Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1751 1594507 1578082 2026-09-04T23:05:27Z Amanich7 44301 /* Wanyama */ 1594507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Der-Kilimandscharo.jpg|thumb|Kilimanjaro mnamo 1911]] [[Picha:ETH-BIB-Blick ins Kraterloch des Kibo aus 6500 m Höhe-Kilimanjaroflug 1929-30-LBS MH02-07-0119.tif|thumb|Picha ya kwanza ya angani ya Kibo iliyochukuliwa na Walter Mittelholzer mnamo 1929]] [[Picha:Elephants at Amboseli national park against Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|Tembo kwenye Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Amboseli dhidi ya Mlima Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Moshi panorama edit1.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro kama unavyoonekana kutoka manispaa ya Moshi katika Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 3D - version 1.gif|thumb|mfano wa kilele cha mlima kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 2006-08-13.JPG|thumb|250px|Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyoonekana kutoka [[Moshi (mji)|Moshi]]]] [[Picha:Kibo summit of Mt Kilimanjaro 001.JPG|thumb|250px|Kilele cha Kibo kwenye mlima Kilimanjaro]] '''Kilimanjaro''' ni [[jina]] la [[mlima]] mrefu kuliko yote [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]]. Mlima huo uko nchini [[Tanzania]] katika [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]. Una [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,895 ([[futi]] 19,340). Hali halisi Kilimanjaro ni zaidi ya mlima tu, ni kama [[Safu ya milima|safu ndogo ya milima]] mitatu: Kibo, Mawenzi na Shira. Hiyo mitatu inaonekana kama vilele vitatu vya mlima mmoja, hivyo si vibaya kusema Kilimanjaro ni mlima. [[Jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Kilimanjaro ni [[volkeno]] iliyolala kwa sasa. Kwenye [[kilele]] cha [[Kibo]] [[gesi]] bado inatoka. Kumbukumbu ya wenyeji ina habari ya [[mlipuko]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1730]]. Kilele cha juu cha Kibo kinaitwa [[Uhuru]]. Mtu wa kwanza kufika kileleni hapo alikuwa [[Johannes Kinyala Lauwo]] kutoka [[Marangu]] aliyewaongoza [[Wajerumani]] [[Hans Meyer]] na [[Ludwig Purtscheller]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Ujerumani]]. Wakati ule waliita ncha ya juu "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ''(kwa [[Kijerumani]]: Kilele cha Kaisari Wilhelm)'' kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Kibo ina [[theluji]] na [[barafuto]] ndogo kadhaa. ==Jina== [[File:German East Africa MKL Bd. 14 1890 (128624470).jpg|thumb|350px|Ramani ya 1890 inayoonyesha jina "''Kilima-Ndscharo''" katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]].]] [[Asili]] ya jina "Kilimanjaro" haijulikani kikamilifu. Vyanzo vya kimaandishi vinajulikana tangu takriban mwaka [[1860]] ambapo [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] walitumia jina hilo katika taarifa zao wakidai "Kilimanjaro" ni jina la [[Kiswahili]].<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=255}}</ref> Pamoja na umbo hili kulikuwa pia na tahajia ya sehemu mbili ama "Kilima-Njaro"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://words.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/k/kilima-njaro.html | title=Kilima-Njaro | publisher=fromoldbooks.org | work=1907 Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | date=1907 | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=James Wood}}</ref> au kwa namna ya Kijerumani “Kilima-Ndscharo”. [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] aliandika mnamo [[1860]] kuwa [[Waswahili]] kwenye [[pwani]] waliita mlima huo "Kilimanjaro". Alisema pia ya kwamba hao Waswahili walieleza maana yake kuwa ama “mlima mkubwa” au “mlima wa misafara” ingawa mwenyewe hakukubali maelezo hayo. Kwa elezo la mwisho "Kilima" kilimaanisha "mlima" na "Jaro" labda "misafara".<ref name="Krapf"/> [[Jim Thompson]] aliandika mnamo [[1885]] kuwa jina Kilima-Njaro lilichukuliwa mara nyingi kuwa na maana ya "mlima mkubwa" lakini mwenyewe alipendelea maelezo tofauti yaliyosema "mlima mweupe". <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9PETAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa'', authored by Johann Ludwig Krapf and Ernest George Ravenstein, Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, London, 1887]</ref> "Njaro" ni Kiswahili cha Zamani kwa "ng’ara".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/tanzania.htm#PIA03355 | title=Perspective with Landsat Overlay | publisher=California Institute of Technology | work=SRTM TANZANIA IMAGES | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Vivyo hivyo [[Krapf]] aliandika ya kwamba aliwahi kuwatembela [[Wakamba]] mnamo [[1849]] walioita mlima “Kima jaJeu” yaani mlima mweupe <ref>{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=544}}</ref> Leo hii Wakamba wangesema “Kiima Kyeu” na elezo hili limekubaliwa na [[watafiti]] mbalimbali. Wengine huona ya kwamba ni Wazungu wasiojua Kiswahili vema waliochanganya “mlima” na “Kilima”. Wengine wamejaribu kuona msingi wa jina katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kichagga]]. Hapo wanadai uwezekano kuwa "Kileman" limetokana na [[neno]] la Kichagga "kileme" linalomaanisha “kinachoshinda” au neno "kilelema" linalomaanisha "kilichokuwa vigumu, kilichoshindikana". Katika hoja hiyo "Jaro" imetokana na Kichagga “njaare” (aina ya [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]], au kufuatana na wengine [[chui]]) au kutoka neno “jyaro” ([[msafara]]). Elezo lingine ni kwamba [[Wachagga]] walisema mlima huo hauwezi kupandwa "kilemanjaare" au "kilemajyaro" na [[wapagazi]] au wafasiri kutoka pwani waliichukua kuwa jina la mlima na kutafsiri vile kwa Wazungu. Tangu [[miaka ya 1880]] mlima umekuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ukaitwa "Kilima-Ndscharo" kwa Kijerumani.<ref>Briggs, Philip (1996): "Guide to Tanzania; 2nd edition." Bradt Guides.</ref> Tarehe [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] [[Hans Meyer]] alikuwa mtu wa kwanza anayejulikana kupanda mlima na kufika hadi kilele cha Kibo. Alichagua jina la "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ("Ncha ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm II|Kaisari Wilhelm]]"<ref> Haieleweki kama alitoa jina kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm I]] (aliyeunganisha Ujerumani) au [[Mwana|mwanawe]] [[Kaisari Wilhelm II]] (aliyekuwa [[mtawala]] tangu mwaka [[1888]] tu)</ref>).<ref>{{cite conference | url=http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf | title=GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I | publisher=University of Technology Darmstadt | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Demhardt, I.J.}}</ref> Jina hilo lilitumika hadi [[Tanzania]] ilipoundwa mwaka [[1964]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_nov-dec-1945_106_5-6/page/n72 | author=P. C. Spink | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1945 | volume=106 | issue=5-6 | pages=213 | doi=10.2307/1788958 | jstor=1788958}}</ref> na kilele kubadilishiwa jina kuwa "Uhuru", likiwa na maana ya "Kilele cha Uhuru" <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1965_files/AJ%201965%20320-330%20Dangar%20Alpine%20Notes.pdf | title=Dangar Alpine Notes | author=D. F. O. Dangar | journal=The Alpine Journal | year=1965 | volume=70 | issue=310-311 | pages=328}}</ref> ==Jiolojia ya mlima na tabia za kijiografia== Kilimanjaro inapanda hadi mita 4877 juu ya [[tambarare]] karibu na [[Moshi (mji)|mji wa Moshi]] uliopo miguuni pake. Hii inafanya kilele chake kuwa mita 5895 juu ya [[uwiano wa bahari]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/403 | title=Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | work=World Heritage List | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Kilimanjaro ni volkeno ya [[rusu]] iliyojengwa na rusu za [[majivu]], [[zaha]] na [[mata]] nyingine. Ni volkeno ndefu kuliko zote [[duniani]] nje ya [[Amerika Kusini]]. <ref name="HighVolc">{{cite web | url=http://www.volcanolive.com/kilimanjaro.html | title=Mt Kilimanjaro Volcano | publisher=Volcano Live - John Seach | accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> Vilele vitatu vya kivolkeno juu ya Kilimanjaro ni * Kibo iliyo juu zaidi * Mawenzi yenye [[kimo]] cha mita 5149<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 | title=Mawenzi | publisher=Interactive Outdoors, Inc | work=Peakware | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192427/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 }}</ref> * Shira yenye urefu wa mita 4005.<ref name="Kaser">{{cite journal | url=https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/tanzania/pubs/cullen_etal_2006_grl.pdf | title=Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates | author=Nicolas J. Cullen, Thomas Mölg, Georg Kaser, Khalid Hussein, Konrad Steffen, and Douglas R. Hardy | journal=Geophysical Research Letters | year=2006 | volume=33 | issue=16 | doi=10.1029/2006GL027084 | format=PDF | bibcode=2006GeoRL..3316502C}}</ref> Vyote vitatu vina [[kasoko]]. Mawenzi na Shira ni [[volkeno zimwe]] lakini Kibo ni volkeno iliyolala, ila inaweza kuwaka tena. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe">{{cite journal | author1=Nonnotte, Philippe | author2=Hervé Guillou | author3 = Bernard Le Gall | author4 = Mathieu Benoit | author5 = Joseph Cotten | author6 = Stéphane Scaillet | title=New K-Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa | journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research | year=2008 | volume=173 | issue=1-2 | pages=99–112 | accessdate=29 July 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042 | url=http://hal.univ-brest.fr/file/index/docid/304458/filename/Nonnotte_et_al.J.Volc.Geoth.Res-08.pdf}}</ref> Uhuru ni sehemu ya juu kwenye ukingo wa [[kasoko]] ya Kibo. [[Taasisi]] ya [[Tanzania National Parks Authority]] <ref name="TNP">{{cite web | url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | title=Mount Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=Tanzania National Parks | work=Tanzania National Parks | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2012-09-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | =https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html }}</ref> na [[UNESCO]] zinataja [[kimo]] cha Uhuru Peak kuwa mita 5895. Kimo hicho kimetokana na [[upimaji]] uliofanyika wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1952]]. <ref name="Digital">{{cite web | url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1142/paper12.pdf | title=The New Digital Orthometric Elevation Model of Kilimanjaro | publisher=CEUR Workshop Proceedings | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen and Jorge Filipe Dos Santos}}</ref> Tangu upimaji ule kimo cha mlima kimepimwa tena: kinaonyesha kuwa mlima unapungua polepole. Kipimo kilikuwa mita 5892 mwaka [[1999]] na mita 5891 mwaka [[2014]].<ref name="Digital"/> Muundo wa ndani wa Kilimanjaro haujulikani sana kwa sababu hadi sasa haujatokea [[mmomonyoko]] mkubwa unaoweza kufunua ndani yake.<ref name="Preliminary">{{cite journal | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4713936&fileId=S0016756800066590 | title=Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro | author=W. H. Wilcockson | journal=Geological Magazine | year=1956 | volume=93 | issue=3 | pages=218–228 | doi=10.1017/S0016756800066590}}</ref> ===Shira=== Kilele cha kale zaidi ni Shira iliyoanza kutema moto takriban miaka milioni 2.5 iliyopita ikaacha miaka milioni 1.9 iliyopita. Wakati ule upande wa kaskazini wa mzingo wa kasoko ulipinduka. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Leo hii Shira ina tambarare pana kwenye kilele chake kwenye kimo cha mita 3800; inawezekana hii kiasili ilikuwa [[kaldera]] iliyojaa lava. Mabaki ya mzingo wa kaldera yamepungua sana kutokana na mmomonyoko. Kabla ya kutoa moto na kutokea kwa mmomonyoko kimo cha Shira kilikuwa kati ya mita 4,900 na 5,200. Mata yake ni hasa lava pamoja na kiasi cha [[piroklasti]]. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson">{{cite book | author=John Barry Dawson | title=The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Om2oMjXK3R4C&pg=PA56|year=2008|publisher=Geological Society of London | isbn=978-1-86239-267-0|page=56}}</ref> ===Mawenzi=== Mawenzi na Kibo zilianza kulipuka (kutoa moto) takriban miaka milioni iliyopita.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Zimetengwa na tambarare ( "Saddle Plateau") kwenye kimo cha mita 4400.<ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro">{{cite journal | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1780513?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents | title=An Ascent of Kilimanjaro | author=C. Gillman | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1923 | volume=61 | issue=1 | doi=10.2307/1780513 | registration=yes | jstor=10.2307/1780513 | pages=1–21}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Miamba ya kijana kwenye Mawenzi ilitokea miaka 448,000 iliyopita. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Mawenzi huwa na [[mgongo]] wenye [[umbo]] la [[kiatu]] cha [[farasi]] mwenye [[ncha]] kali na kufunguka upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Mgongo unakatwa na [[Bonde|mabonde]] kadhaa na upande wa mashariki wa mlima umepungua kutokana na mmomonyoko. Mawenzi huwa na kilele cha pili kinachojulikana kwa jina la “Neumann Tower” chenye mita 4425.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> ===Kibo=== Kibo ni [[pia]] ya kivolkeno yenye kimo kirefu ikiwa na [[upana]] wa kilomita 15 kwenye "Saddle Plateau". Ililipuka mara ya mwisho miaka 150,000 na 200,000 iliyopita na [[mlipuko wa volkeno|mlipuko]] huo ulifanya kasoko kwenye kilele cha Kibo cha sasa. Hadi leo gesi inatoka kwenye [[Shimo|mashimo]] ardhini.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> Kibo huwa na pia kwenye kilele chake chenye [[umbo]] kamili. Kuna [[kaldera]] yenye upana wa kilomita 2.5 na ndani yake pia iko kasoko ya Reusch. Jina hilo lilitolewa na [[serikali]] ya [[Tanganyika]] mwaka [[1954]] kwa heshima ya Mjerumani [[Gustav Otto Richard Reusch]] alipopanda mlima mara ya 25. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 | title=Gustav Otto Richard Reusch | publisher=The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University | work=Biographies | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2015-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024111716/http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Richard Leider | title=The Power of Purpose: Find Meaning, Live Longer, Better | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_s4B9LI7BX0C&pg=PA12 | date=10 May 2010 | publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-60509-527-1 | page=12}}</ref> Ndani ya kasoko ya Reusch kuna shimo refu linalojulikana kwa jina la “ash pit” (shimo la majivu).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/kilimanjaro | title=Kilimanjaro | publisher=Oregon State University | work=Volcano World | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Wakati wa mlipuko wa mwisho uliotokea miaka 100,000 iliyopita sehemu za mzingo wa kasoko ziliporomoka na kuacha pengo kubwa. <ref>{{cite book | author=Alex Stewart | title=Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa' | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=28N6F2wBSM8C&pg=PA97 | date=23 April 2012 | publisher=Cicerone Press Limited | isbn=978-1-84965-622-1 | page=100}}</ref> Kibo huwa na pia za kando zaidi ya 250 ambazo ni mashimo ambako gesi, [[zaha]] na [[piroklasti]] zilitoka kwenye pande za mlima wakati wa kuwa [[volkeno hai]]. Zilitokea miaka 150,000 hadi 200,000 iliyopita <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/>. Zinapatikana hadi [[Ziwa Chala]] na [[Taita-Taveta County|Taveta]] upande wa kusini-mashariki na hadi [[Lengurumani]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Zaha iliyotoka katika pia hizo za kando ilifunika sehemu kubwa ya pande za mlima. [[Wamaasai]] wana kumbukumbu ya kuwa [[Ziwa Chala]] upande wa mashariki wa Kibo lilikuwa mahali pa [[kijiji]] kimoja kilichoharibika na mlipuko wa volkeno. [[Maji]] yatoka mlimani kwa njia ya [[mito]] na [[kijito|vijito]] hasa upande wa kusini unaopokea [[mvua]] zaidi hasa juu ya mita 1200. Chini ya kimo hicho maji kwenye [[mito]] inapungua kutokana na mvukizo na matumizi ya [[binadamu]]. Mito ya [[Lumi (mto) |Lumi]] na [[Pangani (mto)|Pangani]] inabeba maji ya Kilimanjaro kuelekea mashariki na kusini. <ref>{{cite book | author=William Dubois Newmark | title=The Conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0Is9h1vm90AC&pg=PA22 | year=1991 | publisher=IUCN | isbn=978-2-8317-0070-0 | pages=105–106}}</ref> [[File:Mount Kilimanjaro peeking through the clouds.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro ukitokea kati ya mawingu.]] ==Tabianchi== [[Tabianchi]] ya Kilimanjaro inaathiriwa na kimo cha mlima kinachoruhusu kufika kwa [[upepo]] kutoka [[bahari]] wenye [[unyevu]] mwingi na wakati mmoja pia upepo za juu sana. Tabia nyingine ni hali yake ya kuwa mlima wa juu sana peke yake bila jirani ya karibu sana. Mlima huwa na mfumo wa upepo ambako [[mchana]] upepo unaelekea juu na wakati wa [[usiku]] kuna upepo unaotelemka kutoka juu. Hii inatokea zaidi upande wa kusini kuliko upande wa kaskazini kwa sababu tako la mlima ni pana zaidi upande wa kusini na mitelemko yake inaelekea zaidi hivyo kuathiri tabianchi zaidi. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>. Kilimanjaro huwa na [[majira]] mawili ya mvua, moja ya [[Machi]] hadi [[Mei]] na nyingine mnamo mwezi wa [[Novemba]]. Mitelemko ya kaskazini hupokea mvua chache kulingana na mitelemko ya kusini.<ref name="PlantEcology"/> Sehemu za chini za mtelemko wa kusini hupokea [[milimita]] za [[mvua]] 800 – 900 kwa mwaka. Kiwango hiki kinaongezeka kwa milimita 1,500 hadi 2,000 kwenye kimo cha mita 1,500 na hadi juu ya milimita 3,000 kwenye ukanda wa msitu kwa mita 2,000 hadi 2,300. Juu zaidi [[usimbishaji]] unapungua tena hadi milimita 200.<ref name="PlantEcology2">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227232425_Introduced_plants_on_Kilimanjaro_tourism_and_its_impact/links/0a85e53be4703e41aa000000.pdf | title=Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: tourism and its impact | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2007 | volume=197 | issue=1 | pages=17–29 | doi=10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z}}</ref>{{rp|18}} [[Halijoto]] kwenye kilele ina wastani ya [[sentigredi]] -7 yaani [[jalidi]]. Halijoto juu ya ngao ya [[barafu]] upande wa kaskazini wakati wa usiku huwa na wastani wa sentigredi -9 na wakati wa mchana -4. Viwango vya chini vya -15 hadi -27 vimepimiwa pia.<ref name="SinghSingh2011">{{cite book | author1=Vijay P. Singh | author2=Pratap Singh | author3=Umesh K. Haritashya | title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA673 | date=1 July 2011 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=978-90-481-2641-5}}</ref>{{rp|674}} [[Usimbishaji]] wa theluji unaweza kutokea wakati wowote lakini kwa kawaida hutokea Zaidi wakati wa majira ya mvua. (Novemba–Desemba na Machi–Mei).<ref name="SinghSingh2011"/>{{rp|673}} Usimbishaji wote kwenye kilele ni hasa theluji au mchnganyiko wa tehluji na mvua kwenye kiwango cha milimita 250 hadi 500 kwa mwaka na kuvukiza haraka.<ref name="TraceElements"/> ==Barafu na barafuto== [[File:Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro-1993.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Theluji]] na barafu katika kilele cha mlima Kilimanjaro, 1993.]] Mlima Kilimanjaro hujulikana kuwa kuwa ni mlima wa Afrika mwenye kofia ya [[barafu]] ya kudumu. Pamoja na Kilimanjaro kuna sehemu mbili nyingine tu barani Afrika, ni [[Ruwenzori]] na [[Mlima Kenya]]. Lakini kiasi cha barafu imepungua kwa kipindi cha zaidi ya miaka 100. Mwingereza P.C. Spink aliona mwaka 1944 ya kwamba barafu ilipungua sana kulingana na taarifa aliyojua kutoka mpandaji wa kwanza Hans Meyer. Baina 1912 eneo la ngao ya barafu limepungua kutoka [[kilomita za mraba]] 12 hadi 1.85 km² kwenye mwaka 2009. Hii inalingana na kupunguzwa [[asilimia]] 85%. Sababu kuu ya mabadiliko haya ni kupungukiwa kwa kiwango cha [[usimbishaji]] katika mazingira ya mlima tangu mwisho wa karne ya 19. Maana Kilimanjaro ni mlima wa juu vile ya kwamba mvua wote (pamoja na ukungu na usimbishaji mwingine) unaofika kwenye kilele chake utaganda na kuwa theluji. Theluji inayokaa muda mrefu tena katika ganda nene itakuwa barafu. Lakini wakati uleule mishale ya jua zinasababisha kupotea kwa theluji na barafu kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa jumla kuongezeka au kupungukiwa kwa barafu kwenye kimo hiki ni swali la kiasi cha mvua na usimbishaji mwingine zinazofika hapa. Leo hii kuna barafuto kwenye Kibo pekee pamoja na mabaki ya ngao ya barafu kwenye tambarare ya kilele na kwenye mitelemko ya Kibo. <ref>Brian Vastag: ''The melting snows of Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' 2009, {{DOI|10.1038/news.2009.1055}}.</ref><ref>Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy u.&nbsp;a.: ''Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: observations and facts.'' In: ''International Journal of Climatology.'' 24, 2004, S.&nbsp;329, {{DOI|10.1002/joc.1008}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Solar-radiation-maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice-radiation geometry modeling.'' In: ''[[Journal of Geophysical Research]].'' 108, 2003, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD003546}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Ablation and associated energy balance of a horizontal glacier surface on Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''Journal of Geophysical Research.'' 109, 2004, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD004338}}.</ref><ref>N. J. Cullen, P. Sirguey, T. Mölg, G. Kaser, M. Winkler, S. J. Fitzsimons: ''A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded.'' The Cryosphere Discuss., 2012, 6, 4233-4265, {{doi|10.5194/tcd-6-4233-2012}}.</ref> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1788958?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Hii ngao ya barafu bado iko kwa sababu Kilimanjaro ni mlima usio na vilele vikali unaofika juu ya kimo cha mstari wa jeledi. Kasoko ya Kibo imepita na kukata ngao hiyo. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>{{rp|5}} Siku hizi hakuna miendo ya maana inayoonekana kwenye barafuto za kilele kwa sababu unene wao imepungua mno..<ref name="TraceElements"/> Utafiti wa kijiolojia umeonyesha ya kwamba kulikuwa na vipindi vitano vya upanuzi wa barafuto katika miaka 500,000 iliyopita vilivyofuatwa na vipindi vya kupungua. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bryan_Mark/publication/227643102_Quaternary_glaciation_in_Africa_key_chronologies_and_climatic_implications/links/00b7d52d451e477c9b000000.pdf | title=Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications | author=Bryan G. Mark and Henry A. Osmaston | journal=Journal of Quaternary Science | year=2008 | volume=23 | pages=589–608 | doi=10.1002/jqs.1222}}</ref> Ngao ya barafu mfululizo ilifunika mlima wote hadi kimo cha mita 3,200 miaka 24,000 – 25,000 iliyopita wakati [[barafuto]] kote duniani zilienea sana. <ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East"/> Kuna dalili ya kwamba barafu yote mlimani iliwahi kupotea kabisa takriban miaka 11,500 iliyopita kutokana na ukame dunaini wakati ule.<ref name="TraceElements">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natalie_Kehrwald/publication/261331494_Deglaciated_areas_of_Kilimanjaro_as_a_source_of_volcanic_trace_elements_deposited_on_the_ice_cap_during_the_late_Holocene/links/0f317533e6b1d43308000000.pdf | title=Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene | author=P. Gabrielli, D. R. Hardy, N. Kehrwald, M. Davis, G. Cozzi, C. Turetta, C. Barbante, L. G. Thompson | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2014 | volume=93 | issue=1 | pages=1–10 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007}}</ref> Kuongezeka kwa usimbishaji wakati wa [[Holoseni]] (miaka 11,500 iliyopita) kumeruhusu kurudi kwa barafu mlimani. <ref name="TraceElements"/> barafuto ziliweza kudumisha kipindi cha ukame miaka 4,000 iliyopita. <ref name="TraceElements"/><ref name="unabated">{{cite journal | author=L. G. Thompson, H. H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, D. R. Hardy, B. G. Mark | title=Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated | journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] | volume=106 | issue=47 | pages=19770–5 | year=2009 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0906029106 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | access-date=2016-04-01 | archive-date=2021-02-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208123238/https://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Wakati wa kutembelewa mara ya kwanza katika miaka ya 1880, kilele cha Kibo kilifunikwa kabisa kwa ngao ya barafu yenye eneo la kilomita za mraba 20 hivi na mikondo ya [[barafuto]] iliendelea wenye mitelemko ya kando. Isipokuwa pia ya kati, kaldera yote ilifunikwa na barafu.<ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East">{{cite web | last=Young | first=James A. T. | title=Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/africa.pdf | work=U.S. Geological Professional Survey | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior | pages=G61, G58, G59 G62 | accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> [[File:Kilimanjaro-1938-uwm.png|thumb|300px|Kilele cha Kibo kilivyoonekana kutoka angani mwaka 1938.]] Imetazamiwa ya kwamba barafuto kwenye mitelemko ilirudi nyuma haraka kuanzia 1912 hadi 1953, na polepole zaidi tangu wakati ule. Inaendelea kupungua nah ii inaonyesha ya kwamba bado hakuna uwiano kati ya kiasi cha mvua kinachofika kwenye kilele na uvukizaji nah ii inaonyesha mabadiliko ya tabianachi yanayoendelea. <ref name="Kaser"/> Pamoja na kufunika eneo dogo zaidi, yaani kujikaza, barafuto pia zimepungua unene kutokana na kuyeyuka na uvukizaji. <ref name="unabated"/><ref name="TraceElements"/> Mabadiliko haya kwenye barafuto za Kilimanjaro zinalingana na mabadiliko yanayoonekana kwenye barafuto kote duniani. <ref name="unabated"/> At the current rate, most of the ice on Kilimanjaro will disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".{{rp|430}} Kama barafu juu ya Kilimanjaro ingepotea kabisa hii isingekuwa tatizo kubwa kwa maji yanayopatikana katika maeneo yanayozunguka mlima. Kiasi cha barafu juu ya mlima ni kidogo sana kuliko kiasi cha maji yanayohifadhiwa na misitu kwenye mitelemko ya mlima chini zaidi. Misitu hii ni chanzo cha maji yanayotiririke chini katika mito na vijito vya mlima mkubwa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://lindseynicholson.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Moelg-et-al.-2013.pdf | title=East African glacier loss and climate change: Corrections to the UNEP article ‘‘Africa without ice and snow’’ | author=Georg Kaser, Thomas Mölg, Nicolas J. Cullen, Douglas R. Hardy, Michael Winkler, Rainer Prinz, and Lindsey Nicholson | volume=6 | pages=1–6}}</ref> ==Uoto== Kuna [[misitu]] asilia zinazofunika takriban kilomita ya mraba 1,000 kwenze mlima<ref name="PlantEcology">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227311322_Continuum_or_zonation_Altitudinal_gradients_in_the_forest_vegetation_of_Mt._Kilimanjaro/links/543b57b60cf24a6ddb976f7e.pdf | title=Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2006 | volume=184 | issue=1 | pages=27–42 | doi=10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4}}</ref> . Sehemu ya chini hulimwa kwa kupanda [[mahindi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[alizeti]], pia [[ngano]] upande wa magharibi. Kuna mabaki ya uoto wa [[savana]] ya awali yenye miti kama ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Combretum]]'', ''[[Terminalia]]'' na ''[[Grewia]]''. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu zaidi. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu Zaidi. Kwenye mitelemko ya kusini penye mvua nyingi kuna misitu ya mvua yenye miti aina ya ''[[Ocotea usambarensis]]'' pamoja na [[kangaga]] na [[epipythi]]. Juu zaidi penye ukungu wa kudumu kuna ''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]'', ''[[Hagenia abyssinica]]'' na ''[[Erica excelsa]]'' pamoja na [[kuvumwani]]. Upande wa kaskazini ulio kavu zaidi pana misitu ya [[mizeituni]], ''[[Croton (plant)|Croton]]''-''[[Mlungu-mbago]]'' (Calodendrum), ''[[Cassipourea]]'' (Mugome na Msikundazi) na ''[[Juniperus]]'' (Mtarakwa) kadri kimo kinaongezeka. Juu zaidi kati ya mita 3,100 na 3,900 hufuata kanda la vichaka vya ''[[Erica]]'' ([[mdamba]]) na juu yake kunamajanimajani tu kama ''[[Helichrysum]]'' hadi mita 4500.<ref name="PlantEcology2"/><ref>{{cite book | author1=L. A. Bruijnzeel | author2=F. N. Scatena | author3=L. S. Hamilton | title=Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N6FkwMnSX8EC&pg=PA134 | date=6 January 2011 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-1-139-49455-7 | pages=136}}</ref> Utafiti kwenye kasoko ya Maundi kwenye kimo cha mita 2780 umeonyesha ya kwamba uoto wa Kilimanjaro ulibadilika katika mwendo wa karne na milenia. Wakati wa baridi kwenye enzi ya barafu miaka 42,000 – 30,000 iliyopita misitu ilishuka chini na kanda la mdamba lilitokea takriban mita 1,500 chini ya hali yake ya sasa..<ref name="MaundiCrater"/> ==Wanyama== Hakuna wanyama wakubwa wengi waliobaki mlimani. Wanapatikana hasa kwenye misitu na sehemu za chini mlimani. [[Tembo]] na [[nyati wa Afrika|nyati]] wanaweza kuwa na hatari kwa watalii wanaopanda mlima na pia kwa wakulima. [[Pongo]], [[vinyonga]], [[digidigi]], [[Paa (Bovidae)|paa]], [[Nguchiro]], nyani mbalimbali kama [[mbega]], [[komba]], [[chui]], [[Chozi (ndege)|chozi]] na [[ngiri]] wametazamiwa pia. [[Punda milia]] na [[fisi]] wanapatikana mara chache kweye tambarare juu ya Shira.<ref>{{cite book | author=Cameron M. Burns | title=Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bwZfkrl2ygQC&pg=PA7 | year=2006 | publisher=The Mountaineers Books | isbn=978-0-89886-604-9 | page=50}}</ref> Kuna spishi chache zinazopatikana Kilimanjaro pekee hizi ni pamoja na “[[Kirukanjia (mamalia)|kirukanjia]] wa Kilimanjaro”<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 | title=Crocidura monax | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | accessdate=August 15, 2015 | archivedate=2016-04-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424202247/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 }}</ref> na spishi ya kinyonga kinachoitwa [[Kinyongia tavetana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Kinyongia&species=tavetana | title=Kinyongia tavetana (STEINDACHNER, 1891) | publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg | work=The Reptile Database | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya volkeno nchini Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima]] {{Vilele saba vya mabara}} ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Category:Kilimanjaro}} * [http:////www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http:////www.easytravelgear.com/hiking-in-africa/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3054 NASA Earth Explorer page] * [http://www.mountain-forecast.com/peaks/Mount-Kilimanjaro/forecasts/5963 Weather forecase for Mount Kilimanjaro (19,565 feet)] * [http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm Glacial Recession on Kilimanjaro (pictures of southern icefields)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm |date=20110215100701 }} * [http://www.kilicam.com Mount Kilimanjaro live webcam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141107022451/http://www.ewpnet.com/kilimanjaro/flora/index.htm Kilimanjaro flora picture gallery] * [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm/search/collection/agsafrica/searchterm/Kilimanjaro%20%28mountain%29/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/cosuppress/ Aerial photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro, 1937-38] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7919100.stm How hard is it to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?] *[http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf Field Guide to the Moist Forest Trees of Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf |date=20100621062907 }} Jon C. Lovett, Chris K. Ruffo & Roy E. Gereau, Miti ya milima ya Tanzania {{DEFAULTSORT:Kilimanjaro}} [[Jamii:Milima ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Milima ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Afrocine 2019-Tanzania]] fa06xb88fzcqesuq91uwv2a8w7tt0nk 1594508 1594507 2026-09-04T23:11:23Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Der-Kilimandscharo.jpg|thumb|Kilimanjaro mnamo 1911]] [[Picha:ETH-BIB-Blick ins Kraterloch des Kibo aus 6500 m Höhe-Kilimanjaroflug 1929-30-LBS MH02-07-0119.tif|thumb|Picha ya kwanza ya angani ya Kibo iliyochukuliwa na Walter Mittelholzer mnamo 1929]] [[Picha:Elephants at Amboseli national park against Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|Tembo kwenye Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Amboseli dhidi ya Mlima Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Moshi panorama edit1.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro kama unavyoonekana kutoka manispaa ya Moshi katika Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 3D - version 1.gif|thumb|mfano wa kilele cha mlima kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 2006-08-13.JPG|thumb|250px|Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyoonekana kutoka [[Moshi (mji)|Moshi]]]] [[Picha:Kibo summit of Mt Kilimanjaro 001.JPG|thumb|250px|Kilele cha Kibo kwenye mlima Kilimanjaro]] '''Kilimanjaro''' ni [[jina]] la [[mlima]] mrefu kuliko yote [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]]. Mlima huo uko nchini [[Tanzania]] katika [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]. Una [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,895 ([[futi]] 19,340). Hali halisi Kilimanjaro ni zaidi ya mlima tu, ni kama [[Safu ya milima|safu ndogo ya milima]] mitatu: Kibo, Mawenzi na Shira. Hiyo mitatu inaonekana kama vilele vitatu vya mlima mmoja, hivyo si vibaya kusema Kilimanjaro ni mlima. [[Jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Kilimanjaro ni [[volkeno]] iliyolala kwa sasa. Kwenye [[kilele]] cha [[Kibo]] [[gesi]] bado inatoka. Kumbukumbu ya wenyeji ina habari ya [[mlipuko]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1730]]. Kilele cha juu cha Kibo kinaitwa [[Uhuru]]. Mtu wa kwanza kufika kileleni hapo alikuwa [[Johannes Kinyala Lauwo]] kutoka [[Marangu]] aliyewaongoza [[Wajerumani]] [[Hans Meyer]] na [[Ludwig Purtscheller]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Ujerumani]]. Wakati ule waliita ncha ya juu "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ''(kwa [[Kijerumani]]: Kilele cha Kaisari Wilhelm)'' kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Kibo ina [[theluji]] na [[barafuto]] ndogo kadhaa. ==Jina== [[File:German East Africa MKL Bd. 14 1890 (128624470).jpg|thumb|350px|Ramani ya 1890 inayoonyesha jina "''Kilima-Ndscharo''" katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]].]] [[Asili]] ya jina "Kilimanjaro" haijulikani kikamilifu. Vyanzo vya kimaandishi vinajulikana tangu takriban mwaka [[1860]] ambapo [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] walitumia jina hilo katika taarifa zao wakidai "Kilimanjaro" ni jina la [[Kiswahili]].<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=255}}</ref> Pamoja na umbo hili kulikuwa pia na tahajia ya sehemu mbili ama "Kilima-Njaro"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://words.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/k/kilima-njaro.html | title=Kilima-Njaro | publisher=fromoldbooks.org | work=1907 Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | date=1907 | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=James Wood}}</ref> au kwa namna ya Kijerumani “Kilima-Ndscharo”. [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] aliandika mnamo [[1860]] kuwa [[Waswahili]] kwenye [[pwani]] waliita mlima huo "Kilimanjaro". Alisema pia ya kwamba hao Waswahili walieleza maana yake kuwa ama “mlima mkubwa” au “mlima wa misafara” ingawa mwenyewe hakukubali maelezo hayo. Kwa elezo la mwisho "Kilima" kilimaanisha "mlima" na "Jaro" labda "misafara".<ref name="Krapf"/> [[Jim Thompson]] aliandika mnamo [[1885]] kuwa jina Kilima-Njaro lilichukuliwa mara nyingi kuwa na maana ya "mlima mkubwa" lakini mwenyewe alipendelea maelezo tofauti yaliyosema "mlima mweupe". <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9PETAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa'', authored by Johann Ludwig Krapf and Ernest George Ravenstein, Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, London, 1887]</ref> "Njaro" ni Kiswahili cha Zamani kwa "ng’ara".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/tanzania.htm#PIA03355 | title=Perspective with Landsat Overlay | publisher=California Institute of Technology | work=SRTM TANZANIA IMAGES | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Vivyo hivyo [[Krapf]] aliandika ya kwamba aliwahi kuwatembela [[Wakamba]] mnamo [[1849]] walioita mlima “Kima jaJeu” yaani mlima mweupe <ref>{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=544}}</ref> Leo hii Wakamba wangesema “Kiima Kyeu” na elezo hili limekubaliwa na [[watafiti]] mbalimbali. Wengine huona ya kwamba ni Wazungu wasiojua Kiswahili vema waliochanganya “mlima” na “Kilima”. Wengine wamejaribu kuona msingi wa jina katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kichagga]]. Hapo wanadai uwezekano kuwa "Kileman" limetokana na [[neno]] la Kichagga "kileme" linalomaanisha “kinachoshinda” au neno "kilelema" linalomaanisha "kilichokuwa vigumu, kilichoshindikana". Katika hoja hiyo "Jaro" imetokana na Kichagga “njaare” (aina ya [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]], au kufuatana na wengine [[chui]]) au kutoka neno “jyaro” ([[msafara]]). Elezo lingine ni kwamba [[Wachagga]] walisema mlima huo hauwezi kupandwa "kilemanjaare" au "kilemajyaro" na [[wapagazi]] au wafasiri kutoka pwani waliichukua kuwa jina la mlima na kutafsiri vile kwa Wazungu. Tangu [[miaka ya 1880]] mlima umekuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ukaitwa "Kilima-Ndscharo" kwa Kijerumani.<ref>Briggs, Philip (1996): "Guide to Tanzania; 2nd edition." Bradt Guides.</ref> Tarehe [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] [[Hans Meyer]] alikuwa mtu wa kwanza anayejulikana kupanda mlima na kufika hadi kilele cha Kibo. Alichagua jina la "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ("Ncha ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm II|Kaisari Wilhelm]]"<ref> Haieleweki kama alitoa jina kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm I]] (aliyeunganisha Ujerumani) au [[Mwana|mwanawe]] [[Kaisari Wilhelm II]] (aliyekuwa [[mtawala]] tangu mwaka [[1888]] tu)</ref>).<ref>{{cite conference | url=http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf | title=GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I | publisher=University of Technology Darmstadt | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Demhardt, I.J.}}</ref> Jina hilo lilitumika hadi [[Tanzania]] ilipoundwa mwaka [[1964]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_nov-dec-1945_106_5-6/page/n72 | author=P. C. Spink | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1945 | volume=106 | issue=5-6 | pages=213 | doi=10.2307/1788958 | jstor=1788958}}</ref> na kilele kubadilishiwa jina kuwa "Uhuru", likiwa na maana ya "Kilele cha Uhuru" <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1965_files/AJ%201965%20320-330%20Dangar%20Alpine%20Notes.pdf | title=Dangar Alpine Notes | author=D. F. O. Dangar | journal=The Alpine Journal | year=1965 | volume=70 | issue=310-311 | pages=328}}</ref> ==Jiolojia ya mlima na tabia za kijiografia== Kilimanjaro inapanda hadi mita 4877 juu ya [[tambarare]] karibu na [[Moshi (mji)|mji wa Moshi]] uliopo miguuni pake. Hii inafanya kilele chake kuwa mita 5895 juu ya [[uwiano wa bahari]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/403 | title=Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | work=World Heritage List | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Kilimanjaro ni volkeno ya [[rusu]] iliyojengwa na rusu za [[majivu]], [[zaha]] na [[mata]] nyingine. Ni volkeno ndefu kuliko zote [[duniani]] nje ya [[Amerika Kusini]]. <ref name="HighVolc">{{cite web | url=http://www.volcanolive.com/kilimanjaro.html | title=Mt Kilimanjaro Volcano | publisher=Volcano Live - John Seach | accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> Vilele vitatu vya kivolkeno juu ya Kilimanjaro ni * Kibo iliyo juu zaidi * Mawenzi yenye [[kimo]] cha mita 5149<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 | title=Mawenzi | publisher=Interactive Outdoors, Inc | work=Peakware | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192427/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 }}</ref> * Shira yenye urefu wa mita 4005.<ref name="Kaser">{{cite journal | url=https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/tanzania/pubs/cullen_etal_2006_grl.pdf | title=Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates | author=Nicolas J. Cullen, Thomas Mölg, Georg Kaser, Khalid Hussein, Konrad Steffen, and Douglas R. Hardy | journal=Geophysical Research Letters | year=2006 | volume=33 | issue=16 | doi=10.1029/2006GL027084 | format=PDF | bibcode=2006GeoRL..3316502C}}</ref> Vyote vitatu vina [[kasoko]]. Mawenzi na Shira ni [[volkeno zimwe]] lakini Kibo ni volkeno iliyolala, ila inaweza kuwaka tena. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe">{{cite journal | author1=Nonnotte, Philippe | author2=Hervé Guillou | author3 = Bernard Le Gall | author4 = Mathieu Benoit | author5 = Joseph Cotten | author6 = Stéphane Scaillet | title=New K-Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa | journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research | year=2008 | volume=173 | issue=1-2 | pages=99–112 | accessdate=29 July 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042 | url=http://hal.univ-brest.fr/file/index/docid/304458/filename/Nonnotte_et_al.J.Volc.Geoth.Res-08.pdf}}</ref> Uhuru ni sehemu ya juu kwenye ukingo wa [[kasoko]] ya Kibo. [[Taasisi]] ya [[Tanzania National Parks Authority]] <ref name="TNP">{{cite web | url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | title=Mount Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=Tanzania National Parks | work=Tanzania National Parks | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2012-09-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | =https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html }}</ref> na [[UNESCO]] zinataja [[kimo]] cha Uhuru Peak kuwa mita 5895. Kimo hicho kimetokana na [[upimaji]] uliofanyika wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1952]]. <ref name="Digital">{{cite web | url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1142/paper12.pdf | title=The New Digital Orthometric Elevation Model of Kilimanjaro | publisher=CEUR Workshop Proceedings | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen and Jorge Filipe Dos Santos}}</ref> Tangu upimaji ule kimo cha mlima kimepimwa tena: kinaonyesha kuwa mlima unapungua polepole. Kipimo kilikuwa mita 5892 mwaka [[1999]] na mita 5891 mwaka [[2014]].<ref name="Digital"/> Muundo wa ndani wa Kilimanjaro haujulikani sana kwa sababu hadi sasa haujatokea [[mmomonyoko]] mkubwa unaoweza kufunua ndani yake.<ref name="Preliminary">{{cite journal | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4713936&fileId=S0016756800066590 | title=Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro | author=W. H. Wilcockson | journal=Geological Magazine | year=1956 | volume=93 | issue=3 | pages=218–228 | doi=10.1017/S0016756800066590}}</ref> ===Shira=== Kilele cha kale zaidi ni Shira iliyoanza kutema moto takriban miaka milioni 2.5 iliyopita ikaacha miaka milioni 1.9 iliyopita. Wakati ule upande wa kaskazini wa mzingo wa kasoko ulipinduka. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Leo hii Shira ina tambarare pana kwenye kilele chake kwenye kimo cha mita 3800; inawezekana hii kiasili ilikuwa [[kaldera]] iliyojaa lava. Mabaki ya mzingo wa kaldera yamepungua sana kutokana na mmomonyoko. Kabla ya kutoa moto na kutokea kwa mmomonyoko kimo cha Shira kilikuwa kati ya mita 4,900 na 5,200. Mata yake ni hasa lava pamoja na kiasi cha [[piroklasti]]. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson">{{cite book | author=John Barry Dawson | title=The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Om2oMjXK3R4C&pg=PA56|year=2008|publisher=Geological Society of London | isbn=978-1-86239-267-0|page=56}}</ref> ===Mawenzi=== Mawenzi na Kibo zilianza kulipuka (kutoa moto) takriban miaka milioni iliyopita.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Zimetengwa na tambarare ( "Saddle Plateau") kwenye kimo cha mita 4400.<ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro">{{cite journal | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1780513?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents | title=An Ascent of Kilimanjaro | author=C. Gillman | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1923 | volume=61 | issue=1 | doi=10.2307/1780513 | registration=yes | jstor=10.2307/1780513 | pages=1–21}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Miamba ya kijana kwenye Mawenzi ilitokea miaka 448,000 iliyopita. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Mawenzi huwa na [[mgongo]] wenye [[umbo]] la [[kiatu]] cha [[farasi]] mwenye [[ncha]] kali na kufunguka upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Mgongo unakatwa na [[Bonde|mabonde]] kadhaa na upande wa mashariki wa mlima umepungua kutokana na mmomonyoko. Mawenzi huwa na kilele cha pili kinachojulikana kwa jina la “Neumann Tower” chenye mita 4425.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> ===Kibo=== Kibo ni [[pia]] ya kivolkeno yenye kimo kirefu ikiwa na [[upana]] wa kilomita 15 kwenye "Saddle Plateau". Ililipuka mara ya mwisho miaka 150,000 na 200,000 iliyopita na [[mlipuko wa volkeno|mlipuko]] huo ulifanya kasoko kwenye kilele cha Kibo cha sasa. Hadi leo gesi inatoka kwenye [[Shimo|mashimo]] ardhini.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> Kibo huwa na pia kwenye kilele chake chenye [[umbo]] kamili. Kuna [[kaldera]] yenye upana wa kilomita 2.5 na ndani yake pia iko kasoko ya Reusch. Jina hilo lilitolewa na [[serikali]] ya [[Tanganyika]] mwaka [[1954]] kwa heshima ya Mjerumani [[Gustav Otto Richard Reusch]] alipopanda mlima mara ya 25. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 | title=Gustav Otto Richard Reusch | publisher=The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University | work=Biographies | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2015-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024111716/http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Richard Leider | title=The Power of Purpose: Find Meaning, Live Longer, Better | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_s4B9LI7BX0C&pg=PA12 | date=10 May 2010 | publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-60509-527-1 | page=12}}</ref> Ndani ya kasoko ya Reusch kuna shimo refu linalojulikana kwa jina la “ash pit” (shimo la majivu).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/kilimanjaro | title=Kilimanjaro | publisher=Oregon State University | work=Volcano World | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Wakati wa mlipuko wa mwisho uliotokea miaka 100,000 iliyopita sehemu za mzingo wa kasoko ziliporomoka na kuacha pengo kubwa. <ref>{{cite book | author=Alex Stewart | title=Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa' | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=28N6F2wBSM8C&pg=PA97 | date=23 April 2012 | publisher=Cicerone Press Limited | isbn=978-1-84965-622-1 | page=100}}</ref> Kibo huwa na pia za kando zaidi ya 250 ambazo ni mashimo ambako gesi, [[zaha]] na [[piroklasti]] zilitoka kwenye pande za mlima wakati wa kuwa [[volkeno hai]]. Zilitokea miaka 150,000 hadi 200,000 iliyopita <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/>. Zinapatikana hadi [[Ziwa Chala]] na [[Taita-Taveta County|Taveta]] upande wa kusini-mashariki na hadi [[Lengurumani]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Zaha iliyotoka katika pia hizo za kando ilifunika sehemu kubwa ya pande za mlima. [[Wamaasai]] wana kumbukumbu ya kuwa [[Ziwa Chala]] upande wa mashariki wa Kibo lilikuwa mahali pa [[kijiji]] kimoja kilichoharibika na mlipuko wa volkeno. [[Maji]] yatoka mlimani kwa njia ya [[mito]] na [[kijito|vijito]] hasa upande wa kusini unaopokea [[mvua]] zaidi hasa juu ya mita 1200. Chini ya kimo hicho maji kwenye [[mito]] inapungua kutokana na mvukizo na matumizi ya [[binadamu]]. Mito ya [[Lumi (mto) |Lumi]] na [[Pangani (mto)|Pangani]] inabeba maji ya Kilimanjaro kuelekea mashariki na kusini. <ref>{{cite book | author=William Dubois Newmark | title=The Conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0Is9h1vm90AC&pg=PA22 | year=1991 | publisher=IUCN | isbn=978-2-8317-0070-0 | pages=105–106}}</ref> [[File:Mount Kilimanjaro peeking through the clouds.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro ukitokea kati ya mawingu.]] ==Tabianchi== [[Tabianchi]] ya Kilimanjaro inaathiriwa na kimo cha mlima kinachoruhusu kufika kwa [[upepo]] kutoka [[bahari]] wenye [[unyevu]] mwingi na wakati mmoja pia upepo za juu sana. Tabia nyingine ni hali yake ya kuwa mlima wa juu sana peke yake bila jirani ya karibu sana. Mlima huwa na mfumo wa upepo ambako [[mchana]] upepo unaelekea juu na wakati wa [[usiku]] kuna upepo unaotelemka kutoka juu. Hii inatokea zaidi upande wa kusini kuliko upande wa kaskazini kwa sababu tako la mlima ni pana zaidi upande wa kusini na mitelemko yake inaelekea zaidi hivyo kuathiri tabianchi zaidi. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>. Kilimanjaro huwa na [[majira]] mawili ya mvua, moja ya [[Machi]] hadi [[Mei]] na nyingine mnamo mwezi wa [[Novemba]]. Mitelemko ya kaskazini hupokea mvua chache kulingana na mitelemko ya kusini.<ref name="PlantEcology"/> Sehemu za chini za mtelemko wa kusini hupokea [[milimita]] za [[mvua]] 800 – 900 kwa mwaka. Kiwango hiki kinaongezeka kwa milimita 1,500 hadi 2,000 kwenye kimo cha mita 1,500 na hadi juu ya milimita 3,000 kwenye ukanda wa msitu kwa mita 2,000 hadi 2,300. Juu zaidi [[usimbishaji]] unapungua tena hadi milimita 200.<ref name="PlantEcology2">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227232425_Introduced_plants_on_Kilimanjaro_tourism_and_its_impact/links/0a85e53be4703e41aa000000.pdf | title=Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: tourism and its impact | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2007 | volume=197 | issue=1 | pages=17–29 | doi=10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z}}</ref>{{rp|18}} [[Halijoto]] kwenye kilele ina wastani ya [[sentigredi]] -7 yaani [[jalidi]]. Halijoto juu ya ngao ya [[barafu]] upande wa kaskazini wakati wa usiku huwa na wastani wa sentigredi -9 na wakati wa mchana -4. Viwango vya chini vya -15 hadi -27 vimepimiwa pia.<ref name="SinghSingh2011">{{cite book | author1=Vijay P. Singh | author2=Pratap Singh | author3=Umesh K. Haritashya | title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA673 | date=1 July 2011 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=978-90-481-2641-5}}</ref>{{rp|674}} [[Usimbishaji]] wa theluji unaweza kutokea wakati wowote lakini kwa kawaida hutokea Zaidi wakati wa majira ya mvua. (Novemba–Desemba na Machi–Mei).<ref name="SinghSingh2011"/>{{rp|673}} Usimbishaji wote kwenye kilele ni hasa theluji au mchnganyiko wa tehluji na mvua kwenye kiwango cha milimita 250 hadi 500 kwa mwaka na kuvukiza haraka.<ref name="TraceElements"/> ==Barafu na barafuto== [[File:Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro-1993.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Theluji]] na barafu katika kilele cha mlima Kilimanjaro, 1993.]] Mlima Kilimanjaro hujulikana kuwa kuwa ni mlima wa Afrika mwenye kofia ya [[barafu]] ya kudumu. Pamoja na Kilimanjaro kuna sehemu mbili nyingine tu barani Afrika, ni [[Ruwenzori]] na [[Mlima Kenya]]. Lakini kiasi cha barafu imepungua kwa kipindi cha zaidi ya miaka 100. Mwingereza P.C. Spink aliona mwaka 1944 ya kwamba barafu ilipungua sana kulingana na taarifa aliyojua kutoka mpandaji wa kwanza Hans Meyer. Baina 1912 eneo la ngao ya barafu limepungua kutoka [[kilomita za mraba]] 12 hadi 1.85 km² kwenye mwaka 2009. Hii inalingana na kupunguzwa [[asilimia]] 85%. Sababu kuu ya mabadiliko haya ni kupungukiwa kwa kiwango cha [[usimbishaji]] katika mazingira ya mlima tangu mwisho wa karne ya 19. Maana Kilimanjaro ni mlima wa juu vile ya kwamba mvua wote (pamoja na ukungu na usimbishaji mwingine) unaofika kwenye kilele chake utaganda na kuwa theluji. Theluji inayokaa muda mrefu tena katika ganda nene itakuwa barafu. Lakini wakati uleule mishale ya jua zinasababisha kupotea kwa theluji na barafu kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa jumla kuongezeka au kupungukiwa kwa barafu kwenye kimo hiki ni swali la kiasi cha mvua na usimbishaji mwingine zinazofika hapa. Leo hii kuna barafuto kwenye Kibo pekee pamoja na mabaki ya ngao ya barafu kwenye tambarare ya kilele na kwenye mitelemko ya Kibo. <ref>Brian Vastag: ''The melting snows of Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' 2009, {{DOI|10.1038/news.2009.1055}}.</ref><ref>Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy u.&nbsp;a.: ''Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: observations and facts.'' In: ''International Journal of Climatology.'' 24, 2004, S.&nbsp;329, {{DOI|10.1002/joc.1008}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Solar-radiation-maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice-radiation geometry modeling.'' In: ''[[Journal of Geophysical Research]].'' 108, 2003, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD003546}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Ablation and associated energy balance of a horizontal glacier surface on Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''Journal of Geophysical Research.'' 109, 2004, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD004338}}.</ref><ref>N. J. Cullen, P. Sirguey, T. Mölg, G. Kaser, M. Winkler, S. J. Fitzsimons: ''A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded.'' The Cryosphere Discuss., 2012, 6, 4233-4265, {{doi|10.5194/tcd-6-4233-2012}}.</ref> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1788958?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Hii ngao ya barafu bado iko kwa sababu Kilimanjaro ni mlima usio na vilele vikali unaofika juu ya kimo cha mstari wa jeledi. Kasoko ya Kibo imepita na kukata ngao hiyo. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>{{rp|5}} Siku hizi hakuna miendo ya maana inayoonekana kwenye barafuto za kilele kwa sababu unene wao imepungua mno..<ref name="TraceElements"/> Utafiti wa kijiolojia umeonyesha ya kwamba kulikuwa na vipindi vitano vya upanuzi wa barafuto katika miaka 500,000 iliyopita vilivyofuatwa na vipindi vya kupungua. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bryan_Mark/publication/227643102_Quaternary_glaciation_in_Africa_key_chronologies_and_climatic_implications/links/00b7d52d451e477c9b000000.pdf | title=Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications | author=Bryan G. Mark and Henry A. Osmaston | journal=Journal of Quaternary Science | year=2008 | volume=23 | pages=589–608 | doi=10.1002/jqs.1222}}</ref> Ngao ya barafu mfululizo ilifunika mlima wote hadi kimo cha mita 3,200 miaka 24,000 – 25,000 iliyopita wakati [[barafuto]] kote duniani zilienea sana. <ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East"/> Kuna dalili ya kwamba barafu yote mlimani iliwahi kupotea kabisa takriban miaka 11,500 iliyopita kutokana na ukame dunaini wakati ule.<ref name="TraceElements">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natalie_Kehrwald/publication/261331494_Deglaciated_areas_of_Kilimanjaro_as_a_source_of_volcanic_trace_elements_deposited_on_the_ice_cap_during_the_late_Holocene/links/0f317533e6b1d43308000000.pdf | title=Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene | author=P. Gabrielli, D. R. Hardy, N. Kehrwald, M. Davis, G. Cozzi, C. Turetta, C. Barbante, L. G. Thompson | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2014 | volume=93 | issue=1 | pages=1–10 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007}}</ref> Kuongezeka kwa usimbishaji wakati wa [[Holoseni]] (miaka 11,500 iliyopita) kumeruhusu kurudi kwa barafu mlimani. <ref name="TraceElements"/> barafuto ziliweza kudumisha kipindi cha ukame miaka 4,000 iliyopita. <ref name="TraceElements"/><ref name="unabated">{{cite journal | author=L. G. Thompson, H. H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, D. R. Hardy, B. G. Mark | title=Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated | journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] | volume=106 | issue=47 | pages=19770–5 | year=2009 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0906029106 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | access-date=2016-04-01 | archive-date=2021-02-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208123238/https://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Wakati wa kutembelewa mara ya kwanza katika miaka ya 1880, kilele cha Kibo kilifunikwa kabisa kwa ngao ya barafu yenye eneo la kilomita za mraba 20 hivi na mikondo ya [[barafuto]] iliendelea wenye mitelemko ya kando. Isipokuwa pia ya kati, kaldera yote ilifunikwa na barafu.<ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East">{{cite web | last=Young | first=James A. T. | title=Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/africa.pdf | work=U.S. Geological Professional Survey | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior | pages=G61, G58, G59 G62 | accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> [[File:Kilimanjaro-1938-uwm.png|thumb|300px|Kilele cha Kibo kilivyoonekana kutoka angani mwaka 1938.]] Imetazamiwa ya kwamba barafuto kwenye mitelemko ilirudi nyuma haraka kuanzia 1912 hadi 1953, na polepole zaidi tangu wakati ule. Inaendelea kupungua nah ii inaonyesha ya kwamba bado hakuna uwiano kati ya kiasi cha mvua kinachofika kwenye kilele na uvukizaji nah ii inaonyesha mabadiliko ya tabianachi yanayoendelea. <ref name="Kaser"/> Pamoja na kufunika eneo dogo zaidi, yaani kujikaza, barafuto pia zimepungua unene kutokana na kuyeyuka na uvukizaji. <ref name="unabated"/><ref name="TraceElements"/> Mabadiliko haya kwenye barafuto za Kilimanjaro zinalingana na mabadiliko yanayoonekana kwenye barafuto kote duniani. <ref name="unabated"/> At the current rate, most of the ice on Kilimanjaro will disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".{{rp|430}} Kama barafu juu ya Kilimanjaro ingepotea kabisa hii isingekuwa tatizo kubwa kwa maji yanayopatikana katika maeneo yanayozunguka mlima. Kiasi cha barafu juu ya mlima ni kidogo sana kuliko kiasi cha maji yanayohifadhiwa na misitu kwenye mitelemko ya mlima chini zaidi. Misitu hii ni chanzo cha maji yanayotiririke chini katika mito na vijito vya mlima mkubwa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://lindseynicholson.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Moelg-et-al.-2013.pdf | title=East African glacier loss and climate change: Corrections to the UNEP article ‘‘Africa without ice and snow’’ | author=Georg Kaser, Thomas Mölg, Nicolas J. Cullen, Douglas R. Hardy, Michael Winkler, Rainer Prinz, and Lindsey Nicholson | volume=6 | pages=1–6}}</ref> ==Uoto== Kuna [[misitu]] asilia zinazofunika takriban kilomita ya mraba 1,000 kwenze mlima<ref name="PlantEcology">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227311322_Continuum_or_zonation_Altitudinal_gradients_in_the_forest_vegetation_of_Mt._Kilimanjaro/links/543b57b60cf24a6ddb976f7e.pdf | title=Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2006 | volume=184 | issue=1 | pages=27–42 | doi=10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4}}</ref> . Sehemu ya chini hulimwa kwa kupanda [[mahindi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[alizeti]], pia [[ngano]] upande wa magharibi. Kuna mabaki ya uoto wa [[savana]] ya awali yenye miti kama ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Combretum]]'', ''[[Terminalia]]'' na ''[[Grewia]]''. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu zaidi. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu Zaidi. Kwenye mitelemko ya kusini penye mvua nyingi kuna misitu ya mvua yenye miti aina ya ''[[Ocotea usambarensis]]'' pamoja na [[kangaga]] na [[epipythi]]. Juu zaidi penye ukungu wa kudumu kuna ''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]'', ''[[Hagenia abyssinica]]'' na ''[[Erica excelsa]]'' pamoja na [[kuvumwani]]. Upande wa kaskazini ulio kavu zaidi pana misitu ya [[mizeituni]], ''[[Croton (plant)|Croton]]''-''[[Mlungu-mbago]]'' (Calodendrum), ''[[Cassipourea]]'' (Mugome na Msikundazi) na ''[[Juniperus]]'' (Mtarakwa) kadri kimo kinaongezeka. Juu zaidi kati ya mita 3,100 na 3,900 hufuata kanda la vichaka vya ''[[Erica]]'' ([[mdamba]]) na juu yake kunamajanimajani tu kama ''[[Helichrysum]]'' hadi mita 4500.<ref name="PlantEcology2"/><ref>{{cite book | author1=L. A. Bruijnzeel | author2=F. N. Scatena | author3=L. S. Hamilton | title=Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N6FkwMnSX8EC&pg=PA134 | date=6 January 2011 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-1-139-49455-7 | pages=136}}</ref> Utafiti kwenye kasoko ya Maundi kwenye kimo cha mita 2780 umeonyesha ya kwamba uoto wa Kilimanjaro ulibadilika katika mwendo wa karne na milenia. Wakati wa baridi kwenye enzi ya barafu miaka 42,000 – 30,000 iliyopita misitu ilishuka chini na kanda la mdamba lilitokea takriban mita 1,500 chini ya hali yake ya sasa..<ref name="MaundiCrater"/> ==Wanyama== Hakuna wanyama wakubwa wengi waliobaki mlimani. Wanapatikana hasa kwenye misitu na sehemu za chini mlimani. [[Tembo]] na [[nyati wa Afrika|nyati]] wanaweza kuwa na hatari kwa watalii wanaopanda mlima na pia kwa wakulima. [[Pongo]], [[vinyonga]], [[digidigi]], [[Paa (Bovidae)|paa]], [[Nguchiro]], nyani mbalimbali kama [[mbega]], [[komba]], [[chui]], [[Chozi (ndege)|chozi]] na [[ngiri]] wametazamiwa pia. [[Punda milia]] na [[fisi]] wanapatikana mara chache kweye tambarare juu ya Shira.<ref>{{cite book | author=Cameron M. Burns | title=Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bwZfkrl2ygQC&pg=PA7 | year=2006 | publisher=The Mountaineers Books | isbn=978-0-89886-604-9 | page=50}}</ref> Kuna spishi chache zinazopatikana Kilimanjaro pekee hizi ni pamoja na “[[Kirukanjia (mamalia)|kirukanjia]] wa Kilimanjaro”<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 | title=Crocidura monax | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | accessdate=August 15, 2015 | archivedate=2016-04-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424202247/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 }}</ref> na spishi ya kinyonga kinachoitwa [[Kinyongia tavetana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Kinyongia&species=tavetana | title=Kinyongia tavetana (STEINDACHNER, 1891) | publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg | work=The Reptile Database | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya volkeno nchini Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima]] {{Vilele saba vya mabara}} ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Category:Kilimanjaro}} * [http:////www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http:////www.easytravelgear.com/hiking-in-africa/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3054 NASA Earth Explorer page] * [http://www.mountain-forecast.com/peaks/Mount-Kilimanjaro/forecasts/5963 Weather forecase for Mount Kilimanjaro (19,565 feet)] * [http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm Glacial Recession on Kilimanjaro (pictures of southern icefields)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm |date=20110215100701 }} * [http://www.kilicam.com Mount Kilimanjaro live webcam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141107022451/http://www.ewpnet.com/kilimanjaro/flora/index.htm Kilimanjaro flora picture gallery] * [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm/search/collection/agsafrica/searchterm/Kilimanjaro%20%28mountain%29/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/cosuppress/ Aerial photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro, 1937-38] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7919100.stm How hard is it to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?] *[http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf Field Guide to the Moist Forest Trees of Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf |date=20100621062907 }} Jon C. Lovett, Chris K. Ruffo & Roy E. Gereau, Miti ya milima ya Tanzania {{DEFAULTSORT:Kilimanjaro}} [[Jamii:Milima ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Milima ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Afrocine 2019-Tanzania]] i2t7ni3qwy95a7kubphqxawea2m98l6 1594509 1594508 2026-09-04T23:13:44Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Der-Kilimandscharo.jpg|thumb|Kilimanjaro mnamo 1911]] [[Picha:ETH-BIB-Blick ins Kraterloch des Kibo aus 6500 m Höhe-Kilimanjaroflug 1929-30-LBS MH02-07-0119.tif|thumb|Picha ya kwanza ya angani ya Kibo iliyochukuliwa na Walter Mittelholzer mnamo 1929]] [[Picha:Elephants at Amboseli national park against Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|Tembo kwenye Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Amboseli dhidi ya Mlima Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Moshi panorama edit1.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro kama unavyoonekana kutoka manispaa ya Moshi katika Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 3D - version 1.gif|thumb|mfano wa kilele cha mlima kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 2006-08-13.JPG|thumb|250px|Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyoonekana kutoka [[Moshi (mji)|Moshi]]]] [[Picha:Kibo summit of Mt Kilimanjaro 001.JPG|thumb|250px|Kilele cha Kibo kwenye mlima Kilimanjaro]] '''Kilimanjaro''' ni [[jina]] la [[mlima]] mrefu kuliko yote [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]]. Mlima huo uko nchini [[Tanzania]] katika [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]. Una [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,895 ([[futi]] 19,340). Hali halisi Kilimanjaro ni zaidi ya mlima tu, ni kama [[Safu ya milima|safu ndogo ya milima]] mitatu: Kibo, Mawenzi na Shira. Hiyo mitatu inaonekana kama vilele vitatu vya mlima mmoja, hivyo si vibaya kusema Kilimanjaro ni mlima. [[Jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Kilimanjaro ni [[volkeno]] iliyolala kwa sasa. Kwenye [[kilele]] cha [[Kibo]] [[gesi]] bado inatoka. Kumbukumbu ya wenyeji ina habari ya [[mlipuko]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1730]]. Kilele cha juu cha Kibo kinaitwa [[Uhuru]]. Mtu wa kwanza kufika kileleni hapo alikuwa [[Johannes Kinyala Lauwo]] kutoka [[Marangu]] aliyewaongoza [[Wajerumani]] [[Hans Meyer]] na [[Ludwig Purtscheller]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Ujerumani]]. Wakati ule waliita ncha ya juu "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ''(kwa [[Kijerumani]]: Kilele cha Kaisari Wilhelm)'' kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Kibo ina [[theluji]] na [[barafuto]] ndogo kadhaa. ==Jina== [[File:German East Africa MKL Bd. 14 1890 (128624470).jpg|thumb|350px|Ramani ya 1890 inayoonyesha jina "''Kilima-Ndscharo''" katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]].]] [[Asili]] ya jina "Kilimanjaro" haijulikani kikamilifu. Vyanzo vya kimaandishi vinajulikana tangu takriban mwaka [[1860]] ambapo [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] walitumia jina hilo katika taarifa zao wakidai "Kilimanjaro" ni jina la [[Kiswahili]].<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=255}}</ref> Pamoja na umbo hili kulikuwa pia na tahajia ya sehemu mbili ama "Kilima-Njaro"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://words.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/k/kilima-njaro.html | title=Kilima-Njaro | publisher=fromoldbooks.org | work=1907 Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | date=1907 | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=James Wood}}</ref> au kwa namna ya Kijerumani “Kilima-Ndscharo”. [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] aliandika mnamo [[1860]] kuwa [[Waswahili]] kwenye [[pwani]] waliita mlima huo "Kilimanjaro". Alisema pia ya kwamba hao Waswahili walieleza maana yake kuwa ama “mlima mkubwa” au “mlima wa misafara” ingawa mwenyewe hakukubali maelezo hayo. Kwa elezo la mwisho "Kilima" kilimaanisha "mlima" na "Jaro" labda "misafara".<ref name="Krapf"/> [[Jim Thompson]] aliandika mnamo [[1885]] kuwa jina Kilima-Njaro lilichukuliwa mara nyingi kuwa na maana ya "mlima mkubwa" lakini mwenyewe alipendelea maelezo tofauti yaliyosema "mlima mweupe". <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9PETAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa'', authored by Johann Ludwig Krapf and Ernest George Ravenstein, Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, London, 1887]</ref> "Njaro" ni Kiswahili cha Zamani kwa "ng’ara".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/tanzania.htm#PIA03355 | title=Perspective with Landsat Overlay | publisher=California Institute of Technology | work=SRTM TANZANIA IMAGES | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Vivyo hivyo [[Krapf]] aliandika ya kwamba aliwahi kuwatembela [[Wakamba]] mnamo [[1849]] walioita mlima “Kima jaJeu” yaani mlima mweupe <ref>{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=544}}</ref> Leo hii Wakamba wangesema “Kiima Kyeu” na elezo hili limekubaliwa na [[watafiti]] mbalimbali. Wengine huona ya kwamba ni Wazungu wasiojua Kiswahili vema waliochanganya “mlima” na “Kilima”. Wengine wamejaribu kuona msingi wa jina katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kichagga]]. Hapo wanadai uwezekano kuwa "Kileman" limetokana na [[neno]] la Kichagga "kileme" linalomaanisha “kinachoshinda” au neno "kilelema" linalomaanisha "kilichokuwa vigumu, kilichoshindikana". Katika hoja hiyo "Jaro" imetokana na Kichagga “njaare” (aina ya [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]], au kufuatana na wengine [[chui]]) au kutoka neno “jyaro” ([[msafara]]). Elezo lingine ni kwamba [[Wachagga]] walisema mlima huo hauwezi kupandwa "kilemanjaare" au "kilemajyaro" na [[wapagazi]] au wafasiri kutoka pwani waliichukua kuwa jina la mlima na kutafsiri vile kwa Wazungu. Tangu [[miaka ya 1880]] mlima umekuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ukaitwa "Kilima-Ndscharo" kwa Kijerumani.<ref>Briggs, Philip (1996): "Guide to Tanzania; 2nd edition." Bradt Guides.</ref> Tarehe [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] [[Hans Meyer]] alikuwa mtu wa kwanza anayejulikana kupanda mlima na kufika hadi kilele cha Kibo. Alichagua jina la "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ("Ncha ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm II|Kaisari Wilhelm]]"<ref> Haieleweki kama alitoa jina kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm I]] (aliyeunganisha Ujerumani) au [[Mwana|mwanawe]] [[Kaisari Wilhelm II]] (aliyekuwa [[mtawala]] tangu mwaka [[1888]] tu)</ref>).<ref>{{cite conference | url=http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf | title=GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I | publisher=University of Technology Darmstadt | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Demhardt, I.J.}}</ref> Jina hilo lilitumika hadi [[Tanzania]] ilipoundwa mwaka [[1964]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_nov-dec-1945_106_5-6/page/n72 | author=P. C. Spink | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1945 | volume=106 | issue=5-6 | pages=213 | doi=10.2307/1788958 | jstor=1788958}}</ref> na kilele kubadilishiwa jina kuwa "Uhuru", likiwa na maana ya "Kilele cha Uhuru" <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1965_files/AJ%201965%20320-330%20Dangar%20Alpine%20Notes.pdf | title=Dangar Alpine Notes | author=D. F. O. Dangar | journal=The Alpine Journal | year=1965 | volume=70 | issue=310-311 | pages=328}}</ref> ==Jiolojia ya mlima na tabia za kijiografia== Kilimanjaro inapanda hadi mita 4877 juu ya [[tambarare]] karibu na [[Moshi (mji)|mji wa Moshi]] uliopo miguuni pake. Hii inafanya kilele chake kuwa mita 5895 juu ya [[uwiano wa bahari]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/403 | title=Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | work=World Heritage List | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Kilimanjaro ni volkeno ya [[rusu]] iliyojengwa na rusu za [[majivu]], [[zaha]] na [[mata]] nyingine. Ni volkeno ndefu kuliko zote [[duniani]] nje ya [[Amerika Kusini]]. <ref name="HighVolc">{{cite web | url=http://www.volcanolive.com/kilimanjaro.html | title=Mt Kilimanjaro Volcano | publisher=Volcano Live - John Seach | accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> Vilele vitatu vya kivolkeno juu ya Kilimanjaro ni * Kibo iliyo juu zaidi * Mawenzi yenye [[kimo]] cha mita 5149<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 | title=Mawenzi | publisher=Interactive Outdoors, Inc | work=Peakware | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192427/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 }}</ref> * Shira yenye urefu wa mita 4005.<ref name="Kaser">{{cite journal | url=https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/tanzania/pubs/cullen_etal_2006_grl.pdf | title=Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates | author=Nicolas J. Cullen, Thomas Mölg, Georg Kaser, Khalid Hussein, Konrad Steffen, and Douglas R. Hardy | journal=Geophysical Research Letters | year=2006 | volume=33 | issue=16 | doi=10.1029/2006GL027084 | format=PDF | bibcode=2006GeoRL..3316502C}}</ref> Vyote vitatu vina [[kasoko]]. Mawenzi na Shira ni [[volkeno zimwe]] lakini Kibo ni volkeno iliyolala, ila inaweza kuwaka tena. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe">{{cite journal | author1=Nonnotte, Philippe | author2=Hervé Guillou | author3 = Bernard Le Gall | author4 = Mathieu Benoit | author5 = Joseph Cotten | author6 = Stéphane Scaillet | title=New K-Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa | journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research | year=2008 | volume=173 | issue=1-2 | pages=99–112 | accessdate=29 July 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042 | url=http://hal.univ-brest.fr/file/index/docid/304458/filename/Nonnotte_et_al.J.Volc.Geoth.Res-08.pdf}}</ref> Uhuru ni sehemu ya juu kwenye ukingo wa [[kasoko]] ya Kibo. [[Taasisi]] ya [[Tanzania National Parks Authority]] <ref name="TNP">{{cite web | url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | title=Mount Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=Tanzania National Parks | work=Tanzania National Parks | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2012-09-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | =https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html }}</ref> na [[UNESCO]] zinataja [[kimo]] cha Uhuru Peak kuwa mita 5895. Kimo hicho kimetokana na [[upimaji]] uliofanyika wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1952]]. <ref name="Digital">{{cite web | url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1142/paper12.pdf | title=The New Digital Orthometric Elevation Model of Kilimanjaro | publisher=CEUR Workshop Proceedings | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen and Jorge Filipe Dos Santos}}</ref> Tangu upimaji ule kimo cha mlima kimepimwa tena: kinaonyesha kuwa mlima unapungua polepole. Kipimo kilikuwa mita 5892 mwaka [[1999]] na mita 5891 mwaka [[2014]].<ref name="Digital"/> Muundo wa ndani wa Kilimanjaro haujulikani sana kwa sababu hadi sasa haujatokea [[mmomonyoko]] mkubwa unaoweza kufunua ndani yake.<ref name="Preliminary">{{cite journal | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4713936&fileId=S0016756800066590 | title=Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro | author=W. H. Wilcockson | journal=Geological Magazine | year=1956 | volume=93 | issue=3 | pages=218–228 | doi=10.1017/S0016756800066590}}</ref> ===Shira=== Kilele cha kale zaidi ni Shira iliyoanza kutema moto takriban miaka milioni 2.5 iliyopita ikaacha miaka milioni 1.9 iliyopita. Wakati ule upande wa kaskazini wa mzingo wa kasoko ulipinduka. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Leo hii Shira ina tambarare pana kwenye kilele chake kwenye kimo cha mita 3800; inawezekana hii kiasili ilikuwa [[kaldera]] iliyojaa lava. Mabaki ya mzingo wa kaldera yamepungua sana kutokana na mmomonyoko. Kabla ya kutoa moto na kutokea kwa mmomonyoko kimo cha Shira kilikuwa kati ya mita 4,900 na 5,200. Mata yake ni hasa lava pamoja na kiasi cha [[piroklasti]]. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson">{{cite book | author=John Barry Dawson | title=The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Om2oMjXK3R4C&pg=PA56|year=2008|publisher=Geological Society of London | isbn=978-1-86239-267-0|page=56}}</ref> ===Mawenzi=== Mawenzi na Kibo zilianza kulipuka (kutoa moto) takriban miaka milioni iliyopita.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Zimetengwa na tambarare ( "Saddle Plateau") kwenye kimo cha mita 4400.<ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro">{{cite journal | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1780513?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents | title=An Ascent of Kilimanjaro | author=C. Gillman | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1923 | volume=61 | issue=1 | doi=10.2307/1780513 | registration=yes | jstor=10.2307/1780513 | pages=1–21}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Miamba ya kijana kwenye Mawenzi ilitokea miaka 448,000 iliyopita. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Mawenzi huwa na [[mgongo]] wenye [[umbo]] la [[kiatu]] cha [[farasi]] mwenye [[ncha]] kali na kufunguka upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Mgongo unakatwa na [[Bonde|mabonde]] kadhaa na upande wa mashariki wa mlima umepungua kutokana na mmomonyoko. Mawenzi huwa na kilele cha pili kinachojulikana kwa jina la “Neumann Tower” chenye mita 4425.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> ===Kibo=== Kibo ni [[pia]] ya kivolkeno yenye kimo kirefu ikiwa na [[upana]] wa kilomita 15 kwenye "Saddle Plateau". Ililipuka mara ya mwisho miaka 150,000 na 200,000 iliyopita na [[mlipuko wa volkeno|mlipuko]] huo ulifanya kasoko kwenye kilele cha Kibo cha sasa. Hadi leo gesi inatoka kwenye [[Shimo|mashimo]] ardhini.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> Kibo huwa na pia kwenye kilele chake chenye [[umbo]] kamili. Kuna [[kaldera]] yenye upana wa kilomita 2.5 na ndani yake pia iko kasoko ya Reusch. Jina hilo lilitolewa na [[serikali]] ya [[Tanganyika]] mwaka [[1954]] kwa heshima ya Mjerumani [[Gustav Otto Richard Reusch]] alipopanda mlima mara ya 25. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 | title=Gustav Otto Richard Reusch | publisher=The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University | work=Biographies | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2015-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024111716/http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Richard Leider | title=The Power of Purpose: Find Meaning, Live Longer, Better | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_s4B9LI7BX0C&pg=PA12 | date=10 May 2010 | publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-60509-527-1 | page=12}}</ref> Ndani ya kasoko ya Reusch kuna shimo refu linalojulikana kwa jina la “ash pit” (shimo la majivu).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/kilimanjaro | title=Kilimanjaro | publisher=Oregon State University | work=Volcano World | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Wakati wa mlipuko wa mwisho uliotokea miaka 100,000 iliyopita sehemu za mzingo wa kasoko ziliporomoka na kuacha pengo kubwa. <ref>{{cite book | author=Alex Stewart | title=Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa' | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=28N6F2wBSM8C&pg=PA97 | date=23 April 2012 | publisher=Cicerone Press Limited | isbn=978-1-84965-622-1 | page=100}}</ref> Kibo huwa na pia za kando zaidi ya 250 ambazo ni mashimo ambako gesi, [[zaha]] na [[piroklasti]] zilitoka kwenye pande za mlima wakati wa kuwa [[volkeno hai]]. Zilitokea miaka 150,000 hadi 200,000 iliyopita <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/>. Zinapatikana hadi [[Ziwa Chala]] na [[Taita-Taveta County|Taveta]] upande wa kusini-mashariki na hadi [[Lengurumani]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Zaha iliyotoka katika pia hizo za kando ilifunika sehemu kubwa ya pande za mlima. [[Wamaasai]] wana kumbukumbu ya kuwa [[Ziwa Chala]] upande wa mashariki wa Kibo lilikuwa mahali pa [[kijiji]] kimoja kilichoharibika na mlipuko wa volkeno. [[Maji]] yatoka mlimani kwa njia ya [[mito]] na [[kijito|vijito]] hasa upande wa kusini unaopokea [[mvua]] zaidi hasa juu ya mita 1200. Chini ya kimo hicho maji kwenye [[mito]] inapungua kutokana na mvukizo na matumizi ya [[binadamu]]. Mito ya [[Lumi (mto) |Lumi]] na [[Pangani (mto)|Pangani]] inabeba maji ya Kilimanjaro kuelekea mashariki na kusini. <ref>{{cite book | author=William Dubois Newmark | title=The Conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0Is9h1vm90AC&pg=PA22 | year=1991 | publisher=IUCN | isbn=978-2-8317-0070-0 | pages=105–106}}</ref> [[File:Mount Kilimanjaro peeking through the clouds.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro ukitokea kati ya mawingu.]] ==Tabianchi== [[Tabianchi]] ya Kilimanjaro inaathiriwa na kimo cha mlima kinachoruhusu kufika kwa [[upepo]] kutoka [[bahari]] wenye [[unyevu]] mwingi na wakati mmoja pia upepo za juu sana. Tabia nyingine ni hali yake ya kuwa mlima wa juu sana peke yake bila jirani ya karibu sana. Mlima huwa na mfumo wa upepo ambako [[mchana]] upepo unaelekea juu na wakati wa [[usiku]] kuna upepo unaotelemka kutoka juu. Hii inatokea zaidi upande wa kusini kuliko upande wa kaskazini kwa sababu tako la mlima ni pana zaidi upande wa kusini na mitelemko yake inaelekea zaidi hivyo kuathiri tabianchi zaidi. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>. Kilimanjaro huwa na [[majira]] mawili ya mvua, moja ya [[Machi]] hadi [[Mei]] na nyingine mnamo mwezi wa [[Novemba]]. Mitelemko ya kaskazini hupokea mvua chache kulingana na mitelemko ya kusini.<ref name="PlantEcology"/> Sehemu za chini za mtelemko wa kusini hupokea [[milimita]] za [[mvua]] 800 – 900 kwa mwaka. Kiwango hiki kinaongezeka kwa milimita 1,500 hadi 2,000 kwenye kimo cha mita 1,500 na hadi juu ya milimita 3,000 kwenye ukanda wa msitu kwa mita 2,000 hadi 2,300. Juu zaidi [[usimbishaji]] unapungua tena hadi milimita 200.<ref name="PlantEcology2">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227232425_Introduced_plants_on_Kilimanjaro_tourism_and_its_impact/links/0a85e53be4703e41aa000000.pdf | title=Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: tourism and its impact | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2007 | volume=197 | issue=1 | pages=17–29 | doi=10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z}}</ref>{{rp|18}} [[Halijoto]] kwenye kilele ina wastani ya [[sentigredi]] -7 yaani [[jalidi]]. Halijoto juu ya ngao ya [[barafu]] upande wa kaskazini wakati wa usiku huwa na wastani wa sentigredi -9 na wakati wa mchana -4. Viwango vya chini vya -15 hadi -27 vimepimiwa pia.<ref name="SinghSingh2011">{{cite book | author1=Vijay P. Singh | author2=Pratap Singh | author3=Umesh K. Haritashya | title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA673 | date=1 July 2011 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=978-90-481-2641-5}}</ref>{{rp|674}} [[Usimbishaji]] wa theluji unaweza kutokea wakati wowote lakini kwa kawaida hutokea Zaidi wakati wa majira ya mvua. (Novemba–Desemba na Machi–Mei).<ref name="SinghSingh2011"/>{{rp|673}} Usimbishaji wote kwenye kilele ni hasa theluji au mchnganyiko wa tehluji na mvua kwenye kiwango cha milimita 250 hadi 500 kwa mwaka na kuvukiza haraka.<ref name="TraceElements"/> ==Barafu na barafuto== [[File:Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro-1993.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Theluji]] na barafu katika kilele cha mlima Kilimanjaro, 1993.]] Mlima Kilimanjaro hujulikana kuwa kuwa ni mlima wa Afrika mwenye kofia ya [[barafu]] ya kudumu. Pamoja na Kilimanjaro kuna sehemu mbili nyingine tu barani Afrika, ni [[Ruwenzori]] na [[Mlima Kenya]]. Lakini kiasi cha barafu imepungua kwa kipindi cha zaidi ya miaka 100. Mwingereza P.C. Spink aliona mwaka 1944 ya kwamba barafu ilipungua sana kulingana na taarifa aliyojua kutoka mpandaji wa kwanza Hans Meyer. Baina 1912 eneo la ngao ya barafu limepungua kutoka [[kilomita za mraba]] 12 hadi 1.85 km² kwenye mwaka 2009. Hii inalingana na kupunguzwa [[asilimia]] 85%. Sababu kuu ya mabadiliko haya ni kupungukiwa kwa kiwango cha [[usimbishaji]] katika mazingira ya mlima tangu mwisho wa karne ya 19. Maana Kilimanjaro ni mlima wa juu vile ya kwamba mvua wote (pamoja na ukungu na usimbishaji mwingine) unaofika kwenye kilele chake utaganda na kuwa theluji. Theluji inayokaa muda mrefu tena katika ganda nene itakuwa barafu. Lakini wakati uleule mishale ya jua zinasababisha kupotea kwa theluji na barafu kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa jumla kuongezeka au kupungukiwa kwa barafu kwenye kimo hiki ni swali la kiasi cha mvua na usimbishaji mwingine zinazofika hapa. Leo hii kuna barafuto kwenye Kibo pekee pamoja na mabaki ya ngao ya barafu kwenye tambarare ya kilele na kwenye mitelemko ya Kibo. <ref>Brian Vastag: ''The melting snows of Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' 2009, {{DOI|10.1038/news.2009.1055}}.</ref><ref>Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy u.&nbsp;a.: ''Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: observations and facts.'' In: ''International Journal of Climatology.'' 24, 2004, S.&nbsp;329, {{DOI|10.1002/joc.1008}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Solar-radiation-maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice-radiation geometry modeling.'' In: ''[[Journal of Geophysical Research]].'' 108, 2003, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD003546}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Ablation and associated energy balance of a horizontal glacier surface on Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''Journal of Geophysical Research.'' 109, 2004, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD004338}}.</ref><ref>N. J. Cullen, P. Sirguey, T. Mölg, G. Kaser, M. Winkler, S. J. Fitzsimons: ''A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded.'' The Cryosphere Discuss., 2012, 6, 4233-4265, {{doi|10.5194/tcd-6-4233-2012}}.</ref> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1788958?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Hii ngao ya barafu bado iko kwa sababu Kilimanjaro ni mlima usio na vilele vikali unaofika juu ya kimo cha mstari wa jeledi. Kasoko ya Kibo imepita na kukata ngao hiyo. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>{{rp|5}} Siku hizi hakuna miendo ya maana inayoonekana kwenye barafuto za kilele kwa sababu unene wao imepungua mno..<ref name="TraceElements"/> Utafiti wa kijiolojia umeonyesha ya kwamba kulikuwa na vipindi vitano vya upanuzi wa barafuto katika miaka 500,000 iliyopita vilivyofuatwa na vipindi vya kupungua. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bryan_Mark/publication/227643102_Quaternary_glaciation_in_Africa_key_chronologies_and_climatic_implications/links/00b7d52d451e477c9b000000.pdf | title=Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications | author=Bryan G. Mark and Henry A. Osmaston | journal=Journal of Quaternary Science | year=2008 | volume=23 | pages=589–608 | doi=10.1002/jqs.1222}}</ref> Ngao ya barafu mfululizo ilifunika mlima wote hadi kimo cha mita 3,200 miaka 24,000 – 25,000 iliyopita wakati [[barafuto]] kote duniani zilienea sana. <ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East"/> Kuna dalili ya kwamba barafu yote mlimani iliwahi kupotea kabisa takriban miaka 11,500 iliyopita kutokana na ukame dunaini wakati ule.<ref name="TraceElements">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natalie_Kehrwald/publication/261331494_Deglaciated_areas_of_Kilimanjaro_as_a_source_of_volcanic_trace_elements_deposited_on_the_ice_cap_during_the_late_Holocene/links/0f317533e6b1d43308000000.pdf | title=Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene | author=P. Gabrielli, D. R. Hardy, N. Kehrwald, M. Davis, G. Cozzi, C. Turetta, C. Barbante, L. G. Thompson | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2014 | volume=93 | issue=1 | pages=1–10 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007}}</ref> Kuongezeka kwa usimbishaji wakati wa [[Holoseni]] (miaka 11,500 iliyopita) kumeruhusu kurudi kwa barafu mlimani. <ref name="TraceElements"/> barafuto ziliweza kudumisha kipindi cha ukame miaka 4,000 iliyopita. <ref name="TraceElements"/><ref name="unabated">{{cite journal | author=L. G. Thompson, H. H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, D. R. Hardy, B. G. Mark | title=Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated | journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] | volume=106 | issue=47 | pages=19770–5 | year=2009 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0906029106 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | access-date=2016-04-01 | archive-date=2021-02-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208123238/https://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Wakati wa kutembelewa mara ya kwanza katika miaka ya 1880, kilele cha Kibo kilifunikwa kabisa kwa ngao ya barafu yenye eneo la kilomita za mraba 20 hivi na mikondo ya [[barafuto]] iliendelea wenye mitelemko ya kando. Isipokuwa pia ya kati, kaldera yote ilifunikwa na barafu.<ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East">{{cite web | last=Young | first=James A. T. | title=Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/africa.pdf | work=U.S. Geological Professional Survey | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior | pages=G61, G58, G59 G62 | accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> [[File:Kilimanjaro-1938-uwm.png|thumb|300px|Kilele cha Kibo kilivyoonekana kutoka angani mwaka 1938.]] Imetazamiwa ya kwamba barafuto kwenye mitelemko ilirudi nyuma haraka kuanzia 1912 hadi 1953, na polepole zaidi tangu wakati ule. Inaendelea kupungua nah ii inaonyesha ya kwamba bado hakuna uwiano kati ya kiasi cha mvua kinachofika kwenye kilele na uvukizaji nah ii inaonyesha mabadiliko ya tabianachi yanayoendelea. <ref name="Kaser"/> Pamoja na kufunika eneo dogo zaidi, yaani kujikaza, barafuto pia zimepungua unene kutokana na kuyeyuka na uvukizaji. <ref name="unabated"/><ref name="TraceElements"/> Mabadiliko haya kwenye barafuto za Kilimanjaro zinalingana na mabadiliko yanayoonekana kwenye barafuto kote duniani. <ref name="unabated"/> At the current rate, most of the ice on Kilimanjaro will disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".{{rp|430}} Kama barafu juu ya Kilimanjaro ingepotea kabisa hii isingekuwa tatizo kubwa kwa maji yanayopatikana katika maeneo yanayozunguka mlima. Kiasi cha barafu juu ya mlima ni kidogo sana kuliko kiasi cha maji yanayohifadhiwa na misitu kwenye mitelemko ya mlima chini zaidi. Misitu hii ni chanzo cha maji yanayotiririke chini katika mito na vijito vya mlima mkubwa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://lindseynicholson.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Moelg-et-al.-2013.pdf | title=East African glacier loss and climate change: Corrections to the UNEP article ‘‘Africa without ice and snow’’ | author=Georg Kaser, Thomas Mölg, Nicolas J. Cullen, Douglas R. Hardy, Michael Winkler, Rainer Prinz, and Lindsey Nicholson | volume=6 | pages=1–6}}</ref> ==Uoto== Kuna [[misitu]] asilia zinazofunika takriban kilomita ya mraba 1,000 kwenze mlima<ref name="PlantEcology">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227311322_Continuum_or_zonation_Altitudinal_gradients_in_the_forest_vegetation_of_Mt._Kilimanjaro/links/543b57b60cf24a6ddb976f7e.pdf | title=Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2006 | volume=184 | issue=1 | pages=27–42 | doi=10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4}}</ref> . Sehemu ya chini hulimwa kwa kupanda [[mahindi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[alizeti]], pia [[ngano]] upande wa magharibi. Kuna mabaki ya uoto wa [[savana]] ya awali yenye miti kama ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Combretum]]'', ''[[Terminalia]]'' na ''[[Grewia]]''. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu zaidi. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu Zaidi. Kwenye mitelemko ya kusini penye mvua nyingi kuna misitu ya mvua yenye miti aina ya ''[[Ocotea usambarensis]]'' pamoja na [[kangaga]] na [[epipythi]]. Juu zaidi penye ukungu wa kudumu kuna ''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]'', ''[[Hagenia abyssinica]]'' na ''[[Erica excelsa]]'' pamoja na [[kuvumwani]]. Upande wa kaskazini ulio kavu zaidi pana misitu ya [[mizeituni]], ''[[Croton (plant)|Croton]]''-''[[Mlungu-mbago]]'' (Calodendrum), ''[[Cassipourea]]'' (Mugome na Msikundazi) na ''[[Juniperus]]'' (Mtarakwa) kadri kimo kinaongezeka. Juu zaidi kati ya mita 3,100 na 3,900 hufuata kanda la vichaka vya ''[[Erica]]'' ([[mdamba]]) na juu yake kunamajanimajani tu kama ''[[Helichrysum]]'' hadi mita 4500.<ref name="PlantEcology2"/><ref>{{cite book | author1=L. A. Bruijnzeel | author2=F. N. Scatena | author3=L. S. Hamilton | title=Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N6FkwMnSX8EC&pg=PA134 | date=6 January 2011 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-1-139-49455-7 | pages=136}}</ref> Utafiti kwenye kasoko ya Maundi kwenye kimo cha mita 2780 umeonyesha ya kwamba uoto wa Kilimanjaro ulibadilika katika mwendo wa karne na milenia. Wakati wa baridi kwenye enzi ya barafu miaka 42,000 – 30,000 iliyopita misitu ilishuka chini na kanda la mdamba lilitokea takriban mita 1,500 chini ya hali yake ya sasa..<ref name="MaundiCrater"/> ==Wanyama== Hakuna wanyama wakubwa wengi waliobaki mlimani. Wanapatikana hasa kwenye misitu na sehemu za chini mlimani. [[Tembo]] na [[nyati wa Afrika|nyati]] wanaweza kuwa na hatari kwa watalii wanaopanda mlima na pia kwa wakulima. [[Pongo]], [[vinyonga]], [[digidigi]], [[Paa (Bovidae)|paa]], [[Nguchiro]], nyani mbalimbali kama [[mbega]], [[komba]], [[chui]], [[Chozi (ndege)|chozi]] na [[ngiri]] wametazamiwa pia. [[Punda milia]] na [[fisi]] wanapatikana mara chache kweye tambarare juu ya Shira.<ref>{{cite book | author=Cameron M. Burns | title=Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bwZfkrl2ygQC&pg=PA7 | year=2006 | publisher=The Mountaineers Books | isbn=978-0-89886-604-9 | page=50}}</ref> Kuna spishi chache zinazopatikana Kilimanjaro pekee hizi ni pamoja na “[[Kirukanjia (mamalia)|kirukanjia]] wa Kilimanjaro”<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 | title=Crocidura monax | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | accessdate=August 15, 2015 | archivedate=2016-04-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424202247/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 }}</ref> na spishi ya kinyonga kinachoitwa [[Kinyongia tavetana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Kinyongia&species=tavetana | title=Kinyongia tavetana (STEINDACHNER, 1891) | publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg | work=The Reptile Database | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'' (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya volkeno nchini Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima]] {{Vilele saba vya mabara}} ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Category:Kilimanjaro}} * [http:////www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http:////www.easytravelgear.com/hiking-in-africa/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3054 NASA Earth Explorer page] * [http://www.mountain-forecast.com/peaks/Mount-Kilimanjaro/forecasts/5963 Weather forecase for Mount Kilimanjaro (19,565 feet)] * [http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm Glacial Recession on Kilimanjaro (pictures of southern icefields)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm |date=20110215100701 }} * [http://www.kilicam.com Mount Kilimanjaro live webcam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141107022451/http://www.ewpnet.com/kilimanjaro/flora/index.htm Kilimanjaro flora picture gallery] * [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm/search/collection/agsafrica/searchterm/Kilimanjaro%20%28mountain%29/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/cosuppress/ Aerial photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro, 1937-38] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7919100.stm How hard is it to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?] *[http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf Field Guide to the Moist Forest Trees of Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf |date=20100621062907 }} Jon C. Lovett, Chris K. Ruffo & Roy E. Gereau, Miti ya milima ya Tanzania {{DEFAULTSORT:Kilimanjaro}} [[Jamii:Milima ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Milima ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Afrocine 2019-Tanzania]] janhm5enlkty66fvxmrimesb8mlcjii 1594531 1594509 2026-09-05T05:05:20Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Der-Kilimandscharo.jpg|thumb|Kilimanjaro mnamo 1911]] [[Picha:ETH-BIB-Blick ins Kraterloch des Kibo aus 6500 m Höhe-Kilimanjaroflug 1929-30-LBS MH02-07-0119.tif|thumb|Picha ya kwanza ya angani ya Kibo iliyochukuliwa na Walter Mittelholzer mnamo 1929]] [[Picha:Elephants at Amboseli national park against Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|Tembo kwenye Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Amboseli dhidi ya Mlima Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Moshi panorama edit1.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro kama unavyoonekana kutoka manispaa ya Moshi katika Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 3D - version 1.gif|thumb|mfano wa kilele cha mlima kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 2006-08-13.JPG|thumb|250px|Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyoonekana kutoka [[Moshi (mji)|Moshi]]]] [[Picha:Kibo summit of Mt Kilimanjaro 001.JPG|thumb|250px|Kilele cha Kibo kwenye mlima Kilimanjaro]] '''Kilimanjaro''' ni [[jina]] la [[mlima]] mrefu kuliko yote [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]]. Mlima huo uko nchini [[Tanzania]] katika [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]. Una [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,895 ([[futi]] 19,340). Hali halisi Kilimanjaro ni zaidi ya mlima tu, ni kama [[Safu ya milima|safu ndogo ya milima]] mitatu: Kibo, Mawenzi na Shira. Hiyo mitatu inaonekana kama vilele vitatu vya mlima mmoja, hivyo si vibaya kusema Kilimanjaro ni mlima. [[Jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Kilimanjaro ni [[volkeno]] iliyolala kwa sasa. Kwenye [[kilele]] cha [[Kibo]] [[gesi]] bado inatoka. Kumbukumbu ya wenyeji ina habari ya [[mlipuko]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1730]]. Kilele cha juu cha Kibo kinaitwa [[Uhuru]]. Mtu wa kwanza kufika kileleni hapo alikuwa [[Johannes Kinyala Lauwo]] kutoka [[Marangu]] aliyewaongoza [[Wajerumani]] [[Hans Meyer]] na [[Ludwig Purtscheller]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Ujerumani]]. Wakati ule waliita ncha ya juu "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ''(kwa [[Kijerumani]]: Kilele cha Kaisari Wilhelm)'' kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Kibo ina [[theluji]] na [[barafuto]] ndogo kadhaa. ==Jina== [[File:German East Africa MKL Bd. 14 1890 (128624470).jpg|thumb|350px|Ramani ya 1890 inayoonyesha jina "''Kilima-Ndscharo''" katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]].]] [[Asili]] ya jina "Kilimanjaro" haijulikani kikamilifu. Vyanzo vya kimaandishi vinajulikana tangu takriban mwaka [[1860]] ambapo [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] walitumia jina hilo katika taarifa zao wakidai "Kilimanjaro" ni jina la [[Kiswahili]].<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=255}}</ref> Pamoja na umbo hili kulikuwa pia na tahajia ya sehemu mbili ama "Kilima-Njaro"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://words.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/k/kilima-njaro.html | title=Kilima-Njaro | publisher=fromoldbooks.org | work=1907 Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | date=1907 | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=James Wood}}</ref> au kwa namna ya Kijerumani “Kilima-Ndscharo”. [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] aliandika mnamo [[1860]] kuwa [[Waswahili]] kwenye [[pwani]] waliita mlima huo "Kilimanjaro". Alisema pia ya kwamba hao Waswahili walieleza maana yake kuwa ama “mlima mkubwa” au “mlima wa misafara” ingawa mwenyewe hakukubali maelezo hayo. Kwa elezo la mwisho "Kilima" kilimaanisha "mlima" na "Jaro" labda "misafara".<ref name="Krapf"/> [[Jim Thompson]] aliandika mnamo [[1885]] kuwa jina Kilima-Njaro lilichukuliwa mara nyingi kuwa na maana ya "mlima mkubwa" lakini mwenyewe alipendelea maelezo tofauti yaliyosema "mlima mweupe". <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9PETAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa'', authored by Johann Ludwig Krapf and Ernest George Ravenstein, Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, London, 1887]</ref> "Njaro" ni Kiswahili cha Zamani kwa "ng’ara".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/tanzania.htm#PIA03355 | title=Perspective with Landsat Overlay | publisher=California Institute of Technology | work=SRTM TANZANIA IMAGES | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Vivyo hivyo [[Krapf]] aliandika ya kwamba aliwahi kuwatembela [[Wakamba]] mnamo [[1849]] walioita mlima “Kima jaJeu” yaani mlima mweupe <ref>{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=544}}</ref> Leo hii Wakamba wangesema “Kiima Kyeu” na elezo hili limekubaliwa na [[watafiti]] mbalimbali. Wengine huona ya kwamba ni Wazungu wasiojua Kiswahili vema waliochanganya “mlima” na “Kilima”. Wengine wamejaribu kuona msingi wa jina katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kichagga]]. Hapo wanadai uwezekano kuwa "Kileman" limetokana na [[neno]] la Kichagga "kileme" linalomaanisha “kinachoshinda” au neno "kilelema" linalomaanisha "kilichokuwa vigumu, kilichoshindikana". Katika hoja hiyo "Jaro" imetokana na Kichagga “njaare” (aina ya [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]], au kufuatana na wengine [[chui]]) au kutoka neno “jyaro” ([[msafara]]). Elezo lingine ni kwamba [[Wachagga]] walisema mlima huo hauwezi kupandwa "kilemanjaare" au "kilemajyaro" na [[wapagazi]] au wafasiri kutoka pwani waliichukua kuwa jina la mlima na kutafsiri vile kwa Wazungu. Tangu [[miaka ya 1880]] mlima umekuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ukaitwa "Kilima-Ndscharo" kwa Kijerumani.<ref>Briggs, Philip (1996): "Guide to Tanzania; 2nd edition." Bradt Guides.</ref> Tarehe [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] [[Hans Meyer]] alikuwa mtu wa kwanza anayejulikana kupanda mlima na kufika hadi kilele cha Kibo. Alichagua jina la "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ("Ncha ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm II|Kaisari Wilhelm]]"<ref> Haieleweki kama alitoa jina kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm I]] (aliyeunganisha Ujerumani) au [[Mwana|mwanawe]] [[Kaisari Wilhelm II]] (aliyekuwa [[mtawala]] tangu mwaka [[1888]] tu)</ref>).<ref>{{cite conference | url=http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf | title=GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I | publisher=University of Technology Darmstadt | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Demhardt, I.J.}}</ref> Jina hilo lilitumika hadi [[Tanzania]] ilipoundwa mwaka [[1964]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_nov-dec-1945_106_5-6/page/n72 | author=P. C. Spink | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1945 | volume=106 | issue=5-6 | pages=213 | doi=10.2307/1788958 | jstor=1788958}}</ref> na kilele kubadilishiwa jina kuwa "Uhuru", likiwa na maana ya "Kilele cha Uhuru" <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1965_files/AJ%201965%20320-330%20Dangar%20Alpine%20Notes.pdf | title=Dangar Alpine Notes | author=D. F. O. Dangar | journal=The Alpine Journal | year=1965 | volume=70 | issue=310-311 | pages=328}}</ref> ==Jiolojia ya mlima na tabia za kijiografia== Kilimanjaro inapanda hadi mita 4877 juu ya [[tambarare]] karibu na [[Moshi (mji)|mji wa Moshi]] uliopo miguuni pake. Hii inafanya kilele chake kuwa mita 5895 juu ya [[uwiano wa bahari]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/403 | title=Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | work=World Heritage List | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Kilimanjaro ni volkeno ya [[rusu]] iliyojengwa na rusu za [[majivu]], [[zaha]] na [[mata]] nyingine. Ni volkeno ndefu kuliko zote [[duniani]] nje ya [[Amerika Kusini]]. <ref name="HighVolc">{{cite web | url=http://www.volcanolive.com/kilimanjaro.html | title=Mt Kilimanjaro Volcano | publisher=Volcano Live - John Seach | accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> Vilele vitatu vya kivolkeno juu ya Kilimanjaro ni * Kibo iliyo juu zaidi * Mawenzi yenye [[kimo]] cha mita 5149<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 | title=Mawenzi | publisher=Interactive Outdoors, Inc | work=Peakware | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192427/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 }}</ref> * Shira yenye urefu wa mita 4005.<ref name="Kaser">{{cite journal | url=https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/tanzania/pubs/cullen_etal_2006_grl.pdf | title=Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates | author=Nicolas J. Cullen, Thomas Mölg, Georg Kaser, Khalid Hussein, Konrad Steffen, and Douglas R. Hardy | journal=Geophysical Research Letters | year=2006 | volume=33 | issue=16 | doi=10.1029/2006GL027084 | format=PDF | bibcode=2006GeoRL..3316502C}}</ref> Vyote vitatu vina [[kasoko]]. Mawenzi na Shira ni [[volkeno zimwe]] lakini Kibo ni volkeno iliyolala, ila inaweza kuwaka tena. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe">{{cite journal | author1=Nonnotte, Philippe | author2=Hervé Guillou | author3 = Bernard Le Gall | author4 = Mathieu Benoit | author5 = Joseph Cotten | author6 = Stéphane Scaillet | title=New K-Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa | journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research | year=2008 | volume=173 | issue=1-2 | pages=99–112 | accessdate=29 July 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042 | url=http://hal.univ-brest.fr/file/index/docid/304458/filename/Nonnotte_et_al.J.Volc.Geoth.Res-08.pdf}}</ref> Uhuru ni sehemu ya juu kwenye ukingo wa [[kasoko]] ya Kibo. [[Taasisi]] ya [[Tanzania National Parks Authority]] <ref name="TNP">{{cite web | url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | title=Mount Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=Tanzania National Parks | work=Tanzania National Parks | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2012-09-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | =https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html }}</ref> na [[UNESCO]] zinataja [[kimo]] cha Uhuru Peak kuwa mita 5895. Kimo hicho kimetokana na [[upimaji]] uliofanyika wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1952]]. <ref name="Digital">{{cite web | url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1142/paper12.pdf | title=The New Digital Orthometric Elevation Model of Kilimanjaro | publisher=CEUR Workshop Proceedings | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen and Jorge Filipe Dos Santos}}</ref> Tangu upimaji ule kimo cha mlima kimepimwa tena: kinaonyesha kuwa mlima unapungua polepole. Kipimo kilikuwa mita 5892 mwaka [[1999]] na mita 5891 mwaka [[2014]].<ref name="Digital"/> Muundo wa ndani wa Kilimanjaro haujulikani sana kwa sababu hadi sasa haujatokea [[mmomonyoko]] mkubwa unaoweza kufunua ndani yake.<ref name="Preliminary">{{cite journal | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4713936&fileId=S0016756800066590 | title=Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro | author=W. H. Wilcockson | journal=Geological Magazine | year=1956 | volume=93 | issue=3 | pages=218–228 | doi=10.1017/S0016756800066590}}</ref> ===Shira=== Kilele cha kale zaidi ni Shira iliyoanza kutema moto takriban miaka milioni 2.5 iliyopita ikaacha miaka milioni 1.9 iliyopita. Wakati ule upande wa kaskazini wa mzingo wa kasoko ulipinduka. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Leo hii Shira ina tambarare pana kwenye kilele chake kwenye kimo cha mita 3800; inawezekana hii kiasili ilikuwa [[kaldera]] iliyojaa lava. Mabaki ya mzingo wa kaldera yamepungua sana kutokana na mmomonyoko. Kabla ya kutoa moto na kutokea kwa mmomonyoko kimo cha Shira kilikuwa kati ya mita 4,900 na 5,200. Mata yake ni hasa lava pamoja na kiasi cha [[piroklasti]]. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson">{{cite book | author=John Barry Dawson | title=The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Om2oMjXK3R4C&pg=PA56|year=2008|publisher=Geological Society of London | isbn=978-1-86239-267-0|page=56}}</ref> ===Mawenzi=== Mawenzi na Kibo zilianza kulipuka (kutoa moto) takriban miaka milioni iliyopita.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Zimetengwa na tambarare ( "Saddle Plateau") kwenye kimo cha mita 4400.<ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro">{{cite journal | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1780513?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents | title=An Ascent of Kilimanjaro | author=C. Gillman | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1923 | volume=61 | issue=1 | doi=10.2307/1780513 | registration=yes | jstor=10.2307/1780513 | pages=1–21}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Miamba ya kijana kwenye Mawenzi ilitokea miaka 448,000 iliyopita. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Mawenzi huwa na [[mgongo]] wenye [[umbo]] la [[kiatu]] cha [[farasi]] mwenye [[ncha]] kali na kufunguka upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Mgongo unakatwa na [[Bonde|mabonde]] kadhaa na upande wa mashariki wa mlima umepungua kutokana na mmomonyoko. Mawenzi huwa na kilele cha pili kinachojulikana kwa jina la “Neumann Tower” chenye mita 4425.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> ===Kibo=== Kibo ni [[pia]] ya kivolkeno yenye kimo kirefu ikiwa na [[upana]] wa kilomita 15 kwenye "Saddle Plateau". Ililipuka mara ya mwisho miaka 150,000 na 200,000 iliyopita na [[mlipuko wa volkeno|mlipuko]] huo ulifanya kasoko kwenye kilele cha Kibo cha sasa. Hadi leo gesi inatoka kwenye [[Shimo|mashimo]] ardhini.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> Kibo huwa na pia kwenye kilele chake chenye [[umbo]] kamili. Kuna [[kaldera]] yenye upana wa kilomita 2.5 na ndani yake pia iko kasoko ya Reusch. Jina hilo lilitolewa na [[serikali]] ya [[Tanganyika]] mwaka [[1954]] kwa heshima ya Mjerumani [[Gustav Otto Richard Reusch]] alipopanda mlima mara ya 25. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 | title=Gustav Otto Richard Reusch | publisher=The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University | work=Biographies | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2015-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024111716/http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Richard Leider | title=The Power of Purpose: Find Meaning, Live Longer, Better | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_s4B9LI7BX0C&pg=PA12 | date=10 May 2010 | publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-60509-527-1 | page=12}}</ref> Ndani ya kasoko ya Reusch kuna shimo refu linalojulikana kwa jina la “ash pit” (shimo la majivu).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/kilimanjaro | title=Kilimanjaro | publisher=Oregon State University | work=Volcano World | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Wakati wa mlipuko wa mwisho uliotokea miaka 100,000 iliyopita sehemu za mzingo wa kasoko ziliporomoka na kuacha pengo kubwa. <ref>{{cite book | author=Alex Stewart | title=Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa' | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=28N6F2wBSM8C&pg=PA97 | date=23 April 2012 | publisher=Cicerone Press Limited | isbn=978-1-84965-622-1 | page=100}}</ref> Kibo huwa na pia za kando zaidi ya 250 ambazo ni mashimo ambako gesi, [[zaha]] na [[piroklasti]] zilitoka kwenye pande za mlima wakati wa kuwa [[volkeno hai]]. Zilitokea miaka 150,000 hadi 200,000 iliyopita <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/>. Zinapatikana hadi [[Ziwa Chala]] na [[Taita-Taveta County|Taveta]] upande wa kusini-mashariki na hadi [[Lengurumani]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Zaha iliyotoka katika pia hizo za kando ilifunika sehemu kubwa ya pande za mlima. [[Wamaasai]] wana kumbukumbu ya kuwa [[Ziwa Chala]] upande wa mashariki wa Kibo lilikuwa mahali pa [[kijiji]] kimoja kilichoharibika na mlipuko wa volkeno. [[Maji]] yatoka mlimani kwa njia ya [[mito]] na [[kijito|vijito]] hasa upande wa kusini unaopokea [[mvua]] zaidi hasa juu ya mita 1200. Chini ya kimo hicho maji kwenye [[mito]] inapungua kutokana na mvukizo na matumizi ya [[binadamu]]. Mito ya [[Lumi (mto) |Lumi]] na [[Pangani (mto)|Pangani]] inabeba maji ya Kilimanjaro kuelekea mashariki na kusini. <ref>{{cite book | author=William Dubois Newmark | title=The Conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0Is9h1vm90AC&pg=PA22 | year=1991 | publisher=IUCN | isbn=978-2-8317-0070-0 | pages=105–106}}</ref> [[File:Mount Kilimanjaro peeking through the clouds.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro ukitokea kati ya mawingu.]] ==Tabianchi== [[Tabianchi]] ya Kilimanjaro inaathiriwa na kimo cha mlima kinachoruhusu kufika kwa [[upepo]] kutoka [[bahari]] wenye [[unyevu]] mwingi na wakati mmoja pia upepo za juu sana. Tabia nyingine ni hali yake ya kuwa mlima wa juu sana peke yake bila jirani ya karibu sana. Mlima huwa na mfumo wa upepo ambako [[mchana]] upepo unaelekea juu na wakati wa [[usiku]] kuna upepo unaotelemka kutoka juu. Hii inatokea zaidi upande wa kusini kuliko upande wa kaskazini kwa sababu tako la mlima ni pana zaidi upande wa kusini na mitelemko yake inaelekea zaidi hivyo kuathiri tabianchi zaidi. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>. Kilimanjaro huwa na [[majira]] mawili ya mvua, moja ya [[Machi]] hadi [[Mei]] na nyingine mnamo mwezi wa [[Novemba]]. Mitelemko ya kaskazini hupokea mvua chache kulingana na mitelemko ya kusini.<ref name="PlantEcology"/> Sehemu za chini za mtelemko wa kusini hupokea [[milimita]] za [[mvua]] 800 – 900 kwa mwaka. Kiwango hiki kinaongezeka kwa milimita 1,500 hadi 2,000 kwenye kimo cha mita 1,500 na hadi juu ya milimita 3,000 kwenye ukanda wa msitu kwa mita 2,000 hadi 2,300. Juu zaidi [[usimbishaji]] unapungua tena hadi milimita 200.<ref name="PlantEcology2">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227232425_Introduced_plants_on_Kilimanjaro_tourism_and_its_impact/links/0a85e53be4703e41aa000000.pdf | title=Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: tourism and its impact | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2007 | volume=197 | issue=1 | pages=17–29 | doi=10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z}}</ref>{{rp|18}} [[Halijoto]] kwenye kilele ina wastani ya [[sentigredi]] -7 yaani [[jalidi]]. Halijoto juu ya ngao ya [[barafu]] upande wa kaskazini wakati wa usiku huwa na wastani wa sentigredi -9 na wakati wa mchana -4. Viwango vya chini vya -15 hadi -27 vimepimiwa pia.<ref name="SinghSingh2011">{{cite book | author1=Vijay P. Singh | author2=Pratap Singh | author3=Umesh K. Haritashya | title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA673 | date=1 July 2011 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=978-90-481-2641-5}}</ref>{{rp|674}} [[Usimbishaji]] wa theluji unaweza kutokea wakati wowote lakini kwa kawaida hutokea Zaidi wakati wa majira ya mvua. (Novemba–Desemba na Machi–Mei).<ref name="SinghSingh2011"/>{{rp|673}} Usimbishaji wote kwenye kilele ni hasa theluji au mchnganyiko wa tehluji na mvua kwenye kiwango cha milimita 250 hadi 500 kwa mwaka na kuvukiza haraka.<ref name="TraceElements"/> ==Barafu na barafuto== [[File:Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro-1993.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Theluji]] na barafu katika kilele cha mlima Kilimanjaro, 1993.]] Mlima Kilimanjaro hujulikana kuwa kuwa ni mlima wa Afrika mwenye kofia ya [[barafu]] ya kudumu. Pamoja na Kilimanjaro kuna sehemu mbili nyingine tu barani Afrika, ni [[Ruwenzori]] na [[Mlima Kenya]]. Lakini kiasi cha barafu imepungua kwa kipindi cha zaidi ya miaka 100. Mwingereza P.C. Spink aliona mwaka 1944 ya kwamba barafu ilipungua sana kulingana na taarifa aliyojua kutoka mpandaji wa kwanza Hans Meyer. Baina 1912 eneo la ngao ya barafu limepungua kutoka [[kilomita za mraba]] 12 hadi 1.85 km² kwenye mwaka 2009. Hii inalingana na kupunguzwa [[asilimia]] 85%. Sababu kuu ya mabadiliko haya ni kupungukiwa kwa kiwango cha [[usimbishaji]] katika mazingira ya mlima tangu mwisho wa karne ya 19. Maana Kilimanjaro ni mlima wa juu vile ya kwamba mvua wote (pamoja na ukungu na usimbishaji mwingine) unaofika kwenye kilele chake utaganda na kuwa theluji. Theluji inayokaa muda mrefu tena katika ganda nene itakuwa barafu. Lakini wakati uleule mishale ya jua zinasababisha kupotea kwa theluji na barafu kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa jumla kuongezeka au kupungukiwa kwa barafu kwenye kimo hiki ni swali la kiasi cha mvua na usimbishaji mwingine zinazofika hapa. Leo hii kuna barafuto kwenye Kibo pekee pamoja na mabaki ya ngao ya barafu kwenye tambarare ya kilele na kwenye mitelemko ya Kibo. <ref>Brian Vastag: ''The melting snows of Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' 2009, {{DOI|10.1038/news.2009.1055}}.</ref><ref>Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy u.&nbsp;a.: ''Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: observations and facts.'' In: ''International Journal of Climatology.'' 24, 2004, S.&nbsp;329, {{DOI|10.1002/joc.1008}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Solar-radiation-maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice-radiation geometry modeling.'' In: ''[[Journal of Geophysical Research]].'' 108, 2003, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD003546}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Ablation and associated energy balance of a horizontal glacier surface on Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''Journal of Geophysical Research.'' 109, 2004, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD004338}}.</ref><ref>N. J. Cullen, P. Sirguey, T. Mölg, G. Kaser, M. Winkler, S. J. Fitzsimons: ''A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded.'' The Cryosphere Discuss., 2012, 6, 4233-4265, {{doi|10.5194/tcd-6-4233-2012}}.</ref> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1788958?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Hii ngao ya barafu bado iko kwa sababu Kilimanjaro ni mlima usio na vilele vikali unaofika juu ya kimo cha mstari wa jeledi. Kasoko ya Kibo imepita na kukata ngao hiyo. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>{{rp|5}} Siku hizi hakuna miendo ya maana inayoonekana kwenye barafuto za kilele kwa sababu unene wao imepungua mno..<ref name="TraceElements"/> Utafiti wa kijiolojia umeonyesha ya kwamba kulikuwa na vipindi vitano vya upanuzi wa barafuto katika miaka 500,000 iliyopita vilivyofuatwa na vipindi vya kupungua. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bryan_Mark/publication/227643102_Quaternary_glaciation_in_Africa_key_chronologies_and_climatic_implications/links/00b7d52d451e477c9b000000.pdf | title=Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications | author=Bryan G. Mark and Henry A. Osmaston | journal=Journal of Quaternary Science | year=2008 | volume=23 | pages=589–608 | doi=10.1002/jqs.1222}}</ref> Ngao ya barafu mfululizo ilifunika mlima wote hadi kimo cha mita 3,200 miaka 24,000 – 25,000 iliyopita wakati [[barafuto]] kote duniani zilienea sana. <ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East"/> Kuna dalili ya kwamba barafu yote mlimani iliwahi kupotea kabisa takriban miaka 11,500 iliyopita kutokana na ukame dunaini wakati ule.<ref name="TraceElements">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natalie_Kehrwald/publication/261331494_Deglaciated_areas_of_Kilimanjaro_as_a_source_of_volcanic_trace_elements_deposited_on_the_ice_cap_during_the_late_Holocene/links/0f317533e6b1d43308000000.pdf | title=Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene | author=P. Gabrielli, D. R. Hardy, N. Kehrwald, M. Davis, G. Cozzi, C. Turetta, C. Barbante, L. G. Thompson | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2014 | volume=93 | issue=1 | pages=1–10 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007}}</ref> Kuongezeka kwa usimbishaji wakati wa [[Holoseni]] (miaka 11,500 iliyopita) kumeruhusu kurudi kwa barafu mlimani. <ref name="TraceElements"/> barafuto ziliweza kudumisha kipindi cha ukame miaka 4,000 iliyopita. <ref name="TraceElements"/><ref name="unabated">{{cite journal | author=L. G. Thompson, H. H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, D. R. Hardy, B. G. Mark | title=Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated | journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] | volume=106 | issue=47 | pages=19770–5 | year=2009 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0906029106 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | access-date=2016-04-01 | archive-date=2021-02-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208123238/https://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Wakati wa kutembelewa mara ya kwanza katika miaka ya 1880, kilele cha Kibo kilifunikwa kabisa kwa ngao ya barafu yenye eneo la kilomita za mraba 20 hivi na mikondo ya [[barafuto]] iliendelea wenye mitelemko ya kando. Isipokuwa pia ya kati, kaldera yote ilifunikwa na barafu.<ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East">{{cite web | last=Young | first=James A. T. | title=Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/africa.pdf | work=U.S. Geological Professional Survey | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior | pages=G61, G58, G59 G62 | accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> [[File:Kilimanjaro-1938-uwm.png|thumb|300px|Kilele cha Kibo kilivyoonekana kutoka angani mwaka 1938.]] Imetazamiwa ya kwamba barafuto kwenye mitelemko ilirudi nyuma haraka kuanzia 1912 hadi 1953, na polepole zaidi tangu wakati ule. Inaendelea kupungua nah ii inaonyesha ya kwamba bado hakuna uwiano kati ya kiasi cha mvua kinachofika kwenye kilele na uvukizaji nah ii inaonyesha mabadiliko ya tabianachi yanayoendelea. <ref name="Kaser"/> Pamoja na kufunika eneo dogo zaidi, yaani kujikaza, barafuto pia zimepungua unene kutokana na kuyeyuka na uvukizaji. <ref name="unabated"/><ref name="TraceElements"/> Mabadiliko haya kwenye barafuto za Kilimanjaro zinalingana na mabadiliko yanayoonekana kwenye barafuto kote duniani. <ref name="unabated"/> At the current rate, most of the ice on Kilimanjaro will disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".{{rp|430}} Kama barafu juu ya Kilimanjaro ingepotea kabisa hii isingekuwa tatizo kubwa kwa maji yanayopatikana katika maeneo yanayozunguka mlima. Kiasi cha barafu juu ya mlima ni kidogo sana kuliko kiasi cha maji yanayohifadhiwa na misitu kwenye mitelemko ya mlima chini zaidi. Misitu hii ni chanzo cha maji yanayotiririke chini katika mito na vijito vya mlima mkubwa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://lindseynicholson.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Moelg-et-al.-2013.pdf | title=East African glacier loss and climate change: Corrections to the UNEP article ‘‘Africa without ice and snow’’ | author=Georg Kaser, Thomas Mölg, Nicolas J. Cullen, Douglas R. Hardy, Michael Winkler, Rainer Prinz, and Lindsey Nicholson | volume=6 | pages=1–6}}</ref> ==Uoto== Kuna [[misitu]] asilia zinazofunika takriban kilomita ya mraba 1,000 kwenze mlima<ref name="PlantEcology">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227311322_Continuum_or_zonation_Altitudinal_gradients_in_the_forest_vegetation_of_Mt._Kilimanjaro/links/543b57b60cf24a6ddb976f7e.pdf | title=Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2006 | volume=184 | issue=1 | pages=27–42 | doi=10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4}}</ref> . Sehemu ya chini hulimwa kwa kupanda [[mahindi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[alizeti]], pia [[ngano]] upande wa magharibi. Kuna mabaki ya uoto wa [[savana]] ya awali yenye miti kama ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Combretum]]'', ''[[Terminalia]]'' na ''[[Grewia]]''. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu zaidi. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu Zaidi. Kwenye mitelemko ya kusini penye mvua nyingi kuna misitu ya mvua yenye miti aina ya ''[[Ocotea usambarensis]]'' pamoja na [[kangaga]] na [[epipythi]]. Juu zaidi penye ukungu wa kudumu kuna ''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]'', ''[[Hagenia abyssinica]]'' na ''[[Erica excelsa]]'' pamoja na [[kuvumwani]]. Upande wa kaskazini ulio kavu zaidi pana misitu ya [[mizeituni]], ''[[Croton (plant)|Croton]]''-''[[Mlungu-mbago]]'' (Calodendrum), ''[[Cassipourea]]'' (Mugome na Msikundazi) na ''[[Juniperus]]'' (Mtarakwa) kadri kimo kinaongezeka. Juu zaidi kati ya mita 3,100 na 3,900 hufuata kanda la vichaka vya ''[[Erica]]'' ([[mdamba]]) na juu yake kunamajanimajani tu kama ''[[Helichrysum]]'' hadi mita 4500.<ref name="PlantEcology2"/><ref>{{cite book | author1=L. A. Bruijnzeel | author2=F. N. Scatena | author3=L. S. Hamilton | title=Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N6FkwMnSX8EC&pg=PA134 | date=6 January 2011 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-1-139-49455-7 | pages=136}}</ref> Utafiti kwenye kasoko ya Maundi kwenye kimo cha mita 2780 umeonyesha ya kwamba uoto wa Kilimanjaro ulibadilika katika mwendo wa karne na milenia. Wakati wa baridi kwenye enzi ya barafu miaka 42,000 – 30,000 iliyopita misitu ilishuka chini na kanda la mdamba lilitokea takriban mita 1,500 chini ya hali yake ya sasa..<ref name="MaundiCrater"/> ==Wanyama== Hakuna wanyama wakubwa wengi waliobaki mlimani. Wanapatikana hasa kwenye misitu na sehemu za chini mlimani. [[Tembo]] na [[nyati wa Afrika|nyati]] wanaweza kuwa na hatari kwa watalii wanaopanda mlima na pia kwa wakulima. [[Pongo]], [[vinyonga]], [[digidigi]], [[Paa (Bovidae)|paa]], [[Nguchiro]], nyani mbalimbali kama [[mbega]], [[komba]], [[chui]], [[Chozi (ndege)|chozi]] na [[ngiri]] wametazamiwa pia. [[Punda milia]] na [[fisi]] wanapatikana mara chache kweye tambarare juu ya Shira.<ref>{{cite book | author=Cameron M. Burns | title=Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bwZfkrl2ygQC&pg=PA7 | year=2006 | publisher=The Mountaineers Books | isbn=978-0-89886-604-9 | page=50}}</ref> Kuna spishi chache zinazopatikana Kilimanjaro pekee hizi ni pamoja na “[[Kirukanjia (mamalia)|kirukanjia]] wa Kilimanjaro”<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 | title=Crocidura monax | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | accessdate=August 15, 2015 | archivedate=2016-04-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424202247/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 }}</ref> na spishi ya kinyonga kinachoitwa [[Kinyongia tavetana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Kinyongia&species=tavetana | title=Kinyongia tavetana (STEINDACHNER, 1891) | publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg | work=The Reptile Database | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "perhaps the world's most literary mountain".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'' (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya volkeno nchini Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima]] {{Vilele saba vya mabara}} ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Category:Kilimanjaro}} * [http:////www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http:////www.easytravelgear.com/hiking-in-africa/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3054 NASA Earth Explorer page] * [http://www.mountain-forecast.com/peaks/Mount-Kilimanjaro/forecasts/5963 Weather forecase for Mount Kilimanjaro (19,565 feet)] * [http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm Glacial Recession on Kilimanjaro (pictures of southern icefields)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm |date=20110215100701 }} * [http://www.kilicam.com Mount Kilimanjaro live webcam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141107022451/http://www.ewpnet.com/kilimanjaro/flora/index.htm Kilimanjaro flora picture gallery] * [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm/search/collection/agsafrica/searchterm/Kilimanjaro%20%28mountain%29/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/cosuppress/ Aerial photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro, 1937-38] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7919100.stm How hard is it to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?] *[http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf Field Guide to the Moist Forest Trees of Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf |date=20100621062907 }} Jon C. Lovett, Chris K. Ruffo & Roy E. Gereau, Miti ya milima ya Tanzania {{DEFAULTSORT:Kilimanjaro}} [[Jamii:Milima ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Milima ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Afrocine 2019-Tanzania]] e2luka6vnexcmz0kvp44atrdysmcbfz 1594573 1594531 2026-09-05T10:07:14Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Der-Kilimandscharo.jpg|thumb|Kilimanjaro mnamo 1911]] [[Picha:ETH-BIB-Blick ins Kraterloch des Kibo aus 6500 m Höhe-Kilimanjaroflug 1929-30-LBS MH02-07-0119.tif|thumb|Picha ya kwanza ya angani ya Kibo iliyochukuliwa na Walter Mittelholzer mnamo 1929]] [[Picha:Elephants at Amboseli national park against Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|Tembo kwenye Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Amboseli dhidi ya Mlima Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Moshi panorama edit1.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro kama unavyoonekana kutoka manispaa ya Moshi katika Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 3D - version 1.gif|thumb|mfano wa kilele cha mlima kilimanjaro]] [[Picha:Kilimanjaro 2006-08-13.JPG|thumb|250px|Mlima Kilimanjaro unavyoonekana kutoka [[Moshi (mji)|Moshi]]]] [[Picha:Kibo summit of Mt Kilimanjaro 001.JPG|thumb|250px|Kilele cha Kibo kwenye mlima Kilimanjaro]] '''Kilimanjaro''' ni [[jina]] la [[mlima]] mrefu kuliko yote [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]]. Mlima huo uko nchini [[Tanzania]] katika [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]. Una [[urefu]] wa [[mita]] 5,895 ([[futi]] 19,340). Hali halisi Kilimanjaro ni zaidi ya mlima tu, ni kama [[Safu ya milima|safu ndogo ya milima]] mitatu: Kibo, Mawenzi na Shira. Hiyo mitatu inaonekana kama vilele vitatu vya mlima mmoja, hivyo si vibaya kusema Kilimanjaro ni mlima. [[Jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Kilimanjaro ni [[volkeno]] iliyolala kwa sasa. Kwenye [[kilele]] cha [[Kibo]] [[gesi]] bado inatoka. Kumbukumbu ya wenyeji ina habari ya [[mlipuko]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1730]]. Kilele cha juu cha Kibo kinaitwa [[Uhuru]]. Mtu wa kwanza kufika kileleni hapo alikuwa [[Johannes Kinyala Lauwo]] kutoka [[Marangu]] aliyewaongoza [[Wajerumani]] [[Hans Meyer]] na [[Ludwig Purtscheller]] [[tarehe]] [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|Ujerumani]]. Wakati ule waliita ncha ya juu "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ''(kwa [[Kijerumani]]: Kilele cha Kaisari Wilhelm)'' kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Kibo ina [[theluji]] na [[barafuto]] ndogo kadhaa. ==Jina== [[File:German East Africa MKL Bd. 14 1890 (128624470).jpg|thumb|350px|Ramani ya 1890 inayoonyesha jina "''Kilima-Ndscharo''" katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]].]] [[Asili]] ya jina "Kilimanjaro" haijulikani kikamilifu. Vyanzo vya kimaandishi vinajulikana tangu takriban mwaka [[1860]] ambapo [[wapelelezi]] [[Wazungu]] walitumia jina hilo katika taarifa zao wakidai "Kilimanjaro" ni jina la [[Kiswahili]].<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA255 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=255}}</ref> Pamoja na umbo hili kulikuwa pia na tahajia ya sehemu mbili ama "Kilima-Njaro"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://words.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/k/kilima-njaro.html | title=Kilima-Njaro | publisher=fromoldbooks.org | work=1907 Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | date=1907 | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=James Wood}}</ref> au kwa namna ya Kijerumani “Kilima-Ndscharo”. [[Johann Ludwig Krapf]] aliandika mnamo [[1860]] kuwa [[Waswahili]] kwenye [[pwani]] waliita mlima huo "Kilimanjaro". Alisema pia ya kwamba hao Waswahili walieleza maana yake kuwa ama “mlima mkubwa” au “mlima wa misafara” ingawa mwenyewe hakukubali maelezo hayo. Kwa elezo la mwisho "Kilima" kilimaanisha "mlima" na "Jaro" labda "misafara".<ref name="Krapf"/> [[Jim Thompson]] aliandika mnamo [[1885]] kuwa jina Kilima-Njaro lilichukuliwa mara nyingi kuwa na maana ya "mlima mkubwa" lakini mwenyewe alipendelea maelezo tofauti yaliyosema "mlima mweupe". <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9PETAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Through Masai land: a journey of exploration among the snowclad volcanic mountains and strange tribes of eastern equatorial Africa'', authored by Johann Ludwig Krapf and Ernest George Ravenstein, Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, London, 1887]</ref> "Njaro" ni Kiswahili cha Zamani kwa "ng’ara".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/tanzania.htm#PIA03355 | title=Perspective with Landsat Overlay | publisher=California Institute of Technology | work=SRTM TANZANIA IMAGES | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Vivyo hivyo [[Krapf]] aliandika ya kwamba aliwahi kuwatembela [[Wakamba]] mnamo [[1849]] walioita mlima “Kima jaJeu” yaani mlima mweupe <ref>{{cite book | author1=Johann Ludwig Krapf | author2=Ernest George Ravenstein | title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours, During an Eighteen Years' Residence in Eastern Africa: Together with Journeys to Jagga, Usambara, Ukambani, Shoa, Abessinia and Khartum, and a Coasting Voyage from Nombaz to Cape Delgado | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA544 | year=1860 | publisher=Trübner and Company, Paternoster Row. | page=544}}</ref> Leo hii Wakamba wangesema “Kiima Kyeu” na elezo hili limekubaliwa na [[watafiti]] mbalimbali. Wengine huona ya kwamba ni Wazungu wasiojua Kiswahili vema waliochanganya “mlima” na “Kilima”. Wengine wamejaribu kuona msingi wa jina katika [[lugha]] ya [[Kichagga]]. Hapo wanadai uwezekano kuwa "Kileman" limetokana na [[neno]] la Kichagga "kileme" linalomaanisha “kinachoshinda” au neno "kilelema" linalomaanisha "kilichokuwa vigumu, kilichoshindikana". Katika hoja hiyo "Jaro" imetokana na Kichagga “njaare” (aina ya [[Ndege (mnyama)|ndege]], au kufuatana na wengine [[chui]]) au kutoka neno “jyaro” ([[msafara]]). Elezo lingine ni kwamba [[Wachagga]] walisema mlima huo hauwezi kupandwa "kilemanjaare" au "kilemajyaro" na [[wapagazi]] au wafasiri kutoka pwani waliichukua kuwa jina la mlima na kutafsiri vile kwa Wazungu. Tangu [[miaka ya 1880]] mlima umekuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]] ukaitwa "Kilima-Ndscharo" kwa Kijerumani.<ref>Briggs, Philip (1996): "Guide to Tanzania; 2nd edition." Bradt Guides.</ref> Tarehe [[6 Oktoba]] [[1889]] [[Hans Meyer]] alikuwa mtu wa kwanza anayejulikana kupanda mlima na kufika hadi kilele cha Kibo. Alichagua jina la "Kaiser-Wilhelm-Spitze" ("Ncha ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm II|Kaisari Wilhelm]]"<ref> Haieleweki kama alitoa jina kwa heshima ya [[Kaisari Wilhelm I]] (aliyeunganisha Ujerumani) au [[Mwana|mwanawe]] [[Kaisari Wilhelm II]] (aliyekuwa [[mtawala]] tangu mwaka [[1888]] tu)</ref>).<ref>{{cite conference | url=http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf | title=GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I | publisher=University of Technology Darmstadt | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Demhardt, I.J.}}</ref> Jina hilo lilitumika hadi [[Tanzania]] ilipoundwa mwaka [[1964]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=Further Notes on the Kibo Inner Crater and Glaciers of Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geographical-journal_nov-dec-1945_106_5-6/page/n72 | author=P. C. Spink | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1945 | volume=106 | issue=5-6 | pages=213 | doi=10.2307/1788958 | jstor=1788958}}</ref> na kilele kubadilishiwa jina kuwa "Uhuru", likiwa na maana ya "Kilele cha Uhuru" <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1965_files/AJ%201965%20320-330%20Dangar%20Alpine%20Notes.pdf | title=Dangar Alpine Notes | author=D. F. O. Dangar | journal=The Alpine Journal | year=1965 | volume=70 | issue=310-311 | pages=328}}</ref> ==Jiolojia ya mlima na tabia za kijiografia== Kilimanjaro inapanda hadi mita 4877 juu ya [[tambarare]] karibu na [[Moshi (mji)|mji wa Moshi]] uliopo miguuni pake. Hii inafanya kilele chake kuwa mita 5895 juu ya [[uwiano wa bahari]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/403 | title=Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | work=World Heritage List | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Kilimanjaro ni volkeno ya [[rusu]] iliyojengwa na rusu za [[majivu]], [[zaha]] na [[mata]] nyingine. Ni volkeno ndefu kuliko zote [[duniani]] nje ya [[Amerika Kusini]]. <ref name="HighVolc">{{cite web | url=http://www.volcanolive.com/kilimanjaro.html | title=Mt Kilimanjaro Volcano | publisher=Volcano Live - John Seach | accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> Vilele vitatu vya kivolkeno juu ya Kilimanjaro ni * Kibo iliyo juu zaidi * Mawenzi yenye [[kimo]] cha mita 5149<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 | title=Mawenzi | publisher=Interactive Outdoors, Inc | work=Peakware | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2016-03-04 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192427/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=2084 }}</ref> * Shira yenye urefu wa mita 4005.<ref name="Kaser">{{cite journal | url=https://www.geo.umass.edu/climate/tanzania/pubs/cullen_etal_2006_grl.pdf | title=Kilimanjaro Glaciers: Recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates | author=Nicolas J. Cullen, Thomas Mölg, Georg Kaser, Khalid Hussein, Konrad Steffen, and Douglas R. Hardy | journal=Geophysical Research Letters | year=2006 | volume=33 | issue=16 | doi=10.1029/2006GL027084 | format=PDF | bibcode=2006GeoRL..3316502C}}</ref> Vyote vitatu vina [[kasoko]]. Mawenzi na Shira ni [[volkeno zimwe]] lakini Kibo ni volkeno iliyolala, ila inaweza kuwaka tena. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe">{{cite journal | author1=Nonnotte, Philippe | author2=Hervé Guillou | author3 = Bernard Le Gall | author4 = Mathieu Benoit | author5 = Joseph Cotten | author6 = Stéphane Scaillet | title=New K-Ar age determinations of Kilimanjaro volcano in the North Tanzanian diverging rift, East Africa | journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research | year=2008 | volume=173 | issue=1-2 | pages=99–112 | accessdate=29 July 2015 | doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.042 | url=http://hal.univ-brest.fr/file/index/docid/304458/filename/Nonnotte_et_al.J.Volc.Geoth.Res-08.pdf}}</ref> Uhuru ni sehemu ya juu kwenye ukingo wa [[kasoko]] ya Kibo. [[Taasisi]] ya [[Tanzania National Parks Authority]] <ref name="TNP">{{cite web | url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | title=Mount Kilimanjaro National Park | publisher=Tanzania National Parks | work=Tanzania National Parks | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2012-09-23 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html | =https://web.archive.org/web/20120923032157/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html }}</ref> na [[UNESCO]] zinataja [[kimo]] cha Uhuru Peak kuwa mita 5895. Kimo hicho kimetokana na [[upimaji]] uliofanyika wakati wa [[ukoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1952]]. <ref name="Digital">{{cite web | url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1142/paper12.pdf | title=The New Digital Orthometric Elevation Model of Kilimanjaro | publisher=CEUR Workshop Proceedings | accessdate=16 July 2015 | author=Pascal Sirguey, Nicolas J. Cullen and Jorge Filipe Dos Santos}}</ref> Tangu upimaji ule kimo cha mlima kimepimwa tena: kinaonyesha kuwa mlima unapungua polepole. Kipimo kilikuwa mita 5892 mwaka [[1999]] na mita 5891 mwaka [[2014]].<ref name="Digital"/> Muundo wa ndani wa Kilimanjaro haujulikani sana kwa sababu hadi sasa haujatokea [[mmomonyoko]] mkubwa unaoweza kufunua ndani yake.<ref name="Preliminary">{{cite journal | url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4713936&fileId=S0016756800066590 | title=Preliminary Notes on the Geology of Kilimanjaro | author=W. H. Wilcockson | journal=Geological Magazine | year=1956 | volume=93 | issue=3 | pages=218–228 | doi=10.1017/S0016756800066590}}</ref> ===Shira=== Kilele cha kale zaidi ni Shira iliyoanza kutema moto takriban miaka milioni 2.5 iliyopita ikaacha miaka milioni 1.9 iliyopita. Wakati ule upande wa kaskazini wa mzingo wa kasoko ulipinduka. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Leo hii Shira ina tambarare pana kwenye kilele chake kwenye kimo cha mita 3800; inawezekana hii kiasili ilikuwa [[kaldera]] iliyojaa lava. Mabaki ya mzingo wa kaldera yamepungua sana kutokana na mmomonyoko. Kabla ya kutoa moto na kutokea kwa mmomonyoko kimo cha Shira kilikuwa kati ya mita 4,900 na 5,200. Mata yake ni hasa lava pamoja na kiasi cha [[piroklasti]]. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson">{{cite book | author=John Barry Dawson | title=The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Om2oMjXK3R4C&pg=PA56|year=2008|publisher=Geological Society of London | isbn=978-1-86239-267-0|page=56}}</ref> ===Mawenzi=== Mawenzi na Kibo zilianza kulipuka (kutoa moto) takriban miaka milioni iliyopita.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Zimetengwa na tambarare ( "Saddle Plateau") kwenye kimo cha mita 4400.<ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro">{{cite journal | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1780513?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents | title=An Ascent of Kilimanjaro | author=C. Gillman | journal=The Geographical Journal | year=1923 | volume=61 | issue=1 | doi=10.2307/1780513 | registration=yes | jstor=10.2307/1780513 | pages=1–21}}</ref>{{rp|3}} Miamba ya kijana kwenye Mawenzi ilitokea miaka 448,000 iliyopita. <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/> Mawenzi huwa na [[mgongo]] wenye [[umbo]] la [[kiatu]] cha [[farasi]] mwenye [[ncha]] kali na kufunguka upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Mgongo unakatwa na [[Bonde|mabonde]] kadhaa na upande wa mashariki wa mlima umepungua kutokana na mmomonyoko. Mawenzi huwa na kilele cha pili kinachojulikana kwa jina la “Neumann Tower” chenye mita 4425.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> ===Kibo=== Kibo ni [[pia]] ya kivolkeno yenye kimo kirefu ikiwa na [[upana]] wa kilomita 15 kwenye "Saddle Plateau". Ililipuka mara ya mwisho miaka 150,000 na 200,000 iliyopita na [[mlipuko wa volkeno|mlipuko]] huo ulifanya kasoko kwenye kilele cha Kibo cha sasa. Hadi leo gesi inatoka kwenye [[Shimo|mashimo]] ardhini.<ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/><ref name="Preliminary"/><ref name="JohnBarryDawson"/> Kibo huwa na pia kwenye kilele chake chenye [[umbo]] kamili. Kuna [[kaldera]] yenye upana wa kilomita 2.5 na ndani yake pia iko kasoko ya Reusch. Jina hilo lilitolewa na [[serikali]] ya [[Tanganyika]] mwaka [[1954]] kwa heshima ya Mjerumani [[Gustav Otto Richard Reusch]] alipopanda mlima mara ya 25. <ref>{{cite web | url=http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 | title=Gustav Otto Richard Reusch | publisher=The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University | work=Biographies | accessdate=16 July 2015 | archivedate=2015-10-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024111716/http://cvgs.cu-portland.edu/history/biographies/bio.cfm?id=529 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=Richard Leider | title=The Power of Purpose: Find Meaning, Live Longer, Better | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_s4B9LI7BX0C&pg=PA12 | date=10 May 2010 | publisher=Berrett-Koehler Publishers|isbn=978-1-60509-527-1 | page=12}}</ref> Ndani ya kasoko ya Reusch kuna shimo refu linalojulikana kwa jina la “ash pit” (shimo la majivu).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/kilimanjaro | title=Kilimanjaro | publisher=Oregon State University | work=Volcano World | accessdate=16 July 2015}}</ref> Wakati wa mlipuko wa mwisho uliotokea miaka 100,000 iliyopita sehemu za mzingo wa kasoko ziliporomoka na kuacha pengo kubwa. <ref>{{cite book | author=Alex Stewart | title=Kilimanjaro: A Complete Trekker's Guide: Preparations, practicalities and trekking routes to the 'Roof of Africa' | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=28N6F2wBSM8C&pg=PA97 | date=23 April 2012 | publisher=Cicerone Press Limited | isbn=978-1-84965-622-1 | page=100}}</ref> Kibo huwa na pia za kando zaidi ya 250 ambazo ni mashimo ambako gesi, [[zaha]] na [[piroklasti]] zilitoka kwenye pande za mlima wakati wa kuwa [[volkeno hai]]. Zilitokea miaka 150,000 hadi 200,000 iliyopita <ref name="NonnottePhilippe"/>. Zinapatikana hadi [[Ziwa Chala]] na [[Taita-Taveta County|Taveta]] upande wa kusini-mashariki na hadi [[Lengurumani]] upande wa kaskazini-magharibi. Zaha iliyotoka katika pia hizo za kando ilifunika sehemu kubwa ya pande za mlima. [[Wamaasai]] wana kumbukumbu ya kuwa [[Ziwa Chala]] upande wa mashariki wa Kibo lilikuwa mahali pa [[kijiji]] kimoja kilichoharibika na mlipuko wa volkeno. [[Maji]] yatoka mlimani kwa njia ya [[mito]] na [[kijito|vijito]] hasa upande wa kusini unaopokea [[mvua]] zaidi hasa juu ya mita 1200. Chini ya kimo hicho maji kwenye [[mito]] inapungua kutokana na mvukizo na matumizi ya [[binadamu]]. Mito ya [[Lumi (mto) |Lumi]] na [[Pangani (mto)|Pangani]] inabeba maji ya Kilimanjaro kuelekea mashariki na kusini. <ref>{{cite book | author=William Dubois Newmark | title=The Conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0Is9h1vm90AC&pg=PA22 | year=1991 | publisher=IUCN | isbn=978-2-8317-0070-0 | pages=105–106}}</ref> [[File:Mount Kilimanjaro peeking through the clouds.jpg|thumb|Mlima Kilimanjaro ukitokea kati ya mawingu.]] ==Tabianchi== [[Tabianchi]] ya Kilimanjaro inaathiriwa na kimo cha mlima kinachoruhusu kufika kwa [[upepo]] kutoka [[bahari]] wenye [[unyevu]] mwingi na wakati mmoja pia upepo za juu sana. Tabia nyingine ni hali yake ya kuwa mlima wa juu sana peke yake bila jirani ya karibu sana. Mlima huwa na mfumo wa upepo ambako [[mchana]] upepo unaelekea juu na wakati wa [[usiku]] kuna upepo unaotelemka kutoka juu. Hii inatokea zaidi upande wa kusini kuliko upande wa kaskazini kwa sababu tako la mlima ni pana zaidi upande wa kusini na mitelemko yake inaelekea zaidi hivyo kuathiri tabianchi zaidi. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>. Kilimanjaro huwa na [[majira]] mawili ya mvua, moja ya [[Machi]] hadi [[Mei]] na nyingine mnamo mwezi wa [[Novemba]]. Mitelemko ya kaskazini hupokea mvua chache kulingana na mitelemko ya kusini.<ref name="PlantEcology"/> Sehemu za chini za mtelemko wa kusini hupokea [[milimita]] za [[mvua]] 800 – 900 kwa mwaka. Kiwango hiki kinaongezeka kwa milimita 1,500 hadi 2,000 kwenye kimo cha mita 1,500 na hadi juu ya milimita 3,000 kwenye ukanda wa msitu kwa mita 2,000 hadi 2,300. Juu zaidi [[usimbishaji]] unapungua tena hadi milimita 200.<ref name="PlantEcology2">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227232425_Introduced_plants_on_Kilimanjaro_tourism_and_its_impact/links/0a85e53be4703e41aa000000.pdf | title=Introduced plants on Kilimanjaro: tourism and its impact | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2007 | volume=197 | issue=1 | pages=17–29 | doi=10.1007/s11258-007-9356-z}}</ref>{{rp|18}} [[Halijoto]] kwenye kilele ina wastani ya [[sentigredi]] -7 yaani [[jalidi]]. Halijoto juu ya ngao ya [[barafu]] upande wa kaskazini wakati wa usiku huwa na wastani wa sentigredi -9 na wakati wa mchana -4. Viwango vya chini vya -15 hadi -27 vimepimiwa pia.<ref name="SinghSingh2011">{{cite book | author1=Vijay P. Singh | author2=Pratap Singh | author3=Umesh K. Haritashya | title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mKKtQR4T-1MC&pg=PA673 | date=1 July 2011 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | isbn=978-90-481-2641-5}}</ref>{{rp|674}} [[Usimbishaji]] wa theluji unaweza kutokea wakati wowote lakini kwa kawaida hutokea Zaidi wakati wa majira ya mvua. (Novemba–Desemba na Machi–Mei).<ref name="SinghSingh2011"/>{{rp|673}} Usimbishaji wote kwenye kilele ni hasa theluji au mchnganyiko wa tehluji na mvua kwenye kiwango cha milimita 250 hadi 500 kwa mwaka na kuvukiza haraka.<ref name="TraceElements"/> ==Barafu na barafuto== [[File:Snow and Ice on Kilimanjaro-1993.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Theluji]] na barafu katika kilele cha mlima Kilimanjaro, 1993.]] Mlima Kilimanjaro hujulikana kuwa kuwa ni mlima wa Afrika mwenye kofia ya [[barafu]] ya kudumu. Pamoja na Kilimanjaro kuna sehemu mbili nyingine tu barani Afrika, ni [[Ruwenzori]] na [[Mlima Kenya]]. Lakini kiasi cha barafu imepungua kwa kipindi cha zaidi ya miaka 100. Mwingereza P.C. Spink aliona mwaka 1944 ya kwamba barafu ilipungua sana kulingana na taarifa aliyojua kutoka mpandaji wa kwanza Hans Meyer. Baina 1912 eneo la ngao ya barafu limepungua kutoka [[kilomita za mraba]] 12 hadi 1.85 km² kwenye mwaka 2009. Hii inalingana na kupunguzwa [[asilimia]] 85%. Sababu kuu ya mabadiliko haya ni kupungukiwa kwa kiwango cha [[usimbishaji]] katika mazingira ya mlima tangu mwisho wa karne ya 19. Maana Kilimanjaro ni mlima wa juu vile ya kwamba mvua wote (pamoja na ukungu na usimbishaji mwingine) unaofika kwenye kilele chake utaganda na kuwa theluji. Theluji inayokaa muda mrefu tena katika ganda nene itakuwa barafu. Lakini wakati uleule mishale ya jua zinasababisha kupotea kwa theluji na barafu kwa njia ya [[uvukizaji]]. Kwa jumla kuongezeka au kupungukiwa kwa barafu kwenye kimo hiki ni swali la kiasi cha mvua na usimbishaji mwingine zinazofika hapa. Leo hii kuna barafuto kwenye Kibo pekee pamoja na mabaki ya ngao ya barafu kwenye tambarare ya kilele na kwenye mitelemko ya Kibo. <ref>Brian Vastag: ''The melting snows of Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' 2009, {{DOI|10.1038/news.2009.1055}}.</ref><ref>Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy u.&nbsp;a.: ''Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change: observations and facts.'' In: ''International Journal of Climatology.'' 24, 2004, S.&nbsp;329, {{DOI|10.1002/joc.1008}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Solar-radiation-maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice-radiation geometry modeling.'' In: ''[[Journal of Geophysical Research]].'' 108, 2003, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD003546}}.</ref><ref>Thomas Mölg: ''Ablation and associated energy balance of a horizontal glacier surface on Kilimanjaro.'' In: ''Journal of Geophysical Research.'' 109, 2004, {{DOI|10.1029/2003JD004338}}.</ref><ref>N. J. Cullen, P. Sirguey, T. Mölg, G. Kaser, M. Winkler, S. J. Fitzsimons: ''A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded.'' The Cryosphere Discuss., 2012, 6, 4233-4265, {{doi|10.5194/tcd-6-4233-2012}}.</ref> http://www.jstor.org/stable/1788958?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Hii ngao ya barafu bado iko kwa sababu Kilimanjaro ni mlima usio na vilele vikali unaofika juu ya kimo cha mstari wa jeledi. Kasoko ya Kibo imepita na kukata ngao hiyo. <ref name="AnAscentOfKilimanjaro"/>{{rp|5}} Siku hizi hakuna miendo ya maana inayoonekana kwenye barafuto za kilele kwa sababu unene wao imepungua mno..<ref name="TraceElements"/> Utafiti wa kijiolojia umeonyesha ya kwamba kulikuwa na vipindi vitano vya upanuzi wa barafuto katika miaka 500,000 iliyopita vilivyofuatwa na vipindi vya kupungua. <ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bryan_Mark/publication/227643102_Quaternary_glaciation_in_Africa_key_chronologies_and_climatic_implications/links/00b7d52d451e477c9b000000.pdf | title=Quaternary glaciation in Africa: Key chronologies and climatic implications | author=Bryan G. Mark and Henry A. Osmaston | journal=Journal of Quaternary Science | year=2008 | volume=23 | pages=589–608 | doi=10.1002/jqs.1222}}</ref> Ngao ya barafu mfululizo ilifunika mlima wote hadi kimo cha mita 3,200 miaka 24,000 – 25,000 iliyopita wakati [[barafuto]] kote duniani zilienea sana. <ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East"/> Kuna dalili ya kwamba barafu yote mlimani iliwahi kupotea kabisa takriban miaka 11,500 iliyopita kutokana na ukame dunaini wakati ule.<ref name="TraceElements">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natalie_Kehrwald/publication/261331494_Deglaciated_areas_of_Kilimanjaro_as_a_source_of_volcanic_trace_elements_deposited_on_the_ice_cap_during_the_late_Holocene/links/0f317533e6b1d43308000000.pdf | title=Deglaciated areas of Kilimanjaro as a source of volcanic trace elements deposited on the ice cap during the late Holocene | author=P. Gabrielli, D. R. Hardy, N. Kehrwald, M. Davis, G. Cozzi, C. Turetta, C. Barbante, L. G. Thompson | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2014 | volume=93 | issue=1 | pages=1–10 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.03.007}}</ref> Kuongezeka kwa usimbishaji wakati wa [[Holoseni]] (miaka 11,500 iliyopita) kumeruhusu kurudi kwa barafu mlimani. <ref name="TraceElements"/> barafuto ziliweza kudumisha kipindi cha ukame miaka 4,000 iliyopita. <ref name="TraceElements"/><ref name="unabated">{{cite journal | author=L. G. Thompson, H. H. Brecher, E. Mosley-Thompson, D. R. Hardy, B. G. Mark | title=Glacier loss on Kilimanjaro continues unabated | journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] | volume=106 | issue=47 | pages=19770–5 | year=2009 | doi=10.1073/pnas.0906029106 | url=http://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | access-date=2016-04-01 | archive-date=2021-02-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208123238/https://www.pnas.org/content/106/47/19770.full | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Wakati wa kutembelewa mara ya kwanza katika miaka ya 1880, kilele cha Kibo kilifunikwa kabisa kwa ngao ya barafu yenye eneo la kilomita za mraba 20 hivi na mikondo ya [[barafuto]] iliendelea wenye mitelemko ya kando. Isipokuwa pia ya kati, kaldera yote ilifunikwa na barafu.<ref name="Kaser"/><ref name="Glaciers of Middle East">{{cite web | last=Young | first=James A. T. | title=Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa | url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386g/africa.pdf | work=U.S. Geological Professional Survey | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior | pages=G61, G58, G59 G62 | accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> [[File:Kilimanjaro-1938-uwm.png|thumb|300px|Kilele cha Kibo kilivyoonekana kutoka angani mwaka 1938.]] Imetazamiwa ya kwamba barafuto kwenye mitelemko ilirudi nyuma haraka kuanzia 1912 hadi 1953, na polepole zaidi tangu wakati ule. Inaendelea kupungua nah ii inaonyesha ya kwamba bado hakuna uwiano kati ya kiasi cha mvua kinachofika kwenye kilele na uvukizaji nah ii inaonyesha mabadiliko ya tabianachi yanayoendelea. <ref name="Kaser"/> Pamoja na kufunika eneo dogo zaidi, yaani kujikaza, barafuto pia zimepungua unene kutokana na kuyeyuka na uvukizaji. <ref name="unabated"/><ref name="TraceElements"/> Mabadiliko haya kwenye barafuto za Kilimanjaro zinalingana na mabadiliko yanayoonekana kwenye barafuto kote duniani. <ref name="unabated"/> At the current rate, most of the ice on Kilimanjaro will disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".{{rp|430}} Kama barafu juu ya Kilimanjaro ingepotea kabisa hii isingekuwa tatizo kubwa kwa maji yanayopatikana katika maeneo yanayozunguka mlima. Kiasi cha barafu juu ya mlima ni kidogo sana kuliko kiasi cha maji yanayohifadhiwa na misitu kwenye mitelemko ya mlima chini zaidi. Misitu hii ni chanzo cha maji yanayotiririke chini katika mito na vijito vya mlima mkubwa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://lindseynicholson.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Moelg-et-al.-2013.pdf | title=East African glacier loss and climate change: Corrections to the UNEP article ‘‘Africa without ice and snow’’ | author=Georg Kaser, Thomas Mölg, Nicolas J. Cullen, Douglas R. Hardy, Michael Winkler, Rainer Prinz, and Lindsey Nicholson | volume=6 | pages=1–6}}</ref> ==Uoto== Kuna [[misitu]] asilia zinazofunika takriban kilomita ya mraba 1,000 kwenze mlima<ref name="PlantEcology">{{cite journal | url=http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hemp_Andreas/publication/227311322_Continuum_or_zonation_Altitudinal_gradients_in_the_forest_vegetation_of_Mt._Kilimanjaro/links/543b57b60cf24a6ddb976f7e.pdf | title=Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro | author=Andreas Hemp | journal=Plant Ecology | year=2006 | volume=184 | issue=1 | pages=27–42 | doi=10.1007/s11258-005-9049-4}}</ref> . Sehemu ya chini hulimwa kwa kupanda [[mahindi]], [[maharagwe]] na [[alizeti]], pia [[ngano]] upande wa magharibi. Kuna mabaki ya uoto wa [[savana]] ya awali yenye miti kama ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Combretum]]'', ''[[Terminalia]]'' na ''[[Grewia]]''. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu zaidi. Kuanzia kimo cha mita 1000 hadi mita 1800 kuna kilimo cha kahawa kwa namna ya kidesturi ya "[[Wachaga]] inayopanda miti na mazao kwa pamoja. Uoto asilia umebaki pekee katika mabonde majkali yasiyoweza kutumiwa kwa kilimo <ref name="MaundiCrater">{{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112000637 | title=Vegetation, climate and fire-dynamics in East Africa inferred from the Maundi crater pollen record from Mt Kilimanjaro during the last glacial–interglacial cycle | author=Lisa Schüler, Andreas Hemp, Wolfgang Zech, Hermann Behling | journal=Quaternary Science Reviews | year=2012 | volume=39 | pages=1–13 | doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.02.003 | via=ScienceDirect}}</ref> na hapa ni tofauti na uoto kwenye maeneo ya juu Zaidi. Kwenye mitelemko ya kusini penye mvua nyingi kuna misitu ya mvua yenye miti aina ya ''[[Ocotea usambarensis]]'' pamoja na [[kangaga]] na [[epipythi]]. Juu zaidi penye ukungu wa kudumu kuna ''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]'', ''[[Hagenia abyssinica]]'' na ''[[Erica excelsa]]'' pamoja na [[kuvumwani]]. Upande wa kaskazini ulio kavu zaidi pana misitu ya [[mizeituni]], ''[[Croton (plant)|Croton]]''-''[[Mlungu-mbago]]'' (Calodendrum), ''[[Cassipourea]]'' (Mugome na Msikundazi) na ''[[Juniperus]]'' (Mtarakwa) kadri kimo kinaongezeka. Juu zaidi kati ya mita 3,100 na 3,900 hufuata kanda la vichaka vya ''[[Erica]]'' ([[mdamba]]) na juu yake kunamajanimajani tu kama ''[[Helichrysum]]'' hadi mita 4500.<ref name="PlantEcology2"/><ref>{{cite book | author1=L. A. Bruijnzeel | author2=F. N. Scatena | author3=L. S. Hamilton | title=Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N6FkwMnSX8EC&pg=PA134 | date=6 January 2011 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-1-139-49455-7 | pages=136}}</ref> Utafiti kwenye kasoko ya Maundi kwenye kimo cha mita 2780 umeonyesha ya kwamba uoto wa Kilimanjaro ulibadilika katika mwendo wa karne na milenia. Wakati wa baridi kwenye enzi ya barafu miaka 42,000 – 30,000 iliyopita misitu ilishuka chini na kanda la mdamba lilitokea takriban mita 1,500 chini ya hali yake ya sasa..<ref name="MaundiCrater"/> ==Wanyama== Hakuna wanyama wakubwa wengi waliobaki mlimani. Wanapatikana hasa kwenye misitu na sehemu za chini mlimani. [[Tembo]] na [[nyati wa Afrika|nyati]] wanaweza kuwa na hatari kwa watalii wanaopanda mlima na pia kwa wakulima. [[Pongo]], [[vinyonga]], [[digidigi]], [[Paa (Bovidae)|paa]], [[Nguchiro]], nyani mbalimbali kama [[mbega]], [[komba]], [[chui]], [[Chozi (ndege)|chozi]] na [[ngiri]] wametazamiwa pia. [[Punda milia]] na [[fisi]] wanapatikana mara chache kweye tambarare juu ya Shira.<ref>{{cite book | author=Cameron M. Burns | title=Kilimanjaro & East Africa: A Climbing and Trekking Guide | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bwZfkrl2ygQC&pg=PA7 | year=2006 | publisher=The Mountaineers Books | isbn=978-0-89886-604-9 | page=50}}</ref> Kuna spishi chache zinazopatikana Kilimanjaro pekee hizi ni pamoja na “[[Kirukanjia (mamalia)|kirukanjia]] wa Kilimanjaro”<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 | title=Crocidura monax | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | accessdate=August 15, 2015 | archivedate=2016-04-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424202247/http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/5577/0 }}</ref> na spishi ya kinyonga kinachoitwa [[Kinyongia tavetana]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Kinyongia&species=tavetana | title=Kinyongia tavetana (STEINDACHNER, 1891) | publisher=Zoological Museum Hamburg | work=The Reptile Database | accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref> == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "perhaps the world's most literary mountain".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa ''The Snows of Kilimanjaro'' (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Slowly, Very Slowly''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya volkeno nchini Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima]] {{Vilele saba vya mabara}} ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|Category:Kilimanjaro}} * [http:////www.tanzaniaparks.com/kili.html/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http:////www.easytravelgear.com/hiking-in-africa/ Mount Kilimanjaro National Park] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3054 NASA Earth Explorer page] * [http://www.mountain-forecast.com/peaks/Mount-Kilimanjaro/forecasts/5963 Weather forecase for Mount Kilimanjaro (19,565 feet)] * [http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm Glacial Recession on Kilimanjaro (pictures of southern icefields)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilimanjaro.cc/glacial-recession.htm |date=20110215100701 }} * [http://www.kilicam.com Mount Kilimanjaro live webcam] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141107022451/http://www.ewpnet.com/kilimanjaro/flora/index.htm Kilimanjaro flora picture gallery] * [http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cdm/search/collection/agsafrica/searchterm/Kilimanjaro%20%28mountain%29/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/cosuppress/ Aerial photographs of Mount Kilimanjaro, 1937-38] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7919100.stm How hard is it to climb Mount Kilimanjaro?] *[http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf Field Guide to the Moist Forest Trees of Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cepf.net/Documents/Final_LovettRuffoGereau_FieldGuide.pdf |date=20100621062907 }} Jon C. Lovett, Chris K. Ruffo & Roy E. Gereau, Miti ya milima ya Tanzania {{DEFAULTSORT:Kilimanjaro}} [[Jamii:Milima ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Milima ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] [[Jamii:Volkeno za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Afrocine 2019-Tanzania]] tpz2mfkad4iphsgkypiw2icsek8vcwa 4 16648 1594545 1592221 2026-09-05T07:04:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Makala ya 125,000 */ 1594545 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Makala ya 126,000== Tarehe 5 Septemba [[2026]] umetungwa ukurasa wa 126,000 kuhusu [[Mike Lazaridis]], [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Makala ya 125,000== Tarehe 25 Agosti 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 125,000 kuhusu [[Maddy Foley]], [[mwigizaji]] wa Kanada. ==Makala ya 124,000== Tarehe 20 Agosti 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 124,000 kuhusu [[historia ya Réunion|historia ya Reunion]]. ==Makala ya 123,000== Tarehe 12 Agosti 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 123,000 juu ya [[Arne Friedrich]], [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. ==Makala ya 122,000== Tarehe 6 Agosti [[2026]] umetungwa ukurasa wa 122,000 juu ya [[Bonnaye Mims]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Makala ya 121,000== Tarehe 14 Julai [[2026]] umetungwa ukurasa wa 121,000 juu ya [[Sadako Pointer]], [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Makala ya 120,000== Tarehe 30 Mei 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 120,000 juu ya [[Valentin Filatov (mkufunzi wa dubu)]]. ==Makala ya 119,000== Tarehe 26 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 119,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Salih Zaki Bey]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Iraki]]. ==Makala ya 118,000== Tarehe 23 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 118,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Tod Lippy]], [[Wasanii|msanii]] wa [[Marekani]]. ==Makala ya 117,000== Tarehe 19 Mei 2026 iliandikwa makala juu ya [[Muziki|wanamuziki]] [[Modern Talking]] ambayo imekuwa ya 117,000 katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]. ==Makala ya 116,000== Tarehe 16 Mei 2026 makala juu ya [[John Brodie (mwanasoka aliyezaliwa 1862)]] imefanya idadi ya makala ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifikie 116,000. ==Makala ya 115,000== Mapema tarehe 13 Mei 2026 makala ya 115,000 ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilitungwa kuhusu [[Nadia Ginetti]], mwanasiasa wa Italia. ==Makala ya 114,000== Tarehe 10 Mei 2026, Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 114,000 kwa kupitia makala ya [[Hellen Linkswiler]] (5 Januari 1912 – 24 Juni 1984), mtaalamu wa lishe na mwanasayansi wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya utafiti kuhusu mahitaji ya madini katika mwili wa binadamu na asidi amino. ==Makala ya 113,000== Tarehe 7 Mei 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 113,000 inayohusu [[Jan Eliasberg]] mwongozaji na mwandishi wa filamu, maonyesho ya jukwaa, na televisheni kutoka nchini Marekani. ==Makala ya 112,000== Tarehe 28 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 112,000 inayohusu [[Silverio Izaguirre]], [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] wa [[Hispania]]. ==Makala ya 111,000== Tarehe 21 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imewahi kupata makala ya 111,000 kuhusu [[Janet Nwadiogo Mokelu]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa Afrika Kusini. ==Makala ya 110,000== Tarehe 16 Aprili 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia idadi ya makala 110,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Linda Moss]], mwanasiasa wa nchi hiyohiyo. ==Makala ya 109,000== Tarehe [[9 Aprili]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 109,000 kuhusu [[Cyprien Mbonimpa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Burundi]].. ==Haririo la 1,500,000== Siku hiyohiyo ilikuwa imepata kufanyika haririo la 1,500,000 tangu Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ianzishwe. ==Makala ya 108,000== Tarehe [[18 Machi]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 108,000 kuhusu [[Wahindi wa Tanzania]]. ==Makala ya 107,000== Tarehe [[23 Februari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 107,000 kuhusu [[Chang Ming-che]], mwanataaluma wa [[Taiwan]]. ==Makala ya 106,000== Tarehe [[11 Februari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala ya 106,000 kuhusu [[Musa Tukur Yakasai]], profesa wa [[Nigeria]]. ==Makala ya 105,000== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imepata makala kuhusu [[Eliane Rosa Naika]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]]: ndiyo ya 105,000. ==Makala ya 104,000== Mwaka 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia kuwa na makala ya 104,000 tarehe [[10 Januari]] kuhusu [[filamu]] [[Miss Fatimah]]. ==Makala ya 103,000== Tarehe 8 Desemba imetungwa makala ya 103,000 kuhusu [[Carlentini]], mji wa [[Sisilia|Sicilia]], [[Italia visiwani]]. ==Makala ya 102,000== Tarehe 8 Oktoba imetungwa makala ya 102,000 kuhusu [[Irene Charnley]]. ==Makala ya 101,000== Kwa kasi hiyohiyo ya mwaka 2025, Wikipedia yetu imepiku mapema toleo la [[Kimalagasy]] na tarehe 23 Agosti kuwahi nakala ya 101,000 kuhusu [[Dada wa Cooney]]. =='''Makala ya 100,000'''== Kwa makala juu ya [[Barclayville]],‎ tarehe [[23 Juni]] [[2025]] Wikipedia yetu imetimiza idadi ya laki moja! Ni Wikipedia ya Afrika ya nne kufikia kiwango hicho, siku chache baada ya ile ya Malagasy, na ni ya kwanza kati ya [[lugha za Kiniger-Kongo]]. Tunawashukuru wote, wazima kwa wafu, waliochangia mafanikio hayo. ==Makala ya 99,000== Tarehe [[4 Juni]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 99,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[wilaya ya Luanshya]] nchini [[Zambia]]. ==Makala ya 98,000== Tarehe [[9 Machi]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 98,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[mwimbaji]] [[Kirsten Price]].‎ ==Makala ya 97,000== Tarehe [[25 Februari]] 2025 imefikia makala ya 97,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[kardinali]] [[Giulio Bevilacqua]].‎ ==Makala ya 96,000== Tarehe 18 Februari 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia makala ya 96,000 kuhusu [[mwimbaji]] [[Janie Fricke]].‎ ==Makala ya 95,000== Tarehe [[6 Februari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 95,000 juu ya [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Perth Rectangular]].‎ ==Makala ya 94,000== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 94,000 kuhusu [[askofu]] [[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]]. ==Makala ya 93,000== Tarehe [[22 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 93,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] [[Grant Needham]]. ==Makala ya 92,000== Tarehe [[13 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 92,000 kuhusu [[mwanamuziki]] [[Terry Tufts]].‎ ==Makala ya 91,000== Tarehe [[6 Januari]] 2025 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 91,000 kuhusu [[mwanasiasa]] [[Saka Isau]].‎ ==Makala ya 90,000== Tarehe [[11 Desemba]] [[2024]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 90,000 kuhusu mchezaji [[Jason Hartill]].‎ Kwa mara ya kwanza tumeweza kuanzisha makala 1,000 kwa siku mbili tu. ==Makala ya 89,000== Tarehe [[9 Desemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 89,000 kuhusu jimbo la [[Norwei]] [[Vestland]].‎ Kwa mara ya kwanza tumeweza kuanzisha makala 10,000 kwa mwaka mmoja tu. Hongera kwa wote waliochangia. ==Makala ya 88,000== Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 88,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanakandanda]] wa kike [[Stephanie Bukovec]].‎ ==Makala ya 87,000== Tarehe [[22 Novemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 87,000 kuhusu mwanakandanda [[Nicholas Lindsay]].‎ ==Makala ya 86,000== Tarehe [[7 Novemba]] 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 86,000 kuhusu [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] [[Juma Ndiwa]].‎ ==Makala ya 85,000== Tarehe 20 Oktoba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 85,000 kuhusu [[mtakatifu]] [[Leoniani wa Vienne]]. ==Makala ya 84,000== Tarehe 8 Oktoba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 84,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jürgen Kühl]].‎‎ ==Makala ya 83,000== Tarehe 19 Septemba 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 83,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jacques Riparelli]]. ==Makala ya 82,000== Tarehe 10 Julai 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 82,000 kuhusu [[pipa]]. ==Makala ya 81,000== Tarehe 11 Juni 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 81,000 ambayo inahusu [[Kufukuzwa kwa Wamoroko kutoka Algeria]]. ==Makala ya 80,000== Tarehe 21 Aprili 2024 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imekuwa na makala ya 80,000 ambayo inahusu [[mwandamizi]]. ==Mradi mpya wa kata za Tanzania== Tarehe [[20 Aprili]] 2024 tumemaliza kuingiza taarifa za [[kata]] zote nchini [[Tanzania]] kufuatana na [[sensa]] ya mwaka 2022. ==Makala ya 79,000== Tarehe 9 Desemba [[2023]] Wikipedia hii imefikia makala ya 79,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya kata ya [[Chemchem (Unguja)]] katika mradi mpya wa kata za Tanzania. {{Infobox_Person | jina =Kipala | nchi =Ujerumani | majina_mengine = | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kufariki =10 Julai 2023 | mahala_alipofia = | sababu_ya_kifariki = | anajulikana kwa = | kazi_yake = Mchungaji | cheo =Mchungaji | mshahara = | kipindi = | alitanguliwa_na = | akafuatiwa_na = | chama = | bodi = | dini = | ndoa = | rafiki = | watoto = | mahusiano = | tovuti = | maelezo = | mwajiri = | urefu = | uzito = }} ==Kifo cha Kipala== Tarehe [[10 Julai]] 2023 mwenzetu bureaucrat [[mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ameaga dunia. Mchungaji wa Kilutheri na mmisionari katika nchi mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] na [[Iran]], Ingo Koll amefariki nyumbani mwake nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Alichangia sana kamusi elezo ya lugha yetu tangu tarehe 13 Machi 2006 hadi tarehe 28 Juni 2023. Mbali ya hilo, alikuwa kiungo kikuu katika kutuweka pamoja kama Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Alitoa mchango mkubwa sana katika kuistawisha na katika mijadala mbalimbali, pamoja na kutuwakilisha kimataifa. Mwenyezi Mungu amjalie raha ya milele. Amina. Tarehe 13 Mei 2023 alikuwa amemuandikia [[mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|ndugu Rikardo]]: "Juzi daktari aliniarifu kwamba nimepata kansa. Aina hiyo kwenye kongosho inaweza kuendelea haraka sana, lakini kuna uwezekano fulani wa tiba itakayoongeza muda kidogo ... labda mwaka 1 au miwili. Hadi sasa sisikii matatizo lakini nahisi maumivu yatakuja, na matokeo ya tiba ya madawa makali yataniathiri pia. Kwa hiyo - sijui sasa nitaweza kuendelea kwa muda gani. Wiki ijayo naingia hospitalini kwa utafiti zaidi. Sidhani ni wakati wa kuaga sasa. Sina hamu ya kupokea wimbi la "pole". Tangu nimepita umri wa miaka 70 nilijiambia "kuanzia sasa hakuna cha kulalamika", maana katika kazi yangu nimezika watu mamia nilipenda kusoma zaburi ya 90. Nachukua wakati wangu kama zawadi. Sikutegemea nitapatwa na kansa ya haraka vile lakini sioni faida ya kulalamika. Hadi sasa maisha yangu yamekuwa mazuri sana, nina kila sababu kumshukuru Mungu na kushukuru watu niliokuta kwenye njia zangu. Hii ni pamoja na wewe!" ==Makala ya 78,000== Tarehe [[15 Juni]] 2023 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 78,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Jamil Adam]] katika mradi wa [[Mchezaji|wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]]. ==Makala ya 77,000== Tarehe [[25 Machi]] 2023 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 77,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chomutov]], [[mji]] wa [[Ucheki]]. ==Wakabidhi wapya wanne== Mwezi Aprili 2023 ulifanyika uchaguzi wa wakabidhi wapya. Kati ya 6 waliogombea, 4 wamechaguliwa kwa kupata zaidi ya nusu ya kura halali. Kazi njema, ndugu! ==Makala ya 76,000== Tarehe [[23 Desemba]] [[2022]] Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 76,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Bouhjar]], [[mji]] wa [[Tunisia]]. ==Makala ya 75,00== Tarehe [[17 Septemba]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 75,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Kouandé]], [[mji]] wa [[Benin]]. ==Makala ya 74,00== Tarehe [[15 Julai]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 74,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ghuba ya Venezuela]]. ==Makala ya 73,00== Tarehe [[6 Juni]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 73,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Frenda]], mji wa [[Algeria]]. ==Makala ya 72,00== Tarehe [[14 Mei]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 72,000. Kwa kuwa makala nyingi zimetungwa kwa mashindano, kuna kazi kubwa ni kuziweka sawa. ==Makala ya 71,00== Tarehe [[23 Aprili]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 71,000 kwa makala nyingi za mradi wa [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki|Arusha Editathon Muziki]]. ==Makala ya 70,00== Tarehe [[10 Machi]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 70,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ilesa]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Nigeria]]. ==Makala ya 69,000== Tarehe [[11 Januari]] 2022 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 69,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Maroua]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Kamerun]]. ==Makala ya 68,000== Tarehe [[29 Oktoba]] [[2021]] Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 68,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chambishi]] katika mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Zambia]]. ==Makala ya 67,000== Tarehe [[9 Septemba]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 67,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Nairagie Ngare]] katika mradi wa [[vijiji]] vya [[Kenya]]. ==Makala ya 66,000== Tarehe [[14 Agosti]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 66,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Makutano]] katika mradi wa kata za Kenya. ==Makala ya 65,000== Tarehe [[5 Julai]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 65,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mwea]] katika mradi wa kata za Kenya. ==Makala ya 64,000== Tarehe [[19 Juni]] 2021 Wikipedia hii imevuka idadi ya 64,000 kutokana na tendo la kurudisha makala 907 lililofanywa na steward aliyekuwa amezifuta kwa mkupuo mmoja mwaka 2020. ==Makala ya 63,000== Tarehe [[8 Juni]] 2021 mradi wa Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha kuhusu viwanja vya michezo umefikisha Wikipedia yetu hadi kutunga makala ya 63,000 na kusonga mbele haraka. Hongera na asante kwa wahusika wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:58, 9 Juni 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 62,000== Tarehe [[7 Mei]] 2021 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Italia]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 62,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[San Giovanni Rotondo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:28, 7 Mei 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 61,000== Tarehe [[15 Machi]] 2021 mradi wa [[watakatifu]] [[Wakristo]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 61,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Agrikola wa Chalon]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:19, 15 Machi 2021 (UTC) ==Makala ya 60,000== Tarehe [[20 Agosti]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 60,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Rubirizi (Muramvya)]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:28, 20 Agosti 2020 (UTC) Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] 2020 Wikipedia yetu imetimiza tena idadi hiyo baada ya kukatwa makala 800 hivi hapo katikati (mpaka sasa hatujajua ilikuwaje). Ukurasa husika ni juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Andrea Avellino]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 8 Novemba 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 59,000== Tarehe [[22 Mei]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[miji ya Rwanda]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 59,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mukarange]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:02, 22 Mei 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 58,000== Tarehe [[3 Aprili]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya mito ya Burundi|mito ya Burundi]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 58,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Gihororo (Karuzi)]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 3 Aprili 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 57,000== Tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[wachezaji mpira]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 57,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Gilmar Rinaldi]]. Kurasa elfu kwa juma moja tu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:44, 18 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 56,000== Tarehe [[10 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Makabila ya Uganda]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 56,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Wakumam]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:36, 10 Machi 2020 (UTC) ==Makala ya 55,000== Tarehe [[13 Desemba]] [[2019]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika|Watakatifu wa Afrika]] umefikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 55,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Yusto askofu]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 13 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 54,000== Tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] 2019 makala ya 54,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[wafiadini]] wa [[Afrika]] [[Suksesi na wenzake 17]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 4 Oktoba 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 53,000== Tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 2019 makala ya 53,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[Tarafa ya Tiémélékro]]. Tunawashukuru wachangiaji wetu kutoka [[Cote d'Ivoire]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:58, 11 Agosti 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 52,000== Tarehe [[16 Julai]] 2019 makala ya 52,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Rwoho]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:55, 16 Julai 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 51,000== Tarehe [[31 Mei]] 2019 makala ya 51,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Osia]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 31 Mei 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 50,000== Tarehe [[3 Mei]] 2019 makala ya 50,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Ocere]]. Hatimaye tumefikia hatua hiyo kubwa! Hongera kwa wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 3 Mei 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 49,000== Tarehe [[23 Machi]] 2019 makala ya 49,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Wangodugu]]. Tukazane ili kufikia mapema ya 50,000! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 23 Machi 2019 (UTC) ::Hongera sana Ndugu Riccardo kwa michango yako!! Na asante!'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:58, 23 Machi 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 48,000== Tarehe [[7 Februari]] 2019 makala ya 48,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[kisiwa cha Musira]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:30, 7 Februari 2019 (UTC) ==Makala ya 47,000== Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] [[2018]] makala ya 47,000 imetungwa kuhusu mto Olkimatare. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:26, 8 Novemba 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 46,000== Tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] 2018 makala ya 46,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Wakavi]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:41, 15 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) ==Ukurasa wa 100,000== Tarehe [[5 Oktoba]] 2018, kwa makala juu ya [[Mto Thiririka]], Wikipedia yetu imefikia ukurasa wa 100,000 zikihesabiwa si makala tu, bali pia kurasa za maelekezo, majadiliano, watumiaji n.k. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:41, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) ==Baba Tabita kuaga== Tarehe [[26 Septemba]] 2018, huyo mchangiaji wetu mkuu ameandika ili kutuaga baada ya kazi ya miaka 12 na kisha kuugua kwa muda mrefu, akisema hajui kama ataweza kuchangia tena. Tunazidi kumuombea kwa Mwenyezi Mungu aweze kupona na kuendelea nasi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 26 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 45,000== Tarehe [[12 Agosti]] [[2018]] makala ya 45,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Ilangi]], [[Korongo (jiografia)|korongo]] wa [[Kenya]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:11, 12 Agosti 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 44,000== Tarehe [[30 Julai]] [[2018]] makala ya 44,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Nyairoko]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 30 Julai 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 43,000== Tarehe [[7 Julai]] makala ya 43,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Kaptarit]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:36, 7 Julai 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 42,000== Tarehe 21 Mei 2018, makala ya 42,000 imetungwa kuhusu [[mto Jigulu]]. Mbele kwa mbele! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:18, 21 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 41,000== Tarehe 2 Mei 2018, makala ya 41,000 ilianzishwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]] kuhusu [[Mto Ligunga]]. Tusonge mbeleee! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 3 Mei 2018 (UTC) :Ninja [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]] katika ubora wake. Safi sana! Tunasonga. Sasa hivi tutafika walipo Afrikaans!--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 08:22, 3 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 40,000== Tarehe 17 Machi 2018, makala ya 40,000 (AROBAINI ELFU, jamani!) ni kuhusu mlima [[Nidze]]. Makala ilianzishwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. Asante na hongera, Mzee! Sherehe itafanyika wapiii? Tupo pamoja katika furaha na fahari. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 17 Machi 2018 (UTC) :Sasa niseme tu, zama zangu zimeisha! Nyakati zangu nilipiga buku ndani ya wiki 2. Furaha iliyopo hadi mgonjwa umeamka kitandani. Pole sana mzee wangu, Oliver, na ahsante kwa taarifa!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="blue">_{'''Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span><font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 12:37, 17 Machi 2018 (UTC) ::Kweli tunahitaji sherehe. Hongereni ndugu zangu wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|Ndesanjo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|majadiliano]])''' 23:44, 30 Mei 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 39,000== Tarehe 24 Desemba 2017, makala ya 39,000 imeandikwa. Sasa tunalenga ya 40,000: tujitahidi pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 13 Januari 2018 (UTC) ==Makala ya 38,000== Tarehe 12 Oktoba 2017, makala ya 38,000 ni kuhusu [[Ziwa Kamnarok]], [[ziwa]] lililokauka la [[Kenya]]. Makala iliandikwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 21:16, 13 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 37,000== Tarehe 30 Julai 2017, makala ya 37,000 ni kuhusu [[Ziwa Ambussel]], ziwa dogo la [[Tanzania]]. Makala iliandikwa na [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Ndugu Riccardo]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 30 Julai 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 36,000== Tarehe 20 Mei 2017, makala ya 36,000 ni kuhusu [[Abdallah Majurah Bulembo]], mwanasiasa wa [[Tanzania]]. Makala iliandikwa na Ndugu [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Luhazi|Luhazi]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 18:29, 20 Mei 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 35,000== Tarehe 12 Januari 2017, makala ya 35,000 ni kuhusu mwandishi [[James Tate (mwandishi)|James Tate]] aliyepokea [[Tuzo ya Pulitzer ya Ushairi]] mwaka wa 1992. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 10:41, 12 Januari 2017 (UTC) ==Makala ya 33,000== 18 Aprili 2016, makala ya 33,000 ni [[Kio'du]], lugha ya [[Vietnam]] na [[Laos]]. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|majadiliano]])''' 11:43, 18 Aprili 2016 (UTC) ==Haririo la 1,000,000== Upande wa maharirio, tarehe [[10 Oktoba]] 2015 yamefikia [[idadi]] ya [[milioni]] 1. ==Makala ya 30,000== Nimejitahidi lakini nahisi aliyepita ni Riccardo mnamo tar. 21. Septemba 2015, sina uhakika makala gani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 21:32, 23 Septemba 2015 (UTC) :Ni [[Historia ya Madagaska]] tarehe 22 Septemba 2015. Hongera kwa wote! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:55, 24 Septemba 2015 (UTC) ==Makala ya 29,000== *13 Juni 2015, makala ya 29,000 ni [[Pembe kuu‎]] (pembe ya 180°, isiyoonekana kama pembe inafanana na mstari wa kawaida...) ==Warsha ya Wikipedia Morogoro== Tarehe 21 Machi 2015, wahariri wafuatao walitoa warsha ya kuandika na kuhariri makala za wikipedia ya Kiswahili kwa walimu na wanafunzi wa [http://www.alfagems.com/ shule ya sekondari ya AlfaGems] mjini [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]]: [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]], [[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] na [[Mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]] (bahati mbaya, [[Mtumiaji:Muddyb Blast Producer|Muddyb Blast Producer]] alibanwa kazini na kutoweza kuhudhuria). Tumefurahi kuona mafanikio mema! <gallery> Morogoro 2015 Warsha ya wanafunzi 1.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 1 Morogoro 2015 Warsha ya wanafunzi 2.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 2 Morogoro 2015 warsha ya wanafunzi 3.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 3 Warsha wanafunzi.jpg|Warsha ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili Morogoro 2015 Machi - Warsha ya wanafunzi 4 Alfagems Shule ya Sekondari Morogoro - Wikipedia imefika!.jpg|Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefika Alfagems SS Warsha ya walimu.jpg|Walimu walikuwa na warsha yao pia Alfagems Shule ya Sekondari Morogoro - wikipedia imefika hadi chumba hiki.jpg|Hapo iko chumba cha kompyuta ambako wanafunzi zaidi ya 60 waliangalia nafasi zilizopo kwenye wikipedia ya Kiswahili </gallery> ==Makala ya 28,000== *25 Januari 2015, makala ya 28,000 ni [[Kipaici]], lugha ya [[Kaledonia Mpya]]. ==Makala ya 22,000== *28 Oktoba 2011 imefika makala 22,000! ==Makala ya 20,000== [[Picha:Wikipedia 20000 articles.png|80px|right]] * 21 Agosti 2010: mji wa [[Dordrecht]] ;-) ==Makala ya 15,000== * 25 Desemba 2009 (UTC) :-) '''Mlimba''' ni tarafa iliyopo katika wilaya ya Kilombero katika Mkoa wa Morogoro. Ipo umbali wa kilomita 150 kutoka Ifakara mjini. Tarafa ya Mlimba ina ujumla wa kata 6. Kata ya Tanganyika Masagati ni kata maarufu sana katika tarafa ya Mlimba. Ipo umbali usiopungua kilomita 100 kutoka Mlimba mjini. Tarafa hii inakabiliwa na matatizo mbalimbali ikiwemo ya usafiri, utumishi wa umma {walimu,madaktari n.k}. Wakazi wa mlimba wanategemea zaidi usafiri wa TAZARA. Kata ya Mlimba ina shule za msingi zisizopungua 10 na sekondari 3.Tarafa ya Mlimba ina shule zaidi ya 30 za msingi na 8 za sekondari. Moja kati ya shule maarufu ni shule ya msingi MAKIRIKA na shule ya sekondari MLIMBA GIRLS. Shule ya msingi MAKIRIKA ipo umbali wa kilomita 10 kutoka Mlimba mjini. Shule hii ipo katika kijiji cha Makirika. Ina walimu 4 {Donatus Dacky, Abel Michael, John Justine na Selemani Mkonje},shule ina darasa la awali hadi la saba! Pia katika tarafa ya mlimba utakutana na mgodi wa umeme{KIHANSI}... imehaririwa na selemani mkonje ==Maendeleo ya makala za kata nchini [[Tanzania]]== Makala za kata zinafuata majina ya kata yaliyotajwa katika taarifa ya sensa 2002. Kata zilizoanzishwa baadaye kwa kawaida hazipo bado. Kata zote za Tanzania zimepata makala fupi ya mbegu; mengine yameshapanushwa. Ilikuwa kazi kubwa na ya maana! Kazi inayobaki ni kufuatilia habari za wilaya mpya zilizoanzishwa mwaka 2006/2007 kwa sababu orodha ya kata iliyopatikana ilikuwa ya sensa ya mwaka 2002. Pale tulipotambua wilaya mpya tulianza makala ya wilaya pia kigezo cha kata zake isipokuwa bado bila majina. Kata ya wilaya mpya bado zinaorodheshwa chini ya chini ya wilaya mama. Mifano ya wilaya mpya ni [[Wilaya ya Misenyi]], [[Wilaya ya Chato]], [[Wilaya ya Rorya]]. ==Mikoa ya Tanzania ambayo kata zote zimeanzishwa makala ya mbegu== [[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] | [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] | [[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] | [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] | [[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] | [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] | [[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] | [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] | [[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] | [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] | [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] | [[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] | [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] | [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] | [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini |Pemba Kaskazini]] | [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] | [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] | [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] | [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] | [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] | [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] | [[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] | [[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Mjini Magharibi]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] | [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Unguja Kusini]] ==Wikipedia yetu katika orodha ya [[meta:List of Wikipedias by edits per article]]== [[Meta:List_of_Wikipedias_by_sample_of_articles]] inalinganisha wikipedia za lugha mbalimbali kwenye msingi wa orodha la [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo]]. Katika ulinganisho wa Aprili 2009 makala zifuatazo ziliangaliwa hasa kuwa ama zinekosekana kabisa au ni fupi mno au ziko na ukubwa karibu na ngazi inayofuata (kati ya ndogo-wastani-kubwa na kila ngazi inapewa uzito tofauti katika ulinganisho). Majina yafuatayo ni katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza. #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Song Song] ([[Wimbo|wimbo - alama 463 pekee]]) #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Crusades Crusades] - [[vita za misalaba]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Communism Communism] - [[ukomunisti]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Culture Culture] - [[utamaduni]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Big Bang Big Bang] - [[mlipuko mkuu]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Evolution Evolution] - [[mageuko ya spishi]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Democracy Democracy] - [[demokrasia]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Horse Horse] - [[farasi]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Basketball Basketball] - [[mpira wa kikapu]] #[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Fascism Fashism] - [[ufashisti]] --'''[[User:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[User talk:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 9 Aprili 2009 (UTC) == Mradi mpya: [[Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya]]== Baada ya kutunga makala za mbegu kwa kila kata ya [[Tanzania]] tunalenga sasa kufanya kazi hiyohiyo kwa kata zote za Kenya. Ukurasa [[Wilaya, tarafa na kata za Kenya]] umeundwa kwa muda kwa kurahisisha utekelezaji wa mradi huu. Orodha hii inafikiwa pia kwa kifupi[[ kata Kenya]]. == Swahili Wikipedia now the largest African language Wikipedia == Apologies for the English, I don't speak Swahili, but I thought I'd let everyone know that Swahili has just passed Afrikaans as the largest African language Wikipedia. Congratulations! See [http://www.greenman.co.za/blog/?p=614 greenman.co.za] for more information. '''[[Mtumiaji:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Greenman|majadiliano]])''' 22:12, 3 Agosti 2009 (UTC) ::It was time! - Don't you think so? - Congratulations!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 13:48, 10 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==The Nairobi Hospital== Apologies for the English, my Kiswahili are not that good. I've been writting an article (at the el:Wikipedia) about the "[[:el:The Nairobi Hospital]]" and I do not have any pictures to support it. Can somebody from the Nairobi area, take several pictures of "The Nairobi Hospital" and upload them at Wikimedia Commons?<br/> Asante sana!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 8 Septemba 2018 (UTC)<br/> P.S. I am particullarly interested of the "Galanos Block".<br/> --'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 16:05, 14 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ==Galanos sulphur baths== Additive to The Nairobi Hospital request, I have another one, the following: I have written the [[:el:Galanos sulphur baths]] at the Greek Wikipedia and do not have any pictures to accompany it. Can somebody from the [[:el:Tanga Region]], take several photographs of the "Galanos thermal springs" and upload them at Wikimedia Commons?<br/> Asante sana!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 16:01, 14 Septemba 2018 (UTC) :Thanks for your contribution. We are a small group, at the moment I am not aware of anybody around Tanga. Lets see if we find someone. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:44, 19 Septemba 2018 (UTC) ::Dear '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]]''', thank you very much for your response, I'll be waiting and hoping.<br/> ::With kindest regards!--'''[[Mtumiaji:Aristo Class|Aristo Class]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Aristo Class|majadiliano]])''' 07:48, 22 Septemba 2018 (UTC) == Afrocuration == Hi all. I will be adding 4 articles relating to the Afrocuration project to add articles relating to Covid-19. Namely, [[Utambuzi|Medical Diagnosis]], [[Ugonjwa unaopitishwa hewani|Airborne Disease]], Hand Washing, [[Athari ya pandemia ya Korona 2019-20 kwa mazingira|Environmental impact]]. Kind regards '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 6 Juni 2020 (UTC) : {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} can I upload the other 2 articles? '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 16:17, 8 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::If you used computer translation, it's better if you don't upload them. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::: The 2 pages I created was made through an Afrocuration project done by translators that do speak Kiswahili and was not made through the content creation tool. Unfortunately I cannot gauge the quality of these articles. Were the other 2 of such poor quality that I shouldn't upload them? Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::: Truly, the first one was very poor, the second one was a little better. Many times Swahili speakers are not so good translators! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:36, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) ::::: Thanks a lot for your honest feedback. I will ask that the other 2 articles first be proofread. If anyone is keen to help the Google docs are available [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUovtBQax-5hrTerPVDG6mg_0t_r0CkyrE-YrkotB1o/edit# here] and [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1huDcJvyIdWk3QT1EDmOUNjfXIGRMuzr79n0S9z4bJls/edit# here]. Thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 16:02, 9 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::::: Both articles need many corrections, though they are understandable. Let you upload them, then we will try to work on them. Thank you for your care and humble attitude. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:37, 10 Juni 2020 (UTC) :::::::::::: Asante sana kwa maoni yako ya kweli. Nitauliza kwamba nakala zingine 2 kwanza zihakikiwe. Ikiwa mtu yeyote ana hamu ya kusaidia hati za Google zinapatikana [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUovtBQax-5hrTerPVDG6mg_0t_r0CkyrE-YrkotB1o/edit# hapa] na '''[[Mtumiaji:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dumbassman|majadiliano]])''' 08:47, 13 Juni 2020 (UTC) ==Wikipedia pages Wanting Photos #WPWP== Habari wachangiaji, katika mradi wa WPWP unaoendelea hivi sasa, kuna fujo nyingi za wachangiaji wakati wa kuongeza picha, kama kuacha maneno ya lugha nyingine katika maelezo juu ya picha. Hivyo ni ombi langu kwa wachangiaji angalau kupitia hizi makala na kufanya masahihisho. [[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Michango/Tarih&offset=&limit=500&target=Tarih|Angalia kiungo hiki]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 06:55, 10 Agosti 2020 (UTC) :Ni kweli. Kwa tamaa ya tuzo wengine wanaongeza picha yoyote na maandishi yasiyo sahihi. Sisi hatuna muda wa kupitia kazi hizo zote. Hata hivyo kwa jumla faida fulani ipo. Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:01, 10 Agosti 2020 (UTC) ==Have you Voted?== Hi all, There are 16 eligible voters in Swahili Wikipedia for the ongoing [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|Wikimedia Board of Trustees elections]]. But only one 3 people have voted so far. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election is still ongoing. Votes will be accepted until 23:59 31 August 2021 (UTC). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wgyP3fNI4M 2021 Wikimedia Board election video]:Please watch and share this widely so we can motivate more participation from all eligible voters! Please visit [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board Elections 2021|here]] to cast your vote. You can also read more about the candidates [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates|here]] Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:07, 26 Agosti 2021 (UTC) == 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result == Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support: *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month. Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:49, 8 Septemba 2021 (UTC) ==Campaigns Ambassador Contractor Opening For African French, Arabic And Swahili Speakers== Dear Swahili Wikipedia Community, The [[m:Campaigns|Campaigns Team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is excited to announce that it seeks a '''Campaigns Ambassador''' with experience working in the French, Arabic or Swahili Wikipedia communities in Africa. The campaign ambassador will support our product and programs team in providing support and advising to campaign organizers and improve the campaign organizing journey. The Campaigns Ambassador will be supporting the rollout of tools and features to support campaign organizers, in the communities we are building for. Kindly confirm further details and requirements about the role in the [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ddp1mWyzZXtPppQl9ovzjgxBBClmL4EGFc7_58kN1is/edit '''attached job description''']. All interested applicants should submit a copy of their curriculum vitae (CV) and cover letter via email to '''fnartey@Wikimedia.org''' and copy '''ifried@wikimedia.org''' by 28th November 2021. If you have any further questions about the role kindly contact '''jjonsson@wikimedia.org'''. Thank you. Best, <br> Imelda ==Voting closes soon on the revised Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct== : ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_3|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_3|More languages]] ''•'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FRevised+enforcement+guidelines%2FAnnouncement%2FVoting+3&language=&action=page&filter= Please help translate to your language] : Hello all, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voting|Voting]] closes on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines|revised Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] at '''23.59 UTC''' today, '''January 31, 2023'''. Please visit the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|voter information page on Meta-wiki]] for voter eligibility information and details on how to vote. More information on the Enforcement Guidelines and the voting process is available in this [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Revised_enforcement_guidelines/Announcement/Voting_1|previous message]]. On behalf of the UCoC Project Team, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 10:14, 31 Januari 2023 (UTC) lmcmceioz6w4ad3pq6q16rdssezkd6x 0 20634 1594544 1592219 2026-09-05T07:02:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Website | jina = [[Picha:Wikipedia-favicon.png|16px|Favicon of Wikipedia]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili | screenshot = | logo = [[Picha:Wikipedia-logo-v2-sw.svg|140px]] | maelezo ya picha = Logo ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili | kisara = http://sw.wikipedia.org/ | kibiashara = Hapana | mahala = [[Miami, Florida]] | aina = [[Kamusi elezo|Mradi wa Kamusi Elezo ya Interneti]] | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | watumiaji = {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} watumiaji, {{NUMBEROFADMINS}} wakabidhi tarehe {{Date}} | kujisajiri = Hiari | mmiliki = [[Wikimedia Foundation]] | mwanzo = {{start date and age|df=yes|2003|3|8}} }} '''Wikipedia ya Kiswahili''' (au '''Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili''') ni toleo la [[kamusi elezo]] ya [[Wikipedia]] kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]]. Ilianzishwa [[tarehe]] [[8 Machi]] [[2003]], na tarehe [[{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]], [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]], imefikia makala zipatazo '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''', [[idadi]] inayoifanya iwe Wikipedia ya 71 (kati ya 348 zilizo hai) kwa [[hesabu]] ya makala zote. Mwaka [[2019]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili iliangaliwa mara 65,856 kwa siku, [[mwaka]] [[2020]] mara 73,056 na mwaka 2021 (Januari-Oktoba) 83,595 ambayo inakaribia kuwa sawa na mara 3,500 kwa [[saa]]. Mwaka huo kurasa zilizotazamwa zilikuwa 70,419,110, sawa na 192,929 kwa siku na 8,038 kwa saa. Idadi hiyo imezidi kuongezeka kwa kuwa kwenye mwezi Mei 2022 kurasa zetu zilifunguliwa mara 240,641 kwa siku na mnamo Juni 2024 mara 275,415 kwa siku. Karibu [[nusu]] ya wasomaji wetu wako [[Tanzania]], ingawa [[asilimia]] hucheza [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] kwa mwezi. Kwa mfano, mnamo Juni 2022 kurasa zetu zilifunguliwa kutoka Tanzania 40%, [[Kenya]] 17%, [[Marekani]] 13%, [[Uhindi]] 5%, [[Urusi]] na [[Nigeria]] 4%, nchi zote nyingine 17%. Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilikuwa inafunguliwa na 0,01% ya wanaofungua Wikipedia duniani kote mwezi Septemba 2018, ikiwa katika nafasi ya 65 kati ya lugha zote. Takwimu husika zinacheza kirahisi kama, kwa mfano, kutokana na habari zinazotangazwa na [[vyombo vya habari]], watu wengi wanatafuta habari zaidi kwenye [[intaneti]], maana Waswahili walioko Marekani si wengi sana, lakini wana urahisi wa kutumia intaneti, hivyo wanaweza wakawazidi watumiaji wa Tanzania ambako watu wengi bado hawana njia ya kutumia mtandao. Mwezi huohuo, waliofungua Wikipedia nchini Kenya walikuwa 0,10% za wasomaji wote duniani; kumbe nchini Tanzania waliofungua Wikipedia walikuwa 0,04% tu za wasomaji wote duniani. Mnamo Januari mwaka [[2021]] kati ya waliofungua [[Wikipedia]] nchini [[Tanzania]], 14% waliifungua kwa Kiswahili. Kumbe nchini Kenya waliofungua Wikipedia ya Kiswahili walikuwa 4% tu, lakini kuna ongezeko kubwa, kwa sababu mnamo Septemba 2018, waliofungua Wikipedia nchini Kenya walikuwa 0,08% za wasomaji wote duniani; kati yao waliofungua Wikipedia ya Kiswahili walikuwa 1.7%. Kumbe nchini Tanzania waliofungua Wikipedia walikuwa 0,03% za wasomaji wote duniani, lakini kati yao 11.2% waliifungua kwa Kiswahili, asilimia inayozidi kukua kadiri makala zinavyoongezeka na kuwa bora zaidi. == Maendeleo == [[Picha:Mwanzo 1.JPG|thumb|250px|Ukurasa wa "Mwanzo" ulivyokuwa mwaka 2004.]] Mnamo [[Julai]] [[2006]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 1,000 na tarehe [[14 Septemba]] mwaka huohuo ilifikia makala ya 2,000. Mnamo Julai [[2007]] ilifikisha makala 5,000 na tarehe [[26 Septemba]] 2007, 6,000. Tarehe [[21 Aprili]] [[2008]], Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 7,000 na tarehe [[19 Desemba]] 2008 ilifikisha makala 8,000, hasa baada ya kuanzishwa makala nyingi za mbegu za [[kata]] za [[Tanzania]]. Makala za mbegu za kata za Tanzania ziliendelea kuisukuma Wikipedia ya Kiswahili hadi kufikia kiwango cha makala 9,000 tarehe [[2 Februari]] [[2009]] na makala 10,000 tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2009. Ilipofika tarehe [[9 Aprili]] 2009, Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikia kiwango cha makala 11,000 na tarehe [[25 Aprili]] 2009 ilifikia makala 12,000. Mnamo tarehe [[20 Juni]] [[2009]], Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilibadilisha ukurasa wake wa mwanzo katika sura mpya. Mnamo tarehe [[17 Agosti]] 2009 ilifikia makala zipatazo 13,000, na kuendelea kuifanya iwe Wikipedia ya kwanza kwa ukubwa katika Afrika. Haikushia hapo: tarehe [[11 Septemba]] 2009, Wikipedia hii ilifikia makala 14,000 na tarehe [[25 Desemba]] 2009 makala 15,000. [[Picha:Wikipedia 20000 articles.png|80px|right]] Tarehe [[31 Mei]] [[2010]] ilifikia makala 18,000 na tarehe [[21 Agosti]] mwaka huohuo makala 20,000. Tarehe [[28 Oktoba]] [[2011]] ilifikia makala 22,000. Tarehe [[15 Februari]] [[2014]] ilifikia makala 26,000 na tarehe [[28 Oktoba]] mwaka huohuo makala 27,000. Tarehe [[25 Januari]] [[2015]] ilivuka idadi ya makala 28,000, tarehe [[13 Juni]] 2015 ilifikia makala 29,000, tarehe [[22 Septemba]] mwaka huohuo ilifikia makala 30,000 na kuendelea tena. Upande wa maharirio, tarehe [[10 Oktoba]] 2015 yalifikia idadi ya [[milioni]] 1. Tarehe [[10 Novemba]] mwaka huohuo ilivuka makala 31,000 na kupiku [[Wikipedia ya Kiyoruba]]. Tarehe [[13 Februari]] [[2016]] ilivuka idadi ya makala 32,000 na kusonga mbele kiasi cha kufikia 33,000 tarehe [[18 Aprili]] 2016, halafu 34,000 tarehe [[20 Agosti]] 2016 kwa makala [[Kinung]]. Makala juu ya [[James Tate (mwandishi)|James Tate]] iliifanya itimize idadi ya 35,000 tarehe [[12 Januari]] [[2017]]. Mwaka huohuo, tarehe [[20 Mei]] 2017 idadi ya makala ilifikia 36,000, tarehe [[30 Julai]] ilifikia 37,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ziwa Ambussel]], tarehe [[12 Oktoba]] 38,000 kwa makala juu ya [[mto Jubba]] na tarehe [[24 Desemba]] ilifikia 39,000. Tarehe [[17 Machi]] [[2018]] mradi wa [[milima]] ulileta makala ya 40,000: [[Nidze]]. Mradi wa [[mito ya Tanzania]] ulisukuma Wikipedia hii kufikia idadi ya makala 41,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Ligunga]] tarehe [[2 Mei]] 2018 na 42,000 kwa ukurasa wa [[mto Jigulu]] tarehe [[21 Mei]]. Mradi wa [[mito ya Kenya]] ulifikisha idadi ya makala kuwa 43,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Kaptarit]] tarehe [[7 Julai]] 2018, kuwa 44,000 tarehe [[30 Julai]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Nyairoko]], kuwa 45,000 tarehe [[12 Agosti]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Ilangi]], kuwa 46,000 tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Wakavi]], tena kuwa 47,000 tarehe [[8 Novemba]] kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Olkimatare]]. Tarehe [[7 Februari]] [[2019]] mradi wa [[Orodha ya visiwa vya Tanzania|visiwa vya Tanzania]] ulivusha Wikipedia yetu katika elfu ya 48 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[kisiwa cha Musira]]. Tarehe [[23 Machi]] 2019 mradi wa [[Orodha ya mito ya Uganda|Mito ya Uganda]] ulivusha Wikipedia yetu katika elfu ya 49 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Wangodugu]], tarehe [[3 Mei]] 2019 uliifikisha katika idadi ya 50,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mto Ocere]], tarehe [[31 Mei]] uliivusha tena katika elfu ya 51 kwa makala juu ya [[mto Osia]] na tarehe 16 Julai uliifikisha idadi ya 52,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mto Rwoho]]. Tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 2019 mradi kuhusu ugatuzi nchini [[Cote d'Ivoire]] ulizaa makala ya 53,000 kuhusu [[Tarafa ya Tiémélékro]]. Tunawashukuru wachangiaji wetu kutoka nchi hiyo ya [[Afrika Magharibi]]. Tarehe [[4 Oktoba]] 2019 mradi kuhusu [[watakatifu]] wa [[Afrika]] ulifikisha makala za Wikipedia hii katika idadi ya 54,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[wafiadini]] [[Suksesi na wenzake 17]], na tarehe [[13 Desemba]] 2019 [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika|mradi huohuo]] ulifikisha idadi ya makala hadi 55,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Yusto askofu]]. Tarehe [[10 Machi]] [[2020]] mradi wa [[Makabila ya Uganda]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 56,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Wakumam]]. Tarehe [[17 Machi]] 2020 mradi wa [[wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 57,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Gilmar Rinaldi]]. Kurasa elfu kwa juma moja tu! Tarehe [[3 Aprili]] 2020 mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 58,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Gihororo (Karuzi)]]. Tarehe [[22 Mei]] 2020 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Rwanda]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 59,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mukarange]]. Tarehe [[20 Agosti]] 2020 mradi wa [[mito]] ya [[Burundi]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 60,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Mto Rubirizi (Muramvya)]]. Tarehe [[8 Novemba]] 2020 Wikipedia yetu ilitimiza tena idadi hiyo (baada ya makala 907 kufutwa na steward fulani kwa mkupuo mmoja). Ukurasa husika ni juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Andrea Avellino]]. Tarehe [[15 Machi]] [[2021]] tulifikia makala 61,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[mtakatifu]] [[Agrikola wa Chalon]]. Tarehe [[7 Mei]] 2021 mradi wa [[miji]] ya [[Italia]] ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu kwenye makala ya 62,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[San Giovanni Rotondo]]. Tarehe [[8 Juni]] 2021 mradi wa Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha kuhusu viwanja vya michezo ulifikisha Wikipedia yetu hadi kutunga makala ya 63,000 na kusonga mbele haraka. Tarehe [[19 Juni]] 2021 Wikipedia hii ilivuka makala ya 64,000 kutokana na tendo la kurudisha makala 907 lililofanywa na steward aliyekuwa amezifuta kwa mkupuo mmoja mwaka 2020. Tarehe [[5 Julai]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 65,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Mwea]] katika mradi wa [[kata]] za [[Kenya]] na tarehe [[14 Agosti]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 66,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Makutano]] katika mradi huohuo. Tarehe [[9 Septemba]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 67,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Nairagie Ngare]] katika mradi wa vijiji vya Kenya. Tarehe [[29 Oktoba]] 2021 ilifikia idadi ya 68,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chambishi]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Zambia]]. Tarehe [[11 Januari]] [[2022]] Wikipedia hii ilifikia idadi ya 69,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Maroua]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Kamerun]], tarehe [[10 Machi]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 70,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ilesa]] katika mradi wa miji ya [[Nigeria]], tarehe [[23 Aprili]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 71,000 kwa makala nyingi za mradi wa [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki|Arusha Editathon Muziki]]. Kazi kubwa ni kuziweka sawa. Tarehe [[14 Mei]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 72,000, tarehe [[6 Juni]] 2022 ilifikia idadi ya 73,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Frenda]], mji wa [[Algeria]], tarehe [[15 Julai]] 2022 idadi ya 74,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Ghuba ya Venezuela]], tarehe [[17 Septemba]] 2022 idadi ya 75,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Kouandé]], [[mji]] wa [[Benin]] na tarehe [[23 Desemba]] 2022 idadi ya 76,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Bouhjar]], [[mji]] wa [[Tunisia]]. Tarehe [[25 Machi]] [[2023]] Wikipedia hii ilifikia idadi ya 77,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chomutov]], [[mji]] wa [[Ucheki]], tarehe [[15 Juni]] [[2023]] idadi ya 78,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Jamil Adam]] katika mradi wa [[Mchezaji|wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]], na tarehe [[9 Desemba]] 2023 idadi ya 79,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Chemchem (Unguja)]] katika mradi wa kata mpya za Tanzania. Mwaka [[2024]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imesonga mbele kwa kasi zaidi: tarehe [[21 Aprili]] imekuwa na makala ya 80,000 kuhusu [[mwandamizi]], tarehe [[11 Juni]] imekuwa na makala ya 81,000 kuhusu [[Kufukuzwa kwa Wamoroko kutoka Algeria]], tarehe [[10 Julai]] makala ya 82,000 kuhusu [[pipa]], tarehe [[19 Septemba]] makala ya 83,000 kuhusu [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] [[Jacques Riparelli]], tarehe [[8 Oktoba]] makala ya 84,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Jürgen Kühl]], tarehe [[20 Oktoba]] makala ya 85,000 kuhusu [[mtakatifu]] [[Leoniani wa Vienne]], tarehe [[7 Novemba]] makala ya 86,000 kuhusu mwanariadha [[Juma Ndiwa]], tarehe [[22 Novemba]] makala ya 87,000 kuhusu [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanakandanda]] [[Nicholas Lindsay]], tarehe [[1 Desemba]] makala ya 88,000 kuhusu mwanakandanda wa kike [[Stephanie Bukovec]], tarehe 9 Desemba makala ya 89,000 kuhusu jimbo la [[Norwei]] [[Vestland]] na tarehe 11 Desemba makala ya 90,000 kuhusu mchezaji [[Jason Hartill]].‎ Mwaka [[2025]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imezidi tena kukua kwa kasi: tarehe [[6 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 91,000 kuhusu mwanasiasa [[Saka Isau]], tarehe [[13 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 92,000 kuhusu [[mwanamuziki]] [[Terry Tufts]], tarehe 22 Januari imefikia makala ya 93,000 inayomhusu mchezaji [[Grant Needham]], tarehe [[31 Januari]] imekuwa na makala ya 94,000 kuhusu [[askofu]] [[Joseph Mukasa Zuza]], tarehe [[6 Februari]] imekuwa na makala ya 95,000 juu ya [[Uwanja wa Michezo wa Perth Rectangular]], tarehe [[18 Februari]] imefikia makala ya 96,000 kuhusu mwimbaji [[Janie Fricke]], tarehe [[25 Februari]] imefikia makala ya 97,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[kardinali]] [[Giulio Bevilacqua]], tarehe [[9 Machi]] imefikia makala ya 98,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu mwimbaji [[Kirsten Price]] na tarehe [[4 Juni]] imefikia makala ya 99,000 kwa ukurasa kuhusu [[wilaya ya Luanshya]] nchini [[Zambia]] na hatimaye tarehe [[23 Juni]] makala ya 100,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Barclayville]].‎ Ni Wikipedia ya Afrika ya nne kukamilisha makala laki moja, siku chache baada ya ile ya Malagasy. Kwa kasi hiyohiyo Wikipedia yetu imepiku mapema toleo hilo la [[Madagaska]] na tarehe 23 Agosti kuwahi nakala ya 101,000 kuhusu [[Dada wa Cooney]]. Tarehe 8 Oktoba imetungwa makala ya 102,000 kuhusu [[Irene Charnley]] na tarehe 8 Desemba makala ya 103,000 kuhusu [[Carlentini]], mji wa [[Sisilia|Sicilia]], [[Italia visiwani]]. Mwaka [[2026]] Wikipedia ya Kiswahili imefikia kwanza makala ya 104,000 tarehe [[10 Januari]] kuhusu [[filamu]] [[Miss Fatimah]], halafu makala ya 105,000 tarehe [[31 Januari]] kuhusu [[Eliane Rosa Naika]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]], makala ya 106,000 tarehe [[11 Februari]] kuhusu [[Musa Tukur Yakasai]], profesa wa [[Nigeria]], makala ya 107,000 tarehe [[23 Februari]] kuhusu [[Chang Ming-che]], [[mwanataaluma]] wa [[Taiwan]], na makala ya 108,000 tarehe [[18 Machi]] kuhusu [[Wahindi wa Tanzania]]. Tarehe 9 Aprili 2026 limefanyika haririo la 1,500,000 tangu Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kuanzishwa; siku hiyohiyo imepata makala ya 109,000 kuhusu [[Cyprien Mbonimpa]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Burundi]]. Halafu tarehe 16 Aprili 2026 imefikia idadi ya makala 110,000 kwa ukurasa juu ya [[Linda Moss]], mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, tarehe 21 Aprili 2026 imewahi kupata makala ya 111,000 kuhusu Janet Nwadiogo Mokelu, mwanasiasa mwingine wa nchi hiyohiyo, na tarehe 28 Aprili 2026 imepata makala ya 112,000 inayohusu [[Silverio Izaguirre]], [[Mpira wa miguu|mwanasoka]] wa [[Hispania]]. Tarehe 7 Mei 2026 Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ilifikisha makala 113,000 inayohusu [[Jan Eliasberg]] mwongozaji na mwandishi wa filamu, maonyesho ya jukwaa, na televisheni kutoka nchini Marekani. Kisha, tarehe 10 Mei 2026, ilifikisha makala 114,000 kwa kupitia makala ya [[Hellen Linkswiler]] (5 Januari 1912 – 24 Juni 1984), mtaalamu wa lishe na mwanasayansi wa lishe kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyefanya utafiti kuhusu mahitaji ya madini katika mwili wa binadamu na asidi amino. Mapema tarehe 13 Mei 2026 makala ya 115,000 ilitungwa kuhusu [[Nadia Ginetti]], mwanasiasa wa Italia; tarehe 16 Mei 2026 makala juu ya [[John Brodie (mwanasoka aliyezaliwa 1862)]] imefanya idadi ifikie 116,000; tarehe 19 Mei 2026 iliandikwa makala juu ya wanamuziki [[Modern Talking]] ambayo imekuwa ya 117,000; tarehe 23 Mei 2026 Wikipedia hii imefikia idadi ya 118,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Tod Lippy]], msanii wa Marekani, na tarehe 26 Mei 2026 imefikia idadi ya 119,000 kwa makala juu ya [[Salih Zaki Bey]], [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Iraki]]. Kabla ya mwezi huo kwisha, tarehe 30 Mei 2026 ulitungwa ukurasa wa 120,000 juu ya [[Valentin Filatov (mkufunzi wa dubu)]], halafu tarehe 14 Julai 2026 ulitungwa ukurasa wa 121,000 juu ya [[Sadako Pointer]], [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]], tarehe 6 Agosti 2026 umetungwa ukurasa wa 122,000 juu ya [[Bonnaye Mims]], [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]], tarehe 12 Agosti ukurasa wa 123,000 juu ya [[Arne Friedrich]], [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Ujerumani]], tarehe 20 Agosti ukurasa wa 124,000 kuhusu [[historia ya Réunion|historia ya Reunion]], tarehe 25 Agosti ukurasa wa 125,000 kuhusu [[Maddy Foley]], mwigizaji wa [[Kanada]], na tarehe 5 Septemba ukurasa wa 126,000 kuhusu [[Mike Lazaridis]], [[mfanyabiashara]] wa Kanada. ==Kati ya Wikipedia za Afrika== Kwa lugha zenye asili ya Afrika na [[visiwa]] vya jirani, Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili ndiyo ya tatu kwa idadi ya makala zote (na ya zile zisizo fupi mno) ikifuatia Wikipedia ya [[Kiarabu cha Misri]] na ile ya [[Kiafrikaans]]. Pia ilikuwa ya kwanza kati ya Wikipedia za [[lugha za Niger-Kongo]] kuvuka kiwango cha makala 1,000. Sasa zilizovuka kiwango hicho zimeongezeka, lakini ya Kiswahili bado inaongoza kisha kuwa ya kwanza kufikia makala 100,000. Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili ilikuwa ya pili katika Afrika nzima kuvuka kiasi cha makala 10,000 baada ya [[Wikipedia ya Kiafrikaans]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901052536/http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/27/business/wiki.php ''Building Wikipedia in African languages''], by Noam Cohen, [[:en:International Herald Tribune|International Herald Tribune]], [[27 Agosti]] [[2006]].</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Wikipedia ya Kiafrikaans]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiarabu]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kibulgaria]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kicheki]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kichina]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kidenmark]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiebrania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiesperanto]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiestonia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kifaransa]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kifini]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihaiti]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihispania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiholanzi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kihungaria]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiindonesia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiitalia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kijapani]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kijerumani]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza Rahisi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikatala]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikorea]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kikroatia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kilingala]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kilithuania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kinorwei]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kipoland]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kireno]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiromania]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kirusi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiserbia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kislovakia]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kislovene]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiswidi]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kituruki]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiukraini]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiwolofu]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kiyoruba]] * [[Wikipedia ya Kizulu]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [[mwanzo|Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili]] {{Mawikipedia}} {{Wikipedia za Kiafrika}} [[Jamii:Kiswahili]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia kwa lugha tofauti]] 029x3vba0uayitd7pvtm9ld0eyg3nd2 4 30323 1594571 1577645 2026-09-05T10:03:15Z Jafutalepius 92161 /* */ 1594571 wikitext text/x-wiki Msanii Opa Kanto ni msanii wa Bongo fleva na Afrobeat amesajiwa BASATA ni msanii kutoka Dodoma Tanzania amezaliwa tarehe 28 Desemba 1991. ==Weka maombi hapa chini== Sebastian ClemenceMunisi (born 17 November 1995), also known as Kevinhos, Tanzanian ==H== *[[Haruka Yoshimura]] ([[:en:Haruka Yoshimura|en]]) ==N== *[[Nadia Pariss]] ([[:pt:Nadia Pariss|pt]]) *[[Nika Melia]] (:en:Nika Melia|en]]) ==S== *[[Saraṇa Bhikkhu]] ([[:es:Saraṇa Bhikkhu|es]]) *[[Sunny Star]] ([[:fy:Sunny Star|fy]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]]== [[Ally Sykes]] ([[:en:Ally Sykes|en]]), [[Amandina Lihamba]] ([[:en:Amandina Lihamba|en]]), [[Ammaar Ghadiyali]] ([[:en:Ammaar Ghadiyali|en]]), [[Bayume Mohamed Husen]] ([[:en:Bayume Mohamed Husen|en]]), [[Betty Boniphace]] ([[:en:Betty Boniphace|en]]), [[Carolyne Bernard]] ([[:en:Carolyne Bernard|en]]), [[Chipo Chung]] ([[:en:Chipo Chung|en]]), [[David Adjaye]] ([[:en:David Adjaye|en]]), [[Emilian Polino]] ([[:en:Emilian Polino|en]]), [[Francis Cheka]] ([[:en:Francis Cheka|en]]), [[Hasheem Thabeet]] ([[:en:Hasheem Thabeet|en]]), [[Ivo Mapunda]] ([[:en:Ivo Mapunda|en]]), [[Judith Kirton-Darling]] ([[:en:Judith Kirton-Darling|en]]), [[Lwiza John]] ([[:en:Lwiza John|en]]), [[Maneno Oswald]] ([[:en:Maneno Oswald|en]]), [[Marin Hinkle]] ([[:en:Marin Hinkle|en]]), [[Martin Kolikoli]] ([[:en:Martin Kolikoli|en]]), [[Mwele Ntuli Malecela]] ([[:en:Mwele Ntuli Malecela|en]]), [[Omari Kimweri]] ([[:en:Omari Kimweri|en]]), [[Rachel Luttrell]] ([[:en:Rachel Luttrell|en]]), [[Rashid Chidi Gumbo]] ([[:en:Rashid Chidi Gumbo|en]]), [[Renatus Boniface Njohole]] ([[:en:Renatus Boniface Njohole|en]]), [[Salum Swedi]] ([[:en:Salum Swedi|en]]), [[Yasmin Ratansi]] ([[:en:Yasmin Ratansi|en]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]]== [[John Yuda Msuri]] ([[:en:John Yuda Msuri|en]]), [[Juma Ikangaa]] ([[:en:Juma Ikangaa|en]]), [[Nale Boniface]] ([[:en:Nale Boniface|en]]), [[Rogers Mtagwa]] ([[:en:Rogers Mtagwa|en]]) ==Watu maarufu wa Kiukreni== * ||1||([[:en:Yuriy Drohobych]])||[[Yuriy Drohobych]]|| * ||2||([[:en:Mykhaylo Maksymovych]])||[[Mykhaylo Maksymovych]]|| * ||3||([[:en:Pavlo Virsky]])||[[Pavlo Virskiy]]|| * ||4||([[:en:Mykhailo Hrushevsky]])||[[Mykhailo Hrushevskiy]]|| * ||5||([[:uk:Заболотний Данило Кирилович]])||[[Danylo Zabolotniy]]|| * ||6||([[:en:Volodymyr Ivasyuk]])||[[Volodymyr Ivasyuk]]|| * ||7||([[:de:Pantelejmon Kulisch]])||[[Panteleimon Kulish]]|| * ||8||([[:en:Ivan Puluj]])||[[Ivan Puluj]]|| * ||9||([[:uk:Іван Георгій Пінзель]])||[[Ivan Georgiy Pinzel]]|| * ||10||([[:en:Gregory Skovoroda]])||[[Hryhorii Skovoroda]]|| * ||11||([[:de:Oles Hontschar]])||[[Oles Hontschar]]|| * ||12||([[:de:Borys Paton]])||[[Borys Paton]]|| * ||13||([[:en:Mykola Leontovych]])||[[Mykola Leontovych]]|| * ||14||([[:fr:Vladyslav Horodetskiy]])||[[Vladyslav Horodetskiy]]|| * ||15||([[:en:Yuri Kondratyuk]])||[[Yuriy Kondratyuk]]|| * ||16||([[:uk:Гулак Микола Іванович]])||[[Mykola Hulak]]|||| * ||17||([[:uk:Вороний Юрій Юрійович]])||[[Yuriy Voroniy]]|||| * ||18||([[:en:Petro Prokopovych]])||[[Petro Prokopovych]]|| * ||19||([[:uk:Холодний Микола Григорович]])||[[Mykola Kholodniy]]|||| * ||20||([[:es:Stephen Timoshenko]])||[[Stepan Tymoshenko]]|| * ||21||([[:uk:Писаржевський Лев Володимирович]])|||| * ||22||([[:it:Jurij Fëdorovič Lisjanskij]])||[[Jurij Lisianskij]]|| * ||23||([[:en:Ivan Mykolaichuk]])||[[Ivan Mykolaichuk]]|| * ||24||([[:en:Mykola Skrypnyk]])||[[Mykola Skrypnyk]]|| * ||25||([[:pl:Mykoła Tereszczenko]])||[[Mykola Tereszczenko]]|| * ||26||([[:en:Fedir Vovk]])||[[Fedir Vovk]]|| * ||27||([[:uk:Думанський Антон Володимирович]])||[[Anton Dumanskiy]]|||| * ||28||([[:uk:Тимченко Йосип Андрійович]])||[[Yosyp Tymchenko]]|||| * ||29||([[:en:Dmytro Yavornytsky]])||[[Dmytro Yavornytsky]]|| * ||30||([[:en:Maksim Kovalevsky]])||[[Maksym Kovalevsky]]|| * ||31||([[:en:Solomiya Krushelnytska]])||[[Solomiya Krushelnytska]]|| * ||32||([[:en:Vasyl Sukhomlynsky]] ]])||[[Vasyl Sukhomlynskiy]] || * ||33||([[:es:Teófanes Prokopóvich]])||[[Pheophan Prokopovych]]|| * ||34||([[:en:Evgeny Paton]])||[[Evhen Paton]]|| * ||35||([[:en:Valentyn Glushko]] )||[[Valentyn Glushko]] || * ||36||([[:uk:Караваєв Володимир Опанасович (хірург)]])||[[Volodymyr Karavayev]]|| * ||37||([[:en:Les Kurbas]])||[[Les Kurbas]]|| * ||38||([[:de:Kateryna Bilokur]])||[[Kateryna Bilokur]]|| * ||39||([[:uk:Піддубний Іван Максимович]])||[[Ivan Piddubniy]] * ||40||([[:uk:Птуха Михайло Васильович]])||[[Mykhailo Ptukha]]|| ==Thai people== * [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] ([[:en:Bhumibol Adulyadej|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1927–2016) * [[Ananda Mahidol]] ([[:en:Ananda Mahidol|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1925–1946) * [[Sirikit]] ([[:en:Sirikit|en]]) - former queen consort of Thailand (1932–) * [[Ubol Ratana]] ([[:en:Ubol Ratana|en]]) - Thai princess (1951–) * [[Siriporn Ampaipong]] ([[:en:Siriporn Ampaipong|en]]) - Thai female singer (1962–) * [[Santi Duangsawang]] ([[:en:Santi Duangsawang|en]]) - Thai male singer (1968–) * [[Phai Phongsathon]] ([[:en:Phai Phongsathon|en]]) - Thai male singer (1982–) * [[Davika Hoorne]] ([[:en:Davika Hoorne|en]])- Thai actress (1992–) [[Jamii:Jumuiya]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] 7xgvi4t6q9lywpkb0pj0d7iyss0x82s 1594574 1594571 2026-09-05T10:17:57Z Jafutalepius 92161 /* */ 1594574 wikitext text/x-wiki Msanii Archadius Mtungi Richard (Opa Kanto) ni msanii wa Bongo fleva na Afrobeat anatamba na kibao chake Cha kwanza Pambana, ni msanii kutoka Dodoma Tanzania amezaliwa tarehe 28 Desemba 1991 uko Kyerwa mkoani Kagera. ==Weka maombi hapa chini== Sebastian ClemenceMunisi (born 17 November 1995), also known as Kevinhos, Tanzanian ==H== *[[Haruka Yoshimura]] ([[:en:Haruka Yoshimura|en]]) ==N== *[[Nadia Pariss]] ([[:pt:Nadia Pariss|pt]]) *[[Nika Melia]] (:en:Nika Melia|en]]) ==S== *[[Saraṇa Bhikkhu]] ([[:es:Saraṇa Bhikkhu|es]]) *[[Sunny Star]] ([[:fy:Sunny Star|fy]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]]== [[Ally Sykes]] ([[:en:Ally Sykes|en]]), [[Amandina Lihamba]] ([[:en:Amandina Lihamba|en]]), [[Ammaar Ghadiyali]] ([[:en:Ammaar Ghadiyali|en]]), [[Bayume Mohamed Husen]] ([[:en:Bayume Mohamed Husen|en]]), [[Betty Boniphace]] ([[:en:Betty Boniphace|en]]), [[Carolyne Bernard]] ([[:en:Carolyne Bernard|en]]), [[Chipo Chung]] ([[:en:Chipo Chung|en]]), [[David Adjaye]] ([[:en:David Adjaye|en]]), [[Emilian Polino]] ([[:en:Emilian Polino|en]]), [[Francis Cheka]] ([[:en:Francis Cheka|en]]), [[Hasheem Thabeet]] ([[:en:Hasheem Thabeet|en]]), [[Ivo Mapunda]] ([[:en:Ivo Mapunda|en]]), [[Judith Kirton-Darling]] ([[:en:Judith Kirton-Darling|en]]), [[Lwiza John]] ([[:en:Lwiza John|en]]), [[Maneno Oswald]] ([[:en:Maneno Oswald|en]]), [[Marin Hinkle]] ([[:en:Marin Hinkle|en]]), [[Martin Kolikoli]] ([[:en:Martin Kolikoli|en]]), [[Mwele Ntuli Malecela]] ([[:en:Mwele Ntuli Malecela|en]]), [[Omari Kimweri]] ([[:en:Omari Kimweri|en]]), [[Rachel Luttrell]] ([[:en:Rachel Luttrell|en]]), [[Rashid Chidi Gumbo]] ([[:en:Rashid Chidi Gumbo|en]]), [[Renatus Boniface Njohole]] ([[:en:Renatus Boniface Njohole|en]]), [[Salum Swedi]] ([[:en:Salum Swedi|en]]), [[Yasmin Ratansi]] ([[:en:Yasmin Ratansi|en]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]]== [[John Yuda Msuri]] ([[:en:John Yuda Msuri|en]]), [[Juma Ikangaa]] ([[:en:Juma Ikangaa|en]]), [[Nale Boniface]] ([[:en:Nale Boniface|en]]), [[Rogers Mtagwa]] ([[:en:Rogers Mtagwa|en]]) ==Watu maarufu wa Kiukreni== * ||1||([[:en:Yuriy Drohobych]])||[[Yuriy Drohobych]]|| * ||2||([[:en:Mykhaylo Maksymovych]])||[[Mykhaylo Maksymovych]]|| * ||3||([[:en:Pavlo Virsky]])||[[Pavlo Virskiy]]|| * ||4||([[:en:Mykhailo Hrushevsky]])||[[Mykhailo Hrushevskiy]]|| * ||5||([[:uk:Заболотний Данило Кирилович]])||[[Danylo Zabolotniy]]|| * ||6||([[:en:Volodymyr Ivasyuk]])||[[Volodymyr Ivasyuk]]|| * ||7||([[:de:Pantelejmon Kulisch]])||[[Panteleimon Kulish]]|| * ||8||([[:en:Ivan Puluj]])||[[Ivan Puluj]]|| * ||9||([[:uk:Іван Георгій Пінзель]])||[[Ivan Georgiy Pinzel]]|| * ||10||([[:en:Gregory Skovoroda]])||[[Hryhorii Skovoroda]]|| * ||11||([[:de:Oles Hontschar]])||[[Oles Hontschar]]|| * ||12||([[:de:Borys Paton]])||[[Borys Paton]]|| * ||13||([[:en:Mykola Leontovych]])||[[Mykola Leontovych]]|| * ||14||([[:fr:Vladyslav Horodetskiy]])||[[Vladyslav Horodetskiy]]|| * ||15||([[:en:Yuri Kondratyuk]])||[[Yuriy Kondratyuk]]|| * ||16||([[:uk:Гулак Микола Іванович]])||[[Mykola Hulak]]|||| * ||17||([[:uk:Вороний Юрій Юрійович]])||[[Yuriy Voroniy]]|||| * ||18||([[:en:Petro Prokopovych]])||[[Petro Prokopovych]]|| * ||19||([[:uk:Холодний Микола Григорович]])||[[Mykola Kholodniy]]|||| * ||20||([[:es:Stephen Timoshenko]])||[[Stepan Tymoshenko]]|| * ||21||([[:uk:Писаржевський Лев Володимирович]])|||| * ||22||([[:it:Jurij Fëdorovič Lisjanskij]])||[[Jurij Lisianskij]]|| * ||23||([[:en:Ivan Mykolaichuk]])||[[Ivan Mykolaichuk]]|| * ||24||([[:en:Mykola Skrypnyk]])||[[Mykola Skrypnyk]]|| * ||25||([[:pl:Mykoła Tereszczenko]])||[[Mykola Tereszczenko]]|| * ||26||([[:en:Fedir Vovk]])||[[Fedir Vovk]]|| * ||27||([[:uk:Думанський Антон Володимирович]])||[[Anton Dumanskiy]]|||| * ||28||([[:uk:Тимченко Йосип Андрійович]])||[[Yosyp Tymchenko]]|||| * ||29||([[:en:Dmytro Yavornytsky]])||[[Dmytro Yavornytsky]]|| * ||30||([[:en:Maksim Kovalevsky]])||[[Maksym Kovalevsky]]|| * ||31||([[:en:Solomiya Krushelnytska]])||[[Solomiya Krushelnytska]]|| * ||32||([[:en:Vasyl Sukhomlynsky]] ]])||[[Vasyl Sukhomlynskiy]] || * ||33||([[:es:Teófanes Prokopóvich]])||[[Pheophan Prokopovych]]|| * ||34||([[:en:Evgeny Paton]])||[[Evhen Paton]]|| * ||35||([[:en:Valentyn Glushko]] )||[[Valentyn Glushko]] || * ||36||([[:uk:Караваєв Володимир Опанасович (хірург)]])||[[Volodymyr Karavayev]]|| * ||37||([[:en:Les Kurbas]])||[[Les Kurbas]]|| * ||38||([[:de:Kateryna Bilokur]])||[[Kateryna Bilokur]]|| * ||39||([[:uk:Піддубний Іван Максимович]])||[[Ivan Piddubniy]] * ||40||([[:uk:Птуха Михайло Васильович]])||[[Mykhailo Ptukha]]|| ==Thai people== * [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] ([[:en:Bhumibol Adulyadej|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1927–2016) * [[Ananda Mahidol]] ([[:en:Ananda Mahidol|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1925–1946) * [[Sirikit]] ([[:en:Sirikit|en]]) - former queen consort of Thailand (1932–) * [[Ubol Ratana]] ([[:en:Ubol Ratana|en]]) - Thai princess (1951–) * [[Siriporn Ampaipong]] ([[:en:Siriporn Ampaipong|en]]) - Thai female singer (1962–) * [[Santi Duangsawang]] ([[:en:Santi Duangsawang|en]]) - Thai male singer (1968–) * [[Phai Phongsathon]] ([[:en:Phai Phongsathon|en]]) - Thai male singer (1982–) * [[Davika Hoorne]] ([[:en:Davika Hoorne|en]])- Thai actress (1992–) [[Jamii:Jumuiya]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] c4h0pqbxez6reg1j3ehc0fdtgq45nx4 1594578 1594574 2026-09-05T10:27:50Z Jafutalepius 92161 /* */ 1594578 wikitext text/x-wiki Opa Kanto ni msanii wa muziki kutoka Tanzania anayejihusisha na muziki wa Kiswahili, akilenga kuchanganya mitindo ya Bongo Fleva, Afrobeat na Afro-pop ya Afrika Mashariki. Muziki wake unalenga hadhira ya Tanzania na Afrika Mashariki. Maisha na kazi Opa Kanto alianza kujenga utambulisho wake wa kisanii kupitia muziki wa Kiswahili na matumizi ya teknolojia za kisasa katika utayarishaji wa muziki. Kazi zake zimejikita katika mada mbalimbali zinazohusiana na maisha ya kila siku, mapenzi, juhudi za kutafuta maisha, vijana na jamii. Mtindo wa muziki Mtindo wa Opa Kanto unaathiriwa na Bongo Fleva pamoja na midundo ya Afrobeat na Afro-pop ya Afrika Mashariki. Katika baadhi ya kazi zake, hutumia midundo yenye asili ya Afrika Mashariki, gitaa, saxophone, percussion na nyimbo za kundi (backing vocals). Anatumia Kiswahili kama lugha kuu katika kazi zake, huku akilenga kufanya muziki unaoweza kusikilizwa na hadhira ya Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda na maeneo mengine ya Afrika Mashariki. Matumizi ya teknolojia katika muziki Opa Kanto amekuwa akivutiwa na matumizi ya teknolojia za akili bandia (AI) katika utayarishaji wa muziki. Teknolojia hiyo hutumika kama sehemu ya mchakato wa ubunifu na utayarishaji wa baadhi ya kazi zake, huku akijenga utambulisho wake mwenyewe wa kisanii. ==Weka maombi hapa chini== Sebastian ClemenceMunisi (born 17 November 1995), also known as Kevinhos, Tanzanian ==H== *[[Haruka Yoshimura]] ([[:en:Haruka Yoshimura|en]]) ==N== *[[Nadia Pariss]] ([[:pt:Nadia Pariss|pt]]) *[[Nika Melia]] (:en:Nika Melia|en]]) ==S== *[[Saraṇa Bhikkhu]] ([[:es:Saraṇa Bhikkhu|es]]) *[[Sunny Star]] ([[:fy:Sunny Star|fy]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]]== [[Ally Sykes]] ([[:en:Ally Sykes|en]]), [[Amandina Lihamba]] ([[:en:Amandina Lihamba|en]]), [[Ammaar Ghadiyali]] ([[:en:Ammaar Ghadiyali|en]]), [[Bayume Mohamed Husen]] ([[:en:Bayume Mohamed Husen|en]]), [[Betty Boniphace]] ([[:en:Betty Boniphace|en]]), [[Carolyne Bernard]] ([[:en:Carolyne Bernard|en]]), [[Chipo Chung]] ([[:en:Chipo Chung|en]]), [[David Adjaye]] ([[:en:David Adjaye|en]]), [[Emilian Polino]] ([[:en:Emilian Polino|en]]), [[Francis Cheka]] ([[:en:Francis Cheka|en]]), [[Hasheem Thabeet]] ([[:en:Hasheem Thabeet|en]]), [[Ivo Mapunda]] ([[:en:Ivo Mapunda|en]]), [[Judith Kirton-Darling]] ([[:en:Judith Kirton-Darling|en]]), [[Lwiza John]] ([[:en:Lwiza John|en]]), [[Maneno Oswald]] ([[:en:Maneno Oswald|en]]), [[Marin Hinkle]] ([[:en:Marin Hinkle|en]]), [[Martin Kolikoli]] ([[:en:Martin Kolikoli|en]]), [[Mwele Ntuli Malecela]] ([[:en:Mwele Ntuli Malecela|en]]), [[Omari Kimweri]] ([[:en:Omari Kimweri|en]]), [[Rachel Luttrell]] ([[:en:Rachel Luttrell|en]]), [[Rashid Chidi Gumbo]] ([[:en:Rashid Chidi Gumbo|en]]), [[Renatus Boniface Njohole]] ([[:en:Renatus Boniface Njohole|en]]), [[Salum Swedi]] ([[:en:Salum Swedi|en]]), [[Yasmin Ratansi]] ([[:en:Yasmin Ratansi|en]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]]== [[John Yuda Msuri]] ([[:en:John Yuda Msuri|en]]), [[Juma Ikangaa]] ([[:en:Juma Ikangaa|en]]), [[Nale Boniface]] ([[:en:Nale Boniface|en]]), [[Rogers Mtagwa]] ([[:en:Rogers Mtagwa|en]]) ==Watu maarufu wa Kiukreni== * ||1||([[:en:Yuriy Drohobych]])||[[Yuriy Drohobych]]|| * ||2||([[:en:Mykhaylo Maksymovych]])||[[Mykhaylo Maksymovych]]|| * ||3||([[:en:Pavlo Virsky]])||[[Pavlo Virskiy]]|| * ||4||([[:en:Mykhailo Hrushevsky]])||[[Mykhailo Hrushevskiy]]|| * ||5||([[:uk:Заболотний Данило Кирилович]])||[[Danylo Zabolotniy]]|| * ||6||([[:en:Volodymyr Ivasyuk]])||[[Volodymyr Ivasyuk]]|| * ||7||([[:de:Pantelejmon Kulisch]])||[[Panteleimon Kulish]]|| * ||8||([[:en:Ivan Puluj]])||[[Ivan Puluj]]|| * ||9||([[:uk:Іван Георгій Пінзель]])||[[Ivan Georgiy Pinzel]]|| * ||10||([[:en:Gregory Skovoroda]])||[[Hryhorii Skovoroda]]|| * ||11||([[:de:Oles Hontschar]])||[[Oles Hontschar]]|| * ||12||([[:de:Borys Paton]])||[[Borys Paton]]|| * ||13||([[:en:Mykola Leontovych]])||[[Mykola Leontovych]]|| * ||14||([[:fr:Vladyslav Horodetskiy]])||[[Vladyslav Horodetskiy]]|| * ||15||([[:en:Yuri Kondratyuk]])||[[Yuriy Kondratyuk]]|| * ||16||([[:uk:Гулак Микола Іванович]])||[[Mykola Hulak]]|||| * ||17||([[:uk:Вороний Юрій Юрійович]])||[[Yuriy Voroniy]]|||| * ||18||([[:en:Petro Prokopovych]])||[[Petro Prokopovych]]|| * ||19||([[:uk:Холодний Микола Григорович]])||[[Mykola Kholodniy]]|||| * ||20||([[:es:Stephen Timoshenko]])||[[Stepan Tymoshenko]]|| * ||21||([[:uk:Писаржевський Лев Володимирович]])|||| * ||22||([[:it:Jurij Fëdorovič Lisjanskij]])||[[Jurij Lisianskij]]|| * ||23||([[:en:Ivan Mykolaichuk]])||[[Ivan Mykolaichuk]]|| * ||24||([[:en:Mykola Skrypnyk]])||[[Mykola Skrypnyk]]|| * ||25||([[:pl:Mykoła Tereszczenko]])||[[Mykola Tereszczenko]]|| * ||26||([[:en:Fedir Vovk]])||[[Fedir Vovk]]|| * ||27||([[:uk:Думанський Антон Володимирович]])||[[Anton Dumanskiy]]|||| * ||28||([[:uk:Тимченко Йосип Андрійович]])||[[Yosyp Tymchenko]]|||| * ||29||([[:en:Dmytro Yavornytsky]])||[[Dmytro Yavornytsky]]|| * ||30||([[:en:Maksim Kovalevsky]])||[[Maksym Kovalevsky]]|| * ||31||([[:en:Solomiya Krushelnytska]])||[[Solomiya Krushelnytska]]|| * ||32||([[:en:Vasyl Sukhomlynsky]] ]])||[[Vasyl Sukhomlynskiy]] || * ||33||([[:es:Teófanes Prokopóvich]])||[[Pheophan Prokopovych]]|| * ||34||([[:en:Evgeny Paton]])||[[Evhen Paton]]|| * ||35||([[:en:Valentyn Glushko]] )||[[Valentyn Glushko]] || * ||36||([[:uk:Караваєв Володимир Опанасович (хірург)]])||[[Volodymyr Karavayev]]|| * ||37||([[:en:Les Kurbas]])||[[Les Kurbas]]|| * ||38||([[:de:Kateryna Bilokur]])||[[Kateryna Bilokur]]|| * ||39||([[:uk:Піддубний Іван Максимович]])||[[Ivan Piddubniy]] * ||40||([[:uk:Птуха Михайло Васильович]])||[[Mykhailo Ptukha]]|| ==Thai people== * [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] ([[:en:Bhumibol Adulyadej|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1927–2016) * [[Ananda Mahidol]] ([[:en:Ananda Mahidol|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1925–1946) * [[Sirikit]] ([[:en:Sirikit|en]]) - former queen consort of Thailand (1932–) * [[Ubol Ratana]] ([[:en:Ubol Ratana|en]]) - Thai princess (1951–) * [[Siriporn Ampaipong]] ([[:en:Siriporn Ampaipong|en]]) - Thai female singer (1962–) * [[Santi Duangsawang]] ([[:en:Santi Duangsawang|en]]) - Thai male singer (1968–) * [[Phai Phongsathon]] ([[:en:Phai Phongsathon|en]]) - Thai male singer (1982–) * [[Davika Hoorne]] ([[:en:Davika Hoorne|en]])- Thai actress (1992–) [[Jamii:Jumuiya]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] ld59ay1mq26imv6xd8qeza4mou7ibpp 1594580 1594578 2026-09-05T10:30:58Z Veritas Sapientiae 57512 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/Jafutalepius|Jafutalepius]] ([[User talk:Jafutalepius|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] 1498654 wikitext text/x-wiki ;Kiswahili Hapa ndipo mahali pa kuleta maombi ya kuanzisha makala mpya. Ombi litasubiri hadi hapo watumiaji wetu watakapokuwa na muda wa kuweza kuandika makala hiyo kwa ajili yako. Muda wowote makala iliyoombwa itakapokuwa imefanyiwa kazi, basi utaona alama chini ya makala yenyewe. ;English Here is the place to start applications laying new article. If you put your request here, will depend on the user themselves with time to write this article. The request will outstand until the time one our user have some time to write it for you. Whenever the requested article are been worked out, then you'll see the mark at the bottom of the article are. ==Weka maombi hapa chini== Sebastian ClemenceMunisi (born 17 November 1995), also known as Kevinhos, Tanzanian ==H== *[[Haruka Yoshimura]] ([[:en:Haruka Yoshimura|en]]) ==N== *[[Nadia Pariss]] ([[:pt:Nadia Pariss|pt]]) *[[Nika Melia]] (:en:Nika Melia|en]]) ==S== *[[Saraṇa Bhikkhu]] ([[:es:Saraṇa Bhikkhu|es]]) *[[Sunny Star]] ([[:fy:Sunny Star|fy]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dar es Salaam]]== [[Ally Sykes]] ([[:en:Ally Sykes|en]]), [[Amandina Lihamba]] ([[:en:Amandina Lihamba|en]]), [[Ammaar Ghadiyali]] ([[:en:Ammaar Ghadiyali|en]]), [[Bayume Mohamed Husen]] ([[:en:Bayume Mohamed Husen|en]]), [[Betty Boniphace]] ([[:en:Betty Boniphace|en]]), [[Carolyne Bernard]] ([[:en:Carolyne Bernard|en]]), [[Chipo Chung]] ([[:en:Chipo Chung|en]]), [[David Adjaye]] ([[:en:David Adjaye|en]]), [[Emilian Polino]] ([[:en:Emilian Polino|en]]), [[Francis Cheka]] ([[:en:Francis Cheka|en]]), [[Hasheem Thabeet]] ([[:en:Hasheem Thabeet|en]]), [[Ivo Mapunda]] ([[:en:Ivo Mapunda|en]]), [[Judith Kirton-Darling]] ([[:en:Judith Kirton-Darling|en]]), [[Lwiza John]] ([[:en:Lwiza John|en]]), [[Maneno Oswald]] ([[:en:Maneno Oswald|en]]), [[Marin Hinkle]] ([[:en:Marin Hinkle|en]]), [[Martin Kolikoli]] ([[:en:Martin Kolikoli|en]]), [[Mwele Ntuli Malecela]] ([[:en:Mwele Ntuli Malecela|en]]), [[Omari Kimweri]] ([[:en:Omari Kimweri|en]]), [[Rachel Luttrell]] ([[:en:Rachel Luttrell|en]]), [[Rashid Chidi Gumbo]] ([[:en:Rashid Chidi Gumbo|en]]), [[Renatus Boniface Njohole]] ([[:en:Renatus Boniface Njohole|en]]), [[Salum Swedi]] ([[:en:Salum Swedi|en]]), [[Yasmin Ratansi]] ([[:en:Yasmin Ratansi|en]]) ==Watu kutoka [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]]== [[John Yuda Msuri]] ([[:en:John Yuda Msuri|en]]), [[Juma Ikangaa]] ([[:en:Juma Ikangaa|en]]), [[Nale Boniface]] ([[:en:Nale Boniface|en]]), [[Rogers Mtagwa]] ([[:en:Rogers Mtagwa|en]]) ==Watu maarufu wa Kiukreni== * ||1||([[:en:Yuriy Drohobych]])||[[Yuriy Drohobych]]|| * ||2||([[:en:Mykhaylo Maksymovych]])||[[Mykhaylo Maksymovych]]|| * ||3||([[:en:Pavlo Virsky]])||[[Pavlo Virskiy]]|| * ||4||([[:en:Mykhailo Hrushevsky]])||[[Mykhailo Hrushevskiy]]|| * ||5||([[:uk:Заболотний Данило Кирилович]])||[[Danylo Zabolotniy]]|| * ||6||([[:en:Volodymyr Ivasyuk]])||[[Volodymyr Ivasyuk]]|| * ||7||([[:de:Pantelejmon Kulisch]])||[[Panteleimon Kulish]]|| * ||8||([[:en:Ivan Puluj]])||[[Ivan Puluj]]|| * ||9||([[:uk:Іван Георгій Пінзель]])||[[Ivan Georgiy Pinzel]]|| * ||10||([[:en:Gregory Skovoroda]])||[[Hryhorii Skovoroda]]|| * ||11||([[:de:Oles Hontschar]])||[[Oles Hontschar]]|| * ||12||([[:de:Borys Paton]])||[[Borys Paton]]|| * ||13||([[:en:Mykola Leontovych]])||[[Mykola Leontovych]]|| * ||14||([[:fr:Vladyslav Horodetskiy]])||[[Vladyslav Horodetskiy]]|| * ||15||([[:en:Yuri Kondratyuk]])||[[Yuriy Kondratyuk]]|| * ||16||([[:uk:Гулак Микола Іванович]])||[[Mykola Hulak]]|||| * ||17||([[:uk:Вороний Юрій Юрійович]])||[[Yuriy Voroniy]]|||| * ||18||([[:en:Petro Prokopovych]])||[[Petro Prokopovych]]|| * ||19||([[:uk:Холодний Микола Григорович]])||[[Mykola Kholodniy]]|||| * ||20||([[:es:Stephen Timoshenko]])||[[Stepan Tymoshenko]]|| * ||21||([[:uk:Писаржевський Лев Володимирович]])|||| * ||22||([[:it:Jurij Fëdorovič Lisjanskij]])||[[Jurij Lisianskij]]|| * ||23||([[:en:Ivan Mykolaichuk]])||[[Ivan Mykolaichuk]]|| * ||24||([[:en:Mykola Skrypnyk]])||[[Mykola Skrypnyk]]|| * ||25||([[:pl:Mykoła Tereszczenko]])||[[Mykola Tereszczenko]]|| * ||26||([[:en:Fedir Vovk]])||[[Fedir Vovk]]|| * ||27||([[:uk:Думанський Антон Володимирович]])||[[Anton Dumanskiy]]|||| * ||28||([[:uk:Тимченко Йосип Андрійович]])||[[Yosyp Tymchenko]]|||| * ||29||([[:en:Dmytro Yavornytsky]])||[[Dmytro Yavornytsky]]|| * ||30||([[:en:Maksim Kovalevsky]])||[[Maksym Kovalevsky]]|| * ||31||([[:en:Solomiya Krushelnytska]])||[[Solomiya Krushelnytska]]|| * ||32||([[:en:Vasyl Sukhomlynsky]] ]])||[[Vasyl Sukhomlynskiy]] || * ||33||([[:es:Teófanes Prokopóvich]])||[[Pheophan Prokopovych]]|| * ||34||([[:en:Evgeny Paton]])||[[Evhen Paton]]|| * ||35||([[:en:Valentyn Glushko]] )||[[Valentyn Glushko]] || * ||36||([[:uk:Караваєв Володимир Опанасович (хірург)]])||[[Volodymyr Karavayev]]|| * ||37||([[:en:Les Kurbas]])||[[Les Kurbas]]|| * ||38||([[:de:Kateryna Bilokur]])||[[Kateryna Bilokur]]|| * ||39||([[:uk:Піддубний Іван Максимович]])||[[Ivan Piddubniy]] * ||40||([[:uk:Птуха Михайло Васильович]])||[[Mykhailo Ptukha]]|| ==Thai people== * [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] ([[:en:Bhumibol Adulyadej|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1927–2016) * [[Ananda Mahidol]] ([[:en:Ananda Mahidol|en]]) - former king of Thailand (1925–1946) * [[Sirikit]] ([[:en:Sirikit|en]]) - former queen consort of Thailand (1932–) * [[Ubol Ratana]] ([[:en:Ubol Ratana|en]]) - Thai princess (1951–) * [[Siriporn Ampaipong]] ([[:en:Siriporn Ampaipong|en]]) - Thai female singer (1962–) * [[Santi Duangsawang]] ([[:en:Santi Duangsawang|en]]) - Thai male singer (1968–) * [[Phai Phongsathon]] ([[:en:Phai Phongsathon|en]]) - Thai male singer (1982–) * [[Davika Hoorne]] ([[:en:Davika Hoorne|en]])- Thai actress (1992–) [[Jamii:Jumuiya]] [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] 2eq29shda15t3k3mkdq479gss3a8o6p 0 81064 1594588 1586968 2026-09-05T11:51:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Winners of the Elections for Members of Parliament.jpg|thumb|[[Picha]] za wabunge zilivyofutwa.]] [[File:ASP-TANU kanga.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kanga]] ya kusherehekea miaka 10 ya mapinduzi, ikipongeza vyama vya [[Afro-Shirazi Party|ASP]] na [[TANU]] ([[makumbusho]] ya [[House of Wonders]], [[Stone Town]]).]] [[File:Zanzibar revolution 40 years.JPG|thumb|Rais [[Amani Abeid Karume]] akishiriki sherehe ya miaka 40 tangu mapinduzi kufanyika.]] {{History of Tanzania}} '''Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar''' yalitokea [[mwaka]] [[1964]] ili kumuondoa [[Madaraka|madarakani]] [[Sultani]] wa [[Zanzibar]] na [[serikali]] yake, iliyoundwa hasa na [[Waarabu]], na hatimaye kuweka [[uongozi]] mikononi mwa [[Waafrika]], ambao ndio wengi [[Visiwa|visiwani]] humo (230,000 hivi), kwenye [[bahari ya Hindi]], karibu na [[pwani]] ya [[Tanganyika]]. [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] ulikuwa umepewa na [[Uingereza]] [[uhuru]] wake mwaka [[1963]]. Kabla ya hapo, Waarabu walikuwa wamefaulu kudumisha katika mfululizo wa [[Uchaguzi|chaguzi]] [[utawala]] waliokuwa nao tangu zamani za Zanzibar kuwa chini ya Usultani wa [[Omani]]. [[Chama]] cha [[Afro-Shirazi Party]] (ASP), kilichowakilisha hasa Waafrika, kilipoona kwamba [[bunge|bungeni]] kina viti vichache ingawa kilipata 54% za [[kura]] katika uchaguzi wa Julai [[1963]], kilipatana na chama cha mrengo wa kushoto [[Umma Party (Zanzibar)|Umma Party]]. Tarehe 12 Januari 1964 asubuhi na mapema, mwanachama wa ASP [[John Okello]] ([[1937]]-[[1971]] ?) kutoka [[Uganda]] aliongoza wanamapinduzi 600–800 wa [[kisiwa]] kikuu cha [[Unguja]] kushinda [[polisi]] wa nchi na kuteka [[silaha]] zao. Halafu walielekea [[Mji Mkongwe]] walipompindua Sultani [[Jamshid bin Abdullah]] na serikali yake. Waliokufa katika mapigano wamekadiriwa kuwa 80 hivi tu. Kumbe yalifuata kwa siku kadhaa (labda hadi tarehe [[20 Januari]]) [[maangamizi ya kimbari]] dhidi ya wakazi wenye asili ya Kiarabu (waliokuwa 50,000 hivi) na ya [[Asia Kusini]] (waliokuwa 20,000 hivi); hakuna hakika kuhusu [[idadi]] ya waliouawa: [[kadirio|makadirio]] yanataja kuanzia [[mia]] kadhaa hadi 20,000<ref name="nyt19jan">{{citation|last=Conley|first=Robert|title=Nationalism Is Viewed as Camouflage for Reds | newspaper=The New York Times|page=1|date=19 January 1964|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/19/nationalism-is-viewed-as-camouflage-for-redstoll-2000-to-4000.html}}</ref><ref name="latimes">{{Citation|title=Slaughter in Zanzibar of Asians, Arabs Told|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|page=4|date=20 January 1964|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|access-date=16 April 2009|archive-date=16 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116131907/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mbali ya mauaji, wafuasi wa Okello walibaka maelfu ya wanawake.{{sfn|Petterson|2002|page=65}} Ndani ya wiki chache, asilimia 20 ya wakazi walikuwa wamekufa au kukimbia.<ref>{{citation|last=Minahan|first=James|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z|date=2002 |pages=2088–2089|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313323843}}</ref> na kubomoa majengo. Kiongozi wa ASP [[Abeid Karume]], asiyekuwa na [[Itikadi kali|msimamo mkali]] akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa nchi, na wanachama wa Umma Party walipewa nafasi serikalini. Kufikia Machi Okello alikuwa ameshawekwa pembeni na kufikia Aprili kikosi chake kimeshanyang'anywa silaha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/kilichomponza-okello-baada-ya-kuongoza-mapinduzi-2948368|title=Kilichomponza Okello baada ya kuongoza Mapinduzi|date=17 Mac 2021|website=www.mwananchi.co.tz|accessdate=22 Nov 2022}}</ref>. . Kiongozi wa ASP [[Abeid Karume]], asiyekuwa na [[Itikadi kali|msimamo mkali]] akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa nchi, na wanachama wa Umma party walipewa nafasi serikalini. Kufikia Machi Okello alikuwa ameshawekwa pembeni na kufikia Aprili kikosi chake kimeshanyang'anywa silaha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/kilichomponza-okello-baada-ya-kuongoza-mapinduzi-2948368|title=Kilichomponza Okello baada ya kuongoza Mapinduzi|date=17 Mac 2021|website=www.mwananchi.co.tz|accessdate=22 Nov 2022}}</ref>. Mwelekeo wa [[Ukomunisti|Kikomunisti]] wa baadhi katika serikali mpya uliogopesha [[nchi za Magharibi]]. Kwa kuwa Zanzibar ilikuwa chini ya athari ya Uingereza, serikali yake iliandaa mipango kadhaa. Hata hivyo, hofu ya kuundwa serikali ya Kikomunisti haikutimia kamwe, na kwa kuwa wananchi wa Uingereza na [[Marekani]] waliweza kuhama bila shida, mipango hiyo haikutekelezwa. Wakati huo [[nchi za Kikomunisti]] za [[China]], [[Ujerumani Mashariki]] na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] zilianzisha mahusiano ya kirafiki na serikali mpya ya Zanzibar kwa kuitambua rasmi na kwa kutuma washauri. Karume alifanikisha majadiliano ya kuunganisha Zanzibar na Tanganyika ili kuunda hatimaye [[muungano|muungano]] wa [[Tanzania]]; [[vyombo vya habari]] vilitafsiri muungano huo kuwa juhudi za kuzuia Ukomunisti kugeuza Zanzibar. Mapinduzi yalikomesha miaka 200 ya utawala wa Waarabu Zanzibar, na yanaadhimishwa kila mwaka kama [[sikukuu ya taifa]] zima la Tanzania. == Matukio kwa kinaganaga== Mnamo majira ya saa 9:00 usiku wa tarehe 12 Januari 1964, waasi 600–800 wenye silaha duni, wengi wao wakiwa Waafrika, wakisaidiwa na baadhi ya waliokuwa askari polisi waliofutwa kazi hivi karibuni, walishambulia vituo vya polisi vya Unguja ili kukamata silaha, kisha wakashambulia kituo cha redio. Okello alimshambulia mlinzi wa polisi binafsi, akamnyang'anya bunduki yake, na akaitumia kumchoma polisi huyo kwa kutumia visu hadi akafa. Wakiwa wamejihami kwa mamia ya bunduki za kiotomatiki zilizokamatwa, bunduki ndogo ndogo na bunduki za Bren, waasi hao walichukua udhibiti wa majengo muhimu ya mji mkuu, [[Mji Mkongwe]]. Karibu saa 7:00&nbsp;asubuhi, Okello alitoa matangazo yake ya kwanza ya redio kutoka kituo cha redio cha eneo hilo ambacho wafuasi wake walikuwa wamekikamata saa mbili zilizopita, akiwataka Waafrika kuinuka na kuwapindua "mabeberu". Wakati huo, Okello alijiita tu Fashili. Kulikuwa na uvumi mwingi kuhusu Zanzibar kuhusu utambulisho wa mtu huyu wa ajabu aliyeongoza mapinduzi, ambaye alizungumza Kiswahili kwa lafudhi nzito ya [[Kiacholi]] ya Uganda ambayo haikujulikana Zanzibar. Ndani ya saa sita baada ya kuzuka kwa uhasama, ofisi ya telegrafu ya mji na majengo makuu ya serikali yalikuwa chini ya udhibiti wa mapinduzi, na uwanja pekee wa ndege kisiwani ulikamatwa saa 8:18.&nbsp;jioni. Huko mashambani, mapigano yalikuwa yamezuka kati ya Wamanga, kama Waarabu wa vijijini walivyoitwa, na Waafrika. Wamanga walikuwa na silaha nyingi za uwindaji, na mara tu silaha zilizochukuliwa kutoka vituo vya polisi zilipowafikia waasi mashambani, Wamanga waliangamia. <ref name="p64" /> Inadaiwa na mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani Don Petterson, aliyekuwa akiishi Zanzibar wakati huo, kwamba upinzani mkali zaidi ulikuwa katika kituo cha polisi cha Malindi, ambapo chini ya amri ya Kamishna wa Polisi JM Sullivan (polisi wa Uingereza ambaye alibaki hadi mtu mwingine wa eneo hilo aweze kuajiriwa), mashambulizi yote ya waasi yalizuiwa, hasa kwa sababu waasi walikuwa na tabia ya kurudi nyuma kila waliposhambuliwa. Sullivan hakusalimisha kituo cha Malindi hadi alasiri na baada tu ya risasi kuishiwa. Kama Sullivan alivyodai, aliongoza jeshi lake lote (hakuna polisi hata mmoja aliyeuawa au kujeruhiwa) hadi kwenye gati la Mji Mkongwe ili kupanda boti zilizowapeleka kwenye meli ''Salama'' ili waende mbali na Zanzibar. == Tanbihi== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Marejeo== {{Portal|Tanzania}} *{{citation|last=Bakari|first=Mohammed Ali|title=The Democratisation Process in Zanzibar|year=2001|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|url=https://books.google.com/?id=9yCSamtUeiAC|isbn=3-928049-71-2|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Clayton|first=Anthony|title=Frontiersmen:Warfare in Africa since 1950|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Zg5hipdurBkC|isbn=1-85728-525-5|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *Samuel Daly, Our Mother is Afro-Shirazi, Our Father is the Revolution, Senior Thesis, 2009, Columbia University, New York. *{{citation|last=Guevara|first=Ernesto|title=Venceremos!:The speeches and writings of Ernesto Che Guevara|year=1968|publisher=Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oEAQAAIAAJ&|isbn=0-297-76438-1|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Hernon |first= Ian |title= Britain's Forgotten Wars: Colonial Campaigns of the 19th century |publisher=[[Sutton Publishing]] |year= 2003 |location= Stroud, Gloucestershire |isbn= 978-0-7509-3162-5|postscript=<!--none--> }}. *{{citation|last=Ingrams|first=William H.|title=Zanzibar: Its History and Its People|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=Abingdon|year=1967|isbn=0-7146-1102-6|oclc=186237036|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last1=Kalley|first1=Jacqueline Audrey|last2=Schoeman|first2=Elna|last3=Andor|first3=Lydia Eve|title=Southern African Political History|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|isbn=0-313-30247-2|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Kuper|first=Leo|title=Theories of Revolution and Race Relations|journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History|year=1971|volume=13|issue=1|pages=87–107|jstor=178199|issn=|oclc=|doi=10.1017/S0010417500006125|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Lofchie|first=Michaael F.|title=Was Okello's Revolution a Conspiracy?|journal=Transition|year=1967|issue=33|pages=36–42|jstor=2934114|issn=|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Myers|first=Garth A.|title=Making the Socialist City of Zanzibar|journal=Geographical Review|year=1994|volume=84|issue=4|pages=451–464|issn=|oclc=|doi=10.2307/215759|postscript=<!--none-->|jstor=215759}}. *{{citation|last=Parsons|first=Timothy|title=The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/?id=KoLbjlIYLzwC|isbn=0-325-07068-7|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Plekhanov|first=Sergey|title=A Reformer on the Throne: Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said|year=2004|publisher=Trident Press Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-U8BL-tEPLwC|isbn=1-900724-70-7|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last1=Sheriff|first1=Abdul|last2=Ferguson|first2=Ed|title=Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule|year=1991|publisher=James Currey Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FxUCbQeKjogC|isbn=0-85255-080-4|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|year=2005|publisher=CRC Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|isbn=1-57958-245-1|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Speller|first=Ian|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964.|journal=Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|year=2007|volume=35|issue=2|pages=1–35|url=http://eprints.nuim.ie/archive/00000841/|issn=|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Triplett|first=George W.|title=Zanzibar: The Politics of Revolutionary Inequality|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|year=1971|volume=9|issue=4|pages=612–617|jstor=160218|issn=|oclc=|doi=10.1017/S0022278X0005285X|postscript=<!--none-->}}. == Marejeo mengine == *{{citation|last=Glassman|first=Jonathon|title=War of Words, War of Stones: Racial Thought and Violence in Colonial Zanzibar|year=2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|isbn=978-0-253-22280-0|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Why Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form Tanzania'', ISBN 978-9987-16-045-7 {{Tanzania topics}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Category:Historia ya Zanzibar]] [[Category:Historia ya Tanzania]] [[Category:Mapinduzi]] [[Category:1964]] d6xgmol7y0nay1gv4f4ypgaqhm1gqfh 0 85476 1594438 1574978 2026-09-04T13:53:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vyanzo}} {{Kanisa Katoliki}} '''Jimbo Katoliki la Pavia''' (kwa [[Kilatini]] "Dioecesis Papiensis") ni mojawapo kati ya ma[[dayosisi|jimbo]] 226 ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] nchini [[Italia]] na kama hayo yote (isipokuwa 4) linafuata [[mapokeo ya Kiroma]]. Kikanisa linahusiana na [[Jimbo Kuu la Milano]]. [[Askofu]] wake ni [[Corrado Sanguineti]]. ==Uongozi katika karne XX na XXI== * Agostino Gaetano Riboldi † ([[1877]] - [[1901]]) * Francesco Ciceri † ([[1901]] - [[1924]]) * Giuseppe Ballerini † (26 luglio [[1924]] - 22 giugno [[1933]]) * Giovanni Battista Girardi † (8 maggio [[1934]] - [[1942]]) * Carlo Allorio † ([[1942]] - [[1968]]) * Antonio Giuseppe Angioni † ([[1968]] - [[1986]]) * Giovanni Volta † ([[1986]] - [[2003]]) * Giovanni Giudici ([[2003]] - [[2015]]) * [[Corrado Sanguineti]], kuanzia 16 Novemba [[2015]] ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dpavi.html Catholic Hierarchy] {{mbegu-katoliki}} [[Category:Kanisa Katoliki Italia|Pavia]] [[Jamii:Lombardia]] kq7jkiw7xmmkapbr2z8l3p52wo21haq 0 131722 1594441 1367295 2026-09-04T13:56:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1594441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Castelletto monferrato-chiesa san siro particolare.jpg|thumb|Mt. Siro.]] '''Siro wa Pavia''' (alifariki [[Pavia]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 4]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa kwanza wa [[mji]] [[Pavia|huo]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]])<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/80800 San Siro di Pavia {{it}} </ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[9 Desemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *[[Hippolyte Delehaye]], ''The Legends of the Saints'' (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 1955), 37. *N. Everett, "The Earliest recension of the Life of S. Sirus of Pavia (Vat. lat. 5771)", ''Studi Medievali'' 43 (2002), 857-957 (Latin text, Eng. trans., commentary). *N.Everett, ''Patron Saints of Early Medieval Italy AD c.350-800. History and Hagiography in Ten Biographies''. PIMS / Durham University Press, 2016. ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081014125813/http://saints.sqpn.com/saints08.htm Saint Siro] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080724060525/http://saints.sqpn.com/saints75.htm Saint Syrus of Pavia] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051016091052/http://www.op.org/domcentral/life/martyr09.htm#0912 12 September] at Dominican Martyrology *{{cite web|url=http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/s1centy.htm|title=1st century saints at Orthodox England|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120910023054/http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/s1centy.htm|archivedate=2012-09-10}} *[[:it:San Siro di Pavia|San Siro di Pavia]] at the [[Italian Wikipedia]] *{{it}} [http://www.cartantica.it/pages/collaborazionisansiro.asp San Siro] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 4]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] aieuswce6y9a6o86c35e1l79puuv3xm 0 131783 1594440 1368179 2026-09-04T13:55:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1594440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pompei wa Pavia''' (alifariki [[Pavia]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 4]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa [[mji]] [[Pavia|huo]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) baada ya [[Siro wa Pavia]], akiongoza miaka michache kwa [[amani]] <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90513</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[14 Desemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 4]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] o9vzpvfsbmbab1vjq0n53dz0zv3kker 0 132631 1594439 1422072 2026-09-04T13:55:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1594439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Devotieprent van de heilige Juventius van Pavia, asset m1ligZIarOJKUlh6DhhcYAZa.tif|thumb|Evensi wa Pavia]] '''Evensi wa Pavia''' (pia: '''Iuventius, Eventius'''; [[karne ya 4]] - [[Pavia]], [[Italia]], [[8 Februari]] [[397]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[tatu]] wa [[mji]] [[Pavia|huo]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[381]], alipoteuliwa na [[Ambrosi]], [[askofu mkuu]] wa [[Milano]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/40100</ref>. Alipigania [[Injili]] kwa [[Nguvu (adili)|nguvu]] zake zote. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[8 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 4]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 397]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] knql84vcldabv40git9ybwm2l92svfs 0 148084 1594460 1530169 2026-09-04T17:20:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1594460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lydia Zynnell Zuh''' (alizaliwa [[18 Julai]] [[1990]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Ghana]], [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]], [[mtayarishaji]], mtu wa televisheni na mfadhili ambaye anatoka katika eneo la [[Volta (mto)|Volta]] [[Ghana|nchini Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//Actress-Zynnel-Zuh-strips-down-to-her-lingerie-626534 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archivedate=2019-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012112427/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/Actress-Zynnel-Zuh-strips-down-to-her-lingerie-626534 }}</ref> Alijiunga na tasnia ya [[filamu]] ya [[Ghana]] mwaka wa [[2004]] na tangu wakati huo amepokea tuzo kadhaa kwa kazi yake zikiwemo, Glitz Style Awards, City People Entertainment Awards na Golden Movie Awards .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/ameyaw-debrah-yvonne-okoro/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archivedate=2018-08-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829073655/https://ameyawdebrah.com/ameyaw-debrah-yvonne-okoro/ }}</ref><ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/glitz-style-awards-zynnell-zuh-is-the-serena-williams-of-ghanas-red-carpet/qx64rsc</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/48275/actress-zynnell-zuh-breaks-the-internet-with-red.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/celebrating-zynnell-zuh-her-top-10-red-carpet-moments/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205112024/https://www.glitzafrica.com/celebrating-zynnell-zuh-her-top-10-red-carpet-moments/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maisha yake ya elimu. == '''Zynnel Zuh''' alizaliwa mjini [[Accra|Accra, Ghana.]] Alipata elimu yake ya sekondari katika shule ya sekondari ya wesley Girls, kisha akahitimu shahada ya kwanza katika masomo ya Jiografia na taaluma za habari kutoka chuo kikuu cha Ghana<ref>{{Citation|title=Zynnell Zuh|date=2025-08-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zynnell_Zuh&oldid=1303882394|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] j6soodhzk5v35trscuel7l68ealtmub 3 184301 1594552 1580804 2026-09-05T07:27:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Kufuta maboresho yangu */ 1594552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 14 Julai 2024 (UTC) == Pitia Marekebisho == Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila naomba upitie makala zako jinsi zilivyorekebishwa ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Hasa usiache makala bila vyanzo, walau kimoja! Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 12:10, 10 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Mojawapo ni kuweka katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili marejeo kwenda Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Hii haikubaliki. Badala yake weka marejeo asili yaliyotumika katika toleo la Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:07, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Kwa kuwa husikii, nimekusimamisha kwa siku 1 upate nafasi ya kupitia marekebisho tuliyofanyia makala zako za harakaharaka. Hivyo utajifunza kutunga kurasa za maana. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:28, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::Ndugu, lebo ya mbegu iwekwe baada ya ile ya reflist. Naomba urekebishe makala zako. Asante! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:45, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::Pia, marejesho kutoka Wikipedia nyingine hayatakiwi kamwe! Tazama makala yako ya mwisho. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::sawa nafanyia kazi asanteh. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:22, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::Ndugu Naona unasahau kuweka jamii za muhimu kwenye makala zako mfano makala ya [[Lucia Basson]] ulipaswa kuweka jamii kama '''Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia''', lakini maka zote auweki, zingatia jamii. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 03:42, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::::asante, nafanyia marekebisho makala nilizosahau kuweka jamii kuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:08, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Mradi wa Nchi == Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:09, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Kwa vyovyote, Kongo ni jina la hakika, isipokuwa la nchi mbili tofauti. Ukiandika makala kuhusu watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, tafadhali usiandike tu Kongo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:17, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Asante kwa kunisikiliza, ila ingekuwa vizuri kama ungeweka katika mabano <nowiki>[[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]</nowiki>, si Kongo tu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:13, 27 Mei 2026 (UTC) ==Mito== Ndugu, unapoongeza taarifa katika makala zilizopo, uwe makini zaidi usifute zile zilizopo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:46, 13 Juni 2026 (UTC) :asante kwa maelekezo, nafanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 13 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Viungo vya ndani == Hujambo! Epuka kuanza makala bila viungo kwa kurasa nyingine (dead end pages). Ili kuongeza viungo, tumia [[ ]]. Hii husaidia kurahisisha usomaji na kufanya makala iwe rahisi kupatikana. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:48, 17 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Ulikuwa unafanya vizuri, lakini sasa unazidi kulipua ilimradi upate tuzo. Si ustaarabu. Uwe makini zaidi. Angalia nilivyosahihisha walau kidogo baadhi ya kurasa zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:13, 17 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::Nimefanya marekebisho makala zote nilizoandika kwa makosa, Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:41, 17 Juni 2026 (UTC) ==Kufuta maboresho yangu== Ndugu, leo umerejesha mara mbili maboresho yangu. Unajiamini mno! Huoni kwamba mtu aliyefariki mwaka 2015 akiwa na umri wa miaka 26 alizaliwa karne ya 20? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) :Samahani sana, nilikuwa nafanya marekebisho nilipokosea, sijapitia mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni uliyoyafanya. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) ==Jamii== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila naomba katika jamii uweke nchi ya wahusika. <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waamuzi]]</nowiki> ilianzishwa kwa Waamuzi wa [[Biblia ya Kiebrania]], si wa kriketi... Sio mbaya, wale wa Biblia nitawahamishia jamii mpya. Lakini ingefaa uandike nchi ya waamuzi hao, kwa mfano: <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waamuzi wa Sri Lanka]]</nowiki> au kuongeza <nowiki>[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Sri Lanka]]</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:27, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) daqml8mkg0b6f6mr9mz5cog4b8ttpxg 0 186637 1594435 1525996 2026-09-04T13:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1594435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sokari Douglas Camp''' CBE (alizaliwa [[Nigeria]], [[1958]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye makazi yake [[London]] ambaye amekuwa na maonyesho duniani kote na alikuwa mpokeaji wa bursary kutoka kwa wakfu wa Henry Moore. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/d/douglas_camp_sokari|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927181330/http://www.iniva.org/library/archive/people/d/douglas_camp_sokari|title=Sokari Douglas Camp CBE, InIVA.|archivedate=27 September 2013}}</ref> === Maisha binafsi === Camp ameolewa na mbunifu Alan Camp na ameishi London kwa miaka mingi. == Tuzo == * [[1981]]: Tuzo ya ''Amy Sadur Friedlander'' * [[1982]]: Tuzo la ''Saatchi & Saatchi'' * [[1983]]: Ufadhili wa ''Princess of Wales'' na [[Ruguru/Ngandori|ruzuku]] ya Henry Moore Foundation * [[2000]]: Ruzuku ya Jumuiya ya Madola * [[2005]]: ''Commander of the Order of the British Empire'' (CBE) * [[2006]]: Mshirika Heshima wa ''University of the Arts London'' * [[2008]]: Gavana, ''University of the Arts''<ref>[http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/artists/sokari/index.shtml "Sokari Douglas Camp"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/artists/sokari/index.shtml |date=20200912215745 }}, Wasanii, October Gallery.</ref> * [[2017]]: Ushirika wa Heshima wa ''SOAS, University of London''<ref>[https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/fellows/sokari-douglas-camp-cbe/ "Sokari Douglas Camp CBE"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/fellows/sokari-douglas-camp-cbe/ |date=20211202195446 }}, Washirika wa Heshima na Wahitimu, SOAS.</ref> == Maonyesho ya pekee (kabla ya 1996) == * ''Sokari Douglas Camp: Alali,'' Ikon Gallery, Birmingham ([[1985]])<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Recordings : a select bibliography of contemporary African, Afro-Caribbean and Asian British art|url=https://archive.org/details/recordingsselect0000keen|last=Keen, Melanie.|date=1996|publisher=Institute of International Visual Arts and Chelsea College of Art and Design|others=Ward, Elizabeth., Chelsea College of Art and Design., Institute of International Visual Arts.|isbn=1-899846-06-9|location=London|oclc=36076932}}</ref> * ''Echoes of the Kalabari: sculpture by Sokari Douglas Camp,'' National Museum of African Art, (The Smithsonian Institution) [[Washington]] ([[1988]])<ref name=":0" /> * ''Sokari Douglas Camp: new work,'' Sue Williams Gallery, London ([[1991]])<ref name=":0" /> * ''Play and Display,'' Museum of Mankind, London ([[1995]])<ref name=":0" /> == Maonyesho ya pamoja (kabla ya 1996) == * ''New Horizons,'' South Bank Centre, London (1985)<ref name=":0" /> * ''Conceptual Clothing,'' Ikon Gallery, Birmingham ([[1986]])<ref name=":0" /> * ''From Two Worlds,'' Whitechapel Art Gallery, London ([[1986]])<ref name=":0" /> * ''Influences,'' South London Art Gallery, London (1988)<ref name=":0" /> * ''Time & Motion,'' Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne ([[1989]])<ref name=":0" /> * ''Art for Amnesty: A Contemporary Art Auction'', Bonhams, London ([[1991]])<ref name=":0" /> == Picha za kumbukumbu == Picha ya [[2006]] ya Sokari Douglas Camp iliyopigwa na Sal Idriss ni sehemu ya mkusanyiko wa ''National Portrait Gallery''.<ref>[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw117559/Sokari-Douglas-Camp "Sokari Douglas Camp by Sal Idriss], ''National Portrait Gallery''.</ref> Kipande cha udongo cha [[2009]] kilionyeshwa katika ''Yorkshire Sculpture Park'' mwaka [[2013]]<ref>[http://www.ysp.co.uk/exhibitions/jon-edgar-sculpture-series-heads "Jon Edgar: Sculpture Series Heads"], Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP).</ref> kama sehemu ya ''Sculpture Series Heads – Contributors to British Sculpture''.<ref>Sculpture Series Heads – Terracotta Portraits of Contributors to British Sculpture (2013), Hall, P., M. Scott & H. Pheby, {{ISBN|978 0 9558675 1 4}}</ref> Picha arobaini na moja zilizopigwa na Phil Polglaze katika South London Art Gallery tarehe [[8 Septemba]] 1988 wakati wa ufunguzi wa maonyesho binafsi ''Influences: The Art of Sokari Douglas Camp, Keith Piper, Lubaina Himid, Simone Alexander, Joseph Olubo, Brenda Agard.'' Baadhi ya picha hizo zinaonyesha wasanii na kazi zao, akiwemo Douglas Camp.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Polglaze|first1=Phil|title=Influences - South London Gallery Archive|url=http://slgarchive.org/index.php/influences|website=slgarchive.org|accessdate=29 April 2019}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:wasanii wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] rqvg8ytegoq3v2mkqtiqxesg786i2of 4 208508 1594455 1594394 2026-09-04T16:03:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-04) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-04)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2992 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 623 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1221 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 389 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 624 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9665 || ↓ -14.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 55.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 624 || ↑ +1200.0% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 623 || ↓ -26.3% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 507 || ↓ -4.9% |- | 4 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -5.0% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 322 || ↑ +9.9% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 303 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 7 || [[Ethiopia]] || 256 || ↑ +2.4% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 243 || ↓ -30.4% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 223 || ↓ -22.6% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 190 || ↓ -52.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} 771ebuxjowgefp8xzf9ozslhpp7az6m 1594456 1594455 2026-09-04T16:08:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-04) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-04)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2992 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 623 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1221 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 389 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 624 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18694 || ↓ -10.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 107.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2992 || ↑ +25.0% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 624 || ↑ +1200.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 623 || ↓ -26.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 507 || ↓ -4.9% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 401 || ↓ -8.0% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 389 || ↓ -16.3% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -5.0% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 322 || ↑ +9.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 303 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 298 || ↓ -31.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} clh1rvzq1azueir1gkihrio4rk7pz79 1594498 1594456 2026-09-04T20:33:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-04) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-04)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2992 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 623 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1221 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 389 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 624 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18694 || ↓ -10.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 107.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2992 || ↑ +25.0% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 624 || ↑ +1200.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 623 || ↓ -26.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 507 || ↓ -4.9% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 401 || ↓ -8.0% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 389 || ↓ -16.3% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -5.0% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 322 || ↑ +9.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 303 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 298 || ↓ -31.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} bb0y44njt60b0cmaft53tkbt9xqqgqv 1594499 1594498 2026-09-04T20:38:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-04) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-04)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 507 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2992 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 623 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1221 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 389 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 190 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 624 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18694 || ↓ -10.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 107.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2992 || ↑ +25.0% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 624 || ↑ +1200.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 623 || ↓ -26.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 507 || ↓ -4.9% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 401 || ↓ -8.0% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 389 || ↓ -16.3% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -5.0% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 322 || ↑ +9.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 303 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 298 || ↓ -31.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} dliozys5tziylfphijv2wz1f2nmoiwt 1594517 1594499 2026-09-05T03:44:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18694 || ↓ -10.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 107.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2992 || ↑ +25.0% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 624 || ↑ +1200.0% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 623 || ↓ -26.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 507 || ↓ -4.9% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 401 || ↓ -8.0% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 389 || ↓ -16.3% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 341 || ↓ -5.0% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 322 || ↑ +9.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 303 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 298 || ↓ -31.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} fplj9ojidvc0j0z06yqi4wuqz3ebb3y 1594520 1594517 2026-09-05T03:56:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5216 || ↓ -10.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 158 || ↓ -10.2% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 140 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 8 || [[Hispania]] || 132 || ↓ -72.7% |- | 9 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -10.1% |- | 10 || [[Uswisi]] || 119 || ↓ -44.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} id3ksasplxrqztys47qshi2h8az4wtx 1594575 1594520 2026-09-05T10:18:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5216 || ↓ -10.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 158 || ↓ -10.2% |- | 7 || [[Australia]] || 140 || ↓ -25.5% |- | 8 || [[Hispania]] || 132 || ↓ -72.7% |- | 9 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -10.1% |- | 10 || [[Uswisi]] || 119 || ↓ -44.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 4e5tjvyyb2hbm4cgapg8ndhjuu3dohx 1594577 1594575 2026-09-05T10:22:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9716 || ↓ -13.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 55.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 617 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 4 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 7 || [[Ethiopia]] || 254 || ↓ -2.3% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 245 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 225 || ↓ -22.1% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 195 || ↓ -49.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} h3haisbns5z0myn3s29j8ih95vc2ta5 0 219398 1594454 1528710 2026-09-04T15:29:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1594454 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valerie O. Lawson''' (alizaliwa [[1 Agosti]] [[1991]]), ni [[msanii]] wa vipodozi wa [[Ghana]] alijulikana kwa kazi yake katika nafasi za harusi na biashara. <ref name="auto1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Weddings|first=BellaNaija|date=2017-02-16|title=BN Bridal Beauty: Ghana's Contours by Valerie Lawson releases Stunning Beauty Campaign for the Christian and Muslim Bride|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/bn-bridal-beauty-ghanas-contours-by-valerie-lawson-cvl-beauty-studios-campaign-for-the-christian-and-muslim-bride/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=10 Ghanaian Beauty Practitioners and Brands Honoured at the Xperience Womanity Awards {{!}} Ibukun Nartey|date=21 July 2019|url=https://ibukunnartey.com/xperience-womanity-awards-ghanaian-honors/|access-date=2021-09-12|language=en-US|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912185014/https://ibukunnartey.com/xperience-womanity-awards-ghanaian-honors/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="face2faceafrica.com">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-11-27|title=Ghanaian makeup artist becomes first African beauty influencer to partner M.A.C Cosmetics in the UK|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/ghanaian-makeup-artist-becomes-first-african-beauty-influencer-to-partner-m-a-c-cosmetics-in-the-uk|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> Yeye pia ni mkurugenzi wa sanaa wa kampuni ya vipodozi ya [[Marekani]],Maybelline [[New York]] na mwanzilishi wa chapa, Contours By Valerie Lawson. <ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Valerie Lawson appointed artistic director of Maybelline Ghana – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/valerie-lawson-appointed-artistic-director-of-maybelline-ghana/|access-date=2021-09-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323200838/https://www.glitzafrica.com/valerie-lawson-appointed-artistic-director-of-maybelline-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ghana]] ok65mtvgjym5uz7e089fef1dihs8pqy 0 230769 1594461 1536996 2026-09-04T17:21:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1594461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Éveline Plicque-Andréani''', née Boudon (25 Januari 1929 – 16 Oktoba 2018), alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki, mtaalamu wa taaluma ya muziki (*musicologist*) na mwalimu (*pedagogue*) wa [[Kifaransa]], aliyeshinda tuzo ya Prix de Rome kwa utungaji wa muziki mwaka 1950.<ref>{{cite web |title=matchID – Moteur de recherche des décès |url=[https://deces.matchid.io/id/-yc3Xfl9nArN](https://deces.matchid.io/id/-yc3Xfl9nArN) |website=deces.matchid.io |access-date=11 December 2024 }} [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20260903152636/https://deces.matchid.io/id/-yc3Xfl9nArN&#93;(https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https://deces.matchid.io/id/-yc3Xfl9nArN) archived]</ref><ref name="Artlas">{{cite web |title=Plicque-Andréani, Évelyne |url=[https://acad-artlas.huma-num.fr/items/show/1040](https://acad-artlas.huma-num.fr/items/show/1040) |website=acad-artlas.huma-num.fr |access-date=11 December 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Facad-artlas.huma-num.fr%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F1040](https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Facad-artlas.huma-num.fr%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F1040) archive]</ref> == Wasifu == Éveline Plicque-Andréani alizaliwa katika eneo la kiutawala ya 13 ndani ya mji of Paris, akiwa binti wa Irène Plicque, mwalimu wa uimbaji aliyezaliwa tarehe 9 Mei 1901, ambaye tarehe 18 Agosti 1922 aliolewa na Guy Boudon, mwalimu wa shule aliyezaliwa tarehe 5 Mei 1892. Alikuwa binti wa kiasili wa Marcel Samuel-Rousseau.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prix de Rome 1950-1959 |url=[http://www.musimem.com/prix-rome-1950-1959.htm](http://www.musimem.com/prix-rome-1950-1959.htm) |website=[www.musimem.com](http://www.musimem.com) |access-date=11 December 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musimem.com%2Fprix-rome-1950-1959.htm](https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musimem.com%2Fprix-rome-1950-1959.htm) archive])</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2018}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] 09lcvn0d2a4a4z99rtfg0m7gvltl9x1 2 242220 1594503 1591994 2026-09-04T22:41:38Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594503 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari [[Tom Bissell]] alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa [[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952)|filamu ya 1952]] inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dave Eggers]] aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> == In populêre kultuur == 1pmgegudvyi0cf7nf37vmsiojfab20o 1594504 1594503 2026-09-04T22:49:46Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594504 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari [[Tom Bissell]] alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952)|filamu ya 1952 inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dave Eggers]] aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> == In populêre kultuur == 3i19acp0ngexiiwrtex3st72gs2n9oh 1594505 1594504 2026-09-04T22:52:43Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594505 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari [[Tom Bissell]] alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dave Eggers]] aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> == In populêre kultuur == icmq9ww6x9t03u1qqr6x9ts0nzgt6ec 1594506 1594505 2026-09-04T22:54:35Z Amanich7 44301 /* Katika utamaduni */ 1594506 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> == In populêre kultuur == 7sawqhgefumg5cx8xabyh41nwsqmdv9 1594536 1594506 2026-09-05T05:32:10Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1594536 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> == In populêre kultuur == Die joernalis Tom Bissell het opgemerk dat Kilimanjaro "miskien die mees literêre berg in die wêreld is." Die berg is prominent in [[Ernest Hemingway]] se 1936 kortverhaal "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", wat aangepas is in'n 1952 film met [[Gregory Peck]] in die hoofrol. Dave Eggers het oor sy klim geskryf in die kortverhaal "Up the Mountain, Slowly Descending." Die klim van Kilimanjaro word uitgebeeld in [[Andrei Gusev]] se roman "Once upon a Time in Malindi", gepubliseer in 2020 (in die 17de hoofstuk). iau1rr97g0b8oyi974wr1sm54e6w7xr 1594540 1594536 2026-09-05T05:42:39Z Amanich7 44301 /* In populêre kultuur */ 1594540 wikitext text/x-wiki <br> ==Verwysings== == Katika utamaduni == Mwandishi wa habari Tom Bissell alibainisha kuwa Kilimanjaro ni "labda mlima wa fasihi zaidi duniani".<ref name="bissell">{{cite news|last=Bissell|first=Tom|date=28 Oktoba 2007|title=Panda Mlima Polepole, Polepole Sana|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155903/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/sports/playmagazine/28kilimanjaro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mlima huu umeangaziwa sana katika hadithi fupi ya [[Ernest Hemingway]] ya 1936 ''[[The Snows of Kilimanjaro (hadithi fupi)|The Snows of Kilimanjaro]]'', ambayo ilibadilishwa kuwa The Snows of Kilimanjaro (filamu ya 1952) inayoigizwa na [[Gregory Peck]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|date=19 Septemba 1952|title=The Screen in Review; 'Theluji ya Kiliminjaro,' Kulingana na Hadithi ya Hemingway, Ni Kipengele Kipya katika Rivoli|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 Juni 2024|archive-date=5 Oktoba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005155751/https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/19/archives/the-screen-in-review-snow-of-kiliminjaro-based-on-hemingways-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Eggers aliandika kuhusu kupanda kwake katika hadithi fupi ''Up the Mountain Coming Down Polepole''.<ref name="bissell"/> Kupanda kwa Kilimanjaro kunaonyeshwa katika riwaya ya [[Andrei Gusev]] ya 2020 ''Once in Malindi'' (katika sura ya 17).<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/Old_Novelist.htm Mapitio ya ''"Once in Malindi"''] kwenye tovuti ya mfuko wa umma "Umoja wa Waandishi wa Moscow", 2021 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 ''"Once in Malindi"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016190338/https://proza.ru/2020/08/15/2 |date=2020-10-16 }} — kwenye Proza.ru, 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>''[[Andrei Gusev|Андрей Гусев]]'' [http://Gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm "Однажды в Малинди"], 2020. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104180724/https://gusev.webs.com/Malindi_Andy.htm |date=2020-11-04 }}</ref> == In populêre kultuur == Die joernalis Tom Bissell het opgemerk dat Kilimanjaro miskien die mees literêre berg in die wêreld is. Die berg is prominent in [[Ernest Hemingway]] se 1936 kortverhaal "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", wat aangepas is in'n 1952 film met [[Gregory Peck]] in die hoofrol. Dave Eggers het oor sy klim geskryf in die kortverhaal "Up the Mountain, Slowly Descending." Die klim van Kilimanjaro word uitgebeeld in [[Andrei Gusev]] se roman "Once in Malindi", gepubliseer in 2020 (in die 17de hoofstuk). 55ph5a3h3n8nmjtgj7ybm9kr56t16ha 0 242615 1594585 1584767 2026-09-05T11:18:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okello''' (pia huandikwa '''Okelo''') ni [[jina]] la [[ukoo]] linalotumiwa sana na [[Binadamu|watu]] wa [[jamii]] za [[Wajaluo]] na [[Waateker]] nchini [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] na [[Sudan]]. Jina hili linaweza kurejelea: == Watu == * [[Okello Oculi]] ([[1942]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120920220007/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/25/647758</ref>–[[2025]]<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/810172-okello-oculi-1942-2025-the-scholar-who-lived-and-breathed-africa-by-yusuf-bangura.html</ref>), [[mwandishi]] wa [[riwaya]] na [[mshairi]] wa [[Uganda]] * [[Allan Okello]] (amezaliwa [[2000]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181103150845/http://www.kccafc.co.ug/player/allan-okello/</ref>), [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] <ref>https://www.sofascore.com/football/player/allan-okello/933067</ref> wa Uganda * [[Bazilio Olara-Okello]] ([[1929]]–[[1990]]), [[mwanajeshi]] wa Uganda aliyewahi kuwa mkuu wa [[nchi]] * [[David Okello]] (amezaliwa [[1986]]), mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa [[Kenya]] * [[Emmy Okello]] (amezaliwa [[1977]]), [[daktari]] [[bingwa]] mshauri wa Uganda * [[Esther Okello Lutwa]] (alifariki [[2002]]), [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] na [[mke]] wa [[rais]] wa [[zamani]] wa Uganda * [[Galdino Moro Okello]] (amezaliwa [[1940]]), [[jaji]] wa Uganda * [[Henry Oryem Okello]] (amezaliwa [[1960]]), mwanasiasa wa Uganda * [[James Okello]] (amezaliwa 1990), mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa Uganda * [[John Okello]] ([[1937]]–[[1971]]), [[kiongozi]] wa [[Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]] aliyezaliwa Uganda * [[Noble Okello]] (amezaliwa 2000), mchezaji wa [[soka]] wa [[Kanada]] * [[Tito Okello]] ([[1914]]–[[1996]]), mwanajeshi na mwanasiasa wa Uganda aliyekuwa Rais wa nchi kuanzia [[1985]] hadi [[1986]] == Matumizi mengine == * '''Okello''', [[Mhusika (fasihi)|mhusika]] katika [[filamu]] ya mwaka [[1972]] ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God''. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{maana}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Majina ya watu]] 8e4vhdsnaqkrjowdm1o0asxdenozywq 0 242703 1594457 1594419 2026-09-04T16:11:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1594457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} '''Mekdes:''' (pia huandikwa Mekedes, Mekides, au Merkedes) ni jina la kike la asili ya [[Ethiopia]]. Watu mashuhuri wenye jina hili ni pamoja na: * [[Mekides Abebe]] (alizaliwa 2001): Mwanariadha wa Ethiopia wa mbio za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na maji. * [[Mekedes Alemeshete]]: Mwanariadha wa Ethiopia wa mbio ndefu. * [[Mekdes Bekele]]: Mwanariadha wa Ethiopia wa mbio za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na maji. * [[Mekdes Daba Feyssa]]: Mwanasiasa wa Ethiopia. * [[Mekdes (mwimbaji)]] (alizaliwa 1998): Mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo Mdenmaki mwenye asili ya Ethiopia. {{Maana}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:majina ya watu]] k7e6qi1nxl7isbshkpvc9trrffot1c3 0 248369 1594458 1594244 2026-09-04T17:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1594458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ziri Hammar''' (kwa Kiarabu: زيري حمّار; alizaliwa 25 Julai 1992) ni mchezaji wa [[soka]] kutoka Algeria. Anacheza katika klabu ya (kwa Kiarabu: زيري حمّار; alizaliwa 25 Julai 1992) ni mchezaji wa soka kutoka Algeria. Anacheza katika klabu ya Al-Saltuwanjagi Kuu ya Jordan. Hammar hucheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji na anaweza [[mchezo]]<nowiki/>a upande wa kulia au kushoto wa uwanja.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110216055551/http://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheMatch30828_198117.html "Nancy 3-1 Auxerre, Ligue 1 - 23e journée, Football".] www.lequipe.fr (in French). Archived from the original on February 16, 2011. Retrieved 2018-05-25.</ref> == Maisha ya soka ya klabu == Tarehe 12 Februari 2011, Hammar alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza wa soka la kulipwa akiwa na AS Nancy katika mchezo wa Ligue 1 dhidi ya AJ Auxerre. Alianza mchezo huo akiwa kwenye benchi na akaingia uwanjani dakika ya 89 akichukua nafasi ya Alexandre Cuvillier. Nancy ilishinda mchezo huo kwa mabao 3–1. Kabla ya k[[klabu]] kwa msimu wa Süper Lig wa 2013–14, Hammar alihamia Kayseri Erciyesspor nchini Uturuki. Alianza kucheza kwa klabu hiyo katika mchezo wa Kombe la Uturuki dhidi ya Edirnespor. Tarehe 30 Julai 2024, Al-Salt ilitangaza kumsajili Hammar pamoja na raia mwenzake wa Algeria, Mounir Ait L'Hadi. Hammar aliendelea na maisha yake ya soka nchini Jordan akiwa na Al-S[[Kombe]] == Kazi ya kimataifa == Hammar alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya Algeria chini ya miaka 17 iliyoshiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Vijana chini ya miaka 17 mwaka 2009 nchini Nigeria. Katika mashindano hayo, alicheza michezo yote mitatu ya Algeria katika hatua ya makundi. Katika michezo miwili [[michezo]] wa kwanza aliingia kama mchezaji wa akiba, huku akianza mchezo wa mwisho dhidi ya Korea Kusini. Algeria ilipoteza michezo yote mitatu ya hatua ya makundi na kushindwa kufuzu kwa hatua ya pili. Tarehe 24 Machi 2010, Hammar aliitwa katika timu ya taifa ya Algeria chini ya miaka 20 kwa ajili ya kushiriki Mashindano ya UNAF ya Vijana chini ya miaka 20 mwaka 2010, yaliyofanyika nchini Algeria.<ref>[http://www.dzfoot.com/news-6144/en-u20-la-selection-pour-le-tournoi-de-l-unaf/ EN U20 : La sélection pour le tournoi de l'UNAF] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/news-6144/en-u20-la-selection-pour-le-tournoi-de-l-unaf/ |date=20110815204142 }} Archived August 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Heshima == === USM Alger === Akiwa na USM Alger, Hammar alishinda Kombe la Super Cup la Algeria mwaka 2016. * Kombe la Super Cup la Algeria: 2016 (1) == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dxmexfg90pntuuhujd2m5eq4lgzmpd5 0 248393 1594514 1594321 2026-09-05T02:34:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valdemar Isidro Castillo''' (alizaliwa [[22 Mei]] [[1946]], Mji wa Corozal) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] mwenye asili ya kichotara na ni mwanachama wa chama cha Umoja wa Wananchi.<ref>{{Rejea habari|title = Labour Minister calls for unity| date = May 2, 2000|url = http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/21085|accessdate = December 15, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet|date=12 February 2008|publisher=CANA News|accessdate=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|archivedate=27 February 2009}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wanasiasa wa Belize]] sa3fbejjx65e9qy0n0cvyy0pm2pezdj 0 248399 1594515 1594327 2026-09-05T02:35:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vernon Harrison Courtenay''' ([[1932]] – [[15 Agosti]] [[2009]]) alikuwa wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize aliyehudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1984. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6toAAAAMAAJ |title=Latin America and Caribbean Contemporary Record |year=1984 |isbn=9780841910416}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1932]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2009]] s7mqytqqi7vmbozml23vho5bo242z26 0 248435 1594430 1594408 2026-09-04T12:02:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gustavo Denegri''' (alizaliwa [[Machi]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mwenyekiti wa ''DiaSorin'', kampuni ya teknolojia ya [[Biotekinolojia|bioteknolojia]] nchini Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/88iJIcG2z2kYQxznRoYUTrUpSc8/appointments |title=Gustavo DENEGRI - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House) |website=Beta.companieshouse.gov.uk |date=2010-03-19 |accessdate=2017-01-23}}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Gustavo Denegri|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gustavo-denegri/|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref> Ana shahada ya kwanza ya [[kemia]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Turin.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gustavo Denegri |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=716488&privcapId=1144623 |title=Gustavo Denegri: Executive Profile & Biography |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date= |accessdate=2017-01-23}}</ref> Denegri anamiliki asilimia 44 ya DiaSorin kupitia IP Investimenti e Partecipazioni, kampuni inayomilikiwa na familia yake.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/afontevecchia/2014/07/21/from-vespas-to-pharma-gustavo-denegri-becomes-italys-newest-biotech-billionaire/#1110ad0035e0 |title=From Vespas To Pharma: Gustavo Denegri Becomes Italy's Newest Biotech Billionaire |website=Forbes.com |date= |accessdate=2017-01-23}}</ref> Kufikia [[2020]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 3.1.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/diasorin-gustavo-denegri-makes-100-million-off-rapid-coronavirus-test-2020-3|title=A pharmaceutical company just announced a rapid-result coronavirus test — and its billionaire owner made $100 million|last=Rogers|first=Taylor Nicole|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> Ameoa ana watoto wawili, na anaishi [[Turin]], Italia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a3vnzww0n3qmemybzz12sjmq53cf5lr 0 248436 1594431 2026-09-04T12:33:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zotiko wa Comana''' (au "Conana" au "Comama"<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04151b.htm Comana]</ref>, labda katika [[Uturuki]] wa leo<ref name="catholiconline">[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2041 St. Zoticus] Catholic Online</ref>; [[karne ya 2]] - [[204]]<ref name="butler" />) alikuwa [[askofu]] aliyepinga [[uzushi]] wa [[Montano]]<ref name="butler">[http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/212.html Butler, Alban. ''Lives of the Saints'...' 1594431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zotiko wa Comana''' (au "Conana" au "Comama"<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04151b.htm Comana]</ref>, labda katika [[Uturuki]] wa leo<ref name="catholiconline">[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2041 St. Zoticus] Catholic Online</ref>; [[karne ya 2]] - [[204]]<ref name="butler" />) alikuwa [[askofu]] aliyepinga [[uzushi]] wa [[Montano]]<ref name="butler">[http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/212.html Butler, Alban. ''Lives of the Saints'', Vol. VII, 1866]</ref> na hatimaye alifia [[imani]] ya [[Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Septimius Severus]]<ref name="catholiconline" />. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[21 Julai]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 2]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 204]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] d69gc17f2vazhf627ba9jm1nro0mu31 14 248437 1594432 2026-09-04T12:34:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:204]]' 1594432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:204]] jp12gmp5jgv2u57dbv0f6kzl6fo2qhx 0 248438 1594433 2026-09-04T13:11:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio de Clunieres di Balsorano''' (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Monako]]. Yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa zamani wa Silversea Cruises, kampuni iliyoanzishwa na baba yake. Mnamo Juni 2018, aliuza theluthi mbili ya kampuni kwa Royal Caribbean kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1, akihifadhi hisa ya theluthi moja katika kampuni. Kwa sasa yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa Abercrombie &...' 1594433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio de Clunieres di Balsorano''' (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Monako]]. Yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa zamani wa Silversea Cruises, kampuni iliyoanzishwa na baba yake. Mnamo Juni 2018, aliuza theluthi mbili ya kampuni kwa Royal Caribbean kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1, akihifadhi hisa ya theluthi moja katika kampuni. Kwa sasa yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa Abercrombie & Kent Travel Group, kundi la usafiri ambalo linamiliki Abercrombie & Kent, Crystal Cruises, Ecoventura Galapagos, Cox & Kings. Kufikia Februari [[2026]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 2.3. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] m6d4zync2l3g6b3vcl1kn3v43langii 1594434 1594433 2026-09-04T13:25:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio de Clunieres di Balsorano''' (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Monako]]. Yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa zamani wa Silversea Cruises, kampuni iliyoanzishwa na baba yake. Mnamo Juni 2018, aliuza theluthi mbili ya kampuni kwa Royal Caribbean kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1, akihifadhi hisa ya theluthi moja katika kampuni. Kwa sasa yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa Abercrombie & Kent Travel Group, kundi la usafiri ambalo linamiliki Abercrombie & Kent, Crystal Cruises, Ecoventura Galapagos, Cox & Kings. Kufikia Februari [[2026]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 2.3. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:watu wa Monako]] deyj2ouf4uc6fmuc23un30oo7axyaz0 1594555 1594434 2026-09-05T08:12:18Z Ally0111 85292 1594555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio de Clunieres di Balsorano''' (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Monako]]. Yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa zamani wa Silversea Cruises, kampuni iliyoanzishwa na baba yake. Mnamo Juni 2018, aliuza theluthi mbili ya kampuni kwa Royal Caribbean kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1, akihifadhi hisa ya theluthi moja katika kampuni. Kwa sasa yeye ni Mwenyekiti Mtendaji wa Abercrombie & Kent Travel Group, kundi la usafiri ambalo linamiliki Abercrombie & Kent, Crystal Cruises, Ecoventura Galapagos, Cox & Kings. Kufikia Februari [[2026]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 2.3.<ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.corriere.it/lettere-al-corriere/14_luglio_11/-TANGENTI-DEL-CASO-LOCKHEED-LE-DIMISSIONI-DI-LEONE_412a90f0-08bb-11e4-89ec-c067e3a232ce.shtml| title =Tangenti del caso Lockheed le dimissioni di Leone| last =Hénin| first =Silvio| date =2014-07-11| publisher =Corriere della Sera | access-date =2026-02-09}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:watu wa Monako]] 9w8s3f8ouev8m07js9hv1ygt3wlwbfx 0 248439 1594436 2026-09-04T13:37:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Valence, Drôme]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[212]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Gallia]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao. Felisi alikuwa [[Upadri|padri]] na wenzake [[Shemasi|mashemasi]]. Walitumwa na [[askofu]] [[Mtakatifu Ireneo|Irenei]] wa [[Lyon]] [[Uinjilishaji|kuinjilisha]] eneo la [[Drôme|Drome]]<ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-felix-fortunatus-and-achilleus/ Monks of Ramsgate. “Felix, Fort...' 1594436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Valence, Drôme]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[212]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Gallia]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao. Felisi alikuwa [[Upadri|padri]] na wenzake [[Shemasi|mashemasi]]. Walitumwa na [[askofu]] [[Mtakatifu Ireneo|Irenei]] wa [[Lyon]] [[Uinjilishaji|kuinjilisha]] eneo la [[Drôme|Drome]]<ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-felix-fortunatus-and-achilleus/ Monks of Ramsgate. “Felix, Fortunatus and Achilleus”. ''Book of Saints'', 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 10 April 2013]</ref>. Mafanikio yao yalisababisha wafungwe na kuteswa; hatimaye walikatwa [[kichwa]]. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=vWn9SabAOUoC&dq=Lupus+of+Troyes&pg=PA477 Holmes, T. Scott. ''The Origin and Development of the Christian Church in Gaul During the First Six Centuries of the Christian Era'', Mac Millan, 1911, p. 55]</ref>, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[23 Aprili]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=542 Sts. Felix, Fortunatus, & Achilleus] Catholic Online {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 2|202}} [[Jamii:mapadri]] [[Jamii:mashemasi]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] r45w1s4afzh0dyzxq8452bhehk7u7yl 0 248440 1594437 2026-09-04T13:44:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ursisheno''' (aliishi [[karne ya 3]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Pavia]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) kwa miaka 33<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintu15.htm Saint Urciscenus] Patron Saints Index</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1889 St. Urciscenus] Catholic Online</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[21 Juni]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Taza...' 1594437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ursisheno''' (aliishi [[karne ya 3]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Pavia]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) kwa miaka 33<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintu15.htm Saint Urciscenus] Patron Saints Index</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1889 St. Urciscenus] Catholic Online</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[21 Juni]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 9ya7uaypre3ccduy6o9hiq65qlzhn51 1594442 1594437 2026-09-04T13:56:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ursisheno''' ([[karne ya 4]] - [[karne ya 5]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Pavia]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) kwa miaka 33<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintu15.htm Saint Urciscenus] Patron Saints Index</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1889 St. Urciscenus] Catholic Online</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[21 Juni]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 4|karne ya 5}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] bdswr5iy8qibmkjfxj4wwfaq9iv9v2p 1594443 1594442 2026-09-04T13:58:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ursisheno''' (pia: '''Urciscenus, Urcesenus, Ursicinus, Urseseno, Ursisino'''; [[karne ya 4]] - [[karne ya 5]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Pavia]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) kwa miaka 33<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintu15.htm Saint Urciscenus] Patron Saints Index</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1889 St. Urciscenus] Catholic Online</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[21 Juni]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 4|karne ya 5}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] b856mhz8ugcttf3hvoigy6qgyos2e51 1594453 1594443 2026-09-04T14:57:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1594453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ursisheno''' (pia: '''Urciscenus, Urcesenus, Ursicinus, Urseseno, Ursisino'''; [[karne ya 4]] - [[karne ya 5]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Pavia]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) kwa miaka 33<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintu15.htm Saint Urciscenus] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintu15.htm |date=20090914051227 }} Patron Saints Index</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1889 St. Urciscenus] Catholic Online</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[21 Juni]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 4|karne ya 5}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 2qf1uvqru2ae3p37hg1vej8th1kyg8y 0 248441 1594444 2026-09-04T14:09:47Z OtikolenoiL 71204 Created by translating the page "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/239218997|Van Kapenga Kabundi]]" 1594444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Van Kapenga Kabundi''', anayejulikana pia kama Van Kapenga Kabundi Walesa, aliyezaliwa Julai 10, 1990, huko Kabinda, ni mwanasiasa kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Akiwa mwanachama wa Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC), ni naibu wa kitaifa, aliyechaguliwa katika jimbo la Lukunga la jimbo la jiji la Kinshasa katika uchaguzi wa wabunge wa Desemba 2023. Tangu 2025, pia amehudumu kama rais wa mpito wa kitaifa wa NOHEC, chama cha Constant Mutamba. mcgzw6vk4r4gwwqi4ud11wcm8fdgzai 1594446 1594444 2026-09-04T14:11:28Z OtikolenoiL 71204 1594446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Van Kapenga Kabundi''', anayejulikana pia kama Van Kapenga Kabundi Walesa, aliyezaliwa Julai 10, 1990, huko Kabinda, ni mwanasiasa kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Akiwa mwanachama wa Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC), ni naibu wa kitaifa, aliyechaguliwa katika jimbo la Lukunga la jimbo la jiji la Kinshasa katika uchaguzi wa wabunge wa Desemba 2023. Tangu 2025, pia amehudumu kama rais wa mpito wa kitaifa wa NOHEC, chama cha Constant Mutamba. == Kazi ya Kisiasa ya Mapema == Van Kapenga Kabundi alijihusisha na siasa za Kongo ndani ya Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC), chama cha siasa kinachohusishwa na Constant Mutamba. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kwake katika Bunge la Kitaifa, alishiriki katika shughuli na upangaji wa chama hiki cha siasa. Jina lake pia linaonekana katika hati rasmi za Kongo zilizotangulia muhula wake wa ubunge. Chapisho la 2014 katika Gazeti Rasmi la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo linamtaja Van Kabundi Kapenga miongoni mwa viongozi wa chama cha kidini, ambapo alihudumu kama mshauri anayehusika na muziki. === Uchaguzi wa Wabunge wa 2023 === Van Kapenga Kabundi ni mgombea katika uchaguzi wa kitaifa wa wabunge wa Desemba 20, 2023, katika wilaya ya uchaguzi ya Lukunga ya Kinshasa. Anagombea chini ya bendera ya DYPRO, kifupi kinachotumika katika hati za uchaguzi za Mapinduzi ya Maendeleo. Orodha ya wagombea iliyochapishwa na CENI (Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi ya Kitaifa) inamuorodhesha kama mgombea mkuu katika jimbo la Kinshasa II/Lukunga. Kulingana na matokeo ya awali yaliyochapishwa na CENI, Van Kapenga Kabundi alipata kura 1,196 katika jimbo lake. Kufuatia mchakato wa uchaguzi na changamoto zozote za kisheria, mamlaka yake yalithibitishwa na Bunge la Kitaifa. Yeye ni miongoni mwa wabunge ambao mamlaka yao yalithibitishwa Aprili 2024 kufuatia maamuzi ya Mahakama ya Katiba kuhusu uchaguzi wa wabunge. === Naibu wa Kitaifa === Van Kapenga Kabundi alianza muhula wake kama naibu wa kitaifa mnamo Februari 12, 2024. Muhula wake unashughulikia bunge kuanzia 2024 hadi 2028. Anawakilisha jimbo la Lukunga katika jimbo la Kinshasa. Katika Bunge la Kitaifa, yeye ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Mazingira, Utalii, Maliasili, na Maendeleo Endelevu. Kuingilia kati kwa niaba ya waathiriwa wa mafuriko Mnamo Oktoba 2024, Van Kapenga Kabundi alizungumzia hadharani hali ya idadi ya watu walioathiriwa na mafuriko huko Kinshasa. Mnamo Oktoba 31, 2024, aliiomba serikali msaada kwa waathiriwa wa mafuriko katika wilaya ya Barumbu, kaskazini mwa mji mkuu. Aliomba hasa ushiriki wa Wizara ya Masuala ya Jamii ili kusaidia familia zilizoathiriwa na maji yanayoongezeka ya Mto Kongo na mvua kubwa. === Majukumu ndani ya NOCEC === Kuanzia mwaka wa 2025, Van Kapenga Kabundi alichukua jukumu muhimu katika uongozi wa Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC). Aliteuliwa kuwa rais wa mpito wa kitaifa wa chama hiki cha siasa, ambacho kiliongozwa na Constant Mutamba Tungunga. Jukumu hili liliibuka katika muktadha wa upangaji upya wa ndani wa chama. Mnamo Novemba 2025, pia aliteuliwa kama mgombea wa nafasi ya Naibu Mwandishi wa Bunge la Kitaifa. Ugombea wake ni sehemu ya upyaji wa majukumu fulani ndani ya bunge la chini la Bunge la Kongo. Hata hivyo, hawi Naibu Mwandishi wa Bunge la Kitaifa. 932bwnjdi9sxpxe9n5hkobmv7c4hbyt 1594452 1594446 2026-09-04T14:44:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Van Kapenga Kabundi''' (anajulikana pia kama '''Van Kapenga Kabundi Walesa'''; alizaliwa Julai 10, 1990, huko Kabinda) ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC), ni naibu wa kitaifa, aliyechaguliwa katika jimbo la Lukunga la jimbo la jiji la Kinshasa katika uchaguzi wa wabunge wa Desemba 2023. Tangu 2025, pia amehudumu kama rais wa mpito wa kitaifa wa NOHEC, chama cha Constant Mutamba. == Kazi ya Kisiasa ya Mapema == Van Kapenga Kabundi alijihusisha na siasa za Kongo ndani ya Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC), chama cha siasa kinachohusishwa na Constant Mutamba. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kwake katika Bunge la Kitaifa, alishiriki katika shughuli na upangaji wa chama hiki cha siasa. Jina lake pia linaonekana katika hati rasmi za Kongo zilizotangulia muhula wake wa ubunge. Chapisho la 2014 katika Gazeti Rasmi la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo linamtaja Van Kabundi Kapenga miongoni mwa viongozi wa chama cha kidini, ambapo alihudumu kama mshauri anayehusika na muziki. === Uchaguzi wa Wabunge wa 2023 === Van Kapenga Kabundi ni mgombea katika uchaguzi wa kitaifa wa wabunge wa Desemba 20, 2023, katika wilaya ya uchaguzi ya Lukunga ya Kinshasa. Anagombea chini ya bendera ya DYPRO, kifupi kinachotumika katika hati za uchaguzi za Mapinduzi ya Maendeleo. Orodha ya wagombea iliyochapishwa na CENI (Tume Huru ya Uchaguzi ya Kitaifa) inamuorodhesha kama mgombea mkuu katika jimbo la Kinshasa II/Lukunga. Kulingana na matokeo ya awali yaliyochapishwa na CENI, Van Kapenga Kabundi alipata kura 1,196 katika jimbo lake. Kufuatia mchakato wa uchaguzi na changamoto zozote za kisheria, mamlaka yake yalithibitishwa na Bunge la Kitaifa. Yeye ni miongoni mwa wabunge ambao mamlaka yao yalithibitishwa Aprili 2024 kufuatia maamuzi ya Mahakama ya Katiba kuhusu uchaguzi wa wabunge. === Naibu wa Kitaifa === Van Kapenga Kabundi alianza muhula wake kama naibu wa kitaifa mnamo Februari 12, 2024. Muhula wake unashughulikia bunge kuanzia 2024 hadi 2028. Anawakilisha jimbo la Lukunga katika jimbo la Kinshasa. Katika Bunge la Kitaifa, yeye ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Mazingira, Utalii, Maliasili, na Maendeleo Endelevu. Kuingilia kati kwa niaba ya waathiriwa wa mafuriko Mnamo Oktoba 2024, Van Kapenga Kabundi alizungumzia hadharani hali ya idadi ya watu walioathiriwa na mafuriko huko Kinshasa. Mnamo Oktoba 31, 2024, aliiomba serikali msaada kwa waathiriwa wa mafuriko katika wilaya ya Barumbu, kaskazini mwa mji mkuu. Aliomba hasa ushiriki wa Wizara ya Masuala ya Jamii ili kusaidia familia zilizoathiriwa na maji yanayoongezeka ya Mto Kongo na mvua kubwa. === Majukumu ndani ya NOCEC === Kuanzia mwaka wa 2025, Van Kapenga Kabundi alichukua jukumu muhimu katika uongozi wa Kizazi Kipya cha Kuibuka kwa Kongo (NOGEC). Aliteuliwa kuwa rais wa mpito wa kitaifa wa chama hiki cha siasa, ambacho kiliongozwa na Constant Mutamba Tungunga. Jukumu hili liliibuka katika muktadha wa upangaji upya wa ndani wa chama. Mnamo Novemba 2025, pia aliteuliwa kama mgombea wa nafasi ya Naibu Mwandishi wa Bunge la Kitaifa. Ugombea wake ni sehemu ya upyaji wa majukumu fulani ndani ya bunge la chini la Bunge la Kongo. Hata hivyo, hawi Naibu Mwandishi wa Bunge la Kitaifa. {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] dqkfwp4v4uxnhcslvzaqhcf8gkpsd31 0 248442 1594445 2026-09-04T14:10:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Menologion_of_Basil_067.jpeg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[Mfiadini|kifodini]] chao.]] '''{{PAGENAME}} Sokrate, Dionisi na Dioskoro''' (walifariki [[Pamfilia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[220]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] [[msalaba|waliosulubiwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Elagabalus]]. Theodori wa Perge alikuwa [[askari]], Filipa [[mama]] yake, Sokrate askari mwenzake, na Dionisi [[kuhani]] wa zamani wa dini za...' 1594445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Menologion_of_Basil_067.jpeg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[Mfiadini|kifodini]] chao.]] '''{{PAGENAME}} Sokrate, Dionisi na Dioskoro''' (walifariki [[Pamfilia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[220]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] [[msalaba|waliosulubiwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Elagabalus]]. Theodori wa Perge alikuwa [[askari]], Filipa [[mama]] yake, Sokrate askari mwenzake, na Dionisi [[kuhani]] wa zamani wa [[dini za jadi]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2221 Sts. Theodore, Philippa, and Companions] Catholic Online</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[21 Aprili]] na [[20 Septemba]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 2|220}} [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] axmr22tqwnlauwmh6vvxk8pzl3l4ly6 0 248443 1594447 2026-09-04T14:21:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Tatiana_of_Rome_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[Mfiadini|kifodini]] chake.]] '''Tasyana wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[226]] hivi) alikuwa [[bikira]] aliyekatwa [[kichwa]] kutokana na [[imani]] yake ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]]<ref name=oca>[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100155 "Martyr Tatiana of Rome, and those who suffered wit...' 1594447 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tatiana_of_Rome_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[Mfiadini|kifodini]] chake.]] '''Tasyana wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[226]] hivi) alikuwa [[bikira]] aliyekatwa [[kichwa]] kutokana na [[imani]] yake ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]]<ref name=oca>[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100155 "Martyr Tatiana of Rome, and those who suffered with Her", OCA]</ref>. Habari zake hazieleweki waziwazi [[historia|kihistoria]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Orthodox Calendar. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, a parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow |url=https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/ |website=www.holytrinityorthodox.com}}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[12 Januari]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Vyanzo== *Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. {{ISBN|0-14-051312-4}}. ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050502220335/http://www.chattablogs.com/aionioszoe/archives/020064.html Martyrdom of Saint Tatiana (includes icon)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110612084638/http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=January&day=12&Go.x=11&Go.y=9 The Holy Female Martyr Tatiana] ''Prologue from Ochrid'' {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 226]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] is8fd3nfkz78qaq1bm389mqnlo30n9r 14 248444 1594448 2026-09-04T14:22:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:226]]' 1594448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:226]] 4h50r4qli1jy55h5dc5smk6kch3nkw1 0 248445 1594449 2026-09-04T14:26:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thespesi''' (alifariki [[Kapadokia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[230]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yake wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2276 St. Thespesius] Catholic Online</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[1 Juni]]. ==Tazama pia== * Watakatifu wa Ag...' 1594449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thespesi''' (alifariki [[Kapadokia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[230]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yake wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2276 St. Thespesius] Catholic Online</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[1 Juni]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 230]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] aeu2i7i6iz9ypoppbfqqr46xykne34z 0 248446 1594450 2026-09-04T14:38:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Martyrdom_of_Calepodius,_a_Christian_minister._Engraving._Wellcome_V0031764.jpg|thumb|[[Mfiadini|Kifodini]] chake.]] '''Kalepodi''' (kwa [[Kilatini]]: '''Calepodius'''; alifariki [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[226]] hivi) alikuwa [[padri]] aliyeteswa na kuuawa <ref>[[John Foxe]], [[Foxes Book of Martyrs|Book of Martyrs]] (E. Hall, 1833) [https://books.google.com/books?id=JMU8AAAAYAAJ&q=Martina&pg=PA41 p41].</ref> kutokana na [[imani]] yake ya Ukristo|Kik...' 1594450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Martyrdom_of_Calepodius,_a_Christian_minister._Engraving._Wellcome_V0031764.jpg|thumb|[[Mfiadini|Kifodini]] chake.]] '''Kalepodi''' (kwa [[Kilatini]]: '''Calepodius'''; alifariki [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[226]] hivi) alikuwa [[padri]] aliyeteswa na kuuawa <ref>[[John Foxe]], [[Foxes Book of Martyrs|Book of Martyrs]] (E. Hall, 1833) [https://books.google.com/books?id=JMU8AAAAYAAJ&q=Martina&pg=PA41 p41].</ref> kutokana na [[imani]] yake ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]]. Pamoja naye waliuawa Wakristo wengine walau 118, wakiwemo Palmasi, Simplisi, Felisi na Blanka <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90979</ref> Mjini Roma, kwenye [[barabara]] Aurelia, kuna [[katakombu]] yenye [[jina]] lake. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Orthodox Calendar. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, a parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow |url=https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/ |website=www.holytrinityorthodox.com}}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[10 Mei]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071026204059/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintc8z.htm Calepodius] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 232]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] pgxa4pjf2wv4g5cy8bgkkv3l1zvt8tl 1594451 1594450 2026-09-04T14:40:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Martyrdom_of_Calepodius,_a_Christian_minister._Engraving._Wellcome_V0031764.jpg|thumb|[[Mfiadini|Kifodini]] chake.]] '''Kalepodi''' (kwa [[Kilatini]]: '''Calepodius'''; alifariki [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[226]] hivi) alikuwa [[padri]] aliyeteswa na kuuawa <ref>[[John Foxe]], [[Foxes Book of Martyrs|Book of Martyrs]] (E. Hall, 1833) [https://books.google.com/books?id=JMU8AAAAYAAJ&q=Martina&pg=PA41 p41].</ref> kutokana na [[imani]] yake ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]]. Pamoja naye waliuawa Wakristo wengine walau 118, wakiwemo Palmasi, Simplisi, Felisi na Blanka <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90979</ref> Mjini Roma, kwenye [[barabara]] Aurelia, kuna [[katakombu]] yenye [[jina]] lake<ref>http://www.romaspqr.it/roma/Catacombe/catacombe_di_calepodio.htm Visit information, including address</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Orthodox Calendar. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, a parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow |url=https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/ |website=www.holytrinityorthodox.com}}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni [[tarehe]] [[10 Mei]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071026204059/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintc8z.htm Calepodius] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 232]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 8j0d5pkvqbhpz5d1z0zrbmnomyqr8xb 0 248447 1594459 2026-09-04T17:04:29Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 Création en traduction article "Mambasa" #WIKI100DaysRDC2026 1594459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Mambasa, Province de l’Ituri, RD Congo - Des policiers congolais en formation à la sécurisation des élections avec l’appui de la MONUSCO (25030377481).jpg|thumb|vignette|''Polisi wa Kongo huko Mambasa (2016)]] Mambasa ni mji na makao makuu ya utawala wa eneo lenye jina hilo hilo katika jimbo la Ituri nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Jiografia == Mambasa iko kando ya Barabara ya Taifa namba 4 (RN4), kilomita 174 magharibi mwa makao makuu ya jimbo, Bunia. == Historia == Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, Mambasa ulikuwa mji wenye wakazi wapatao 20,000 hadi 25,000. Ukiwa mji wa Kongo ulio karibu na mipaka ya Uganda na Sudan Kusini, unapatikana katika jimbo la mashariki la Ituri—eneo ambalo shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Human Rights Watch lililielezea mwaka wa 2003 kuwa "eneo lenye umwagaji damu mkubwa zaidi nchini Kongo."<ref> [https://www.hrw.org/legacy/french/campaigns/congo/armedgroups.htm ''Ituri: le coin le plus sanglant du Congo. Qui est qui - Groupes politiques armés en Ituri (mai 2003), Human Rights Watch, 2003]</ref>. Eneo hili linafurahia hali nzuri ya kiuchumi na usalama, na liko karibu na uwanja wa ndege pamoja na barabara inayoelekea Komanda (Annan 2003, uk. 4). Faida hizi huvutia makundi yenye silaha yanayofanya shughuli zake katika eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa mwaka wa 2002, mji huo ulishambuliwa na makundi kadhaa yenye silaha wakati wa Operesheni "Effacer le tableau" (Kufuta Kabisa), ambayo ilikuwa ni kampeni ya kijeshi iliyosababisha ukatili mwingi dhidi ya raia. == Utawala == Likiwa kitovu cha utawala wa eneo hilo—na likiwa na wapiga kura waliojiandikisha 17,706 mnamo mwaka wa 2018—eneo hilo lina hadhi ya manispaa ya vijijini yenye wapiga kura wachache kuliko 80,000; lilikuwa na madiwani saba wa manispaa mnamo mwaka wa 2019<ref>CENI, [https://www.ceni.cd/assets/bundles/documents/cadre-legal/cadre-legal_1531157427.pdf ''Répartition des sièges pour les élections''], p.27, 2018</ref>. == Mazingira == == Uchumi == == Vidokezo na marejeleo == {{Reflist}} == Nyaraka == i5owb2d35zuekk9v0tk9xdk483fzf83 1594546 1594459 2026-09-05T07:14:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594546 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Mambasa, Province de l’Ituri, RD Congo - Des policiers congolais en formation à la sécurisation des élections avec l’appui de la MONUSCO (25030377481).jpg|thumb|vignette|''Polisi wa Kongo huko Mambasa (2016)]] '''Mambasa''' ni mji na makao makuu ya utawala wa eneo lenye jina hilo hilo katika [[mkoa wa Ituri|jimbo la Ituri]] nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Jiografia == Mambasa iko kando ya Barabara ya Taifa namba 4 (RN4), kilomita 174 magharibi mwa makao makuu ya jimbo, Bunia. == Historia == Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, Mambasa ulikuwa mji wenye wakazi wapatao 20,000 hadi 25,000. Ukiwa mji wa Kongo ulio karibu na mipaka ya Uganda na Sudan Kusini, unapatikana katika jimbo la mashariki la Ituri—eneo ambalo shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Human Rights Watch lililielezea mwaka wa 2003 kuwa "eneo lenye umwagaji damu mkubwa zaidi nchini Kongo."<ref> [https://www.hrw.org/legacy/french/campaigns/congo/armedgroups.htm ''Ituri: le coin le plus sanglant du Congo. Qui est qui - Groupes politiques armés en Ituri (mai 2003), Human Rights Watch, 2003]</ref>. Eneo hili linafurahia hali nzuri ya kiuchumi na usalama, na liko karibu na uwanja wa ndege pamoja na barabara inayoelekea Komanda (Annan 2003, uk. 4). Faida hizi huvutia makundi yenye silaha yanayofanya shughuli zake katika eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa mwaka wa 2002, mji huo ulishambuliwa na makundi kadhaa yenye silaha wakati wa Operesheni "Effacer le tableau" (Kufuta Kabisa), ambayo ilikuwa ni kampeni ya kijeshi iliyosababisha ukatili mwingi dhidi ya raia. == Utawala == Likiwa kitovu cha utawala wa eneo hilo—na likiwa na wapiga kura waliojiandikisha 17,706 mnamo mwaka wa 2018—eneo hilo lina hadhi ya manispaa ya vijijini yenye wapiga kura wachache kuliko 80,000; lilikuwa na madiwani saba wa manispaa mnamo mwaka wa 2019<ref>CENI, [https://www.ceni.cd/assets/bundles/documents/cadre-legal/cadre-legal_1531157427.pdf ''Répartition des sièges pour les élections''], p.27, 2018</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kondo]] [[Jamii:mkoa wa Ituri]] gjara8ongqnrz2s8aq4oewdqhaooar3 1594548 1594546 2026-09-05T07:16:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1594548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Mambasa, Province de l’Ituri, RD Congo - Des policiers congolais en formation à la sécurisation des élections avec l’appui de la MONUSCO (25030377481).jpg|thumb|vignette|''Polisi wa Kongo huko Mambasa (2016)]] '''Mambasa''' ni mji na makao makuu ya utawala wa eneo lenye jina hilo hilo katika [[mkoa wa Ituri|jimbo la Ituri]] nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Jiografia == Mambasa iko kando ya Barabara ya Taifa namba 4 (RN4), kilomita 174 magharibi mwa makao makuu ya jimbo, Bunia. == Historia == Mnamo mwaka wa 2002, Mambasa ulikuwa mji wenye wakazi wapatao 20,000 hadi 25,000. Ukiwa mji wa Kongo ulio karibu na mipaka ya Uganda na Sudan Kusini, unapatikana katika jimbo la mashariki la Ituri—eneo ambalo shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Human Rights Watch lililielezea mwaka wa 2003 kuwa "eneo lenye umwagaji damu mkubwa zaidi nchini Kongo."<ref> [https://www.hrw.org/legacy/french/campaigns/congo/armedgroups.htm ''Ituri: le coin le plus sanglant du Congo. Qui est qui - Groupes politiques armés en Ituri (mai 2003), Human Rights Watch, 2003]</ref>. Eneo hili linafurahia hali nzuri ya kiuchumi na usalama, na liko karibu na uwanja wa ndege pamoja na barabara inayoelekea Komanda (Annan 2003, uk. 4). Faida hizi huvutia makundi yenye silaha yanayofanya shughuli zake katika eneo hilo. Mwishoni mwa mwaka wa 2002, mji huo ulishambuliwa na makundi kadhaa yenye silaha wakati wa Operesheni "Effacer le tableau" (Kufuta Kabisa), ambayo ilikuwa ni kampeni ya kijeshi iliyosababisha ukatili mwingi dhidi ya raia. == Utawala == Likiwa kitovu cha utawala wa eneo hilo—na likiwa na wapiga kura waliojiandikisha 17,706 mnamo mwaka wa 2018—eneo hilo lina hadhi ya manispaa ya vijijini yenye wapiga kura wachache kuliko 80,000; lilikuwa na madiwani saba wa manispaa mnamo mwaka wa 2019<ref>CENI, [https://www.ceni.cd/assets/bundles/documents/cadre-legal/cadre-legal_1531157427.pdf ''Répartition des sièges pour les élections''], p.27, 2018</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:miji ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:mkoa wa Ituri]] f7r4xxmh92ps9pzqgutwa8vkfa3zmxn 0 248448 1594462 2026-09-04T18:08:55Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Heather Maxine Reisman''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]]. Reisman ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa maduka ya rejareja nchini Kanada ''Indigo Books and Music''. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Kobo, na aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka [[2019]].<ref name="cfc-swc.gc.ca">{{Cite web |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |titl...' 1594462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heather Maxine Reisman''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]]. Reisman ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa maduka ya rejareja nchini Kanada ''Indigo Books and Music''. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Kobo, na aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka [[2019]].<ref name="cfc-swc.gc.ca">{{Cite web |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |title=Heather Reisman (Status of Women Canada profile) - Archived copy |access-date=March 26, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230020955/https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Reisman alizaliwa mwaka 1948 katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha McGill. == Kazi == Reisman alianza kazi katika ustawi wa jamii kama mfanyakazi wa kesi. Baada ya ndoa yake ya kwanza kuisha kwa talaka, alibadilisha kazi na kujiunga na kampuni ya kaka yake Howard. Mwaka 1979, alianzisha Paradigm Consulting na alihudumu kama mkurugenzi msimamizi wa kampuni hii ya ushauri wa mabadiliko ya kimkakati hadi 1995.<ref name="weizmann.ac.il">{{cite web|url=http://www.weizmann.ac.il/conferences/InternationalBoard2017/heather-reisman|title=Heather Reisman - International Board 2017|website=www.weizmann.ac.il}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] alr8ltvsrwx6klwqbk7m6g1kzrd1sry 1594502 1594462 2026-09-04T21:34:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heather Maxine Reisman''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]]. Reisman ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa maduka ya rejareja nchini Kanada ''Indigo Books and Music''. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Kobo, na aliteuliwa kuwa Afisa wa Order of Canada mwaka [[2019]].<ref name="cfc-swc.gc.ca">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |title=Heather Reisman (Status of Women Canada profile) - Archived copy |access-date=March 26, 2019 |archive-date=December 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230020955/https://cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/woi-fic/heather-reisman-en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Reisman alizaliwa mwaka 1948 katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha McGill. == Kazi == Reisman alianza kazi katika ustawi wa jamii kama mfanyakazi wa kesi. Baada ya ndoa yake ya kwanza kuisha kwa talaka, alibadilisha kazi na kujiunga na kampuni ya kaka yake Howard. Mwaka 1979, alianzisha Paradigm Consulting na alihudumu kama mkurugenzi msimamizi wa kampuni hii ya ushauri wa mabadiliko ya kimkakati hadi 1995.<ref name="weizmann.ac.il">{{cite web|url=http://www.weizmann.ac.il/conferences/InternationalBoard2017/heather-reisman|title=Heather Reisman - International Board 2017|website=www.weizmann.ac.il}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0rjv82gm9y9azxvimzpkf0rgjijdulz 0 248449 1594463 2026-09-04T18:16:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anton Rabie''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji mwenza (pamoja na Ronnen Harary) wa ''Spin Master'', kampuni katika tasnia ya vifaa vya kuchezea vya watoto, inayojulikana kwa bidhaa maarufu kama Hatchimals, Air Hogs, na [[PAW Patrol|Paw Patrol]]. Alianzisha Spin Master mwaka [[1994]] pamoja na rafiki yake wa utotoni [[Ronnen Harary]]. Wawili hao walianza biashara kwa uwekezaji wa awali wa dola 1...' 1594463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anton Rabie''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji mwenza (pamoja na Ronnen Harary) wa ''Spin Master'', kampuni katika tasnia ya vifaa vya kuchezea vya watoto, inayojulikana kwa bidhaa maarufu kama Hatchimals, Air Hogs, na [[PAW Patrol|Paw Patrol]]. Alianzisha Spin Master mwaka [[1994]] pamoja na rafiki yake wa utotoni [[Ronnen Harary]]. Wawili hao walianza biashara kwa uwekezaji wa awali wa dola 10,000, wakitoa bidhaa yao ya kwanza, "Earth Buddy," ambayo ilikuwa sawa na Chia Pet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Anton Rabie |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/anton-rabie/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Mwaka [[2021]], Rabie alipanua Spin Master kwa kununua Rubik's Cube kwa dola milioni 50. Alifanya kampuni hiyo kuwa ya umma mwaka [[2015]] na tangu wakati huo imekua na kuwa biashara ya kimataifa yenye mauzo ya dola bilioni 1.6, ikiajiri zaidi ya watu 1,500 katika nchi 16. Rabie na Ronnen Harary walianza ushirikiano wao walipokutana katika kambi ya majira ya joto huko [[Ontario]] wakiwa na umri wa miaka 11.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Steinberger |first=Michael |date=2021-06-29 |title=A Few Tennis Pros Make a Fortune. Most Barely Scrape By. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/29/magazine/tennis-players-association.html |access-date=2024-07-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Rabie anahudumu kama mshauri kwa wajasiriamali wengine na wanamichezo kama mchezaji wa tenisi [[Vasek Pospisil]]. Alikuwa mfadhili wa awali wa Professional Tennis Players Association (PTPA). Kufikia Machi [[2018]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/03/06/meet-the-worlds-259-newest-billionaires-francois-bettencourt-meyers-lynsi-snyder/|title=Meet The World's 259 Newest Billionaires|first=Chase|last=Peterson-Withorn|date=|website=forbes.com|accessdate=6 March 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6xs90w818wr8tgbp2g67es07u5n6gs4 0 248450 1594464 2026-09-04T18:32:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Joshua Azrieli''' ( [[10 Mei]] [[1922]] – [[9 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mhandisi, mbunifu, na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Israeli]] . Alikuwa "Mzayuni aliyejitolea", akihudumu kama Rais wa Kitaifa wa Shirikisho la Kizayuni la Kanada katika miaka ya [[1980]]. Akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.1 mnamo Machi [[2013]], aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa kanada wa tisa tajiri zaid...' 1594464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Joshua Azrieli''' ( [[10 Mei]] [[1922]] – [[9 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mhandisi, mbunifu, na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Israeli]] . Alikuwa "Mzayuni aliyejitolea", akihudumu kama Rais wa Kitaifa wa Shirikisho la Kizayuni la Kanada katika miaka ya [[1980]]. Akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.1 mnamo Machi [[2013]], aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa kanada wa tisa tajiri zaidi na mtu tajiri wa 401 kwa jumla.<ref>{{Cite news|title=David Azrieli, a master at beating adversity|url=https://financialpost.com/diane-francis/david-azrieli-a-master-at-beating-adversity|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Financial Post|date=8 August 2010 |language=en-CA|last1=Francis |first1=Diane }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-08-23|title=Interview: David Azrieli|url=https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2009/08/23/interview-david-azrieli/|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Hadassah Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Mwaka [[1989]], alianzisha Azrieli Foundation ya hisani, ambayo aliachia mali yake nyingi baada ya kifo chake mwaka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://montrealgazette.remembering.ca/obituary/david-azrieli-1066083658}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] pbqd9efy6sb2bxvdhlw9yepnvdg5dxp 1594500 1594464 2026-09-04T20:44:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1594500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Joshua Azrieli''' ( [[10 Mei]] [[1922]] – [[9 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mhandisi, mbunifu, na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye asili ya [[Israeli]] . Alikuwa "Mzayuni aliyejitolea", akihudumu kama Rais wa Kitaifa wa Shirikisho la Kizayuni la Kanada katika miaka ya [[1980]]. Akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.1 mnamo Machi [[2013]], aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa kanada wa tisa tajiri zaidi na mtu tajiri wa 401 kwa jumla.<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=David Azrieli, a master at beating adversity|url=https://financialpost.com/diane-francis/david-azrieli-a-master-at-beating-adversity|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Financial Post|date=8 August 2010 |language=en-CA|last1=Francis |first1=Diane }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2009-08-23|title=Interview: David Azrieli|url=https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2009/08/23/interview-david-azrieli/|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Hadassah Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Mwaka [[1989]], alianzisha Azrieli Foundation ya hisani, ambayo aliachia mali yake nyingi baada ya kifo chake mwaka 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title= |url=https://montrealgazette.remembering.ca/obituary/david-azrieli-1066083658}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] cske0t8mh5bftbyefsm4gw6bep65sgw 0 248451 1594465 2026-09-04T18:45:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steve Apostolopoulos''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa [[Toronto]] kama mtoto wa mfanyabiashara wa marehemu wa Kigiriki-Kanada Andreas Apostolopoulos. Yeye ni mshirika msimamizi wa kampuni ya mali isiyohamishika ''Triple Group of Companies'', mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya fedha ya kibinafsi ''Six Ventures'', na mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kadi ya mkopo Caary.<ref name="ESPN">{{cite news |last1=Windhorst |first1=Brian |title=Sources:...' 1594465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve Apostolopoulos''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa [[Toronto]] kama mtoto wa mfanyabiashara wa marehemu wa Kigiriki-Kanada Andreas Apostolopoulos. Yeye ni mshirika msimamizi wa kampuni ya mali isiyohamishika ''Triple Group of Companies'', mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya fedha ya kibinafsi ''Six Ventures'', na mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kadi ya mkopo Caary.<ref name="ESPN">{{cite news |last1=Windhorst |first1=Brian |title=Sources: Billionaire Steve Apostolopoulos joins bidders for Commanders |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/nfl/story/_/id/35917988/sources-billionaire-steve-apostolopoulos-joins-bidders-commanders |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=ESPN |date=22 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Sportskeeda">{{cite news |last1=Gullo |first1=Robert |title=Who is Steve Apostolopoulos? Canadian billionaire pegged as suitor for Dan Snyder's Commanders|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/nfl/news-who-steve-apostolopoulos-canadian-billionaire-pegged-suitor-dan-snyder-s-commanders |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Sportskeeda |date=23 March 2023}}</ref> Mwaka [[2023]], Apostolopoulos alifanya zabuni za kununua ''Washington Commanders wa National Football League (NFL)'' na Ottawa Senators wa National Hockey League (NHL) kabla ya kuuzwa kwa wahusika wengine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caary.com/industry-interviews/interview-with-steve-apostolopoulos/|title=An entrepreneur’s journey: Interview with Steve Apostolopoulos, Co-founder of Caary &#124; Caary}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o7damqucqszvzxkhevglxon1kewcunu 1594512 1594465 2026-09-05T02:00:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve Apostolopoulos''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa [[Toronto]] kama mtoto wa mfanyabiashara wa marehemu wa Kigiriki-Kanada Andreas Apostolopoulos. Yeye ni mshirika msimamizi wa kampuni ya mali isiyohamishika ''Triple Group of Companies'', mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya fedha ya kibinafsi ''Six Ventures'', na mwanzilishi mwenza wa kampuni ya kadi ya mkopo Caary.<ref name="ESPN">{{cite news |last1=Windhorst |first1=Brian |title=Sources: Billionaire Steve Apostolopoulos joins bidders for Commanders |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/nfl/story/_/id/35917988/sources-billionaire-steve-apostolopoulos-joins-bidders-commanders |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=ESPN |date=22 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Sportskeeda">{{cite news |last1=Gullo |first1=Robert |title=Who is Steve Apostolopoulos? Canadian billionaire pegged as suitor for Dan Snyder's Commanders|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/nfl/news-who-steve-apostolopoulos-canadian-billionaire-pegged-suitor-dan-snyder-s-commanders |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Sportskeeda |date=23 March 2023}}</ref> Mwaka [[2023]], Apostolopoulos alifanya zabuni za kununua ''Washington Commanders wa National Football League (NFL)'' na Ottawa Senators wa National Hockey League (NHL) kabla ya kuuzwa kwa wahusika wengine.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://caary.com/industry-interviews/interview-with-steve-apostolopoulos/|title=An entrepreneur’s journey: Interview with Steve Apostolopoulos, Co-founder of Caary &#124; Caary}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r7lymaq7jiafncwoh03bosns4lcdwpp 0 248452 1594466 2026-09-04T18:52:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Noubar Afeyan''' (alizaliwa [[1962]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] , mvumbuzi, na mhisani bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha pamoja kampuni ya teknolojia ya kibayolojia Moderna, kupitia kampuni yake ya mtaji wa ubia Flagship Pioneering, na kwa kuanzisha pamoja miradi ya kibinadamu kama Aurora Prize na The Future Armenian. Kufikia Novemba [[2021]], utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 3.3. Alitunukiwa Medali ya Kit...' 1594466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noubar Afeyan''' (alizaliwa [[1962]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] , mvumbuzi, na mhisani bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha pamoja kampuni ya teknolojia ya kibayolojia Moderna, kupitia kampuni yake ya mtaji wa ubia Flagship Pioneering, na kwa kuanzisha pamoja miradi ya kibinadamu kama Aurora Prize na The Future Armenian. Kufikia Novemba [[2021]], utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 3.3. Alitunukiwa Medali ya Kitaifa ya Teknolojia na Ubunifu mwaka [[2025]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-24|title=COVID-19 vaccine: Meet the immigrants driving the search|url=https://www.studyinternational.com/news/covid-19-vaccine/|access-date=2020-12-21|website=Study International|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] scelh4dzevpgrpcvahg1la71v862pnv 1594510 1594466 2026-09-05T00:58:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noubar Afeyan''' (alizaliwa [[1962]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] , mvumbuzi, na mhisani bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuanzisha pamoja kampuni ya teknolojia ya kibayolojia Moderna, kupitia kampuni yake ya mtaji wa ubia Flagship Pioneering, na kwa kuanzisha pamoja miradi ya kibinadamu kama Aurora Prize na The Future Armenian. Kufikia Novemba [[2021]], utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 3.3. Alitunukiwa Medali ya Kitaifa ya Teknolojia na Ubunifu mwaka [[2025]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-11-24|title=COVID-19 vaccine: Meet the immigrants driving the search|url=https://www.studyinternational.com/news/covid-19-vaccine/|access-date=2020-12-21|website=Study International|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wavumbuzi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a42vyts6ujttarktjye2r5bke0k8bx7 0 248453 1594467 2026-09-04T18:52:56Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''George Parry''' (12 Desemba 1908 – 26 Oktoba 1979) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alisimamia [[michezo]] miwili ya Majaribio mwaka 1962.<ref>[http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/43/43837/43837.html "George Parry".] CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/46932.html "G. Parry".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-m...' 1594467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Parry''' (12 Desemba 1908 – 26 Oktoba 1979) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alisimamia [[michezo]] miwili ya Majaribio mwaka 1962.<ref>[http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/43/43837/43837.html "George Parry".] CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</ref><ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/46932.html "G. Parry".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1979]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] fwovns40kr6z865hz4ajq8604v5dsjb 0 248454 1594468 2026-09-04T18:57:06Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Imran Parvez''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Desemba 1977 mjini Rajshahi) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza kutoka Bangladesh, aliyekuwa akicheza kati ya mwaka 2000 na 2004. Pia anajulikana kwa jina la utani “Ripon”. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza kriketi, alianza kuwa mwamuzi na kusimamia michezo ya kriketi ya ndani. == Maisha ya uchezaji == Parvez alianza kuchezea Timu ya Kriketi ya Rajshahi katika [[msimu]] wa 2000–01 na aliendelea k...' 1594468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imran Parvez''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Desemba 1977 mjini Rajshahi) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza kutoka Bangladesh, aliyekuwa akicheza kati ya mwaka 2000 na 2004. Pia anajulikana kwa jina la utani “Ripon”. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza kriketi, alianza kuwa mwamuzi na kusimamia michezo ya kriketi ya ndani. == Maisha ya uchezaji == Parvez alianza kuchezea Timu ya Kriketi ya Rajshahi katika [[msimu]] wa 2000–01 na aliendelea kuitumikia hadi msimu wa 2003–04. Alichukua jumla ya wiketi 76 katika kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kwa kutumia mipira ya mzunguko. Uchezaji wake bora wa upigaji mipira ulitokea dhidi ya Timu ya Kriketi ya Barisal, ambapo alichukua wiketi 5 kwa kuruhusu mikimbio 35. <ref>[https://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/35/35132/35132.html Imran Parvez at CricketArchive]</ref>Pia alichukua wiketi 5 kwa kuruhusu mikimbio 82 dhidi ya Timu ya Kriketi ya Chittagong. Kama mpigaji wa mkono wa kulia aliyekuwa akicheza katika nafasi za mwisho, alifikisha alama yake bora ya 37 bila kutolewa dhidi ya Timu ya Kriketi ya Barisal. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza kriketi, Parvez alianza kufanya kazi kama mwamuzi wa kriketi. Amewahi kusimamia michezo katika Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Kriketi ya Bangladesh. Katika mchezo wa hatua ya makundi kati ya Abahani Limited na Klabu ya Michezo ya Mohammedan katika Ligi ya Kriketi ya Twenty20 ya Daraja la Premier la Dhaka ya mwaka 2021, Parvez alihusika katika tukio la mabishano na mchezaji wa Abahani, Shakib Al Hasan. Shakib kwanza alizipiga nguzo za wiketi na kubishana na waamuzi baada ya kutoridhishwa na uamuzi uliotolewa. Baadaye, wakati maafisa wa mchezo walipotangaza mapumziko kutokana na mvua, Shakib alikimbia kutoka nafasi yake ya uwanjani na kung'oa nguzo zote za wiketi upande wa mpigaji ambaye hakuwa akipiga. Tukio hilo liliambatana na mabishano makali kati yake na maafisa wa [[;|mchezo]]. Baadaye, Shakib alidai kuwa kulikuwa na uamuzi wa upendeleo katika Ligi ya Premier ya Dhaka.<ref>প্রতিবেদক, [https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/cricket/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 ক্রীড়া. কী হবে সাকিবের.] Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 12 June 2021.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] b8zdih30mfzuxge5zbu862syi177p74 0 248455 1594469 2026-09-04T18:59:08Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nandasena Pathirana''' (alizaliwa tarehe 31 Desemba 1942) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. Alisimamia [[michezo]] 13 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1993 na 2001.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50171.html "Nandasena Pathirana".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]]' 1594469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nandasena Pathirana''' (alizaliwa tarehe 31 Desemba 1942) ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. Alisimamia [[michezo]] 13 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1993 na 2001.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50171.html "Nandasena Pathirana".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] n2qjcltg2elb09xn2uxilyg2mt1jvf6 0 248456 1594470 2026-09-04T19:01:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frederick Payne''' (12 Januari 1908 – 31 Julai 1992) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alisimamia [[mchezo]] mmoja wa Majaribio, kati ya Afrika Kusini na New Zealand, mwaka 1954.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/46933.html "Frederick Payne".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]]' 1594470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frederick Payne''' (12 Januari 1908 – 31 Julai 1992) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alisimamia [[mchezo]] mmoja wa Majaribio, kati ya Afrika Kusini na New Zealand, mwaka 1954.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/46933.html "Frederick Payne".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] axtuhsgd8f2cr2r2icnwg9r9b9moy7g 0 248457 1594471 2026-09-04T19:03:59Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jereleen Michell Pereira''' (alizaliwa tarehe 12 Agosti 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Sri Lanka ambaye sasa ni mwamuzi wa [[mechi]]. <ref>[http://m.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/54798.html "Michel Pereira".] ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 25 December 2017.</ref>Alikuwa mshiriki wa [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Wanawake ya Sri Lanka katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi ya Wanawake la 2005. Mnamo Septemba 2024, aliteuliwa kuwa mwamu...' 1594471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jereleen Michell Pereira''' (alizaliwa tarehe 12 Agosti 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Sri Lanka ambaye sasa ni mwamuzi wa [[mechi]]. <ref>[http://m.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/54798.html "Michel Pereira".] ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 25 December 2017.</ref>Alikuwa mshiriki wa [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Wanawake ya Sri Lanka katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi ya Wanawake la 2005. Mnamo Septemba 2024, aliteuliwa kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi kama sehemu ya kundi la waamuzi wanawake wote katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Twenty20 la Kriketi ya Wanawake la 2024.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/all-female-panel-of-match-officials-announced-for-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 "All-female panel of match officials announced for Women's T20 World Cup 2024".] International Cricket Council. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 9gtcriex6xiaqi3szw6qyqla5v2mard 1594549 1594471 2026-09-05T07:17:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jereleen Michell Pereira''' (alizaliwa 12 Agosti 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Sri Lanka]] ambaye sasa ni mwamuzi wa [[mechi]]. <ref>[http://m.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/54798.html "Michel Pereira".] ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 25 December 2017.</ref>Alikuwa mshiriki wa [[Timu]] ya Taifa ya Kriketi ya Wanawake ya Sri Lanka katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi ya Wanawake la 2005. Mnamo Septemba 2024, aliteuliwa kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi kama sehemu ya kundi la waamuzi wanawake wote katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Twenty20 la Kriketi ya Wanawake la 2024.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/all-female-panel-of-match-officials-announced-for-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 "All-female panel of match officials announced for Women's T20 World Cup 2024".] International Cricket Council. Retrieved 3 October 2024.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Sri Lanka]] 57jm6tjpjudfxusnm2fo1mwkpjxg6eu 0 248458 1594472 2026-09-04T19:05:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Camillus Perera''' (12 Novemba 1937 – 15 Julai 2002) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Sri Lanka. Katika kipindi cha [[kazi]] yake ya uamuzi, alisimamia [[michezo]] miwili tu ya kimataifa. Mchezo mmoja ulikuwa wa Majaribio mwaka 1986, na mwingine ulikuwa wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1985.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/49881.html "Camillus Perera".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references />...' 1594472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camillus Perera''' (12 Novemba 1937 – 15 Julai 2002) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Sri Lanka. Katika kipindi cha [[kazi]] yake ya uamuzi, alisimamia [[michezo]] miwili tu ya kimataifa. Mchezo mmoja ulikuwa wa Majaribio mwaka 1986, na mwingine ulikuwa wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1985.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/49881.html "Camillus Perera".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2002]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] p2prajmnjv4kww1tm7h3rdulw7btp8q 0 248459 1594473 2026-09-04T19:08:45Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Suranga Perera''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Desemba 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka Sri Lanka. Alicheza michezo 40 ya [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza na michezo 6 ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1994 na 2000.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/50032.html "Suranga Perera".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 February 2017.</ref> Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia michezo katika [[Mashindano]] ya Ligi Kuu ya msimu wa 2016...' 1594473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suranga Perera''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Desemba 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka Sri Lanka. Alicheza michezo 40 ya [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza na michezo 6 ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1994 na 2000.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/50032.html "Suranga Perera".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 February 2017.</ref> Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia michezo katika [[Mashindano]] ya Ligi Kuu ya msimu wa 2016–17.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1067819.html "Premier League Tournament Tier A, Plate Championship: Badureliya Sports Club v Burgher Recreation Club at Panagoda, Feb 5-7, 2017".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 February 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] to7lxkagcl3aj7eljszmagaglrieeao 1594550 1594473 2026-09-05T07:18:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suranga Perera''' (alizaliwa 28 Desemba 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Sri Lanka]]. Alicheza michezo 40 ya [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza na michezo 6 ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1994 na 2000.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/50032.html "Suranga Perera".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 February 2017.</ref> Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi na amewahi kusimamia michezo katika [[Mashindano]] ya Ligi Kuu ya msimu wa 2016–17.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1067819.html "Premier League Tournament Tier A, Plate Championship: Badureliya Sports Club v Burgher Recreation Club at Panagoda, Feb 5-7, 2017".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 5 February 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Sri Lanka]] ra5qvj4m9y3sbt4dy9uvn8tnyx1lfer 0 248460 1594474 2026-09-04T19:11:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christopher Phiri''' (alizaliwa tarehe 26 Mei 1975) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Zimbabwe na mchezaji wa zamani wa Kriketi ya Orodha A.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/308682.html "Christopher Phiri".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> Kama mwamuzi, alisimamia mchezo wa ziara kati ya Timu ya Mwenyekiti wa Zimbabwe na Timu ya Taifa ya Afghanistan iliyokuwa ikitembelea [[Zimbabwe]] mwezi Oktoba 2015. Tarehe 22 Julai...' 1594474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Phiri''' (alizaliwa tarehe 26 Mei 1975) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Zimbabwe na mchezaji wa zamani wa Kriketi ya Orodha A.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/308682.html "Christopher Phiri".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> Kama mwamuzi, alisimamia mchezo wa ziara kati ya Timu ya Mwenyekiti wa Zimbabwe na Timu ya Taifa ya Afghanistan iliyokuwa ikitembelea [[Zimbabwe]] mwezi Oktoba 2015. Tarehe 22 Julai 2021, Phiri alisimamia [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kati ya Zimbabwe na Bangladesh. Tarehe 10 Agosti 2022, alisimamia mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, ambao pia ulikuwa kati ya Zimbabwe na Bangladesh.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1323294.html "3rd ODI, Harare, August 10, 2022, Bangladesh tour of Zimbabwe".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 10 August 2022.</ref> Amesimamia michezo 7 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, ikiwemo mchezo mmoja wa wanawake, pamoja na michezo 23 ya Kimataifa ya Twenty20, ambayo inajumuisha michezo 2 ya wanawake. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] fcq9i8zqx6ax2d6xr2k8bgetqcd67w4 1594551 1594474 2026-09-05T07:19:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Phiri''' (alizaliwa 26 Mei 1975) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Zimbabwe]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa Kriketi ya Orodha A.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/308682.html "Christopher Phiri".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 10 October 2015.</ref> Kama mwamuzi, alisimamia mchezo wa ziara kati ya Timu ya Mwenyekiti wa Zimbabwe na Timu ya Taifa ya Afghanistan iliyokuwa ikitembelea [[Zimbabwe]] mwezi Oktoba 2015. Tarehe 22 Julai 2021, Phiri alisimamia [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kati ya Zimbabwe na Bangladesh. Tarehe 10 Agosti 2022, alisimamia mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, ambao pia ulikuwa kati ya Zimbabwe na Bangladesh.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1323294.html "3rd ODI, Harare, August 10, 2022, Bangladesh tour of Zimbabwe".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 10 August 2022.</ref> Amesimamia michezo 7 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, ikiwemo mchezo mmoja wa wanawake, pamoja na michezo 23 ya Kimataifa ya Twenty20, ambayo inajumuisha michezo 2 ya wanawake. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Zimbabwe]] 6h9i01j6y889gkz63u28ed31ligs50p 0 248461 1594475 2026-09-04T19:12:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sylvan Adams''' (alizaliwa [[1 Novemba]] [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Israeli]] na [[Kanada]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Adams alizaliwa na kukulia katika Jiji la [[Quebec]], Kanada. Alihudumu kwa karibu miaka 25 kama Rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Iberville Developments, moja ya makampuni makubwa ya maendeleo ya majengo nchini Kanada, iliyoanzishwa na baba yake Marcel. Mwishoni mwa [[2015]], alihamia Israel na kukaa [[Tel Aviv]].<ref name=...' 1594475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvan Adams''' (alizaliwa [[1 Novemba]] [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Israeli]] na [[Kanada]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Adams alizaliwa na kukulia katika Jiji la [[Quebec]], Kanada. Alihudumu kwa karibu miaka 25 kama Rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Iberville Developments, moja ya makampuni makubwa ya maendeleo ya majengo nchini Kanada, iliyoanzishwa na baba yake Marcel. Mwishoni mwa [[2015]], alihamia Israel na kukaa [[Tel Aviv]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/50-most-influential-jews/35-Sylvan-Adams-565507|title=35. Sylvan Adams - 50 Most Influential Jews - Jerusalem Post|website=www.jpost.com|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> Mwaka [[2025]], Adams aliteuliwa kuwa Rais wa World Jewish Congress Israel.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=No. 11: Sylvan Adams: President of WJC Israel |url=https://www.jpost.com/influencers-25/50jews-25/article-867760 |access-date=3 March 2026 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 169k56fez0c94539ebusdjoog0zrdwl 1594513 1594475 2026-09-05T02:04:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvan Adams''' (alizaliwa [[1 Novemba]] [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa [[Israeli]] na [[Kanada]]. == Maisha na Kazi == Adams alizaliwa na kukulia katika Jiji la [[Quebec]], Kanada. Alihudumu kwa karibu miaka 25 kama Rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Iberville Developments, moja ya makampuni makubwa ya maendeleo ya majengo nchini Kanada, iliyoanzishwa na baba yake Marcel. Mwishoni mwa [[2015]], alihamia Israel na kukaa [[Tel Aviv]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.jpost.com/50-most-influential-jews/35-Sylvan-Adams-565507|title=35. Sylvan Adams - 50 Most Influential Jews - Jerusalem Post|website=www.jpost.com|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> Mwaka [[2025]], Adams aliteuliwa kuwa Rais wa World Jewish Congress Israel.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=No. 11: Sylvan Adams: President of WJC Israel |url=https://www.jpost.com/influencers-25/50jews-25/article-867760 |access-date=3 March 2026 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f5ow1yo6jj9m3pyueihrd4c9a81nlsm 0 248462 1594476 2026-09-04T19:14:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gerrie Pienaar''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Aprili 1959) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/46941.html "Gerrie Pienaar".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</ref> Amesimamia [[michezo]] katika [[Kombe]] la Siku Tatu la Sunfoil la msimu wa 2016–17 na Mashindano ya Siku Moja ya Mikoa ya Chama cha Kriketi cha Afrika Kusini ya msimu wa 2016–17. Mwezi Oktoba 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa waamuz...' 1594476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerrie Pienaar''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Aprili 1959) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/46941.html "Gerrie Pienaar".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 2 March 2017.</ref> Amesimamia [[michezo]] katika [[Kombe]] la Siku Tatu la Sunfoil la msimu wa 2016–17 na Mashindano ya Siku Moja ya Mikoa ya Chama cha Kriketi cha Afrika Kusini ya msimu wa 2016–17. Mwezi Oktoba 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa waamuzi watatu wa [[mechi]] katika Mashindano ya Kufuzu kwa Kombe la Dunia la Twenty20 la Kriketi la 2019.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1412092 "Match Officials announced for ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2019".] International Cricket Council. Retrieved 10 October 2019.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] kv65xitehr9y3pdkn9skj8q7m7zccl7 0 248463 1594477 2026-09-04T19:17:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Selliah Ponnadurai''' (25 Aprili 1935 – 15 Agosti 2013) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. Alisimamia [[michezo]] mitatu ya Majaribio kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1993, pamoja na michezo minane ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1983 na 1993.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50176.html "Selliah Ponnadurai".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> Alifariki mwaka 2013 akiwa na umri wa miaka 78.<ref>[http://www.e...' 1594477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Selliah Ponnadurai''' (25 Aprili 1935 – 15 Agosti 2013) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. Alisimamia [[michezo]] mitatu ya Majaribio kati ya mwaka 1985 na 1993, pamoja na michezo minane ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1983 na 1993.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50176.html "Selliah Ponnadurai".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 July 2013.</ref> Alifariki mwaka 2013 akiwa na umri wa miaka 78.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/story/662617.html "Sri Lanka umpire Ponnadurai dies".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 August 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 8vjf1ox3woi7b4ovrizdpvg42nosam6 0 248464 1594478 2026-09-04T19:17:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcel Adams''' ( [[2 Agosti]] [[1920]] – [[11 Agosti]] [[2020]]) alikuwa mwekezaji wa mali zisizohamishika na bilionea aliokolewa katika [[Holocaust]] nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://adevarul.ro/locale/piatra-neamt/extraordinara-poveste-romanului-800-milioane-dolari-ascunse-elvetia-traseul-evreul-sarac-meir-abramovici-miliardarul-marcel-adams-1_54e363fa448e03c0fdb52f6d/index.html |title=Extraordinara poveste a românului cu 800 de mili...' 1594478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcel Adams''' ( [[2 Agosti]] [[1920]] – [[11 Agosti]] [[2020]]) alikuwa mwekezaji wa mali zisizohamishika na bilionea aliokolewa katika [[Holocaust]] nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://adevarul.ro/locale/piatra-neamt/extraordinara-poveste-romanului-800-milioane-dolari-ascunse-elvetia-traseul-evreul-sarac-meir-abramovici-miliardarul-marcel-adams-1_54e363fa448e03c0fdb52f6d/index.html |title=Extraordinara poveste a românului cu 800 de milioane de dolari ascunse în Elveţia. Traseul de la evreul sărac Meir Abramovici la miliardarul Marcel Adams |author=Florin Jbanca |date=18 February 2015 |publisher=piatra neamt |language=ro }}</ref> == Wasifu == Marcel Abramovich (baadaye Adams) alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko [[Romania]] mwaka 1920. Baba yake alikuwa mchinjaji. Wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia alilazimishwa kufanya kazi katika kambi za kazi za Nazi ([[1941]]–[[1944]]). Alitoroka na kukimbia kwanza [[Uturuki]] na kisha kwenda [[Palestina]] ya Lazima ambako alipigania uhuru wa [[Israeli]]. Mwaka [[1951]], alihamia Kanada ambako alifanya kazi katika kiwanda cha ngozi cha Jiji la [[Quebec]]. Mwaka 1955, alianza kuwekeza katika mali isiyohamishika akipata faida ya asilimia 70 kwenye jengo lake la kwanza. Mwaka 1958, alianzisha ''Iberville Developments'' na mwaka [[1959]], alifungua duka lake la kwanza la maduka makubwa. Adams alistaafu na mwanawe, [[Sylvan Adams]], aliendesha kampuni kwa karibu miaka 25, kabla ya kurithiwa na mwanawe mwenyewe, Josh. Kufikia 2017, Iberville inamiliki na kusimamia kwingineko mbalimbali ya zaidi ya mali 100 yenye futi za mraba milioni nane.<ref name=ForbesBillionaires>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/marcel-adams/?list=billionaires Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Marcel Adams] April 2017</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] 1001znfu1hmnrab2v1t57gkyzruyl11 0 248465 1594479 2026-09-04T19:19:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''K. T. Ponnambalam''' ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. Alisimamia [[michezo]] miwili ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1985 na 1986.<ref>"[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50228.html K. T. Ponnambalam".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]]' 1594479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''K. T. Ponnambalam''' ni mwamuzi wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. Alisimamia [[michezo]] miwili ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1985 na 1986.<ref>"[http://www.espncricinfo.com/srilanka/content/player/50228.html K. T. Ponnambalam".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 95q8de38l2r500cx1y1fl6lnsa2tu07 0 248466 1594480 2026-09-04T19:23:00Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Buddhi Bahadhur Pradhan''' (kwa Kinepali: बुद्धि प्रधान) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Nepal.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/208255.html "Buddhi Pradhan".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi 17 wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya Miaka 19 la 2018. Pia amewahi kuwa mwamuzi wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana...' 1594480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buddhi Bahadhur Pradhan''' (kwa Kinepali: बुद्धि प्रधान) ni mwamuzi wa kimataifa wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Nepal.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/208255.html "Buddhi Pradhan".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi 17 wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya Miaka 19 la 2018. Pia amewahi kuwa mwamuzi wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya Miaka 19 la ICC la 2022.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2443408 "Match officials named for ICC U19 Men's Cricket World Cup".] International Cricket Council. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 92sd69luowu2y4ndbfa06mhykomdn1q 0 248467 1594481 2026-09-04T19:25:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ryan Cohen''' (alizaliwa [[1986]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na mwekezaji mwanaharakati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nille |first=Jennifer |date=January 25, 2024 |title=Le bilan mitigé de Ryan Cohen, le Warren Buffett des "meme stocks" |trans-title=The mixed record of Ryan Cohen, the Warren Buffett of "meme stocks" |url=https://www.lecho.be/dossier/portraits/le-bilan-mitige-de-ryan-cohen-le-warren-buffett-des-meme-stocks/10520064.html |...' 1594481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ryan Cohen''' (alizaliwa [[1986]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na mwekezaji mwanaharakati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nille |first=Jennifer |date=January 25, 2024 |title=Le bilan mitigé de Ryan Cohen, le Warren Buffett des "meme stocks" |trans-title=The mixed record of Ryan Cohen, the Warren Buffett of "meme stocks" |url=https://www.lecho.be/dossier/portraits/le-bilan-mitige-de-ryan-cohen-le-warren-buffett-des-meme-stocks/10520064.html |work=[[L'Echo]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730071133/https://www.lecho.be/dossier/portraits/le-bilan-mitige-de-ryan-cohen-le-warren-buffett-des-meme-stocks/10520064.html |archive-date=2024-07-30 |url-status=live |language=fr}}</ref> Alianzisha kampuni ya uuzaji wa mtandaoni wa wanyama ''Chewy'' mwaka 2011 na akaijenga kuwa biashara kubwa zaidi ya e-commerce ya wanyama nchini [[Marekani]] kabla ya kuuzwa kwa dola bilioni 3.35 kwa PetSmart mwaka [[2017]], ambayo wakati huo ilikuwa na ununuzi mkubwa zaidi wa e-commerce kwenye rekodi. Cohen ni mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa GameStop kampuni hiyo ikiripoti mapato ya kipekee ya uendeshaji mwanzoni mwa 2026.<ref name="matthews">{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Chris |date=March 23, 2020 |title=How the coronavirus stock-market rout dealt Chewy's founder a $150 million blow to his Apple holdings, for now |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-coronvavirus-stock-market-rout-left-chewys-founder-down-150-million-on-his-apple-bet-2020-03-23 |website=[[MarketWatch]] |access-date=2020-06-19 |archive-date=2023-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117093216/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-coronvavirus-stock-market-rout-left-chewys-founder-down-150-million-on-his-apple-bet-2020-03-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Trentmann |first1=Nina |last2=Maurer |first2=Mark |date=February 24, 2021 |title=GameStop CFO Was Forced Out as Activist Investor Pushes New Strategy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gamestop-cfo-was-forced-out-as-activist-investor-pushes-new-strategy-11614214793 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317222641/https://www.wsj.com/articles/gamestop-cfo-was-forced-out-as-activist-investor-pushes-new-strategy-11614214793 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cohen amepewa jina la utani "Meme King" kwa ushawishi wake kwenye hisa za meme kama ile ya GameStop. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2wlx2opzzrhoxbssvzl8xtfolkupu4o 1594511 1594481 2026-09-05T01:38:11Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ryan Cohen''' (alizaliwa [[1986]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na mwekezaji mwanaharakati.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Nille |first=Jennifer |date=January 25, 2024 |title=Le bilan mitigé de Ryan Cohen, le Warren Buffett des "meme stocks" |trans-title=The mixed record of Ryan Cohen, the Warren Buffett of "meme stocks" |url=https://www.lecho.be/dossier/portraits/le-bilan-mitige-de-ryan-cohen-le-warren-buffett-des-meme-stocks/10520064.html |work=[[L'Echo]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730071133/https://www.lecho.be/dossier/portraits/le-bilan-mitige-de-ryan-cohen-le-warren-buffett-des-meme-stocks/10520064.html |archive-date=2024-07-30 |url-status=live |language=fr}}</ref> Alianzisha kampuni ya uuzaji wa mtandaoni wa wanyama ''Chewy'' mwaka 2011 na akaijenga kuwa biashara kubwa zaidi ya e-commerce ya wanyama nchini [[Marekani]] kabla ya kuuzwa kwa dola bilioni 3.35 kwa PetSmart mwaka [[2017]], ambayo wakati huo ilikuwa na ununuzi mkubwa zaidi wa e-commerce kwenye rekodi. Cohen ni mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa GameStop kampuni hiyo ikiripoti mapato ya kipekee ya uendeshaji mwanzoni mwa 2026.<ref name="matthews">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Matthews |first=Chris |date=March 23, 2020 |title=How the coronavirus stock-market rout dealt Chewy's founder a $150 million blow to his Apple holdings, for now |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-coronvavirus-stock-market-rout-left-chewys-founder-down-150-million-on-his-apple-bet-2020-03-23 |website=[[MarketWatch]] |access-date=2020-06-19 |archive-date=2023-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117093216/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-coronvavirus-stock-market-rout-left-chewys-founder-down-150-million-on-his-apple-bet-2020-03-23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Trentmann |first1=Nina |last2=Maurer |first2=Mark |date=February 24, 2021 |title=GameStop CFO Was Forced Out as Activist Investor Pushes New Strategy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gamestop-cfo-was-forced-out-as-activist-investor-pushes-new-strategy-11614214793 |access-date=March 19, 2021 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317222641/https://www.wsj.com/articles/gamestop-cfo-was-forced-out-as-activist-investor-pushes-new-strategy-11614214793 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cohen amepewa jina la utani "Meme King" kwa ushawishi wake kwenye hisa za meme kama ile ya GameStop. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8h2z5cvzml31punrzklljjtnqvu6iv5 0 248468 1594482 2026-09-04T19:26:08Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ranganath Prasanna''' (alizaliwa tarehe 9 Machi 1975) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. <ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/430101.html "Ranganath Prasanna".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</ref>Amesimamia michezo ya ndani katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kriketi nchini Sri Lanka, kama vile Mashindano ya Twenty20 ya SLC ya 2017–18 na [[Mashindano]] ya Ligi Kuu ya 2017–18. Mwezi Machi 2018, alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi...' 1594482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ranganath Prasanna''' (alizaliwa tarehe 9 Machi 1975) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka. <ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/430101.html "Ranganath Prasanna".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</ref>Amesimamia michezo ya ndani katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kriketi nchini Sri Lanka, kama vile Mashindano ya Twenty20 ya SLC ya 2017–18 na [[Mashindano]] ya Ligi Kuu ya 2017–18. Mwezi Machi 2018, alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wawili wa uwanjani katika mchezo wa robo fainali kati ya [[Klabu]] ya Kriketi ya Chilaw Marians na Klabu ya Burgher Recreation katika Mashindano ya Ligi Kuu ya Orodha A ya 2017–18.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1139441.html "2nd quarter final, Premier Limited Over Tournament at Colombo, Mar 21 2018".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 3t7h8hvom4qb59qg0p8blqycxipz52y 0 248469 1594483 2026-09-04T19:28:13Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saqib Qureshi''' (18 Januari 1947 – 28 Machi 1998) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Mchezo pekee wa kimataifa aliowahi kuusimamia ulikuwa wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1994.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43016.html "Saqib Qureshi".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1998]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]]' 1594483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saqib Qureshi''' (18 Januari 1947 – 28 Machi 1998) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Mchezo pekee wa kimataifa aliowahi kuusimamia ulikuwa wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1994.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43016.html "Saqib Qureshi".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1998]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] j5i5w200mw08z7dsmrgsxn9ntfx6yh7 0 248470 1594484 2026-09-04T19:31:38Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brendan Roy Clouston''' (alizaliwa [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani na rais wa kampuni ya mawasiliano, Tele-Communications Inc. == Maisha ya Awali == Clouston alizaliwa [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] mwaka 1953, mtoto wa Ross Neal Clouston (1922–2008) na Brenda Clouston. Baba yake alianzisha, pamoja na kaka yake, George, LaSalle Frozen Foods na BlueWater Seafoods. Kampuni hiyo ilinunuliwa na Gorton's...' 1594484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brendan Roy Clouston''' (alizaliwa [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani na rais wa kampuni ya mawasiliano, Tele-Communications Inc. == Maisha ya Awali == Clouston alizaliwa [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] mwaka 1953, mtoto wa Ross Neal Clouston (1922–2008) na Brenda Clouston. Baba yake alianzisha, pamoja na kaka yake, George, LaSalle Frozen Foods na BlueWater Seafoods. Kampuni hiyo ilinunuliwa na Gorton's of Gloucester, ambayo baadaye alikua rais wake. Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika falsafa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto mwaka 1975, ikifuatiwa na shahada ya uzamili ya biashara kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya Ivey huko [[London]], [[Ontario]] mwaka 1979. == Kazi == Clouston alianza kazi yake kama mshauri wa usimamizi huko [[Toronto]], kabla ya kujiunga na Benki ya Boston. Alijiunga na TCI mwaka 1983 kama mkurugenzi wa fedha, na mwaka 1991 alikua Afisa Mkuu wa Uendeshaji (COO), akiripoti moja kwa moja kwa John Malone. Clouston alikuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais kuanzia 1994. Clouston alistaafu kutoka TCI mwaka 1998, kabla ya kununuliwa na AT&T mwaka uliofuata.<ref name=bloomberg>{{cite web|title=Executive Profile* B Clouston|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=781200&ticker=FUTR:LN&previousCapId=883471&previousTitle=FUTURE%2520PLC|website=bloomberg|accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ouweej35izw5rtgc0024ueeinsey5ne 0 248471 1594485 2026-09-04T19:36:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Ross Cheriton''' (alizaliwa [[29 Machi]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta, [[mfanyabiashara]], mhisani, na mwekezaji wa mtaji wa ubia nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni profesa wa sayansi ya kompyuta katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]], ambako alianzisha na anaongoza Kikundi cha Mifumo ya Usambazaji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=David Cheriton profile |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-cheriton |website=stanford.edu |access-date=2020-10-2...' 1594485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Ross Cheriton''' (alizaliwa [[29 Machi]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta, [[mfanyabiashara]], mhisani, na mwekezaji wa mtaji wa ubia nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni profesa wa sayansi ya kompyuta katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]], ambako alianzisha na anaongoza Kikundi cha Mifumo ya Usambazaji.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=David Cheriton profile |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-cheriton |website=stanford.edu |access-date=2020-10-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135053/https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-cheriton |archive-date=2016-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-16 |title=David R. Cheriton Graduate Scholarship |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/computer-science/current-graduate-students/funding-and-awards/david-r-cheriton-graduate-scholarship |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Cheriton School of Computer Science |language=en}}</ref> Yeye ni mtaalamu wa kompyuta, akiwa na ufahamu wa kutambua fursa kubwa za soko na kujenga miundo inayohitajika kushughulikia fursa hizo. Ameanzisha na kuwekeza katika makampuni ya teknolojia, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Google]], ambako alikuwa miongoni mwa wawekezaji wa kwanza wa VMware, ambako alikuwa mwekezaji wa mapema; na Arista, ambako alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza na mwanasayansi mkuu. Amefadhili angalau kampuni 20.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Frugal after Google |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/04/16/frugal-after-google |website=Stanford Daily |access-date=2016-02-05 |first=Jacob |last=Jolis |date=16 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183904/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/04/16/frugal-after-google/ |archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Midas List: #4 David Cheriton |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/99/midas09_David-Cheriton_LD0O.html |website=Forbes |access-date=2016-02-05|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306061644/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/99/midas09_David-Cheriton_LD0O.html |archive-date=2016-03-06}}</ref> Kufikia 2025, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Cheriton kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 19.8 wakati Maclean's inakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 18.64. Ametoa michango kwa elimu, kwa mchango wa dola milioni 25 kusaidia masomo ya uzamili na utafiti katika Shule ya Sayansi ya Kompyuta (baadaye iliyopewa jina la David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Waterloo, mchango wa dola milioni 7.5 kwa Chuo Kikuu cha British Columbia, na mchango wa dola milioni 12 mwaka 2016 kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford kusaidia kitivo cha Sayansi ya Kompyuta, ufadhili wa uzamili, na udhamini wa shahada ya kwanza.<ref>{{Cite web|title=David Cheriton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/david-cheriton|website=Forbes|access-date=2024-12-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220083228/http://www.forbes.com/profile/david-cheriton/|archive-date=2016-02-20}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dlzqne868jk2skf2oemsw9i7dz59o54 1594501 1594485 2026-09-04T20:45:09Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced. 1594501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Ross Cheriton''' (alizaliwa [[29 Machi]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta, [[mfanyabiashara]], mhisani, na mwekezaji wa mtaji wa ubia nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni profesa wa sayansi ya kompyuta katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford]], ambako alianzisha na anaongoza Kikundi cha Mifumo ya Usambazaji.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=David Cheriton profile |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-cheriton |website=stanford.edu |access-date=2020-10-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135053/https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-cheriton |archive-date=2016-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2017-02-16 |title=David R. Cheriton Graduate Scholarship |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/computer-science/current-graduate-students/funding-and-awards/david-r-cheriton-graduate-scholarship |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Cheriton School of Computer Science |language=en}}</ref> Yeye ni mtaalamu wa kompyuta, akiwa na ufahamu wa kutambua fursa kubwa za soko na kujenga miundo inayohitajika kushughulikia fursa hizo. Ameanzisha na kuwekeza katika makampuni ya teknolojia, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Google]], ambako alikuwa miongoni mwa wawekezaji wa kwanza wa VMware, ambako alikuwa mwekezaji wa mapema; na Arista, ambako alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza na mwanasayansi mkuu. Amefadhili angalau kampuni 20.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Frugal after Google |url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/04/16/frugal-after-google |website=Stanford Daily |access-date=2016-02-05 |first=Jacob |last=Jolis |date=16 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183904/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2010/04/16/frugal-after-google/ |archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=The Midas List: #4 David Cheriton |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/99/midas09_David-Cheriton_LD0O.html |website=Forbes |access-date=2016-02-05|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306061644/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/99/midas09_David-Cheriton_LD0O.html |archive-date=2016-03-06}}</ref> Kufikia 2025, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Cheriton kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 19.8 wakati Maclean's inakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 18.64. Ametoa michango kwa elimu, kwa mchango wa dola milioni 25 kusaidia masomo ya uzamili na utafiti katika Shule ya Sayansi ya Kompyuta (baadaye iliyopewa jina la David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Waterloo, mchango wa dola milioni 7.5 kwa Chuo Kikuu cha British Columbia, na mchango wa dola milioni 12 mwaka 2016 kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Stanford kusaidia kitivo cha Sayansi ya Kompyuta, ufadhili wa uzamili, na udhamini wa shahada ya kwanza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=David Cheriton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/david-cheriton|website=Forbes|access-date=2024-12-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220083228/http://www.forbes.com/profile/david-cheriton/|archive-date=2016-02-20}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ritll7hbtja5vvit0q68hi1hzickcwg 0 248472 1594486 2026-09-04T19:37:41Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ikram Rabbani''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Alisimamia mchezo mmoja wa Majaribio kati ya Pakistan na Sri Lanka mwaka 1991, pamoja na [[michezo]] sita ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1984 na 1995.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/40734.html "Ikram Rabbani".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 7 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]]' 1594486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikram Rabbani''' alikuwa mwamuzi wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistan]]. Alisimamia mchezo mmoja wa Majaribio kati ya Pakistan na Sri Lanka mwaka 1991, pamoja na [[michezo]] sita ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1984 na 1995.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/40734.html "Ikram Rabbani".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 7 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] oinb6gfa0fk2b7rocnlrpcfi8o1s2lt 0 248473 1594487 2026-09-04T19:39:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''André Chagnon''' ( [[17 Machi]] [[1928]] – [[8 Oktoba]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani wa [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana kwa kuwa mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya mawasiliano Vidéotron. == Maisha ya Awali == Chagnon alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha Ahuntsic cha [[Montreal]] mnamo 17 Machi 1928. Baba yake alifanya kazi kama fundi umeme na mjasiriamali. Chagnon alilelewa karibu na Gouin Boulevard wakati wa Mdororo Mkuu wa Uchumi, na alisimulia jins...' 1594487 wikitext text/x-wiki '''André Chagnon''' ( [[17 Machi]] [[1928]] – [[8 Oktoba]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani wa [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana kwa kuwa mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya mawasiliano Vidéotron. == Maisha ya Awali == Chagnon alizaliwa katika kitongoji cha Ahuntsic cha [[Montreal]] mnamo 17 Machi 1928. Baba yake alifanya kazi kama fundi umeme na mjasiriamali. Chagnon alilelewa karibu na Gouin Boulevard wakati wa Mdororo Mkuu wa Uchumi, na alisimulia jinsi familia yake ilivyonusurika kwa "mkate mwingi na molasi." Alihudhuria École technique de Montréal kuanzia 1945 hadi 1949.<ref name=Dubuc1>{{cite news|title=Décès de l'entrepreneur et philanthrope André Chagnon|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/affaires/2022-10-08/deces-de-l-entrepreneur-et-philanthrope-andre-chagnon.php|date=October 8, 2022|accessdate=October 9, 2022|first=André|last=Dubuc|newspaper=La Presse|location=Montreal|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="NP bio">{{cite news|title=Canada's Corporate Elite 1999|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/329635967|page=88|date=November 1, 1999|access-date=October 9, 2022|newspaper=National Post|location=Toronto|id={{ProQuest|329635967}}}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] i1rv7ev8kvd1nrkxnitcfjyxk9unmha 0 248474 1594488 2026-09-04T19:42:09Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Neeyamur Rashid Rahul''', anayejulikana pia kama Niamur Rashid (kwa Kibengali: নিয়ামুর রশিদ রাহুল; alizaliwa tarehe 1 Januari 1975), ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Bangladesh aliyeshiriki katika michezo miwili ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1999. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza kriketi, alianza kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi. == Maisha ya uchezaji == Mwaka 1999, Rashid alianza kucheza Kimataifa ya Siku Moja dhidi ya Zi...' 1594488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neeyamur Rashid Rahul''', anayejulikana pia kama Niamur Rashid (kwa Kibengali: নিয়ামুর রশিদ রাহুল; alizaliwa tarehe 1 Januari 1975), ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Bangladesh aliyeshiriki katika michezo miwili ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja mwaka 1999. Baada ya kustaafu kucheza kriketi, alianza kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi. == Maisha ya uchezaji == Mwaka 1999, Rashid alianza kucheza Kimataifa ya Siku Moja dhidi ya Zimbabwe.<ref> [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/meril-international-cricket-tournament-1998-99-61043/bangladesh-vs-zimbabwe-6th-match-66223/full-scorecard "Bangladesh vs Zimbabwe 6th Match 1998/99".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 February 2021.</ref> Pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Bangladesh kilichopata ushindi maarufu dhidi ya Pakistan katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la 1999. Mchezo huo ulikuwa wa mwisho kwake katika [[kriketi]] ya kimataifa. == Kazi ya mwamuzi wa mechi == Baada ya kustaafu kucheza kriketi, Rashid alianza kazi ya kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi. Alisimamia kwa mara ya kwanza kama mwamuzi wa mechi katika Mashindano ya Nchi Tatu ya Nepal ya 2020, ambapo alisimamia michezo yote sita ya mashindano hayo. Kutokana na janga la UVIKO-19, Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi liliondoa kwa muda uamuzi wa kutumia waamuzi wa [[mechi]] kutoka nchi zisizohusika na mchezo, na kuruhusu maafisa wa ndani kusimamia michezo ya kimataifa. Baadaye, Rashid aliteuliwa kuwa mwamuzi wa mechi kwa michezo yote iliyochezwa kati ya Bangladesh na West Indies katika msimu wa 2020–21. Kwa kufanya hivyo, akawa mwamuzi wa kwanza wa mechi kutoka Bangladesh kusimamia michezo ya Majaribio. Mwezi Januari 2023, Rashid aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa mechi katika Kombe la Dunia la Twenty20 la Kriketi la Wanawake chini ya Miaka 19 la 2023.<ref>[https://theprint.in/sport/icc-announces-highest-number-of-female-match-officials-for-u19-womens-t20-world-cup-2023/1299181/ "ICC announces highest number of female match officials for U19 Women's T20 World Cup 2023".] ThePrint. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] an6fqgjpfqcvsuro50gf161sftckebx 0 248475 1594489 2026-09-04T19:45:07Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ian Ramage''' (alizaliwa tarehe 5 Novemba 1958) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Scotland.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/300451.html "Ian Ramage".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 15 June 2017.</ref> Alisimamia [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja tarehe 24 Agosti 2008, kati ya Ireland na Kenya mjini Belfast. Mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kama mwamuzi ulikuwa tarehe 24 Julai 2012, kati ya Bangladesh na Scotland...' 1594489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ian Ramage''' (alizaliwa tarehe 5 Novemba 1958) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Scotland.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/300451.html "Ian Ramage".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 15 June 2017.</ref> Alisimamia [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja tarehe 24 Agosti 2008, kati ya Ireland na Kenya mjini Belfast. Mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kama mwamuzi ulikuwa tarehe 24 Julai 2012, kati ya Bangladesh na Scotland mjini The Hague.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/567204.html "Bangladesh tour of Ireland and Netherlands, Only T20I: Bangladesh v Scotland at The Hague, Jul 24, 2012".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 15 June 2017.</ref> Alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi 17 wa uwanjani katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya Miaka 19 la 2018. Mwezi Machi 2019, Ramage alitangaza kustaafu majukumu ya kimataifa, lakini aliendelea kufanya kazi na Baraza la Kriketi la Uingerezana Wales. Ramage alishiriki katika matoleo manne ya [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Vijana chini ya Miaka 19 na ndiye mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Scotland mwenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika historia. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] s5glnsvcipsds2curkn617pyj7gg5in 0 248476 1594490 2026-09-04T19:48:03Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Prageeth Rambukwella''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Januari 1976) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi. Rambukwella alicheza [[michezo]] saba ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza na michezo tisa ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1995 na 2002.<ref>"[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/50301.html Prageeth Rambukwella".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</ref> Ni mwanachama wa Jopo la Kimataifa la Waamuzi la Bar...' 1594490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Prageeth Rambukwella''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Januari 1976) ni mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Sri Lanka na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi. Rambukwella alicheza [[michezo]] saba ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza na michezo tisa ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1995 na 2002.<ref>"[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/50301.html Prageeth Rambukwella".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</ref> Ni mwanachama wa Jopo la Kimataifa la Waamuzi la Baraza la Kimataifa la Kriketi. Mwezi Juni 2015, alisimamia mchezo wa ziara kati ya Sri Lanka na [[Pakistan]]. Tarehe 1 Septemba 2019, alisimamia mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kati ya Sri Lanka na New Zealand. Tarehe 21 Januari 2022, alisimamia mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja kati ya Sri Lanka na [[Zimbabwe]]. Prageeth Rambukwella alisoma katika Chuo cha Nalanda, Colombo.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1294971.html "3rd ODI (D/N), Pallekele, Jan 21 2022, Zimbabwe tour of Sri Lanka".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2022.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] tmipj9dmbjr8055pkjqcnzrm5raixir 0 248477 1594491 2026-09-04T19:51:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tariq Rasheed''' (alizaliwa tarehe 10 Machi 1978) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Pakistan]].<ref>"[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/43482.html Tariq Rasheed".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2017.</ref> Alicheza michezo 20 ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza na michezo 22 ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1996 na 2004. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi. Tarehe 26 Septemba 2017, alisimamia mchezo kati ya...' 1594491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariq Rasheed''' (alizaliwa tarehe 10 Machi 1978) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Pakistan]].<ref>"[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/43482.html Tariq Rasheed".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2017.</ref> Alicheza michezo 20 ya kriketi ya daraja la kwanza na michezo 22 ya Kriketi ya Orodha A kati ya mwaka 1996 na 2004. Kwa sasa ni mwamuzi wa kriketi. Tarehe 26 Septemba 2017, alisimamia mchezo kati ya Maeneo ya Kikabila Yanayosimamiwa na [[Serikali]] ya Shirikisho na Benki ya Habib katika Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam la msimu wa 2017–18.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1121642.html "Pool B, Quaid-e-Azam Trophy at Sialkot, Sep 26-29 2017".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 September 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] figk7d90ce3s70ln3r3e46b920saitv 0 248478 1594492 2026-09-04T19:55:49Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Reid''' (13 Aprili 1874 – 14 Januari 1948) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Afrika Kusini. <ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/43/43839/43839.html "John Reid".] CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</ref>Alisimamia [[mchezo]] mmoja wa Majaribio, kati ya Afrika Kusini na Uingereza, mwaka 1923.<ref>"J. Reid". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1874]] Jamii...' 1594492 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Reid''' (13 Aprili 1874 – 14 Januari 1948) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Afrika Kusini. <ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/43/43839/43839.html "John Reid".] CricketArchive. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</ref>Alisimamia [[mchezo]] mmoja wa Majaribio, kati ya Afrika Kusini na Uingereza, mwaka 1923.<ref>"J. Reid". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1874]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1948]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 17o06dfaka2i6ymsyifc9g31gnsa8bc 0 248479 1594493 2026-09-04T20:09:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paul Reynolds''' (23 Mei 1973 – 17 Oktoba 2023) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[Kristin Fairlie|kriketi]] kutoka Uingereza aliyekuwa akiiwakilisha Ireland. Mnamo Novemba 2016, alitajwa kuwa Mwafisa Bora wa Mwaka katika Tuzo za Cricket Ireland. Mnamo Juni 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa katika Jopo la Kimataifa la Waamuzi na Wasuluhishi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180822213810/https://news.cricketleinster.ie/news/paul-reynolds-promoted-to-icc-international-umpires-...' 1594493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Reynolds''' (23 Mei 1973 – 17 Oktoba 2023) alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[Kristin Fairlie|kriketi]] kutoka Uingereza aliyekuwa akiiwakilisha Ireland. Mnamo Novemba 2016, alitajwa kuwa Mwafisa Bora wa Mwaka katika Tuzo za Cricket Ireland. Mnamo Juni 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa katika Jopo la Kimataifa la Waamuzi na Wasuluhishi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180822213810/https://news.cricketleinster.ie/news/paul-reynolds-promoted-to-icc-international-umpires-panel "Paul Reynolds promoted to ICC International Umpires Panel".] Cricket Leinster. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</ref> Reynolds alisimamia mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 (T20I) kati ya Ireland na [[Afghanistan]] tarehe 22 Agosti 2018. Mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) kama mwamuzi pia ulikuwa kati ya Ireland na Afghanistan, tarehe 29 Agosti 2018. Mnamo Aprili 2019, alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wanne waliopewa mkataba wa msimu wa muda wote na Cricket Ireland. Hii ilikuwa mara ya kwanza kwa Cricket Ireland kutoa mikataba ya aina hiyo kwa waamuzi. == Kifo == Reynolds alifariki tarehe 17 Oktoba 2023 akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 50, baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu.<ref>Johns, Nathan (18 October 2023). [https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/2023/10/18/irish-international-cricket-umpire-paul-reynolds-dies-after-long-illness/ "Irish international cricket umpire Paul Reynolds dies after long illness".] The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 February 2025.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] rj3ipaxm5a761o690zqjnf3m59ew6kb 0 248480 1594494 2026-09-04T20:13:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rashid Riaz''' (alizaliwa 27 Februari 1976) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistan]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi ya daraja la kwanza. Amewahi kusimamia michezo katika Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam la 2015–16. Akiwa mwamuzi, mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 (T20I) ulikuwa kati ya Pakistan na Australia tarehe 28 Oktoba 2018. Mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) ulikuwa pia kati ya Pakistan na Australia, tarehe 29 Machi 2019...' 1594494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rashid Riaz''' (alizaliwa 27 Februari 1976) ni mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka [[Pakistan]] na mchezaji wa zamani wa kriketi ya daraja la kwanza. Amewahi kusimamia michezo katika Kombe la Quaid-e-Azam la 2015–16. Akiwa mwamuzi, mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Twenty20 (T20I) ulikuwa kati ya Pakistan na Australia tarehe 28 Oktoba 2018. Mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa ya Siku Moja (ODI) ulikuwa pia kati ya Pakistan na Australia, tarehe 29 Machi 2019.<ref>[https://www.pcb.com.pk/press-release-detail/umpires-asif-yaqoob-and-rashid-riaz-delighted-at-debuts-as-pcb-look-to-mature-match-officials.html "Umpires Asif Yaqoob and Rashid Riaz delighted at debuts as PCB look to mature match officials"]. Pakistan Cricket Board. Retrieved 29 March 2019.</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2019, aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa waamuzi 12 katika mashindano ya kufuzu [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Twenty20 la ICC 2019 yaliyofanyika Umoja wa Falme za Kiarabu. Mnamo Januari 2020, alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa waamuzi 16 katika Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Chini ya Miaka 19 la 2020 lililofanyika Afrika Kusini. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waamuzi wa uwanjani katika Kombe la [[Dunia]] la Kriketi la Chini ya Miaka 19 la ICC 2022 lililofanyika West Indies.<ref>[https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2443408 "Match officials named for ICC U19 Men's Cricket World Cup".] International Cricket Council. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] oojfvdwohdnq2lcy0v16vb42kd6awnu 0 248481 1594495 2026-09-04T20:17:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ian David Robinson''' (11 Machi 1947 – 3 Aprili 2016) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Zimbabwe aliyesimamia michezo 28 ya Majaribio na [[michezo]] 90 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe/content/player/55724.html "Ian Robinson".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</ref> Robinson alianza kazi yake ya uamuzi mwaka 1975, akapandishwa hadi kiwango cha [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza mwaka 1978 na kubaki katika kiwango...' 1594495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ian David Robinson''' (11 Machi 1947 – 3 Aprili 2016) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Zimbabwe aliyesimamia michezo 28 ya Majaribio na [[michezo]] 90 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe/content/player/55724.html "Ian Robinson".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</ref> Robinson alianza kazi yake ya uamuzi mwaka 1975, akapandishwa hadi kiwango cha [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza mwaka 1978 na kubaki katika kiwango hicho kwa misimu 31. Alianza uamuzi wa kimataifa katika mchezo wa kwanza wa Majaribio wa Zimbabwe, dhidi ya India katika Uwanja wa Michezo wa Harare mwaka 1992. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Jopo la Kimataifa la Waamuzi la ICC na alisimamia michezo katika Kombe la [[Dunia]] mara tatu. Mnamo 2008, alitangaza kustaafu uamuzi wa kiwango cha juu ili kuchukua nafasi ya Msimamizi wa Utendaji wa [[Waamuzi]] wa Kikanda wa ICC kwa eneo la Afrika. Tarehe 3 Aprili 2016, Robinson alifariki kutokana na saratani ya mapafu akiwa na umri wa miaka 69 huko Harare.<ref>[http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2016/media-releases/94622/icc-statement-on-the-passing-of-former-zimbawe-umpire-ian-robinson ICC statement on the passing of former Zimbabwe Umpire Ian Robinson] Archived 6 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 2ppnnx3ecsdqd48xyaebf0u2w6uf8bz 1594496 1594495 2026-09-04T20:18:26Z Don Malya 61486 1594496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ian David Robinson''' (11 Machi 1947 – 3 Aprili 2016) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Zimbabwe aliyesimamia michezo 28 ya Majaribio na [[michezo]] 90 ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe/content/player/55724.html "Ian Robinson".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</ref> Robinson alianza kazi yake ya uamuzi mwaka 1975, akapandishwa hadi kiwango cha [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza mwaka 1978 na kubaki katika kiwango hicho kwa misimu 31. Alianza uamuzi wa kimataifa katika mchezo wa kwanza wa Majaribio wa Zimbabwe, dhidi ya India katika Uwanja wa Michezo wa Harare mwaka 1992. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Jopo la Kimataifa la Waamuzi la ICC na alisimamia michezo katika Kombe la [[Dunia]] mara tatu. Mnamo 2008, alitangaza kustaafu uamuzi wa kiwango cha juu ili kuchukua nafasi ya Msimamizi wa [[Utendaji]] wa [[Waamuzi]] wa Kikanda wa ICC kwa eneo la Afrika. Tarehe 3 Aprili 2016, Robinson alifariki kutokana na saratani ya mapafu akiwa na umri wa miaka 69 huko Harare.<ref>[http://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2016/media-releases/94622/icc-statement-on-the-passing-of-former-zimbawe-umpire-ian-robinson ICC statement on the passing of former Zimbabwe Umpire Ian Robinson] Archived 6 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] 42ncb3q634fgprdai5mjvxecorevrum 0 248482 1594497 2026-09-04T20:20:30Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Walter Routledge''' (28 Aprili 1907 – 1 Agosti 1963) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alisimamia michezo miwili ya Majaribio kati ya mwaka 1935 na 1936.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/47151.html "W. J. Routledge".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1963]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]]' 1594497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Walter Routledge''' (28 Aprili 1907 – 1 Agosti 1963) alikuwa mwamuzi wa kriketi kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alisimamia michezo miwili ya Majaribio kati ya mwaka 1935 na 1936.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/47151.html "W. J. Routledge".] ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 July 2013.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1963]] [[Jamii:Waamuzi]] pniq5ug0exoyf6a34iu1sllwwduhqa3 0 248483 1594516 2026-09-05T03:41:10Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Garrett Camp''' (alizaliwa [[4 Oktoba]] [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji, na mhandisi wa programu nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Ufaransa]]. Alisaidia kujenga injini ya utafutaji StumbleUpon na ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Uber. Anaishi [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231080942/https://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-strategy/stumbling-upon-success/ |archivedate=2012-12-31 |url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/...' 1594516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garrett Camp''' (alizaliwa [[4 Oktoba]] [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji, na mhandisi wa programu nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Ufaransa]]. Alisaidia kujenga injini ya utafutaji StumbleUpon na ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Uber. Anaishi [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231080942/https://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-strategy/stumbling-upon-success/ |archivedate=2012-12-31 |url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-strategy/stumbling-upon-success/ |title=Stumbling upon success |last=McCullough |first=Michael |date=21 September 2011 |website=[[Canadian Business]] |access-date=19 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Camp|first=Garrett|title=The Start-Up Advantage |work= The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/jobs/23boss.html|date=2011-10-22}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg profile">{{cite web |title=Bloomberg profile: Garrett Camp |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/garrett-camp/ |website=Bloomberg LP |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Camp alizaliwa na kukulia [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Kanada. Baba yake alikuwa mwanauchumi, na mama yake msanii; wote wawili baadaye wakawa wajenzi wa nyumba. Mwaka 2001 alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Calgary na shahada ya kwanza katika uhandisi wa umeme. Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uhandisi wa programu kwa msisitizo katika mifumo shirikishi, algorithms za mabadiliko, na urejeshaji wa habari.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.narcity.com/life/17-facts-you-didnt-know-about-uber-co-founders-dollar68-billion-fortune|title=17 Facts You Didn't Know About Uber Co-Founder's $68 Billion Fortune|last=Plana|first=Vincent|website=www.narcity.com|date=11 January 2018 |language=en-ca|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l2099zdzi3wc8ujel75ndi6rs8u5hr9 1594530 1594516 2026-09-05T04:56:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garrett Camp''' (alizaliwa [[4 Oktoba]] [[1978]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji, na mhandisi wa programu nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Ufaransa]]. Alisaidia kujenga injini ya utafutaji StumbleUpon na ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Uber. Anaishi [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231080942/https://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-strategy/stumbling-upon-success/ |archivedate=2012-12-31 |url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-strategy/stumbling-upon-success/ |title=Stumbling upon success |last=McCullough |first=Michael |date=21 September 2011 |website=[[Canadian Business]] |access-date=19 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Camp|first=Garrett|title=The Start-Up Advantage |work= The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/jobs/23boss.html|date=2011-10-22}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg profile">{{cite web |title=Bloomberg profile: Garrett Camp |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/garrett-camp/ |website=Bloomberg LP |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Camp alizaliwa na kukulia [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], Kanada. Baba yake alikuwa mwanauchumi, na mama yake msanii; wote wawili baadaye wakawa wajenzi wa nyumba. Mwaka 2001 alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Calgary na shahada ya kwanza katika uhandisi wa umeme. Baadaye alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uhandisi wa programu kwa msisitizo katika mifumo shirikishi, algorithms za mabadiliko, na urejeshaji wa habari.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.narcity.com/life/17-facts-you-didnt-know-about-uber-co-founders-dollar68-billion-fortune|title=17 Facts You Didn't Know About Uber Co-Founder's $68 Billion Fortune|last=Plana|first=Vincent|website=www.narcity.com|date=11 January 2018 |language=en-ca|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6rw290va7ncu72hhbc2g74d5vgfyldi 0 248484 1594518 2026-09-05T03:50:28Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anthony Di Iorio''' ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Kanada]] anayejulikana hasa kama mwanzilishi mwenza wa ''Ethereum'' na mwekezaji wa mapema katika [[Bitcoin]]. Di Iorio ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya blockchain Decentral, na pochi inayohusishwa ya Jaxx. Pia alikuwa afisa wa kwanza mkuu wa dijitali wa Soko la Hisa la Toronto. Mnamo Februari 2018, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola milioni 750–dola bilioni 1.<ref>{{Cite we...' 1594518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Di Iorio''' ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Kanada]] anayejulikana hasa kama mwanzilishi mwenza wa ''Ethereum'' na mwekezaji wa mapema katika [[Bitcoin]]. Di Iorio ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya blockchain Decentral, na pochi inayohusishwa ya Jaxx. Pia alikuwa afisa wa kwanza mkuu wa dijitali wa Soko la Hisa la Toronto. Mnamo Februari 2018, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola milioni 750–dola bilioni 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-21/ethereum-billionaire-looks-to-china-for-next-big-crypto-winners|title=Ethereum Billionaire Looks to China for Next Big Crypto Winners|last=Wong|first=Natalie|date=June 21, 2018|website=Bloomberg|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/how-blockchain-technology-could-revolutionize-the-markets/article33759910/|title=How blockchain technology could revolutionize the markets|last=Daly|first=John|date=2017-02-01|work=Globe and Mail|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-cryptocurrency-tycoon-buys-28-million-penthouse-in-former-trump/|title=Cryptocurrency tycoon buys $28-million penthouse in former Trump Toronto hotel|last1=Younglai|first1=Rachelle|date=June 20, 2018|work=Globe and Mail|access-date=2019-04-28|last2=Chambers|first2=Stephanie}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Anthony Di Iorio alizaliwa kaskazini mwa [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Kanada, mtoto wa mwisho kati ya watatu. Alihitimu na shahada kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ryerson (kufikia 2022, kinachojulikana kama Chuo Kikuu cha Metropolitan cha Toronto). Di Iorio alitengeneza tovuti kadhaa katikati ya miaka ya 1990. Baadaye aliingia katika uwanja wa mali zisizohamishika, akiwekeza katika upangishaji wa makazi na kuwa mwenye nyumba huko Toronto.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/rob-magazine/article-livin-large-with-canadas-crypto-king/|title=Livin' large with Canada's crypto king|last=Pachner|first=Joanna|date=November 27, 2018|work=Globe and Mail|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref><ref name="BusFin">{{Cite news|title=Meet the banker, venture capitalist and eight others changing the way we think and work|url=https://financialpost.com/features/fp-magazine-the-game-changers|access-date=2026-06-29|website=Financial Post|date=5 April 2017|language=en-CA}}</ref> Mwaka 2012, aliuza mali zake za kukodisha ili kuwekeza katika Bitcoin, na akaanza kuunda makampuni katika uwanja wa sarafu ya kidijitali.<ref name="FinPost">{{Cite news|title=Vitalik Buterin: The cryptocurrency prophet|url=https://financialpost.com/feature/the-cryptocurrency-prophet|access-date=2026-06-29|website=Financial Post|date=27 June 2017|language=en-CA|last1=Brownell|first1=Claire}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ecvn6tfbxq3cq9w712vi2hxzxik5f5l 0 248485 1594519 2026-09-05T03:54:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paul Guy Desmarais Sr.''' ( [[4 Januari]] [[1927]] – [[8 Oktoba]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mfadhili wa fedha na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]], mwenye makao yake [[Montreal]]. Akiwa na utajiri wa familia unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.5 (kufikia Machi 2012), Desmarais aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa nne tajiri zaidi nchini Kanada, na wa 235 duniani mwaka 2013<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/|...' 1594519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Guy Desmarais Sr.''' ( [[4 Januari]] [[1927]] – [[8 Oktoba]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mfadhili wa fedha na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]], mwenye makao yake [[Montreal]]. Akiwa na utajiri wa familia unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.5 (kufikia Machi 2012), Desmarais aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa nne tajiri zaidi nchini Kanada, na wa 235 duniani mwaka 2013<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/|title=The World's Billionaires List|date=March 2013|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=2013-10-09}}</ref>. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Power Corporation of Canada hadi 1996, alipopitisha nguvu za usimamizi wa Power Corporation kwa wanawe, Paul Jr. na André. Aliendelea kuwa mkurugenzi na mwenyekiti wa kamati ya utendaji ya bodi, na alibaki kuwa mwenyehisa mkuu. Power Corporation of Canada ni kampuni ya kimataifa ya usimamizi na kushikilia yenye mseto na maslahi katika makampuni katika huduma za kifedha, usimamizi wa mali, nishati endelevu , na sekta nyingine za biashara. Desmarais aliheshimiwa sana kwa kiwango chake cha uadilifu na kujitolea kwake kwa Kanada iliyoungana na iliyostawi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-09 |title=Paul Desmarais Sr, Canadian billionaire |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a4e07c8-3117-11e3-b478-00144feab7de |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0a4e07c8-3117-11e3-b478-00144feab7de |archive-date=2022-12-10 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/dignitaries-expected-to-attend-tribute-in-montreal-for-paul-desmarais/ |title = Politicians past and present pay tribute to the late Paul Desmarais - Canadian Business | work=Canadian Business - Your Source For Business News | date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] q3m0qab98wrsqg0qm5xkoww8i4wong4 1594557 1594519 2026-09-05T09:06:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Guy Desmarais Sr.''' ( [[4 Januari]] [[1927]] – [[8 Oktoba]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mfadhili wa fedha na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]], mwenye makao yake [[Montreal]]. Akiwa na utajiri wa familia unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.5 (kufikia Machi 2012), Desmarais aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa nne tajiri zaidi nchini Kanada, na wa 235 duniani mwaka 2013<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/billionaires/list/|title=The World's Billionaires List|date=March 2013|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=2013-10-09}}</ref>. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Power Corporation of Canada hadi 1996, alipopitisha nguvu za usimamizi wa Power Corporation kwa wanawe, Paul Jr. na André. Aliendelea kuwa mkurugenzi na mwenyekiti wa kamati ya utendaji ya bodi, na alibaki kuwa mwenyehisa mkuu. Power Corporation of Canada ni kampuni ya kimataifa ya usimamizi na kushikilia yenye mseto na maslahi katika makampuni katika huduma za kifedha, usimamizi wa mali, nishati endelevu , na sekta nyingine za biashara. Desmarais aliheshimiwa sana kwa kiwango chake cha uadilifu na kujitolea kwake kwa Kanada iliyoungana na iliyostawi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2013-10-09 |title=Paul Desmarais Sr, Canadian billionaire |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a4e07c8-3117-11e3-b478-00144feab7de |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0a4e07c8-3117-11e3-b478-00144feab7de |archive-date=2022-12-10 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti | url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/dignitaries-expected-to-attend-tribute-in-montreal-for-paul-desmarais/ |title = Politicians past and present pay tribute to the late Paul Desmarais - Canadian Business | work=Canadian Business - Your Source For Business News | date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] 3i4iejxkwt2uqa8wk96x50sa4q8ip6y 0 248486 1594521 2026-09-05T03:57:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacqueline Desmarais''' ( [[20 Septemba]] [[1928]] – [[3 Machi]] [[2018]]) alikuwa mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], na msaidizi wa muda mrefu wa muziki na opera. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa Jacqueline Maranger huko Sudbury, [[Ontario]], kwa Ernest Marenger na Albertine Thanase, mnamo 20 Septemba 1928.<ref name="genealogy">{{cite web|url=http://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/GenealogieQuebec.aspx?pid=345457&lng=en|title=Birth of Jacqueline Maren...' 1594521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacqueline Desmarais''' ( [[20 Septemba]] [[1928]] – [[3 Machi]] [[2018]]) alikuwa mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], na msaidizi wa muda mrefu wa muziki na opera. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa Jacqueline Maranger huko Sudbury, [[Ontario]], kwa Ernest Marenger na Albertine Thanase, mnamo 20 Septemba 1928.<ref name="genealogy">{{cite web|url=http://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/GenealogieQuebec.aspx?pid=345457&lng=en|title=Birth of Jacqueline Marenger|website=NosOrigines|accessdate=March 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="cbc.ca">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/jacqueline-desmarais-dead-89-montreal-arts-1.4561017|title=Quebec philanthropist Jacqueline Desmarais dead at 89|website=cbc.ca|accessdate=March 4, 2018}}</ref> == Kazi == Kulingana na [[Forbes]], Desmarais alikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 4.2 mnamo Januari 2015.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Jacqueline Desmarais|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fkem45edj/jacqueline-desmarais|website=Forbes|accessdate=January 17, 2014}}</ref> Alikuwa msaidizi wa muda mrefu wa muziki na [[opera]] nchini Kanada, na mkuu wa shirika la Montreal Symphony Orchestra kuanzia 1989 hadi 1999. Mwaka 1997, alianzisha taasisi kwa jina lake kusaidia waimbaji vijana wa opera. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] 3vj8u8qceu0u1dzi4h1b0zwlhz429aj 0 248487 1594522 2026-09-05T04:02:59Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leslie Lewis Dan''' (alizaliwa [[26 Novemba]] [[1927]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mfamasia nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Hungaria]]. Mwanzilishi wa ''Novopharm'', kampuni ya dawa ya asili iliyofanikiwa ambayo baadaye aliiuza kwa ''Teva Pharmaceuticals''. Mhisani mashuhuri, Dan ametunukiwa tuzo za Agizo la heshima la Kanada na tuzo za Agizo la Ontario kwa juhudi zake za hisani. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa [[Budapest]], Dan alihamia Kanada mwaka 1947. Akiwa...' 1594522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leslie Lewis Dan''' (alizaliwa [[26 Novemba]] [[1927]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mfamasia nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Hungaria]]. Mwanzilishi wa ''Novopharm'', kampuni ya dawa ya asili iliyofanikiwa ambayo baadaye aliiuza kwa ''Teva Pharmaceuticals''. Mhisani mashuhuri, Dan ametunukiwa tuzo za Agizo la heshima la Kanada na tuzo za Agizo la Ontario kwa juhudi zake za hisani. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa [[Budapest]], Dan alihamia Kanada mwaka 1947. Akiwa kijana Myahudi, alinusurika mauaji ya [[Holocaust]] kwa kutumia hati za utambulisho za uongo. Alihamia Kanada mwaka [[1947]] na alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto Shule ya Famasia mwaka 1954 akipata Shahada ya Sayansi. Alimaliza shahada yake ya Uzamili ya Biashara mwaka 1959. Mwaka 1960, alianzisha kampuni ambayo ilisambaza dawa za kaunta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leslie L. Dan, C.M., O.ONT.|url=https://pier21.ca/node/221/decouvrez-canada-jour-1-au-edmonton-legislative-assembly-office|access-date=2021-04-11|website=pier21.ca|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411020228/https://pier21.ca/node/221/decouvrez-canada-jour-1-au-edmonton-legislative-assembly-office|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j9te8l0dbz5o10ajmq0qojhc5ikamgm 1594542 1594522 2026-09-05T06:50:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594542 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leslie Lewis Dan''' (alizaliwa [[26 Novemba]] [[1927]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mfamasia nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Hungaria]]. Mwanzilishi wa ''Novopharm'', kampuni ya dawa ya asili iliyofanikiwa ambayo baadaye aliiuza kwa ''Teva Pharmaceuticals''. Mhisani mashuhuri, Dan ametunukiwa tuzo za Agizo la heshima la Kanada na tuzo za Agizo la Ontario kwa juhudi zake za hisani. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa [[Budapest]], Dan alihamia Kanada mwaka 1947. Akiwa kijana Myahudi, alinusurika mauaji ya [[Holocaust]] kwa kutumia hati za utambulisho za uongo. Alihamia Kanada mwaka [[1947]] na alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto Shule ya Famasia mwaka 1954 akipata Shahada ya Sayansi. Alimaliza shahada yake ya Uzamili ya Biashara mwaka 1959. Mwaka 1960, alianzisha kampuni ambayo ilisambaza dawa za kaunta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Leslie L. Dan, C.M., O.ONT.|url=https://pier21.ca/node/221/decouvrez-canada-jour-1-au-edmonton-legislative-assembly-office|access-date=2021-04-11|website=pier21.ca|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411020228/https://pier21.ca/node/221/decouvrez-canada-jour-1-au-edmonton-legislative-assembly-office|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j20om50nwgelbd1976nti5u54kolz0p 0 248488 1594523 2026-09-05T04:08:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacques D'Amours''' (alizaliwa [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], na mkurugenzi na mwanzilishi mwenza wa mnyororo wa maduka ya Couche-Tard. == Kazi == D'Amours alianzisha Couche-Tard mwaka [[1980]], akiwa mdogo kati ya waanzilishi wanne. Wakati akiwa na miaka 34 alishikilia nyadhifa kadhaa katika kampuni, ikiwa ni pamoja na meneja wa huduma za kiufundi, naibu rais wa mauzo, na naibu rais wa utawala na uendeshaji.<ref name="...' 1594523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques D'Amours''' (alizaliwa [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]], na mkurugenzi na mwanzilishi mwenza wa mnyororo wa maduka ya Couche-Tard. == Kazi == D'Amours alianzisha Couche-Tard mwaka [[1980]], akiwa mdogo kati ya waanzilishi wanne. Wakati akiwa na miaka 34 alishikilia nyadhifa kadhaa katika kampuni, ikiwa ni pamoja na meneja wa huduma za kiufundi, naibu rais wa mauzo, na naibu rais wa utawala na uendeshaji.<ref name="canadianbusiness.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.canadianbusiness.com/lists-and-rankings/richest-people/rich-100-jacques-damours/|title=Canada's Richest People: Jacques D'Amours|author=|date=|website=www.canadianbusiness.com|accessdate=25 April 2019|archive-date=25 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425002135/https://www.canadianbusiness.com/lists-and-rankings/richest-people/rich-100-jacques-damours/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Macleans>{{cite web|url=https://macleans.ca/society/canadas-richest-people/|title=Canada's Richest People | first1=Alyanna Denise |last1=Chau | first2=Alex|last2=Cyr | first3=Emily|last3=Latimer | first4=Anthony|last4=Milton|work=Maclean's|date=November 7, 2024|access-date=December 9, 2024}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 1, 2021, Couche-Tard ilitangaza maelezo ya uchaguzi wa wakurugenzi na Jacques D'Amours alikuwa mteule<ref>{{cite web |title=Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. Announces Election of Directors |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2021-09-01/alimentation-couche-tard-inc-announces-election-of-directors |website=Bloomberg.com |language=en |date=1 September 2021}}</ref>. Mwaka 2023, alistaafu kutoka bodi. Kufikia 2024, anabaki kuwa mwenyehisa wa pili kwa ukubwa akiwa na asilimia 6.3 ya kampuni. D'Amours amekuwa bilionea tangu 2005. Kufikia Desemba 2024, [[Forbes]] inakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 3.7. Maclean's anamweka kama Mkanada wa 33 tajiri zaidi.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Jacques D'Amours |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jacques-damours/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=9 December 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bvbb7ittekrkz9g9wb5rn9gifdc1wly 0 248489 1594524 2026-09-05T04:16:55Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ian Henrik Lundin''' (alizaliwa [[1960]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Uswidi]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Lundin Petroleum. == Maisha Binafsi == Ian Lundin alizaliwa mwaka 1960, mtoto wa Adolf H. Lundin, mwanzilishi wa Lundin Mining na Lundin Petroleum. Yeye na mke wake Virginia wanaishi Coppet, karibu na [[Geneva]], [[Uswizi]], na wana mtoto wa kiume na wa kike.<ref name="lundin-petroleum1">{{cite web |url=https://www.l...' 1594524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ian Henrik Lundin''' (alizaliwa [[1960]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Uswidi]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Lundin Petroleum. == Maisha Binafsi == Ian Lundin alizaliwa mwaka 1960, mtoto wa Adolf H. Lundin, mwanzilishi wa Lundin Mining na Lundin Petroleum. Yeye na mke wake Virginia wanaishi Coppet, karibu na [[Geneva]], [[Uswizi]], na wana mtoto wa kiume na wa kike.<ref name="lundin-petroleum1">{{cite web |url=https://www.lundin-petroleum.com/eng/board_director_lhl.php |title=Lukas Lundin - Lundin Petroleum Board of directors |website=Lundin-petroleum.com |accessdate=18 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325232934/https://www.lundin-petroleum.com/eng/board_director_lhl.php |archivedate=25 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The brothers Lundin want to pour oil on the waves |url=http://cdn.ceo.ca.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/1atejm0-The+brothers+Lundin+want+to+pour+oil+on+the+waves+-+DN.pdf |accessdate=19 March 2017 |website=Cdn.ceo.ca.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com |format=PDF}}</ref> == Kazi == Lundin alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Lundin Petroleum hadi 2022. Pamoja na kaka yake mkubwa [[Lukas Lundin]], ana utajiri wa angalau dola za Marekani bilioni 2.5. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 28ppweoa2e2hpvk6aaq7ayonhrgle69 0 248490 1594525 2026-09-05T04:23:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andrew Lutfy''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti]] [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni rais na mmiliki wa Groupe Dynamite na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Carbonleo. == Kazi == Lutfy alianza kazi yake mwaka 1982, akiwa na umri wa miaka 18, kama karani katika duka la kwanza la Garage, lililoko mashariki mwa [[Montreal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew Lutfy - Hop! Le Sommet du commerce de détail 2025 |url=https://www.cqcd.org/panelistes/andre...' 1594525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Lutfy''' (alizaliwa [[Agosti]] [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni rais na mmiliki wa Groupe Dynamite na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Carbonleo. == Kazi == Lutfy alianza kazi yake mwaka 1982, akiwa na umri wa miaka 18, kama karani katika duka la kwanza la Garage, lililoko mashariki mwa [[Montreal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew Lutfy - Hop! Le Sommet du commerce de détail 2025 |url=https://www.cqcd.org/panelistes/andrew-lutfy/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Conseil québécois du commerce de détail |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Froment |date=2010-05-15 |title=Andrew Lutfy veut ouvrir des Garage partout dans le monde |url=https://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/5010979 |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=BAnQ |first=Dominique|publisher=Les affaires|language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 2002, Lutfy alikua rais na mmiliki pekee wa Groupe Dynamite, muuzaji wa nguo za wanawake aliye na uwepo nchini Kanada na [[Marekani]], anayoendesha chapa za Dynamite na Garage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Larocque |first=Sylvain |date=2024-11-12 |title=Royalmount et boutiques Garage: l’entrepreneur Andrew Lutfy deux fois milliardaire |url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2024/11/12/royalmount-et-boutiques-garage-lentrepreneur-andrew-lutfy-deux-fois-milliardaire |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Le Journal de Montréal|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dion |date=2024-12-09 |title=Billionaire Lutfy's Dynamite IPO was a matter of succession |url=https://financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/billionaire-lutfy-dynamite-ipo-succession |journal=[[Financial Post]] |language= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2025-12-23|first=Mathieu}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, Groupe Dynamite ilitangaza nia yake ya kuorodheshwa kwenye Soko la Hisa la Toronto, hatua ambayo inaweza kuthamini kampuni kwa takriban dola bilioni 2.3 na kumruhusu Andrew Lutfy kudumisha udhibiti wa kikundi licha ya uuzaji wa hisa ndogo. Kufikia Mei 2026, kampuni ilikuwa na thamani ya soko ya [[Dola ya Kanada|C$]] bilioni 10.53.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Groupe Dynamite Inc (GRGD) Stock Price & News - Google Finance |url=https://www.google.com/finance/beta/quote/GRGD:TSE |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> Mwaka 2025, Lutfy alimkosoa François Legault na sera za uhamiaji za serikali ya [[Quebec]], akisema kwamba zilikuwa zikizuia ukuaji wa Groupe Dynamite kwa kutatiza kuajiri wasimamizi wakuu wa kigeni na wataalamu.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-09-24 |title=L'homme d'affaires pourrait quitter le Québec {{!}} «C'est un gouvernement qui a peur de tout» -Andrew Lutfy |url=https://www.985fm.ca/audio/725770/c-est-un-gouvernement-qui-a-peur-de-tout-andrew-lutfy |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=98.5 Montréal |language=fr}}</ref> Lutfy pia anaendesha Carbonleo kampuni ya uhandisi nyuma ya miradi kadhaa mikubwa huko Montreal, ikiwa ni pamoja na Quartier DIX30, Royalmount na Four Seasons Montreal, ambayo inajumuisha hoteli ya kifahari na makazi ya kibinafsi. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ra5ombzzysrb6u3ynofw0jbw0e0ag15 0 248491 1594526 2026-09-05T04:28:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lukas Henrik Lundin''' ( [[3 Julai]] [[1958]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Uswidi]] na [[Kanada]], mwenye makao yake [[Geneva]], [[Uswizi]]. Alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Lundin Mining, Denison Mines, Lucara Diamond, NGEx Resources Inc, Lundin Gold Inc, Lundin Foundation, na Vostok Gas. Pia alikuwa mmiliki wa jahazi la kifahari lenye thamani ya dola milioni 100, Savannah. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lukas Lundin alizaliwa...' 1594526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lukas Henrik Lundin''' ( [[3 Julai]] [[1958]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Uswidi]] na [[Kanada]], mwenye makao yake [[Geneva]], [[Uswizi]]. Alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Lundin Mining, Denison Mines, Lucara Diamond, NGEx Resources Inc, Lundin Gold Inc, Lundin Foundation, na Vostok Gas. Pia alikuwa mmiliki wa jahazi la kifahari lenye thamani ya dola milioni 100, Savannah. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lukas Lundin alizaliwa mwaka 1958, mtoto wa Adolf H. Lundin, mwanzilishi wa Lundin Mining na Lundin Petroleum. Alihitimu kutoka Taasisi ya Madini na Teknolojia ya New Mexico mwaka 1981.<ref name="lundin-petroleum1">{{cite web|url=https://www.lundin-petroleum.com/eng/board_director_lhl.php |title=Lukas Lundin – Lundin Petroleum Board of directors |website=Lundin-petroleum.com |access-date=18 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325232934/https://www.lundin-petroleum.com/eng/board_director_lhl.php |archive-date=25 March 2016 }}</ref> == Kazi == Lundin alikuwa akisimamia shughuli za mafuta na gesi za International Petroleum Corporation mwaka 1982, mwenye makao yake [[Dubai]]. Kuanzia 1990 hadi 1995, alikuwa rais wa International Musto Exploration Limited, ambako alikuwa na jukumu la kupata amana ya Bajo de la Alumbrera, katika ununuzi wa dola milioni 500. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] f2k2k7313nhnydpeyf5ud9x7g6a9deh 0 248492 1594527 2026-09-05T04:34:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tobias Lütke''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye uraia wa [[Ujerumani]] na dereva wa mbio za magari ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Shopify, kampuni ya e-commerce yenye makao yake [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Kanada. Anashindana katika Mashindano ya IMSA SportsCar ya 2025 akiendesha katika LMP2 kwa Era Motorsport.<ref name="happyscribe">{{cite web |url=https://www.happyscribe.com/public/the-knowledge-...' 1594527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tobias Lütke''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye uraia wa [[Ujerumani]] na dereva wa mbio za magari ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Shopify, kampuni ya e-commerce yenye makao yake [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Kanada. Anashindana katika Mashindano ya IMSA SportsCar ya 2025 akiendesha katika LMP2 kwa Era Motorsport.<ref name="happyscribe">{{cite web |url=https://www.happyscribe.com/public/the-knowledge-project-with-shane-parrish/41-tobi-lutke-the-trust-battery |title=The Knowledge Project #41: Tobi Lutke - The Trust Battery |publisher=HappyScribe |access-date=2024-03-15}}</ref><ref name="theobservereffect">{{cite web |url=https://www.theobservereffect.org/tobi.html |title=Tobi |publisher=The Observer Effect |access-date=2025-01-27 |archive-date=2024-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705142052/https://www.theobservereffect.org/tobi.html}}</ref><ref name=theglobeandmail>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/sb-growth/success-stories/fluke-and-luck-shopifys-co-founder-profited-from-both/article4575360/?page=all|title=Fluke and luck: Shopify's co-founder profited from both|date=October 5, 2012|access-date=April 30, 2015}}</ref><ref name=tobi.lutke.com>{{cite web|url=https://tobi.lutke.com/|title=THE CASE FOR SWAGGER: CANADIANS HAVE A LOT TO BE PROUD OF|date=May 22, 2018|access-date=November 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-05 |title=Lütke joins Era Motorsport for LMP2 run; Dalziel, Chatin and Hansson in for Daytona |url=https://racer.com/2024/12/05/lutke-joins-era-motorsport-for-lmp2-run-dalziel-chatin-and-hansson-in-for-daytona/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=RACER |language=en-US}}</ref> Lütke amekuwa sehemu ya timu ya msingi ya mfumo wa Ruby on Rails na ameunda maktaba za chanzo huria kama Active Merchant. Kufikia 2022, alikuwa mtu wa kanada wa 11 tajiri zaidi. Kufikia Agosti 2025, utajiri wake ulikuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 12.3. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3am0jfh3plqzww705pxkboqtc5qymv9 0 248493 1594528 2026-09-05T04:37:20Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lawrence Stroll''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye ni mmiliki mwenza na mwenyekiti mtendaji wa [[Aston Martin]], pamoja na mmiliki wa timu yao ya [[Formula One]]. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], ana utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.9, kufikia Machi 2024.<ref name="spouse">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/formula1/lawrence-stroll-sebastian-vettel-aston-martin-silverstone-britis...' 1594528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Stroll''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye ni mmiliki mwenza na mwenyekiti mtendaji wa [[Aston Martin]], pamoja na mmiliki wa timu yao ya [[Formula One]]. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], ana utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.9, kufikia Machi 2024.<ref name="spouse">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/formula1/lawrence-stroll-sebastian-vettel-aston-martin-silverstone-british-b1883602.html|title=Whatever it takes – Lawrence Stroll determined to lead Aston Martin to F1 glory|date=14 July 2021|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11464708/force-india-rescued-from-administration-by-lawrence-stroll-led-new-backers |title=Force India rescued from administration by Lawrence Stroll-led new backers |last=Gill |first=Pete |date=8 Aug 2018 |website=skysports.com |publisher=Sky UK |access-date=16 Aug 2018 |quote=The Force India F1 team are to be rescued from administration by a group of investors led by Lawrence Stroll}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Lawrence Stroll |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lawrence-stroll/ |website=Forbes |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Lawrence Sheldon Strulovitch alizaliwa tarehe 11 Julai 1959 huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] katika familia ya Kiyahudi kama mtoto wa mwagizaji wa mitindo Leo Strulović, ambaye baadaye alibadilisha jina la familia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] swwmf0gvw3px26swlu1mkcak39oz2a1 1594541 1594528 2026-09-05T06:48:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawrence Stroll''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye ni mmiliki mwenza na mwenyekiti mtendaji wa [[Aston Martin]], pamoja na mmiliki wa timu yao ya [[Formula One]]. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], ana utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.9, kufikia Machi 2024.<ref name="spouse">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/formula1/lawrence-stroll-sebastian-vettel-aston-martin-silverstone-british-b1883602.html|title=Whatever it takes – Lawrence Stroll determined to lead Aston Martin to F1 glory|date=14 July 2021|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11464708/force-india-rescued-from-administration-by-lawrence-stroll-led-new-backers |title=Force India rescued from administration by Lawrence Stroll-led new backers |last=Gill |first=Pete |date=8 Aug 2018 |website=skysports.com |publisher=Sky UK |access-date=16 Aug 2018 |quote=The Force India F1 team are to be rescued from administration by a group of investors led by Lawrence Stroll}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Lawrence Stroll |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/lawrence-stroll/ |website=Forbes |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Lawrence Sheldon Strulovitch alizaliwa tarehe 11 Julai 1959 huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]] katika familia ya Kiyahudi kama mtoto wa mwagizaji wa mitindo Leo Strulović, ambaye baadaye alibadilisha jina la familia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] smnkbn8hdl6p39g4hp1gq9a1nm4yv9o 0 248494 1594529 2026-09-05T04:41:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Piotr Szulczewski''' (alizaliwa [[1981]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhandisi wa kompyuta nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Polandi]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani wa jukwaa la e-commerce linalozingatia simu la bidhaa za bei nafuu, Wish.com. Mwaka 2019, alikua bilionea mdogo zaidi kutoka Kanada kulingana na [[Forbes]], ingawa utajiri wake ulipungua baadaye kufuatia ofa ya umma ya Wish. == Maisha ya Awali == Szulczewski alikulia katika kiton...' 1594529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Piotr Szulczewski''' (alizaliwa [[1981]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhandisi wa kompyuta nchini [[Kanada]] na [[Polandi]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa zamani wa jukwaa la e-commerce linalozingatia simu la bidhaa za bei nafuu, Wish.com. Mwaka 2019, alikua bilionea mdogo zaidi kutoka Kanada kulingana na [[Forbes]], ingawa utajiri wake ulipungua baadaye kufuatia ofa ya umma ya Wish. == Maisha ya Awali == Szulczewski alikulia katika kitongoji cha Tarchomin cha [[Warshawa|Warsaw]]<ref name="Forbes list">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/peter-szulczewski/#2ec712febc30|title=#1605 Peter Szulczewski|work=Forbes|accessdate=22 November 2019}}</ref>. Baada ya kuanguka kwa ukoministi nchini Polandi, wazazi wake walihamia Waterloo, [[Ontario]], Kanada, karibu maili 70 (km 110) magharibi mwa [[Toronto]]. Alisoma hisabati na sayansi ya kompyuta katika Chuo Kikuu cha Waterloo, ambako alikutana na Danny Zhang.<ref name="Forbes0419">{{cite web|author=Olson, Parmy|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/03/13/meet-the-billionaire-who-defied-amazon-and-built-wish-the-worlds-most-downloaded-e-commerce-app/#5ec0fc2070f5|title=Meet The Billionaire Who Defied Amazon And Built Wish, The World's Most-Downloaded E-Commerce App |website=Forbes|date=13 March 2019|accessdate=22 November 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Poland]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cjdozcpx4598gljvcbbcodououdmvj9 0 248495 1594532 2026-09-05T05:19:02Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Guy Laliberté''' (alizaliwa [[2 Septemba]] [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na mchezaji wa poka. Pamoja na [[Gilles Ste-Croix]], yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Cirque du Soleil kampuni ya maonyesho na burudani ambayo ilianzishwa mwaka 1984. Maonyesho ya kampuni ya sarakasi ya Kanada tangu wakati huo yameonwa na zaidi ya watu milioni 90 duniani kote. Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni, alikuwa akicheza mitaani, akitumbuiza kama mpiga ki...' 1594532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guy Laliberté''' (alizaliwa [[2 Septemba]] [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na mchezaji wa poka. Pamoja na [[Gilles Ste-Croix]], yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Cirque du Soleil kampuni ya maonyesho na burudani ambayo ilianzishwa mwaka 1984. Maonyesho ya kampuni ya sarakasi ya Kanada tangu wakati huo yameonwa na zaidi ya watu milioni 90 duniani kote. Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni, alikuwa akicheza mitaani, akitumbuiza kama mpiga kinanda, mwendea nguzo na mla moto.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2009 |title=Laliberté, Guy |url=https://grandquebec.com/gens-du-pays/guy-laliberte/ |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=Voyage à travers le Québec |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guy Laliberté |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/laliberte-guy |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka [[2006]], alitajwa kuwa Mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka wa Kanada wa Ernst & Young. Mwaka 2007, alitajwa kuwa Mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka Duniani wa Ernst & Young. Mnamo Januari 2018, Laliberté aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa kanada wa 11 tajiri zaidi.<ref>Ernst & Young, [http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/Canada/Media_-_2006_-_EOY_National_Recipient 2006 EOY National Recipient] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708192631/http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/Canada/Media_-_2006_-_EOY_National_Recipient |date=8 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=Guy Laliberte Revolution Under the Big Top|author=Frank, Steven|date=26 April 2004|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994013,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103030239/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994013,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/wealth/billionaires/list?country=223&industry=-1&state= | title=The World's Billionaires | work=[[Forbes]] | access-date=29 August 2017 | archive-date=18 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218110228/http://www.forbes.com/wealth/billionaires/list?country=223&industry=-1&state= | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] il7r3gtdc2seiggy7c6dop6bwudp15e 1594587 1594532 2026-09-05T11:37:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guy Laliberté''' (alizaliwa [[2 Septemba]] [[1959]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Kanada]] na mchezaji wa poka. Pamoja na [[Gilles Ste-Croix]], yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Cirque du Soleil kampuni ya maonyesho na burudani ambayo ilianzishwa mwaka 1984. Maonyesho ya kampuni ya sarakasi ya Kanada tangu wakati huo yameonwa na zaidi ya watu milioni 90 duniani kote. Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni, alikuwa akicheza mitaani, akitumbuiza kama mpiga kinanda, mwendea nguzo na mla moto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=5 October 2009 |title=Laliberté, Guy |url=https://grandquebec.com/gens-du-pays/guy-laliberte/ |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=Voyage à travers le Québec |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Guy Laliberté |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/laliberte-guy |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka [[2006]], alitajwa kuwa Mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka wa Kanada wa Ernst & Young. Mwaka 2007, alitajwa kuwa Mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka Duniani wa Ernst & Young. Mnamo Januari 2018, Laliberté aliorodheshwa na [[Forbes]] kama mtu wa kanada wa 11 tajiri zaidi.<ref>Ernst & Young, [http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/Canada/Media_-_2006_-_EOY_National_Recipient 2006 EOY National Recipient] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708192631/http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/Canada/Media_-_2006_-_EOY_National_Recipient |date=8 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|title=Guy Laliberte Revolution Under the Big Top|author=Frank, Steven|date=26 April 2004|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994013,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103030239/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994013,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/wealth/billionaires/list?country=223&industry=-1&state= | title=The World's Billionaires | work=[[Forbes]] | access-date=29 August 2017 | archive-date=18 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218110228/http://www.forbes.com/wealth/billionaires/list?country=223&industry=-1&state= | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tpu5nr3kf2ekcc3eh52srcw2gbr34bm 0 248496 1594533 2026-09-05T05:22:06Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mike Lazaridis''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye alianzisha pamoja Research In Motion (sasa [[BlackBerry]] Limited), kampuni iliyounda na kutengeneza kifaa cha matumizi bila waya cha BlackBerry. Amekuwa msaidizi mkuu wa fizikia ya kitaaluma ya Kanada na mwekezaji katika teknolojia za kompyuta ya quantum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yusufali |first=Sasha |last2=Neilson |first2=Laura |date=April 1, 2013 |title=Mi...' 1594533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mike Lazaridis''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye alianzisha pamoja Research In Motion (sasa [[BlackBerry]] Limited), kampuni iliyounda na kutengeneza kifaa cha matumizi bila waya cha BlackBerry. Amekuwa msaidizi mkuu wa fizikia ya kitaaluma ya Kanada na mwekezaji katika teknolojia za kompyuta ya quantum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yusufali |first=Sasha |last2=Neilson |first2=Laura |date=April 1, 2013 |title=Mike Lazaridis |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mike-lazaridis |url-status=live |access-date=February 17, 2026 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ohin6dvj2hr5h4c8kjnk9x968n8xqfc 1594554 1594533 2026-09-05T07:35:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mike Lazaridis''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye alianzisha pamoja Research In Motion (sasa [[BlackBerry]] Limited), kampuni iliyounda na kutengeneza kifaa cha matumizi bila waya cha BlackBerry. Amekuwa msaidizi mkuu wa fizikia ya kitaaluma ya Kanada na mwekezaji katika teknolojia za kompyuta ya quantum.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Yusufali |first=Sasha |last2=Neilson |first2=Laura |date=April 1, 2013 |title=Mike Lazaridis |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mike-lazaridis |url-status=live |access-date=February 17, 2026 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t88odib3v1d5f4gaibbyp745eruimd6 0 248497 1594534 2026-09-05T05:26:32Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Lee-Chin''' (alizaliwa [[3 Januari]] [[1951]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mhisani na mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Portland Holdings Inc, kampuni binafsi ya uwekezaji huko [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]] mwenye uraia wa Kanada na [[Jamaika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-lee-chin/|title=Michael Lee-Chin|website=Forbes|access-date=17 December 2019|archive-date=20 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/w...' 1594534 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Lee-Chin''' (alizaliwa [[3 Januari]] [[1951]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mhisani na mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Portland Holdings Inc, kampuni binafsi ya uwekezaji huko [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]] mwenye uraia wa Kanada na [[Jamaika]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-lee-chin/|title=Michael Lee-Chin|website=Forbes|access-date=17 December 2019|archive-date=20 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120095627/https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-lee-chin/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-lee-chin|title=Michael Lee-Chin &#124; The Canadian Encyclopedia|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|access-date=14 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023003422/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-lee-chin|url-status=live}}</ref> Lee-Chin aliteuliwa katika tuzo ya Agizo la Ontario mwaka 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.ontario.ca/mci/en/2018/01/the-2017-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario.html | title=The 2017 Appointees to the Order of Ontario | date=29 January 2018 | publisher=Province of Ontario, Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration | access-date=3 February 2018 | archive-date=21 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121051713/https://news.ontario.ca/mci/en/2018/01/the-2017-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2016, Lee-Chin aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Ukuaji wa Uchumi (EGC) la serikali ya [[Jamaika]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/featured/michael-lee-chin-heads-jas-economic-growth-council/|title=Michael Lee Chin heads JA's Economic Growth Council – Caribbean News|last=Harvey|first=Jahlisa|date=2016-04-29|work=Caribbean News|access-date=2017-07-19|language=en-US|archive-date=13 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713180239/http://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/featured/michael-lee-chin-heads-jas-economic-growth-council/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lee-Chin ametoa ahadi na michango kadhaa kubwa nchini Kanada kwa Jumba la Makumbusho la Royal Ontario mwaka 2003, Shule ya Usimamizi ya Rotman katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, Chuo Kikuu cha McMaster na Joseph Brant Hospital Foundation. Lee-Chin alihudumu kama kansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Wilfrid Laurier. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Jamaika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9nx61d27sr29eo6qz62vhk03luf5ema 1594553 1594534 2026-09-05T07:33:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1594553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Lee-Chin''' (alizaliwa [[3 Januari]] [[1951]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mhisani na mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Portland Holdings Inc, kampuni binafsi ya uwekezaji huko [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]] mwenye uraia wa Kanada na [[Jamaika]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-lee-chin/|title=Michael Lee-Chin|website=Forbes|access-date=17 December 2019|archive-date=20 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120095627/https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-lee-chin/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-lee-chin|title=Michael Lee-Chin &#124; The Canadian Encyclopedia|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|access-date=14 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023003422/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michael-lee-chin|url-status=live}}</ref> Lee-Chin aliteuliwa katika tuzo ya Agizo la Ontario mwaka 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.ontario.ca/mci/en/2018/01/the-2017-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario.html | title=The 2017 Appointees to the Order of Ontario | date=29 January 2018 | publisher=Province of Ontario, Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration | access-date=3 February 2018 | archive-date=21 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121051713/https://news.ontario.ca/mci/en/2018/01/the-2017-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2016, Lee-Chin aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Ukuaji wa Uchumi (EGC) la serikali ya [[Jamaika]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/featured/michael-lee-chin-heads-jas-economic-growth-council/|title=Michael Lee Chin heads JA's Economic Growth Council – Caribbean News|last=Harvey|first=Jahlisa|date=2016-04-29|work=Caribbean News|access-date=2017-07-19|language=en-US|archive-date=13 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713180239/http://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/featured/michael-lee-chin-heads-jas-economic-growth-council/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lee-Chin ametoa ahadi na michango kadhaa kubwa nchini Kanada kwa Jumba la Makumbusho la Royal Ontario mwaka 2003, Shule ya Usimamizi ya Rotman katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, Chuo Kikuu cha McMaster na Joseph Brant Hospital Foundation. Lee-Chin alihudumu kama kansela wa Chuo Kikuu cha Wilfrid Laurier. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Jamaika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oiloq7nlnxs3gu8nc3lnnj2vuzbp2c6 0 248498 1594535 2026-09-05T05:30:59Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brandt Channing Louie''' (alizaliwa [[5 Julai]] [[1943]]) ni mhasibu na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa H.Y. Louie Co. Limited (msambazaji kwa maduka ya IGA katika [[British Kolumbia]]), na Mwenyekiti wa London Drugs Limited.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brandt Louie |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brandt-louie |website=thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |accessdate=November 12, 2019}}</ref> == Maish...' 1594535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brandt Channing Louie''' (alizaliwa [[5 Julai]] [[1943]]) ni mhasibu na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa H.Y. Louie Co. Limited (msambazaji kwa maduka ya IGA katika [[British Kolumbia]]), na Mwenyekiti wa London Drugs Limited.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brandt Louie |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brandt-louie |website=thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |accessdate=November 12, 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Louie alizaliwa [[Vancouver]] na alipata shahada ya kwanza ya biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha British Kolumbia (UBC)<ref name = "chancellor">{{cite web |last1=Meadahl |first1=Marianne |title=Louie appointed chancellor |url=http://www.sfu.ca/archive-sfunews/sfu_news/archives/sfunews04280503.shtml |website=sfu.ca |accessdate=November 12, 2019 |date=April 28, 2005}}</ref>. == H.Y. Louie Group == Baada ya kufanya mazoezi kama mhasibu mwandishi, Louie aliamua kujiunga na biashara ya familia mwaka 1972<ref name = "UAlberta">{{cite web |title=Brandt C Louie |url=https://www.ualberta.ca/giving/celebrating-generosity/innovative-leaders/brandt-c-louie |website=ualberta.ca |accessdate=November 12, 2019}}</ref>. Mwaka 1903, babu yake Louie, Hok Yat Louie, ambaye alihamia Kanada kutoka [[China]], alianzisha duka la jumla huko Vancouver. Hatimaye Brandt aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa London Drugs mwaka 1998. Kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na mwenyekiti, Louie pia anasimamia Tong na Geraldine Louie Family Foundation na London Drugs Foundation. Mwaka 2010, aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya Grosvenor Americas. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lnbwypbzezom0ywkmk80u47gghoyujr 0 248499 1594537 2026-09-05T05:35:39Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mark Scheinberg''' ( alizaliwa [[1973]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mwekezaji nchini [[Israeli]] na [[Kanada]] katika mali zisizohamishiki. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na mmiliki mwenza wa zamani wa kampuni ya kamari ya mtandaoni PokerStars, ambayo iliuzwa mwaka 2014 kwa Amaya Gaming kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.9. Scheinberg pia ni mwanzilishi na mkuu wa kampuni ya uwekezaji Mohari Hospitality, ambayo imeendeleza hoteli mbalimbali za kifahari duniani ko...' 1594537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Scheinberg''' ( alizaliwa [[1973]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mwekezaji nchini [[Israeli]] na [[Kanada]] katika mali zisizohamishiki. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na mmiliki mwenza wa zamani wa kampuni ya kamari ya mtandaoni PokerStars, ambayo iliuzwa mwaka 2014 kwa Amaya Gaming kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.9. Scheinberg pia ni mwanzilishi na mkuu wa kampuni ya uwekezaji Mohari Hospitality, ambayo imeendeleza hoteli mbalimbali za kifahari duniani kote na inamiliki sehemu kubwa ya Tao Group Hospitality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/92rDTr77aDkRkgDdotQQuMYdHjY/appointments|title=Igal Mark SCHEINBERG - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Mark Scheinberg alizaliwa Israeli mwaka 1973, akihamia [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Kanada akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 pamoja na familia yake.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Mark Scheinberg|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/mark-scheinberg/|website=Forbes|access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> Walikaa katika mji wa [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]] katika miaka ya 1980.<ref name=GlobeMail>{{cite news|last1=Freeze|first1=Colin|title=A look at the mysterious Canadian founder of PokerStars|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/a-look-at-the-mysterious-canadian-founder-of-pokerstars/article4171690/|access-date=18 January 2015|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 April 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ioew9mgtkatuv5gb1lz2plq0eme1ch8 1594547 1594537 2026-09-05T07:15:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Scheinberg''' ( alizaliwa [[1973]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mwekezaji nchini [[Israeli]] na [[Kanada]] katika mali zisizohamishiki. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na mmiliki mwenza wa zamani wa kampuni ya kamari ya mtandaoni PokerStars, ambayo iliuzwa mwaka 2014 kwa Amaya Gaming kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.9. Scheinberg pia ni mwanzilishi na mkuu wa kampuni ya uwekezaji Mohari Hospitality, ambayo imeendeleza hoteli mbalimbali za kifahari duniani kote na inamiliki sehemu kubwa ya Tao Group Hospitality.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/92rDTr77aDkRkgDdotQQuMYdHjY/appointments|title=Igal Mark SCHEINBERG - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Mark Scheinberg alizaliwa Israeli mwaka 1973, akihamia [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Kanada akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 pamoja na familia yake.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Mark Scheinberg|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/mark-scheinberg/|website=Forbes|access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref> Walikaa katika mji wa [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]] katika miaka ya 1980.<ref name=GlobeMail>{{cite news|last1=Freeze|first1=Colin|title=A look at the mysterious Canadian founder of PokerStars|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/a-look-at-the-mysterious-canadian-founder-of-pokerstars/article4171690/|access-date=18 January 2015|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=22 April 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 424hd2hgf6ibdtlp22p6rfoe5xc6qib 0 248500 1594538 2026-09-05T05:39:00Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emanuele "Lino" Saputo''' (alizaliwa [[10 Juni]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa mtengenezaji wa jibini wa Kanada Saputo Inc. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], ana utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.7 kufikia Novemba 2022.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Emanuele (Lino) Saputo & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/emanuele-lino-saputo/ |access-da...' 1594538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emanuele "Lino" Saputo''' (alizaliwa [[10 Juni]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa mtengenezaji wa jibini wa Kanada Saputo Inc. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], ana utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.7 kufikia Novemba 2022.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Emanuele (Lino) Saputo & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/emanuele-lino-saputo/ |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=Forbes |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109205255/https://www.forbes.com/profile/emanuele-lino-saputo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Saputo alizaliwa Montelepre, [[Sicily]], Italia, mwaka 1937, kwa Giuseppe Saputo, mtengenezaji wa jibini, na mke wake Maria. Giuseppe na Frank, mtoto wake mkubwa, walihamia [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Kanada mwaka 1950, na miaka miwili baadaye, Lino alijiunga na baba yake na kaka yake nchini Kanada, pamoja na mama yake Maria, kaka yake Luigi, pamoja na dada zake Rosalia, Elina, Maria na Antonina.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://saputo.com/en/our-company/history-overview/1950|title=1950 History|publisher=saputo.com|access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=August 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811104642/https://saputo.com/en/our-company/history-overview/1950|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kazi == Saputo alikua mwenyekiti wa bodi na rais wa Saputo Inc. mwaka 1969, na aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) mwaka 1997 wakati kampuni ilipokuwa ya umma. Mnamo Machi 2004, mwanawe Lino Saputo Jr. aliteuliwa kuwa rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji, wakati Saputo aliendelea kama mwenyekiti wa kampuni. Mnamo Agosti 2017, Lino Saputo Jr. alichukua nafasi ya mwenyekiti, na Saputo anabaki kuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa Saputo Inc.<ref name="mob-connections">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-dairy-mogul-lino-saputo-had-secret-past-dealings-with-u-s-mobster-joe-bonanno-then-lied-about-it-1.5428629#:~:text=In%20Lino%20Saputo's%20memoir%2C%20the,Bonanno%2C%20a%20powerful%20Mafia%20godfather.|title=Quebec dairy mogul Lino Saputo had secret past dealings with U.S. mobster Joe Bonanno, then lied about it|publisher=cbc.ca|date=January 16, 2020|access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=January 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103002606/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-dairy-mogul-lino-saputo-had-secret-past-dealings-with-u-s-mobster-joe-bonanno-then-lied-about-it-1.5428629#:~:text=In%20Lino%20Saputo's%20memoir%2C%20the,Bonanno%2C%20a%20powerful%20Mafia%20godfather.|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] anniqv10l4kzpum4dfioqk00yy8ioqq 1594543 1594538 2026-09-05T06:52:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emanuele "Lino" Saputo''' (alizaliwa [[10 Juni]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na [[Kanada]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa mtengenezaji wa jibini wa Kanada Saputo Inc. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], ana utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.7 kufikia Novemba 2022.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Forbes profile: Emanuele (Lino) Saputo & family |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/emanuele-lino-saputo/ |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=Forbes |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109205255/https://www.forbes.com/profile/emanuele-lino-saputo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Saputo alizaliwa Montelepre, [[Sicily]], Italia, mwaka 1937, kwa Giuseppe Saputo, mtengenezaji wa jibini, na mke wake Maria. Giuseppe na Frank, mtoto wake mkubwa, walihamia [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Kanada mwaka 1950, na miaka miwili baadaye, Lino alijiunga na baba yake na kaka yake nchini Kanada, pamoja na mama yake Maria, kaka yake Luigi, pamoja na dada zake Rosalia, Elina, Maria na Antonina.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://saputo.com/en/our-company/history-overview/1950|title=1950 History|publisher=saputo.com|access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=August 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811104642/https://saputo.com/en/our-company/history-overview/1950|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kazi == Saputo alikua mwenyekiti wa bodi na rais wa Saputo Inc. mwaka 1969, na aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) mwaka 1997 wakati kampuni ilipokuwa ya umma. Mnamo Machi 2004, mwanawe Lino Saputo Jr. aliteuliwa kuwa rais na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji, wakati Saputo aliendelea kama mwenyekiti wa kampuni. Mnamo Agosti 2017, Lino Saputo Jr. alichukua nafasi ya mwenyekiti, na Saputo anabaki kuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa Saputo Inc.<ref name="mob-connections">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-dairy-mogul-lino-saputo-had-secret-past-dealings-with-u-s-mobster-joe-bonanno-then-lied-about-it-1.5428629#:~:text=In%20Lino%20Saputo's%20memoir%2C%20the,Bonanno%2C%20a%20powerful%20Mafia%20godfather.|title=Quebec dairy mogul Lino Saputo had secret past dealings with U.S. mobster Joe Bonanno, then lied about it|publisher=cbc.ca|date=January 16, 2020|access-date=October 6, 2023|archive-date=January 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103002606/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-dairy-mogul-lino-saputo-had-secret-past-dealings-with-u-s-mobster-joe-bonanno-then-lied-about-it-1.5428629#:~:text=In%20Lino%20Saputo's%20memoir%2C%20the,Bonanno%2C%20a%20powerful%20Mafia%20godfather.|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d0yol3gtjrscs9l6a5phdxkqzqwsi6i 0 248501 1594539 2026-09-05T05:42:28Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bernard Charles "Barry" Sherman''' ( [[25 Februari]] [[1942]] – [[13 Desemba]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Apotex Inc.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bernard Charles Sherman: Executive Profile & Biography – Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=554760&privcapId=4211892|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=December 16, 2017}}</r...' 1594539 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Charles "Barry" Sherman''' ( [[25 Februari]] [[1942]] – [[13 Desemba]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]] ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Apotex Inc.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bernard Charles Sherman: Executive Profile & Biography – Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=554760&privcapId=4211892|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=December 16, 2017}}</ref> Akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 3.2 wakati wa kifo chake, kulingana na [[Forbes]], Sherman alikuwa mtu wa 12 tajiri zaidi nchini Kanada.<ref name=tps_autopsy>{{cite press release| url=http://torontopolice.on.ca/newsreleases/39905| title=Investigation into two suspicious deaths, 50 Old Colony Road, Victims identified, Causes of death released| date=December 17, 2017| publisher=[[Toronto Police Service]]| access-date=December 18, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218112158/http://torontopolice.on.ca/newsreleases/39905| archive-date=December 18, 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="2autopsy">{{cite news |last1=Lancaster |first1=John |title=Court documents reveal more details about 2017 homicides of Barry and Honey Sherman|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/barry-honey-sherman-murder-2021-1.5860527 |publisher=CBC |date=5 January 2021}}</ref> Chapisho lingine, Canadian Business, lilisema utajiri wake kuwa [[Dola ya Kanada|CA$]] bilioni 4.77, na kumweka kama mtu wa 15 tajiri zaidi nchini Kanada.<ref name="Forbes_20171215">{{cite news|last1=Tindera|first1=Michela|title=Canadian Pharmaceuticals Billionaire And Wife Found Dead In Toronto Mansion|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelatindera/2017/12/15/canadian-pharmaceuticals-billionaire-and-wife-found-dead-in-toronto-mansion/#20508dd37fe2|access-date=December 16, 2017|work=Forbes|date=December 15, 2017}}</ref><ref name="financialpost.com">{{cite news|url=https://business.financialpost.com/news/apotex-founder-barry-sherman-and-wife-found-dead-ontarios-health-minister|title=Apotex founder Barry Sherman and wife found dead in Toronto home|newspaper=Financial Post |date=December 15, 2017|access-date=December 17, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] 5lhn2tz079t8fzw14wu36p778uqwhx9 0 248502 1594556 2026-09-05T09:03:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Giuseppe De'Longhi''' (alizaliwa [[24 Aprili]] [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na rais wa De'Longhi. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa [[Treviso]], Italia, tarehe 24 Aprili 1939.<ref name=Cafoscarialumni>{{cite web|title=Giuseppe de'Longhi|url=http://www.cafoscarialumni.it/pages/2014-giuseppe-de-longhi|website=Cafoscarialumni|accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ca' Foscari cha Venice.<ref name=Forbe...' 1594556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giuseppe De'Longhi''' (alizaliwa [[24 Aprili]] [[1939]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na rais wa De'Longhi. == Maisha ya Awali == Alizaliwa [[Treviso]], Italia, tarehe 24 Aprili 1939.<ref name=Cafoscarialumni>{{cite web|title=Giuseppe de'Longhi|url=http://www.cafoscarialumni.it/pages/2014-giuseppe-de-longhi|website=Cafoscarialumni|accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ca' Foscari cha Venice.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Giuseppe De'Longhi|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/giuseppe-delonghi/|website=Forbes|accessdate=29 July 2024}}</ref> == Kazi == Kufikia Julai 2024, alikuwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa na [[Forbes]] kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 4.7. == Maisha Binafsi == Ameachana na mkewe na ana watoto wawili, na anaishi Treviso, Italia. Mwanawe, Fabio De'Longhi, ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa De'Longhi. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rwnzjvcqhqw6lxudygr04mrke3r0stx 3 248503 1594558 2026-09-05T09:48:16Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594558 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t0e5z2uur2vqnqhh9b0p5l44wrk4vmm 3 248504 1594559 2026-09-05T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594559 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t0e5z2uur2vqnqhh9b0p5l44wrk4vmm 3 248505 1594560 2026-09-05T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594560 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t0e5z2uur2vqnqhh9b0p5l44wrk4vmm 3 248506 1594561 2026-09-05T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594561 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t0e5z2uur2vqnqhh9b0p5l44wrk4vmm 3 248507 1594562 2026-09-05T09:48:56Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594562 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t0e5z2uur2vqnqhh9b0p5l44wrk4vmm 3 248508 1594563 2026-09-05T09:49:06Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594563 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) e0nv1k0o52gmsmtavoapyhiaflgjxn0 3 248509 1594564 2026-09-05T09:49:16Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594564 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) e0nv1k0o52gmsmtavoapyhiaflgjxn0 3 248510 1594565 2026-09-05T09:49:26Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594565 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) e0nv1k0o52gmsmtavoapyhiaflgjxn0 3 248511 1594566 2026-09-05T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594566 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) e0nv1k0o52gmsmtavoapyhiaflgjxn0 3 248512 1594567 2026-09-05T09:49:46Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594567 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) e0nv1k0o52gmsmtavoapyhiaflgjxn0 3 248513 1594568 2026-09-05T09:49:56Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594568 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) e0nv1k0o52gmsmtavoapyhiaflgjxn0 3 248514 1594569 2026-09-05T09:50:06Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594569 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 3gs3ahhqqmiuob33iecasv9f180asgs 3 248515 1594570 2026-09-05T09:50:16Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594570 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 3gs3ahhqqmiuob33iecasv9f180asgs 0 248516 1594572 2026-09-05T10:04:58Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Cláudio Taffarel | jina_halisi = Cláudio André Mergen Taffarel | picha = Taffarel 2018.png | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1966|5|8|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Santa Rosa, Brazil | urefu = 1.80 m | nafasi = Kipa (Goalkeeper) | klabu_hivi_sasa = Brazil (kocha wa makipa) | vilabu_vijana = Internaci...' 1594572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Cláudio Taffarel | jina_halisi = Cláudio André Mergen Taffarel | picha = Taffarel 2018.png | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1966|5|8|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Santa Rosa, Brazil | urefu = 1.80 m | nafasi = Kipa (Goalkeeper) | klabu_hivi_sasa = Brazil (kocha wa makipa) | vilabu_vijana = Internacional (1984–1985) | miaka1 = 1985–1990 | vilabu1 = Internacional | mechi1 = 73 | magoli1 = 0 | miaka2 = 1990–1993 | vilabu2 = Parma | mechi2 = 74 | magoli2 = 0 | miaka3 = 1993–1994 | vilabu3 = Reggiana | mechi3 = 31 | magoli3 = 0 | miaka4 = 1995–1998 | vilabu4 = Atlético Mineiro | mechi4 = 74 | magoli4 = 0 | miaka5 = 1998–2001 | vilabu5 = Galatasaray | mechi5 = 89 | magoli5 = 0 | miaka6 = 2001–2003 | vilabu6 = Parma | mechi6 = 5 | magoli6 = 0 | jumla_mechi = 346 | jumla_magoli = 0 | timu_taifa = Brazil | miaka_taifa = 1988–1998 | mechi_taifa = 101 | magoli_taifa = 0 | ukocha = {{plainlist| * Galatasaray (2014, 2015 – kocha wa muda) }} | medali = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|BRA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1994 United States|}} {{Medal|RU|1998 France|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|1989 Brazil|}} {{Medal|W|1997 Bolivia|}} {{Medal|RU|1991 Chile|}} {{Medal|RU|1995 Uruguay|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{Medal|Silver|1988 Seoul|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]}} {{Medal|Third|1998 United States|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1985 Soviet Union|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|1985 Paraguay|}} }} '''Cláudio André Mergen Taffarel''' (alizaliwa 8 Mei 1966) ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa na mchezaji wa zamani kutoka nchini [[Brazil]] ambaye ni kocha wa magolikipa wa timu ya taifa ya Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cláudio Taffarel - Profile |url=https://www.fifa.com |website=FIFA |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref> Akiwa [[Golikipa]], Taffarel alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji wa kiwango cha juu mnamo mwaka 1985 akiwa na klabu ya [[SC Internacional|Internacional]] ya nchini kwao Brazil na kisha akachezea klabu za [[Parma AC|Parma]], [[AC Reggiana|Reggiana]], [[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]] na [[Galatasaray S.K. (football)|Galatasaray]]. Alistaafu mnamo 2003 baada ya kurejea kwa mara ya pili katika klabu ya Parma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cláudio Taffarel Career Stats |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com |website=National Football Teams |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref> Akiwa amecheza zaidi ya mechi 100 za kimataifa, Taffarel alitimiza wajibu mkubwa katika kikosi cha Brazil kilichotwaa ubingwa wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1994]] na pia alionekana katika mashindano mengine makubwa nane ya kimataifa katika kipindi cha muongo mmoja kamili, kwa kiasi kikubwa akishinda mataji mawili ya [[Copa América]] mnamo [[1989 Copa América|1989]] na [[1997 Copa América|1997]], pamoja na kushika nafasi ya pili katika Kombe la Dunia la [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1998|1998]]. Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto 1988]] nchini Korea Kusini.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taffarel and the 1994 World Cup |url=https://www.rsssf.org |website=RSSSF |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Brazil]] 6xwx0xc17j783jfdpz5j0u9myj9aqev 1594582 1594572 2026-09-05T11:09:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1594582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Cláudio Taffarel | jina_halisi = Cláudio André Mergen Taffarel | picha = Taffarel 2018.png | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1966|5|8|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Santa Rosa, Brazil | urefu = 1.80 m | nafasi = Kipa (Goalkeeper) | klabu_hivi_sasa = Brazil (kocha wa makipa) | vilabu_vijana = Internacional (1984–1985) | miaka1 = 1985–1990 | vilabu1 = Internacional | mechi1 = 73 | magoli1 = 0 | miaka2 = 1990–1993 | vilabu2 = Parma | mechi2 = 74 | magoli2 = 0 | miaka3 = 1993–1994 | vilabu3 = Reggiana | mechi3 = 31 | magoli3 = 0 | miaka4 = 1995–1998 | vilabu4 = Atlético Mineiro | mechi4 = 74 | magoli4 = 0 | miaka5 = 1998–2001 | vilabu5 = Galatasaray | mechi5 = 89 | magoli5 = 0 | miaka6 = 2001–2003 | vilabu6 = Parma | mechi6 = 5 | magoli6 = 0 | jumla_mechi = 346 | jumla_magoli = 0 | timu_taifa = Brazil | miaka_taifa = 1988–1998 | mechi_taifa = 101 | magoli_taifa = 0 | ukocha = {{plainlist| * Galatasaray (2014, 2015 – kocha wa muda) }} | medali = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|BRA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1994 United States|}} {{Medal|RU|1998 France|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|1989 Brazil|}} {{Medal|W|1997 Bolivia|}} {{Medal|RU|1991 Chile|}} {{Medal|RU|1995 Uruguay|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{Medal|Silver|1988 Seoul|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]}} {{Medal|Third|1998 United States|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-20 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1985 Soviet Union|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[South American U-20 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|1985 Paraguay|}} }} '''Cláudio André Mergen Taffarel''' (alizaliwa 8 Mei 1966) ni kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa na mchezaji wa zamani kutoka nchini [[Brazil]] ambaye ni kocha wa magolikipa wa timu ya taifa ya Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cláudio Taffarel - Profile |url=https://www.fifa.com |website=FIFA |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref> Akiwa [[Golikipa]], Taffarel alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji wa kiwango cha juu mnamo mwaka 1985 akiwa na klabu ya [[SC Internacional|Internacional]] ya nchini kwao Brazil na kisha akachezea klabu za [[Parma AC|Parma]], [[AC Reggiana|Reggiana]], [[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]] na [[Galatasaray S.K. (football)|Galatasaray]]. Alistaafu mnamo 2003 baada ya kurejea kwa mara ya pili katika klabu ya Parma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cláudio Taffarel Career Stats |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com |website=National Football Teams |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref> Akiwa amecheza zaidi ya mechi 100 za kimataifa, Taffarel alitimiza wajibu mkubwa katika kikosi cha Brazil kilichotwaa ubingwa wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1994]] na pia alionekana katika mashindano mengine makubwa nane ya kimataifa katika kipindi cha muongo mmoja kamili, kwa kiasi kikubwa akishinda mataji mawili ya [[Copa América]] mnamo [[1989 Copa América|1989]] na [[1997 Copa América|1997]], pamoja na kushika nafasi ya pili katika Kombe la Dunia la [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1998|1998]]. Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto 1988]] nchini Korea Kusini.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taffarel and the 1994 World Cup |url=https://www.rsssf.org |website=RSSSF |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] 7sir3nq6umhq4yf03durhyaoxmlcpn7 0 248517 1594576 2026-09-05T10:19:52Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Aldair | jina_halisi = Aldair Nascimento dos Santos | picha = Aldair.jpg | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|11|30|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Ilhéus, Brazil | urefu = 1.83 m | nafasi = Beki wa kati | miaka1 = 1985–1989 | vilabu1 = Flamengo | mechi1 = 54 | magoli1...' 1594576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Aldair | jina_halisi = Aldair Nascimento dos Santos | picha = Aldair.jpg | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|11|30|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Ilhéus, Brazil | urefu = 1.83 m | nafasi = Beki wa kati | miaka1 = 1985–1989 | vilabu1 = Flamengo | mechi1 = 54 | magoli1 = 3 | miaka2 = 1989–1990 | vilabu2 = Benfica | mechi2 = 22 | magoli2 = 5 | miaka3 = 1990–2003 | vilabu3 = Roma | mechi3 = 330 | magoli3 = 14 | miaka4 = 2003–2004 | vilabu4 = Genoa | mechi4 = 17 | magoli4 = 1 | miaka5 = 2005 | vilabu5 = Rio Branco | mechi5 = 2 | magoli5 = 0 | miaka6 = 2007–2009 | vilabu6 = Murata | mechi6 = 10 | magoli6 = 0 | jumla_mechi = 435 | jumla_magoli = 23 | timu_taifa = Brazil | miaka_taifa = 1989–2000 | mechi_taifa = 81 | magoli_taifa = 3 | timu_taifa2 = Brazil Olympic (1996, O.P.) | mechi_taifa2 = 6 | magoli_taifa2 = 0 | medali = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|BRA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1994 USA|}} {{Medal|RU|1998 France|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1997 Saudi Arabia|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|1989 Brazil|}} {{Medal|W|1997 Bolivia|}} {{Medal|RU|1995 Uruguay|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{Medal|Bronze|1996 Atlanta|}} }} '''Aldair Nascimento dos Santos''' (alizaliwa 30 Novemba 1965), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Aldair''', ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka nchini [[Brazil]] aliyecheza kama [[beki]] wa kati, na ambaye alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya Brazil iliyotwaa ubingwa wa kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1994. Akichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa mabeki bora zaidi kuwahi kutokea nchini Brazil,<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/18621/6120873/brazils-greatest-defenders|title=Brazil's greatest defenders|date=2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.givemesport.com/355659-is-the-current-brazil-team-the-best-of-alltime|title=Is the current Brazil team the best of all-time?|date=2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416110844/http://www.givemesport.com/355659-is-the-current-brazil-team-the-best-of-alltime|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> alitumia sehemu kubwa ya taaluma yake ya uchezaji katika klabu ya Italia ya [[AS Roma]], ambapo baadaye alihudumu kama nahodha, akitwaa ubingwa wa [[Serie A]] na klabu hiyo mnamo [[2000–01 Serie A|2001]]. Akipewa jina la utani la "'''Pluto'''" na mashabiki wa Roma,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ultimouomo.com/pluto-aldair-classe-e-lentezza/|title=Pluto Aldair: Classe e lentezza|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> ni mmoja wa wajumbe waliojumuishwa kwenye Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa klabu hiyo (AS Roma Hall of Fame).<ref name="AS Roma Hall of Fame">{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.com/en/club/hall-of-fame|title=AS Roma Hall of Fame|publisher=AS Roma|access-date=16 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014240/http://www.asroma.com/en/club/hall-of-fame|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Brazil]] 13iub6enuawk20sr8pm826v96aq6lp2 1594583 1594576 2026-09-05T11:09:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1594583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Aldair | jina_halisi = Aldair Nascimento dos Santos | picha = Aldair.jpg | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1965|11|30|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Ilhéus, Brazil | urefu = 1.83 m | nafasi = Beki wa kati | miaka1 = 1985–1989 | vilabu1 = Flamengo | mechi1 = 54 | magoli1 = 3 | miaka2 = 1989–1990 | vilabu2 = Benfica | mechi2 = 22 | magoli2 = 5 | miaka3 = 1990–2003 | vilabu3 = Roma | mechi3 = 330 | magoli3 = 14 | miaka4 = 2003–2004 | vilabu4 = Genoa | mechi4 = 17 | magoli4 = 1 | miaka5 = 2005 | vilabu5 = Rio Branco | mechi5 = 2 | magoli5 = 0 | miaka6 = 2007–2009 | vilabu6 = Murata | mechi6 = 10 | magoli6 = 0 | jumla_mechi = 435 | jumla_magoli = 23 | timu_taifa = Brazil | miaka_taifa = 1989–2000 | mechi_taifa = 81 | magoli_taifa = 3 | timu_taifa2 = Brazil Olympic (1996, O.P.) | mechi_taifa2 = 6 | magoli_taifa2 = 0 | medali = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|BRA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1994 USA|}} {{Medal|RU|1998 France|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1997 Saudi Arabia|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|1989 Brazil|}} {{Medal|W|1997 Bolivia|}} {{Medal|RU|1995 Uruguay|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{Medal|Bronze|1996 Atlanta|}} }} '''Aldair Nascimento dos Santos''' (alizaliwa 30 Novemba 1965), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Aldair''', ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka nchini [[Brazil]] aliyecheza kama [[beki]] wa kati, na ambaye alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya Brazil iliyotwaa ubingwa wa kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1994. Akichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa mabeki bora zaidi kuwahi kutokea nchini Brazil,<ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/18621/6120873/brazils-greatest-defenders|title=Brazil's greatest defenders|date=2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|language=en|url=http://www.givemesport.com/355659-is-the-current-brazil-team-the-best-of-alltime|title=Is the current Brazil team the best of all-time?|date=2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416110844/http://www.givemesport.com/355659-is-the-current-brazil-team-the-best-of-alltime|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> alitumia sehemu kubwa ya taaluma yake ya uchezaji katika klabu ya Italia ya [[AS Roma]], ambapo baadaye alihudumu kama nahodha, akitwaa ubingwa wa [[Serie A]] na klabu hiyo mnamo [[2000–01 Serie A|2001]]. Akipewa jina la utani la "'''Pluto'''" na mashabiki wa Roma,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ultimouomo.com/pluto-aldair-classe-e-lentezza/|title=Pluto Aldair: Classe e lentezza|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> ni mmoja wa wajumbe waliojumuishwa kwenye Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa klabu hiyo (AS Roma Hall of Fame).<ref name="AS Roma Hall of Fame">{{cite web|url=http://www.asroma.com/en/club/hall-of-fame|title=AS Roma Hall of Fame|publisher=AS Roma|access-date=16 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014240/http://www.asroma.com/en/club/hall-of-fame|archive-date=21 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] 6hxngx9xz5v9ow3lvti9m95avtyb27p 0 248518 1594579 2026-09-05T10:29:28Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Mauro Silva | jina_halisi = Mauro da Silva Gomes | picha = Maurosilva.png | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1968|1|12|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil | urefu = 1.77 m | nafasi = Kiungo wa ulinzi (Defensive midfielder) | miaka1 = 1987–1989 | vilabu1 = Guarani...' 1594579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Mauro Silva | jina_halisi = Mauro da Silva Gomes | picha = Maurosilva.png | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1968|1|12|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil | urefu = 1.77 m | nafasi = Kiungo wa ulinzi (Defensive midfielder) | miaka1 = 1987–1989 | vilabu1 = Guarani | mechi1 = 1 | magoli1 = 0 | miaka2 = 1990–1992 | vilabu2 = Bragantino | mechi2 = 61 | magoli2 = 0 | miaka3 = 1992–2005 | vilabu3 = Deportivo La Coruña | mechi3 = 369 | magoli3 = 1 | jumla_mechi = 431 | jumla_magoli = 1 | timu_taifa = Brazil | miaka_taifa = 1991–2001 | mechi_taifa = 59 | magoli_taifa = 0 | medali = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|BRA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1994 USA|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|1997 Bolivia|}} {{Medal|RU|1991 Chile|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]}} {{Medal|Third|1998 USA|}} }} '''Mauro da Silva Gomes''' (alizaliwa 12 Januari 1968), anayejulikana kama '''Mauro Silva''', ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Brazil]] aliyecheza kama [[kiungo]] mkabaji. Akichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji bora zaidi katika nafasi yake wakati wa miaka ya 1990, alijulikana kwa ustahimilivu wake, nguvu za mwili, ukabaji, uelewa wa kujiweka uwanjani na uongozi, pamoja na uwezo wa kunyang'anya mpira na kuleta urari kwa wachezaji wenzake wenye mtazamo wa kushambulia zaidi. Silva alitumia sehemu kubwa ya taaluma yake na klabu ya [[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo]], akijiunga na klabu hiyo ya Hispania mnamo 1992 na kuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi kilichojulikana kama ''(Super Dépor)''. Katika misimu yake 13 ndani ya ligi ya [[La Liga]], aliisaidia Deportivo kuwa miongoni mwa klabu zinazoongoza katika mpira wa miguu nchini Hispania, akicheza mechi 458 za ushindani na kufunga bao moja. Alishinda mataji makubwa sita akiwa na klabu hiyo, ikiwa ni pamoja na ubingwa wa [[1999–2000 La Liga]], na alistaafia hapo mnamo 2005.<ref name="What happened to">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.20minutos.es/quefuede/2008/12/18/quao-fue-de-mauro-silva/|title=Qué fue de… Mauro Silva|trans-title=What happened to… Mauro Silva|newspaper=[[20 minutos]]|language=es|date=18 December 2008|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=VOZ>{{cite news|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/torremarathon/2016/12/08/mauro-silva-me-retire-club-vida-suerte/00031481136399610530619.htm|title=Mauro Silva: "Me retiré en el club de mi vida y eso es una suerte"|trans-title=Mauro Silva: «I retired in the club of my life and that is fortunate»|newspaper=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|author=Alfonso Andrade|language=es|date=8 December 2016|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Silva aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Brazil mara 59. Alitengeneza ushirikiano imara wa ukabaji wa kiungo cha kati akishirikiana na [[Dunga]] wakati wa ubingwa wa Brazil katika kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1994, akitoa urari wa mbinu nyuma ya wachezaji wa timu hiyo waliokuwa na ubunifu zaidi wa kushambulia. Pia alionekana katika matoleo mawili ya mashindano ya [[Copa América]], akitwaa ubingwa huo mnamo [[1997 Copa América|1997]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Brazil]] lp6fwtqplga9cfvowr2hame0c97dr8d 1594584 1594579 2026-09-05T11:10:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1594584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Mauro Silva | jina_halisi = Mauro da Silva Gomes | picha = Maurosilva.png | ukubwawapicha = 220px | maelezo_ya_picha = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1968|1|12|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil | urefu = 1.77 m | nafasi = Kiungo wa ulinzi (Defensive midfielder) | miaka1 = 1987–1989 | vilabu1 = Guarani | mechi1 = 1 | magoli1 = 0 | miaka2 = 1990–1992 | vilabu2 = Bragantino | mechi2 = 61 | magoli2 = 0 | miaka3 = 1992–2005 | vilabu3 = Deportivo La Coruña | mechi3 = 369 | magoli3 = 1 | jumla_mechi = 431 | jumla_magoli = 1 | timu_taifa = Brazil | miaka_taifa = 1991–2001 | mechi_taifa = 59 | magoli_taifa = 0 | medali = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|BRA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|1994 USA|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Copa América]]}} {{Medal|W|1997 Bolivia|}} {{Medal|RU|1991 Chile|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CONCACAF Gold Cup]]}} {{Medal|Third|1998 USA|}} }} '''Mauro da Silva Gomes''' (alizaliwa 12 Januari 1968), anayejulikana kama '''Mauro Silva''', ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa kutoka [[Brazil]] aliyecheza kama [[kiungo]] mkabaji. Akichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji bora zaidi katika nafasi yake wakati wa miaka ya 1990, alijulikana kwa ustahimilivu wake, nguvu za mwili, ukabaji, uelewa wa kujiweka uwanjani na uongozi, pamoja na uwezo wa kunyang'anya mpira na kuleta urari kwa wachezaji wenzake wenye mtazamo wa kushambulia zaidi. Silva alitumia sehemu kubwa ya taaluma yake na klabu ya [[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo]], akijiunga na klabu hiyo ya Hispania mnamo 1992 na kuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi kilichojulikana kama ''(Super Dépor)''. Katika misimu yake 13 ndani ya ligi ya [[La Liga]], aliisaidia Deportivo kuwa miongoni mwa klabu zinazoongoza katika mpira wa miguu nchini Hispania, akicheza mechi 458 za ushindani na kufunga bao moja. Alishinda mataji makubwa sita akiwa na klabu hiyo, ikiwa ni pamoja na ubingwa wa [[1999–2000 La Liga]], na alistaafia hapo mnamo 2005.<ref name="What happened to">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.20minutos.es/quefuede/2008/12/18/quao-fue-de-mauro-silva/|title=Qué fue de… Mauro Silva|trans-title=What happened to… Mauro Silva|newspaper=[[20 minutos]]|language=es|date=18 December 2008|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=VOZ>{{cite news|url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/torremarathon/2016/12/08/mauro-silva-me-retire-club-vida-suerte/00031481136399610530619.htm|title=Mauro Silva: "Me retiré en el club de mi vida y eso es una suerte"|trans-title=Mauro Silva: «I retired in the club of my life and that is fortunate»|newspaper=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|author=Alfonso Andrade|language=es|date=8 December 2016|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Silva aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Brazil mara 59. Alitengeneza ushirikiano imara wa ukabaji wa kiungo cha kati akishirikiana na [[Dunga]] wakati wa ubingwa wa Brazil katika kombe la Dunia la FIFA 1994, akitoa urari wa mbinu nyuma ya wachezaji wa timu hiyo waliokuwa na ubunifu zaidi wa kushambulia. Pia alionekana katika matoleo mawili ya mashindano ya [[Copa América]], akitwaa ubingwa huo mnamo [[1997 Copa América|1997]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] b4kbjskawr0x6y7oo328gwidyltuy5w 0 248519 1594581 2026-09-05T10:52:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leonardo Del Vecchio''' ( [[22 Mei]] [[1935]] – [[27 Juni]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Luxottica, mzalishaji na muuzaji mkubwa zaidi wa miwani na muafaka duniani, na wafanyakazi 77,734 na zaidi ya maduka 8,000. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 24.1, mtu wa pili tajiri zaidi nchini Italia, na wa 54 duniani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.the...' 1594581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonardo Del Vecchio''' ( [[22 Mei]] [[1935]] – [[27 Juni]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Luxottica, mzalishaji na muuzaji mkubwa zaidi wa miwani na muafaka duniani, na wafanyakazi 77,734 na zaidi ya maduka 8,000. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 24.1, mtu wa pili tajiri zaidi nchini Italia, na wa 54 duniani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/from-laurene-powell-jobs-to-leonardo-del-vecchio-opportunity-knocks-for-the-world-s-richest-people-1.13639/|title=From Laurene Powell Jobs to Leonardo del Vecchio, opportunity knocks for the world's richest people {{!}} The National|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/luxottica-group/|title=Luxottica Group on the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies List|website=Forbes|access-date=2016-05-16}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Leonardo Del Vecchio alizaliwa tarehe 22 Mei 1935 huko [[Milano|Milan]], Italia, katika familia maskini kutoka [[Barletta]], Italia Kusini. Baba yake alikuwa mchuuzi wa mboga wa mitaani ambaye alifariki kabla ya kuzaliwa kwake na mama yake tayari alikuwa na watoto wengine wanne; alikulia katika makao ya yatima. Alianza kazi yake kama mwanafunzi wa fundi wa zana na vifaa huko Milan, lakini aliamua kugeuza ujuzi wake wa ufundi wa chuma kutengeneza sehemu za miwani. Mwaka 1961, alihamia Agordo katika mkoa wa Belluno, ambao ni makao ya sehemu kubwa ya tasnia ya miwani ya Italia. Kampuni mpya ilikuwa Luxottica s.a.s., ubia wenye dhima ndogo. Washirika wake walikuwa Francesco Da Cortà (1922–1981) na Vittorio Toscani (1927–1966) kutoka mkoa wa Cadore. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] o34icr8vkghumcsi0w1dcbzooshygtf 0 248520 1594586 2026-09-05T11:31:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Gideon Okello''' ([[26 Oktoba]] [[1937]] - [[1971]] hivi) alikuwa [[Wafanyakazi|mfanyakazi]] wa [[Uganda]] ambaye alihamia [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]] mwaka [[1959]] alipojiunga na [[Afro-Shirazi Party]]. [[Mwaka]] [[1964]] aliOngoza [[mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]] yaambayo yalimuondoa [[madaraka|madarakani]] [[sultani]] [[Jamshid bin Abdullah]] na kuangamiza [[Waarabu wa Tanzania|Waarabu]] wengi [[Unguja]] pamoja na kugeuza [[Zanzibar]] kuwa Jamhuri ya W...' 1594586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Gideon Okello''' ([[26 Oktoba]] [[1937]] - [[1971]] hivi) alikuwa [[Wafanyakazi|mfanyakazi]] wa [[Uganda]] ambaye alihamia [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]] mwaka [[1959]] alipojiunga na [[Afro-Shirazi Party]]. [[Mwaka]] [[1964]] aliOngoza [[mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]] yaambayo yalimuondoa [[madaraka|madarakani]] [[sultani]] [[Jamshid bin Abdullah]] na kuangamiza [[Waarabu wa Tanzania|Waarabu]] wengi [[Unguja]] pamoja na kugeuza [[Zanzibar]] kuwa [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa Zanzibar|jamhuri]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== *{{citation|last=Bakari|first=Mohammed Ali|title=The Democratisation Process in Zanzibar|year=2001|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9yCSamtUeiAC|isbn=3-928049-71-2}}. *{{citation|last=Clayton|first=Anthony|title=Frontiersmen:Warfare in Africa since 1950|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zg5hipdurBkC|isbn=1-85728-525-5}}. *{{citation|last1=Kalley|first1=Jacqueline Audrey|last2=Schoeman|first2=Elna|last3=Andor|first3=Lydia Eve|title=Southern African Political History|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|isbn=0-313-30247-2}}. *{{citation|last1=Okello|first1=John|title=Revolution in Zanzibar|year=1967|publisher=East African Publishing House|location=Nairobi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1R0AAAAMAAJ}}. *{{citation|last=Parsons|first=Timothy|title=The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoLbjlIYLzwC|isbn=0-325-07068-7}}. * {{citation |last=Petterson |first=Don |year=2002 |title=Revolution In Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=0813339499}}. *{{citation|last=Plekhanov|first=Sergey|title=A Reformer on the Throne: Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said|year=2004|publisher=Trident Press Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-U8BL-tEPLwC|isbn=1-900724-70-7}}. *{{citation|last1=Sheriff|first1=Abdul|last2=Ferguson|first2=Ed|title=Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule|year=1991|publisher=[[James Currey]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxUCbQeKjogC|isbn=0-85255-080-4}}. *{{citation|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|year=2005|publisher=CRC Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|isbn=1-57958-245-1}}. *{{Cite journal|mode=cs2|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964|url=http://eprints.nuim.ie/archive/00000841/|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|year=2007|doi=10.1080/03086530701337666|via=Taylor & Francis Online|last1=Speller|first1=Ian|volume=35|issue=2|pages=283–302|s2cid=159656717|url-access=subscription}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okello, John}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Category:waliofariki 1971]] [[Category:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:watu wa historia ya Tanzania]] lfli8e1mwd3apyf5wfn16zy7bavnz9f 1594589 1594586 2026-09-05T11:56:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Gideon Okello''' ([[26 Oktoba]] [[1937]] - [[1971]] hivi) alikuwa [[Wafanyakazi|mfanyakazi]] wa [[Uganda]] ambaye alihamia [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]] mwaka [[1959]] alipojiunga na [[Afro-Shirazi Party]] ili kuweka [[uongozi]] mikononi mwa [[Waafrika]], ambao ndio wengi katika [[funguvisiwa la Zanzibar]] (230,000 hivi). [[Mwaka]] [[1964]] aliongoza [[mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]] ambayo yalimuondoa [[madaraka|madarakani]] [[sultani]] [[Jamshid bin Abdullah]] na kuangamiza [[Waarabu wa Tanzania|Waarabu]] na [[Wahindi wa Tanzania|Wahindi]] wengi [[Unguja]] pamoja na kugeuza [[Zanzibar]] kuwa [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa Zanzibar|jamhuri]]. ==Siasa yake== [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] ulikuwa umepewa na [[Uingereza]] [[uhuru]] wake mwaka [[1963]]. Kabla ya hapo, Waarabu walikuwa wamefaulu kudumisha katika mfululizo wa [[Uchaguzi|chaguzi]] [[utawala]] waliokuwa nao tangu zamani za Zanzibar kuwa chini ya Usultani kutoka [[Omani]]. [[Chama cha kisiasa|Chama]] cha Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), kilichowakilisha hasa Waafrika, kilipoona kwamba [[bunge|bungeni]] kina viti vichache ingawa kilipata 54% za [[kura]] katika uchaguzi wa Julai [[1963]], kilipatana na chama cha mrengo wa kushoto [[Umma Party (Zanzibar)|Umma Party]]. Tarehe 12 Januari 1964 asubuhi na mapema, John Okello aliongoza wanamapinduzi 600–800 wa [[kisiwa]] kikuu cha Unguja kushinda [[polisi]] wa nchi na kuteka [[silaha]] zao. Halafu walielekea [[Mji Mkongwe]] walipompindua Sultani Jamshid bin Abdullah na [[serikali]] yake. Waliokufa katika mapigano wamekadiriwa kuwa 80 hivi tu. Kumbe yalifuata kwa siku kadhaa (labda hadi tarehe [[20 Januari]]) [[maangamizi ya kimbari]] dhidi ya wakazi wenye asili ya Kiarabu (waliokuwa 50,000 hivi) na ya [[Asia Kusini]] (waliokuwa 20,000 hivi); hakuna hakika kuhusu [[idadi]] ya waliouawa: [[kadirio|makadirio]] yanataja kuanzia [[mia]] kadhaa hadi 20,000<ref name="nyt19jan">{{citation|last=Conley|first=Robert|title=Nationalism Is Viewed as Camouflage for Reds | newspaper=The New York Times|page=1|date=19 January 1964|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/19/nationalism-is-viewed-as-camouflage-for-redstoll-2000-to-4000.html}}</ref><ref name="latimes">{{Citation|title=Slaughter in Zanzibar of Asians, Arabs Told|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|page=4|date=20 January 1964|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|access-date=16 April 2009|archive-date=16 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116131907/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mbali ya mauaji, wafuasi wa Okello walibaka maelfu ya wanawake.{{sfn|Petterson|2002|page=65}} Ndani ya wiki chache, asilimia 20 ya wakazi walikuwa wamekufa au kukimbia.<ref>{{citation|last=Minahan|first=James|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z|date=2002 |pages=2088–2089|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313323843}}</ref> na kubomoa majengo. Kiongozi wa ASP [[Abeid Karume]], asiyekuwa na [[Itikadi kali|msimamo mkali]] akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa nchi, na wanachama wa Umma Party walipewa nafasi serikalini. Kufikia Machi Okello alikuwa ameshawekwa pembeni na kufikia Aprili kikosi chake kimeshanyang'anywa silaha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/kilichomponza-okello-baada-ya-kuongoza-mapinduzi-2948368|title=Kilichomponza Okello baada ya kuongoza Mapinduzi|date=17 Mac 2021|website=www.mwananchi.co.tz|accessdate=22 Nov 2022}}</ref>. == Mapinduzi kwa kinaganaga== Mnamo majira ya saa 9:00 usiku wa tarehe 12 Januari 1964, waasi 600–800 wenye silaha duni, wengi wao wakiwa Waafrika, wakisaidiwa na baadhi ya waliokuwa askari polisi waliofutwa kazi hivi karibuni, walishambulia vituo vya polisi vya Unguja ili kukamata silaha, kisha wakashambulia kituo cha redio. Okello alimshambulia mlinzi wa polisi binafsi, akamnyang'anya bunduki yake, na akaitumia kumchoma polisi huyo kwa kutumia visu hadi akafa. Wakiwa wamejihami kwa mamia ya bunduki za kiotomatiki zilizokamatwa, bunduki ndogo ndogo na bunduki za Bren, waasi hao walichukua udhibiti wa majengo muhimu ya mji mkuu, [[Mji Mkongwe]]. Karibu saa 7:00 asubuhi, Okello alitoa matangazo yake ya kwanza ya redio kutoka kituo cha redio cha eneo hilo ambacho wafuasi wake walikuwa wamekikamata saa mbili zilizopita, akiwataka Waafrika kuinuka na kuwapindua "mabeberu". Wakati huo, Okello alijiita tu Fashili. Kulikuwa na uvumi mwingi Zanzibar kuhusu utambulisho wa mtu huyu wa ajabu aliyeongoza mapinduzi, ambaye alizungumza Kiswahili kwa lafudhi nzito ya [[Kiacholi]] ya Uganda ambayo haikujulikana Zanzibar. Ndani ya saa sita baada ya kuzuka kwa uhasama, ofisi ya telegrafu ya mji na majengo makuu ya serikali yalikuwa chini ya udhibiti wa mapinduzi, na uwanja pekee wa ndege kisiwani ulikamatwa saa 8:18 jioni. Huko mashambani, mapigano yalikuwa yamezuka kati ya Wamanga, kama Waarabu wa vijijini walivyoitwa, na Waafrika. Wamanga walikuwa na silaha nyingi za uwindaji, na mara tu silaha zilizochukuliwa kutoka vituo vya polisi zilipowafikia waasi mashambani, Wamanga waliangamia. Inadaiwa na mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani Don Petterson, aliyekuwa akiishi Zanzibar wakati huo, kwamba upinzani mkali zaidi ulikuwa katika kituo cha polisi cha [[Malindi (Zanzibar)|Malindi]], ambapo chini ya amri ya Kamishna wa Polisi JM Sullivan (polisi wa Uingereza ambaye alibaki hadi mtu mwingine wa eneo hilo aweze kuajiriwa), mashambulizi yote ya waasi yalizuiwa, hasa kwa sababu waasi walikuwa na tabia ya kurudi nyuma kila waliposhambuliwa. Sullivan hakusalimisha kituo cha Malindi hadi alasiri na baada tu ya risasi kuishiwa. Kama Sullivan alivyodai, aliongoza jeshi lake lote (hakuna polisi hata mmoja aliyeuawa au kujeruhiwa) hadi kwenye gati la Mji Mkongwe ili kupanda boti zilizowapeleka kwenye meli ''Salama'' ili waende mbali na Zanzibar. ==Kifo== Mnamo Machi 1964 Okello alizuiwa asirudi Zanzibar kutoka [[Tanganyika]]. Baadaye aliishi tena [[Kenya]] na hatimaye Uganda ambayo inadhaniwa aliuawa na [[dikteta]] [[Idi Amin]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== *{{citation|last=Bakari|first=Mohammed Ali|title=The Democratisation Process in Zanzibar|year=2001|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9yCSamtUeiAC|isbn=3-928049-71-2}}. *{{citation|last=Clayton|first=Anthony|title=Frontiersmen:Warfare in Africa since 1950|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zg5hipdurBkC|isbn=1-85728-525-5}}. *{{citation|last1=Kalley|first1=Jacqueline Audrey|last2=Schoeman|first2=Elna|last3=Andor|first3=Lydia Eve|title=Southern African Political History|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|isbn=0-313-30247-2}}. *{{citation|last1=Okello|first1=John|title=Revolution in Zanzibar|year=1967|publisher=East African Publishing House|location=Nairobi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1R0AAAAMAAJ}}. *{{citation|last=Parsons|first=Timothy|title=The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoLbjlIYLzwC|isbn=0-325-07068-7}}. * {{citation |last=Petterson |first=Don |year=2002 |title=Revolution In Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=0813339499}}. *{{citation|last=Plekhanov|first=Sergey|title=A Reformer on the Throne: Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said|year=2004|publisher=Trident Press Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-U8BL-tEPLwC|isbn=1-900724-70-7}}. *{{citation|last1=Sheriff|first1=Abdul|last2=Ferguson|first2=Ed|title=Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule|year=1991|publisher=[[James Currey]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxUCbQeKjogC|isbn=0-85255-080-4}}. *{{citation|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|year=2005|publisher=CRC Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|isbn=1-57958-245-1}}. *{{Cite journal|mode=cs2|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964|url=http://eprints.nuim.ie/archive/00000841/|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|year=2007|doi=10.1080/03086530701337666|via=Taylor & Francis Online|last1=Speller|first1=Ian|volume=35|issue=2|pages=283–302|s2cid=159656717|url-access=subscription}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okello, John}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Category:waliofariki 1971]] [[Category:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:watu wa historia ya Tanzania]] dj35hgpvydikixs2pr9jspumq4g3j5p