima, na kusababisha Shishkhanov kupoteza benki na mali zake zote<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.ru/milliardery/354805-bednyy-rodstvennik-poterya-aktivov-mikailom-shishhanovym-fiasko-goda-po-versii |title=Бедный родственник. Потеря активов Микаилом Шишхановым — фиаско года по версии Forbes |trans-title=Poor relative. Loss of assets by Mikail Shishkhanov - fiasco of the year according to Forbes |date=December 23, 2017 |publisher=Forbes Russia}}</ref><ref name=forbes>{{Cite web |language=ru |url=https://1prime.ru/legal/20230703/840975996.html |title=Суд признал банкротом Микаила Шишханова |trans-title=The court declared Mikail Shishkhanov bankrupt |date=2023-07-03|website=Forbes Russia}}</ref>. Mnamo [[Julai 3]], [[2023]], Mahakama ya Usuluhishi ya Mkoa wa [[Moscow]] ilimtangaza kuwa mfilisi. Alishtakiwa kwa deni la rubles bilioni 853. Mahakama iliamuru kuuza mali iliyobaki ya Shishkhanov ili kulipa deni. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jnfut5k7djzlrvrjtb6ycfbagfbf9fv 0 246454 1590342 2026-08-22T11:29:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mikhail Shelkov''' (alizaliwa [[30 Machi]] [[1968]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]] na mmiliki mkuu wa VSMPO-AVISMA, kampuni ya titani ya Urusi, kupitia umiliki wake wa Industrial Investments LLC<ref name=infax1>{{cite web | url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/85346/ | title=VSMPO-Avisma shareholder closes deal for purchase of Russian assets of Arconic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.ru/profile/342811-mihail-sh...' 1590342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mikhail Shelkov''' (alizaliwa [[30 Machi]] [[1968]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Urusi]] na mmiliki mkuu wa VSMPO-AVISMA, kampuni ya titani ya Urusi, kupitia umiliki wake wa Industrial Investments LLC<ref name=infax1>{{cite web | url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/85346/ | title=VSMPO-Avisma shareholder closes deal for purchase of Russian assets of Arconic }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.ru/profile/342811-mihail-shelkov |title=Mikhail Shelkov |publisher=Forbes |access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref>. VSMPO inasimamia VerkhneSaldinskoye Metallurgicheskoye Proizvodstvennoye Ob'yedineniye (Muungano wa Uzalishaji wa Kimadini wa Verkhnyaya Salda; na AVISMA kwa AVIatsionnyye Spetsial'nyye MAterialy au Nyenzo Maalum za Anga).Mnamo [[2016]] Shelkov alijiunga na Rostec kuwekeza katika mradi wa kiwanda cha Oktava, ambacho kiko Tula.<ref name="ros1">{{cite news |url=https://rostec.ru/upload/iblock/e51/e51272bbcf59ce3ce8320cdabf668a1d.pdf |title=Rostec ‘Annual Report 2017'}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p5av0lsxoftiau6m0f1ju4djw7hpyk0 0 246455 1590343 2026-08-22T11:38:12Z Germainngandu14 73636 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kituo cha uduma ya afya ya Mangobo''' ni [[Hospitali|Hospitali]] ya jumla ndani ya [[Kisangani]], inao patikana [[wilaya|Mangobo]], jimbo la [[|Tshopo]] inchi ya [[inchi|Kidemokrasia ya kongo]] == Hadisi == Kituo hiki cha Mangobo ni mahali ya afya inao patikana kweni [[wilaya|Mangobo]], ndani ya [[jiji|Kisangani]], mu inchi ya [[inchi|Kidemocrasia ya Kongo]]. Imepatikana kunako mtaa Limanga, blok II, n° 08, karibu ya kituo cha afya ya '''Maman Mwilu''...' 1590343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kituo cha uduma ya afya ya Mangobo''' ni [[Hospitali|Hospitali]] ya jumla ndani ya [[Kisangani]], inao patikana [[wilaya|Mangobo]], jimbo la [[Tshopo]] inchi ya [[inchi|Kidemokrasia ya kongo]] == Hadisi == Kituo hiki cha Mangobo ni mahali ya afya inao patikana kweni [[wilaya|Mangobo]], ndani ya [[jiji|Kisangani]], mu inchi ya [[inchi|Kidemocrasia ya Kongo]]. Imepatikana kunako mtaa Limanga, blok II, n° 08, karibu ya kituo cha afya ya '''Maman Mwilu''',<ref>"HGR Mangobo" [https://www.memoireonline.com/12/12/6538/m_Opinion-du-personnel-medical-et-paramedical-sur-les-conditions-de-travail--lhopital-general1.html?], le 22-10-2024.</ref>. Kwanzia mwaka 2015 mpaka 2018, uchunguzi uliendeshwa kweni kituo la [[wilaya|Mangobo]] ili ya kuchunguza vema utembezi na maendeleo ya kituo cha afya hapo [[jiji|Kisangani]]<ref> "Analysis of Implementation of Drugs Management Policy in Public & Private Hospitals in the Democratic Republic of Congo", [https://www.sdiarticle4.com/prh/doc/Revised-ms_JSRR_53672_v1.pdf], le 28-10-2024.</ref>. Kunako mwaka 2023, ilitangazwa ya kwamba kituo hicho cha Mangobo iliporwa na vijana ya nia mbaya, na jambo ilo ika sababishwa kukata matunzo na kazi yeyote.<ref> "L'hôpital Général de référence de Mangobo pillé et saccagé par certains jeunes de cette municipalité", [https://www.rfmtv.net/sante-lhopital-general-de-reference-de-mangobo-pille-et-saccage-par-certains-jeunes-de-cette-municipalite/|site= rfmtv], le 15-12-2024.</ref>. == Kazi == Kuna kazi mingi ambayo kituo hicho kina faidiya wakaaji : 1. Kazi ya matibabu : * Miadi ya daktari * Matunzo ya ndani * Tiba ya watoto * Upasuaji la jumla == Mahali ya kijiografia == {{Empty section}} == Marejeleo == {{reflist}} 2je5j9853w36h7xhh3zlnq89twq68nz 0 246456 1590344 2026-08-22T11:43:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yuri Shefler''' (alizaliwa [[10 Septemba]] [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] mzaliwa nchini [[Urusi]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa SPI Group, kundi la kimataifa linalouza pombe katika nchi 160, hasa chapa ya vodka ya Stolichnaya. Kufikia Julai [[2025]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa [[Dola ya Marekani|dola za Marekani]] bilioni 1.1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg - Vodka Drinkers Are Changing Brands in Wake of Ukraine Invasion |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/a...' 1590344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuri Shefler''' (alizaliwa [[10 Septemba]] [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] mzaliwa nchini [[Urusi]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa SPI Group, kundi la kimataifa linalouza pombe katika nchi 160, hasa chapa ya vodka ya Stolichnaya. Kufikia Julai [[2025]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa [[Dola ya Marekani|dola za Marekani]] bilioni 1.1<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg - Vodka Drinkers Are Changing Brands in Wake of Ukraine Invasion |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-02/vodka-drinkers-are-changing-brands-in-wake-of-ukraine-invasion|access-date=2022-03-03 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-02 |title=Vodka Drinkers Are Changing Brands in Wake of Ukraine Invasion |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-02/vodka-drinkers-are-changing-brands-in-wake-of-ukraine-invasion |access-date=2022-06-23}}</ref>. Shefler aliondoka katika Jeshi la Kisovyeti mnamo Septemba [[1987]] na kuanza biashara, ambayo ilimfanya kuendesha moja ya maduka makubwa ya [[Moscow]] na Vnukovo Airlines<ref name="SCMP">{{Cite web |title=Who is Russian billionaire Yuri Shefler, who bought Angelina Jolie's share of Chateau Miraval and upset Brad Pitt? 5 things to know, from his Victoria's Secret model wife to his drinks empire |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3168401/who-russian-billionaire-yuri-shefler-who-bought-angelina |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=South China Morning Post}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Yuri Shefler |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/yuri-shefler/ |work=Forbes |access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref>. Alimiliki moja ya jahazi kubwa zaidi duniani, Serene, yenye urefu wa mita 133.9. Mnamo [[2015]] aliuza Serene kwa Mwana Mfalme wa Saudia [[Mohammed bin Salman]] kwa dola milioni 550. Mnamo Machi [[2017]] alinunua Tulchan Estate huko Speyside, shamba la gharama kubwa zaidi la michezo nchini Scotland. Mnamo [[Februari 17]], [[2022]], Brad Pitt alidai kwamba Angelina Jolie aliuza kwa kundi la divai la Shefler la Tenute del Mondo, ambayo ni kampuni tanzu ya Stoli Group ya Shefler, nia yake katika Château Miraval huko Correns, [[Provence]], [[Ufaransa]], ambayo Pitt na Jolie walinunua mwaka [[2008]] kwa dola milioni 28.4<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian vodka billionaire buys £25 million Scottish estate |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/15194658.russian-vodka-billionaire-buys-25-million-scottish-estate/ |website=The Herald |date=31 March 2017}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4c93tirq8z9v6f3ffhgbci9eqslo7ea 0 246457 1590345 2026-08-22T11:49:09Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kirill Nikolayevich Shamalov''' (alizaliwa [[22 Machi]] [[1982]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Urusi]], mume wa zamani wa Katerina Tikhonova na mkwewe wa zamani wa rais wa Urusi [[Vladimir Putin]]. Alikuwa mshauri wa zamani wa uchumi wa serikali ya Urusi.Yeye ni mtoto mdogo wa Nikolai Shamalov, mmiliki mwenza wa Rossiya Bank na mshirika wa karibu wa Putin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2781749|title=Кирилл Николаевич...' 1590345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kirill Nikolayevich Shamalov''' (alizaliwa [[22 Machi]] [[1982]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Urusi]], mume wa zamani wa Katerina Tikhonova na mkwewe wa zamani wa rais wa Urusi [[Vladimir Putin]]. Alikuwa mshauri wa zamani wa uchumi wa serikali ya Urusi.Yeye ni mtoto mdogo wa Nikolai Shamalov, mmiliki mwenza wa Rossiya Bank na mshirika wa karibu wa Putin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2781749|title=Кирилл Николаевич Шамалов|date=8 April 2015|publisher=|issue=138|pages=10|access-date=6 August 2016|via=[[Kommersant]]}}</ref> Baada ya kumuoa binti wa Putin mwaka [[2013]], Shamalov alipewa ofa nyingi za biashara zenye faida kubwa zenye thamani ya mabilioni ya dola. Akawa bilionea mwenye umri mdogo zaidi nchini Urusi akiwa na umri wa miaka 32. Shamalov ni mkurugenzi na mmiliki wa sehemu ya Sibur, kampuni ya petrokemikali ya Urusi. Hisa yake ya asilimia 21 katika kampuni hiyo inaripotiwa kuwa na thamani ya dola bilioni 2. Bei ya hisa hiyo na mazingira ya ununuzi wa hisa hiyo haijulikani wazi. Mara tu baada ya kuoa binti ya Putin, alipata hisa ya asilimia 3.8 (yenye thamani ya dola milioni 388) katika kampuni hiyo kwa dola 100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/kirill-shamalov/|title=Kirill Shamalov|work=[[Forbes]]|date=|access-date=24 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>. Mnamo [[2018]], Marekani ilimwekea vikwazo. Baada ya uvamizi wa Urusi nchini [[Ukraini]] wa [[2022]], Shamalov alifanyiwa vikwazo na [[Uingereza]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |author1=Stephen Grey |author2=Andrey Kuzmin |author3=Elizabeth Piper |date=10 November 2015 |title=Putin's daughter, a young billionaire and the president's friends |url=http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/russia-capitalism-daughters/ |website=Reuters |language=en |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Russian Businessman Received Flood Of Billion-Dollar Deals After Marrying 'Putin's Daughter,' Report Shows |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russian-businessman-shamalov--putin-daughter-billion-dollar-deals/30988633.html |date=7 December 2020 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8yzauxnz0wga0dh36izb8ir18maotgd