Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1163 1594757 1246454 2026-09-06T11:03:57Z Andre Engels 29 merge 1594757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Kuki ya HTTP}} [[Faili:HTTP logo.svg|alt=Picha ya kuki|thumb|Logo ya kuki ya HTTP]] '''Kuki''' ni tafsiri ya muda<ref>Pendekezo la "kuki" limepelekwa mbele na Mradi wa Kilinux (Linux na Open Office kwa Kiswahili) wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]]. Mradi wa kampuni ya Microsoft ya kuswahilisha programu ya "Windows" umependekeza kutumia neno "kidakuzi" pamoja na "kuki".</ref> ya neno la [[Kiingereza]] '''cookie''', ambalo maana yake asili ni ''biskuti'' au [[keki]] ndogo, lakini katika [[utarakilishi]] linatumika ili [[kompyuta]] yenye kurasa za [[tovuti]] iweze kuwasaliana na watazamaji. Programu za tovuti hizi zinahifadhi habari kadhaa za mtazamaji au mtumiaji (k.m. jina la mtumiaji, [[neno la siri]], ruhusa, mapendekezo) kwenye kompyuta ya mtazamaji mwenyewe<ref>[https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-privacy-what-are-cookies.html What are computer cookies?]. Tovuti ya us.norton.com, iliangaliwa Desemba 2021</ref>. Hivi mtazamaji anatambuliwa kila wakati anaingia kwenye tovuti hii. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.kilinux.udsm.ac.tz/kiblog/sw_TZ_glossary_klnX_1.html Orodha ya maneno ya tarakishi ya mradi wa Kilinux kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kilinux.udsm.ac.tz/kiblog/sw_TZ_glossary_klnX_1.html |date=20070315122634 }} [[Jamii:Intaneti]] 7wqagwtif3594lg8v9opkvfk0k8s8kf 0 29262 1594759 1481083 2026-09-06T11:08:44Z Andre Engels 29 merge 1594759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Kompyuta Mtandao}} [[Faili:Internet map 1024.jpg|thumb|uanishaji wa matandao ya kompyuta]] '''Mtandao wa kompyuta''' ni kundi la [[kompyuta]] ambazo zimeunganishwa kwa madhumuni ya [[mawasiliano]]. Mitandao yaweza kupangwa kulingana na sifa mbalimbali Makala haya yanatoa maelezo ya ujumla ya baadhi ya aina na makundi ya mtandao. Pia inatoa msingi wa vipengele vya mtandao. Mtandao wa kompyuta unaojulikana zaidi ukiwa pia mkubwa kabisa ni [[intaneti]] lakini kuna mitandao Mingi. == Utangulizi == Mtandao wa kompyuta huruhusu mawasiliano kati ya kompyuta na kompyuta nyingine nyingi na kuwezesha ushirikiano wa [[rasilimali]] na [[habari]] baina ya kompyuta. "Advanced Research Projects Agency" (ARPA) ilifadhili mpango wa "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) inayotumiwa na Idara ya Ulinzi huko [[Marekani]]. Ulikuwa mtandao wa kompyuta wa kwanza kutumika [[duniani]]. Kuundwa kwa mtandao kulianza [[mwaka]] [[1969]], kwa kuzingatia miundo iliyoanzwa katika [[miaka ya 1960]]. == Uainishaji wa mitandao == Orodha ifuatayo yatoa makundi yanayotumika kwa uainishaji wa mitandao. === Mbinu ya uunganishaji === Mitandao ya kompyuta pia yaweza kuainishwa kulingana na vifaa vya programu kiteknolojia ambayo hutumiwa kwa kuunganisha vifaa katika mtandao, kama [[nyaya za optiki]], [[Ethernet]], [[LAN isiyotumia nyaya]], [[HomePNA]], [[Nyaya za nguvu ya mawasiliano]] au [[G.hn.]] Ethernet hutumia nyaya kuunganisha vifaa. Vifaa vinavyotumika mara kwa mara ni pamoja na mahabu, swichi, madaraja na / au ruta. Teknolojia ya LAN inayotumia nyaya imeundwa kwa kuunganisha vifaa bila kuweka nyaya. Vifaa hivi hutumia [[mawimbi ya redio]] au [[miale ya Infrared]]kama njia ya kuwasilisha ujumbe. [[Teknolojia ya ITU-T G.hn]] inatumia nyaya zilizowekwa nyumbani [[(Waya wa Koaxial ]], nyaya za simu na [[]]nyaya za nguvu za umeme kuunda mtandao wa kieneo wenye kasi (karibu 1 Gigabits/s). ===Teknolojia ya Kutumia Nyaya=== ''Waya jozi uliopindwa'' - Hii ndiyo njia inayotumika sana kwa mawasiliano. Waya jozi uliopidwa ni nyaya za kawaida za simu ambazo zinahusisha nyaya mbili za shaba zilizopindwa na ambazo zimewekwa kizuizi na hutumika kwa upeperushaji wa sauti na data pamoja. Matumizi ya nyaya mbili zilizopindwa pamoja husaidia kupunguza [[madhara yasiyofaa]] na [[uharibifu utokanao na nguvu za usumakumeme.]] Kasi ya upeperushi huwa kutoka biti milioni 2 kwa sekunde moja hadi biti milioni 100 kwa sekunde moja. ''Waya wa Koaxial'' - Hizi ni nyaya zinazotumika sana kwa televisheni za mfumo wa waya, majengo ya ofisi, na makao mengine ya kazi ya mitandao ya kieneo. Nyaya hizi zimeundwa kwa shaba au alumini na kufungwa pamoja kwa tabaka la kifaa kinama na ambacho kina uwezo mkubwa wa kidielekitiki. Kizuizi cha tabaka husaidia kupunguza kuingiliwa na kuvurugwa.Kasi ya Upeperushi huwa kutoka milioni 200 na zaidi ya biti milioni 500 kwa sekunde moja. ''Nyaya za Optiki'' - Nyaya hizi huundwa kwa uzi au nyuzi nyepesi sana za nyuzi za kioo ambazo zimefungwa katika tabaka la kinga. Hupeperusha mwangaza ambao unaweza kusafiri umbali mrefu na wa upana mkubwa. Nyuzi za optiki haziathiriwi na miale ya mnururisho wa usmakumeme. Kasi ya upeperushaji yaweza kwenda hadi biti zaidi ya trilioni kwa sekunde moja. Kasi ya nyuzi za optiki huwa mara mia zaidi kuliko nyaya za Koaxial na mara zaidi ya elfu kwa kasi, kuliko waya-jozi uliopindwa. ===Teknolojia isiyotumia nyaya=== ''Mawimbi madogo ya Nchi kavu'' - Mawimbi madogo ya nchi kavu hutumia vifaa vya upeperushaji na upokeaji vilivyo duniani. Vifaa hivi hufanana na sahani za satelaiti. Mawimbi madogo ya Nchi kavu hutumia vitengo vya gigahertz za chini ambazo hufupisha mawasiliano kuwa kwenye upeo wa macho. Njia za kati za vituo vya upeperushaji huwa zimeachana kwa maili 30 kati yake. Antena za mawimbi madogo kawaida huwekwa juu ya majengo, minara, vijilima, na vilele vya milima. ''Mawasiliano ya Satelaiti'' - Satelaiti hutumia mawimbi madogo ya redio kama njia yake ya mawasiliano ambayo hayapindwi na anga ya dunia. Satelaiti huwekwa katika anga, karibu maili 22,000 juu ya ikweta. Mifumo hii inayozunguka-Dunia huwa na uwezo wa kupokea na kupeperusha sauti, data, na siginali za TV. ''Mifumo ya Cellular na PCS '' - Hutumia teknolojia ya mawasiliano kadhaa ya redio. Mifumo hii imegawanyika kwa maeneo tofauti ya kijiografia. Kila eneo lina kipeperushi cha nguvu ya chini au mlingoti wa upokezi wa redio ambao hupokea na kupokeza simu kutoka kwa eneo moja hadi lingine. ''LAN zisizotumia nyaya '' - mtandao wa kieneo usiotumia nyaya hutumia teknolojia ya redio yenye masafa ya juu ufananao na cellular ya digitali na teknolojia ya redio ya masafa ya chini. LAN zisizotumia nyaya hutumia teknolojia ya spectrum kuwezesha mawasiliano kati ya vifaa vingi katika eneo dogo. Mfano wa teknolojia ya wawimbi ya redio na isiyotumia nyaya na iliyo na uwazi wa wastani ni IEEE 802.11b. ''Bluetooth'' - Hii ni teknologia ya umbali wa karibu. Hufanya kazi kwa karibu 1Mbps na kitengo cha mita 10-100. Bluetooth ni mtandao wa itifaki zilizowazi na zinazotumia waya, unaotumika kwa kubadilishana data kwenye umbali mfupi. ''Wavuti isiyotumia nyaya '' - wavuti isiyotumia nyaya inahusu matumizi ya wavuti kupitia kwa vifaa kama simu za cellular, pagers, PDAs, na vifaa vingine vya mawasiliano vinavyobebwa. Huduma ya wavuti isiyotumia nyaya hutolewa na kuunganisha watu wakati wowote / mahali popote. === Kipimo === Mitandao mara nyingi huainishwa kama Mtandao wa Tarafa, (Local Area Network )[[(LAN)]], Wa Eneo Kubwa ,(Wide Area Network) [[(Wan)]],Eneo la Mjini, (Metropolitan Area Network) [[(MAN)]], Mtandao wa Eneo la Kibinafsi,( Personal Area Network )[[(PAN)]], Mtandao wa Kifaragha, (Virtual Private Network) [[(VPN)]], Mtandao wa Eneo la Chuo, (Campus Area Network) [[(CAN)]], Mtandao wa Eneo la kuhifadhi Bidhaa, (Storage Area Network )[[(SAN)]], nk. kutegemea na kiwango chake, upeo na kusudi. Matumizi, uaminifu na haki za upatikanaji mara nyingi hutofautiana kati ya aina hizi za mtandao - kwa mfano, LAN yaelekea huundwa kwa ajili ya matumizi ya ndani kwa ndani, wa mifumo ya ndani ya shirika na wafanyakazi katika maeneo ya makazi yao binafsi {kama vile jengo), wakati, WANs inaweza kuunganisha pamoja sehemu zilizo tofauti za shirika moja, na pengine pia kuunganisha vikundi vinginevyo vya tabaka la tatu. === Uhusiano wa utendaji (usanifu wa mtandao) === Mitandao ya kompyuta inaweza kuainishwa kulingana na uhusiano wa utendaji uliopo miongoni mwa vifaa vya '''mtandao,''' mfano, [[Shughuli za mtandao (Active Networking), huduma-kwa mtumiaji (Client-server)]] na [[usanifu wa rika kwa rika (Peer-to-peer)]] (kundi la utendaji kazi). === Topolojia ya Mtandao === Mitandao ya kompyuta inaweza kuainishwa kulingana na [[topolojia ya mtandao]]ambayo huwa msingi wa mtandao, kama [[mtandao wa bus, , mtandao wa Kinyota, mtandao wa pete, mtandao wa meshi, na mtandao wa kinyota-bus, mti au mtandao wa topolojia ya moja kwa moja.]] Aina ya Mtandao inaashiria njia ambayo vifaa katika mtandao hupata mantiki katika mpangilio wa uhusiano wa kimoja kwa kingine. Matumizi ya neno "mantiki" hapa ni muhimu. Kwamba aina ya mtandao haitegemei mpangilio halisi wa mtandao. Hata kama kompyuta zilizounganishwa kwa mtandao zimewekwa mkabala kwa safu, kama zimeunganishwa na kupitia habu, huo mtandao una aina ya Kinyota, badala ya aina ya basi. Kwa njia hii,sifa zinazoonekana na zile za kiutenda kazi za mtandao ni bainifu; aina ya mantiki ya mtandao si muhimu kwa namna moja katika mpangilio halisi. Mitandao inaweza kuainishwa kuzingatia utaratibu wa data unaotumiwa kuwasilisha data, hizi ni pamoja na mtandao wa Digitali na Analogi. == Aina za mitandao == Chini ni orodha ya aina ya mitandao ya kompyuta inayotumika sana iliyopangwa kulingana na ukumbwa. === Mtandao wa kieneo wa kibinafsi === A [[Mtandao wa kieneo wa kibinafsi]] (PAN) ni mtandao wa kompyuta unaotumiwa kwa mawasiliano kati ya vifaa vya kompyuta vilivyo karibu na mtu mmoja. Baadhi ya mifano ya vifaa ambavyo hutumika katika PAN ni kompyuta binafsi, machine ya kuchapisha, mashine ya faksi, simu, PDAs, skana, na hata michezo ya video. PAN kama hii yaweza kuhusisha unganisho la nyaya au lisilotumia nyaya kati ya vifaa. PAN ina upeo wa angalau futi 20-30 (karibu mita 6-9), lakini hii inatarajiwa kuongezeka kwa maboresho ya teknolojia. === Mtandao wa eneo la karibu === [[Mtandao wa eneo la karibu]] (LAN) ni mtandao wa kompyuta unaovusha katika eneo ndogo, kama vile nyumba, ofisi, au kikundi kidogo cha majengo, kama vile shule, au uwanja wa ndege. LAN zinazotumia nyaya kwa sasa huwa zimeundwa kwa teknolojia ya [[Ethernet]], ingawa viwango mpya kama [[ITU-T G.hn]] pia hutoa njia ya kuunda LAN zinazotumia nyaya zikitumia nyaya zilizo nyumbani (nyaya za Koaxial , nyaya za simu na nyaya za umeme) <ref>[http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Global+Standard+For+Fully+Networked+Home.aspx Usanifu mpya wa kimataifa wa mtandao wa nyumbani ulio kamilifu,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Global+Standard+For+Fully+Networked+Home.aspx |date=20090221090736 }}Toleo la kitengo cha habari cha ITU-T</ref> Kwa mfano, maktaba yaweza kuwa na LAN inayotumia au isiyotumia nyaya kwa kuunganisha vifaa vilivyo karibu (kama, mitambo ya kupiga chapa na seva) na kuunganisha na mtandao.. Katika LAN itumiayo nyaya, KompyutaPC kwenye maktaba kawaida huunganishwa na [[kikundi cha jamii ya waya cha 5 (Cat5), ]]ikitumia itifaki ya 802.3 IEEE katika mfumo wa vifaa vilvyounganishwa pamoja na hatimaye kuunganishwa kwenye mtandao. Nyaya za seva kawaida huwa kutoka kwa kikundi cha nyaya zilizoongezwa nguvu za 5e, ambazo hutumia IEEE 802.3 katika 1 Gbit / s. LAN isiyotumia nyaya yaweza kutumia itifaki tofauti ya IEEE i, 802.11b, 802.11g au pengine 802.11n. Kompyuta za wafanyikazi (angavu kwa kijani kibichi katika mchoro) zaweza kutumia mtambo wa kuchapisha ([[printa]]) kwa rangi tofauti, itazame rekodi, na mtandao wa kiakademia ''na'' wavuti. Kompyuta za watumiaji zaweza kupata wavuti na orodha ya kadi. Kila kundi la ufanyikazi laweza kufikia machine yao ya kuchapisha- printa ya eneo lao. Zingatia kuwa machine ya kuchapisha haiwezi kutumika na kikundi kilicho nje ya kundi lao la ufanyikazi wake. [[Picha:NETWORK-Library-LAN.png|thumb|250px|Maktaba ya kawaida ya mtandao, katika topolojia ya matawi na udhibiti wa kupata rasilimali]] Vifaa vyote vilivyounganishwa lazima vielewe tabaka la mtandao (tabaka la 3), kwa sababu zinashughulikia vitanzu vingi (rangi tofauti). Wale walio ndani ya maktaba, iliyo na uunganisho la Ethernet la 10/100 Mbit / s tu na kuunganishwa na vifaa vya mtumiaji na uunganisho la Ethernet Gigabit kwa ruta kuu, wanaweza kuitwa " Swichi za safu ya 3" kwa sababu wana kusano la Ethernet tu na lazima ielewe [[IP.]] Itakuwa sahihi zaidi kuwaita ruta za uunganisho, ambapo ruta sasa ipo juu ya usambazaji wa wavuti na mitandao ya kielimu' ruta za kuunganisha wateja. Sifa bainifu za LAN, tofauti zake WANs(Mitando ya maeno pana), ni pamoja na kupeleka data kwa kasi ya juu sana, eneo ndogo la kijiografia, na ukosefu wa haja ya mawasiliano ya nyaya zilizokodishwa. Kwa sasa Ethernet au LAN za teknolojia ya [[802.3 IEEE]] hufanya kazi kwa kazi ya hadi 10 Gbit / s. Hiki ndicho kiwango cha kupeleka data. [[IEEE]] ina miradi ya uchunguzi ya kuweka kitengo cha 40 na 100 Gbit / s. [ <ref>[5] ^ [http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/ Kundi la ufanya kazi wa Ethernet ya IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb / s na 100Gb / s ]</ref> === Mtandao wa eneo la bewa === Mtandao wa eneo la bewa (CAN) ni mtandao wa kompyuta unaoundwa kwa kuunganisha mitandao ya maeneo ya karibu (LANs) kwenye eneo ndogo la kijiografia. Unaweza kuchukuliwa kama aina mojawapo ya mitandao ya eneo la mijini, hususani kwa mpangilio wa kitaaluma. Katika mandhari ya chuo kikuu, mtandao wa bewa uliojikita katika mtandao wa eneo la bewa, unauwezekano wa kuunganisha majengo ya bewa yakiwemo; Idara za kitaaluma , maktaba ya chuo kikuu na nyumba za maakazi za wanafunzi. Mtandao wa eneo la bewa ni mkubwa kuliko mtandao wa eneo la karibu lakini ni mdogo kuliko mtandao wa eneo pana (WAN) (katika baadhi ya mandhari). Lengo kuu la mtandao wa eneo la bewa ni kuwawezesha wanafunzi wa chuo kikuu kupata wavuti na rasilimali za chuo kikuu. Huu ni mtandao unaounganisha LAN mbili au zaidi pamoja lakini iliyo tu kwa eneo maalum la kijiografia kama bewa la chuo, ukumbi wa viwanda, jengo la ofisi, au kambi ya kijeshi. A CAN inaweza kuonekana kama aina ya MAN (mtandao wa eneo la mji mkuu), lakini kwa ujumla inahusisha eneo ndogo kuliko MAN. Neno hili mara nyingi hutumika kujadili utekelezaji wa mitandao kwa eneo la mpaka mmoja. Hili halipaswi kukanganywa na [[Mtandao wa Eneo la udhibiti.]] LAN huunganisha vifaa vya mtandao kwa umbali mfupi. Jengo la ofisi, shule, au nyumba zenye mtandao kwa kawaida huwa na LAN moja, ingawa wakati mwingine jengo laweza kuwa na LAN chache ndogo(labda moja kwa kila chumba), na mara kwa mara LAN itafuturi kwa kundi la majengo ya karibu. === Mtandao wa eneo la mji mkuu === [[Mtandao wa eneo la mji mkuu]] (MAN) ni mtandao unaounganisha mitandao miwili au zaidi ya eneo la karibu au mitandao ya eneo la kampasi pamoja lakini haina upana nje ya mipaka ya mji/jiji. Ruta, Swichi au habu huunganishwa ili kuunda mtandao wa eneo la mji mkuu. === Mtandao wa eneo pana === [[Mtandao wa eneo pana]] (Wan) ni mtandao wa kompyuta unaotanda kwa eneo pana (yaani mtandao wowote wa viungo vya mawasiliano vinavyopita jiji kuu, kikanda, au mipaka ya kitaifa [1]). Kwa njia isiyo rasmi WAN ni mtandao unaotumia ruta na viungo vya mawasiliano ya umma. Tofauti na mitandao wa kieneo ya kibinafsi (Pans),mitandao ya eneo la karibu (LANs),mitandao ya eneo la kampasi (CANs), au mitandao ya eneo la Jiji kuu (Mans), ambayo kwa kawaida ina ukadirifu wa chumba, jengo, kampasi au eneo maalum (mfano, mji) kwa mpangilio huo. Mfano wa WAN unaojulikana kwa wengi na kwa ukubwa ni wavuti. Wan ni mtandao wa mawasiliano wa data uliotanda kwa eneo pana la kijiografia (yaani mji mmoja hadi mwingine na nchi moja kwenda nchi nyingine) na ya kwamba mara nyingi hutumia vifaa vya upokezi vinavyotolewa na vifaa vya uchukuzi vya kawaida, kama kampuni za simu. Teknolojia ya Wan kwa ujumla hufanya kazi katika tabaka tatu za chini za [[Kielelezo cha kumbukumbu cha OSI: ]]tabaka la mahali halisia, [[tabaka la kiungo cha data]] na [[tabaka la mtandao.]] === Mtandao wa eneo la kimataifa === Ainisho bainifu la mitandao ya ulimwengu (GAN) (angalia pia [[IEEE 802,20)]] lipo katika harakati za ujenzi na vikundi kadhaa, na hakuna ufasili wa aina moja. Kwa ujumla, hata hivyo, GAN ni muundo wa kusaidia mawasiliano ya sabili katika LAN zisizotumia nyaya, maeneo yaliyogubikwa na satelaiti, nk.Changamoto muhimu katika mawasiliano ya sabili ni "kupokeza" mawasiliano ya mtumiaji kutoka eneo moja hadi lifuatalo. Katika Mradi wa IEEE 802, hii inahusisha mfululizo wa [[mitandao ya maeneo ya karibu isiyotumia nyaya (WLAN)]] ya [[nchi kavu]] .<ref>[6] ^ [http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/20/ Unganisho la Mobie Broadband Wireless (Mbwa)]</ref> === Mtandao dhahania wa kibinafsi === [[Mtandao dhahania wa kibinafsi]] (VPN) ni mtandao wa kompyuta ambao baadhi ya viungo katikati mwa vitengo hubebwa kwa unganisho lililowazi au mzungusho wa dhahania katika baadhi ya mitandao mikubwa (kwa mfano, wavuti) badala ya nyaya halisi. Itifaki za tabaka la kiungo cha data cha mtandao dhahania zinasemekana kupitishwa kwa mtandao mkubwa zikiwa katika mandhari haya. Mojawapo ya utendaji ni mawasiliano yaliyo salama kupitia kwa mtandao wa umma, lakini hamna haja VPN kuwa na vipengele vya usalama , kama vile uthibitishaji au usimbaji fiche wa maudhui. VPN, kwa mfano, inaweza kutumika kutofautisha mfuatano wa watumiaji wa jamii tofauti juu ya msingi wa mtandao na vipengele vya usalama. VPN yaweza kuwa na utendaji wa juhudi-bora, au yaweza kuwa na kiwango maalumu cha huduma cha mkataba wa (SLA) kati ya mteja wa VPN na mtoa huduma wa VPN. Kwa jumla, VPN ina topolojia kubwa zaidi kuliko ncha-kwa-ncha. VPN inaruhusu watumiaji wa kompyuta kuonekana kuhakiki kutoka kwa eneo la anwani ya IP mbali na ile halisi waliounganishwa nayo kwa mtandao. === Muungano wa Mitandao === [[Muungano wa mitandao]] ni unganisho la mitandao miwili ya kompuyta au zaidi tofauti au sehemu za mtandao kwa kutumia teknolojia ya kawaida ya uelekezaji (kwa kutumia ruta). Matokeo yanaitwa muungano wa mitandao (mara nyingi hujulikana kama mtandao). Mitandao miwili au zaidi au sehemu za mtandao huunganishwa kwa kutumia vifaa vinavyo fanya kazi katika tabaka ya 3 (tabaka la 'mtandao' ) ambayo ni kielelezo cha kumbukumbu cha OSI , kama vile ruta. Unganisho lolote kati au baina ya umma, kibinafsi, biashara, viwandani, au mitandao ya kiserikali pia inaweza kuelezewa kama muungano wa mitandao. Katika mazoezi ya kisasa, mitandao iliyounganishwa hutumia Itifaki za Wavuti. Kuna angalau aina tatu tofauti za muungano wa mitandao,kulingana na wanaoisimamia na ambao wanashiriki katika mitandao hii: * wavuti wa ndani * wavuti wa nje * mtandao Wavuti za ndani na wavuti za nje zinaweza au zisiweze kuwa na uhusiano na Mtandao. Ikiwa zimeunganishwa na mtandao, wavuti za ndani na wavuti za nje kwa kawaida hupewa ulinzi dhidi ya kutumiwa kutoka kwa wavuti bila ruhusa ifaayo. Mtandao hauchukuliwi kuwa sehemu ya wavuti wa ndani na wavuti wa nje, ingawa inaweza kutumika kama vipengele vya kutumia sehemu za wavuti za nje. ==== Wavuti wa ndani ==== [[wavuti wa ndani]] ni kundi la mitandao,inayotumia Itifaki za wavuti na zana za msingi za IP kama vile vivinjari na proglamu za uhamisho wa faili, amabazo zimo chini ya udhibiti wa utawala mmoja. Uti huu wa kiutawala hufunga wavuti wa ndani kwa wote isipokuwa tu kwa, watumiaji maalumu. Kwa kawaida,wavuti wa ndani ni mtandao wa ndani wa shirika. wavuti wa ndani kubwa kawaida angalau utakuwa na seva ya wavuti ili kutoa taarifa za shirika kwa watumiaji. ==== Wavuti wa nje ==== [[Wavuti wa nje]] ni mtandao au muugano wa mitandao ambao una upeo mdogo wa shirika moja au kitengo fulani lakini ambao pia una uhusiano mdogo na mtandao moja au mingine, lakini siyo lazima, ya mashirika yanayoaminika au kitengo fulani (mfano, wateja wa kampuni wanaweza kuwa wamepewa uwezo wa kupata baadhi ya wavuti wa ndani ya kampuni hii hivyo kwa njia hii kuunda wavuti wa nje, lakini wakati uo huo wateja wanaweza kutochukuliwa kama 'wanaoaminika' kutoka kwa upande wa usalama). Kitaalam, wavuti wa nje unaweza pia kujumuishwa kama CAN, MAN, WAN, au aina nyingine ya mtandao, ingawa, kwa ufafanuzi, wavuti wa nje hauwezi kuwa na LAN moja; ni lazima angalau uwe na uunganisho na mtandao wa nje. ==== Wavuti ==== [[Wavuti]] unahusu unganisho la ulimwengu la mitandao ya kiserikali, kitaaluma, umma, na kibinafsi juu ya teknolojia ya [[Mkusanyo wa Itifaki za Mtandao.]] Ni mwandamizi wa [[Advanced Research Projects Agency Network]] (ARPANET) iliyotengenezwa na [[DARPA]] wa [[Idara ya Ulinzi ya Marekani.]] Mtandao pia ni uti wa mgongo wa mawasiliano ya [[World Wide Web]] (WWW). 'Internet' kwa kawaida huaandikwa na kutajwa kwa herufi kubwa 'I' kama nomino sahihi, kwa sababu za kihistoria na kuitofautisha na muungano wa mitandao ya aina nyingine. Washiriki katika mitandao hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za safu ya kumbukumbu za mamia kadhaa, na mara nyingi,itifaki maalum zilizo sambamba na [[Mkusanyo wa Itifaki wa Mtandao (Internet Protocol Suit)]] na mfumo wa kutambulisha [[( Anwani za IP]] ) unasimamiwa na [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] na [[regista za anwani.]] Watoa huduma na mashirika makubwa hubadilishana habari kuhusu [[upatikanaji]] wa nafasi ya anwani zao kupitia kwa[[Border Gateway Protocol]] (BGP), na kutengeneza matandao wa njia za upokezi. == Sehemu msingi za tijara ngumu == Mitandao yote inaundwa kwa msingi matofali ya ujenzi ili kuunganisha kwa [[vipengele]]vya mtandao kama vile Kadi za kuunganisha na mtandao (NICs), Madaraja, Habu, Swichi, na Ruta. Aidha, mbinu ya kusaidia kuunganisha vipengele hivi inahitajika, kawaida katika mfumo wa waya wa galvani (kwa kawaida [[waya wa kundi la 5 ).]] Njia zisizotumika sana ni pamoja na viungo vya wawimbi madogo (kama katika [[IEEE 802,12)]] au waya wa optiki( [[" nyuzinyuzi za optiki").]] Kadi ya Ethernet yaweza pia kuhitajika. === Kadi za kuunganisha mtandao === [[Kadi ya mtandao ]], kibadili mtandao , au NIC (kadi ya kuunganisha mtandao) ni kipande cha [[tijara ngumu ya kompyuta]] iliyoundwa ili kuruhusu kompyuta kuwasiliana kwenye mtandao wa kompyuta. Hutoa utumizi halisia wa kiungo cha kati cha mitandao na mara nyingi hutoa ngazi ya chini ya mfumo wa utambulishi kwa kutumia [[anwani za MAC]]. === Vipaazi === [[Kipaazi]] ni kifaa cha [[eletroniki]] kinachopokea [[wawimbi]] na [[kuyapokeza]] na nguvu ya ngazi ya juu, au kwa upande mwingine wa kizuizi, ili wawimbi yaweze kufunika umbali mrefu bila ya uharibifu. Katika mipangilio mingi ya Ethernet ya nyaya jozi zilizopindwa, vipaazi vinahitajika kwa waya ambao unatamba zaidi ya mita 100. === Habu === [[Habu ya mtandao]] ina mashimo mengi. Wakati pakiti inafika kwenye shimo moja,huwa inaigwa kwa mashimo yote bila kubadilishwa kwa ajili ya kupokezwa. Anwani ya inakoenda katika fremu huwa haibadilishwi hadi kuwa anwani ya kutangaza. <ref>{{citation | last = Pountain | first = Dick | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The New Penguin Dictionary of Computing | publisher = Penguin Books | date= 2001 | location = New York | url = | doi = | id = ISBN 0-14-051437-6 }}</ref> === Madaraja === [[Daraja la mtandao]]huunganisha [[Vijisehemu]] vya [[mitandao]]mingi katika [[tabaka la kiungo data]] (tabaka la 2) cha [[kielelezo cha OSI .]] Madaraja huwa hayaigi kiholela trafiki yote kwa mashimo yote, kama habu zinavyofanya, lakini husoma ni [[anwani ipi ya MAc]]ambayo inaweza kufikiwa kwa shimo fulani. Mara baada ya daraja kuhusisha shimo na anwani fulani, litakuwa likituma trafiki kwa anwani hiyo tu kwa hilo shimo. Madaraja huwa yanatuma habari za utangazaji kwa mashimo yote isipokuwa tu kwa shimo ambamo habari zilipokelewa. Madaraja hujifunza uhusiano wa mashimo na anwani kwa kuchunguza anwani ya mwanzo ya fremu ambazo inaona kwa mashimo mbalimbali. Mara fremu zinapofika kwa kupitia shimo, anwani ya ilipotoka inahifadhiwa na daraja inadhania kwamba anwani hii ya MAC inahusishwa na shimo hili. Mara ya kwanza ambapo anwani shabaha ambayo haikuwa ikijulikana hapo awali inaonekana, daraja litawasilisha fremu hii kwa mashimo yote isipokuwa lile ambalo fremu iliwasili. Madaraja huwa katika aina tatu: # Madaraja ya kienyeji: Huuunganisha mitandao ya eneo la karibu (LANs) moja kwa moja # Madaraja ya mbali: Hutumiwa kujenga kiungo cha mtandao wa eneo pana (WAN) kati ya LAN nyingi. Madaraja ya mbali, ambapo viungo vya kuunganisha vina kasi ndogo kuliko mitandao ya mwisho, kwa kiasi kikubwa yamekuwa yakibadilishwa kwa ruta. # Madaraja yasiyotumia nyaya: Hutumika kuunganisha LAN au kuunganisha vituo vya mbali kwenye LAN === Swichi === [[Swichi ya mtandao]] ni kifaa ambacho hupokeza na kuchunga [[datagramu za tabaka la 2 la OSI]] (vijisehemu vya mawasiliano ya data) kati ya mashimo (nyaya zilizounganishwa) yenye msingi wa anwani za MAC kwenye pakiti. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/switch.html |title=Define switch. |publisher=www.webopedia.com |accessdate=2008-04-08 |archive-date=2020-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119100044/https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/switch.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hii inaitofautisha kutoka kwa habu kwa vile hupokeza pakiti kwa mashimo yale tu yanayohusika katika mawasiliano kuliko mashimo yote yaliyounganishwa. Kwa kihalisia, swichi haina uwezo wa kuendesha trafiki kwa kutumia misingi ya anwani za IP(tabaka la 3 la OSI )ambalo ni muhimu kwa mawasiliano kati ya vijisehemu vya mtandao au ndani ya LAN kubwa. Baadhi ya swichi zina uwezo wa kuendesha kwa misingi ya anwani za IP lakini bado zinaitwa Swichi kama jina la kisoko. Swichi kwa kawaida huwa na mashimo mengi, kwa nia kuwa mitandao mingi au yote imeunganishwa moja kwa moja kwenye swichi, au kwa swichi ambayo kisha inaunganishwa kwa swichi nyingine. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://networkbits.net/lan-components/local-area-network-lan-basic-components/ |title=Basic Components of a Local Area Network (LAN) |publisher=NetworkBits.net |accessdate=2008-04-08 |archivedate=2009-12-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212061111/http://networkbits.net/lan-components/local-area-network-lan-basic-components/ }}</ref> Swichi ni jina la kisoko ambalo linahusisha ruta na madaraja, na vile vile vifaa vyovyote ambavyo vinaweza kusambaza trafiki inapohitahika au kama maudhui ya mifumo (mfano, kitambulisho cha [[URL]] ya wavuti). Swichi zinazaweza kufanya kazi katika tabaka moja au zaidi kwenye [[kielelezo cha OSI]], likiwemo [[tabaka la kmahali halisia,kiungo data, mtandao]], au [[usari (yaani mwisho-kwa-mwisho).]] Kifaa kinachofanya kazi wakati huo huo kwenye tabaka zaidi ya moja huitwa [[swichi la tabaka nyingi.]] Kutilia maanani sana kwa ufafanuzi usiofaa wa neno "swichi" mara nyingi hupelekea kuchanganyikiwa wakati wa kwanza wa kujaribu kuelewa mitandao iliyoungaishwa. Wengi wa waundaji wa mitandao wenye uzoefu mkubwa na waendeshi hupendekeza kuanza kwa umantiki wa vifaa vinavyoshughulika na itifaki za ngazi moja tu, si zote ambazo zipo kwenye OSI. Kifaa cha tabaka tofauti ni mada ya juu ambayo inaweza kupelekea uchaguzi wa matumizi fulani, lakini dhana ya swichi za tabaka nyingi tofauti si muundo unaowezekana ulimwenguni. === Ruta === [[Ruta]] ni [[kifaa]] cha mtandao ambacho hupokeza [[pakiti]] kati ya mitandao kwa kutumia habari iliyopo kwenye vichwa vya itifaki na katika jendwali la upokezi kuamua ruta ifuatayo ya kila pakiti. Ruta hufanya kazi katika [[Tabaka la Mtandao]] la [[kielelezo cha OSi]]na [[Tabaka la Mtandao]] la [[TCP / IP|Tabaka la Mtandao]] la [[TCP / IP.]] == Angalia pia == {{commons}} {{wikiversity}} <div> * [[Sehemu ya upatikanaji]] * [[Mitandao yenye utendaji]] * [[Mitandao ya Bluetooth]] * [[Mshtiri-Seva]] * [[Mchoro wa Mtandao wa kompyuta]] * [[Utumizi wa Mitandao ya Kompyuta]] * [[Kifaa kinachotumika kwenye Mitandao ya kompyuta]] * [[Kompyuta inayotumika popote]] * [[Grafia panuzi]] * [[Historia ya Mtandao]] * [[Mtandao wa Nyumbani]] * [[Taasisi ya Elektroniki na Wahandisi wa Mausuala ya Elektroniki]] * [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Kusanifisha]] * [[Mtandao]] * [[Muungano wa Kimataifa wa Mawasiliano]] * [[Sekta ya Usanifu wa Mawasiliano]] * [[Ufuatiliaji wa Mtandao]] * [[Tomografia ya Mtandao]] * [[Aina za mitandao]] * [[Kitengo (cha kutumika kwa mitandao)]] * [[Itifaki]] * [[Mtandao usio na kipimo]] * [[Mtandao usiotumia nyaya]] </div> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://networking.computerdictionaries.org Taminolojia katika utumizi wa mitandao ya kompyuta] {{Wayback|url=http://networking.computerdictionaries.org/ |date=20120118144138 }} [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] e974zeo59d8ac8qh5ng0651aonzhk6w 0 65863 1594715 1585676 2026-09-06T07:50:16Z Muddyb 379 [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] 1594715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filamu za Hood''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: '''Hood film''') ni aina ya [[filamu]] yenye [[asili]] ya [[Marekani]] hasa mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1980]] na mwanzoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]]. Ndani yake mna hasa mambo ya [[Mji|mjini]] kama vile [[muziki]] wa [[hip hop]], [[wahuni wa mtaani]], [[ubaguzi wa rangi]], [[umaskini]], na matatizo ya [[Wamarekani Weusi]] hasa [[vijana]] jinsi wanavyopata shida na [[jamii]] ya [[Mzungu|Kizungu]]. Filamu za namna hiyo huhusisha hasa [[waigizaji]] wa [[Wamarekani Weusi|Kiafrika-Kiamerika]]. Mfano halisi wa filamu za aina hii ni kama vile ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' na ''[[Menace II Society]]'', ambazo mtindo wake wa [[hadithi]] almanusura iupe umaarufu kupindukia mchezo huu. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1996, lakini, filamu za Hood zilionekana kama chombo cha watengenezaji filamu weusi kinachohaha kukwepa tofuati bayana ya ufananisho wa filamu za Kizungu. Mtindo huu pia ulikuja kugezewa tena na filamu kama vile ''[[Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood]]''. Filamu za Kiingereza za mtindo huu nazo zilipata kufanywa, kama vile ''[[Bullet Boy]]''. Filamu za [[Kifaranza]] za mtindo huo nazo zimefanya, ''[[La Haine]]'', ''[[Ma 6-T va crack-er]]'', ''[[Yamakasi]]'' na ''[[Banlieue 13]]'' nazo ni mifano ya mtindo huu. [[John Singleton]], [[Mario Van Peebles]], [[Hughes Brothers]], na [[Spike Lee]] ni mifano tosha ya [[waongozaji wa filamu]] za namna hii. [[Insha]] kadha wa kadha ziliandikwa kuhusu mtindo huu na Paula J. Massood, ambaye kwa sasa ni [[mwalimu]] katika [[Brooklyn College]].<ref name="Forman">{{cite book |title=The 'Hood Comes First: race, space, and place in rap and hip-hop |url=https://archive.org/details/hoodcomesfirstra00form |author=Murray Forman |year=2002 |publisher=[[Wesleyan University]] Press}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1992 insha kuhusu masuala ya uigizaji wa [[sinema]], mchambuzi wa Kikanada [[Rinaldo Walcott]] amegundua msingi wa filamu za Hood ni kutaka kuonesha ujanadume, au kurudisha [[heshima]] ya [[utu]] wa mtu mweusi".<ref name="Working">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0802093884&id=S04JUEA3FnsC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&ots=46rh9mgpWM&dq=hood.film&sig=8YgAp-tKRCranf7nJWzzG5Iv1Wg#PPA247,M1 |title=Working on Screen: Representations of the Working Class in Canadian Cinema |chapter=''Rude'' and the Representation of Class Relations in Canadian Film |author=John McCullough |publisher=[[University of Toronto]] Press |year=2006}}</ref> ==Orodha ya filamu za Hood== * ''[[City Across the River]]'', 1949 * ''[[Los Olvidados]]'', 1950 * ''[[Kid Monk Baroni]]'', 1952 * ''[[The Wild One]]'', 1953 * ''[[Crime Wave]]'', 1954 * ''[[Blackboard Jungle]]'', 1955 * ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', 1955 * ''[[Crime in the Streets]]'', 1956 * ''[[Rumble on the Docks]]'', 1956 * ''[[Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)| Somebody Up There Likes Me]]'', 1956 * ''[[The Cool and The Crazy]]'', 1958 * ''[[Teenage Gang Debs]]'', 1966 * ''[[The Warriors (film)|The Warriors]]'', 1979 * ''[[Colors]]'', 1988 * ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'', 1991 * ''[[New Jack City]]'', 1991 * ''[[Straight Out of Brooklyn]]'', 1991 * ''[[Juice]]'', 1992 * ''[[South Central (filamu)|South Central]]'', 1992 * ''[[Menace II Society]]'', 1993 * ''[[Strapped]]'',1993 * ''[[Poetic Justice]]'', 1993 * ''[[Above the Rim]]'', 1994 * ''[[Sugar Hill (1994 film)|Sugar Hill]]'', 1994 * ''[[Fresh (1994 film)|Fresh]]'', 1994 * ''[[Jason's Lyric]]'', 1994 * ''[[Clockers]]'', 1995 * ''[[Dead Presidents]]'', 1995 * ''[[New Jersey Drive]]'', 1995 * ''[[Set It Off]]'', 1996 * ''[[One Eight Seven]]'', 1997 * ''[[Jackie Brown]]'', 1997 * ''[[He Got Game]]'', 1998 * ''[[Caught Up]]'', 1998 * ''[[Belly]]'', 1998 * ''[[In Too Deep]]'', 1999 * ''[[The Wood]]'', 1999 * ''[[Hot Boyz]]'', 1999 * ''[[Baller Blockin']]'' 2000 * ''[[Baby Boy]]'', 2001 * ''[[Blue Hill Avenue]]'', 2001 * ''[[Training Day]]'', 2001 * ''[[Shottas]]'', 2002 * ''[[8 Mile]]'', 2002 * ''[[State Property]]'', 2002 * ''[[Paid in Full]]'', 2002 * ''[[The Beat]]'', 2003 * ''[[Never Die Alone]]'', 2004 * ''[[Coach Carter]]'', 2005 * ''[[Shooting Gallery]]'', 2005 * ''[[Harsh Times]]'', 2005 * ''[[Back in the Day]]'', 2005 * ''[[Bullet Boy]]'', 2005 * ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film)]]'', 2005 * ''[[Dirty]]'', 2005 * ''[[ATL]]'', 2006 * ''[[Waist Deep]]'', 2006 * ''[[Gridiron Gang]]'', 2006 * ''[[Kidulthood]]'', 2006 * ''[[Freedom Writers]]'', 2007 * ''[[Adulthood]]'', 2008 * ''[[Before I Self Destruct]]'', 2009 * ''[[Sin Nombre]]'', 2009 * ''[[Brooklyn's Finest]]'', 2009 * ''[[Ghetto Stories: The Movie]]'' 2010 * ''[[City of Lies]]'', 2018 * ''[[Yardie]]'', 2018 * ''[[Canal Street]]'', 2019 * ''[[Street Flow]]'', 2019 * ''[[Gully]]'', 2019 * ''[[Brian Banks]]'', 2019 * ''[[All Day and A Night]]'', 2020 * ''[[The Tax Collector]]'', 2020 * ''[[Cut Throat City]]'', 2020 * ''[[Boogie]]'', 2021 * ''[[Blue Bayou]]'', 2021 * ''[[Monster]]'', 2021 * ''[[American Murderer]]'', 2022 * ''[[On The Count of Three]]'', 2022 * ''[[On the Come Up]]'', 2022 * ''[[A Thousand and One]]'', 2023 * ''[[All Souls]]'', 2023 * ''[[American Outlaws]]'', 2023 * ''[[Brother]]'', 2023 * ''[[1992]]'', 2024 * ''[[Bosco]]'', 2024 * ''[[Red Rocket]]'', 2024 * ''[[Robbin]]'', 2024 * ''[[The Waterboyz]]'', 2024 * ''[[Trap Boyz]]'', 2024 * ''[[One of Them Days]]'', 2025 * ''[[Moses the Black]]'', 2026 * ''[[Ricky]]'', 2026 ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Vyanzo== *[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MenaceII.html "Menace II Society"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MenaceII.html |date=20060908014335 }} - ''[[Cineaste (magazine)|Cineaste]]'' review pointing out several aspects of the "hood film" genre *[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_35/ai_77828281 Which Way to the Promised Land?: Spike Lee's Clockers and the Legacy of the African American City] {{Wayback|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_35/ai_77828281 |date=20041125155027 }}, Paula J. Massood, ''African American Review'', Summer 2001 *[http://www.blackfilm.com/20060428/features/loweringthebar.shtml Lowering the bar: State of black film at the moment], by the Unknown Film Critic; defines hood film as one of three predominant subgenres of African-American film {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] 2i1xsfgstuzbs911ajmou6vur896psd 1594716 1594715 2026-09-06T07:50:48Z Muddyb 379 1594716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filamu za Hood''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: '''Hood film''') ni aina ya [[filamu]] yenye [[asili]] ya [[Marekani]] hasa mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1980]] na mwanzoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]]. Ndani yake mna hasa mambo ya [[Mji|mjini]] kama vile [[muziki]] wa [[hip hop]], [[wahuni wa mtaani]], [[ubaguzi wa rangi]], [[umaskini]], na matatizo ya [[Wamarekani Weusi]] hasa [[vijana]] jinsi wanavyopata shida na [[jamii]] ya [[Mzungu|Kizungu]]. Filamu za namna hiyo huhusisha hasa [[waigizaji]] wa [[Wamarekani Weusi|Kiafrika-Kiamerika]]. Mfano halisi wa filamu za aina hii ni kama vile ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' na ''[[Menace II Society]]'', ambazo mtindo wake wa [[hadithi]] almanusura iupe umaarufu kupindukia mchezo huu. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1996, lakini, filamu za Hood zilionekana kama chombo cha watengenezaji filamu weusi kinachohaha kukwepa tofuati bayana ya ufananisho wa filamu za Kizungu. Mtindo huu pia ulikuja kugezewa tena na filamu kama vile ''[[Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood]]''. Filamu za Kiingereza za mtindo huu nazo zilipata kufanywa, kama vile ''[[Bullet Boy]]''. Filamu za [[Kifaranza]] za mtindo huo nazo zimefanya, ''[[La Haine]]'', ''[[Ma 6-T va crack-er]]'', ''[[Yamakasi]]'' na ''[[Banlieue 13]]'' nazo ni mifano ya mtindo huu. [[John Singleton]], [[Mario Van Peebles]], [[Hughes Brothers]], na [[Spike Lee]] ni mifano tosha ya [[waongozaji wa filamu]] za namna hii. [[Insha]] kadha wa kadha ziliandikwa kuhusu mtindo huu na Paula J. Massood, ambaye kwa sasa ni [[mwalimu]] katika [[Brooklyn College]].<ref name="Forman">{{cite book |title=The 'Hood Comes First: race, space, and place in rap and hip-hop |url=https://archive.org/details/hoodcomesfirstra00form |author=Murray Forman |year=2002 |publisher=[[Wesleyan University]] Press}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1992 insha kuhusu masuala ya uigizaji wa [[sinema]], mchambuzi wa Kikanada [[Rinaldo Walcott]] amegundua msingi wa filamu za Hood ni kutaka kuonesha ujanadume, au kurudisha [[heshima]] ya [[utu]] wa mtu mweusi".<ref name="Working">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0802093884&id=S04JUEA3FnsC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&ots=46rh9mgpWM&dq=hood.film&sig=8YgAp-tKRCranf7nJWzzG5Iv1Wg#PPA247,M1 |title=Working on Screen: Representations of the Working Class in Canadian Cinema |chapter=''Rude'' and the Representation of Class Relations in Canadian Film |author=John McCullough |publisher=[[University of Toronto]] Press |year=2006}}</ref> ==Orodha ya filamu za Hood== * ''[[City Across the River]]'', 1949 * ''[[Los Olvidados]]'', 1950 * ''[[Kid Monk Baroni]]'', 1952 * ''[[The Wild One]]'', 1953 * ''[[Crime Wave]]'', 1954 * ''[[Blackboard Jungle]]'', 1955 * ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', 1955 * ''[[Crime in the Streets]]'', 1956 * ''[[Rumble on the Docks]]'', 1956 * ''[[Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)| Somebody Up There Likes Me]]'', 1956 * ''[[The Cool and The Crazy]]'', 1958 * ''[[Teenage Gang Debs]]'', 1966 * ''[[The Warriors (film)|The Warriors]]'', 1979 * ''[[Colors]]'', 1988 * ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'', 1991 * ''[[New Jack City]]'', 1991 * ''[[Straight Out of Brooklyn]]'', 1991 * ''[[Juice]]'', 1992 * ''[[South Central (filamu)|South Central]]'', 1992 * ''[[Menace II Society]]'', 1993 * ''[[Strapped]]'',1993 * ''[[Poetic Justice]]'', 1993 * ''[[Above the Rim]]'', 1994 * ''[[Sugar Hill (1994 film)|Sugar Hill]]'', 1994 * ''[[Fresh (1994 film)|Fresh]]'', 1994 * ''[[Jason's Lyric]]'', 1994 * ''[[Clockers]]'', 1995 * ''[[Dead Presidents]]'', 1995 * ''[[New Jersey Drive]]'', 1995 * ''[[Set It Off]]'', 1996 * ''[[One Eight Seven]]'', 1997 * ''[[Jackie Brown]]'', 1997 * ''[[He Got Game]]'', 1998 * ''[[Caught Up]]'', 1998 * ''[[Belly]]'', 1998 * ''[[In Too Deep]]'', 1999 * ''[[The Wood]]'', 1999 * ''[[Hot Boyz]]'', 1999 * ''[[Baller Blockin']]'' 2000 * ''[[Baby Boy]]'', 2001 * ''[[Blue Hill Avenue]]'', 2001 * ''[[Training Day]]'', 2001 * ''[[Shottas]]'', 2002 * ''[[8 Mile]]'', 2002 * ''[[State Property]]'', 2002 * ''[[Paid in Full]]'', 2002 * ''[[The Beat]]'', 2003 * ''[[Never Die Alone]]'', 2004 * ''[[Coach Carter]]'', 2005 * ''[[Shooting Gallery]]'', 2005 * ''[[Harsh Times]]'', 2005 * ''[[Back in the Day]]'', 2005 * ''[[Bullet Boy]]'', 2005 * ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film)]]'', 2005 * ''[[Dirty]]'', 2005 * ''[[ATL]]'', 2006 * ''[[Waist Deep]]'', 2006 * ''[[Gridiron Gang]]'', 2006 * ''[[Kidulthood]]'', 2006 * ''[[Freedom Writers]]'', 2007 * ''[[Adulthood]]'', 2008 * ''[[Before I Self Destruct]]'', 2009 * ''[[Sin Nombre]]'', 2009 * ''[[Brooklyn's Finest]]'', 2009 * ''[[Ghetto Stories: The Movie]]'' 2010 * ''[[City of Lies]]'', 2018 * ''[[Yardie]]'', 2018 * ''[[Canal Street]]'', 2019 * ''[[Street Flow]]'', 2019 * ''[[Gully]]'', 2019 * ''[[Brian Banks]]'', 2019 * ''[[All Day and A Night]]'', 2020 * ''[[The Tax Collector]]'', 2020 * ''[[Cut Throat City]]'', 2020 * ''[[Boogie]]'', 2021 * ''[[Blue Bayou]]'', 2021 * ''[[Monster]]'', 2021 * ''[[American Murderer]]'', 2022 * ''[[On The Count of Three]]'', 2022 * ''[[On the Come Up]]'', 2022 * ''[[A Thousand and One]]'', 2023 * ''[[All Souls]]'', 2023 * ''[[American Outlaws]]'', 2023 * ''[[Brother]]'', 2023 * ''[[1992]]'', 2024 * ''[[Bosco]]'', 2024 * ''[[Red Rocket]]'', 2024 * ''[[Robbin]]'', 2024 * ''[[The Waterboyz]]'', 2024 * ''[[Trap Boyz]]'', 2024 * ''[[One of Them Days]]'', 2025 * ''[[Moses the Black]]'', 2026 * ''[[Ricky]]'', 2026 ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Vyanzo== *[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MenaceII.html "Menace II Society"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MenaceII.html |date=20060908014335 }} - ''[[Cineaste (magazine)|Cineaste]]'' review pointing out several aspects of the "hood film" genre *[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_35/ai_77828281 Which Way to the Promised Land?: Spike Lee's Clockers and the Legacy of the African American City] {{Wayback|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_35/ai_77828281 |date=20041125155027 }}, Paula J. Massood, ''African American Review'', Summer 2001 *[http://www.blackfilm.com/20060428/features/loweringthebar.shtml Lowering the bar: State of black film at the moment], by the Unknown Film Critic; defines hood film as one of three predominant subgenres of African-American film {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] 3qlmtiwom5259aqjofuy9x26s9gsalf 1594717 1594716 2026-09-06T07:55:22Z Muddyb 379 Tahajia, muundo, sarufi, maana. 1594717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Filamu za Hood''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: ''Hood film'') ni aina ya [[filamu]] zenye [[asili]] ya [[Marekani]] zilizopata umaarufu mkubwa mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1980]] na mwanzoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]]. Ndani yake huhusisha zaidi maisha ya [[Mji|mjini]] kama vile [[muziki]] wa [[hip hop]], wahuni wa mtaani, [[ubaguzi wa rangi]], [[umaskini]], na changamoto zinazowakabili [[Wamarekani Weusi]], hasa [[vijana]], katika kabiliano yao na [[jamii]] ya [[Mzungu|Kizungu]]. Filamu za namna hiyo huhusisha zaidi waigizaji [[Wamarekani Weusi]]. Mifano halisi wa filamu za aina hii ni pamoja na ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' na ''[[Menace II Society]]'', ambazo mtindo wake wa [[hadithi]] ulisaidia sana kuipa umaarufu mkubwa aina hii ya filamu. Hata hivyo, kufikia katikati ya miaka ya 1990, filamu za Hood zilionekana kama chombo cha watengenezaji filamu Weusi kinachojaribu kuonyesha uhalisia tofauti na ule unaoonyeshwa kwenye filamu za Kizungu. Mtindo huu pia ulikuja kufanyiwa mzaha au kejeli kupitia filamu kama vile ''[[Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood]]''. Filamu za Kiingereza za mtindo huu nazo zilipata kufanywa, kama vile ''[[Bullet Boy]]''. Pia kuna filamu za [[Kifaransa]] zilizotengenezwa kwa mtindo huo, kama vile ''[[La Haine]]'', ''[[Ma 6-T va crack-er]]'', ''[[Yamakasi]]'', na ''[[Banlieue 13]]''. [[John Singleton]], [[Mario Van Peebles]], [[Hughes Brothers]], na [[Spike Lee]] ni mifano tosha ya [[waongozaji wa filamu]] za namna hii. [[Insha]] kadhaa ziliandikwa kuhusu mtindo huu na Paula J. Massood, ambaye ni [[mwalimu]] katika [[Brooklyn College]].<ref name="Forman">{{cite book |title=The 'Hood Comes First: race, space, and place in rap and hip-hop |url=https://archive.org/details/hoodcomesfirstra00form |author=Murray Forman |year=2002 |publisher=[[Wesleyan University]] Press}}</ref> Katika insha ya mwaka 1992 kuhusu masuala ya uigizaji wa [[sinema]], mchambuzi wa Kikanada [[Rinaldo Walcott]] alibaini kuwa msingi mkuu wa filamu za Hood ni kutaka kuonyesha ujanadume, au kurudisha [[heshima]] ya [[utu]] wa mtu mweusi.<ref name="Working">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0802093884&id=S04JUEA3FnsC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&ots=46rh9mgpWM&dq=hood.film&sig=8YgAp-tKRCranf7nJWzzG5Iv1Wg#PPA247,M1 |title=Working on Screen: Representations of the Working Class in Canadian Cinema |chapter=''Rude'' and the Representation of Class Relations in Canadian Film |author=John McCullough |publisher=[[University of Toronto]] Press |year=2006}}</ref> ==Orodha ya filamu za Hood== * ''[[City Across the River]]'', 1949 * ''[[Los Olvidados]]'', 1950 * ''[[Kid Monk Baroni]]'', 1952 * ''[[The Wild One]]'', 1953 * ''[[Crime Wave]]'', 1954 * ''[[Blackboard Jungle]]'', 1955 * ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', 1955 * ''[[Crime in the Streets]]'', 1956 * ''[[Rumble on the Docks]]'', 1956 * ''[[Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)| Somebody Up There Likes Me]]'', 1956 * ''[[The Cool and The Crazy]]'', 1958 * ''[[Teenage Gang Debs]]'', 1966 * ''[[The Warriors (film)|The Warriors]]'', 1979 * ''[[Colors]]'', 1988 * ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'', 1991 * ''[[New Jack City]]'', 1991 * ''[[Straight Out of Brooklyn]]'', 1991 * ''[[Juice]]'', 1992 * ''[[South Central (filamu)|South Central]]'', 1992 * ''[[Menace II Society]]'', 1993 * ''[[Strapped]]'',1993 * ''[[Poetic Justice]]'', 1993 * ''[[Above the Rim]]'', 1994 * ''[[Sugar Hill (1994 film)|Sugar Hill]]'', 1994 * ''[[Fresh (1994 film)|Fresh]]'', 1994 * ''[[Jason's Lyric]]'', 1994 * ''[[Clockers]]'', 1995 * ''[[Dead Presidents]]'', 1995 * ''[[New Jersey Drive]]'', 1995 * ''[[Set It Off]]'', 1996 * ''[[One Eight Seven]]'', 1997 * ''[[Jackie Brown]]'', 1997 * ''[[He Got Game]]'', 1998 * ''[[Caught Up]]'', 1998 * ''[[Belly]]'', 1998 * ''[[In Too Deep]]'', 1999 * ''[[The Wood]]'', 1999 * ''[[Hot Boyz]]'', 1999 * ''[[Baller Blockin']]'' 2000 * ''[[Baby Boy]]'', 2001 * ''[[Blue Hill Avenue]]'', 2001 * ''[[Training Day]]'', 2001 * ''[[Shottas]]'', 2002 * ''[[8 Mile]]'', 2002 * ''[[State Property]]'', 2002 * ''[[Paid in Full]]'', 2002 * ''[[The Beat]]'', 2003 * ''[[Never Die Alone]]'', 2004 * ''[[Coach Carter]]'', 2005 * ''[[Shooting Gallery]]'', 2005 * ''[[Harsh Times]]'', 2005 * ''[[Back in the Day]]'', 2005 * ''[[Bullet Boy]]'', 2005 * ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin' (film)]]'', 2005 * ''[[Dirty]]'', 2005 * ''[[ATL]]'', 2006 * ''[[Waist Deep]]'', 2006 * ''[[Gridiron Gang]]'', 2006 * ''[[Kidulthood]]'', 2006 * ''[[Freedom Writers]]'', 2007 * ''[[Adulthood]]'', 2008 * ''[[Before I Self Destruct]]'', 2009 * ''[[Sin Nombre]]'', 2009 * ''[[Brooklyn's Finest]]'', 2009 * ''[[Ghetto Stories: The Movie]]'' 2010 * ''[[City of Lies]]'', 2018 * ''[[Yardie]]'', 2018 * ''[[Canal Street]]'', 2019 * ''[[Street Flow]]'', 2019 * ''[[Gully]]'', 2019 * ''[[Brian Banks]]'', 2019 * ''[[All Day and A Night]]'', 2020 * ''[[The Tax Collector]]'', 2020 * ''[[Cut Throat City]]'', 2020 * ''[[Boogie]]'', 2021 * ''[[Blue Bayou]]'', 2021 * ''[[Monster]]'', 2021 * ''[[American Murderer]]'', 2022 * ''[[On The Count of Three]]'', 2022 * ''[[On the Come Up]]'', 2022 * ''[[A Thousand and One]]'', 2023 * ''[[All Souls]]'', 2023 * ''[[American Outlaws]]'', 2023 * ''[[Brother]]'', 2023 * ''[[1992]]'', 2024 * ''[[Bosco]]'', 2024 * ''[[Red Rocket]]'', 2024 * ''[[Robbin]]'', 2024 * ''[[The Waterboyz]]'', 2024 * ''[[Trap Boyz]]'', 2024 * ''[[One of Them Days]]'', 2025 * ''[[Moses the Black]]'', 2026 * ''[[Ricky]]'', 2026 ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Vyanzo== *[http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MenaceII.html "Menace II Society"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/MenaceII.html |date=20060908014335 }} - ''[[Cineaste (magazine)|Cineaste]]'' review pointing out several aspects of the "hood film" genre *[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_35/ai_77828281 Which Way to the Promised Land?: Spike Lee's Clockers and the Legacy of the African American City] {{Wayback|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_2_35/ai_77828281 |date=20041125155027 }}, Paula J. Massood, ''African American Review'', Summer 2001 *[http://www.blackfilm.com/20060428/features/loweringthebar.shtml Lowering the bar: State of black film at the moment], by the Unknown Film Critic; defines hood film as one of three predominant subgenres of African-American film {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] 10or1vdstj6wiyrw3bh5h2z1sxgu1hj 0 81064 1594591 1594588 2026-09-05T12:00:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Winners of the Elections for Members of Parliament.jpg|thumb|[[Picha]] za wabunge zilivyofutwa.]] [[File:ASP-TANU kanga.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kanga]] ya kusherehekea miaka 10 ya mapinduzi, ikipongeza vyama vya [[Afro-Shirazi Party|ASP]] na [[TANU]] ([[makumbusho]] ya [[House of Wonders]], [[Stone Town]]).]] [[File:Zanzibar revolution 40 years.JPG|thumb|Rais [[Amani Abeid Karume]] akishiriki sherehe ya miaka 40 tangu mapinduzi kufanyika.]] {{History of Tanzania}} '''Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar''' yalitokea [[mwaka]] [[1964]] ili kumuondoa [[Madaraka|madarakani]] [[Sultani]] wa [[Zanzibar]] na [[serikali]] yake, iliyoundwa hasa na [[Waarabu]], na hatimaye kuweka [[uongozi]] mikononi mwa [[Waafrika]], ambao ndio wengi [[Visiwa|visiwani]] humo (230,000 hivi), kwenye [[bahari ya Hindi]], karibu na [[pwani]] ya [[Tanganyika]]. [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] ulikuwa umepewa na [[Uingereza]] [[uhuru]] wake mwaka [[1963]]. Kabla ya hapo, Waarabu walikuwa wamefaulu kudumisha katika mfululizo wa [[Uchaguzi|chaguzi]] [[utawala]] waliokuwa nao tangu zamani za Zanzibar kuwa chini ya Usultani wa [[Omani]]. [[Chama]] cha [[Afro-Shirazi Party]] (ASP), kilichowakilisha hasa Waafrika, kilipoona kwamba [[bunge|bungeni]] kina viti vichache ingawa kilipata 54% za [[kura]] katika uchaguzi wa Julai [[1963]], kilipatana na chama cha mrengo wa kushoto [[Umma Party (Zanzibar)|Umma Party]]. Tarehe 12 Januari 1964 asubuhi na mapema, mwanachama wa ASP [[John Okello]] ([[1937]]-[[1971]] ?) kutoka [[Uganda]] aliongoza wanamapinduzi 600–800 wa [[kisiwa]] kikuu cha [[Unguja]] kushinda [[polisi]] wa nchi na kuteka [[silaha]] zao. Halafu walielekea [[Mji Mkongwe]] walipompindua Sultani [[Jamshid bin Abdullah]] na serikali yake. Waliokufa katika mapigano wamekadiriwa kuwa 80 hivi tu. Kumbe yalifuata kwa siku kadhaa (labda hadi tarehe [[20 Januari]]) [[maangamizi ya kimbari]] dhidi ya wakazi wenye asili ya Kiarabu (waliokuwa 50,000 hivi) na ya [[Asia Kusini]] (waliokuwa 20,000 hivi); hakuna hakika kuhusu [[idadi]] ya waliouawa: [[kadirio|makadirio]] yanataja kuanzia [[mia]] kadhaa hadi 20,000<ref name="nyt19jan">{{citation|last=Conley|first=Robert|title=Nationalism Is Viewed as Camouflage for Reds | newspaper=The New York Times|page=1|date=19 January 1964|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/19/nationalism-is-viewed-as-camouflage-for-redstoll-2000-to-4000.html}}</ref><ref name="latimes">{{Citation|title=Slaughter in Zanzibar of Asians, Arabs Told|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|page=4|date=20 January 1964|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|access-date=16 April 2009|archive-date=16 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116131907/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mbali ya mauaji, wafuasi wa Okello walibaka maelfu ya wanawake na kubomoa majengo.{{sfn|Petterson|2002|page=65}} Ndani ya wiki chache, asilimia 20 ya wakazi walikuwa wamekufa au kukimbia.<ref>{{citation|last=Minahan|first=James|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z|date=2002 |pages=2088–2089|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313323843}}</ref> Kiongozi wa ASP [[Abeid Karume]], asiyekuwa na [[Itikadi kali|msimamo mkali]] akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa nchi, na wanachama wa Umma Party walipewa nafasi serikalini. Kufikia Machi Okello alikuwa ameshawekwa pembeni na kufikia Aprili kikosi chake kimeshanyang'anywa silaha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/kilichomponza-okello-baada-ya-kuongoza-mapinduzi-2948368|title=Kilichomponza Okello baada ya kuongoza Mapinduzi|date=17 Mac 2021|website=www.mwananchi.co.tz|accessdate=22 Nov 2022}}</ref>. . Mwelekeo wa [[Ukomunisti|Kikomunisti]] wa baadhi katika serikali mpya uliogopesha [[nchi za Magharibi]]. Kwa kuwa Zanzibar ilikuwa chini ya athari ya Uingereza, serikali yake iliandaa mipango kadhaa. Hata hivyo, hofu ya kuundwa serikali ya Kikomunisti haikutimia kamwe, na kwa kuwa wananchi wa Uingereza na [[Marekani]] waliweza kuhama bila shida, mipango hiyo haikutekelezwa. Wakati huo [[nchi za Kikomunisti]] za [[China]], [[Ujerumani Mashariki]] na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] zilianzisha mahusiano ya kirafiki na serikali mpya ya Zanzibar kwa kuitambua rasmi na kwa kutuma washauri. Karume alifanikisha majadiliano ya kuunganisha Zanzibar na Tanganyika ili kuunda hatimaye [[muungano|muungano]] wa [[Tanzania]]; [[vyombo vya habari]] vilitafsiri muungano huo kuwa juhudi za kuzuia Ukomunisti kugeuza Zanzibar. Mapinduzi yalikomesha miaka 200 ya utawala wa Waarabu Zanzibar, na yanaadhimishwa kila mwaka kama [[sikukuu ya taifa]] zima la Tanzania. == Matukio kwa kinaganaga== Mnamo majira ya saa 9:00 usiku wa tarehe 12 Januari 1964, waasi 600–800 wenye silaha duni, wengi wao wakiwa Waafrika, wakisaidiwa na baadhi ya waliokuwa askari polisi waliofutwa kazi hivi karibuni, walishambulia vituo vya polisi vya Unguja ili kukamata silaha, kisha wakashambulia kituo cha redio. Okello alimshambulia mlinzi wa polisi binafsi, akamnyang'anya bunduki yake, na akaitumia kumchoma polisi huyo kwa kutumia visu hadi akafa. Wakiwa wamejihami kwa mamia ya bunduki za kiotomatiki zilizokamatwa, bunduki ndogo ndogo na bunduki za Bren, waasi hao walichukua udhibiti wa majengo muhimu ya mji mkuu, [[Mji Mkongwe]]. Karibu saa 7:00 asubuhi, Okello alitoa matangazo yake ya kwanza ya redio kutoka kituo cha redio cha eneo hilo ambacho wafuasi wake walikuwa wamekikamata saa mbili zilizopita, akiwataka Waafrika kuinuka na kuwapindua "mabeberu". Wakati huo, Okello alijiita tu Fashili. Kulikuwa na uvumi mwingi kuhusu Zanzibar kuhusu utambulisho wa mtu huyu wa ajabu aliyeongoza mapinduzi, ambaye alizungumza Kiswahili kwa lafudhi nzito ya [[Kiacholi]] ya Uganda ambayo haikujulikana Zanzibar. Ndani ya saa sita baada ya kuzuka kwa uhasama, ofisi ya telegrafu ya mji na majengo makuu ya serikali yalikuwa chini ya udhibiti wa mapinduzi, na uwanja pekee wa ndege kisiwani ulikamatwa saa 8:18 jioni. Huko mashambani, mapigano yalikuwa yamezuka kati ya Wamanga, kama Waarabu wa vijijini walivyoitwa, na Waafrika. Wamanga walikuwa na silaha nyingi za uwindaji, na mara tu silaha zilizochukuliwa kutoka vituo vya polisi zilipowafikia waasi mashambani, Wamanga waliangamia. Inadaiwa na mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani Don Petterson, aliyekuwa akiishi Zanzibar wakati huo, kwamba upinzani mkali zaidi ulikuwa katika kituo cha polisi cha [[Malindi (Zanzibar)|Malindi]], ambapo chini ya amri ya Kamishna wa Polisi JM Sullivan (polisi wa Uingereza ambaye alibaki hadi mtu mwingine wa eneo hilo aweze kuajiriwa), mashambulizi yote ya waasi yalizuiwa, hasa kwa sababu waasi walikuwa na tabia ya kurudi nyuma kila waliposhambuliwa. Sullivan hakusalimisha kituo cha Malindi hadi alasiri na baada tu ya risasi kuishiwa. Kama Sullivan alivyodai, aliongoza jeshi lake lote (hakuna polisi hata mmoja aliyeuawa au kujeruhiwa) hadi kwenye gati la Mji Mkongwe ili kupanda boti zilizowapeleka kwenye meli ''Salama'' ili waende mbali na Zanzibar. == Tanbihi== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Marejeo== {{Portal|Tanzania}} *{{citation|last=Bakari|first=Mohammed Ali|title=The Democratisation Process in Zanzibar|year=2001|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|url=https://books.google.com/?id=9yCSamtUeiAC|isbn=3-928049-71-2|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Clayton|first=Anthony|title=Frontiersmen:Warfare in Africa since 1950|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Zg5hipdurBkC|isbn=1-85728-525-5|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *Samuel Daly, Our Mother is Afro-Shirazi, Our Father is the Revolution, Senior Thesis, 2009, Columbia University, New York. *{{citation|last=Guevara|first=Ernesto|title=Venceremos!:The speeches and writings of Ernesto Che Guevara|year=1968|publisher=Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oEAQAAIAAJ&|isbn=0-297-76438-1|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Hernon |first= Ian |title= Britain's Forgotten Wars: Colonial Campaigns of the 19th century |publisher=[[Sutton Publishing]] |year= 2003 |location= Stroud, Gloucestershire |isbn= 978-0-7509-3162-5|postscript=<!--none--> }}. *{{citation|last=Ingrams|first=William H.|title=Zanzibar: Its History and Its People|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=Abingdon|year=1967|isbn=0-7146-1102-6|oclc=186237036|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last1=Kalley|first1=Jacqueline Audrey|last2=Schoeman|first2=Elna|last3=Andor|first3=Lydia Eve|title=Southern African Political History|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|isbn=0-313-30247-2|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Kuper|first=Leo|title=Theories of Revolution and Race Relations|journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History|year=1971|volume=13|issue=1|pages=87–107|jstor=178199|issn=|oclc=|doi=10.1017/S0010417500006125|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Lofchie|first=Michaael F.|title=Was Okello's Revolution a Conspiracy?|journal=Transition|year=1967|issue=33|pages=36–42|jstor=2934114|issn=|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Myers|first=Garth A.|title=Making the Socialist City of Zanzibar|journal=Geographical Review|year=1994|volume=84|issue=4|pages=451–464|issn=|oclc=|doi=10.2307/215759|postscript=<!--none-->|jstor=215759}}. *{{citation|last=Parsons|first=Timothy|title=The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/?id=KoLbjlIYLzwC|isbn=0-325-07068-7|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Plekhanov|first=Sergey|title=A Reformer on the Throne: Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said|year=2004|publisher=Trident Press Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-U8BL-tEPLwC|isbn=1-900724-70-7|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last1=Sheriff|first1=Abdul|last2=Ferguson|first2=Ed|title=Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule|year=1991|publisher=James Currey Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FxUCbQeKjogC|isbn=0-85255-080-4|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|year=2005|publisher=CRC Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|isbn=1-57958-245-1|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Speller|first=Ian|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964.|journal=Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|year=2007|volume=35|issue=2|pages=1–35|url=http://eprints.nuim.ie/archive/00000841/|issn=|oclc=|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *{{citation|last=Triplett|first=George W.|title=Zanzibar: The Politics of Revolutionary Inequality|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|year=1971|volume=9|issue=4|pages=612–617|jstor=160218|issn=|oclc=|doi=10.1017/S0022278X0005285X|postscript=<!--none-->}}. == Marejeo mengine == *{{citation|last=Glassman|first=Jonathon|title=War of Words, War of Stones: Racial Thought and Violence in Colonial Zanzibar|year=2011|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington|isbn=978-0-253-22280-0|postscript=<!--none-->}}. *Mwakikagile, Godfrey, ''Why Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form Tanzania'', ISBN 978-9987-16-045-7 {{Tanzania topics}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Category:Historia ya Zanzibar]] [[Category:Historia ya Tanzania]] [[Category:Mapinduzi]] [[Category:1964]] pv1zgctovdd4smntvlchgpip3feum7l 0 112381 1594604 1587431 2026-09-05T12:59:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Wengineo */ 1594604 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bakhita Szent Jozefina.jpeg|thumb|[[Yosefina Bakhita]] kutoka [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]] ya leo.]] '''Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika''' hii inataja [[watu]] wanaoheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] au [[madhehebu]] mengine yoyote ya [[Ukristo]] kama [[watakatifu]] ambao walizaliwa, waliishi au walifariki [[Bara|barani]] humo (katika mabano mara nyingi inatajwa nchi ya leo). ==Kabla ya Uislamu== Katika [[karne]] [[sita]] za kwanza za [[Kanisa]], [[Afrika]] ililizalia [[watakatifu]] na [[viongozi]] wake wengi, bila kushindwa na [[dhuluma]] za [[Dola la Roma]] zilizoenea kote, [[Farakano la Donato]] na dhuluma ya [[Wavandali]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Magharibi]], [[farakano]] la [[Wakopti]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Mashariki]] (lililofuata [[Mtaguso wa Kalsedonia]], [[451]]). ===Watu wa Biblia=== * [[Simoni wa Kurene]], [[Libya]] * [[Marko Mwinjili]], [[Misri]] * [[Apolo (Biblia)|Apolo]], Misri * [[Lukio wa Kurene]], Libya ===Mapapa wa Roma=== Kati ya [[Mapapa]] wa [[Roma]] wa karne za kwanza watatu walizaliwa Afrika au Roma na wazazi kutoka Afrika. Wote hao wanaheshimiwa kama watakatifu: * [[Papa Viktor I]] ([[189]]-[[199]]), Libya * [[Papa Miltiades]] (311-314), [[Algeria]] * [[Papa Gelasius I]] (492-496), Algeria ===Walimu wa Kanisa=== Kati ya [[walimu wa Kanisa]], watatu walitokea Afrika: * [[Atanasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Augustino wa Hippo]], Algeria * [[Sirili wa Aleksandria]], Misri Wengine waliosomea Afrika ni: * [[Bazili Mkuu]], Misri * [[Gregori wa Nazienzi]], Misri ===Waandishi na wanateolojia=== Waandishi na wanateolojia wengi walitokea Afrika au waliishi huko, kama vile watakatifu: <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Achilas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Amonasi]], Misri * [[Amoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Anatolius wa Laodikea]], Misri * [[Athenagora wa Athene]], Misri * [[Aurelius wa Karthago]], [[Tunisia]] * [[Damiani wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Danieli wa Skete]], Misri * [[Didimo Kipofu]], Misri * [[Epifani wa Salamina]], Misri * [[Eugenius wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eulogi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eusebi wa Vercelli]], Misri * [[Filastri]], Misri * [[Fulgensyo wa Ruspe]], Tunisia * [[Horsiesi]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Pelusium]], Misri * [[Klemens wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiferi wa Cagliari]], Misri * [[Maksimo Muungamadini]], Tunisia * [[Nilo wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Optatus wa Milevi]], Algeria * [[Orsisius]] wa Tabenna, Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Panfilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pantenus]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Tammah]], Misri * [[Petroni wa Bologna]], Misri * [[Pierio]], Misri * [[Ponsyo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Posidi]], Tunisia * [[Saba abati]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Thmuis]], Misri * [[Shenute]], Misri * [[Sipriani mfiadini]], Tunisia * [[Sofroni wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Quodvultdeus]], Tunisia * [[Theofilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Zeno wa Verona]], Algeria {{div col end}} ===Wengineo=== <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abadir, Iraya na wenzao|Abadir na wenzake]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Antinoe]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Bilgai]], Misri * [[Abaidus]], [[Ethiopia]] * [[Abaku]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tarnut]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tukh]], Misri * [[Abanubi]], Misri * [[Abasad]], Misri * [[Abashade]], Misri * [[Abaskhiron]], Misri * [[Abeluzius]], Ethiopia * [[Abibi na Apoloni]], Misri * [[Abidiani na wenzake|Abidiani, Demetria, Donati, Gagus, Januaria, Juliana, Nepori, Paposiniki, Kwirini, Kwirus]] na wenzao 146, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abili wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Ablak]], Ethiopia * [[Abnodi]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu Fukara]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abrahamu wa Farshut]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Minuf]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Skete]], Misri * [[Abundanti na wenzake|Abundanti, Adrasti, Agapius, Karisi, Donatila, Donati, Fortuni, Leo, Nisefori, Polokroni]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Achilas wa Skete]], Misri * [[Acutus, Anastasia, Candidus, Coelifloria, Felix, Honorius, Januaria, Jucundus, Lucianus, Marcus, Petrus, Secundus, Severus na Telesphorus]], [[Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Ada wa Ethiopia]] * [[Adiuto wa Cava]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani wa Canterbury]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adrioni]], Misri * [[Afesi na wenzake|Afesi, Aleksanda, Amfamoni, Apoloni, Arioni, Dionusi, Dioskoro, Elafa, Eunuko, Fabiani, Felisi, Fisosi, Gurdino, Hinus, Kapitolini, Kapitulini, Kresenti, Melei, Nika, Nisia, Panus, Panubri, Plebri, Pleosi, Theoma, Tuboni na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aflahos na wenzake]], Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Beziers]], Misri * [[Abba Aftse|Aftse]], Ethiopia * [[Agapio, Sekondino na wenzao|Agapio, Sekondino, Emiliani, Tertula, Antonia]] na wenzao 3, Algeria * [[Agatho na wenzake|Agatho, Ammonius, Aratus, Bastammonius, Bastamus, Bessammonius, Collutus, Cyriacus, Didymus, Dionysius, Dioscorus, Hero, Hippeas, Horpresius, Horus, Oecomeus, Orion, Pantherus, Papas, Papias, Paulo, Pethecus, Pinutus, Plesius, Potamon, Protea, Recombus, Recumbus, Romanus, Sarmata, Saturninus, Serapion, Theonas, Thionius na Zoticus]], Misri * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Agatoni, Lusia na Diogene]], Misri * [[Agatoni mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Agileus]], Tunisia * [[Agrari]], Tunisia * [[Agripino wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuli wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuta na wenzake|Akuta, Kandidi, Konstansi, Eugenia, Firmus, Hilarini, Lusida, Marsiali, Penika, Posesa, Rogasiani na Statuniani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Akwila wa Misri]] * [[Akwilinus, Geminus, Augenius, Marcianus, Kwintus, Teodotus na Trifoni]], [[Moroko]] * [[Abba Alef|Alef]], Ethiopia * [[Aleksandra wa Misri]] * [[Alipius wa Thagaste]], Algeria * [[Alonio]], Misri * [[Alveri]], Misri * [[Ambrosi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amfiani na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Amoes wa Skete]], Misri * [[Amoni, Zeno na wenzao|Amoni, Zeno, Tolomayo, Ingene na Theofilo]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ampeli wa Afrika]], Tunisia * [[Ampelio mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anastazia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anatoli wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Abba Anbes|Anbes]], Ethiopia * [[Androniko na Athanasia]], Misri * [[Androniko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aniano wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anthusa wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Antioko, Mario, Dagioni, Menesidei, Mamori, Mamari, Petro na Gumus]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Sulcis]], Algeria au Moroko * [[Antoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anubu mmonaki]], Misri * [[Anububisoyo, Joji na wenzao|Anububisoyo, Joji, Basjela, Arnobi, Petro, Askirioni, Argenida na Belfijus]], Misri * [[Apolo mchungaji]], Misri * [[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi]], Misri * [[Apolo wa Bawit]], Misri * [[Apoloni na Filemoni]], Misri * [[Apoloni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Apolonia wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Apriko, Sirioni, Sirioni mwingine, Eulogi, Hemerioni, Juliani, Julius, Yusto, Menelao, Oreste, Porfiri, Trifoni na Trifoni mwingine]], Misri * [[Aprili na wenzake|Aprili, Autus, Katula, Koliondola, Yosefu, Rogati, Salito, Saturnini na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Ares, Promo na Elia]], Misri * [[Aresi na Rogati]], Misri * [[Aretha mfiadini]], [[Ruma]] na wenzao 340, 4,000 au 20,000, Ethiopia * [[Ariani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Aristo]], Misri * [[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Arkadi, Paskasi, Probo, Eutikiani na Paulilo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Arkadius wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Armini wa Misri]] * [[Armogaste]], [[Maskula]], [[Arkimino]] na [[Saturus wa Afrika|Saturus]], Tunisia * [[Arponi]], Misri * [[Arseni na wenzake|Arseni, Dioskoro, Heroni na Isidori]], Misri * [[Artakse na wenzake|Artakse, Epictetus, Felicitas, Felix, Fortunatus, Jucundus, Pictus, Quietus, Quinctus, Rusticus, Secundus, Sillus, Vincent, Vitalis]] na wenzao 7, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Artemi wa Antiokia]], Misri * [[Artilai na wenzake|Artilai, Antoni, Asklipi, Asteksi, Basili, Bosimi, Donata, Emeriti, Emeteri, Eutiko, Felisi, Fortunati, Fosyo, Frunumi, Gajola, Georgi, Gorgoni, Hemeteri, Isiko, Janula, Julius, Karisimi, Kasti, Klaudiani, Lusiola, Marcha, Marinus, Meteri, Nisefori, Papias, Risini, Sabiani, Saviniani, Seledoni, Siriko na Soli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Askla]], Misri * [[Atanasi II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia]], Misri * [[Atro]], Misri * [[Augusta na Faustina]], Misri * [[Augusto wa Caserta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aurelia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile]], Ethiopia * [[Awgin wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Avitus mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Barsanufi wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Barsen]], Misri * [[Basa, Paula na Agatonika]], Tunisia * [[Basiani, Primitivi na wenzao|Basiani, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wengine 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Basiano na wenzake|Basiano, Sirioni, Agatoni, Mose, Dionisi, Amoni, Tonioni, Proto, Lusio, Armata, Arbasi, Orus, Paulo, Plesius, Pasamona, Hipus]] na wenzao 10 au 14, Misri * [[Basilide wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma]], Ethiopia * [[Bauli]], Misri * [[Bazalota na Eufemia]], Ethiopia * [[Benyamini na Bejoki]], Misri * [[Benyamini I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Beresi na wenzake|Beresi, Lusius, Vikta, Dasi, Leusi, Viktoriki, Viktorisi, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Besa wa Misri]] * [[Besarioni wa Misri]] * [[Besas]], Misri * [[Bessus]], Misri * [[Bona]], Misri * [[Bonifasi, Tekla na wanao]] 12, Algeria * [[Damiani wa Afrika]], Misri * [[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao]] 26, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dasya wa Tanda]], Misri * [[Defendente]], Misri * [[Demetrius I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Demetri mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Demiana]] na wenzake 40, Misri * [[Deogratias wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Didara, Bisoe na Nor]], Misri * [[Dionisi mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dionisi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dionisya wa Vita na wenzake]] ([[Majoriko]], [[Dativa]], [[Leonsya wa Vita]], [[Tersyo wa Byzacena]], [[Emiliani wa Vita]] na [[Bonifasi wa Sicilibba]]), Algeria * [[Dioskoro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro mfiadini (20 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Dioskoro wa Qais]], Misri * [[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Dominiko, Vikta, Primiani, Saturnini, Kresensi, Sekundi na Honorati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Domnini wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Donasyani, Presidi, Mansueti, Jermano na Foskolo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Justus na Herenas]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Makari na Theodori]], Misri * [[Donati wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Dorotea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Doroteo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dositeo wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Edesi mfiadini]], Misri * [[Elesbaan]] (Kalebu wa Aksum), Ethiopia * [[Elia na Simeoni Afamarie]], Ethiopia * [[Elia, Yeremia, Isaya, Samweli na Danieli]], Misri * [[Elia wa Misri]] * [[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Emiliani, Lasi, Didimo, Poemi, Amoni na Prima]] na wenzao 38, Tunisia * [[Epenetus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Epifani, Donati na Rufini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epikteto, Yukundo na wenzao|Epikteto, Yukundo, Felisi, Sekundo, Vitalis, Epikari na wenzao 15]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Epimako, Aleksanda, Merkuria, Dionisya na Amonaria]], Misri * [[Epimako wa Pelusi]], Misri * [[Erakla wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro]], Misri * [[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori]], Misri * [[Esuperansi wa Cingoli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Esuperi wa Thebe|Esuperi]], [[Kandidi wa Thebe|Kandidi]] na [[Vikta wa Thebe|Vikta]], Misri * [[Eufrasi na Klarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eufrasia wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Eufrosina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi]], Misri * [[Eujeni, Salutari na Muriti]], Tunisia * [[Eujeni wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eukari wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eulogi wa Edessa]], Misri * [[Eumeni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Euprepi wa Misri]] * [[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eustrasi wa Sufres]], Tunisia * [[Eutiko, Fortunati, Saturnini, Marsia, Vikta, Stefano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eutikyo]], Misri * [[Eutimio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eutropia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Evasi na Privati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ezana]], Ethiopia * [[Fabius]], Algeria * [[Fana wa Misri]] * [[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Fausto, Abibi, Andrea, Androniko, Andropelagia, Kaldote, Makari, Sarpando, Siriaki, Siriaki mwingine, Thekla na Theosisti]], Misri * [[Fausto, Dio na Amoni]], Misri * [[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Fausto, Kayo, Petro, Paulo, Eusebi, Keremone, Lucho]] na wenzao 2, Misri * [[Fausto shemasi]], Misri * [[Fausto wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Feliche Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Felichisimi]], Tunisia * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia|Felisi, Ponto, Abda na Valeria]], Tunisia * [[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi]], Algeria * [[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi mfiadini (3 Februari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi na Genadi]], Tunisia * [[Felisi na Regula]], Misri * [[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi wa Abbir]], [[Sipriani wa Unizibira]] na wenzao 5,000 hivi, Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Felisi wa Gerona]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Hadrumetum]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Thibiuca]], [[Audactus wa Karthago|Audactus]], [[Fortunatus wa Karthago|Fortunatus]], [[Januari wa Karthago|Januarius]] na [[Septimus wa Karthago|Septimus]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Toniza]], Tunisia * [[Felisiani na wenzake]] 125, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisiani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fermo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fidelis, Felisi na wenzao|Fidelis, Felisi, Kresenti, Liberati]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao]] 17, Algeria * [[Fileas]], [[Filoromus]], Pakomi, Theodori, Petro, Fausto, Didius, Amoni, Hesiki na Viktorina na wenzao 642, Misri * [[Filipo mfiadini (13 Septemba)]], Misri * [[Filipo, Narseo, Zeno na watoto kumi]], Misri * [[Filothei wa Pemdje]], Misri * [[Fiorenzo wa Nebbio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Firmus wa Tagaste]], Algeria * [[Florensi wa Semina]], Tunisia * [[Florensiani wa Midila]], Algeria * [[Fortunati, Felisi, Silvi, Vitalis, Apolo, Isaki na Krotate]], Misri * [[Fortunati na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Lusiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Marsiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fronti wa Perigueux]], Misri * [[Fronto na wenzake]] 70, Misri * [[Frumensyo]], Ethiopia * [[Galikani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Abba Garima|Garima]], Ethiopia * [[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Gaudioso wa Napoli]], Tunisia * [[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo]], Moroko * [[Gelasi wa Nilopoli]], Misri * [[Geranus]], Misri * [[Gerasimo wa Yordani]], Misri * [[Gereoni na wenzake|Gereoni, Kasius, Gregori Maurus, Florenti, Inosenti, Konstantino, Viktori]] na wenzao, Misri * [[Grani na wenzake|Grani, Hilari, Donati, Konsesi na Saturnini]], Misri * [[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abba Guba|Guba]], Ethiopia * [[Gudene]], Tunisia * [[Habetdeus wa Teudali]], Tunisia * [[Helaniki na Begei]], Misri * [[Heliodori na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Heraklemon]], Ethiopia * [[Herakli na Zosimo]], Tunisia * [[Herme wa Numidia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hesiki wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hilarioni wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hipoliti wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hor, Susia na wanao]] Hor na Agatho, Misri * [[Hor wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Hortulani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Hugal na wenzake|Hugal, Emiliani, Motani, Safo, Sterkori na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ifigenia]], Ethiopia * [[Inosenti askofu]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Irene wa Misri]] * [[Irenei wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ireus na Atanasi]], Ethiopia * [[Isaka Mdalmatia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Kellia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Tiphre]], Misri * [[Isidora mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Isidora Mpumbavu]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Kio]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Misri]] * [[Isidori wa Skete]], Misri * [[Iskirioni na wenzake|Iskirioni, Foibamoni, Orsenufi, Belfius, Origen na Petro]], Misri * [[Iskirioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Januari, Masima, Makaria, Konsesa, Timori na Koneksi]], Tunisia * [[Januari na Marino]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jermani, Selestini na Santina]], Misri * [[Jokondiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jovenale wa Narni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Julia wa Corsica]], Tunisia * [[Juliani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Juliani na Basilisa]], Misri * [[Juliani na Eunus]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (patriarki)]], Misri * [[Juliani na Sesari|Juliani wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Julius mfiadini]], Misri * [[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati]], Algeria * [[Kaisi na wenzake|Kaisi, Kwintasi, Septimini, Venusti, Beatus, Sekundi, Donati, Sereni, Kresensi, Niseti, Vitalis, Firmini, Herakli na Eusebi]], Tunisia * [[Kalojero wa Sisilia]], Tunisia * [[Kandida]], Tunisia * [[Kandidi na Piperioni]], Misri * [[Kandidi na wenzake]] 21, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kanio wa Atella]], Tunisia * [[Karagoni]], Misri * [[Karas mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Karioni wa Misri]] * [[Kasiani wa Autun]], Misri * [[Kasiani wa Tanja]], [[Moroko]] * [[Kasio na Fiorenso]], Misri * [[Kasto na Emilio]], Tunisia * [[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastrese]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Kastuli, Modesti, Rogato, Zotiko]] na wenzao 40 au 50, Misri * [[Katerina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Kato, Jermana, Geronsi, Januari, Julius, Paulo, Pia, Saturnini, Suksesi]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Katulino na wenzake|Katulino, Adauti, Felisi, Florenti, Fortunansiani, Januari, Julia, Setimini na Yusta]], Tunisia * [[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Keladioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Kedroni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Keremoni na wenzake]], Misri * [[Keremoni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kikosi cha Thebe]], Misri * [[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Klaudi na wenzake]] 194, Misri * [[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Klaudiani, Sipriani, Donati, Felisi, Januari, Juliani, Lusiani, Marsiani, Marsiali, Petro, Kwiriani, Vikta na Vitalis]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kluthi]], Misri * [[Kointa]], Misri * [[Kolegus na Kolotus]], Misri * [[Koluthi]], Misri * [[Kononi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Konstantino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati]], Libya * [[Korus na wenzake|Korus, Katulini, Faustini, Felisi, Felisi, Nabori, Pleni, Salunus, Saturnini, Silvi, Soluti, Theodora, Theodori, Theoni, Ursus, Valeri, Venusti, Viktorini, Vikturus na Vitalis]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresenti wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresenti wa Bizasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresentiani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali]], Tunisia * [[Kreskoni wa Tripoli]], Libya * [[Kreskoni, Zeno, Menandri, Karini, Arioni, Ipoliti, Diodoro, Menelanti, Atora, Petro, Lambese, Lusiani na Felisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Krisanto na Daria|Krisanto]], Misri * [[Krispina wa Tagora]], Algeria * [[Krispini mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kroni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Kronide, Leonsi, Serapioni, Seleusi, Stratoni na Valeriani]], Misri * [[Kukufas]], Tunisia * [[Kwadrato mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Kwadrato wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Kwartilosa na wenzake]] 2, Tunisia * [[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Kwintiani, Denisi, Juliani, Lucho, Paulo]] na wenzao 15, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Kwintiani, Eleuteri, Gayo, Aleksanda na Saturnini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwinto na wenzake|Kwinto, Simplisi, Pompini, Paulo, Aritife, Kresto, Digno, Datulo, Felisiani, Musa, Rogasyani, Martiri, Orati, Evasi, Viktoria, Privati, Tino, Salvatori, Sito, Teturo, Vitoriko, Seliano, Setimino, Rustiko, Basa, Lucania, Onorati, Saturnini, Sesiliana, Namfamoni, Felisi, Vinsenti, Aresto, Museo, Sidino na Adiuto]], Moroko * [[Laurenti na Ignasi]], Tunisia * [[Leonidas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Leonides wa Thebe]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Leto wa Nefta]], Tunisia * [[Leucho wa Brindisi]], Misri * [[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Liberati, Bonifasi, Servyo, Rustiko, Rogati, Setimo na Masimo]], Tunisia * [[Liboso wa Beja]], Tunisia * [[Abba Likano|Likano]], Ethiopia * [[Likarioni na Potamiona]], Misri * [[Lonjino wa Pamaria]], Algeria * [[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Lucho, Montano, Juliano, Vitoriko, Vikta na Donasiani]], Tunisia * [[Lukio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Lusiani, Metrobi, Paulo, Zenobi, Theotimo na Drusi]], Libya * [[Mabikira Wafiadini (16 Desemba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Makari Mkuu]], Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria]] (Makari Kijana), Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Makari wa Fayum]], Misri * [[Makari wa Libya]], Misri * [[Makroni wa Thoni]], Misri * [[Maksimiliani wa Tebessa]], Algeria * [[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati]], Algeria * [[Mamas wa Awlatos]], Misri * [[Mames na Diskus]], Misri * [[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori]], Misri * [[Mansueti wa Urusi]], Tunisia * [[Mapaliko na wenzake|Mapaliko, Baso, Fortunio, Paulo, Fortunata, Viktorino, Viktori, Eremio, Kredula, Ereda, Donato, Firmo, Venusto, Frukto, Julia, Marziale na Aristone]], Tunisia * [[Marcellus wa Tanja]], Morocco * [[Maria wa Misri]], Misri * [[Mariano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Mariano, Yakobo, Sekondiani, Konkordi, Marinus, Heliodori, Saturnini, Silvani]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi]], Misri * [[Markiano II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Marko, Marsiano na wenzao]], Misri * [[Marko mkaapweke (Libya)]] * [[Marko mkaapweke (Misri)]] * [[Marko mtawa]], Misri * [[Markulo wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Marseli wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Marselino, Satuli, Prokula, Kwiriako, Rejina na Saturnini]] na wenzao 4, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Embrun]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marsiali, Laurenti na wenzao]] 20, Algeria * [[Marsiana wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Marsiano, Jukundi, Tolomea, Filipo, Yohane na Akra]], Misri * [[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Marsiano, Nikandro, Apolonio, Leonida, Areyo, Gorjo, Iperkio, Selenio, Irene na Pamboni]], Misri * [[Martha mfiadini]], Misri * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao]] 2, Algeria * [[Marusi, Restiti na Julius]], Tunisia * [[Masima bikira]], Algeria * [[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda]], Tunisia * [[Masimiani wa Bagai]], Algeria * [[Masimino wa Aix]], Algeria * [[Masimo na Domasi]], Misri * [[Masimo padri mfiadini]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Vuchim]], Misri * [[Mauro mfiadini]], Moroko * [[Mauro wa Parenzo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mavilus]], Tunisia * [[Medilama]], Misri * [[Melania Kijana]], Algeria * [[Melas]], Misri * [[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia]], Misri * [[Melki wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Memno wa Misri]] * [[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo]], Misri * [[Mena wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Mena wa Misri|Menas]], Misri * [[Metras, Saturnini, Tirso, Vikta, Tarsisi, Zotiko na Siriako]], Misri * [[Meuris wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Abuna Aregawi|Mikaeli wa Aragave]], Ethiopia * [[Misaeli mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Modesti, Juliani na Posina]], Tunisia * [[Modesti na Amoni]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Modesti wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Mohrael]], Misri * [[Monika]], Algeria * [[Mora wa Benhor]], Ethiopia * [[Morisi Mtakatifu|Morisi]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Moses wa Psammaniu]], Misri * [[Murita wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Musa Mwafrika]], Ethiopia * [[Musa Mwarabu]], Misri * [[Nabore]], Algeria * [[Namfamo]], [[Mijin]], [[Sanami]], [[Luchita]], [[Namfamo|Adyuto, Aresto, Artifa, Besa, Datulo, Degno, Evasi, Felisi, Felisiani, Kresto, Kwarti, Kwinti, Lukania, Martiri, Mose, Museo, Onorato, Orato, Paulo, Pompini, Privati, Reduktula, Rogasiani, Rustiko, Salvatori, Saturnini, Setimini, Sesiliana, Seliani, Sidini, Simplisi, Sito, Teturo, Tino, Vikta, Viktorino, Vikturi, Vinsenti]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Nemesi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Nemesiani na wenzake|Nemesiani, Feliche, Lucho, Feliche, Liteo, Poliano, Vikta, Iader na Dativus]], Algeria * [[Neopuli]], Misri * [[Nikanda mfiadini]], Misri * [[Nilamoni]], Misri * [[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini]], Misri * [[Nino na wenzake|Nino, Vikta, Nobilitani, Mariani, Lusius, Tinus, Kresensi, Rufiniani, Donati, Defensa, Rustisi, Serviliani, Sokrate, Veneri, Januari, Mustoli, Kwintini, Memi, Isitani, Magnili, Prima, Donata, Severa, Viktoria na Basilia]], Moroko * [[Numidiko]], Tunisia * [[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori]], Misri * [[Oktaviani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Oliva wa Palermo]], Tunisia * [[Orikuli]], Tunisia * [[Orioni, Emili na Agnati]], Misri * [[Orisi mmonaki]], Misri * [[Ospisi wa Nizza]], Misri * [[Otimus]], Misri * [[Pafnusi Mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tentyra]], Misri * [[Pakomi]], Misri * [[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni]], Misri * [[Palemoni]], Misri * [[Pambo wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Pansofi]], Misri * [[Abba Panteleoni|Pantelewon]], Ethiopia * [[Papias na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Papiniani wa Vita]], Tunisia * [[Parmeni na wenzake|Parmeni, Herakli, Eliasi, Apoloni, Eudomi, Anovi na Publi]], Misri * [[Patapi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Patermuti na wenzake|Patermuti, Kopra na Aleksanda]], Misri * [[Paterni wa Roma]], Misri * [[Paulo Mnyofu]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Paulo wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Paulo, Suksesi, Viktorini, Saturus, Misor, Geronsi, Lukresya, Januari, Agapiti, Krusesus, Eufra, Floridus na Teokosi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Peleo, Nilo, Elio na Patermusi]], Misri * [[Pelusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Perpetua Mtakatifu|Perpetua]], [[Felista Mtakatifu|Felista]], [[Revocatus]] [[Saturninus]], [[Saturus]] na [[Sekondinus]] na wenzao, Tunisia * [[Petro na Afrodisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro III wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro, Severus na Leucho]], Misri * [[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Petro, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wenzao 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro wa Ethiopia]] * [[Petroni wa Misri]] * [[Piamun]], Misri * [[Pijimi]], Misri * [[Piniani]], Algeria * [[Pior]], Misri * [[Pishoi]], Misri * [[Pitirim wa Misri]] * [[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Plutarko, Potamiena, Sereno, Eraklide, Erone, Sereno, Eraide na Marsela]], Misri * [[Poemen]], Misri * [[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili]], Misri * [[Polikarpo wa Misri]] * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania|Polius na Eutiki]], Algeria * [[Ponsyo wa Pradleves]], Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Porfiri wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Porfiri wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Potamoni na wenzake|Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Potamoni wa Herakleopoli]], Misri * [[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Primo na Donato]], Algeria * [[Primo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Prisko, Kastrensi, Tamaro, Rosyo, Herakli, Sekundini, Auditori, Marko, Augusti,Elipidi, Kanioni na Vindomi]], Algeria * [[Pristi na wenzake|Pristi, Sevi, Kwadrati, Sundofagi, Astusi, Diomede, Zotiko, Zatamgeli na Moisei]], Misri * [[Proteri]], Misri * [[Proto na Yasinto]], Misri * [[Publi wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Juliani, Marseli, Marubi, Juliani, Barasea, Tulius, Lampasi, Majoli, Julius, Paulo, Maksimila, Publio na Juliani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Saturnini, Mauriani, Libosi na Vinsensia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Vikta, Herme na Papias]], Moroko * [[Quintiani wa Rodez]], Tunisia * [[Rais bikira]], Misri * [[Rebeka wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Restituta wa Teniza]], Tunisia * [[Restitutus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Revokati, Saturi, Felisi, Saturnini na Gelasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Revokati, Saturnini, Saturi na Sekunduli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ripsime na wenzake]], Misri * [[Rogasyani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Rogati mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati na Suchesi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino, Marko na Valeri]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino na Rufo]], Misri * [[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Rufo, Prisko, Optioni, Amoni, Yusto, Abdas, Asenei, Silvani, Magnili, Paternika, Septimia, Julia, Potamia na Hospia]], Moroko * [[Rufo wa Misri]] * [[Rustiko wa Lambesa]], Algeria * [[Rutilio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Sabino, Lusiani, Petro, Amabili, Nonina, Salvus, Agripiani, Medaduli na Respektati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino wa Minya]], Misri * [[Saizana]], Ethiopia * [[Saloni na wenzake|Saloni, Masimo, Hilari na Konsesi]], Moroko * [[Salusi]], Ethiopia * [[Salutari wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Salvius]], Tunisia * [[Samueli wa Kalamun]], Misri * [[Sara na wanae]], Misri * [[Sara wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Sarmata]], Misri * [[Satiro wa Milano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Saturnini, Klaudi, Primo, Flaviani, Zotiko, Asteri, Karo na Saturi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Saturnini, Nerei na Serea]], Algeria * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (askofu)]], Tunisia * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (padri)]], Tunisia * [[Saturninus wa Abitina|Saturninus]], [[Dativus]], [[Viktoria wa Abitina|Viktoria]] na [[Wafiadini wa Abitina|wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Sebastiani wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Abba Sehma|Sehma]], Ethiopia * [[Sekondino wa Apulia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sekundi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Sekundo wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Sekundulo na Romulo]], Algeria * [[Selerina wa Karthago]], Tunisi * [[Selerino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Seleuko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Semproni wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Senuthi wa Buasti]], Misri * [[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Serapioni, Trofimo, Melei, Evangeli, Proposi, Atali, Zeno, Makrobi, Menei na Trofima]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]] (wako watatu), Misri * [[Serapioni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Serboni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Serdo askofu]], Misri * [[Sereali, Populi, Kayo, Serapioni na Proteri]], Misri * [[Servus wa Tuburbium]], Tunisia * [[Sesari wa Nazienzi]], Misri * [[Sesari wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Sesili wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Severi mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini]], Algeria * [[Severianus na Akwila]], Algeria * [[Shamul wa Taraphia]], Misri * [[Silvani, Rutuli, Klasiki, Sekundi, Fruktuli, Masimo, Damasi, Paulo na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Silvano wa Terracina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simeoni na Yohane]], Misri * [[Simeoni wa Thou]], Misri * [[Simfroni na Ipoliti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simoni wa Tapcho]], Misri * [[Sinkletika]], Misri * [[Siprila wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Siriaki na Paula]], Tunisia * [[Siriaki, Apolinari, Saturnini, Beliko, Persei, Krisini, Primo na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Sirili, Rogati, Felisi, Beati, Herenia, Felisita, Urbani, Silvani, Mamili, Dasiani na Jokundi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirius askofu]], Tunisia * [[Sirius na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Siro na Yohane]], Misri * [[Siro wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Sisini wa Tantatho]], Misri * [[Sisoi Mkuu]], Misri * [[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa]], Misri * [[Sofia wa Misri]] * [[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Scilla|Speratus na wenzake]], Tunisia * [[Suksesi, Paulo na Lusio]], Tunisia * [[Amma Talida|Talida]], Misri * [[Tamaro wa Benevento]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tekle Hawarjat na Gebre Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Temeda, Armeni na wenzao]], Misri * [[Teodoli]], Misri * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Terensi na wenzake|Terensi, Afrikano, Masimo, Pompeo, Zeno, Aleksanda, Theodoro]] na wenzao 33 au 43, Tunisia * [[Thadei mfiadini]], Ethiopia * [[Thais]], Misri * [[Thea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Theodora wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Misri]] * [[Theodori wa Shotep]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Tabennese]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Enaton]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pherme]], Misri * [[Theodosi I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodoto wa Libya]] * [[Theofili na Heladi]], Libya * [[Theofredi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Theogene]] na wenzake 36, Algeria * [[Theonas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theonas wa Misri]] * [[Theotiko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Shenshif]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Tanphot]], Misri * [[Tigre]], Misri * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Timotheo I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo Msomaji]] na mkewe [[Maura]], Misri * [[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tipasi]], Algeria * [[Titoes]], Misri * [[Tolemayo bin Eparki]], Misri * [[Tomais wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Trifoni wa Misri]] * [[Trofimo na Tiberi]], Misri * [[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni]], Misri * [[Urbani wa Jerba]], Tunisia * [[Urso wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Valeriano wa Avensano]], Tunisia * [[Varo na wenzake]], Misri * [[Vendemiale]], Tunisia * [[Verena wa Zurzach]], Misri * [[Veruli, Sekundini, Sirisi, Felisi, Servuli, Saturnini na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viatori wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Viche wa Sabrata]], Libya * [[Vikta askofu]], Tunisia * [[Vikta Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta na Maloso]], Misri * [[Vikta na Stefano]], Misri * [[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vikta wa Afrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta wa Asyut]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Kaisarea]], Algeria * [[Vikta mfiadini (20 Julai)|Vikta mfiadini]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Marseille]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Solothurn]], Misri * [[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori, Marinus, Perpetua, Julia, Honori, Urbani na Privatula]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori wa Vita]], Algeria * [[Viktoria wa Culusi]], Tunisia * [[Viktoria wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Viktoriani, Frumenti na wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Viktorini, Eusiri, Paulo, Donati na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktorini, Vikta, Nisefori, Klaudiani, Dioskoro, Serapioni na Papias]], Misri * [[Vikturus na wenzake|Vikturus, Evasi, Privati, Januaria, Donata, Spisina, Kwirili na Makari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vinsenti wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vitalis wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Wadamun]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika (6 Januari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (16 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (30 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (17 Machi)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (10 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aquae Regiae]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa gonjwa la Sipriani]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Ijumaa Kuu wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Afrika (12 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (9 Februari)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (13 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (356)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Misri (21 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Lycopolis]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Masula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Misri ya Juu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa Pentekoste wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Raithu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sais]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Shiheet]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sufetula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Voli]], Tunisia * [[Massa Candida|Wafiadini wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]], Misri * [[Wanas]], Misri * [[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane]], Misri * [[Yared wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abba Yemata|Yemata]], Ethiopia * [[Yeremia mfiadini]], Misri * [[Yohane I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Yohane Mbilikimo]], Misri * [[Yohane Mwenyehuruma]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Bizane]], Ethiopia * [[Yohane wa Misri]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Senhout]], Misri * [[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni]], Misri * [[Yosefu wa Panefo]], Misri * [[Yusta na Eredina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto na Theoklia]], Misri * [[Yusto na wenzake]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (askofu)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Zosimo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Zota mfiadini]], Libya {{div col end}} ==Karne za Kati== Baada ya [[Waarabu]] kuteka [[Afrika Kaskazini]] yote ([[karne ya 7]]), Kanisa Katoliki karibu lilitoweka barani humo. Walibaki zaidi Wakristo wa Kikopti kuanzia Misri hadi Ethiopia, wakiwa na [[wamonaki]] wengi sana. Kati ya watakatifu waliowahi kuishi au kufika Afrika katika [[karne za kati]] maarufu zaidi ni: * [[Meiraksi]], mfiadini (hadi 640, Misri) * [[Eumeni wa Gortina]], askofu kutoka [[Krete]], [[Ugiriki]] (karne ya 7 hivi, Misri) * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (patriarki)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], [[patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kikopti]] (hadi 680, Misri) * [[Simeoni I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 699, Misri) * [[Esiki wa Sinai]], mmonaki wa [[Waorthodoksi|Kiorthodoksi]] (karne ya 7 - [[karne ya 8]], Misri) * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 729, Misri) * [[Kosma I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 730, Misri) * [[Theodoro I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 742, Misri) * [[Febronia wa Akhmim]], bikira mfiadini kutoka [[Syria]] (hadi 749, Misri) * [[Mikaeli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 767, Misri) * [[Yohane IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 799, Misri) * [[Marko II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 819, Misri) * [[Yakobo wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Simeoni II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Yosefu I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 849, Misri) * [[Mikaeli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 851, Misri) * [[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Joji wa Cordoba]], mmonaki shemasi (kabla ya 852, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Eutimi wa Sardi]], askofu mkuu wa [[Sardi]] (804 hivi, [[Pantelleria]]) * [[Kosma II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 858, Misri) * [[Elia wa Enna]], mmonaki [[Basil wa Caesarea|Mbazili]] kutoka [[Sicilia]] (859-878, Misri na nchi nyingine) * [[Shenuda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 880, Misri) * [[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni]], wafiadini kutoka [[Italia]] (890, Tunisia) * [[Mikaeli III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 907, Misri) * [[Gabrieli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 920, Misri) * [[Kosma III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 932, Misri) * [[Makari I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 953, Misri) * [[George El Mozahem]], mfiadini wa Kikopti (940-969, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 978, Misri) * [[Simoni Mshonangozi]], [[mlei]] wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Pafnusi wa Nitria]], askofu wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Simoni wa Mercurio]], mmonaki wa [[Basil wa Caesarea|Kibazili]] kutoka Italia (karne ya 10, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Bononi]], [[mmonaki]] [[Mbenedikto]] kutoka Italia (975-995, Misri) * [[Zakaria wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1032, Misri) * [[Simeoni wa Siracusa]], mmonaki shemasi kutoka Italia na Ugiriki (miaka kadhaa hadi 1026) * [[Sirili II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1092, Misri) * [[Mikaeli IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1102, Misri) * [[Makari II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1128, Misri) * [[Gabrieli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1145, Misri) * [[Mikaeli V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1146, Misri) * [[Bashinuna]], mmonaki mfiadini wa Kikopti (hadi 1164, Misri) * [[Girgis wa Asiut na wenzake]] 5,000, wafiadini (hadi 1169, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Matha]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Watrinitari]] aliyefanya utume Afrika Kaskazini mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 13]] * [[Iyasus Mo'a]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1214-1294) * [[Fransisko wa Assisi]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] aliyetangaza [[Injili]] Misri (1219) * [[Berardo mfiadini|Berardo, Petro, Oto, Akursius na Adiutus]], Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini nchini Moroko (1220) * [[Danieli mfiadini|Danieli, Anyelo, Samweli, Domino, Leo, Ugolino na Nikola]] Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini huko [[Ceuta]], mpakani mwa Moroko (1227) * [[Ramon Nonat]], padri wa [[Wamersedari]] (kati ya 1225 na 1239, Algeria) * [[Serapioni wa Algiers|Serapioni Scott]], padri mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1240, Algeria) * [[Petro Nolasco]], mwanzilishi wa Wamersedari (1245, Algeria) * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]] (1250 hivi, Misri) * [[Parsoma]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1257-1317, Misri) * [[Louis IX]], [[mfalme]] wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyefariki Tunisia (1270) * [[Wiliamu Saggiano]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1270, Algeria) * [[Ewostatewos]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1273-1352) * [[Petro Kamino]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1284, Tunisia) * [[Matia Marko]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Antonio Vallesio]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Pere Ermengol]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1304, Algeria) * [[Tekle Haymanot]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1215-1313) * [[Aleksanda wa Sisili]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1317, Tunisia) * [[Gulielmo wa Firenze]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1330, Algeria) * [[Benyamini II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1339, Misri) * [[Filotheo wa Durunka]], mfiadini (hadi 1380, Misri) * [[Samweli wa Dabra Wagag]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1350 hadi mwanzo wa [[karne ya 15]]) * [[Absadi]], [[mmonaki]] mfiadini wa [[Eritrea]] (hadi 1381) * [[Petro wa Mt. Maria]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Simoni wa Lara]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Petro wa Bearn]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1364, Tunisia) * [[Mathayo I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1408, Misri) * [[Severino Gallo]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1419, Algeria) * [[Giyorgis wa Segla]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1365-1425) * [[Mathayo II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1465, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Grenada]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Petro Malasanch]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Jeromu wa Pratis]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1431, Tunisia) * [[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1437, Moroko) * [[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (Moroko) * [[Diego wa Alkala]], [[bruda]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] (1441-1450, [[Visiwa vya Kanari]]) * [[Laurenti Company]], mkuu wa [[Wamersedari]] (1452-1467, Tunisia) * [[Kristos Samra]], mwanamke mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Samweli wa Waldebba]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Gebre Menfes Kidus]], mmonaki wa Misri nchini Ethiopia ==Nyakati zetu== Kati ya walioishi baadaye kuna (miaka na nchi ya Afrika alipoishi): * [[Salib]], mfiadini (hadi 1512, Misri) * [[Gabrieli VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1570, Misri) * [[Embakomu]], mmonaki (1489-1565, Ethiopia) * [[Lebna Dengel]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1500-1540) * [[Benedikto Mwafrika]], mtawa wa Ndugu Wadogo (mtoto wa watumwa, [[Sicilia]], [[Italia]]) * [[Yosefu wa Anchieta]], padri wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1534-1548, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Fransisko Saveri]], padri wa Wajesuiti (1541-1542, [[Msumbiji]]) * [[Yohane XIV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1586, Misri) * [[Walatta Petros]], (1592-1642, Ethiopia) * [[Fasilides]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1603-1667) * [[Vinsenti wa Paulo]], padri mwanzilishi wa mashirika mawili (1605-1606, Tunisia) * [[Petro wa Betancur]], mtawa mwanzilishi (1626-1649, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Yasay]], mmonaki ([[karne ya 17]], Ethiopia) * [[Gerasimo Palladas]], patriarki wa Kiorthodoksi kutoka Ugiriki (1688-1710, Misri) * [[Ibrahim El-Gohary]], [[waziri mkuu]] wa Misri (hadi 1795, Misri) * [[Moallem Malati]], mfiadini (hadi 1803, Misri) * [[Yosefu El Abah]], askofu (hadi 1826, Misri) * [[Sidhom Bishay]], mfiadini (hadi 1844, Misri) * [[Petro VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1852, Misri) * [[Sirili IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1816-1861, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Faiyum]], askofu wa Wakopti (1829-1914, Misri) * [[Sirili V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1831-1927, Misri) * [[Emilia wa Vialar]], bikira mwanzilishi (1832-1852, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Misri) * [[Justino de Jacobis]], askofu wa [[Wavinsenti]] (1838-1860, Ethiopia na [[Eritrea]]) * [[Antoni Maria Claret]], askofu mwanzilishi wa shirika (1848-1849, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Wafiadini wa Uganda]] (1851-1887, [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]]): ** [[Karolo Lwanga]] ** [[Matias Mulumba Kalemba]] ** [[Andrea Kaggwa]] ** [[Atanasi Bazzekuketta]] ** [[Gonzaga Gonza]] ** [[Noe Mawaggali]] ** [[Luka Banabakintu]] ** [[Yakobo Buzabaliawo]] ** [[Gyavira Musoke]] ** [[Ambrosio Kibuuka]] ** [[Anatoli Kiriggwajjo]] ** [[Achile Kiwanuka]] ** [[Kizito]] ** [[Mbaga Tuzinde]] ** [[Mugagga Lubowa]] ** [[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]] ** [[Adolfo Mukasa Ludigo]] ** [[Bruno Sserunkuma]] ** [[Yohane Maria Muzei]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Dionisi Ssebuggwawo]] ** [[Ponsyano Ngondwe]] ** [[Mukasa Kiriwawanvu]] * [[Mariam Baouardy]], bikira wa [[Wakarmeli Peku]], [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kimelkiti]] (1854-1859, Misri) * [[Onesimo Nesib]], mmisionari [[Mlutheri]] wa [[Waoromo]] (1856-1931, Ethiopia) * [[Daniel Comboni]], askofu Mkatoliki na mwanzilishi (1857-1881, Misri, [[Sudan]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]) * [[Josefina Bakhita]], bikira wa shirika la [[Wakanosa]] (1869-1885, Sudan na Misri) * [[Yakobo Berthieu]], padri na mfiadini wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1875-1896, [[Madagaska]]) * [[Charles de Foucauld]], padri mkaapweke na mfiadini (1858-1916, Algeria) * [[Makari III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1872-1945, Misri) * [[Habib Girgis]], shemasi wa Kikopti (1876-1951, Misri) * [[Abdel Messih El-Makari]], mmonaki padri wa Kikopti (1892-1963, Misri) * [[Sirili VI wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1902-1971, Misri) * [[Yusto El-Antony]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1910-1976, Misri) * [[Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly]], padri mfiadini wa Kikopti (1918-1978, Misri) * [[Wafiadini wa Kosheh]], (karne ya 20-2000, Misri) * [[Wafiadini Wakopti wa Libya]] (karne ya 20-2015, Misri, Libya) * [[Matthew Ayariga]], mfiadini (karne ya 20-2015, [[Ghana]], Libya) ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == {{refbegin}} * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/ "Hagiography Circle"] * {{cite book | last = O'Malley | first = Vincent J. | title = Saints wa Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/saintsofafrica0000omal | publisher = Our Sunday Visitor | year = 2001 | ISBN = 0-87973-373-X }} {{refend}} [[Category:Orodha za watu]] [[Category:Watakatifu Wakristo]] [[Category:Watu wa Afrika]] ieeg2umun3r3886eaxq0oa4gisqh1of 0 117631 1594598 1535041 2026-09-05T12:31:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594598 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siemiradzki_Martyrdom_of_Saints_Timothy_and_Maura.jpg|thumb|Kifodini cha Timotheo na Maura.]] '''Maura''' (pia: '''Moura'''; alifariki [[286]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Antinoe]], [[Misri]], aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake pamoja na [[mume]] wake [[Timotheo Msomaji]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-maura-of-antinoe</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92749</ref>. Baada ya kupigiliwa [[Msumari|misumari]] [[Ukuta|ukutani]] aliteseka [[siku]] 9 kabla hajafa. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[3 Mei]]<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum'', Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107</ref> au [[25 Septemba]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 286]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] 1qctkkcgfkhd9vr3vaj5aet8oma65mb 0 117633 1594597 1535188 2026-09-05T12:30:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594597 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Siemiradzki_Martyrdom_of_Saints_Timothy_and_Maura.jpg|thumb|[[Mfiadini|Kifodini]] cha Timotheo na Maura.]] '''Timotheo Msomaji''' (alifariki [[286]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Antinoe]], [[Misri]], aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake pamoja na [[mke]] wake [[Maura]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian]]<ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-timothy-of-antinoe</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92749</ref>. Baada ya kupigiliwa [[Msumari|misumari]] [[Ukuta|ukutani]] aliteseka [[siku]] 9 kabla hajafa.[[Baba]] yake alikuwa [[padri]] Pikolposos. Timotheo alipaswa kunakili na kutunza [[vitabu]] vya [[ibada]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[3 Mei]]<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum'', Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 286]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] mhg52mpkv1zdxw8ag61vtoe57xchyes 0 124956 1594620 1512242 2026-09-05T14:44:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594620 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:san_feliciano.JPG|thumb|200px|right|[[Sanamu]] ya Mt. Felisiani huko [[Foligno]].]] '''Felisiani wa Foligno''' ([[San Giovanni Profiamma]], karibu na [[Foligno]], [[Umbria]], [[Italia]], [[160]] hivi - Foligno, [[24 Januari]] [[249]]) anayehesabika kuwa [[askofu]] wa kwanza wa eneo hilo lote kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[204]] hadi [[kifo]] chake <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |title=Patron Saints Index: Saint Felician of Foligno |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026075349/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |archivedate=2007-10-26 }}</ref>. Tangu zamani anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] [[tarehe]] [[24 Januari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Maisha== [[uinjilishaji|Aliinjilisha]] mapema sehemu kubwa ya [[mkoa]] wa Umbria wa leo<ref>[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90911 San Feliciano di Foligno</ref>- Akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 90 hivi aliteswa kwa kukataa [[ibada]] kwa [[miungu]] ya [[Dola la Roma]], akafa wakati wa kuburutwa kuelekea [[Roma]] kuuawa<ref>[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0124.shtml Saint of the Day, January 24: ''Felician of Foligno & Messalina''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0124.shtml |date=20091129051057 }} ''SaintPatrickDC.org''. Retrieved 2012-03-08.</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071026075349/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm Felician of Foligno] *[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90911 San Feliciano di Foligno] *[http://www.sanfeliciano.it/ San Feliciano] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 160]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 249]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] mg84ch05gcpmmfdn2f9qlhd9wpc5tjj 0 127445 1594616 1534466 2026-09-05T14:31:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594616 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ravenna, S.Apollinare nuovo, SS. Anatolia & Vittoria.JPG|thumb|Anatolia na Viktoria katika maandamano ya mabikira na wafiadini. [[Mozaiki]] ya [[karne ya 6]] katika [[Basilica di Sant'Apollinare Nuovo]], huko [[Ravenna]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki katika eneo la [[Lazio]] ya leo, [[Italia]], [[250]] hivi) walikuwa [[wasichana]] [[Wakristo]] waliouawa kutokana na [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Decius]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90699</ref><ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90643</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], pengine pamoja na Audaksi <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/Detailed/91099.html</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[10 Julai]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.anadolutayfasi.net anadolutayfasi.net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anadolutayfasi.net/ |date=20080827195419 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 250]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] c7q0473iclu4jzdrj3vv25963ioxb6w 0 128403 1594596 1537614 2026-09-05T12:26:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1594596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siriako na Arkelao''' (walifariki [[Ostia]], karibu na [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[235]] hivi) ni kati ya [[shahidi|mashahidi]] wa [[imani]] ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] waliouawa katika [[makao makuu]] ya [[Dola la Roma]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[serikali]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Alexander Severus]] <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/67320</ref>. Inasemekana Siriako alikuwa [[askofu]] na Arkelao [[shemasi]] wake. Pengine anatajwa pamoja nao [[Upadri|padri]] Masimo. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kati ya [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[23 Agosti]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 235]] [[Jamii:maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] pca8dncdfury41q6muqtnonjsiei5el 0 148084 1594625 1594460 2026-09-05T15:26:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lydia Zynnell Zuh''' (alizaliwa [[18 Julai]] [[1990]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Ghana]], [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]], [[mtayarishaji]], mtu wa televisheni na mfadhili ambaye anatoka katika eneo la [[Volta (mto)|Volta]] [[Ghana|nchini Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//Actress-Zynnel-Zuh-strips-down-to-her-lingerie-626534 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archivedate=2019-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012112427/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/Actress-Zynnel-Zuh-strips-down-to-her-lingerie-626534 }}</ref> Alijiunga na tasnia ya [[filamu]] ya [[Ghana]] mwaka wa [[2004]] na tangu wakati huo amepokea tuzo kadhaa kwa kazi yake zikiwemo, Glitz Style Awards, City People Entertainment Awards na Golden Movie Awards .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/ameyaw-debrah-yvonne-okoro/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archivedate=2018-08-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829073655/https://ameyawdebrah.com/ameyaw-debrah-yvonne-okoro/ }}</ref><ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/glitz-style-awards-zynnell-zuh-is-the-serena-williams-of-ghanas-red-carpet/qx64rsc</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/48275/actress-zynnell-zuh-breaks-the-internet-with-red.html</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/celebrating-zynnell-zuh-her-top-10-red-carpet-moments/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205112024/https://www.glitzafrica.com/celebrating-zynnell-zuh-her-top-10-red-carpet-moments/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maisha yake ya elimu. == '''Zynnel Zuh''' alizaliwa mjini [[Accra|Accra, Ghana.]] Alipata elimu yake ya sekondari katika shule ya sekondari ya wesley Girls, kisha akahitimu shahada ya kwanza katika masomo ya Jiografia na taaluma za habari kutoka chuo kikuu cha Ghana<ref>{{Citation|title=Zynnell Zuh|date=2025-08-02|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zynnell_Zuh&oldid=1303882394|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-01-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] 40dl79y7vtxvet2lox4sv5tqow74t24 0 180386 1594699 1329907 2026-09-06T05:36:32Z Mishinga Tz 92176 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 1594699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mwanasiasa | jina ='Masenate Mohato Seeiso | nchi = | picha =Queen 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha =Picha iliyopunguzwa ya Malkia 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso wa Lesotho akitembelea Bunge la Kitaifa la Wales (Senedd), Cardiff, Wales. | cheo 1 = | bunge la = | jimbo la uchaguzi = | chama = | tar. ya kuingia bunge = | alirudishwa mwaka = | aliondoka = | cheo 2 =Mwanasiasa | kuingia 2 = | kutoka 2 = | akitanguliwa na 2 = | akifuatwa na 2= | tarehe ya kuzaliwa =2 Juni 1976 | mahali pa kuzaliwa = | kifo = | dini = | elimu = | digrii = | kazi = | tovuti= |mengine= | }} '''Masenate Mohato Seeiso''',<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180210034440/http://www.gov.ls/gov_webportal/arms%20of%20state/the%20office%20of%20the%20king/office_of_the_king.html</ref> alizaliwa Anna Karabo Motšoeneng, tarehe 2 Juni 1976, ni Malkia wa Lesotho kama mke wa Mfalme Letsie III wa Lesotho. Yeye alikuwa raia wa kawaida wa kwanza katika historia ya kisasa kuolewa katika familia ya kifalme ya Lesotho. Tangu awe malkia, amekuwa mdhamini wa mashirika kadhaa ya hisani na amefanya kazi kukuza miradi inayohusiana na HIV/AIDS. == Maisha ya awali == Queen 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso alizaliwa Anna Karabo Motšoeneng katika [[Hospitali]] ya Maluti Adventist huko Mapoteng katika Wilaya ya Berea, akiwa ni binti mkubwa kati ya [[Mtoto|watoto]] watano wa Thekiso Motšoeneng na mkewe 'Makarabo. Alibatizwa jina la Anna katika Kanisa Katoliki la Kiroma. Mwaka 1990, Queen 'Masenate alijiunga na Machabeng International College huko Maseru na alisoma huko hadi mwaka 1996, akimaliza Cheti cha [[Elimu]] ya Sekondari cha Kimataifa na Stashahada ya Kimataifa ya IB. Wakati akisoma chuo kikuu, alishiriki katika huduma ya kijamii na Shule ya Angela kwa Watu wenye Ulemavu na Kituo cha Viziwi. Mwaka 1997, alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Taifa cha Lesotho (NUL)ambapo alisomea Shahada ya Sayansi; masomo yake yalisitishwa na uhusiano wake na Mfalme Letsie III wa Lesotho.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/647779.stm</ref> Yeye ni mwanafunzi wa lugha ya Kifaransa katika Alliance Française. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} bvaicpx02lqquehg1qoq5wdo4hexjap 4 208508 1594621 1594577 2026-09-05T14:54:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 9716 || ↓ -13.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 55.8 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 617 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 4 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 7 || [[Ethiopia]] || 254 || ↓ -2.3% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 245 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 225 || ↓ -22.1% |- | 10 || [[Misri]] || 195 || ↓ -49.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} fgerqgouschlpubc1hbxck9fklgb2w5 1594623 1594621 2026-09-05T14:57:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18825 || ↓ -9.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 108.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3049 || ↑ +28.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 617 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -7.4% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 375 || ↓ -20.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 303 || ↓ -26.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} f8f1h700a5rkpxq9b7iu7i459ud8juu 1594653 1594623 2026-09-05T20:10:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18825 || ↓ -9.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 108.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3049 || ↑ +28.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 617 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -7.4% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 375 || ↓ -20.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 303 || ↓ -26.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} jp5g5brqtozl4tx0aelavbh25mny10l 1594654 1594653 2026-09-05T20:11:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 498 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3049 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 617 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1189 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 347 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 303 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 320 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 642 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 2 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18825 || ↓ -9.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 108.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3049 || ↑ +28.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 617 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -7.4% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 375 || ↓ -20.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 303 || ↓ -26.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} rthcn8tf66pe8c2mhaso3d76g832qph 1594693 1594654 2026-09-06T03:47:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18825 || ↓ -9.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 108.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3049 || ↑ +28.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 642 || ↑ +1237.5% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 617 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 498 || ↓ -7.8% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 403 || ↓ -7.4% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 375 || ↓ -20.0% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 347 || ↓ -1.4% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 320 || ↑ +10.7% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -15.2% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 303 || ↓ -26.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 9kptla4ohpl65bev5418xv68nwb1fog 1594694 1594693 2026-09-06T04:03:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5385 || ↓ -8.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 652 || ↑ +1178.4% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 492 || ↓ -9.1% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 349 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 321 || ↑ +9.6% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -14.8% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 156 || ↓ -12.4% |- | 7 || [[Botswana]] || 150 || ↑ +74.4% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 144 || ↓ -20.9% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 131 || ↓ -72.8% |- | 10 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -13.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} fixvqw0majldmlaojg17xy1vkpfqrlw 1594707 1594694 2026-09-06T07:18:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5385 || ↓ -8.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 652 || ↑ +1178.4% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 492 || ↓ -9.1% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 349 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 321 || ↑ +9.6% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -14.8% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 156 || ↓ -12.4% |- | 7 || [[Botswana]] || 150 || ↑ +74.4% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 144 || ↓ -20.9% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 131 || ↓ -72.8% |- | 10 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -13.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 0uktzfiaxl96otqja94ddasxgrkr9p9 1594708 1594707 2026-09-06T07:20:40Z Gayle157 73366 1594708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5385 || ↓ -8.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 652 || ↑ +1178.4% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 492 || ↓ -9.1% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 349 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 321 || ↑ +9.6% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -14.8% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 156 || ↓ -12.4% |- | 7 || [[Botswana]] || 150 || ↑ +74.4% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 144 || ↓ -20.9% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 131 || ↓ -72.8% |- | 10 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -13.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} eb1ftnv8mxf597wbj10x7eg2fy8dk16 1594709 1594708 2026-09-06T07:20:59Z Gayle157 73366 1594709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5385 || ↓ -8.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 652 || ↑ +1178.4% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 492 || ↓ -9.1% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 349 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 321 || ↑ +9.6% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -14.8% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 156 || ↓ -12.4% |- | 7 || [[Botswana]] || 150 || ↑ +74.4% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 144 || ↓ -20.9% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 131 || ↓ -72.8% |- | 10 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -13.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} spc39ezfmymddp8z3wwrw1t5e3zzl0l 1594753 1594709 2026-09-06T10:37:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1594753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5385 || ↓ -8.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 30.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Nepal]] || 652 || ↑ +1178.4% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 492 || ↓ -9.1% |- | 3 || [[Burundi]] || 349 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 321 || ↑ +9.6% |- | 5 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -14.8% |- | 6 || [[Nigeria]] || 156 || ↓ -12.4% |- | 7 || [[Botswana]] || 150 || ↑ +74.4% |- | 8 || [[Australia]] || 144 || ↓ -20.9% |- | 9 || [[Hispania]] || 131 || ↓ -72.8% |- | 10 || [[Malawi]] || 124 || ↓ -13.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 40.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} reluztin56huynxzij6hei2g0edk1y0 1594754 1594753 2026-09-06T10:41:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1594754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 408 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 492 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3253 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 621 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1123 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 351 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 349 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 294 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 652 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 3 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35021 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18976 || ↓ -7.6% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 109.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3253 || ↑ +36.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 652 || ↑ +1178.4% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 621 || ↓ -23.3% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 492 || ↓ -9.1% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 408 || ↓ -4.2% |- | 6 || [[Urusi]] || 351 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 349 || ↓ -2.2% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 321 || ↑ +9.6% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 306 || ↓ -14.8% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 294 || ↓ -25.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 525 || 41.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 137 || 10.7% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 6l9rb34xpqzmur6797f52td5yndagee 0 231347 1594713 1567239 2026-09-06T07:48:20Z Muddyb 379 1594713 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:John Rambo.jpg|thumb|[[Sylvester Stallone]] kama [[John Rambo]] kwenye filamu ya ''[[Rambo III]]'' (1988). Filamu hii ilitolewa katika muongo ambao neno "action" (mapigano) lilianza kuwa aina (genre) ya kipekee mara kwa mara katika masuala ya matangazo na mapitio ya filamu.{{sfn|Kendrick|2019|p=36}}]] '''Filamu ya mapigano''' (kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: '''action film''') ni [[aina ya filamu]] ambayo kwa kiasi kikubwa huonyesha matukio ya kufuatana, mapigano, mirindimo ya risasi, milipuko, na kazi za hatari (stunts). Maelezo mahususi ya nini kinajumuisha filamu ya mapigano yamekuwa katika mjadala wa kitaaluma tangu miaka ya 1980. Wakati wasomi wengine kama [[David Bordwell]] walipendekeza kuwa hizi ni filamu zinazopendelea mandhari ya kuvutia kuliko usimulizi wa hadithi, wengine kama Geoff King walieleza kuwa huruhusu matukio hayo ya kuvutia yaendane na usimulizi wa hadithi. Filamu za mapigano mara nyingi huchanganywa na aina nyingine za filamu, zikijumuika katika mifumo mbalimbali kama vile [[filamu za vichekesho]], filamu za [[bunilizi ya kisayansi]], na [[filamu za kutisha]]. Ingawa neno "action film" au "action adventure film" lilitumika mapema miaka ya 1910, tafsiri ya kisasa kwa kawaida hurejelea filamu iliyokuja na kuingia kwa [[New Hollywood]] na kuongezeka kwa mashujaa wasio na sifa za kawaida walioonekana katika filamu za Marekani mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960 na 1970 wakichota maudhui kutoka kwenye [[filamu za vita]], [[filamu za uhalifu]] na [[Filamu za Western|Westerns]]. Aina hizi zilifuatiwa na kile kinachoitwa "kipindi cha asili" katika miaka ya 1980. Hii ilifuatiwa na enzi ya baada ya kipindi cha asili ambapo filamu za mapigano za Marekani ziliathiriwa na [[filamu za mapigano za Hong Kong]] na kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya vionjo vya kompyuta katika filamu. Kufuatia [[Shambulio la 11 Septemba 2001|mashambulizi ya Septemba 11]], kurejea kwa mifumo ya awali ya aina hiyo kulionekana kufuatia filamu za ''[[Kill Bill]]'' na mfululizo wa filamu za ''[[The Expendables]]''. Scott Higgins aliandika mwaka 2008 katika jarida la ''[[Cinema Journal]]'' kuwa filamu za mapigano ni moja ya aina za filamu maarufu zaidi na wakati huohuo zinazokosolewa zaidi katika sinema za kisasa, akieleza kuwa "katika mijadala mikuu, aina hii ya filamu mara kwa mara hushambuliwa kwa kupendelea mandhari ya kuvutia kuliko simulizi iliyopangwa vizuri."{{sfn|Higgins|2008|p=74}} Bordwell alikariri hili katika kitabu chake, ''The Way Hollywood Tells It'', akiandika kuwa mapokezi ya aina hiyo ya filamu ni kama "ishara ya kile ambacho Hollywood hukifanya vibaya zaidi."{{sfn|Bordwell|2006|p=104}} == Sifa == Katika jarida la ''[[Journal of Film and Video]]'', Lennart Soberson alieleza kuwa aina ya filamu ya mapigano imekuwa mada ya mjadala wa kitaaluma tangu miaka ya 1980.{{sfn|Soberson|2021|p=19}} Soberson aliandika kuwa sifa zinazojirudia za aina hiyo ni pamoja na matukio ya kufuatana, mapigano, mirindimo ya risasi, milipuko, na kazi za hatari, wakati wasomi wengine walisisitiza kuwa kuna sifa zaidi za msingi zinazofafanua aina hiyo ya filamu.{{sfn|Soberson|2021|p=19}} [[David Bordwell]] katika ''The Way Hollywood Tells It'' aliandika kuwa watazamaji "huambiwa kuwa mandhari ya kuvutia hushinda usimulizi" katika sinema ya mapigano wakati [[Wheeler Winston Dixon]] alikariri kuwa filamu hizi zilitambulika kwa "mandhari ya kuvutia yaliyopitiliza" kama "jaribio la kukata tamaa la kuficha ukosefu wa maudhui."{{sfn|Bordwell|2006|p=104}}{{sfn|Dixon|2000|p=4}} Geoff King alidai kuwa mandhari ya kuvutia yanaweza pia kuwa chombo cha usimulizi, kinyume na kuingiliana nacho.{{sfn|King|2000|p=4}} Soberson alieleza kuwa Harvey O'Brien alikuwa na "labda uelewa wenye nguvu zaidi wa aina hii ya filamu", akisema kuwa filamu ya mapigano "inaeleweka vyema kama mchanganyiko wa muundo na maudhui. Inawakilisha wazo na maadili ya mapigano kupitia muundo ambao mapigano, msisimko na harakati ni vitu muhimu zaidi."{{sfn|Soberson|2021|p=19}} O'Brien aliandika zaidi katika kitabu chake ''Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back'' akipendekeza kuwa filamu za mapigano ni za kipekee na si mfululizo tu wa matukio ya mapigano, akieleza kuwa huo ndio ulikuwa utofauti kati ya ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (1981) na ''[[Die Hard]]'' (1988), kwamba ingawa zote zilikuwa filamu kubwa za Hollywood (blockbusters) zenye shujaa anayedhihirisha uanaume na kushinda vikwazo kwa ajili ya suluhisho la kibinafsi na kijamii, [[John McClane]] katika ''Die Hard'' akifyatua bastola yake ya otomatiki mara kwa mara huku akining'inia kwenye jengo refu hakuendana na taswira ya [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]] katika ''Raiders'' akizungusha mjeledi wake ili kuwafukuza wahalifu katika mitaa ya Cairo.{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=6}} Mwandishi na msomi wa Uingereza [[Yvonne Tasker]] alipanua mada hii, akieleza kuwa filamu za mapigano hazina picha (iconography) au mazingira yaliyo wazi na ya kudumu. Katika kitabu chake ''The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film'' (2015), aligundua kuwa mada zinazofanana zaidi huwa ni harakati za wahusika kutafuta uhuru kutoka kwa ukandamizaji, kama vile shujaa kushinda maadui au vikwazo na migogoro ya kimwili au changamoto, kwa kawaida akipambana na binadamu wengine au wapinzani kutoka anga za mbali.{{sfn|Tasker|2015|p=2}} Kufikia masomo ya uchambuzi wa aina za filamu ya mwishoni mwa miaka ya 2010, neno "genre" (aina) lenyewe mara nyingi hubadilishwa au kuongezewa na maneno "mode" (mfumo) na "narrative form" (muundo wa usimulizi) huku maneno yote matatu yakitumiwa kwa kubadilishana.{{sfn|Höglund|Soltysik Monnet|2018|p=1302}} [[Johan Anders Höglund|Johan Höglund]] na Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet walisema kuwa tofauti kati ya dhana hizi ni ngumu kueleweka, lakini walieleza kuwa "genre" inaweza kufafanuliwa kama inayomilikiwa na nyakati maalum za kihistoria na kitamaduni wakati "mode" na "form" vinaweza kurejelea muundo mpana unaofanya kazi katika nyanja pana ya kihistoria na kitamaduni.{{sfn|Höglund|Soltysik Monnet|2018|p=1302}} Katika kitabu chao ''Action Cinema Since 2000'' (2024), Tasker, Lisa Purse, na Chris Holmlund walieleza kuwa kufikiria mapigano kama "mode" (mfumo) kunasaidia zaidi kuliko kuyafikiria kama "genre" (aina).{{sfn|Holmlund|Purse|Tasker|2024|p=1}} Waandishi hao watatu walipendekeza kuwa mapigano huweka muundo wa namna fulani ya utengenezaji na utazamaji wa filamu unaovuka mipaka ya aina bila kuifunika, wakieleza kuwa tovuti kama [[IMDb]] na [[Wikipedia]] mara chache huweka alama kwenye filamu kwa aina moja tu na kwamba huduma za utiririshaji (streaming services) kama [[Amazon Prime]] na [[Netflix]] vivyo hivyo hupunguza kile kinachouzwa na kupokelewa kama filamu ya mapigano.{{sfn|Holmlund|Purse|Tasker|2024|p=1}} == Historia == Katika sinema za kimataifa, kuna mienendo mikuu miwili katika filamu za mapigano: filamu za mapigano za Hollywood na mtindo wake unaoigwa kote ulimwenguni, na upande wa pili ni filamu za sanaa ya mapigano (martial arts) za lugha ya Kichina.{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=147}} Mizizi ya filamu za mapigano inaanzia mwanzo kabisa wa sinema, lakini ilikuwa katikati ya karne ya 20 ambapo filamu za mapigano zilikua na kuwa aina (genre) inayotambulika yenyewe badala ya kuwa mkusanyiko wa aina nyingine za filamu kama vile Westerns, swashbucklers au filamu za matukio (adventure films).{{sfn|Kendrick|2019|p=36}} Filamu zimeelezewa kama "filamu za mapigano" (action films) au "filamu za mapigano na matukio" (action-adventure films) mapema tangu miaka ya 1910.{{sfn|Soberson|2021|p=19}}{{sfn|Willemen|2005|p=226}} Ni kufikia miaka ya 1980 tu ambapo neno "action" kama aina ya kipekee lilianza kutumika mara kwa mara katika masuala ya matangazo na taratibu za mapitio ya filamu.{{sfn|Kendrick|2019|p=36}} === Filamu za mapigano za Hong Kong === {{Main|Sinema za mapigano za Hong Kong}} Filamu za kwanza za sanaa ya mapigano za lugha ya Kichina zinaweza kufuatiliwa kwenye sinema za Shanghai mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1920. Filamu hizi zilikuwa maarufu kipindi hicho, zikijumuisha karibu asilimia 60 ya jumla ya filamu zote za Kichina. Man-Fung Yip alieleza kuwa filamu hizi zilikuwa "tulivu kiasi" kwa viwango vya sasa.{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=4}} Aliandika kuwa zilikosa aina ya mpangilio wa mapigano (action choreography) wa kuvutia kama unavyotarajiwa leo na zilikuwa na vionjo maalum duni na vya msingi.{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=4}} Filamu hizi zilianza kushambuliwa sana na maafisa wa serikali na wasomi wa kitamaduni kwa madai ya kuwa na mienendo ya kishirikina na kianaki, jambo lililopelekea kupigwa marufuku mwaka 1932. Haikuwa hadi kituo cha utengenezaji wa filamu za kibiashara za Kichina kilipohamishiwa kutoka Shanghai kwenda Hong Kong mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1940 ndipo sinema za sanaa ya mapigano zilifufuliwa. Filamu hizi zilikuwa na sifa nyingi za kipindi kilichopita. Katika kipindi hiki, zaidi ya filamu 100 zilitokana na matukio ya shujaa wa kweli wa kienyeji wa Cantonese, [[Wong Fei-hung]], ambaye alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye filamu mwaka 1949. Filamu hizi zilisambaa zaidi ndani ya Hong Kong na maeneo yanayozungumza Kikantonese yenye watu wa asili ya China (diaspora).{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=5}} Yip aliendelea kusema kuwa filamu hizi za Hong Kong bado zilikuwa nyuma katika viwango vya urembo na ufundi ikilinganishwa na filamu kutoka Marekani, Ulaya, na Japani katika kipindi hicho.{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=157}} Yip alielezea sinema ya Japani kama iliyoendelea zaidi barani Asia wakati huo. Hii ilionyeshwa na mafanikio ya kimataifa ya filamu za [[Akira Kurosawa]] kama vile ''[[Rashomon]]'' (1950).{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=157}} Aina ya filamu inayojulikana kama ''[[Samurai cinema|chanbara]]'' ilikuwa kwenye kilele chake nchini Japani. Mtindo huo ulikuwa aina ndogo (sub-genre) ya ''[[Jidaigeki|jidai-geki]]'', au tamthilia za kihistoria (period drama) zenye msisitizo kwenye mapigano ya panga na vitendo.{{sfn|Sharpe|2011|p=43}} Ilikuwa na kiwango sawa cha umaarufu na kile cha [[Western (filamu)|Western]] nchini Marekani. Filamu zilizojulikana zaidi kimataifa katika enzi hii zilikuwa filamu za Kurosawa kama vile ''[[Seven Samurai]]'' (1954), ''[[The Hidden Fortress]]'' (1958), na ''[[Yojimbo]]'' (1961).{{sfn|Sharpe|2011|p=44}} Kufikia angalau miaka ya 1950, filamu za Kijapani zilitazamwa kama kielelezo cha kuigwa na utengenezaji wa filamu wa Hong Kong, na makampuni ya filamu ya Hong Kong yalianza kuajiri wataalamu kutoka Japani kwa bidii, kama vile mpiga picha wa sinema (cinematographer) Tadashi Nishimoto ili kuchangia katika sinema za rangi na skrini pana.{{sfn|Yip|2017|p=157}} Vyanzo vipya vya fasihi pia vilistawi katika filamu za sanaa ya mapigano za kipindi hiki, huku ''xinpai wuxia xiaoshuo'' (au "hadithi za sanaa ya mapigano za shule mpya") zikipata umaarufu kutokana na mafanikio ya kazi ya [[Liang Yusheng]] iitwayo ''Longhu Dou Jinghua'' (1954) na ya [[Jin Yong]] iitwayo ''Shujian enchou lu'' (1956) ambazo zilionyesha ushawishi wa filamu za sanaa ya mapigano za Shanghai lakini pia zilisambaa kutoka Hong Kong kwenda Taiwan na jumuiya za Wachina nje ya nchi. Hii ilisababisha ongezeko la mahitaji katika masoko ya ndani na ya kikanda mapema miaka ya 1960 na kuonekana kwa ongezeko la utengenezaji wa filamu za sanaa ya mapigano za Hong Kong zilizovuka hadithi za Wong Fei-hung ambazo zilikuwa zinaanza kupoteza umaarufu.{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=6}} Filamu hizi mpya za sanaa ya mapigano zilionyesha mapigano ya panga ya ajabu, viwango vya juu vya utengenezaji na vionjo maalum vya kisasa zaidi kuliko filamu za awali, huku kampuni ya [[Shaw Brothers Studio|Shaw Brothers]] ikianzisha kampeni ya filamu za mapigano ya panga za "shule mpya" (''xinpai'') kama vile ''Temple of the Red Lotus'' (1965) ya Xu Zenghong na ''[[Come Drink with Me]]'' (1966) ya [[King Hu]].{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=6-7}} [[Picha:Bruce Lee 1973 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Umaarufu wa [[Bruce Lee]] ulivutia watazamaji wa ulimwengu mzima kwa [[filamu za kung fu]], hata hivyo kazi yake ilikatishwa kufuatia kifo chake cha mapema mwaka 1973, jambo lililopelekea kupungua kwa umaarufu wa sanaa hiyo.{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=8}}]] Katika miaka ya 1970, filamu za sanaa ya mapigano za Hong Kong zilianza kukua chini ya mfumo wa ''yanggang'' ("uanaume thabiti") zaidi kupitia filamu za [[Chang Cheh]] ambazo zilikuwa maarufu. Mpito huu ulipelekea kuanza kwa aina ndogo (sub-genre) ya [[filamu ya kung fu]] mwanzoni mwa muongo huo na kuvuka filamu za mapigano ya panga kwa kutumia mazingira ya kisasa ya mwishoni mwa kipindi cha Qing au mapema kipindi cha Jamhuri, na zilikuwa na mapigano zaidi ya ana kwa ana (hand-to-hand combat) kuliko mapigano ya panga ya ajabu na vionjo maalum.{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=7}} Studio mpya, [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]], haraka ikawa moja ya studio zilizowaruhusu watengenezaji filamu uhuru wa kibunifu na malipo mazuri, na kuvutia waongozaji na waigizaji wapya, akiwemo [[Bruce Lee]].{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=7-8}} Umaarufu wa filamu za kung fu na Bruce Lee ulipelekea kuvutia watazamaji wa kimataifa wa filamu hizi nchini Marekani na Ulaya, lakini ulikatishwa na kifo cha Lee mwaka 1973, jambo lililopelekea umaarufu wa kipindi hicho kupungua.{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=8}} Baada ya kipindi cha mdororo, Chang Cheh na [[Lau Kar-leung]] walihuisha aina hiyo kwa filamu za kung fu za shaolin na mfululizo wa filamu za mapigano ya panga zenye giza za [[Chor Yuen]] zilizotokana na riwaya za [[Gu Long]].{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=8}} Vichekesho vya Kung Fu vilionekana vikimshirikisha [[Jackie Chan]] wakati filamu za sanaa ya mapigano zilipostawi kuelekea miaka ya 1980. Filamu nyingine tena zilifanya mfumo huo kuwa wa kisasa kwa filamu za majambazi (gangster films) za [[John Woo]] (''[[A Better Tomorrow]]'' (1986), ''[[The Killer (1989 film)|The Killer]]'' (1989)) na sakata la Wong Fei Hung kurejea katika filamu ya [[Tsui Hark]] iitwayo ''[[Once Upon a Time in China]]'' ikimshirikisha [[Jet Li]], ambayo tena ilihuisha filamu zenye mtindo wa mapigano ya panga.{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=8}} Kufikia mwanzoni mwa karne, filamu za mapigano za Hollywood zilianza kuitazama sinema ya Hong Kong na kuwachukua baadhi ya waigizaji na waongozaji wao wakuu ili kutumia mtindo wao kwenye filamu zao, kama vile Chan, Woo, Li, [[Michelle Yeoh]] na [[Yuen Woo-Ping]].{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=8-9}} Kutolewa kwa filamu ya [[Ang Lee]] ya ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]'' (2000) kulipelekea filamu za sanaa ya mapigano za lugha ya Kichina kupata hadhi ya kutolewa ulimwenguni kote, hususan filamu za [[Zhang Yimou]] za ''[[Hero (2002 film)|Hero]]'' (2002) na ''[[House of Flying Daggers]]'' (2004), filamu ya [[Stephen Chow]] ya ''[[Kung Fu Hustle]]'' (2004) na ya [[Chen Kaige]] ya ''[[The Promise (2005 film)|The Promise]]'' (2005).{{sfn|Yip|2017|pp=9}} Filamu nyingi za mapigano za Hong Kong katika robo ya kwanza ya karne ya 21, kama zile za ''[[Cold War (2012 film)|Cold War]]'' (2012), ''[[Cold War 2 (film)|Cold War 2]]'' (2016) na mfululizo wa filamu za [[The White Storm (film series)|''The White Storm'']] zimepunguziwa ukali wa vurugu zake, hususan ikilinganishwa na kazi za awali za waongozaji kama Woo na [[Johnnie To]].{{sfn|Chen|2022|p=118}} Antong Chen, katika utafiti wake juu ya filamu ya mapigano ya Hong Kong, aliandika kuwa ushawishi wa China na idadi ya ushirikiano wa utengenezaji wa filamu kati ya China na Hong Kong ilileta mabadiliko katika filamu hizi, hususan kufuatia kutolewa kwa ''[[Infernal Affairs]]'' (2002).{{sfn|Chen|2022|p=120}} === Filamu za mapigano za Hollywood === Harvey O'Brien aliandika mwaka 2012 kwamba filamu ya kisasa ya mapigano iliibuka kupitia aina nyingine za filamu, kimsingi [[Western (filamu)|Westerns]], [[filamu za uhalifu|uhalifu]] na [[filamu za vita]], na inaweza kugawanywa katika mifumo minne: hatua ya uundaji (formative), ya asili (classical), ya baada ya asili (post-classical) na hatua ya mamboleo (neoclassical).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=12}} [[Yvonne Tasker]] alikariri hili katika kitabu chake kuhusu filamu za mapigano na [[filamu za matukio]], akisema kuwa filamu za mapigano zilikuja kuwa aina inayojitegemea wakati wa kipindi cha [[New Hollywood]] cha miaka ya 1970.{{sfn|Tasker|2015|p=2}} [[Picha:Steve-McQueen-1968.jpg|thumb|[[Steve McQueen]] mwaka 1968, mwaka ambao filamu ya ''Bullitt'' ilitolewa.]] Filamu za hatua ya uundaji zilikuwa za kuanzia miaka ya 1960 hadi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 ambapo [[Antihero|shujaa asiye na sifa za kawaida]] (Anti-hero) anaonekana kwenye sinema, akishirikisha wahusika ambao hutenda na kuvuka mipaka ya sheria na misingi ya kijamii. Hii inaonekana awali katika filamu kama ''[[Bullitt]]'' (1968) ambapo afisa wa polisi mkali analinda jamii kwa kusimamia sheria dhidi ya ufisadi wa kimfumo. Hali hii ilienea katika filamu ambazo O'Brien alizielezea kama "majibu ya haraka" (knee-jerk responses) dhidi ya vitisho vinavyohisiwa, zikiwa na askari waasi na [[filamu za kujichukulia sheria mkononi]] (vigilante films) kama vile ''[[Dirty Harry]]'' (1971) na ''[[Death Wish (filamu ya 1974)|Death Wish]]'' (1974) ambapo urejeshaji wa amani unawezekana tu kwa nguvu na wahusika wasiofuata kanuni za kijamii walio tayari kuchukua hatua wakati jamii inaposhindwa.{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=12}} Harakati za kujichukulia sheria mkononi zinaonekana tena katika filamu nyingine zilizokuwa zikitumia hali ya jamii ya kusini mwa Marekani kama ''[[Billy Jack]]'' (1971) na ''[[White Lightning (filamu ya 1973)|White Lightning]]'' (1973) na vichekesho vya "good ol' boy" kama ''[[Smokey and the Bandit]]'' (1977). Enzi hii pia inasisitiza matukio ya kufukuzana kwa magari kama nyakati za kuvutia (spectacle) katika filamu kama ''Bullitt'' na ''[[The French Connection (filamu)|The French Connection]]'' (1971). O'Brien alizielezea filamu hizi kama zinazosisitiza "muungano wa mwanadamu na mashine" huku madereva na magari yao wakifanya kazi kama kitu kimoja, ikihitimishwa na kile alichokielezea kama "kilele cha hali ya kisasa ya maangamizi na ufutaji wa kijamii" katika filamu ya ''[[Mad Max 2]]'' (1981).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=13}} O'Brien alielezea mfumo wa asili (classical form) wa sinema ya mapigano kuwa ni wa miaka ya 1980. Muongo huo uliendeleza mienendo ya kipindi cha uundaji kukiwa na mashujaa kama walipiza kisasi (''[[Lethal Weapon]]'' (1987)), maafisa wa polisi waasi (''[[Die Hard]]'' (1988)) na wapiganaji mamluki (''[[Commando (filamu ya 1985)|Commando]]'' (1985)). Kufuatia mwendelezo wa mchanganyiko wa gari na mwanadamu wa muongo uliopita, miaka ya 1980 ilishirikisha wanaume waliogeuzwa kuwa silaha ambao aidha walikuwa wamebeba silaha kama katika ''[[Sudden Impact]]'' (1983), waliofunzwa kuwa silaha (''[[American Ninja]]'' (1985)) au waliowekewa teknolojia miilini mwao (''[[RoboCop]]'' (1987)).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=13}} O'Brien alibainisha kuwa mienendo ya uundaji katika hatua hii ilikuwa imekuwa ya "aina inayotambulika kote" (identifiably generic) huku viwanda vya filamu vikianza kuzalisha filamu hizi kwa wingi wakati wa muongo huo; watayarishaji kama [[Joel Silver]] na makampuni kama [[The Cannon Group, Inc.]] walianza kutengeneza mifumo ya utengenezaji wa filamu hizi kwa bajeti kubwa na ndogo.{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|pp=13-14}} Filamu za mapigano za enzi hii zina mizizi katika usimulizi wa hadithi wa asili, haswa zikitokana na [[filamu za sanaa ya mapigano]] na Westerns, na zimejengwa kwenye muundo wa sehemu tatu (three-act structure) unaozingatia selivabo (survival), upinzani na ulipizaji kisasi kukiwa na simulizi ambapo mwili wa shujaa hujaribiwa, huumizwa na hatimaye hupata ushindi.{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=14}} Mabadiliko ya tatu katika sinema ya mapigano, yaitwayo "baada ya asili" (postclassical), yalifafanuliwa na kutawala kwa sinema ya Mashariki na urembo wake, kimsingi matumizi ya kamba (wire-work) ya [[sinema ya mapigano ya Hong Kong]] kutoka enzi ya asili, kupitia mbinu ya kuongezeka kwa vionjo vya kutengenezwa na kompyuta (CGI). Hali hii ilishuhudia kupungua kwa sifa za kiume zilizopitiliza (overt masculinity) katika filamu za mapigano ambako kuliendana na mwisho wa [[Vita Baridi]] mwaka 1991, huku kukiwa na ongezeko la filamu zinazojirejelea na vichekesho vya kejeli (parodies) vya enzi hii vilivyokua katika filamu kama ''[[Last Action Hero]]'' (1993). O'Brien alielezea enzi hii kama "laini" ambapo miili migumu ya enzi ya asili ilibadilishwa na picha za kutengenezwa na kompyuta kama ile ya ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]'' (1991).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=15}} Hii ilionyeshwa ikiendana na wasiwasi wa milenia na hali ya maangamizi (apocalypticism) iliyoonyeshwa kwenye filamu kama ''[[Independence Day (filamu ya 1996)|Independence Day]]'' (1996) na ''[[Armageddon (filamu ya 1998)|Armageddon]]'' (1998).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=15-16}} Filamu za mapigano za uharibifu mkubwa zilianza kuhitaji wahusika wenye sifa za kishujaa zaidi (super heroic) huku marekebisho zaidi ya vitabu vya vibonzo (comics) yakifanywa kukiwa na ongezeko la mazingira yasiyo ya uhalisia kwenye filamu kama ''[[The Matrix]]'' (1999).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=16}} Hatua ya nne iliwadia kufuatia [[mashambulizi ya Septemba 11]] mwaka 2001, ambayo yalishauri mwisho wa vipengele vya njozi vilivyokuwa vikimtafsiri shujaa wa mapigano na aina hiyo ya filamu.{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=16}} Kutolewa kwa filamu za [[Quentin Tarantino]] za ''[[Kill Bill: Volume 1]]'' (2003) na ''[[Kill Bill: Volume 2]]'' (2004) kulirejelea mbinu za filamu za mapigano za miaka ya 1970, na kupelekea kurejea kwa simulizi za ulipizaji kisasi katika filamu kama ''[[The Brave One (filamu ya 2007)|The Brave One]]'' (2007) na ''[[Taken (filamu)|Taken]]'' (2008). O'Brien aligundua kuwa filamu za Tarantino zilikuwa mtazamo wa [[post-modern]] juu ya maudhui yaliyojiondoa kwenye dhihaka ili kurejesha "uhalisia wa kisinema (cinephile) wa mbinu za aina hiyo ya filamu."{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=16}} Aina hii ya filamu ilizunguka na kurudi mwanzo ikifufua filamu za kipindi cha asili kukiwa na ''[[Live Free or Die Hard]]'' (2007) na ''[[Rambo (filamu ya 2008)|Rambo]]'' (2008) zikionyesha wahusika wakipita kwenye ulimwengu wa kisasa huku pia wakitambua umri wao, jambo lililofikia kilele chake katika filamu ya ''[[The Expendables (filamu ya 2010)|The Expendables]]'' (2010).{{sfn|O'Brien|2012|p=16}} Filamu za mapigano na mfululizo (franchise) zilizofanikiwa zaidi kibiashara katika karne ya 21 zimekuwa ni marekebisho ya vitabu vya vibonzo, ambayo yalianza na ''[[X-Men (mfululizo wa filamu)|X-Men]]'' na kuonekana katika mfululizo mingine kama ''[[Spider-Man katika filamu|Spider-Man]]'', na mfululizo wa ''[[Iron Man]]''.{{sfn|Tasker|2015|p=179}}{{sfn|Tasker|2015|p=182}} Tasker aliandika kwamba licha ya wahusika wakuu katika sinema za mashujaa (superhero cinema) kuwa wa ajabu, wakati mwingine hata kama miungu, mara nyingi walifuata nyayo za mhusika mkuu kuwa na nguvu jambo ambalo ni la msingi katika filamu za mapigano, mara nyingi likishughulikiwa kupitia hadithi za asili (origin stories) katika filamu za mashujaa.{{sfn|Tasker|2015|p=180}} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] m1esimz2l3gt5ssekztq78uppinyeki 0 244764 1594631 1593427 2026-09-05T16:17:45Z Ciseleur 77885 Tengua pitio [[Special:Diff/1593427|1593427]] lililoandikwa na [[Special:Contributions/~2026-46971-90|~2026-46971-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-46971-90|Majadiliano]]): Cross-wiki LTA 1594631 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lally Cadeau''' (jina halisi: '''Alice Mary Cadeau''', alizaliwa [[Burlington]], [[Ontario]]<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lally-cadeau|title=Lally Cadeau|last=Roe|first=Aaron F.|work=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-12-13|archive-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214072159/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lally-cadeau/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/03/01/this_rose_still_in_bloom.html|title=This Rose still in bloom|last=Ouzounian|first=Richard|date=2008-03-01|work=Toronto Star|access-date=2017-12-13|language=en-CA|issn=0319-0781|archive-date=14 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214073751/https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/03/01/this_rose_still_in_bloom.html|url-status=live}}</ref>, [[10 Nopember 1958]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa jukwaani, televisheni, filamu na redio. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] t1oyq2ex5ig37ejmw8n9gvstnaae3r1 0 248492 1594622 1594527 2026-09-05T14:55:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tobias Lütke''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Kanada]] mwenye uraia wa [[Ujerumani]] na dereva wa mbio za magari ambaye ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Shopify, kampuni ya e-commerce yenye makao yake [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Kanada. Anashindana katika Mashindano ya IMSA SportsCar ya 2025 akiendesha katika LMP2 kwa Era Motorsport.<ref name="happyscribe">{{cite web |url=https://www.happyscribe.com/public/the-knowledge-project-with-shane-parrish/41-tobi-lutke-the-trust-battery |title=The Knowledge Project #41: Tobi Lutke - The Trust Battery |publisher=HappyScribe |access-date=2024-03-15}}</ref><ref name="theobservereffect">{{cite web |url=https://www.theobservereffect.org/tobi.html |title=Tobi |publisher=The Observer Effect |access-date=2025-01-27 |archive-date=2024-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705142052/https://www.theobservereffect.org/tobi.html}}</ref><ref name=theglobeandmail>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/sb-growth/success-stories/fluke-and-luck-shopifys-co-founder-profited-from-both/article4575360/?page=all|title=Fluke and luck: Shopify's co-founder profited from both|date=October 5, 2012|access-date=April 30, 2015}}</ref><ref name=tobi.lutke.com>{{cite web|url=https://tobi.lutke.com/|title=THE CASE FOR SWAGGER: CANADIANS HAVE A LOT TO BE PROUD OF|date=May 22, 2018|access-date=November 15, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-12-05 |title=Lütke joins Era Motorsport for LMP2 run; Dalziel, Chatin and Hansson in for Daytona |url=https://racer.com/2024/12/05/lutke-joins-era-motorsport-for-lmp2-run-dalziel-chatin-and-hansson-in-for-daytona/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=RACER |language=en-US}}</ref> Lütke amekuwa sehemu ya timu ya msingi ya mfumo wa Ruby on Rails na ameunda maktaba za chanzo huria kama Active Merchant. Kufikia 2022, alikuwa mtu wa kanada wa 11 tajiri zaidi. Kufikia Agosti 2025, utajiri wake ulikuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 12.3. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nzq0bxedcai6dlkcici0bhl7mour6k7 0 248519 1594601 1594581 2026-09-05T12:42:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leonardo Del Vecchio''' ( [[22 Mei]] [[1935]] – [[27 Juni]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Luxottica, mzalishaji na muuzaji mkubwa zaidi wa miwani na muafaka duniani, na wafanyakazi 77,734 na zaidi ya maduka 8,000. Wakati wa kifo chake, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 24.1, mtu wa pili tajiri zaidi nchini Italia, na wa 54 duniani.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/from-laurene-powell-jobs-to-leonardo-del-vecchio-opportunity-knocks-for-the-world-s-richest-people-1.13639/|title=From Laurene Powell Jobs to Leonardo del Vecchio, opportunity knocks for the world's richest people {{!}} The National|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/luxottica-group/|title=Luxottica Group on the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies List|website=Forbes|access-date=2016-05-16}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Leonardo Del Vecchio alizaliwa tarehe 22 Mei 1935 huko [[Milano|Milan]], Italia, katika familia maskini kutoka [[Barletta]], Italia Kusini. Baba yake alikuwa mchuuzi wa mboga wa mitaani ambaye alifariki kabla ya kuzaliwa kwake na mama yake tayari alikuwa na watoto wengine wanne; alikulia katika makao ya yatima. Alianza kazi yake kama mwanafunzi wa fundi wa zana na vifaa huko Milan, lakini aliamua kugeuza ujuzi wake wa ufundi wa chuma kutengeneza sehemu za miwani. Mwaka 1961, alihamia Agordo katika mkoa wa Belluno, ambao ni makao ya sehemu kubwa ya tasnia ya miwani ya Italia. Kampuni mpya ilikuwa Luxottica s.a.s., ubia wenye dhima ndogo. Washirika wake walikuwa Francesco Da Cortà (1922–1981) na Vittorio Toscani (1927–1966) kutoka mkoa wa Cadore. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] fmufjyazijxqz11vx8i3rumhzxb8w25 0 248520 1594590 1594589 2026-09-05T11:59:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Gideon Okello''' ([[26 Oktoba]] [[1937]] - [[1971]] hivi) alikuwa [[Wafanyakazi|mfanyakazi]] wa [[Uganda]] ambaye alihamia [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]] mwaka [[1959]] alipojiunga na [[Afro-Shirazi Party]] ili kuweka [[uongozi]] mikononi mwa [[Waafrika]], ambao ndio wengi katika [[funguvisiwa la Zanzibar]] (230,000 hivi). [[Mwaka]] [[1964]] aliongoza [[mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]] ambayo yalimuondoa [[madaraka|madarakani]] [[sultani]] [[Jamshid bin Abdullah]] na kuangamiza [[Waarabu wa Tanzania|Waarabu]] na [[Wahindi wa Tanzania|Wahindi]] wengi [[Unguja]] pamoja na kugeuza [[Zanzibar]] kuwa [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa Zanzibar|jamhuri]]. ==Siasa yake== [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] ulikuwa umepewa na [[Uingereza]] [[uhuru]] wake mwaka [[1963]]. Kabla ya hapo, Waarabu walikuwa wamefaulu kudumisha katika mfululizo wa [[Uchaguzi|chaguzi]] [[utawala]] waliokuwa nao tangu zamani za Zanzibar kuwa chini ya Usultani kutoka [[Omani]]. [[Chama cha kisiasa|Chama]] cha Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), kilichowakilisha hasa Waafrika, kilipoona kwamba [[bunge|bungeni]] kina viti vichache ingawa kilipata 54% za [[kura]] katika uchaguzi wa Julai [[1963]], kilipatana na chama cha mrengo wa kushoto [[Umma Party (Zanzibar)|Umma Party]]. Tarehe 12 Januari 1964 asubuhi na mapema, John Okello aliongoza wanamapinduzi 600–800 wa [[kisiwa]] kikuu cha Unguja kushinda [[polisi]] wa nchi na kuteka [[silaha]] zao. Halafu walielekea [[Mji Mkongwe]] walipompindua Sultani Jamshid bin Abdullah na [[serikali]] yake. Waliokufa katika mapigano wamekadiriwa kuwa 80 hivi tu. Kumbe yalifuata kwa siku kadhaa (labda hadi tarehe [[20 Januari]]) [[maangamizi ya kimbari]] dhidi ya wakazi wenye asili ya Kiarabu (waliokuwa 50,000 hivi) na ya [[Asia Kusini]] (waliokuwa 20,000 hivi); hakuna hakika kuhusu [[idadi]] ya waliouawa: [[kadirio|makadirio]] yanataja kuanzia [[mia]] kadhaa hadi 20,000<ref name="nyt19jan">{{citation|last=Conley|first=Robert|title=Nationalism Is Viewed as Camouflage for Reds | newspaper=The New York Times|page=1|date=19 January 1964|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/19/nationalism-is-viewed-as-camouflage-for-redstoll-2000-to-4000.html}}</ref><ref name="latimes">{{Citation|title=Slaughter in Zanzibar of Asians, Arabs Told|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|page=4|date=20 January 1964|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|access-date=16 April 2009|archive-date=16 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116131907/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/465909962.html?dids=465909962:465909962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+20%2C+1964&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(1886-Current+File)&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Slaughter+in+Zanzibar+of+Asians%2C+Arabs+Told|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mbali ya mauaji, wafuasi wa Okello walibaka maelfu ya wanawake.{{sfn|Petterson|2002|page=65}} Ndani ya wiki chache, asilimia 20 ya wakazi walikuwa wamekufa au kukimbia.<ref>{{citation|last=Minahan|first=James|title=Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z|date=2002 |pages=2088–2089|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313323843}}</ref> na kubomoa majengo. Kiongozi wa ASP [[Abeid Karume]], asiyekuwa na [[Itikadi kali|msimamo mkali]] akawa [[rais]] wa kwanza wa nchi, na wanachama wa Umma Party walipewa nafasi serikalini. Kufikia Machi Okello alikuwa ameshawekwa pembeni na kufikia Aprili kikosi chake kimeshanyang'anywa silaha<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/kilichomponza-okello-baada-ya-kuongoza-mapinduzi-2948368|title=Kilichomponza Okello baada ya kuongoza Mapinduzi|date=17 Mac 2021|website=www.mwananchi.co.tz|accessdate=22 Nov 2022}}</ref>. == Mapinduzi kwa kinaganaga== Mnamo majira ya saa 9:00 usiku wa tarehe 12 Januari 1964, waasi 600–800 wenye silaha duni, wengi wao wakiwa Waafrika, wakisaidiwa na baadhi ya waliokuwa askari polisi waliofutwa kazi hivi karibuni, walishambulia vituo vya polisi vya Unguja ili kukamata silaha, kisha wakashambulia kituo cha redio. Okello alimshambulia mlinzi wa polisi binafsi, akamnyang'anya bunduki yake, na akaitumia kumchoma polisi huyo kwa kutumia visu hadi akafa. Wakiwa wamejihami kwa mamia ya bunduki za kiotomatiki zilizokamatwa, bunduki ndogo ndogo na bunduki za Bren, waasi hao walichukua udhibiti wa majengo muhimu ya mji mkuu, [[Mji Mkongwe]]. Karibu saa 7:00 asubuhi, Okello alitoa matangazo yake ya kwanza ya redio kutoka kituo cha redio cha eneo hilo ambacho wafuasi wake walikuwa wamekikamata saa mbili zilizopita, akiwataka Waafrika kuinuka na kuwapindua "mabeberu". Wakati huo, Okello alijiita tu Fashili. Kulikuwa na uvumi mwingi Zanzibar kuhusu utambulisho wa mtu huyu wa ajabu aliyeongoza mapinduzi, ambaye alizungumza Kiswahili kwa lafudhi nzito ya [[Kiacholi]] ya Uganda ambayo haikujulikana Zanzibar. Ndani ya saa sita baada ya kuzuka kwa uhasama, ofisi ya telegrafu ya mji na majengo makuu ya serikali yalikuwa chini ya udhibiti wa mapinduzi, na uwanja pekee wa ndege kisiwani ulikamatwa saa 8:18 jioni. Huko mashambani, mapigano yalikuwa yamezuka kati ya Wamanga, kama Waarabu wa vijijini walivyoitwa, na Waafrika. Wamanga walikuwa na silaha nyingi za uwindaji, na mara tu silaha zilizochukuliwa kutoka vituo vya polisi zilipowafikia waasi mashambani, Wamanga waliangamia. Inadaiwa na mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani Don Petterson, aliyekuwa akiishi Zanzibar wakati huo, kwamba upinzani mkali zaidi ulikuwa katika kituo cha polisi cha [[Malindi (Zanzibar)|Malindi]], ambapo chini ya amri ya Kamishna wa Polisi JM Sullivan (polisi wa Uingereza ambaye alibaki hadi mtu mwingine wa eneo hilo aweze kuajiriwa), mashambulizi yote ya waasi yalizuiwa, hasa kwa sababu waasi walikuwa na tabia ya kurudi nyuma kila waliposhambuliwa. Sullivan hakusalimisha kituo cha Malindi hadi alasiri na baada tu ya risasi kuishiwa. Kama Sullivan alivyodai, aliongoza jeshi lake lote (hakuna polisi hata mmoja aliyeuawa au kujeruhiwa) hadi kwenye gati la Mji Mkongwe ili kupanda boti zilizowapeleka kwenye meli ''Salama'' ili waende mbali na Zanzibar. ==Kifo== Mnamo Machi 1964 Okello alizuiwa asirudi Zanzibar kutoka [[Tanganyika]]. Baadaye aliishi tena [[Kenya]] na hatimaye Uganda ambayo inadhaniwa aliuawa na [[dikteta]] [[Idi Amin]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== *{{citation|last=Bakari|first=Mohammed Ali|title=The Democratisation Process in Zanzibar|year=2001|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9yCSamtUeiAC|isbn=3-928049-71-2}}. *{{citation|last=Clayton|first=Anthony|title=Frontiersmen:Warfare in Africa since 1950|year=1999|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zg5hipdurBkC|isbn=1-85728-525-5}}. *{{citation|last1=Kalley|first1=Jacqueline Audrey|last2=Schoeman|first2=Elna|last3=Andor|first3=Lydia Eve|title=Southern African Political History|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVrVK2ElINMC|isbn=0-313-30247-2}}. *{{citation|last1=Okello|first1=John|title=Revolution in Zanzibar|year=1967|publisher=East African Publishing House|location=Nairobi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1R0AAAAMAAJ}}. *{{citation|last=Parsons|first=Timothy|title=The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoLbjlIYLzwC|isbn=0-325-07068-7}}. * {{citation |last=Petterson |first=Don |year=2002 |title=Revolution In Zanzibar: An American's Cold War Tale |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn=0813339499}}. *{{citation|last=Plekhanov|first=Sergey|title=A Reformer on the Throne: Sultan Qaboos Bin Said Al Said|year=2004|publisher=Trident Press Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-U8BL-tEPLwC|isbn=1-900724-70-7}}. *{{citation|last1=Sheriff|first1=Abdul|last2=Ferguson|first2=Ed|title=Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule|year=1991|publisher=[[James Currey]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxUCbQeKjogC|isbn=0-85255-080-4}}. *{{citation|last=Shillington|first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African History|year=2005|publisher=CRC Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|isbn=1-57958-245-1}}. *{{Rejea jarida|mode=cs2|title=An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964|url=http://eprints.nuim.ie/archive/00000841/|journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History|year=2007|doi=10.1080/03086530701337666|via=Taylor & Francis Online|last1=Speller|first1=Ian|volume=35|issue=2|pages=283–302|s2cid=159656717|url-access=subscription}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Okello, John}} [[Category:waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Category:waliofariki 1971]] [[Category:wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:watu wa historia ya Tanzania]] cvxa1oi1gmveomhitjvy88rd5q4aoed 0 248521 1594592 2026-09-05T12:03:31Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 Création en traduction article "Maurice Abibu Sakapela" #WIKI100DaysRDC2026 1594592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:défaut.svg|thumb|vignette|'''Maurice Abibu Sakapela Bin Mungamba''']] Maurice Abibu Sakapela (ambaye jina lake pia huandikwa Abibu Sakapela Bin Mungamba) ni mwanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kongo-Kinshasa. Anatoka katika mkoa wa Tshopo. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Naibu Gavana na baadaye Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Tshopo kuanzia Aprili 2021 hadi Agosti 2022, baada ya kuteuliwa na Waziri wa Nchi Gilbert Kankonde kusimamia shughuli za kila siku kufuatia kuondolewa madarakani kwa Louis-Marie Walle Lupungula<ref name="mediacongo2021">[https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-86147_tshopo_maurice_abibu_sakapela_designe_gouverneur_ad_interim_pour_expedier_les_affaires_courantes.html, ''Tshopo : Maurice Abibu Sakapela désigné gouverneur ad-interim pour expédier les affaires courantes], MediaCongo, 22 avril 2021,consulté le 04 septembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="okapi2021">[https://okapinews.net/une/urgent-maurice-abibu-sakapela-confirme-gouverneur-interimaire-de-la-tshopo/, ''Urgent : Maurice Abibu Sakapela confirmé gouverneur intérimaire de la Tshopo], Okapinews, 22 avril 2021, consulté le 04 septembre 2026</ref>. == Maisha == === Naibu Gavana (2019-2021) === Maurice Abibu Sakapela alichaguliwa kuwa Naibu Gavana wa Tshopo mwaka wa 2019, akihudumu chini ya uongozi wa Gavana Louis-Marie Walle Lupungula. == Maisha ya kisiasa == Tarehe 15 Aprili 2021, Gavana Walle Lupungula aliondolewa madarakani na Baraza la Serikali ya Mtaa; wabunge 17 kati ya 28 walipiga kura kuunga mkono hoja ya hatua hizo—iliyowasilishwa na mbunge Tryphene Saidi Mabikinyambey—wakidai kulikuwa na usimamizi mbaya<ref name="mediacongo2021"/>. === Kaimu Gavana (2021-2022) === Kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Serikali Huru ya Mkoa, ana jukumu la kuhakikisha mwendelezo wa huduma za umma hadi hapo gavana mpya atakapochaguliwa<ref name="okapi2021"/>. Katika kipindi chake kifupi cha uongozi, alitimiza mambo mengi: * Mnamo tarehe 10 Agosti 2021, alimfukuza kazi mshauri wake mkuu wa kisheria, Asumani Angbonda Dieu-Merci, kwa sababu ya kutotii mamlaka<ref name="africapress2021">[https://www.africa-press.net/congo-kinshasa/politique/tshopo-le-gouverneur-ai-revoque-son-conseiller-en-charge-de-lagriculture-peche-et-elevage-pour-insubordination, ''Tshopo : le gouverneur ai révoque son conseiller pour insubordination], Africa-Press, 11 août 2021</ref>. * Mnamo Julai 2021, alizuia kodi ya madini ya FC milioni 66, hatua ambayo ilibainika kuwa kinyume cha sheria. * Mnamo Januari 17, 2022, alionyesha nia ya kuona jiji la Kisangani likibadilishwa jina na kuitwa "Lumumba-Ville" kwa heshima ya Patrice Lumumba<ref name="lumumba2022">[https://www.africa-press.net/congo-kinshasa/politique/le-gouverneur-ai-de-la-tshopo-souhaite-que-la-ville-de-kisangani-soit-debaptisee-lumumba-ville, ''Le gouverneur ai de la Tshopo souhaite que Kisangani soit débaptisée Lumumba-Ville], Africa-Press, 17 janvier 2022</ref>. * Na kilumbu ya 8 ya ngonda ya tanu ya mvula 2022, yandi me yantika Programme ya kutunga ba teritware 145 (PDL-145T), na mbongo ya badolare bamilio 70, na ba teritware 7 ya [[Tshopo]]<ref name="pdl2022">[https://lebarometre.cd/kisangani-abibu-sakapela-a-lance-le-programme-de-developpement-local-de-145-territoire-dans-la-province-de-la-tshopo/ ''Kisangani : Abibu Sakapela a lancé le Programme de développement local de 145 Territoires,] LeBarometre.cd, 8 juillet 2022</ref>. == Tazama pia == * [[Tshopo]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} qvku05qzgb3i3lqwu72fapfrfgdl53i 0 248522 1594593 2026-09-05T12:07:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Portable_triptych_of_Saint_Andrew_in_the_treasury_of_the_Cathedral_of_Trier.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] ya Mt. Andrea.]] '''Andrea wa Trier''' alikuwa [[askofu]] wa 12 wa [[Trier]], leo nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1397 St. Andrew of Trier] Catholic Online</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]], pengine kama [[mfiadini]]<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.c...' 1594593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Portable_triptych_of_Saint_Andrew_in_the_treasury_of_the_Cathedral_of_Trier.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] ya Mt. Andrea.]] '''Andrea wa Trier''' alikuwa [[askofu]] wa 12 wa [[Trier]], leo nchini [[Ujerumani]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1397 St. Andrew of Trier] Catholic Online</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]], pengine kama [[mfiadini]]<ref>[http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-andrew-of-trier/ St. Andrew of Trier] Patron Saints Index</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[13 Januari]]<ref>[http://catholicsaints.info/saint-andrew-of-trier/ Saint Andrew of Trier].</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ujerumani]] 2v7oppioayiupxrpb3vbbmzpn2k9owh 0 248523 1594594 2026-09-05T12:16:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Umberto Agnelli''' ( [[1 Novemba]] [[1934]] – [[27 Mei]] [[2004]]) alikuwa mmiliki wa viwanda na [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa tatu wa Virginia (alizaliwa na Donna Virginia Bourbon del Monte) na Edoardo Agnelli, na kaka mdogo wa Gianni Agnelli.<ref name="Chapman 2004">{{cite news|last=Chapman|first=Giles|date=29 May 2004|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article38565.ece|url-status=dead|title=Umberto Agnelli|wor...' 1594594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umberto Agnelli''' ( [[1 Novemba]] [[1934]] – [[27 Mei]] [[2004]]) alikuwa mmiliki wa viwanda na [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa tatu wa Virginia (alizaliwa na Donna Virginia Bourbon del Monte) na Edoardo Agnelli, na kaka mdogo wa Gianni Agnelli.<ref name="Chapman 2004">{{cite news|last=Chapman|first=Giles|date=29 May 2004|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article38565.ece|url-status=dead|title=Umberto Agnelli|work=The Independent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219150336/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article38565.ece|archive-date=19 December 2007|access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> Agnelli alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya utengenezaji wa magari wa Italia Fiat kuanzia 1970 hadi 1976. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kikundi cha Fiat kwa muda mfupi hadi kifo chake, akiwa na umri wa miaka 69, mwaka 2004. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti na baadaye mwenyekiti wa heshima wa [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]], timu ya mpira wa miguu iliyohusishwa kwa muda mrefu na Fiat na familia ya Agnelli, na kwa muda alikuwa rais wa Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu la Italia. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Demokrasia ya Kikristo katika Seneti ya Jamhuri kuanzia 1976 hadi 1979. Mwaka 2015, aliingizwa katika Ukumbi wa Mashuhuri wa Mpira wa Miguu wa Italia baada ya kifo chake.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/17/archives/umberto-agnellis-fiat-more-trucks.html|title=Umberto Agnelli's Fiat: More Trucks|work=The New York Times|date=17 October 1976|page=123|issn=0362-4331|access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/27-10-2015/hall-of-fame-vialli-mancini-facchetti-ronaldo-herrera-agnelli-tardelli-ferlaino-130676725232.shtml|title=Hall of fame, 10 new entry: con Vialli e Mancini anche Facchetti e Ronaldo|work=La Gazzetta dello Sport|language=it|date=27 October 2015|access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] oji73jpwubbsyo0fjf5fhbwy8vmmjjy 0 248524 1594595 2026-09-05T12:21:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[karne ya 4]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Italia Kusini]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92356</ref>, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[25 Julai]]. ==Tazama pia=...' 1594595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[karne ya 4]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Italia Kusini]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92356</ref>, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[25 Julai]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 3|karne ya 4}} [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] nowzoh90zf71dy6cxkpjxgh3sema72v 0 248525 1594599 2026-09-05T12:32:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gianluigi Aponte''' (alizaliwa [[27 Juni]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na mwanzilishi mwenza, na mwenyekiti wa Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). Mwaka 2026, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Aponte kuwa dola bilioni 44.5, na kumweka kama mtu wa 43 tajiri zaidi duniani.<ref name="ForbesProfile">{{cite web |title=Gianluigi Aponte |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-aponte/ |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=26 N...' 1594599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gianluigi Aponte''' (alizaliwa [[27 Juni]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na mwanzilishi mwenza, na mwenyekiti wa Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). Mwaka 2026, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Aponte kuwa dola bilioni 44.5, na kumweka kama mtu wa 43 tajiri zaidi duniani.<ref name="ForbesProfile">{{cite web |title=Gianluigi Aponte |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-aponte/ |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Gianluigi Aponte alizaliwa Sant'Agnello, Italia, tarehe 27 Juni 1940. Familia yake ilikuwa imekuwa ikifanya shughuli za feri kwenye [[Ghuba]] ya Naples kwa muda mrefu, na alifunzwa kama nahodha wa meli.<ref name="OldSharedForbesProfile">{{Cite web |title=Gianluigi & Rafaela Aponte |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-rafaela-aponte/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193140/https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-rafaela-aponte/ |url-status=dead }}Additional archive: .</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goffredolocatelli.it/attachments/Articolo%20%20Aponte%20per%20Den%20_rivisto_.pdf |title=La traversata del marinaio di Sorrento |publisher=Goffredolocatelli.it |accessdate=1 August 2015 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331074813/http://www.goffredolocatelli.it/attachments/Articolo%20%20Aponte%20per%20Den%20_rivisto_.pdf |url-status=dead |language=it }}</ref><ref name="migiliaccio">{{Cite news |last=Migliaccio |first=Alessandra |date=14 April 2025 |title=Italy's Secretive Shipping Tycoon Has Been Thrust Into Spotlight With New Port Deal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-14/italy-s-secretive-shipping-tycoon-thrust-into-spotlight-with-new-port-deal?embedded-checkout=true |access-date=15 April 2025 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref> == Kazi == Wakati akisimamia feri ya Naples–Capri mwaka 1960 Aponte alikutana na mke wake, Rafaela Diamant. Aliacha usafiri wa baharini kufanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa katika Benki ya Mikopo ya Kimataifa, [[Geneva]]. Mwaka 1970 yeye na Aponte-Diamant walianzisha MSC kwa meli moja, MV Patricia, ambayo ilisafirisha mizigo kati ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Afrika]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saltmarsh |first1=Matthew |title=Shipping Magnate Takes a New Tack: The Cruise Business |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/business/global/30aponte.html |access-date=21 April 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003070335/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/business/global/30aponte.html |archive-date=3 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h20z8jfl96r2uzwxohzav0gwyod6tdi 1594626 1594599 2026-09-05T15:28:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gianluigi Aponte''' (alizaliwa [[27 Juni]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na mwanzilishi mwenza, na mwenyekiti wa Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). Mwaka 2026, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Aponte kuwa dola bilioni 44.5, na kumweka kama mtu wa 43 tajiri zaidi duniani.<ref name="ForbesProfile">{{cite web |title=Gianluigi Aponte |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-aponte/ |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Gianluigi Aponte alizaliwa Sant'Agnello, Italia, tarehe 27 Juni 1940. Familia yake ilikuwa imekuwa ikifanya shughuli za feri kwenye [[Ghuba]] ya Naples kwa muda mrefu, na alifunzwa kama nahodha wa meli.<ref name="OldSharedForbesProfile">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Gianluigi & Rafaela Aponte |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-rafaela-aponte/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193140/https://www.forbes.com/profile/gianluigi-rafaela-aponte/ |url-status=dead }}Additional archive: .</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goffredolocatelli.it/attachments/Articolo%20%20Aponte%20per%20Den%20_rivisto_.pdf |title=La traversata del marinaio di Sorrento |publisher=Goffredolocatelli.it |accessdate=1 August 2015 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331074813/http://www.goffredolocatelli.it/attachments/Articolo%20%20Aponte%20per%20Den%20_rivisto_.pdf |url-status=dead |language=it }}</ref><ref name="migiliaccio">{{Rejea habari |last=Migliaccio |first=Alessandra |date=14 April 2025 |title=Italy's Secretive Shipping Tycoon Has Been Thrust Into Spotlight With New Port Deal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-14/italy-s-secretive-shipping-tycoon-thrust-into-spotlight-with-new-port-deal?embedded-checkout=true |access-date=15 April 2025 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref> == Kazi == Wakati akisimamia feri ya Naples–Capri mwaka 1960 Aponte alikutana na mke wake, Rafaela Diamant. Aliacha usafiri wa baharini kufanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa katika Benki ya Mikopo ya Kimataifa, [[Geneva]]. Mwaka 1970 yeye na Aponte-Diamant walianzisha MSC kwa meli moja, MV Patricia, ambayo ilisafirisha mizigo kati ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Afrika]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saltmarsh |first1=Matthew |title=Shipping Magnate Takes a New Tack: The Cruise Business |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/business/global/30aponte.html |access-date=21 April 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003070335/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/business/global/30aponte.html |archive-date=3 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ebfi1eqtsb1ep8fydkposd4gao75r84 0 248526 1594600 2026-09-05T12:35:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Orensi na Pasyensya''' (walifariki [[240]]) walikuwa [[wakulima]] wa [[Huesca]], [[Hispania]], waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] ya [[Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90261</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], [[wazazi]] wa [[shemasi]] [[Laurenti Mfiadini|Laurenti]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Mei]]. ==Taza...' 1594600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Orensi na Pasyensya''' (walifariki [[240]]) walikuwa [[wakulima]] wa [[Huesca]], [[Hispania]], waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] ya [[Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90261</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], [[wazazi]] wa [[shemasi]] [[Laurenti Mfiadini|Laurenti]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Mei]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 240]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] je8op7a286y5k2nxbhaur950od6kli6 0 248527 1594602 2026-09-05T12:51:33Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paolo Ardoino''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1984]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta nchini [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Tether tangu Desemba 2023. Pia anahudumu kama afisa mkuu wa teknolojia (CTO) wa Bitfinex.<ref name="Nicolle2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-20/tether-s-incoming-ceo-paolo-ardoino-inherits-crypto-s-stablecoin-giant-usdt?embedded-checkout=...' 1594602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paolo Ardoino''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1984]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta nchini [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Tether tangu Desemba 2023. Pia anahudumu kama afisa mkuu wa teknolojia (CTO) wa Bitfinex.<ref name="Nicolle2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-20/tether-s-incoming-ceo-paolo-ardoino-inherits-crypto-s-stablecoin-giant-usdt?embedded-checkout=true |title=Tether's Frontman Inherits Crypto's $84 Billion Behemoth |first=Emily |last=Nicolle |date=October 20, 2023 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-ardoino/|title=Paolo Ardoino|website=Forbes}}</ref> Hapo awali alihudumu kama CTO wa Tether kuanzia 2017 hadi 2023, wakati ambapo alihusika katika maendeleo ya miundombinu ya kiufundi ya kampuni. Pia amehusishwa na mipango inayohusiana na kupitishwa kwa sarafu ya kidijitali na teknolojia ya kifedha, ikiwa ni pamoja na miradi huko [[Uropa]] na [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stablecoin Company Tether Names CTO Paolo Ardoino CEO |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-dow-jones-10-13-2023/card/stablecoin-company-tether-names-cto-paolo-ardoino-ceo-Qsuh8z5bERuavgkwXo9e |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Kulingana na [[Forbes]], Ardoino ni mtu wa 55 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 38 kufikia Julai 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paolo Ardoino |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-ardoino/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Ardoino alizaliwa mwaka 1984 huko Cisano sul Neva, [[Savona]], Italia. Alianza kuandika programu akiwa na umri wa miaka minane. Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika sayansi ya kompyuta kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Genoa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2025/02/14/news/paolo_ardoino_chi_e_il_fondatore_di_tether_che_ora_guarda_alla_juventus-424004607/|title=Paolo Ardoino, chi è il fondatore di Tether che ora guarda alla Juventus|date=February 14, 2025|website=la Repubblica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://torino.corriere.it/notizie/economia/25_febbraio_17/paolo-ardoino-ad-di-tether-e-nuovo-azionista-della-juventus-abbiamo-la-capacita-finanziaria-per-sostenere-la-squadra-per-i-820ad0d8-c187-4407-8a96-e5c4c2484xlk.shtml|title=Paolo Ardoino, ad di Tether e nuovo azionista della Juventus: «Abbiamo la capacità finanziaria per sostenere la squadra per i prossimi 2000 anni»|date=February 17, 2025|website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref> == Kazi == === Kazi ya Awali === Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake, Ardoino alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Genoa kama mtafiti, ambako alifanya kazi kwenye miradi ya utafiti iliyohusisha usalama wa mtandao na kriptografia kwa matumizi ya kijeshi. Aliondoka Chuo Kikuu cha Genoa mwaka 2011. Mwaka 2011, Ardoino alifanya kazi katika hazina ya uwekezaji, ambako alitengeneza na kusawazisha algorithms za biashara. Mwaka 2013, Ardoino alihamia [[London]], ambako alianzisha Fincluster, kampuni ya teknolojia ya mwanzo ambayo ilijenga programu za matumizi ya huduma za kifedha za wingu kwa wasimamizi wa mifuko na taasisi katika London, [[Milano|Milan]], na [[Lugano]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2khlx6a213imt5zwgge91p0gmmdw2po 1594614 1594602 2026-09-05T14:08:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 6 template(s) replaced. 1594614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paolo Ardoino''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1984]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na [[mwanasayansi]] wa kompyuta nchini [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa Tether tangu Desemba 2023. Pia anahudumu kama afisa mkuu wa teknolojia (CTO) wa Bitfinex.<ref name="Nicolle2023">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-20/tether-s-incoming-ceo-paolo-ardoino-inherits-crypto-s-stablecoin-giant-usdt?embedded-checkout=true |title=Tether's Frontman Inherits Crypto's $84 Billion Behemoth |first=Emily |last=Nicolle |date=October 20, 2023 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-ardoino/|title=Paolo Ardoino|website=Forbes}}</ref> Hapo awali alihudumu kama CTO wa Tether kuanzia 2017 hadi 2023, wakati ambapo alihusika katika maendeleo ya miundombinu ya kiufundi ya kampuni. Pia amehusishwa na mipango inayohusiana na kupitishwa kwa sarafu ya kidijitali na teknolojia ya kifedha, ikiwa ni pamoja na miradi huko [[Uropa]] na [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Stablecoin Company Tether Names CTO Paolo Ardoino CEO |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-dow-jones-10-13-2023/card/stablecoin-company-tether-names-cto-paolo-ardoino-ceo-Qsuh8z5bERuavgkwXo9e |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Kulingana na [[Forbes]], Ardoino ni mtu wa 55 tajiri zaidi duniani, akiwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 38 kufikia Julai 2026.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Paolo Ardoino |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-ardoino/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Ardoino alizaliwa mwaka 1984 huko Cisano sul Neva, [[Savona]], Italia. Alianza kuandika programu akiwa na umri wa miaka minane. Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika sayansi ya kompyuta kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Genoa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2025/02/14/news/paolo_ardoino_chi_e_il_fondatore_di_tether_che_ora_guarda_alla_juventus-424004607/|title=Paolo Ardoino, chi è il fondatore di Tether che ora guarda alla Juventus|date=February 14, 2025|website=la Repubblica}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://torino.corriere.it/notizie/economia/25_febbraio_17/paolo-ardoino-ad-di-tether-e-nuovo-azionista-della-juventus-abbiamo-la-capacita-finanziaria-per-sostenere-la-squadra-per-i-820ad0d8-c187-4407-8a96-e5c4c2484xlk.shtml|title=Paolo Ardoino, ad di Tether e nuovo azionista della Juventus: «Abbiamo la capacità finanziaria per sostenere la squadra per i prossimi 2000 anni»|date=February 17, 2025|website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref> == Kazi == === Kazi ya Awali === Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake, Ardoino alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Genoa kama mtafiti, ambako alifanya kazi kwenye miradi ya utafiti iliyohusisha usalama wa mtandao na kriptografia kwa matumizi ya kijeshi. Aliondoka Chuo Kikuu cha Genoa mwaka 2011. Mwaka 2011, Ardoino alifanya kazi katika hazina ya uwekezaji, ambako alitengeneza na kusawazisha algorithms za biashara. Mwaka 2013, Ardoino alihamia [[London]], ambako alianzisha Fincluster, kampuni ya teknolojia ya mwanzo ambayo ilijenga programu za matumizi ya huduma za kifedha za wingu kwa wasimamizi wa mifuko na taasisi katika London, [[Milano|Milan]], na [[Lugano]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9ywblj1d0fjxy13g08a2diq2k2vjy0j 0 248528 1594603 2026-09-05T12:57:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' [[kumi na tisa]] (walifariki [[250]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Afrika Kaskazini]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]. Inasemekana Epikteto alikuwa [[askofu]]. Wengine wanaotajwa kwa jina ni '''Felisi, Sekundo, Vitalis na Epikari'''. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanah...' 1594603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' [[kumi na tisa]] (walifariki [[250]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Afrika Kaskazini]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]. Inasemekana Epikteto alikuwa [[askofu]]. Wengine wanaotajwa kwa jina ni '''Felisi, Sekundo, Vitalis na Epikari'''. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[9 Januari]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliofariki 250]] [[Jamii:maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Afrika Kaskazini]] 8icjhxs3k3r3qppu1vav6edaouuist3 0 248529 1594605 2026-09-05T13:04:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Giorgio Armani''' ( [[11 Julai]] [[1934]] – [[4 Septemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa mitindo, [[mfanyabiashara]] na mwanzilishi wa nyumba ya mitindo ya kifahari ya Armani nchini [[Italia]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Vanessa |date=2025-09-04 |title=Giorgio Armani's Designs Changed How People Dress. Twice. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/04/style/giorgio-armani.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en}}...' 1594605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giorgio Armani''' ( [[11 Julai]] [[1934]] – [[4 Septemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa mitindo, [[mfanyabiashara]] na mwanzilishi wa nyumba ya mitindo ya kifahari ya Armani nchini [[Italia]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=Vanessa |date=2025-09-04 |title=Giorgio Armani's Designs Changed How People Dress. Twice. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/04/style/giorgio-armani.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Satran |first=Rory |date=2025-09-04 |title=Giorgio Armani, Fashion Titan Who Balanced Softness With Power, Dies at 91 |url=https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/giorgio-armani-fashion-titan-who-balanced-softness-with-power-diesat-91-9ae2b508 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Alichukuliwa sana kama mmoja wa wabunifu wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika mitindo ya kisasa, Armani awali alipata umaarufu kwa kazi yake na nyumba ya mitindo Cerruti 1881, kabla ya kuanzisha lebo yake mwaka 1975. Alijulikana kwa mitindo iliyopunguzwa, iliyovunjwa hasa jaketi na suti zake ambazo inasemekana zilifafanua upya umaridadi wa kiume na wa kike katika sura ya kisasa. Armani pia alichukua jukumu muhimu katika kuunda mitindo ya watu mashuhuri, hasa mitindo ya zulia jekundu. Kufikia mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, alitambuliwa kama mbunifu aliyefanikiwa zaidi nchini Italia, na chapa yake ikipanua katika muziki, michezo, na hoteli za kifahari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2015 |title=40 years of Giorgio Armani : A tribute to the "unconstructed" jacket |url=https://www.mens-folio.com/style/40-years-giorgio-armani-tribute-unconstructed-jacket/ |access-date=4 September 2025 |website=Men's Folio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stella Bruzzi |title=Undressing Cinema: Clothing and identity in the movies. |publisher=Routledge. |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-415-13957-1 |pages=1-17 , 79-87}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] 36ft5vojqssn0blycsisziwvq58mepl 1594627 1594605 2026-09-05T15:29:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1594627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giorgio Armani''' ( [[11 Julai]] [[1934]] – [[4 Septemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa mitindo, [[mfanyabiashara]] na mwanzilishi wa nyumba ya mitindo ya kifahari ya Armani nchini [[Italia]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Friedman |first=Vanessa |date=2025-09-04 |title=Giorgio Armani's Designs Changed How People Dress. Twice. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/04/style/giorgio-armani.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Satran |first=Rory |date=2025-09-04 |title=Giorgio Armani, Fashion Titan Who Balanced Softness With Power, Dies at 91 |url=https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/giorgio-armani-fashion-titan-who-balanced-softness-with-power-diesat-91-9ae2b508 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Alichukuliwa sana kama mmoja wa wabunifu wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika mitindo ya kisasa, Armani awali alipata umaarufu kwa kazi yake na nyumba ya mitindo Cerruti 1881, kabla ya kuanzisha lebo yake mwaka 1975. Alijulikana kwa mitindo iliyopunguzwa, iliyovunjwa hasa jaketi na suti zake ambazo inasemekana zilifafanua upya umaridadi wa kiume na wa kike katika sura ya kisasa. Armani pia alichukua jukumu muhimu katika kuunda mitindo ya watu mashuhuri, hasa mitindo ya zulia jekundu. Kufikia mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, alitambuliwa kama mbunifu aliyefanikiwa zaidi nchini Italia, na chapa yake ikipanua katika muziki, michezo, na hoteli za kifahari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=30 April 2015 |title=40 years of Giorgio Armani : A tribute to the "unconstructed" jacket |url=https://www.mens-folio.com/style/40-years-giorgio-armani-tribute-unconstructed-jacket/ |access-date=4 September 2025 |website=Men's Folio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Stella Bruzzi |title=Undressing Cinema: Clothing and identity in the movies. |publisher=Routledge. |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-415-13957-1 |pages=1-17 , 79-87}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] 2n3ybtrnb8vp1kog3n25ysav6wrocwi 0 248530 1594606 2026-09-05T13:05:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Epikari wa Bizanti''' (alifariki [[Bizanti]], leo [[Istanbul]], nchini [[Uturuki]], au [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[300]] hivi) alikuwa [[mke]] au [[binti]] wa [[seneta]] wa [[Dola la Roma]] [[Kifodini|aliyeuawa]] kwa sababu ya [[imani]] yake ya [[Kikristo]] katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Dioklesyano]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] 27 Septemba...' 1594606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Epikari wa Bizanti''' (alifariki [[Bizanti]], leo [[Istanbul]], nchini [[Uturuki]], au [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[300]] hivi) alikuwa [[mke]] au [[binti]] wa [[seneta]] wa [[Dola la Roma]] [[Kifodini|aliyeuawa]] kwa sababu ya [[imani]] yake ya [[Kikristo]] katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Dioklesyano]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[27 Septemba]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184918/http://web2.airmail.net/carlsch/MaterDei/Martyrol/sep-27.htm</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== <references/> {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Category:Waliofariki 300]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] pmh30hli5e5gh72gfsiclbtx0kfkavw 0 248531 1594607 2026-09-05T13:14:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[250]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Italia]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92257</ref>, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]]...' 1594607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[250]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Italia]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92257</ref>, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Juni]] na [[15 Machi|13 Machi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliofariki 250]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 9c9r0ceegah8xwoknmqse1m6dfc3vo7 0 248532 1594608 2026-09-05T13:25:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Giulio_cesare_bedeschini,_san_massimo,_ante_1613,_dall'arcivescovado_dell'aquila.jpg|thumb|Mt. Masimo akiwa amevaa [[nguo]] za [[ibada]] za shemasi.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (au: ''wa [[L'Aquila]]''; [[228]] - [[250]]) alikuwa [[shemasi]] wa [[Italia Kusini]] aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91218</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na Kanisa Katolik...' 1594608 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Giulio_cesare_bedeschini,_san_massimo,_ante_1613,_dall'arcivescovado_dell'aquila.jpg|thumb|Mt. Masimo akiwa amevaa [[nguo]] za [[ibada]] za shemasi.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (au: ''wa [[L'Aquila]]''; [[228]] - [[250]]) alikuwa [[shemasi]] wa [[Italia Kusini]] aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91218</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[10 Juni]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01661a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article on Aquila] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|228|250}} [[Jamii:mashemasi]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 5qatnme5xrzfziljeqfi04jdty1dx18 14 248533 1594609 2026-09-05T13:26:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:228]]' 1594609 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:228]] hh6tuwejkzl874zq711i6y2r6ktnwbx 0 248534 1594610 2026-09-05T13:41:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:ProtettoriTuscania.jpg|thumb|Wafiadini walivyochorwa.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (kwa Kilatini: '''Secondianus, Marcellianus et Verianus'''; walifariki [[Santa Marinella]], [[Roma]], [[250]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] wa [[Tabaka (jamii)|tabaka la juu]] la [[Roma ya Kale]] waliouawa kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93815</ref>. Tangu kale wa...' 1594610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ProtettoriTuscania.jpg|thumb|Wafiadini walivyochorwa.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (kwa Kilatini: '''Secondianus, Marcellianus et Verianus'''; walifariki [[Santa Marinella]], [[Roma]], [[250]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] wa [[Tabaka (jamii)|tabaka la juu]] la [[Roma ya Kale]] waliouawa kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93815</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[9 Agosti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/s3centy.htm 3rd century saints] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliofariki 250]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 9r2y5qnl49kfdytkg6j4rmqcbd6el7j 0 248535 1594611 2026-09-05T13:43:34Z Fabriceaksantimusa 92162 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barhabula Ndogo''' ni kiongozi wa jamii kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Alizaliwa Ngweshe, Kaniola, Wilaya ya [[Walungu]], Mkoa wa [[Kivu Kusini]]. Ni Coordinateur Territorial wa [[Réserve Armée de la Défense]] (RAD) kwa Wilaya ya [[Mwenga]], kutoka [[Kamituga]] hadi Mwenga-centre.' 1594611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barhabula Ndogo''' ni kiongozi wa jamii kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Alizaliwa Ngweshe, Kaniola, Wilaya ya [[Walungu]], Mkoa wa [[Kivu Kusini]]. Ni Coordinateur Territorial wa [[Réserve Armée de la Défense]] (RAD) kwa Wilaya ya [[Mwenga]], kutoka [[Kamituga]] hadi Mwenga-centre. o978j6z7wmwvwntndap1rar08yfzlss 0 248536 1594612 2026-09-05T14:01:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Pfarrenbach_Wandmalerei_Venantiuslegende_1_detail.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''Venansi wa Camerino''' ([[235]] - [[18 Mei]] [[251]]) alikuwa [[mvulana]] wa [[Tabaka (jamii)|tabaka]] la juu la [[mji]] [[Camerino|huo]], [[Italia]], ambaye aliongokea [[Ukristo]] akauawa kwa ajili ya hiyo [[imani]] yake mpya<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53900</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] mfiadin...' 1594612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pfarrenbach_Wandmalerei_Venantiuslegende_1_detail.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''Venansi wa Camerino''' ([[235]] - [[18 Mei]] [[251]]) alikuwa [[mvulana]] wa [[Tabaka (jamii)|tabaka]] la juu la [[mji]] [[Camerino|huo]], [[Italia]], ambaye aliongokea [[Ukristo]] akauawa kwa ajili ya hiyo [[imani]] yake mpya<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53900</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]] pamoja na wenzake 10, wakiwemo [[Upadri|padri]] Porfiri na [[askofu]] Leonsi. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[18 Mei]]<ref>{{el}} ''[https://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3237/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Βενάντιος ὁ Μάρτυρας].'' 18 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Venantius of Camerino}} *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=722 St. Venantius] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 235]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 251]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] a62c6vyclk37xdnbg4jq4opyv73gybg 0 248537 1594613 2026-09-05T14:01:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Giovanni "Gianni" Agnelli''' ( [[12 Machi]] [[1921]] – [[24 Januari]] [[2003]]), aliyepewa jina la utani '''L'Avvocato''', alikuwa mmiliki wa viwanda nchini [[Italia]] na mwenyehisa mkuu wa Fiat. Kama mkuu wa Fiat, alidhibiti asilimia 4.4 ya Pato la Taifa la Italia, asilimia 3.1 ya nguvu kazi ya viwanda, na asilimia 16.5 ya uwekezaji wa viwanda katika utafiti. Alikuwa mtu tajiri zaidi katika historia ya kisasa ya Italia.<ref name="Seal 2009">{{cite m...' 1594613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giovanni "Gianni" Agnelli''' ( [[12 Machi]] [[1921]] – [[24 Januari]] [[2003]]), aliyepewa jina la utani '''L'Avvocato''', alikuwa mmiliki wa viwanda nchini [[Italia]] na mwenyehisa mkuu wa Fiat. Kama mkuu wa Fiat, alidhibiti asilimia 4.4 ya Pato la Taifa la Italia, asilimia 3.1 ya nguvu kazi ya viwanda, na asilimia 16.5 ya uwekezaji wa viwanda katika utafiti. Alikuwa mtu tajiri zaidi katika historia ya kisasa ya Italia.<ref name="Seal 2009">{{cite magazine|last=Seal |first=Mark|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/style/features/2008/08/agnelli200808|title=The Woman Who Wanted the Secrets|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=20 October 2009|access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> Agnelli alichukuliwa kuwa na mtindo wa mitindo usiokuwa na kasoro na wa kitabia tofauti, ambao umeathiri mitindo ya wanaume ya Italia na kimataifa. Agnelli alitunukiwa mapambo ya Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic mwaka 1967 na Order of Merit for Labour (Cavaliere del lavoro) mwaka 1977. Baada ya kifo chake mwaka 2003, udhibiti wa kampuni ulipitishwa hatua kwa hatua kwa mjukuu wake na mrithi aliyechaguliwa, John Elkann.<ref name="Raab 2007">{{cite magazine |last=Raab |first=Scott |url=http://www.esquire.com/style/bestdressedhistory0907 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012144521/http://www.esquire.com/style/bestdressedhistory0907 |archive-date=12 October 2007 |title=The Best Dressed Men in the History of the World |magazine=Esquire |date=20 August 2007 |access-date=7 February 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1921]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] 6n18mv1pgclvj4ye3jahh204ob5qe04 0 248538 1594615 2026-09-05T14:18:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Saints_Galaktion_and_his_wife_Episteme_at_Emesa_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[kifodini]] chao.]] '''Galatio na Episteme''' (walifariki [[Homs]], [[Syria]], [[251]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] waliouawa katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]] Galatio ndiye aliyemvuta [[mke]] wake Episteme kwenye [[imani]] yake<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2019/11/05/103176-martyrs-galaction-and-his-wife-epistemis-at-emes...' 1594615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saints_Galaktion_and_his_wife_Episteme_at_Emesa_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[kifodini]] chao.]] '''Galatio na Episteme''' (walifariki [[Homs]], [[Syria]], [[251]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] waliouawa katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]] Galatio ndiye aliyemvuta [[mke]] wake Episteme kwenye [[imani]] yake<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2019/11/05/103176-martyrs-galaction-and-his-wife-epistemis-at-emesa|title=Martyrs Galaction and his wife, Epistemis, at Emesa|website=www.oca.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref> na alipouawa, mke wake alikwenda karibu naye akauawa vilevile <ref>[https://www.saint.gr/2888/saint.aspx Άγιοι Γαλακτίων και Επιστήμη]</ref>. Tangu kale [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] wanawaheshimu kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[5 Novemba]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=l-pwoTFp31kC&dq=Saint+Galation&pg=PA348 Bunson, Matthew and Bunson, Stephen. "Galatian", ''Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints'', Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2003] {{ISBN|9781931709750}}</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 251]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Siria]] 5xk6jkzjps0mt29e05kdf94y7xbewkn 1594624 1594615 2026-09-05T15:25:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saints_Galaktion_and_his_wife_Episteme_at_Emesa_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa [[kifodini]] chao.]] '''Galatio na Episteme''' (walifariki [[Homs]], [[Syria]], [[251]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] waliouawa katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]] Galatio ndiye aliyemvuta [[mke]] wake Episteme kwenye [[imani]] yake<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2019/11/05/103176-martyrs-galaction-and-his-wife-epistemis-at-emesa|title=Martyrs Galaction and his wife, Epistemis, at Emesa|website=www.oca.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref> na alipouawa, mke wake alikwenda karibu naye akauawa vilevile <ref>[https://www.saint.gr/2888/saint.aspx Άγιοι Γαλακτίων και Επιστήμη]</ref>. Tangu kale [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] wanawaheshimu kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[5 Novemba]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=l-pwoTFp31kC&dq=Saint+Galation&pg=PA348 Bunson, Matthew and Bunson, Stephen. "Galatian", ''Our Sunday Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints'', Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2003] {{ISBN|9781931709750}}</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 251]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Siria]] ctjzoy3fk24l7yx7enuqxgyj1iuaaf6 0 248539 1594617 2026-09-05T14:42:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Foligno085.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Sanamu]] yake katika [[kanisa kuu]] la Mt. Felisiani huko Foligno.]] '''Mesalina wa Foligno''' ([[Foligno]], [[Umbria]], [[Italia]], [[235]] - Foligno, [[23 Januari]] [[249]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] [[Ukristo|Mkristo]] chini ya [[Felisiani wa Foligno|Felisiani]], [[askofu]] wa kwanza wa eneo hilo kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[204]] hadi [[kifo]] chake <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |ti...' 1594617 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Foligno085.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Sanamu]] yake katika [[kanisa kuu]] la Mt. Felisiani huko Foligno.]] '''Mesalina wa Foligno''' ([[Foligno]], [[Umbria]], [[Italia]], [[235]] - Foligno, [[23 Januari]] [[249]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] [[Ukristo|Mkristo]] chini ya [[Felisiani wa Foligno|Felisiani]], [[askofu]] wa kwanza wa eneo hilo kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[204]] hadi [[kifo]] chake <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |title=Patron Saints Index: Saint Felician of Foligno |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026075349/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |archivedate=2007-10-26 }}</ref>. Huyo alipofungwa katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]], Messalina alijitolea kumletea kila siku [[chakula]]. Alipogundulika aliuawa siku moja kabla ya askofu. Tangu zamani anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] [[tarehe]] [[23 Januari]]. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Marejeo == * Lodovico Jacobilli, ''Compendio della vita di santa Messalina vergine e martire di Foligno'', Foligno 1628. * [[Michele Faloci Pulignani]], ''Santa Messalina Vergine martire di Foligno'', in "Archivio per la Storia Ecclesiastica dell'Umbria", V (1921). * Maria Castiglione Humani, ''Santa Messalina da Foligno vergine e martire'', Terni 1935. ==Viungo vya nje== *http://www.lamiaumbria.it/scheda_comuni.asp?pag=1747 La Mia Umbria-Santa Messalina {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 235]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 249]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 4fxgzidyzc238o2t7w9vl1263mb83l0 1594618 1594617 2026-09-05T14:43:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1594618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Foligno085.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Sanamu]] yake katika [[kanisa kuu]] la Mt. Felisiani huko Foligno.]] '''Mesalina wa Foligno''' ([[Foligno]], [[Umbria]], [[Italia]], [[235]] - Foligno, [[23 Januari]] [[249]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] [[Ukristo|Mkristo]] chini ya [[Felisiani wa Foligno|Felisiani]], [[askofu]] wa kwanza wa eneo hilo kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[204]] hadi [[kifo]] chake <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |title=Patron Saints Index: Saint Felician of Foligno |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026075349/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf1s.htm |archivedate=2007-10-26 }}</ref>. Huyo alipofungwa katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]], Messalina alijitolea kumletea kila siku [[chakula]]. Alipogundulika aliuawa siku moja kabla ya askofu. Tangu zamani anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] [[tarehe]] [[23 Januari]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Marejeo == * Lodovico Jacobilli, ''Compendio della vita di santa Messalina vergine e martire di Foligno'', Foligno 1628. * [[Michele Faloci Pulignani]], ''Santa Messalina Vergine martire di Foligno'', in "Archivio per la Storia Ecclesiastica dell'Umbria", V (1921). * Maria Castiglione Humani, ''Santa Messalina da Foligno vergine e martire'', Terni 1935. ==Viungo vya nje== *http://www.lamiaumbria.it/scheda_comuni.asp?pag=1747 La Mia Umbria-Santa Messalina {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 235]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 249]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 8h2nm3hholvgc7892kyjahbfqgk2328 0 248540 1594619 2026-09-05T14:44:06Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Massimiliana Landini Aleotti''' (alizaliwa [[7 Agosti]] [[1942]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]]. Yeye ni mmiliki mwenza na mrithi wa kampuni ya dawa Menarini iliyoko Florence, Tuscany, na mmoja wa wanawake kumi tajiri zaidi duniani.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legacy of Massimiliana Landini Aleotti |url=https://193countriesconsortium.com/2025/01/the-legacy-of-massimiliana-landini-aleotti-and-family/ |website=193 Countries Consortium |ac...' 1594619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Massimiliana Landini Aleotti''' (alizaliwa [[7 Agosti]] [[1942]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]]. Yeye ni mmiliki mwenza na mrithi wa kampuni ya dawa Menarini iliyoko Florence, Tuscany, na mmoja wa wanawake kumi tajiri zaidi duniani.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legacy of Massimiliana Landini Aleotti |url=https://193countriesconsortium.com/2025/01/the-legacy-of-massimiliana-landini-aleotti-and-family/ |website=193 Countries Consortium |access-date=2 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|title=Forbes' 10 wealthiest women 2016 – in pictures|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/gallery/2016/mar/01/forbes-10-wealthiest-women-2016-in-pictures|accessdate=17 March 2017|work=The Guardian|date=1 March 2016}}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Kufikia Machi 2026, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 7.9.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=Massimiliana Landini Aleotti|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/massimiliana-landini-aleotti/|website=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=}}</ref> Binti yake Lucia ni mwenyekiti wa Menarini na mwanawe Alberto Giovanni ni naibu mwenyekiti. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mwt9nkcuoj6mwz6bq2ijg29pmmo3i1p 0 248541 1594628 2026-09-05T15:39:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carlo Benetton''' ( [[26 Desemba]] [[1943]] – [[10 Julai]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Carlo Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Carlo Benetton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/luciano-benetton/|we...' 1594628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlo Benetton''' ( [[26 Desemba]] [[1943]] – [[10 Julai]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Carlo Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Carlo Benetton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/luciano-benetton/|website=Forbes|accessdate=15 July 2018}}</ref> == Wasifu == Carlo Benetton alikuwa mtoto wa mwisho kati ya watoto wanne wa Leone Benetton na Rosa Carniato. Mwaka 1965, alianzisha Benetton Group huko Ponzano Veneto, pamoja na ndugu zake Luciano Benetton, Gilberto, na Giuliana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/mpda-morto-carlo-benetton-fratello-minore-dinastia-veneta-cdf26ffb-09a1-4dd1-ad91-dbc5c0d52aa1.html|title=Moda. Morto Carlo Benetton, fratello minore dinastia veneta|website=rainews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/moda/news/18_luglio_10/morto-carlo-benetton-piu-giovane-fratelli-1e6ea29c-842a-11e8-a3ad-a03e04fe079c.shtml|title=Morto Carlo Benetton, il più giovane dei fratelli Foto|author=Maria Teresa Veneziani|website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref> Baada ya kikundi cha Benetton kuanzishwa, Carlo Benetton alikuwa na jukumu la ununuzi, malighafi na kudumisha mashamba makubwa ya Benettons nchini Argentina. Pia alikuwa rais wa Tenute Maccarese huko Lazio, moja ya makampuni muhimu ya kilimo nchini Italia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maccaresespa.com/archivio-storico/|title=Archivio storico – Azienda Agricola Maccarese|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] l17jr80q0o1tagblcywlsom6qx25vfj 0 248542 1594629 2026-09-05T16:09:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paolo Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[20 Aprili]] [[1961]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mshindi wa ''24 Hours of Le Mans'' ya [[1985]]. Mwendesha magari wa zamani wa [[Formula One]] ambaye aliwania timu ya Minardi, Barilla sasa ni Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group na, kufikia Januari 2017, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.39.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Paolo Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-barilla/...' 1594629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paolo Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[20 Aprili]] [[1961]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mshindi wa ''24 Hours of Le Mans'' ya [[1985]]. Mwendesha magari wa zamani wa [[Formula One]] ambaye aliwania timu ya Minardi, Barilla sasa ni Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group na, kufikia Januari 2017, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.39.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Paolo Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-barilla/|website=Forbes|access-date=23 January 2017}}</ref> == Kazi ya Mbio == Barilla alianza mbio za magari mwaka 1975 na alishinda ubingwa wa Italia wa karting wa 100cc mwaka uliofuata. Aliingia Formula Fiat Abarth mwaka 1980 na mwaka uliofuata akapanda hadi Formula 3, ambako alishinda mbio kadhaa na kumaliza wa tatu katika Ubingwa wa Italia. Kisha aliingia Formula 2 mwaka 1982 na Minardi, lakini kati ya 1983 na 1988 alijikita katika mbio za magari ya michezo, akishinda 24 Hours of Le Mans kwa tofauti ya mizunguko mitatu mwaka 1985, miongoni mwa ushindi mwingine, katika Joest Racing Porsche 956, aliyoendesha pamoja na Klaus Ludwig, Paul Belmondo, Marc Duez na Louis Krages (aliyejulikana wakati huo kama John Winter). Mwaka 1987, Barilla alirudi kwenye magari ya siti moja na akashiriki katika Ubingwa wa Formula 3000 wa Japani, kabla ya kurudi Minardi mwaka 1989 kwa majaribio. Jaribio hili lilimpa nafasi ya kuchukua nafasi ya Pierluigi Martini huko Suzuka mwaka huo na baadaye akasainiwa kuendeshea timu hiyo mwaka 1990. Barilla hakuwa na kasi ya kutosha kufuzu mara kwa mara na alibadilishwa kabla ya mwisho wa mwaka na Gianni Morbidelli.<ref name="Barilla Group">{{cite web|title=Paolo Barilla Biography|url=https://www.barillagroup.com/en/paolo-barilla-en|website=BarillaGroup.com|access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> Mwaka 2014, Barilla alishinda Monaco Historic Grand Prix katika darasa la Formula 3 akiendesha Chevron B34. Barilla alionyeshwa katika filamu ya maandishi ya 2017 kuhusu marekebisho ya gari la kihistoria la Ferrari 312B la Formula 1. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6xmq56caolm60upchtpc80hmq9bkj44 0 248543 1594630 2026-09-05T16:14:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Luca Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[12 Mei]] [[1960]] huko [[Milano|Milan]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na naibu mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group, kampuni kubwa zaidi ya [[pasta]] duniani, ambayo asilimia 85 inamilikiwa na Luca, ndugu zake Guido na Paolo, na dada yake.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Luca Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/luca-barilla/|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref...' 1594630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luca Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[12 Mei]] [[1960]] huko [[Milano|Milan]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na naibu mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group, kampuni kubwa zaidi ya [[pasta]] duniani, ambayo asilimia 85 inamilikiwa na Luca, ndugu zake Guido na Paolo, na dada yake.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Luca Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/luca-barilla/|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="BarillaGroup">{{cite web|url=https://www.barillagroup.com/en/luca-barilla-en |title=Luca Barilla Biography |website=Barillagroup.com |date= |accessdate=2020-06-16}}</ref> Barilla alianza kushiriki katika biashara ya familia mwaka 1980. Mwaka 1984, baada ya kumaliza masomo yake nchini [[Marekani]] na huduma ya kijeshi katika polisi ya kijeshi ya Italia Carabinieri, aliteuliwa kwenye nafasi ya meneja wa bidhaa. Alifanya mafunzo ya kitaaluma katika Kampuni, kwanza katika kampuni tanzu ya Barilla France huko [[Paris]] na kisha katika makao makuu ya [[Amerika]]. Mwaka 1987, Luca Barilla alikua mwanachama wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya Kikundi cha familia, ambayo alichaguliwa kuwa Naibu Mwenyekiti mwaka uliofuata. Ameshikilia nafasi hii tangu wakati huo, akiwa Naibu Mwenyekiti wa sasa wa Kikundi.<ref name="Finanza.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.finanza.com/Finanza/Notizie_Italia/Italia/notizia/Barilla_vende_il_100_di_GranMilano_a_Sammontana-227942|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711182403/https://www.finanza.com/Finanza/Notizie_Italia/Italia/notizia/Barilla_vende_il_100_di_GranMilano_a_Sammontana-227942|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 11, 2020|title=Barilla vende il 100% di GranMilano a Sammontana|website=Finanza.com|date=|accessdate=2020-07-08}}</ref> Mwaka 1997 Luca Barilla aliteuliwa kuwa Rais wa GranMilano, kampuni inayoongoza katika uzalishaji wa bidhaa za confectionery. Alishikilia nafasi hii hadi 2008, wakati chapa ilipouzwa. Mwaka 2018, pamoja na mke wake Michela Petronio, alinunua Pastiglie Leone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benna |first=Christian |date=2018-09-30 |title=Luca Barilla rilancia le Pastiglie Leone: «Un milione per i dipendenti» |url=https://torino.corriere.it/economia/18_settembre_30/luca-barilla-rilancia-pastiglie-leone-un-milione-dipendenti-4f14458c-c4e9-11e8-a181-ae01ca7df8b0.shtml |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La storia di Leone |url=https://leone1857.com/pages/la-storia-di-leone |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Leone 1857 |language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kbwf6sdxgh71mf2em2caje12bulnc6x 1594633 1594630 2026-09-05T16:38:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luca Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[12 Mei]] [[1960]] huko [[Milano|Milan]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na naibu mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group, kampuni kubwa zaidi ya [[pasta]] duniani, ambayo asilimia 85 inamilikiwa na Luca, ndugu zake Guido na Paolo, na dada yake.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Luca Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/luca-barilla/|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="BarillaGroup">{{cite web|url=https://www.barillagroup.com/en/luca-barilla-en |title=Luca Barilla Biography |website=Barillagroup.com |date= |accessdate=2020-06-16}}</ref> Barilla alianza kushiriki katika biashara ya familia mwaka 1980. Mwaka 1984, baada ya kumaliza masomo yake nchini [[Marekani]] na huduma ya kijeshi katika polisi ya kijeshi ya Italia Carabinieri, aliteuliwa kwenye nafasi ya meneja wa bidhaa. Alifanya mafunzo ya kitaaluma katika Kampuni, kwanza katika kampuni tanzu ya Barilla France huko [[Paris]] na kisha katika makao makuu ya [[Amerika]]. Mwaka 1987, Luca Barilla alikua mwanachama wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya Kikundi cha familia, ambayo alichaguliwa kuwa Naibu Mwenyekiti mwaka uliofuata. Ameshikilia nafasi hii tangu wakati huo, akiwa Naibu Mwenyekiti wa sasa wa Kikundi.<ref name="Finanza.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.finanza.com/Finanza/Notizie_Italia/Italia/notizia/Barilla_vende_il_100_di_GranMilano_a_Sammontana-227942|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711182403/https://www.finanza.com/Finanza/Notizie_Italia/Italia/notizia/Barilla_vende_il_100_di_GranMilano_a_Sammontana-227942|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 11, 2020|title=Barilla vende il 100% di GranMilano a Sammontana|website=Finanza.com|date=|accessdate=2020-07-08}}</ref> Mwaka 1997 Luca Barilla aliteuliwa kuwa Rais wa GranMilano, kampuni inayoongoza katika uzalishaji wa bidhaa za confectionery. Alishikilia nafasi hii hadi 2008, wakati chapa ilipouzwa. Mwaka 2018, pamoja na mke wake Michela Petronio, alinunua Pastiglie Leone.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Benna |first=Christian |date=2018-09-30 |title=Luca Barilla rilancia le Pastiglie Leone: «Un milione per i dipendenti» |url=https://torino.corriere.it/economia/18_settembre_30/luca-barilla-rilancia-pastiglie-leone-un-milione-dipendenti-4f14458c-c4e9-11e8-a181-ae01ca7df8b0.shtml |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Corriere della Sera |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=La storia di Leone |url=https://leone1857.com/pages/la-storia-di-leone |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Leone 1857 |language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cc7y4j2mg45suzjhvvldbjza4kmly6b 0 248544 1594632 2026-09-05T16:19:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Guido Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[30 Julai]] [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group, kampuni kubwa zaidi ya [[pasta]] duniani, ambayo asilimia 85 inamilikiwa na Guido, dada yake na ndugu zake wawili.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Guido Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/guido-barilla/|website=Forbes|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Guido Barilla a...' 1594632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guido Barilla''' (alizaliwa [[30 Julai]] [[1958]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], na mwenyekiti wa Barilla Group, kampuni kubwa zaidi ya [[pasta]] duniani, ambayo asilimia 85 inamilikiwa na Guido, dada yake na ndugu zake wawili.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Guido Barilla|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/guido-barilla/|website=Forbes|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Guido Barilla alizaliwa tarehe 30 Julai 1958 huko [[Milano|Milan]], Italia. Alisoma nchini [[Marekani]] na Italia, ambako alisoma Falsafa katika Università Statale di Milano.<ref name="scienceforpeace1">{{cite web|url=http://www.scienceforpeace.it/edizioni-precedenti/2009/speaker-abstract-5/speaker/guido-barilla |title=GUIDO BARILLA - Science for Peace |website=Scienceforpeace.it |access-date=2017-01-23}}</ref> == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake mwaka 1982, katika idara ya mauzo ya Barilla France. Mwaka 1986, alikua meneja mwandamizi na akaongoza upanuzi wa kimataifa wa kampuni. Mwaka 1988, alikua naibu mwenyekiti wa Barilla, na tangu Oktoba 1993 amekuwa mwenyekiti.<ref name="BarillaGroup">{{cite web|url=https://www.barillagroup.com/en/guido-barilla-en |title=Guido Barilla Biography |website=Barillagroup.com |access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref><ref name="Fondazione Barilla">{{cite web|url=https://www.fondazionebarilla.com/ |title=Fondazione Barilla Official Website |website=fondazionebarilla.com |access-date=2022-07-08}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tt8akjkcrd8b86lsfpmqxw5bmybh0j3 0 248545 1594634 2026-09-05T18:30:58Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1594634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jose Manuel Heredia Jr.''' (alizawliwa [[1954]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/98-323.html |title=Interviews with the Candidates for Belize Rural South |access-date=2016-12-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225708/http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/98-323.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]], Waziri wa utalii na, kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2012, alishikilia dhamana ya Usafiri wa Anga nchini Belize. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet |date=12 February 2008 |publisher=CANA News |accessdate=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |archivedate=27 February 2009 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1954]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] cbhm04mrze675mzu6fyjiznfdxr6po5 1594683 1594634 2026-09-05T22:20:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jose Manuel Heredia Jr.''' (alizawliwa [[1954]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/98-323.html |title=Interviews with the Candidates for Belize Rural South |access-date=2016-12-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225708/http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/98-323.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]], Waziri wa utalii na, kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2012, alishikilia dhamana ya Usafiri wa Anga nchini Belize. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet |date=12 February 2008 |publisher=CANA News |accessdate=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |archivedate=27 February 2009 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1954]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] gt0em7vafs8bl6d055d7tr10fxcbyuq 0 248546 1594635 2026-09-05T18:34:36Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1594635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea Gill''' ni rais wa zamani wa Seneti ya [[Belize]] akihudumu kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2012. Kati ya mwaka wa 2008 na 2009, Gill alihudumu kama rais wa Jukwaa la Wakuu wa Mabunge ya Kitaifa ya Amerika ya Kati na [[Caribbean]] (FOPREL). <ref name=profile>{{cite web|title=Senator Andrea Gill|url=http://www.nationalassembly.gov.bz/index.php/senate-upperhouse/76-members-of-the-senate/142-senator-andrea-gill|publisher=National Assembly of Belize|access-date=16 September 2015|location=Belmopan, Belize|date=16 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916203933/http://www.nationalassembly.gov.bz/index.php/senate-upperhouse/76-members-of-the-senate/142-senator-andrea-gill|archive-date=2015-09-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] nnylz22cbm9k3t8ok5sqc43w1wtuy6p 0 248547 1594636 2026-09-05T18:52:31Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Silvio Berlusconi''' ( [[29 Septemba]] [[1936]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2023]]) alikuwa tajiri wa vyombo vya habari na [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama waziri mkuu wa Italia katika serikali tatu kuanzia 1994 hadi 1995, 2001 hadi 2006 na 2008 hadi 2011.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2014|url=https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|title=Silvio Berlusconi|website=Biography|publisher=A&E Television Networks|access-date=5 J...' 1594636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvio Berlusconi''' ( [[29 Septemba]] [[1936]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2023]]) alikuwa tajiri wa vyombo vya habari na [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama waziri mkuu wa Italia katika serikali tatu kuanzia 1994 hadi 1995, 2001 hadi 2006 na 2008 hadi 2011.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2014|url=https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|title=Silvio Berlusconi|website=Biography|publisher=A&E Television Networks|access-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010612/https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|archive-date=6 January 2019|url-status=dead}} Updated 26 February 2018.</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Manaibu kuanzia 1994 hadi 2013; mwanachama wa Seneti ya Jamhuri kuanzia 2022 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2023, na hapo awali kuanzia Machi hadi Novemba 2013; na mwanachama wa Bunge la [[Ulaya]] (MEP) kuanzia 2019 hadi 2022, na hapo awali kuanzia 1999 hadi 2001<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite web|last=Roberts|first=Hannah|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/silvio-berlusconi-mep-european-elections-italy-forza-italia-league-a8931186.html|title=Silvio Berlusconi is back on the Italian political scene. How did he get there?|date=27 May 2019|website=The Independent|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=7 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507153613/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/silvio-berlusconi-mep-european-elections-italy-forza-italia-league-a8931186.html|url-status=live}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake mwaka 2023, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 6.8 kulingana na [[Forbes]], na kumfanya kuwa mtu wa 352 tajiri zaidi duniani na mtu wa tatu tajiri zaidi nchini Italia.<ref name=donne>{{Cite news|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_giugno_12/berlusconi-mogli-donne-afa8c63a-d3ac-11ed-ba6c-77fbc62fc42e.shtml|title=Mamma Rosa, mogli, fidanzate (e il ruolo chiave della figlia Marina): le donne della vita di Berlusconi|last=Candida Morvillo|date=12 June 2023|access-date=13 June 2023|language=it|website=Corriere della Sera|archive-date=13 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613060328/https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_giugno_12/berlusconi-mogli-donne-afa8c63a-d3ac-11ed-ba6c-77fbc62fc42e.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] p7o88b1jwam9fzmupmzrzzddh452ebj 1594639 1594636 2026-09-05T18:55:48Z Ally0111 85292 1594639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvio Berlusconi''' ( [[29 Septemba]] [[1936]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mmiliki wa vyombo vya habari na [[mwanasiasa]] tajiri nchini [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama waziri mkuu wa Italia katika serikali tatu kuanzia 1994 hadi 1995, 2001 hadi 2006 na 2008 hadi 2011.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2014|url=https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|title=Silvio Berlusconi|website=Biography|publisher=A&E Television Networks|access-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010612/https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|archive-date=6 January 2019|url-status=dead}} Updated 26 February 2018.</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Manaibu kuanzia 1994 hadi 2013; mwanachama wa Seneti ya Jamhuri kuanzia 2022 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2023, na hapo awali kuanzia Machi hadi Novemba 2013; na mwanachama wa Bunge la [[Ulaya]] (MEP) kuanzia 2019 hadi 2022, na hapo awali kuanzia 1999 hadi 2001<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite web|last=Roberts|first=Hannah|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/silvio-berlusconi-mep-european-elections-italy-forza-italia-league-a8931186.html|title=Silvio Berlusconi is back on the Italian political scene. How did he get there?|date=27 May 2019|website=The Independent|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=7 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507153613/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/silvio-berlusconi-mep-european-elections-italy-forza-italia-league-a8931186.html|url-status=live}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake mwaka 2023, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 6.8 kulingana na [[Forbes]], na kumfanya kuwa mtu wa 352 tajiri zaidi duniani na mtu wa tatu tajiri zaidi nchini Italia.<ref name=donne>{{Cite news|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_giugno_12/berlusconi-mogli-donne-afa8c63a-d3ac-11ed-ba6c-77fbc62fc42e.shtml|title=Mamma Rosa, mogli, fidanzate (e il ruolo chiave della figlia Marina): le donne della vita di Berlusconi|last=Candida Morvillo|date=12 June 2023|access-date=13 June 2023|language=it|website=Corriere della Sera|archive-date=13 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613060328/https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_giugno_12/berlusconi-mogli-donne-afa8c63a-d3ac-11ed-ba6c-77fbc62fc42e.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] qtu80jw7nbifcg3528v93j86cfy0b1l 1594690 1594639 2026-09-05T23:54:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvio Berlusconi''' ( [[29 Septemba]] [[1936]] – [[12 Juni]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mmiliki wa vyombo vya habari na [[mwanasiasa]] tajiri nchini [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama waziri mkuu wa Italia katika serikali tatu kuanzia 1994 hadi 1995, 2001 hadi 2006 na 2008 hadi 2011.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2014|url=https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|title=Silvio Berlusconi|website=Biography|publisher=A&E Television Networks|access-date=5 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010612/https://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602|archive-date=6 January 2019|url-status=dead}} Updated 26 February 2018.</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Manaibu kuanzia 1994 hadi 2013; mwanachama wa Seneti ya Jamhuri kuanzia 2022 hadi kifo chake mwaka 2023, na hapo awali kuanzia Machi hadi Novemba 2013; na mwanachama wa Bunge la [[Ulaya]] (MEP) kuanzia 2019 hadi 2022, na hapo awali kuanzia 1999 hadi 2001<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{cite web|last=Roberts|first=Hannah|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/silvio-berlusconi-mep-european-elections-italy-forza-italia-league-a8931186.html|title=Silvio Berlusconi is back on the Italian political scene. How did he get there?|date=27 May 2019|website=The Independent|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=7 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507153613/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/silvio-berlusconi-mep-european-elections-italy-forza-italia-league-a8931186.html|url-status=live}}</ref>. Wakati wa kifo chake mwaka 2023, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 6.8 kulingana na [[Forbes]], na kumfanya kuwa mtu wa 352 tajiri zaidi duniani na mtu wa tatu tajiri zaidi nchini Italia.<ref name=donne>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_giugno_12/berlusconi-mogli-donne-afa8c63a-d3ac-11ed-ba6c-77fbc62fc42e.shtml|title=Mamma Rosa, mogli, fidanzate (e il ruolo chiave della figlia Marina): le donne della vita di Berlusconi|last=Candida Morvillo|date=12 June 2023|access-date=13 June 2023|language=it|website=Corriere della Sera|archive-date=13 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613060328/https://www.corriere.it/politica/23_giugno_12/berlusconi-mogli-donne-afa8c63a-d3ac-11ed-ba6c-77fbc62fc42e.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] 4wwcjlgmcretwimgu7ya3xpn2av4bpi 0 248548 1594637 2026-09-05T18:53:08Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Michael Kenneth Mann''' (amezaliwa 5 Februari 1943) ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mtayarishaji]], [[mtunzi wa filamu]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa maigizo ya kihalifu na ameshinda tuzo mbili za [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], pamoja na [[BAFTA Award]]. Pia ameteuliwa mara kadhaa kwa [[Academy Awards]] na [[Golden Globe Awards]]. Kazi zake mashuhuri ni pamoja na ''[[The Jericho Mile]]'' (1979), ''Thi...' 1594637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Michael Kenneth Mann''' (amezaliwa 5 Februari 1943) ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mtayarishaji]], [[mtunzi wa filamu]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa maigizo ya kihalifu na ameshinda tuzo mbili za [[Primetime Emmy Awards]], pamoja na [[BAFTA Award]]. Pia ameteuliwa mara kadhaa kwa [[Academy Awards]] na [[Golden Globe Awards]]. Kazi zake mashuhuri ni pamoja na ''[[The Jericho Mile]]'' (1979), ''[[Thief (film)|Thief]]'' (1981), ''[[Heat (filamu ya 1995)|Heat]]'' (1995), ''[[The Insider (filamu)|The Insider]]'' (1999), ''[[Collateral (filamu)|Collateral]]'' (2004), na ''[[Ferrari (filamu ya 2023)|Ferrari]]'' (2023). Alikuwa pia mtayarishaji mkuu wa mfululizo wa televisheni ''[[Miami Vice]]'' (1984–90).<ref name="B">{{cite web|title=Michael Mann|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Mann-American-director-and-screenwriter|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=November 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UPI Almanac for Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2025|work=UPI|date=February 5, 2025|accessdate=February 6, 2025|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2025/02/05/UPI-Almanac-for-Wednesday-Feb-5-2025/7071738722532/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/feb/13/artsfeatures |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Ali likes the film a lot. He's seen it six times |first=Xan |last=Brooks |date=February 13, 2002 |access-date=May 12, 2010}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1943}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Marekani]] g2vg3xls2jpefxqmmxgbkkug8tq5bkr 0 248549 1594638 2026-09-05T18:54:59Z Fabriceaksantimusa 92162 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox person|name=Fabrice Zigashane|birth_place=Kaniola, Walungu, Kivu Kusini, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|nationality=Mkongo|occupation=Mfanyabiashara|known_for=Ujasiriamali}} '''Fabrice Zigashane''', pia anajulikana kama '''Fabrice Musa Barhabula''', ni mfanyabiashara kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Maisha ya awali == Amezaliwa Kaniola, katika tarafa ya Ngweshe, Wilaya ya Walungu, Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini, Mashariki mwa Jamhuri ya Kidem...' 1594638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Fabrice Zigashane|birth_place=Kaniola, Walungu, Kivu Kusini, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|nationality=Mkongo|occupation=Mfanyabiashara|known_for=Ujasiriamali}} '''Fabrice Zigashane''', pia anajulikana kama '''Fabrice Musa Barhabula''', ni mfanyabiashara kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Maisha ya awali == Amezaliwa Kaniola, katika tarafa ya Ngweshe, Wilaya ya Walungu, Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini, Mashariki mwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. == Kazi == Ni mfanyabiashara anayejishughulisha na biashara katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Anajulikana kwa shughuli zake za ujasiriamali katika eneo la Kivu. == Marejeo == * Facebook: Fabrice musa barhabula {{Mbegu-bio}} 9tm08ztzuigumadgb7aqili7dft5qzs 0 248550 1594640 2026-09-05T19:13:39Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Luciano Benetton''' (alizaliwa [[13 Mei]] [[1935]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Benetton kuanzia 1978 hadi 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=319906&privcapId=319904&previousCapId=18501&previousTitle=21%20Investimenti%20SGR%20S.p.A.|title=Luciano Benetton: Executive Profile &...' 1594640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luciano Benetton''' (alizaliwa [[13 Mei]] [[1935]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Benetton kuanzia 1978 hadi 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=319906&privcapId=319904&previousCapId=18501&previousTitle=21%20Investimenti%20SGR%20S.p.A.|title=Luciano Benetton: Executive Profile & Biography – Bloomberg|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Luciano Benetton alizaliwa tarehe 13 Mei 1935 huko [[Treviso]]. Baba yake alikuwa na biashara ndogo na baada ya kifo chake, Benetton aliacha shule akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 kufanya kazi katika duka la nguo. Aliokoa pesa za kununua mashine ya kusuka yenye thamani ya dola 200 na kuungana na dada yake kuzalisha mkusanyiko wa vipande ishirini vya sweta za manjano, kijani na rangi ya samawati hafifu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web|title=Luciano Benetton|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luciano-Benetton|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Berend">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Ok8DQAAQBAJ&q=the+benetton+opened+their+first+store+in+1966&pg=PA299|title=An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization|last=Berend|first=Ivan T.|date=22 September 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-54628-4|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Mwaka 1965, pamoja na ndugu zake Giuliana, Carlo na Gilberto, alianzisha Benetton Group. Hatua ya kuanza ya biashara ilikuwa uzalishaji wa sweta za knitted za rangi angavu, zilizotengenezwa na Juliana Benetton kwenye mashine ya kusuka nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/02/17/the-true-colors-of-luciano-benetton/4a8bfcab-ed6a-42bd-80bf-27901ef9b9de/|title=THE TRUE COLORS OF LUCIANO BENETTON|last=Waxman|first=Sharon|date=17 February 1993|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=21 November 2017|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Mwaka 1992, alichaguliwa katika Seneti ya Italia. Mwaka 2003, alitangaza kwamba familia yake inaachana na uendeshaji wa kampuni, kutokana na kupungua kwa mauzo na kuongezeka kwa ushindani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=История компании Benetton Group |url=https://benetton-italy.ru/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=benetton-italy.ru}}</ref> Mwaka 2006, alianzisha Mkusanyiko wa Imago Mundi, mkusanyiko wa sanaa ya kisasa katika muundo wa sentimita 10 kwa 12 kutoka duniani kote. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Luciano Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dlsrjozye6x7ujob9ssfxi3fzb5pots 1594681 1594640 2026-09-05T22:13:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1594681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luciano Benetton''' (alizaliwa [[13 Mei]] [[1935]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Benetton kuanzia 1978 hadi 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=319906&privcapId=319904&previousCapId=18501&previousTitle=21%20Investimenti%20SGR%20S.p.A.|title=Luciano Benetton: Executive Profile & Biography – Bloomberg|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=22 November 2017}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Luciano Benetton alizaliwa tarehe 13 Mei 1935 huko [[Treviso]]. Baba yake alikuwa na biashara ndogo na baada ya kifo chake, Benetton aliacha shule akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 kufanya kazi katika duka la nguo. Aliokoa pesa za kununua mashine ya kusuka yenye thamani ya dola 200 na kuungana na dada yake kuzalisha mkusanyiko wa vipande ishirini vya sweta za manjano, kijani na rangi ya samawati hafifu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web|title=Luciano Benetton|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luciano-Benetton|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Berend">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Ok8DQAAQBAJ&q=the+benetton+opened+their+first+store+in+1966&pg=PA299|title=An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization|last=Berend|first=Ivan T.|date=22 September 2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-54628-4|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Mwaka 1965, pamoja na ndugu zake Giuliana, Carlo na Gilberto, alianzisha Benetton Group. Hatua ya kuanza ya biashara ilikuwa uzalishaji wa sweta za knitted za rangi angavu, zilizotengenezwa na Juliana Benetton kwenye mashine ya kusuka nyumbani.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/02/17/the-true-colors-of-luciano-benetton/4a8bfcab-ed6a-42bd-80bf-27901ef9b9de/|title=THE TRUE COLORS OF LUCIANO BENETTON|last=Waxman|first=Sharon|date=17 February 1993|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=21 November 2017|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Mwaka 1992, alichaguliwa katika Seneti ya Italia. Mwaka 2003, alitangaza kwamba familia yake inaachana na uendeshaji wa kampuni, kutokana na kupungua kwa mauzo na kuongezeka kwa ushindani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=История компании Benetton Group |url=https://benetton-italy.ru/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=benetton-italy.ru}}</ref> Mwaka 2006, alianzisha Mkusanyiko wa Imago Mundi, mkusanyiko wa sanaa ya kisasa katika muundo wa sentimita 10 kwa 12 kutoka duniani kote. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Luciano Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5fsi4i1ykwv4zliwspupnj7iorkm0tl 0 248551 1594641 2026-09-05T19:16:14Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Thomas Edward Sizemore Jr.''' (29 Novemba 1961 – 3 Machi 2023) alikuwa [[mwigizaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[Detroit]], na alianza kazi yake kwa kuonekana katika filamu kama ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (filamu ya 1989)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'' (1989), ''[[Lock Up (filamu ya 1989)|Lock Up]]'' (1989), na ''[[Blue Steel (filamu ya 1990)|Blue Steel]]'' (1990). Baadaye alishiriki katika filamu maarufu kama ''Pa...' 1594641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Edward Sizemore Jr.''' (29 Novemba 1961 – 3 Machi 2023) alikuwa [[mwigizaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[Detroit]], na alianza kazi yake kwa kuonekana katika filamu kama ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (filamu ya 1989)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'' (1989), ''[[Lock Up (filamu ya 1989)|Lock Up]]'' (1989), na ''[[Blue Steel (filamu ya 1990)|Blue Steel]]'' (1990). Baadaye alishiriki katika filamu maarufu kama ''[[Passenger 57]]'' (1992), ''[[True Romance]]'' (1993), ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' (1994), ''[[Heat (filamu ya 1995)|Heat]]'' (1995), na ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' (1998). Aliteuliwa katika tuzo za [[Golden Globe]] kupitia filamu ya televisheni ''[[Witness Protection]]'' (1999), na pia alitoa sauti ya Sonny Forelli katika mchezo wa video ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas Sizemore|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001744/|website=IMDb|access-date=Septemba 5, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/11/29/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Nov-29-2019/6411574957229/|title= UPI Almanac for Friday, Nov. 29, 2019|work= [[United Press International]] | date= November 29, 2019|access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date= December 24, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224110508/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/11/29/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Nov-29-2019/6411574957229//|url-status=live|quote=…actor Tom Sizemore in 1961 (age 58)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=For Detroit-born actor Tom Sizemore, dead at 61, the action was the juice |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/movies/2023/03/03/for-detroit-born-actor-tom-sizemore-the-action-was-the-juice/69964463007/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |work = The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/culture-monster-blog/story/2011-02-16/tom-sizemores-one-man-show-the-secret-hes-been-keeping-from-hollywood | title=Tom Sizemore's one-man show: The secret he's been keeping from Hollywood | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=February 16, 2011 }}</ref><ref>''By Some Miracle I Made It Out of There: A Memoir'', Tom Sizemore, Simon and Schuster, 2013, [http://books.simonandschuster.ca/By-Some-Miracle-I-Made-It-Out-of-There/Tom-Sizemore/9781451681673/excerpt transcript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040405/http://books.simonandschuster.ca/By-Some-Miracle-I-Made-It-Out-of-There/Tom-Sizemore/9781451681673/excerpt |date=January 6, 2014 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1961|2023}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1961|2023}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] i5larzjrugguxv0jghlz3fs5rbx0ho1 1594692 1594641 2026-09-06T00:08:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Thomas Edward Sizemore Jr.''' (29 Novemba 1961 – 3 Machi 2023) alikuwa [[mwigizaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[Detroit]], na alianza kazi yake kwa kuonekana katika filamu kama ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (filamu ya 1989)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'' (1989), ''[[Lock Up (filamu ya 1989)|Lock Up]]'' (1989), na ''[[Blue Steel (filamu ya 1990)|Blue Steel]]'' (1990). Baadaye alishiriki katika filamu maarufu kama ''[[Passenger 57]]'' (1992), ''[[True Romance]]'' (1993), ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' (1994), ''[[Heat (filamu ya 1995)|Heat]]'' (1995), na ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' (1998). Aliteuliwa katika tuzo za [[Golden Globe]] kupitia filamu ya televisheni ''[[Witness Protection]]'' (1999), na pia alitoa sauti ya Sonny Forelli katika mchezo wa video ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas Sizemore|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001744/|website=IMDb|access-date=Septemba 5, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/11/29/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Nov-29-2019/6411574957229/|title= UPI Almanac for Friday, Nov. 29, 2019|work= [[United Press International]] | date= November 29, 2019|access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date= December 24, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224110508/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/11/29/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Nov-29-2019/6411574957229//|url-status=live|quote=…actor Tom Sizemore in 1961 (age 58)}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=For Detroit-born actor Tom Sizemore, dead at 61, the action was the juice |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/movies/2023/03/03/for-detroit-born-actor-tom-sizemore-the-action-was-the-juice/69964463007/ |access-date=2023-03-10 |work = The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/culture-monster-blog/story/2011-02-16/tom-sizemores-one-man-show-the-secret-hes-been-keeping-from-hollywood | title=Tom Sizemore's one-man show: The secret he's been keeping from Hollywood | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=February 16, 2011 }}</ref><ref>''By Some Miracle I Made It Out of There: A Memoir'', Tom Sizemore, Simon and Schuster, 2013, [http://books.simonandschuster.ca/By-Some-Miracle-I-Made-It-Out-of-There/Tom-Sizemore/9781451681673/excerpt transcript] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040405/http://books.simonandschuster.ca/By-Some-Miracle-I-Made-It-Out-of-There/Tom-Sizemore/9781451681673/excerpt |date=January 6, 2014 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1961|2023}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1961|2023}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 2mc15vlyvd0yp73citk3ff17wifmj03 0 248552 1594642 2026-09-05T19:23:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Giuliana Benetton''' (alizaliwa [[8 Julai]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Giuliana Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Giuliana Benetton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/giuliana-benetton/|website=Forbes|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</r...' 1594642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giuliana Benetton''' (alizaliwa [[8 Julai]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Giuliana Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Giuliana Benetton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/giuliana-benetton/|website=Forbes|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</ref> Mwaka 2018, familia ya Benetton, ambayo Giuliana Benetton ni mmoja wa wanachama waanzilishi, ilikuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa Atlantia kupitia kampuni ya familia Edizione Holding na kampuni yake tanzu Sintonia; Atlantia ilidhibiti Autostrade per l'Italia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferraino |first=Giuliana |date=18 August 2018 |title=Autostrade, chi sono gli azionisti di Atlantia? |url=https://www.corriere.it/economia/18_agosto_18/singapore-fondazione-crt-soci-benetton-atlantia-autostrade-c1b901f2-a2d6-11e8-afa5-13cd0513c17b.shtml |website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref> Mnamo 14 Agosti 2018, kuanguka kwa Daraja la Morandi huko Genoa, miundombinu inayosimamiwa na Autostrade per l'Italia, kuliua watu 43. Kufuatia mkasa huo, familia ya Benetton na muundo wa shirika wa kikundi vikawa mada ya utata wa umma na mjadala kuhusu usimamizi wa mtandao wa barabara kuu za Italia na mfumo wa makubaliano ya barabara kuu. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jox2einp4kkd1rf2rg5g5yjdm8enf8i 1594665 1594642 2026-09-05T21:05:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giuliana Benetton''' (alizaliwa [[8 Julai]] [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia. Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Giuliana Benetton na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake watatu kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.9.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Giuliana Benetton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/giuliana-benetton/|website=Forbes|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</ref> Mwaka 2018, familia ya Benetton, ambayo Giuliana Benetton ni mmoja wa wanachama waanzilishi, ilikuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa Atlantia kupitia kampuni ya familia Edizione Holding na kampuni yake tanzu Sintonia; Atlantia ilidhibiti Autostrade per l'Italia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Ferraino |first=Giuliana |date=18 August 2018 |title=Autostrade, chi sono gli azionisti di Atlantia? |url=https://www.corriere.it/economia/18_agosto_18/singapore-fondazione-crt-soci-benetton-atlantia-autostrade-c1b901f2-a2d6-11e8-afa5-13cd0513c17b.shtml |website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref> Mnamo 14 Agosti 2018, kuanguka kwa Daraja la Morandi huko Genoa, miundombinu inayosimamiwa na Autostrade per l'Italia, kuliua watu 43. Kufuatia mkasa huo, familia ya Benetton na muundo wa shirika wa kikundi vikawa mada ya utata wa umma na mjadala kuhusu usimamizi wa mtandao wa barabara kuu za Italia na mfumo wa makubaliano ya barabara kuu. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b9vpak8sl9hmv3qtqn1axgco8ktlsp8 0 248553 1594643 2026-09-05T19:24:04Z Magotech 35622 Makala Mpya 1594643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''International Trade Union Confederation''' ('''''ITUC'''''; [[Kifaransa]]: ''Confédération syndicale international, CSI''; [[Kijerumani]]: ''Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB''; [[Kihispania]]: ''Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI'') ni shirikisho kubwa zaidi la vyama vya wafanyakazi duniani.<ref>{{Citation|title=International Trade Union Confederation—ITUC|date=2020-08-26|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003138587-47|work=The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2020|pages=652–654|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-003-13858-7|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Luc Triangle confirmed as ITUC General Secretary|url=https://www.ituc-csi.org/Luc-Triangle-confirmed-as-ITUC-General-Secretary|work=www.ituc-csi.org|date=2023-10-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == ITUC ilianzia kwenye Mkutano wa Kwanza wa Kimataifa (pia unajulikana kama International Workingmen's Association) na mwaka wa [[2014]] iliadhimisha kumbukumbu ya miaka 150 ya kuanzishwa kwa Chama cha International Working Men's Association katika mkutano wake wa dunia uliofanyika [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Citation|title=The Worst Places On The Planet To Be A Worker|date=2014-05-28|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html|work=HuffPost|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == 90eair9bvg88o96go6so4d2mobbnw19 1594645 1594643 2026-09-05T19:25:37Z Magotech 35622 1594645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''International Trade Union Confederation''' ('''''ITUC'''''; [[Kifaransa]]: ''Confédération syndicale international, CSI''; [[Kijerumani]]: ''Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB''; [[Kihispania]]: ''Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI'') ni shirikisho kubwa zaidi la vyama vya wafanyakazi duniani.<ref>{{Citation|title=International Trade Union Confederation—ITUC|date=2020-08-26|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003138587-47|work=The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2020|pages=652–654|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-003-13858-7|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Luc Triangle confirmed as ITUC General Secretary|url=https://www.ituc-csi.org/Luc-Triangle-confirmed-as-ITUC-General-Secretary|work=www.ituc-csi.org|date=2023-10-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == ITUC ilianzia kwenye Mkutano wa Kwanza wa Kimataifa (pia unajulikana kama International Workingmen's Association) na mwaka wa [[2014]] iliadhimisha kumbukumbu ya miaka 150 ya kuanzishwa kwa Chama cha International Working Men's Association katika mkutano wake wa dunia uliofanyika [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Citation|title=The Worst Places On The Planet To Be A Worker|date=2014-05-28|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html|work=HuffPost|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-historia}} gxfkwrd6kh09fj7swvj9kndpa5xuqvv 1594669 1594645 2026-09-05T21:19:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''International Trade Union Confederation''' ('''''ITUC'''''; [[Kifaransa]]: ''Confédération syndicale international, CSI''; [[Kijerumani]]: ''Internationaler Gewerkschaftsbund, IGB''; [[Kihispania]]: ''Confederación Sindical Internacional, CSI'') ni shirikisho kubwa zaidi la vyama vya wafanyakazi duniani.<ref>{{Citation|title=International Trade Union Confederation—ITUC|date=2020-08-26|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003138587-47|work=The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2020|pages=652–654|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-003-13858-7|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Luc Triangle confirmed as ITUC General Secretary|url=https://www.ituc-csi.org/Luc-Triangle-confirmed-as-ITUC-General-Secretary|work=www.ituc-csi.org|date=2023-10-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == ITUC ilianzia kwenye Mkutano wa Kwanza wa Kimataifa (pia unajulikana kama International Workingmen's Association) na mwaka wa [[2014]] iliadhimisha kumbukumbu ya miaka 150 ya kuanzishwa kwa Chama cha International Working Men's Association katika mkutano wake wa dunia uliofanyika [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Citation|title=The Worst Places On The Planet To Be A Worker|date=2014-05-28|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html|work=HuffPost|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-historia}} 16038yhlrcdj2z4wm5hfwa6hxjbhoh1 0 248554 1594644 2026-09-05T19:24:15Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Diane Venora''' (amezaliwa 10 Agosti 1952) ni [[mwigizaji wa filamu]], mwigizaji wa filamu na televisheni kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alisomea katika Skuli ya Juilliard na kuanza kuigiza filamu mwaka 1981 kupitia ''[[Wolfen]]''. Alishinda tuzo ya New York Film Critics Circle Award kama mwigizaji msaidizi katika filamu ya ''[[Bird (1988 film)|Bird]]'' (1988). Filamu nyingine alizoshiriki ni pamoja na ''[[The Cotton Club]]'' (1984), ''...' 1594644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Diane Venora''' (amezaliwa 10 Agosti 1952) ni [[mwigizaji wa filamu]], mwigizaji wa filamu na televisheni kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alisomea katika Skuli ya Juilliard na kuanza kuigiza filamu mwaka 1981 kupitia ''[[Wolfen]]''. Alishinda tuzo ya New York Film Critics Circle Award kama mwigizaji msaidizi katika filamu ya ''[[Bird (1988 film)|Bird]]'' (1988). Filamu nyingine alizoshiriki ni pamoja na ''[[The Cotton Club]]'' (1984), ''[[Ironweed]]'' (1987), ''[[Heat (filamu ya 1995)|Heat]]'' (1995), ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' (1996), ''[[The Jackal (filamu ya 1997)|The Jackal]]'' (1997), ''[[The Insider (filamu ya 1999)|The Insider]]'' (1999), na ''[[Hamlet (filamu ya 2000)|Hamlet]]'' (2000). <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.courant.com/1997/02/23/venora-robert-p-venora-sr/ | title = Venora. Robert P. Venora, Sr. | work = Hartford Courant | date = February 23, 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813191932/http://articles.courant.com/1997-02-23/news/9702230392_1_hartford-area-west-hartford-east-hartford |url-status=live |archive-date=August 13, 2012}}</ref> <ref name="People 1997">{{cite web | url = http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20123976,00.html | title = Second Act: Having Once Left Acting to Care for Her Daughter, Diane Venora Takes a Run at Stardom in ''The Jackal'' | work = People | first = Steven | last = Lang | date = December 8, 1997 | access-date = April 20, 2012 | archive-date = March 4, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060633/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20123976,00.html | url-status = dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1952}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] htgj7iukvwx6zzbyi6l6i1tuuqlqhgh 0 248555 1594646 2026-09-05T19:33:20Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Ashley Judd''' (amezaliwa 19 Aprili 1968) ni [[mwigizaji wa filamu]] na televisheni kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza kujulikana kupitia filamu ''[[Ruby in Paradise]]'' (1993), na baadaye alishiriki katika ''[[Heat (filamu ya 1995)|Heat]]'' (1995), ''[[A Time to Kill]]'' (1996), ''[[Kiss the Girls]]'' (1997), ''[[Double Jeopardy]]'' (1999), ''[[Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood]]'' (2002), ''[[De-Lovely]]'' (2004), ''Bug (filamu y...' 1594646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ashley Judd''' (amezaliwa 19 Aprili 1968) ni [[mwigizaji wa filamu]] na televisheni kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Alianza kujulikana kupitia filamu ''[[Ruby in Paradise]]'' (1993), na baadaye alishiriki katika ''[[Heat (filamu ya 1995)|Heat]]'' (1995), ''[[A Time to Kill]]'' (1996), ''[[Kiss the Girls]]'' (1997), ''[[Double Jeopardy]]'' (1999), ''[[Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood]]'' (2002), ''[[De-Lovely]]'' (2004), ''[[Bug (filamu ya 2006)|Bug]]'' (2006), na ''[[Dolphin Tale]]'' (2011). Judd pia amejulikana kwa kazi zake katika televisheni na kwa uanaharakati wa kijamii. [[File:Ashley Judd - 2014.jpg|thumb|left|Judd mwaka 2014]] Ashley Tyler Ciminella<ref name=judds/> alizaliwa 19 Aprili 1968 huko [[Granada Hills, Los Angeles]]. Wazazi wake ni [[Naomi Judd]], aliyekuwa mwimbaji na mhamasishaji, na Michael Charles Ciminella, mchambuzi wa masoko katika sekta ya mbio za farasi.<ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LH&s_site=kentucky&p_multi=LH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB741024EF9652F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM MICHAEL CIMINELLA, 83, JUDD GRANDFATHER, DIES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025015221/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=LH&s_site=kentucky&p_multi=LH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB741024EF9652F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |date=October 25, 2012 }}, Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) – May 9, 1997</ref><ref name=Newsvine>{{cite web |url= http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2011/04/04/6408786-ashley-judd-details-bitter-and-sweet-in-memoir |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120602072336/http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2011/04/04/6408786-ashley-judd-details-bitter-and-sweet-in-memoir |archive-date= June 2, 2012 |title=Ashley Judd details 'bitter and sweet' in memoir |publisher=Newsvine |date=April 4, 2011 |access-date=May 19, 2012}}</ref> Ndugu yake wa kambo, [[Wynonna Judd]], pia ni mwimbaji wa muziki wa country. <ref>{{cite web|title=Ashley Judd|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000171/|website=IMDb|access-date=Septemba 5, 2026}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1968}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] fbjop7043r3n7td4bcnx7uc8al91n0i 0 248556 1594647 2026-09-05T19:35:36Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Nils Bergman''' (alizaliwa 23 Machi 1955) ni mtaalamu wa Uswidi katika [[sayansi]] ya neva ya kipindi cha kabla, wakati na baada ya kuzaliwa, na mtetezi wa mgusano wa ngozi kwa ngozi kati ya mama na mtoto mchanga. Anajulikana pia kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa harakati ya Huduma ya Mama Kangaroo. == Usuli == Bergman alizaliwa nchini [[Uswidi]] lakini alikulia Zimbabwe. Baadaye alihamia Cape Town, Afrika Kusini, ambako alipata shahada ya udaktari katika...' 1594647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nils Bergman''' (alizaliwa 23 Machi 1955) ni mtaalamu wa Uswidi katika [[sayansi]] ya neva ya kipindi cha kabla, wakati na baada ya kuzaliwa, na mtetezi wa mgusano wa ngozi kwa ngozi kati ya mama na mtoto mchanga. Anajulikana pia kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa harakati ya Huduma ya Mama Kangaroo. == Usuli == Bergman alizaliwa nchini [[Uswidi]] lakini alikulia Zimbabwe. Baadaye alihamia Cape Town, Afrika Kusini, ambako alipata shahada ya udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town, na kufuatiwa na shahada ya uzamili ya Afya ya Umma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Western Cape. Pia alifanya tasnifu ya udaktari kuhusu kuumwa na nge. Katika miaka ya 1980, alirudi Zimbabwe akiwa daktari wa misheni na kuanza kutumia mbinu ambayo baadaye ilijulikana kama Huduma ya Mama Kangaroo kwa watoto waliozaliwa kabla ya wakati.<ref>[http://www.pressrepublican.com/news/finishing-touch-expert-promotes-skin-to-skin-contact-for-newborns/article_a8747d94-5e5e-59dc-85e1-525bb51b3e7a.html "Finishing touch: Expert promotes skin-to-skin contact for newborns"]. 28 October 2014.</ref> == Kazi == Akiwa Msimamizi wa Matibabu na Afisa wa Matibabu wa Wilaya katika hospitali ya misheni ya Manama, Bergman pamoja na mkunga Agneta Jurisoo walianza kutumia mgusano wa ngozi kwa ngozi kati ya mama na mtoto aliyezaliwa kabla ya wakati mara baada ya kuzaliwa. Alibaini kuwa njia hiyo iliongeza kwa kiasi kikubwa uwezekano wa watoto hao kuishi. Kwa watoto wenye [[uzito]] mdogo sana wa kuzaliwa, kati ya gramu 1,000 na 1,500, kiwango cha kuishi kiliongezeka kutoka asilimia 10 hadi asilimia 50. Hali hiyo ilipendekeza kwamba njia ya kuwatuliza watoto aliyoiita Huduma ya Mama Kangaroo ilikuwa bora kuliko matumizi ya mashine ya kuwaweka watoto wachanga katika mazingira maalumu ya joto. Mwaka 1995, Bergman alipeleka njia hiyo Afrika Kusini, na mwaka 2000 ikawa sera rasmi ya kuwahudumia watoto waliozaliwa kabla ya wakati katika hospitali za mkoa wa Western Cape. Bergman alichangia katika kutajwa na kuelezeka rasmi kwa Huduma ya Mama Kangaroo pamoja na watafiti wengine 30, na pia alichangia katika miongozo iliyofuata ya Shirika la Afya Duniani. Tangu mwaka 2006 amekuwa akifanya kazi kwa kujitegemea, akilenga kukuza na kufanya utafiti kuhusu matumizi ya mgusano wa ngozi kwa ngozi tangu kuzaliwa. Pia amekuwa akifanya utafiti kuhusu sayansi ya neva ya kuzaliwa, mgusano wa ngozi kwa ngozi, kunyonyesha, uhusiano kati ya mama na mtoto, na uhusiano salama wa kihisia. == Ushiriki wa kitaaluma == Bergman ndiye mwanzilishi wa Mtandao wa Kimataifa wa Huduma ya [[Mama]] Kangaroo. Pia amekuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya ushauri ya La Leche League, Afrika Kusini, Chama cha Unyonyeshaji cha Afrika Kusini, Chama cha Kimataifa cha Washauri wa Unyonyeshaji, na Milk Matters, benki ya maziwa ya binadamu ya Cape Town. Pia ni mdhamini wa Msingi wa Huduma ya Mama Kangaroo wa Afrika Kusini.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090317072953/http://www.ilca.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1 International Lactation Consultants Association] </ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} * [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] fp3lp2nfwqkabegyc9kx91218f7mgdu 0 248557 1594648 2026-09-05T19:40:01Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bothwell Anesu Mbuwayesango''' ni daktari bingwa wa [[upasuaji]] wa watoto kutoka Zimbabwe anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika matibabu na upasuaji wa watoto wenye hali ngumu. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa baada ya kuongoza kwa mafanikio timu iliyoundwa na wataalamu wote kutoka Zimbabwe katika kuwatenganisha mapacha walioungana mwaka 2014. Operesheni hiyo ilifanyika katika Hospitali ya Harare na ilidumu kwa takribani saa nane. Operesheni hiyo ilikuwa muhim...' 1594648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bothwell Anesu Mbuwayesango''' ni daktari bingwa wa [[upasuaji]] wa watoto kutoka Zimbabwe anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika matibabu na upasuaji wa watoto wenye hali ngumu. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa baada ya kuongoza kwa mafanikio timu iliyoundwa na wataalamu wote kutoka Zimbabwe katika kuwatenganisha mapacha walioungana mwaka 2014. Operesheni hiyo ilifanyika katika Hospitali ya Harare na ilidumu kwa takribani saa nane. Operesheni hiyo ilikuwa muhimu katika historia ya huduma za afya nchini Zimbabwe kwa sababu ilikuwa mara ya pili kwa madaktari nchini humo kufanikiwa kuwatenganisha mapacha walioungana. Mafanikio ya kwanza ya aina hiyo nchini Zimbabwe yalikuwa yamepatikana mwaka 1985.<ref>"[http://nehandaradio.com/2014/07/13/humble-doctors-made-history/ Nehanda Radio".] Retrieved 20 August 2014.</ref> Hivyo, operesheni iliyoongozwa na Mbuwayesango mwaka 2014 ilionyesha uwezo wa wataalamu wa Zimbabwe kufanya upasuaji mkubwa na wenye changamoto kwa kutumia utaalamu wa ndani. Mapacha hao walikuwa watoto wa kiume wenye umri wa miezi miwili. Walikuwa wameungana katika sehemu ya kifua na tumbo. Mojawapo ya changamoto kubwa katika operesheni hiyo ilikuwa kutenganisha ini, kwa kuwa ini linaweza kuvuja damu nyingi linapokatwa. Hali hiyo ilifanya upasuaji huo kuwa wa hatari na ulihitaji maandalizi makubwa pamoja na ushirikiano wa wataalamu mbalimbali wa afya. Mafanikio ya operesheni hiyo yalikuwa muhimu si kwa sababu ya kuwatenganisha watoto hao pekee, bali pia kwa kuonyesha uwezo wa timu ya wataalamu wa [[afya]] nchini Zimbabwe kushughulikia kesi ngumu za upasuaji wa watoto. Mbuwayesango alikuwa kiongozi wa timu hiyo na alishiriki katika juhudi za kuhakikisha utaratibu huo unafanyika kwa mafanikio. == Operesheni ya mwaka 2021 == Mwaka 2021, Mbuwayesango aliongoza [[operesheni]] nyingine iliyofanikiwa ya kuwatenganisha mapacha walioungana katika hospitali hiyo hiyo. Upasuaji huu ulikuwa mrefu zaidi na ulidumu kwa saa 18. Kama ilivyokuwa katika operesheni ya mwaka 2014, kutenganisha mapacha walioungana kulihitaji ushirikiano wa karibu kati ya wataalamu wa afya na maandalizi ya kina ya kitabibu. Operesheni hiyo ya mwaka 2021 iliendelea kuonyesha nafasi ya Mbuwayesango katika upasuaji wa watoto nchini Zimbabwe. Kuongoza operesheni mbili zilizofanikiwa za kuwatenganisha mapacha walioungana kulimfanya ajulikane kwa kazi yake katika eneo hili la upasuaji. == Ushiriki katika taaluma ya matibabu == Mbali na kazi yake kama daktari bingwa wa upasuaji wa watoto, Mbuwayesango amekuwa akishiriki katika shughuli za kitaaluma na kitaalamu. Aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Madaktari na Madaktari wa Meno la Zimbabwe, taasisi inayohusiana na usimamizi wa taaluma za udaktari na udaktari wa meno nchini [[Zimbabwe]]. Mbuwayesango pia amechangia katika machapisho ya kitaaluma katika fasihi ya matibabu. Kazi zake za kitaaluma zinaendana na masuala mbalimbali yanayohusu afya na upasuaji wa watoto. Ushiriki wake katika utafiti na machapisho unaonyesha kwamba shughuli zake hazikomei katika kufanya upasuaji pekee, bali pia zinahusisha maendeleo ya maarifa ya kitabibu. == Maslahi ya utafiti == Miongoni mwa maeneo ambayo Mbuwayesango amevutiwa nayo katika utafiti ni gastroskizisi, hali ya kuzaliwa ambapo sehemu ya utumbo hutokea nje ya tumbo kupitia uwazi katika ukuta wa tumbo. Hali hii huhitaji uangalizi maalumu wa kitabibu na mara nyingi huhusisha matibabu ya upasuaji. Eneo jingine la utafiti ni manjano yanayosababishwa na kuziba kwa njia ya nyongo. Hali hii inaweza kuathiri mfumo wa usagaji chakula na utendaji wa ini, hivyo kuhitaji uchunguzi na matibabu maalumu. Pia amekuwa na maslahi katika kujikunja kwa utumbo, hali ambayo sehemu moja ya utumbo huingia ndani ya sehemu nyingine. Hali hii inaweza kusababisha kuziba kwa utumbo na huhitaji matibabu ya haraka. Aidha, maslahi yake yanajumuisha upasuaji wenye ufikivu mdogo, ambao hutumia njia ndogo za kuingiza vifaa vya upasuaji badala ya kufanya chale kubwa. Eneo hili ni muhimu katika maendeleo ya mbinu za kisasa za upasuaji kwa watoto. Kwa ujumla, Bothwell Anesu Mbuwayesango anakumbukwa kwa mchango wake katika upasuaji wa watoto nchini Zimbabwe, hasa kwa kuongoza operesheni zilizofanikiwa za kuwatenganisha [[P|mapacha]] walioungana mwaka 2014 na 2021, pamoja na ushiriki wake katika taaluma, utafiti na machapisho ya kitabibu.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=mbuwayesango "PubMed".] Retrieved 20 August 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} * [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] hakm5v2pla9zwh9fiwrbhny0z927mkj 0 248558 1594649 2026-09-05T19:45:39Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tinashe Samuel Mutanga''' (alizaliwa 27 Januari 1993) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio fupi kutoka Zimbabwe anayebobea katika mbio za mita 100. Alijulikana zaidi kutokana na mafanikio yake katika mashindano ya vijana barani Afrika na katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya vijana. == Maisha ya michezo == Mutanga alianza kujitokeza katika mashindano ya riadha akiwa bado kijana. Alijikita zaidi katika mbio za mita 100 na mita 200, ambazo ni miongoni mwa mbio zinazoh...' 1594649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tinashe Samuel Mutanga''' (alizaliwa 27 Januari 1993) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio fupi kutoka Zimbabwe anayebobea katika mbio za mita 100. Alijulikana zaidi kutokana na mafanikio yake katika mashindano ya vijana barani Afrika na katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya vijana. == Maisha ya michezo == Mutanga alianza kujitokeza katika mashindano ya riadha akiwa bado kijana. Alijikita zaidi katika mbio za mita 100 na mita 200, ambazo ni miongoni mwa mbio zinazohitaji kasi kubwa na uwezo wa kuanza kwa nguvu. Uwezo wake katika mbio hizi ulimwezesha kuiwakilisha Zimbabwe katika mashindano ya vijana ya kimataifa. Mwaka 2010, Mutanga alishiriki katika Michezo ya Vijana ya Afrika, ambako alifanya vizuri katika mbio za mita 100 na mita 200. Alishinda nafasi ya kwanza katika matukio hayo mawili, jambo lililomfanya kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha vijana waliokuwa wakiahidiwa kutoka Zimbabwe.<ref>[http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/Sport/5853.html "Home".]</ref> Mafanikio hayo yalifuatiwa na ushiriki wake katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya vijana. Katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya Majira ya Joto ya 2010, iliyofanyika Singapore, Mutanga aliiwakilisha Zimbabwe katika mbio za mita 100 na mbio za kupokezana za mchanganyiko. Katika mbio za mita 100 za mashindano hayo, Mutanga alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita. Katika mbio za kupokezana za mchanganyiko, timu yake ilimaliza katika nafasi ya nne. Matokeo hayo yalionyesha uwezo wake wa kushindana katika kiwango cha kimataifa akiwa bado kijana. == Mashindano ya Vijana ya Afrika ya 2011 == Mwaka 2011, Mutanga alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Vijana ya Afrika yaliyofanyika Gaborone, Botswana. Alipata mafanikio makubwa katika mashindano hayo baada ya kushinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 100. Mbali na medali hiyo ya fedha katika mita 100, Mutanga pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 200. Hivyo, alifanikiwa kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili katika matukio yote mawili ya mbio za mtu mmoja. Alishiriki pia katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4×400, ambako timu ya Zimbabwe ilishinda medali ya fedha. Matokeo hayo yalimfanya Mutanga kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha walioiwakilisha [[Zimbabwe]] kwa mafanikio katika mashindano ya riadha ya vijana barani Afrika. Kupata medali tatu za fedha katika mashindano hayo kulikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio muhimu katika kipindi chake cha mwanzo cha riadha.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14416971 Tinashe Mutanga] at World Athletics Edit this at Wikidata</ref> == Rekodi binafsi == Katika mbio za mita 100, Mutanga ana [[rekodi]] binafsi ya sekunde 10.72, iliyowekwa Singapore mwaka 2010. Rekodi hiyo iliwekwa wakati wa kipindi chake cha mashindano ya vijana. Katika mbio za mita 200, ana rekodi binafsi ya sekunde 20.99, iliyowekwa Gaborone mwaka 2011. Rekodi hizo zinaonyesha uwezo wake katika mbio za kasi za mita 100 na mita 200. == Uwakilishi wa Zimbabwe == Mutanga aliwakilisha Zimbabwe katika mashindano mbalimbali ya vijana, ikiwa ni pamoja na mashindano ya Afrika na Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana. Ushiriki wake katika mashindano hayo ulimpa nafasi ya kushindana dhidi ya wanariadha vijana kutoka nchi mbalimbali. Mafanikio yake katika Michezo ya Vijana ya Afrika mwaka 2010, pamoja na medali tatu za fedha katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Vijana ya Afrika mwaka 2011, ni sehemu muhimu ya historia yake ya riadha. Katika kipindi hicho, alijulikana hasa kwa uwezo wake katika mbio za mita 100 na mita 200. Kwa ujumla, Tinashe Samuel Mutanga anakumbukwa kama mwanariadha kijana wa Zimbabwe aliyefanya vizuri katika [[mashindano]] ya riadha ya vijana. Ushindi wake katika Michezo ya Vijana ya Afrika, nafasi yake ya sita katika Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2010, pamoja na medali tatu za fedha alizoshinda mwaka 2011, vilikuwa miongoni mwa mafanikio yake makubwa katika riadha. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6qtz2177y7xnh9t6bfjnj48ght92ees 0 248559 1594650 2026-09-05T19:51:55Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sydney Sido Siame''' (alizaliwa 7 Oktoba 1997) ni mwanariadha wa mbio fupi kutoka [[Zambia]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211202000150/https://results.gc2018.com/en/athletics/athlete-profile-n6029172-sydney-siame.htm "2018 Commonwealth Games profile"]. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2018.</ref> Anajikita zaidi katika mbio za mita 100 na pia hushiriki mbio za mita 200. Ameiwakilisha Zambia katika mashindano mbali...' 1594650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sydney Sido Siame''' (alizaliwa 7 Oktoba 1997) ni mwanariadha wa mbio fupi kutoka [[Zambia]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211202000150/https://results.gc2018.com/en/athletics/athlete-profile-n6029172-sydney-siame.htm "2018 Commonwealth Games profile"]. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2018.</ref> Anajikita zaidi katika mbio za mita 100 na pia hushiriki mbio za mita 200. Ameiwakilisha Zambia katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kimataifa, kuanzia mashindano ya vijana hadi mashindano ya kiwango cha dunia. == Maisha ya riadha == Siame alijitokeza katika [[mashindano]] ya kimataifa akiwa kijana. Mwaka 2014, alishiriki katika Michezo ya Vijana ya Afrika iliyofanyika Gaborone, Botswana, na kushinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 100 baada ya kukimbia kwa muda wa sekunde 10.58. Mwaka huo huo, alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Vijana yaliyofanyika Eugene, Marekani. Katika mbio za mita 100, alifika hatua ya nusu fainali na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 16 kwa jumla, baada ya kutumia muda wa sekunde 10.68. Baadaye mwaka 2014, Siame alishiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya Majira ya [[Joto]] iliyofanyika Nanjing, China. Alifanya vizuri sana katika mbio za mita 100 na kushinda medali ya dhahabu baada ya kukimbia kwa muda wa sekunde 10.56. Ushindi huo ulikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio muhimu katika hatua za mwanzo za taaluma yake. == Mashindano ya kimataifa == Mwaka 2015, Siame alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Vijana ya Afrika yaliyofanyika Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu katika mbio za [[mita]] 100 kwa muda wa sekunde 10.77. Katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2015 yaliyofanyika Beijing, China, alishiriki katika mbio za mita 200. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya 45 katika hatua ya awali baada ya kutumia sekunde 21.08, hivyo hakufuzu kwenda hatua iliyofuata. Katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2015 iliyofanyika Brazzaville, Jamhuri ya Kongo, Siame alishiriki katika mbio za mita 100, mita 200 na mbio za kupokezana za mita 4×100. Katika mita 100 alimaliza wa sita katika hatua ya awali kwa [[sekunde]] 10.35. Katika mita 200 alimaliza wa saba kwa sekunde 21.21. Timu ya Zambia ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4×100 ilimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu katika hatua ya awali kwa muda wa sekunde 39.31, lakini baadaye iliondolewa katika fainali. Mwaka 2016, alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya Riadha huko Durban, Afrika Kusini. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mita 200 kwa muda wa sekunde 20.83. Katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4×100, timu ya Zambia ilimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwa muda wa sekunde 39.77. Mwaka 2017, Siame alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha yaliyofanyika London, Uingereza. Katika mita 200 alifikia hatua ya nusu fainali na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 12 kwa jumla, akitumia sekunde 20.54. Mwaka 2018, Siame alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ndani yaliyofanyika Birmingham, Uingereza. Alishiriki katika mbio za mita 60 na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 32 katika hatua ya awali kwa muda wa sekunde 6.88. Katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2018 iliyofanyika Gold Coast, Australia, alimaliza katika nafasi ya [[tano]] katika mbio za mita 200 baada ya kutumia sekunde 20.62. Katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya 2018 yaliyofanyika Asaba, Nigeria, alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita katika mita 200 kwa muda wa sekunde 20.79. Pia alishiriki katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4×400, ambapo timu ya Zambia ilimaliza katika nafasi ya nne kwa muda wa dakika 3:04.98. Mwaka 2019 ulikuwa miongoni mwa miaka muhimu katika taaluma ya Siame. Katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019 iliyofanyika Rabat, Morocco, alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za mita 200 kwa muda wa sekunde 20.35. Katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2019 yaliyofanyika Doha, Qatar, alishiriki katika mita 200 na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 28 katika hatua ya awali kwa muda wa sekunde 20.58.<ref>[http://www.times.co.zm/?p=96761 Siame’s 9.88s record scrapped.] Times of Zambia (16 July 2017). Retrieved 17 June 2018.</ref> == Michezo ya Olimpiki == Siame alishiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2020, iliyofanyika Tokyo mwaka 2021 baada ya kuahirishwa kutokana na janga la COVID-19. Alishiriki katika mbio za mita 200 na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 37 katika hatua ya awali kwa muda wa sekunde 21.01. Mwaka 2022, alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya Riadha yaliyofanyika Port Louis, Mauritius. Katika mita 100 alifika hatua ya nusu fainali na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 20 kwa jumla kwa muda wa sekunde 10.50. Katika mita 200 pia alifika nusu fainali na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 18 kwa muda wa sekunde 21.31. == Rekodi binafsi == Katika mbio za mita 100, rekodi bora ya Siame katika mashindano ya nje ni sekunde 10.06, aliyoiweka Šamorín mwaka 2018 kwa upepo wa mita 1.1 kwa sekunde. Katika mbio za mita 200, rekodi yake bora ni sekunde 20.16, aliyoiweka La Chaux-de-Fonds mwaka 2019 kwa upepo wa mita 1.5 kwa sekunde. Mwaka 2017, muda wa sekunde 9.88 ulirekodiwa katika [[mbio]] za mita 100 huko Lusaka, Zambia. Kama ungekubaliwa rasmi, ungekuwa mara ya kwanza kwa mwanariadha wa Zambia kuvuka kiwango cha sekunde 10 katika mita 100. Hata hivyo, muda huo haukuingizwa katika orodha rasmi za dunia kutokana na mashaka kuhusu usahihi wa mfumo wa kupima muda. Pia, uboreshaji wa sekunde 0.34 kutoka rekodi yake ya awali ulikuwa mkubwa sana kiasi cha kuzua mashaka kuhusu uhalali wa muda huo. Kwa ujumla, Sydney Sido Siame ni mmoja wa wanariadha mashuhuri wa mbio fupi kutoka Zambia. Ushindi wake wa [[medali]] ya dhahabu katika Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2014 na Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019, pamoja na ushiriki wake katika mashindano ya dunia na Olimpiki, ni miongoni mwa mafanikio muhimu katika taaluma yake ya riadha. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 87m3k7h15q6hyoi2056yk610y3w6iv7 0 248560 1594651 2026-09-05T19:52:38Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Seymour Schulich''' (alizaliwa [[6 Januari]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji, [[mwandishi]], na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Gt452Zv_0Y |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/5Gt452Zv_0Y |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Happy 50th Anniversary from Seymour Schulich|website=[[YouTube]] |date=May 24, 2016 |accessdate=19 June 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> == Was...' 1594651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seymour Schulich''' (alizaliwa [[6 Januari]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji, [[mwandishi]], na mhisani nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Gt452Zv_0Y |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/5Gt452Zv_0Y |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Happy 50th Anniversary from Seymour Schulich|website=[[YouTube]] |date=May 24, 2016 |accessdate=19 June 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> == Wasifu == Schulich alilelewa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha McGill na BSc mwaka 1961 na MBA kutoka Kitivo cha Usimamizi cha Desautels mwaka 1965. Alipata cheti cha Mchambuzi wa Fedha Aliyethibitishwa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Virginia mwaka 1969.<ref name=CJN>[http://www.cjnews.com/news/canada/jews-stop-whining-york-u-benefactor-says Canadian Jewish News: "Jews should stop 'whining' about York U, benefactor says" by Sheri Shefa] May 11, 2016</ref> Schulich ameomuoa Tanna na wanaishi Willowdale, kitongoji cha [[Toronto]]. Wana binti wawili na wajukuu wanne.<ref name=ca-un>{{cite web |url= http://www.canadian-universities.net/News/Press-Releases/September_30_2005_The_life_of_Seymour_Schulich_Biographical_notes.html |title=The life of Seymour Schulich: Biographical notes |publisher=canadian-universities.net |date=September 30, 2005 |accessdate=October 27, 2007}}</ref> == Kazi == Kazi ya kwanza ya Schulich ilikuwa Shell. Kuanzia 1968 hadi 1990, alifanya kazi katika Beutel, Goodman & Company, kampuni ya usimamizi wa mali ambayo inasimamia zaidi ya CAD bilioni 43 (kufikia 2023), akikua rais na naibu mwenyekiti. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r7guf7z1f3bvtyyunl382mby7p6mgco 0 248561 1594652 2026-09-05T19:58:22Z Castro255 89781 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kennedy Luchembe''' (alizaliwa 8 Julai 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio fupi kutoka Zambia. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya wanaume ya Zambia ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 iliyofika fainali katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2024.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/zambia/kennedy-luchembe-14789145 "Kennedy Luchembe".] World Athletics. Retrieved 10 August 2024.</ref> == Wasifu == Luchembe alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 400 k...' 1594652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kennedy Luchembe''' (alizaliwa 8 Julai 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio fupi kutoka Zambia. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya wanaume ya Zambia ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 iliyofika fainali katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2024.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/zambia/kennedy-luchembe-14789145 "Kennedy Luchembe".] World Athletics. Retrieved 10 August 2024.</ref> == Wasifu == Luchembe alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 400 kwenye Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya Majira ya 2018 iliyofanyika Buenos Aires. Mwaka 2019, alitunukiwa tuzo ya Mwanamichezo Bora Chipukizi wa Mwaka katika Tuzo za Michezo za Kikanda za Mwaka. Alikuwa mwanachama wa [[timu]] ya Zambia ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 iliyoshinda medali ya fedha katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya 2022 yaliyofanyika Port Louis, Mauritius. Katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2022 huko Birmingham, Uingereza, Luchembe alishiriki katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400. Timu ya Zambia ilifanikiwa kufuzu kutoka hatua ya awali hadi fainali na kumaliza katika nafasi ya tano kwa jumla. Luchembe pia alifikia hatua ya nusu fainali katika mbio binafsi za mita 400. Katika Michezo ya Afrika ya 2023, iliyofanyika Accra, Ghana baada ya kuahirishwa, Luchembe alishinda [[medali]] ya dhahabu akiwa sehemu ya timu ya Zambia ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400. Timu hiyo iliweka rekodi ya taifa kwa muda wa 2:59.12. Matokeo hayo yaliisaidia Zambia kupata nafasi ya kushiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2024 kupitia mfumo wa viwango. Mwaka 2024, Luchembe alishiriki katika Mashindano ya [[Dunia Tofauti|Dunia]] ya Mbio za Kupokezana yaliyofanyika Nassau, Bahamas, akiwa sehemu ya timu ya Zambia ya mita 4 × 400. Mwezi Juni 2024, alishinda medali ya shaba akiwa na timu ya Zambia ya mita 4 × 400 katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya Riadha yaliyofanyika Douala, Cameroon. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2024 huko Paris, Ufaransa, Luchembe alishiriki katika mbio za wanaume za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400. Timu ya Zambia ilifanikiwa kufuzu kwa fainali na kumaliza katika nafasi ya nane kwa jumla. Kufuzu kwa fainali hiyo kulikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio muhimu ya timu ya Zambia katika mashindano hayo. Mwezi Mei 2025, Luchembe alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Mbio za Kupokezana yaliyofanyika nchini China, katika mbio za wanaume za mita 4 × 400. Baadaye alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2025, ambako alishindana katika mbio za wanaume za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400. Mwezi Julai 2026, Luchembe alifikia hatua ya nusu fainali katika mbio za mita 400 kwenye Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2026 huko Glasgow, Scotland. Pia alishiriki katika mbio mchanganyiko za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 katika michezo hiyo. Luchembe ameendelea kuiwakilisha Zambia katika mashindano makubwa ya kimataifa, hasa katika mbio za mita 400 na mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7187518?eventId=10229988 "XXIII Commonwealth Games"]. World Athletics. 1 August 2026. Retrieved 2 August 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ljsjsb9c8zytd19jol7poyf4w3ve5ea 0 248562 1594655 2026-09-05T20:21:17Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:JabuMahlangu.jpg|thumb|Jabu Mahlangu]] '''Jabu Jeremiah Mahlangu''' (aliyezaliwa kwa jina Jabu Jeremiah Pule [[11 Julai]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]], aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. == Historia ya klabu == === Afrika Kusini === [[Klabu]] ya kwanza ya Pule ilikuwa [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]], ambapo [[mkataba]] wake ulisitishwa [[mwaka]] [[2003]] kutokana na mwenendo usio wa kitaalamu. Alianza kufanya majaribio katika SV Mattersburg nchini [[Austria]], lakini baada ya miezi minane, aliombwa kuondoka katika klabu hiyo baada ya kupata [[ajali]] ya [[gari]] akiwa chini ya ushawishi wa [[pombe]]. Baada ya kupelekwa mara mbili katika kliniki ya urekebishaji ili kukabiliana na matatizo yake ya unywaji pombe na matumizi ya [[dawa za kulevya]], Pule alifukuzwa na SuperSport United mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2005]] baada ya kukosa kuhudhuria mazoezi mara kadhaa. Baadaye alisajiliwa na Orlando Pirates na mwanzoni mwa mwaka [[2006]] alibadilisha jina lake la ukoo kuwa Mahlangu. === Uswidi === Pule aliondoka Afrika Kusini tarehe [[23 Juni]] [[2008]] kwenda kufanya majaribio katika klabu za [[Uswidi]] za Helsingborgs IF, IF Limhamn Bunkeflo, na Östers IF, baada ya kufanya mazoezi chini ya uongozi wa Farouk Khan katika akademi yake nchini Afrika Kusini. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Jabu alicheza [[mechi]] 20 kwa ajili ya [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini kuanzia mwaka [[2000]] hadi [[2004]], na alikuwa mshiriki katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] [[2002]] pamoja na Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 2000. Wakati timu hiyo ilipoondoka kuelekea Kombe la Dunia, Rais wa Afrika Kusini wakati huo, [[Thabo Mbeki]], alipokuwa akisalimiana na wachezaji na kuwatakia kila la heri, alimwambia: “Jabu, lazima uwe na tabia nzuri.” Hakuchaguliwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la 2010 lililofanyika nchini Afrika Kusini, kutokana na tabia yake.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100824061312/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pu/jabu-pule-1.html</ref><ref>https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf-intres2000.html</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/6160/Jabu_Mahlangu.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 2uuiu45ryxadztavk3squenavyusxxd 0 248563 1594656 2026-09-05T20:34:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mohed Altrad''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenyekiti wa raga na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Syria]], alizaliwa karibu Machi 1948. Baba yake alimtoa kwa babu na nyanya yake akiwa na umri wa miaka minne baada ya kifo cha mama yake. Mwaka 2015, Altrad alitajwa kuwa mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka Duniani wa Ernst & Young. Kufikia 2026, [[Forbes]] inakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 6.7.<ref name=forbes>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes....' 1594656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohed Altrad''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenyekiti wa raga na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Syria]], alizaliwa karibu Machi 1948. Baba yake alimtoa kwa babu na nyanya yake akiwa na umri wa miaka minne baada ya kifo cha mama yake. Mwaka 2015, Altrad alitajwa kuwa mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka Duniani wa Ernst & Young. Kufikia 2026, [[Forbes]] inakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 6.7.<ref name=forbes>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiasavchuk/2015/03/02/the-face-of-frances-future/ |title=From Bedouin To Billionaire: Meet The Man Changing What It Means To Be French After Charlie Hebdo |date=23 March 2015 |last=Savchuk |first=Katia |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=9 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite web|first=Peter |last=Day |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33068445 |title=Entrepreneur of the year: a Bedouin turned businessman |website=BBC |date=10 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Newsroom/News-releases/news-ey-mohed-altrad-of-altrad-group-from-france-named-ey-weoy-2015 |title=Mohed Altrad of Altrad Group from France named EY World Entrepreneur Of The Year 2015 |website=EY |date=7 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohed Altrad |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/mohed-altrad/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Syria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n3zubi98783wsig6lag4vr64g28nqim 1594687 1594656 2026-09-05T22:42:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohed Altrad''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mwenyekiti wa raga na [[mwandishi]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Syria]], alizaliwa karibu Machi 1948. Baba yake alimtoa kwa babu na nyanya yake akiwa na umri wa miaka minne baada ya kifo cha mama yake. Mwaka 2015, Altrad alitajwa kuwa mjasiriamali Bora wa Mwaka Duniani wa Ernst & Young. Kufikia 2026, [[Forbes]] inakadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 6.7.<ref name=forbes>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiasavchuk/2015/03/02/the-face-of-frances-future/ |title=From Bedouin To Billionaire: Meet The Man Changing What It Means To Be French After Charlie Hebdo |date=23 March 2015 |last=Savchuk |first=Katia |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=9 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite web|first=Peter |last=Day |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33068445 |title=Entrepreneur of the year: a Bedouin turned businessman |website=BBC |date=10 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Newsroom/News-releases/news-ey-mohed-altrad-of-altrad-group-from-france-named-ey-weoy-2015 |title=Mohed Altrad of Altrad Group from France named EY World Entrepreneur Of The Year 2015 |website=EY |date=7 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Mohed Altrad |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/mohed-altrad/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Syria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a0lotylvc4w2r4bimsnk2aubo5dnrw5 0 248564 1594657 2026-09-05T20:35:28Z MommyMJ 83423 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mekides Abebe Demewoz''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]] anayebobea katika mbio za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji. Alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mekides ABEBE {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/mekides-abebe-14804561|work=worldathletics.org...' 1594657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mekides Abebe Demewoz''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]] anayebobea katika mbio za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji. Alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mekides ABEBE {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/mekides-abebe-14804561|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019. Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za wanawake za mita 2000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye [[Michezo]] ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2018. Mekides Abebe alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Athletics ABEBE Mekides - Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1450589-abebe-mekides.htm|work=olympics.com|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-us}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] pd9q8xtb5osx78xkzsc2u5du684nbbo 1594659 1594657 2026-09-05T20:36:57Z MommyMJ 83423 1594659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mekides Abebe Demewoz''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]] anayebobea katika mbio za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji. Alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mekides ABEBE {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/mekides-abebe-14804561|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019. Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za wanawake za mita 2000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye [[Michezo]] ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2018. Mekides Abebe alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya [[maji]] kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Athletics ABEBE Mekides - Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1450589-abebe-mekides.htm|work=olympics.com|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-us}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] 0a8kdiafc5wdjhnunbu0qvbpd4bys4v 1594686 1594659 2026-09-05T22:29:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mekides Abebe Demewoz''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] kutoka [[Ethiopia]] anayebobea katika mbio za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji. Alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2019.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mekides ABEBE {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/mekides-abebe-14804561|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye Michezo ya Afrika ya 2019. Pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za wanawake za mita 2000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya maji kwenye [[Michezo]] ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2018. Mekides Abebe alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 3000 za kuruka viunzi na mitaro ya [[maji]] kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2020.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Athletics ABEBE Mekides - Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1450589-abebe-mekides.htm|work=olympics.com|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-us}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] a6cmn33l92a12hb3lslha0m4apzrzuj 0 248565 1594658 2026-09-05T20:36:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doctor Siyabonga Sangweni''' (aliyezaliwa [[29 Septemba]] [[1981]]), anayejulikana kama Siyabonga Sangweni, ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki. Aliwahi kuichezea klabu ya Orlando Pirates ya Premier Soccer League pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. Mdogo wake, Thamsanqa Sangweni, pia ni mchezaji wa soka na aliwahi kuichezea Orlando Pirates. == Historia ya klabu == === Golden Arrows === Nsimbi, kama anavyojulikana kwa umaarufu katika duru za soka, alisajiliwa na Abafana Bes'thende [[mwaka]] [[2005]] akitokea katika [[klabu]] ya Uthukela iliyokuwa ikishiriki SAFA Second Division. Aliichezea Arrows vizuri na akachangia klabu hiyo kutwaa [[taji]] lake kubwa la kwanza, ambalo lilikuwa MTN 8 mwaka [[2009]]. Alivutia klabu nyingi na hatimaye akasaini [[mkataba]] na Orlando Pirates mwaka [[2011]]. === Orlando Pirates === Sangweni alisaini mkataba na Orlando Pirates mwanzoni mwa msimu wa 2011/12. Alisifiwa kuwa miongoni mwa usajili bora wa msimu huo kutokana na uwezo wake wa ulinzi. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kawaida katika kikosi cha kwanza cha Bafana Bafana alipokuwa akiichezea Golden Arrows. Siyabonga alikuja kuwa mchezaji wa kawaida katika kikosi cha Orlando Pirates na akacheza [[mechi]] 28 za [[ligi]] katika msimu wake wa kwanza akiwa Pirates. Kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika kuisaidia Pirates kutwaa mataji matatu katika msimu huo, aliteuliwa kuwania [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu, ambayo hatimaye ilikwenda kwa kinara wa ufungaji wa ligi, Siyabonga Nomvethe wa Swallows. Alipata muda mwingi wa kucheza pamoja na Lucky Lekgwathi na Rooi Mahamutsa. Alipata jeraha lililomfanya akose karibu msimu mzima wa [[2013]]/14. == Mafanikio == Lamontville Golden Arrows * MTN 8: [[2009]] Orlando Pirates * MTN 8: 2011 * Telkom Knockout: 2011 * Nedbank Cup: 2013–14 * Premier Soccer League: 2011–12 * CAF Champions League: Mshindi wa pili, 2013 * CAF Confederation Cup: Mshindi wa pili, [[2015]] <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/22694/Siyabonga_Sangweni.html</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/siyabonga-sangweni/profil/spieler/112755</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/95867/siyabonga-sangweni</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/siyabonga-sangweni/100100</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} rmpiopzuixbi5k8vmv64luumaaouxgc 0 248566 1594660 2026-09-05T20:39:09Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gilberto Benetton''' ( [[19 Juni]] [[1941]] – [[22 Oktoba]] [[2018]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |title=Gilberto Benetton, 77, Dies; Expanded Family Clothing Company |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/obituaries/gilberto-benetton-dead.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=26 October 2018 |location=Rome |language=en}}</ref>) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mmoja wa wamiliki wa v...' 1594660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilberto Benetton''' ( [[19 Juni]] [[1941]] – [[22 Oktoba]] [[2018]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |title=Gilberto Benetton, 77, Dies; Expanded Family Clothing Company |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/obituaries/gilberto-benetton-dead.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=26 October 2018 |location=Rome |language=en}}</ref>) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mmoja wa wamiliki wa viwanda wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa [[Ulaya]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza wa Benetton Group, chapa ya mitindo ya Italia ambayo alianzisha na kuiendesha pamoja na ndugu zake watatu.<ref name="sanderson">{{cite news |last1=Sanderson |first1=Rachel |title=Gilberto Benetton, Italian industrialist, 1941-2018 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/81a24e28-d6d1-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8 |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=23 October 2018 |location=Milan |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2018, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Gilberto Benetton, na kila mmoja wa ndugu zake, kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.7<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Gilberto Benetton|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gilberto-benetton/|website=Forbes|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>. Mnamo Juni 2018, shirika la makampuni alilounda lilikuwa na mali za euro bilioni 12.1. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] 77efop6tx05vk8wqpkv9xmub6lhsemp 0 248567 1594661 2026-09-05T20:39:54Z MommyMJ 83423 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abersh Minsewo''' (alizaliwa mwaka 2001) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Aberash MINSEWO {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/aberash-minsewo-15110573|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref>ni mwanariadha wa mbio za masafa kutoka [[Ethiopia]]. Alishinda mbio za wanawake katika Mbio za [[Marathoni]] za Mumbai za 2024, ambazo zilikuwa mbio zake za kwanza za marathoni. Pia alishinda medali ya dhahabu kat...' 1594661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abersh Minsewo''' (alizaliwa mwaka 2001) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Aberash MINSEWO {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/aberash-minsewo-15110573|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref>ni mwanariadha wa mbio za masafa kutoka [[Ethiopia]]. Alishinda mbio za wanawake katika Mbio za [[Marathoni]] za Mumbai za 2024, ambazo zilikuwa mbio zake za kwanza za marathoni. Pia alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika [[mbio]] za mita 3000 kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Uchini ya Miaka 18 ya 2017, akimaliza kwa muda wa dakika 9 na sekunde 24.62.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emmaculate Chepkirui wins silver for Kenya at Kasarani|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/athletics/emmaculate-chepkirui-wins-silver-for-kenya-at-kasarani-423906|work=Daily Nation|date=2020-07-04|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] qm5f21h5rkq90au01babpas3aroao65 0 248568 1594662 2026-09-05T20:44:01Z MommyMJ 83423 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ibadulla Adam''' (alizaliwa 14 Januari 2002) ni mwanariadha wa mbio fupi kutoka Maldivi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibadulla ADAM {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/maldives/ibadulla-adam-14852443|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Alianza kushiriki katika riadha mwaka 2015 alipokuwa akisoma katika Kituo cha Elimu cha Atolli ya GDh. Katika mwaka huo, alishinda tuzo ya Mwanariadh...' 1594662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibadulla Adam''' (alizaliwa 14 Januari 2002) ni mwanariadha wa mbio fupi kutoka Maldivi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibadulla ADAM {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/maldives/ibadulla-adam-14852443|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Alianza kushiriki katika riadha mwaka 2015 alipokuwa akisoma katika Kituo cha Elimu cha Atolli ya GDh. Katika mwaka huo, alishinda tuzo ya Mwanariadha Bora katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Shule. Aliweka rekodi za kitaifa za vijana na chipukizi katika mbio za mita 100, na kuwa Mmaldivi wa kwanza wa ngazi ya chipukizi kukimbia chini ya sekunde 11. Katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Vijana ya Asia Kusini ya 2018, alishinda medali ya shaba katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 100. Pia alishiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2018 iliyofanyika Buenos Aires, pamoja na Michezo ya Bahari ya Hindi ya 2019. Adam alichaguliwa kuiwakilisha Maldivi katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Asia ya 2019 yaliyofanyika Doha, Qatar. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya wanaume ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 iliyomaliza katika nafasi ya tano kwa jumla. Baada ya kupona kutokana na jeraha lililomfanya ashindwe kushiriki mashindano, Adam alipewa nafasi ya kipekee ya kuiwakilisha Maldivi katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Paris ya 2024. Pia alipewa heshima ya kuwa mmoja wa wabeba bendera wa nchi yake katika hafla ya ufunguzi wa michezo hiyo. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Paris, Adam alishiriki katika mbio za wanaume za mita 100. Hata hivyo, hakufanikiwa kuvuka hatua ya awali ya mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Men's 100m Results - Paris Olympic Games 2024 Athletics {{!}} Watch Athletics|url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5834/men-s-100m-results-paris-olympic-games-2024-athletics|work=www.watchathletics.com|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t32kj95aupikp1rnety6xilxkb30unr 1594667 1594662 2026-09-05T21:17:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibadulla Adam''' (alizaliwa 14 Januari 2002) ni mwanariadha wa mbio fupi kutoka Maldivi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ibadulla ADAM {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/maldives/ibadulla-adam-14852443|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Alianza kushiriki katika riadha mwaka 2015 alipokuwa akisoma katika Kituo cha Elimu cha Atolli ya GDh. Katika mwaka huo, alishinda tuzo ya Mwanariadha Bora katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Shule. Aliweka rekodi za kitaifa za vijana na chipukizi katika mbio za mita 100, na kuwa Mmaldivi wa kwanza wa ngazi ya chipukizi kukimbia chini ya sekunde 11. Katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Vijana ya Asia Kusini ya 2018, alishinda medali ya shaba katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 100. Pia alishiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2018 iliyofanyika Buenos Aires, pamoja na Michezo ya Bahari ya Hindi ya 2019. Adam alichaguliwa kuiwakilisha Maldivi katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Asia ya 2019 yaliyofanyika Doha, Qatar. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya wanaume ya mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 iliyomaliza katika nafasi ya tano kwa jumla. Baada ya kupona kutokana na jeraha lililomfanya ashindwe kushiriki mashindano, Adam alipewa nafasi ya kipekee ya kuiwakilisha Maldivi katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Paris ya 2024. Pia alipewa heshima ya kuwa mmoja wa wabeba bendera wa nchi yake katika hafla ya ufunguzi wa michezo hiyo. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Paris, Adam alishiriki katika mbio za wanaume za mita 100. Hata hivyo, hakufanikiwa kuvuka hatua ya awali ya mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Men's 100m Results - Paris Olympic Games 2024 Athletics {{!}} Watch Athletics|url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5834/men-s-100m-results-paris-olympic-games-2024-athletics|work=www.watchathletics.com|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qqr080dmr5tpt8fskcadnrnjdv89qi5 0 248569 1594663 2026-09-05T20:47:23Z MommyMJ 83423 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charlotte Afriat''' (alizaliwa 17 Oktoba 2002) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Monaco anayeshiriki katika riadha, hasa mbio za kasi. Aliiwakilisha [[Monaco]] katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charlotte AFRIAT {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/monaco/charlotte-afriat-14818090|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Afriat aliiwakilisha Monaco katika Miche...' 1594663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlotte Afriat''' (alizaliwa 17 Oktoba 2002) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Monaco anayeshiriki katika riadha, hasa mbio za kasi. Aliiwakilisha [[Monaco]] katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charlotte AFRIAT {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/monaco/charlotte-afriat-14818090|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Afriat aliiwakilisha Monaco katika Michezo ya Mediterania ya 2018 iliyofanyika Tarragona, Hispania, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya 11 katika mbio za wanawake za mita 100. Mwaka huo huo, alishiriki pia katika mbio za wasichana za mita 100 kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya Majira ya 2018 iliyofanyika Buenos Aires, Argentina. Alikuwa mbeba bendera wa Monaco katika hafla ya ufunguzi wa michezo hiyo. Katika Michezo ya Nchi Ndogo za Ulaya ya 2019 iliyofanyika Budva, Montenegro, Afriat alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 100 na kumaliza katika nafasi ya mwisho kati ya washindani wanane. Pia alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 100 kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 2019 yaliyofanyika Doha, Qatar, lakini hakufuzu kwa hatua ya nusu fainali. Mwaka 2021, Afriat alishiriki katika mbio za wanawake za mita 100 kwenye Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya 2020 iliyofanyika Tokyo, Japan. Alikuwa mmoja wa wanamichezo sita wa Monaco katika ujumbe wa nchi hiyo na alikuwa mwanariadha pekee wa riadha kuiwakilisha Monaco katika michezo hiyo. Mwaka 2022, alishiriki katika mbio za mita 60 kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Ndani. Akiwa katika mchujo wa tano, alimaliza wa mwisho kwa muda wa sekunde 8.06. Afriat alifanyiwa upasuaji wa kidole tumbo na kuchukua muda wa mapumziko kutoka katika mashindano ya riadha. Alirejea kushindana katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Ndani ya 2024. Hata hivyo, hakufanikiwa kufuzu kushiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya 2024 iliyofanyika Paris, Ufaransa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Women's Sports Day: Monegasque athletes that make Monaco shine internationally|url=https://www.monaco-tribune.com/en/2025/01/international-womens-sports-day-monegasque-athletes-that-make-monaco-shine-internationally/|work=Monaco Tribune|date=2025-01-27|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-US|author=Anaïs Riu}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Mama yake, Virginie Gollino, pia aliwakilisha Monaco katika riadha. Gollino alishiriki katika [[mbio]] za mita 100 za kuruka vizuizi kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya 1997. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Monako]] 5w8ecdk7i5bzcl4k70jdkljz7kr4ils 0 248570 1594664 2026-09-05T20:48:50Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thabo Mooki''' anayejulikana kwa jina la utani la Tsiki-Tsiki (aliyezaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1974]] huko [[Soweto]], Gauteng), ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Alitumia muda wote wa [[taaluma]] yake ya soka katika [[klabu]] ya [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]] ya Premier Soccer League. Pia aliwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Historia ya klabu == Mooki alicheza karibu [[mechi]] 350 kwa Kaizer Chiefs katika kipindi cha [[miaka]] 15 cha taaluma yake. Akijulikana kwa jina la Tsiki-Tsiki, alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kitaalamu akiwa na Kaizer Chiefs mwaka [[1994]] chini ya kocha Philippe Troussier. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mooki alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kamili ya kimataifa katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Uholanzi]] tarehe [[4 Juni]] [[1997]]. Alipata kikomo cha mechi tatu za kimataifa na alifunga goli moja.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/13376/Thabo_Mooki.html</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/thabo-mooki/99845</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/thabo-mooki/profil/spieler/38459</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 7u9n16n9tnshglle1rgr7bjz4103zh0 0 248571 1594666 2026-09-05T21:07:41Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Elrio van Heerden (cropped).jpg|thumb|Elrio van Heerden]] '''Elrio van Heerden''' (aliyezaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1983]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Aliwahi kuichezea [[klabu]] mbalimbali zikiwemo Copenhagen, Club Brugge na Blackburn Rovers, pamoja na klabu nyingine. Pia alikuwa mchezaji muhimu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini, ambayo aliwakilisha kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[2004]] hadi [[2009]]. == Taaluma ya klabu == Van Heerden alianza [[taaluma]] yake ya soka katika klabu ya Glenville Celtic na mwaka [[1998]] alihamia Shule ya Soccer of Excellence, iliyokuwa sehemu ya Chuo cha Nelson Mandela Metropolitan. === FC Copenhagen === Van Heerden alikwenda [[Denmark]] na kujiunga na FC Copenhagen mwaka [[2002]], ambako alitumia miaka yake miwili ya kwanza kujifunza kutoka kwa wachezaji wenye umri mkubwa. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza mwaka [[2004]] dhidi ya AaB katika Uwanja wa Parken, na mchezaji huyo mdogo kutoka Afrika Kusini aliandika [[historia]] mara moja kwa kufunga bao la kusawazisha muda mfupi kabla ya filimbi ya mwisho. Bao hilo liliifanya Copenhagen iweze kutwaa ubingwa katika raundi iliyofuata, ambayo pia ilikuwa raundi ya mwisho, dhidi ya FC Nordsjælland katika Farum Park. Copenhagen ilifanikiwa kutwaa ubingwa huo baada ya kushinda kwa mabao 4–2. === Club Brugge === Uhamisho wake kwenda Club Brugge ulikamilika tarehe [[24 Januari]] [[2006]], ambapo Van Heerden alitumia miaka miwili katika klabu hiyo ya [[Ubelgiji]] na kufunga mabao mawili katika mechi 67 alizoicheza. === Blackburn Rovers === Ilitangazwa tarehe 2 Juni [[2009]] kwamba Van Heerden alikuwa amekubaliana [[mkataba]] wa miaka miwili na klabu ya Blackburn Rovers ya Premier League, akijiunga nayo kwa uhamisho wa bure kutoka Club Brugge. Aliichezea klabu hiyo katika mechi mbili pekee rasmi; dhidi ya Gillingham katika raundi ya pili ya League Cup, na dhidi ya [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] katika robo fainali, ambapo katika mechi zote mbili aliingia kama mchezaji wa akiba katika kipindi cha pili. Tarehe 8 Januari [[2010]], iliripotiwa kwamba Elrio alikuwa karibu kusaini mkataba na klabu ya [[Uturuki]] Sivasspor. Goal.com ilifichua kwamba Elrio alitarajiwa kusafiri kwenda Uturuki kwa ajili ya vipimo vya afya kabla ya kusaini mkataba Jumatatu tarehe 11 Januari 2010. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Van Heerden alicheza mechi 37 za kimataifa kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini, na alifunga mabao matatu. Aliiwakilisha ''[[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Afrika Kusini|Bafana Bafana]]'' katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika|Kombe la Mataifa]] ya Afrika [[2006]] nchini [[Misri]], Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2008 nchini [[Ghana]], na Kombe la Shirikisho la [[FIFA]] 2009 nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111007020700/http://www.rovers.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10303~1678490%2C00.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100804150340/http://www.kvcwesterlo.be/nieuws/1336-elrio-van-heerden-alleen-nog-medische-testen</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/elrio-van-heerden/profil/spieler/14920</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/elrio-van-heerden/33747</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} o95ckdwzz1a0joltgh00ihqgkvqfw9u 0 248572 1594668 2026-09-05T21:17:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benson Mhlongo''' (aliyezaliwa [[9 Novemba]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki na kiungo. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2008]]. Wakati wa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] [[2026]], Mhlongo alifanya kazi kama mchambuzi wa [[soka]] na kuvutia umakini wa [[vyombo vya habari]] kutokana na ukosoaji wake mkali dhidi ya wachezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini. Baada ya ''[[Bafana Bafana]]'' kutoka sare ya 1–1 dhidi ya [[Jamhuri ya Czech]] katika hatua ya makundi, alitilia shaka hadharani kujituma na kiwango cha juhudi cha kiungo Teboho Mokoena, akisema kuwa mchezaji huyo alikuwa akicheza kwa nusu ya uwezo wake licha ya kufunga [[penalti]] ya kusawazisha. == Kazi ya ukocha == Baada ya kustaafu soka mwaka [[2016]], alijiunga na kikosi cha ufundi cha Orlando Pirates kabla ya kuwa [[kocha]] mkuu wa TS Sporting. == Maisha binafsi == Mhlongo alikuwa amemuoa Pretty Mhlongo. Alifariki mwezi Mei [[2023]]. <ref>https://footy-africa.com/a-little-cocky-ex-orlando-pirates-star-demands-more-from-mokoena-after-czech-draw/</ref><ref>https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/why-benson-mhlongo-s-coaching-career-is-on-hold</ref><ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/breaking-orlando-pirates-benson-mhlongo-mourning-wife-death-icu-28-may-2023/</ref><ref>http://national-football-teams.com/player/6175/Benson_Mhlongo.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} mw3b6fmm35u6f7d4215lxyrubk11d23 0 248573 1594670 2026-09-05T21:27:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Talal Abu-Ghazaleh''' (alizaliwa [[22 Aprili]] [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], [[mjasiriamali]], na mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization (TAG-Org), kampuni ya kimataifa yenye makao yake makuu [[Yordani]]. Ametambuliwa kwa jukumu lake katika kukuza haki za miliki katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2014 |title=Talal Abu-Ghazaleh, the 'Godfather of Arab accounting' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/2014111...' 1594670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talal Abu-Ghazaleh''' (alizaliwa [[22 Aprili]] [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], [[mjasiriamali]], na mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization (TAG-Org), kampuni ya kimataifa yenye makao yake makuu [[Yordani]]. Ametambuliwa kwa jukumu lake katika kukuza haki za miliki katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2014 |title=Talal Abu-Ghazaleh, the 'Godfather of Arab accounting' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20141113-business-interview-talal-abu-gazaleh-arab-godfather-accounting |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=france24.com}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Abu-Ghazaleh alizaliwa tarehe 22 Aprili 1938 huko Jaffa, Palestina. Baba yake alikuwa mfanyabiashara anayeshughulika na makampuni ya mafuta, na mama yake alikuwa wa asili ya [[Syria]] kutoka [[Damascus]]. Familia ilikimbia au kufukuzwa hadi [[Lebanoni]] kufuatia Vita ya waarabu-Israel ya 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2013 |title=From Palestine refugee to achiever |url=https://gulfnews.com/lifestyle/from-palestine-refugee-to-achiever-1.1271058 |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> == Elimu na Kazi == Abu-Ghazaleh alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Amerika cha [[Beirut]], ambako alianza kazi yake kama mwalimu na mfasiri akiwa bado mwanafunzi. Alipata Shahada yake ya Sayansi katika Usimamizi wa Biashara mwaka 1960. Abu-Ghazaleh baadaye alipokea udaktari wa heshima kutoka taasisi mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abu-Ghazaleh |first=Talal |url=https://www.talalabughazaleh.com/data/Books/BlanketsBecomeJacketsEnApril2018.pdf |title=Blankets Become Jackets: Selected Stories of A Life Blessed by Suffering |date=2018 |publisher=Talal Abu-Ghazaleh |isbn=978-9957-559-14-4 |edition=Second}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Yordani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Yordani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Palestina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tp6b4phzmf5cjne7d3jjjukbm2xy4ll 1594691 1594670 2026-09-06T00:01:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talal Abu-Ghazaleh''' (alizaliwa [[22 Aprili]] [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], [[mjasiriamali]], na mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization (TAG-Org), kampuni ya kimataifa yenye makao yake makuu [[Yordani]]. Ametambuliwa kwa jukumu lake katika kukuza haki za miliki katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2014 |title=Talal Abu-Ghazaleh, the 'Godfather of Arab accounting' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20141113-business-interview-talal-abu-gazaleh-arab-godfather-accounting |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=france24.com}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Abu-Ghazaleh alizaliwa tarehe 22 Aprili 1938 huko Jaffa, Palestina. Baba yake alikuwa mfanyabiashara anayeshughulika na makampuni ya mafuta, na mama yake alikuwa wa asili ya [[Syria]] kutoka [[Damascus]]. Familia ilikimbia au kufukuzwa hadi [[Lebanoni]] kufuatia Vita ya waarabu-Israel ya 1948.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=26 December 2013 |title=From Palestine refugee to achiever |url=https://gulfnews.com/lifestyle/from-palestine-refugee-to-achiever-1.1271058 |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> == Elimu na Kazi == Abu-Ghazaleh alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Amerika cha [[Beirut]], ambako alianza kazi yake kama mwalimu na mfasiri akiwa bado mwanafunzi. Alipata Shahada yake ya Sayansi katika Usimamizi wa Biashara mwaka 1960. Abu-Ghazaleh baadaye alipokea udaktari wa heshima kutoka taasisi mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abu-Ghazaleh |first=Talal |url=https://www.talalabughazaleh.com/data/Books/BlanketsBecomeJacketsEnApril2018.pdf |title=Blankets Become Jackets: Selected Stories of A Life Blessed by Suffering |date=2018 |publisher=Talal Abu-Ghazaleh |isbn=978-9957-559-14-4 |edition=Second}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Yordani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Yordani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Palestina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 70ho80oauzywqk2okri6n2zce09mj89 0 248574 1594671 2026-09-05T21:32:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:MHFC-Peter-Mesilala.jpg|thumb|Peter Mesilala]] '''Peter Tsepo Masilela''' (aliyezaliwa [[5 Mei]] [[1985]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki wa kushoto. == Mwanzo wa maisha ya soka == Masilela alianza kucheza soka la ridhaa katika timu ya [[eneo]] lake, Manchester, na baadaye katika Disco Makua Academy, iliyoendeshwa na aliyekuwa mchezaji wa Witbank Aces, Steve Makua. Steve Makua ni baba wa Frank Makua, ambaye aliichezea [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]]. Baadaye alihamia katika klabu ya Sonas Mpumalanga, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Vodacom League. == Kazi ya klabu == Kupanda kwake kwa kasi kulimfanya Masilela acheze [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kamili ya kimataifa kabla hata ya kufanya mechi yake ya kwanza katika Premier Soccer League. Vivyo hivyo, baada ya kutumia msimu mmoja pekee katika soka la daraja la juu nchini kwake, alihamia katika klabu ya [[Israel]] ya Maccabi Haifa. === Maccabi Haifa === Masilela alisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka minne na Maccabi Haifa tarehe [[31 Agosti]] [[2007]]. Alikuwa sehemu muhimu ya Maccabi Haifa kutwaa ubingwa wa Israel na kufuzu kwa [[UEFA]] Champions League. Katika msimu wa [[2009]]–10, Masilela alitoa pasi 13 za mabao na kufunga bao moja. Juni 2011, aliongeza mkataba wake kwa miaka miwili zaidi. === Getafe === Tarehe [[20 Agosti]] [[2011]], Masilela alijiunga na klabu ya [[Hispania]] ya Getafe ya La Liga kwa mkopo wa msimu mmoja kutoka Maccabi Haifa. Alirejea Maccabi Haifa baada ya kumalizika kwa kipindi chake cha mkopo Getafe. === Kaizer Chiefs === Masilela alirejea Afrika Kusini baada ya miaka mitano akiwa nje ya nchi na kusaini mkataba na Kaizer Chiefs katikati ya mwaka [[2012]]. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza mwezi Novemba 2012 katika ushindi wa mabao 3–2 dhidi ya Moroka Swallows. == Maisha binafsi == [[Baba]] yake, Eric Maela, ni nguli wa Witbank Aces, ambapo alicheza pamoja na wachezaji kama Lawrence Siyangaphi, Harris Chueu, Steve Makua na Thomas Ngobe, ambaye ni baba wa Dumisa Ngobe. Ana ndugu wa kambo wa upande wa baba aitwaye Innocent Maela. == Mafanikio == Maccabi Haifa * Israeli Premier League: 2008–09, [[2010]]–11 * Toto Cup: 2007–08 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12987/Tsepo_Masilela.html</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/tsepo-masilela/profil/spieler/63287</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/tsepo-masilela/54436</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/19961/tsepo-masilela</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} meyyns7l4dwzm6wwxz0v9dn3ozcz9q2 0 248575 1594672 2026-09-05T21:33:08Z Magotech 35622 Makala Mpya 1594672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">Anna Potinus, [https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586 "Rais Samia afanya uteuzi"], ''Mwananchi'', 17 Agosti 2021. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">[https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama "Prof. Ole Gabriel amkabidhi ofisi Dkt. John Jingu, Katibu mpya wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama"], Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama, 22 Juni 2026. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">Mary Gwera, [http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html "Jaji Mkuu amuapisha Profesa Elisante kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Mahakama"], Mahakama ya Tanzania, 10 Septemba 2021. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo) katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">[https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua "Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA"], Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo, Aprili 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">Elisante ole Gabriel, [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis"], ''African Journal of Finance and Management'' 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59, doi:10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296.</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">Elisante ole Gabriel, [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM"], ''African Journal of Finance and Management'' 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79, doi:10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401.</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200. [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014 "Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space"], ''The Citizen'', 3 Aprili 2025. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">Lydia Churi, [https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel "Wekezeni kwenye wataalamu na miundombinu ya TEHAMA: Prof. Ole Gabriel"], Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama, 18 Februari 2026. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">Renatha Msungu, [https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143 "Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR"], ''Nipashe'' (IPP Media), 22 Juni 2026. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references><ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> <ref name="judiciary-blog" /> <ref name="fao-rvf" /> <ref name="sua-2019" /> <ref name="tlmp" /> <ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> <ref name="nipashe-2026" /> <ref name="citizen-2025" /> <ref name="jsc-tehama" /> <ref name="ajol-2002" /> <ref name="ajol-2005" /> <ref name="jsr-2008" /></references> {{mbegu-mtu}} 7h9gqwpec8wz2wyagrbfdpjqovg51hc 1594673 1594672 2026-09-05T21:34:07Z Magotech 35622 1594673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">[https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama "Prof. Ole Gabriel amkabidhi ofisi Dkt. John Jingu, Katibu mpya wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama"], Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama, 22 Juni 2026. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">Mary Gwera, [http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html "Jaji Mkuu amuapisha Profesa Elisante kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Mahakama"], Mahakama ya Tanzania, 10 Septemba 2021. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo) katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">[https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua "Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA"], Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo, Aprili 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">Elisante ole Gabriel, [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis"], ''African Journal of Finance and Management'' 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59, doi:10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296.</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">Elisante ole Gabriel, [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM"], ''African Journal of Finance and Management'' 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79, doi:10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401.</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200. [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014 "Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space"], ''The Citizen'', 3 Aprili 2025. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">Lydia Churi, [https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel "Wekezeni kwenye wataalamu na miundombinu ya TEHAMA: Prof. Ole Gabriel"], Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama, 18 Februari 2026. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">Renatha Msungu, [https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143 "Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR"], ''Nipashe'' (IPP Media), 22 Juni 2026. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026.</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references><ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> <ref name="judiciary-blog" /> <ref name="fao-rvf" /> <ref name="sua-2019" /> <ref name="tlmp" /> <ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> <ref name="nipashe-2026" /> <ref name="citizen-2025" /> <ref name="jsc-tehama" /> <ref name="ajol-2002" /> <ref name="ajol-2005" /> <ref name="jsr-2008" /></references> {{mbegu-mtu}} kvcjvpi7r8e718sqt6tgazuph32u5de 1594674 1594673 2026-09-05T21:38:41Z Magotech 35622 1594674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Cite web|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo) katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Cite web|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Cite web|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Cite web|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references><ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> <ref name="judiciary-blog" /> <ref name="fao-rvf" /> <ref name="sua-2019" /> <ref name="tlmp" /> <ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> <ref name="nipashe-2026" /> <ref name="citizen-2025" /> <ref name="jsc-tehama" /> <ref name="ajol-2002" /> <ref name="ajol-2005" /> <ref name="jsr-2008" /></references> {{mbegu-mtu}} qrf66isc2n90u15cp5u57229pio38ba 1594675 1594674 2026-09-05T21:39:04Z Magotech 35622 1594675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Cite web|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo) katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Cite web|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Cite web|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Cite web|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == {{mbegu-mtu}} qf363kszei5m3jci1ygnwzbbrvt32b9 1594676 1594675 2026-09-05T21:39:26Z Magotech 35622 /* Marejeo */ 1594676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma wa [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Cite web|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo) katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Cite web|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Cite web|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Cite web|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references />{{mbegu-mtu}} i7wfcad1jozwftazuwqzxtsahax3bye 1594680 1594676 2026-09-05T22:06:20Z Magotech 35622 1594680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Cite web|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo) katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Cite web|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Cite web|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Cite web|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references />{{mbegu-mtu}} 0fyzv3mx7la92odrgcuhbslxxl4d7ev 1594688 1594680 2026-09-05T22:46:27Z Magotech 35622 1594688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Cite web|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Cite web|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Cite web|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Cite web|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references />{{mbegu-mtu}} c9f6jovga3ixqiffxfhpi79rzxvdgtw 1594689 1594688 2026-09-05T22:53:39Z Magotech 35622 1594689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Elisante Ole Gabriel|office=Mtendaji Mkuu wa [[Mahakama ya Tanzania]]|term_start=17 Agosti 2021|term_end=22 Juni 2026|president=[[Samia Suluhu Hassan]]|predecessor=Mathias Kabunduguru|successor=John Antony Jingu|office2=Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama|term_start2=10 Septemba 2021|term_end2=22 Juni 2026|office3=Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo), Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi|term3=kufikia Agosti 2018 – Agosti 2021|nationality=Mtanzania}}'''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Cite web|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Cite web|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Cite journal |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Cite web|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Cite web|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references />{{mbegu-mtu}} jfntym3ypahtycpi8akeghu2u42wvda 1594695 1594689 2026-09-06T04:37:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 9 template(s) replaced. 1594695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Elisante Ole Gabriel|office=Mtendaji Mkuu wa [[Mahakama ya Tanzania]]|term_start=17 Agosti 2021|term_end=22 Juni 2026|president=[[Samia Suluhu Hassan]]|predecessor=Mathias Kabunduguru|successor=John Antony Jingu|office2=Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama|term_start2=10 Septemba 2021|term_end2=22 Juni 2026|office3=Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo), Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi|term3=kufikia Agosti 2018 – Agosti 2021|nationality=Mtanzania}}'''Elisante Ole Gabriel''' alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kuanzia Agosti 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rais Samia afanya uteuzi|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-afanya-uteuzi-3514586|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-08-17|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Rejea tovuti|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kuanzia Septemba 2021 hadi Juni 2026 alikuwa pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="judiciary-blog">{{Rejea tovuti|title=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA: JAJI MKUU AMUAPISHA PROFESA ELISANTE KUWA KATIBU WA TUME YA MAHAKAMA|url=http://tanzaniajudiciary.blogspot.com/2021/09/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-profesa-elisante.html|work=JUDICIARY OF TANZANIA|date=Ijumaa, 10 Septemba 2021|accessdate=2026-09-05|author=Judiciary Of Tanzania}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu katika Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /><ref name="sua-2019">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Permanent Secretary for Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Visits SUA|url=https://www.sua.ac.tz/news/permanent-secretary-ministry-livestock-and-fisheries-visits-sua|work=Sokoine University of Agriculture|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="fao-rvf">[https://rr-africa.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/08/east-africa-sets-out-regional-plan-to-fight-rift-valley-fever-_-fao-in-emergencies.pdf "East Africa sets out regional plan to fight Rift Valley fever"], FAO, 10 Septemba 2018. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Amechapisha makala za kitaaluma kuhusu mikakati ya uuzaji na mnyororo wa thamani katika elimu ya juu.<ref name="ajol-2002">{{Rejea jarida |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2002 |title=Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24296 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=49–59 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v11i1.24296 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="ajol-2005">{{Rejea jarida |last=Gabriel |first=Elisante ole |date=2005 |title=Assessment of value co-creatiotion and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajfm/article/view/24401 |journal=African Journal of Finance and Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=60–79 |doi=10.4314/ajfm.v13i2.24401 |issn=0856-6372}}</ref><ref name="jsr-2008">Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', Februari 2008, kur. 183–200 [https://search.proquest.com/openview/d5e8c475681650dade7de583b05a260f/1 ProQuest].</ref> == Kazi == === Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi === Kufikia Agosti 2018, Gabriel alikuwa Katibu Mkuu (Mifugo). Akizungumza wakati wa ufunguzi wa mkutano wa ngazi ya juu uliofanyika Tanzania tarehe 28–30 Agosti 2018, alizungumzia homa ya Bonde la Ufa. Mkutano huo uliwakutanisha wataalamu wa afya ya wanyama na afya ya umma kutoka nchi 11.<ref name="fao-rvf" /> Mnamo 23 Aprili 2019 alitembelea [[Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo (SUA)|Chuo Kikuu cha Sokoine cha Kilimo]] kama Katibu Mkuu wa sekta ya mifugo.<ref name="sua-2019" /> Mpango Mkuu wa Mifugo wa Tanzania (2017/2018–2021/2022) unamtaja kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya na Uvuvi Mifugo.<ref name="tlmp">Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi, [https://afchub.org/documents/1596027938TANZANIA%20LIVESTOCK%20MASTER%20PLAN.pdf ''Tanzania Livestock Master Plan (2017/2018 – 2021/2022)''], Desemba 2017; dibaji ya Waziri Luhaga Joelson Mpina, Machi 2019. Ilitembelewa 6 Septemba 2026</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2021, wakati wa kuteuliwa kwenye Mahakama, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi.<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 17 Agosti 2021, Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Mathias Kabunduguru aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu iliyotolewa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Jaffar Haniu, ilisema angeapishwa tarehe 21 Agosti 2021 Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 10 Septemba 2021, [[Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania|Jaji Mkuu]] [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama. Hafla ya kuapishwa kwake ilifanyika katika Ofisi ndogo za Bunge jijini Dar es Salaam, kwa mujibu wa Sheria ya Uendeshaji wa Mahakama Na. 4 ya mwaka 2011, kifungu cha 16(ii).<ref name="judiciary-blog" /> Mnamo Aprili 2025, kama Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama, alizungumza na waandishi wa habari kuhusu ufunguzi wa makao makuu mapya ya Mahakama jijini [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2025">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Samia to inaugurate Tanzania’s new judiciary headquarters that contains helicopter landing space|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/samia-to-inaugurate-tanzania-s-new-judiciary-headquarters-that-contains-helicopter-landing-space-4989014|work=The Citizen|date=2025-04-03|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo 18 Februari 2026 alitoa mada kuhusu mifumo ya kielektroniki katika Mkutano wa Sita wa Mwaka wa Serikali Mtandao jijini Arusha.<ref name="jsc-tehama">{{Rejea tovuti|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/wekezeni-kwenye-wataalamu-na-miundombinu-ya-tehama-prof-ole-gabriel|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026 alikabidhi ofisi kwa [[John Antony Jingu]] baada ya kustaafu kazi kwa mujibu wa sheria.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /> Gazeti la ''Nipashe'' lilimnukuu akisema alitumikia taifa tangu mwaka 1991 katika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi.<ref name="nipashe-2026">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profesa Elisante atamani kuona Mahakama ndani ya SGR {{!}} Nipashe|url=https://www.ippmedia.co.tz/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/profesa-elisante-atamani-kuona-mahakama-ndani-ya-sgr-2026-06-22-175143|work=www.ippmedia.co.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> == Machapisho == * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Export marketing strategies: A global communication emphasis", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 11 (1), 2002, kur. 49–59.<ref name="ajol-2002" /> * Elisante ole Gabriel, "Assessment of value co-creation and delivery systems in Tanzania's higher education sector: the case of CBE, DSA/TIA & IFM", ''African Journal of Finance and Management'', 13 (2), 2005, kur. 60–79.<ref name="ajol-2005" /> * Urvashi Makkar, Elisante ole Gabriel na S. K. Tripathi, "Value Chain for Higher Education Sector: Case Studies of India and Tanzania", ''Journal of Services Research'', toleo maalum, Februari 2008, kur. 183–200.<ref name="jsr-2008" /> == Marejeo == <references />{{mbegu-mtu}} gw7g699wnlhmwsjwsyvd279dvsa2ft3 0 248576 1594677 2026-09-05T21:44:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Tinkler''' (aliyezaliwa [[30 Julai]] [[1970]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye ni kocha mkuu wa klabu ya Asante Kotoko inayoshiriki [[Ghana]] Premier League. == Maisha ya awali na binafsi == Tinkler alizaliwa huko Roodepoort. == Taaluma ya klabu == Tinkler alicheza soka la klabu katika Wits University, União de Tomar, Vitória, Cagliari, Barnsley, Caldas na Bidvest Wits. Tinkler alihama kutoka klabu ya [[Italia]] ya Cagliari kwenda klabu ya [[England]] ya Barnsley tarehe [[1 Julai]] [[1997]] kwa ada ya uhamisho ya pauni 650,000. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tinkler alicheza [[mechi]] 45 za kimataifa kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini kati ya [[mwaka]] [[1994]] na [[2002]], akifunga bao moja. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kilichotwaa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[1996]], ambapo alicheza katika mchezo wa [[fainali]]. == Taaluma ya ukocha == Tinkler aliteuliwa kuwa [[kocha]] mkuu wa Orlando Pirates mwezi [[Desemba]] [[2013]]; mwezi Mei [[2015]], ilitangazwa kuwa angeendelea katika nafasi hiyo kwa msimu wa 2015–16. Tinkler aliondoka Orlando Pirates na kuwa kocha mkuu wa kwanza wa klabu ya Cape Town City tarehe 17 Juni [[2016]]. Tarehe 8 Juni 2017, aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa SuperSport United. Alijiuzulu mwezi Machi 2018. Baada ya kipindi chake katika Chippa United, aliteuliwa kuwa [[meneja]] wa Maritzburg United mwezi Januari [[2019]]. Aliondoka katika klabu hiyo mwezi Novemba 2020. Alirejea kuwa meneja wa Cape Town City tarehe 24 Mei 2021. Tarehe 31 Desemba [[2024]], Tinkler aliondoka katika klabu hiyo. Alijiunga na Sekhukhune United mwezi Machi 2025. Alipigiwa kura kuwa kocha bora wa mwezi Agosti 2025 katika South African Premiership. Aliondoka katika klabu hiyo mwezi Aprili 2026 kwa makubaliano ya pande zote. Tarehe [[17 Julai]] [[2026]], Tinkler aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa klabu ya Asante Kotoko inayoshiriki Ghana Premier League. == Mafanikio == Cape Town City * Fainali ya Telkom Knockout SuperSport United * Fainali ya MTN 8 Cup Binafsi * Kocha Bora wa Mwezi wa South African Premiership: Agosti 2025 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/6933/Eric_Tinkler.html</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-tinkler-joins-the-barnsley-party-1248611.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170122154647/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2015/05/18/Tinkler-confirmed-as-Pirates-coach-for-next-season1</ref><ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2017-10-15-tinkler-says-no-time-to-celebrate-mtn8-success-as-they-turn-attention-to-caf-confed-cup/</ref><ref>https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/psl/sa-players-abroad/eric-tinkler-appointed-head-coach-at-asante-kotoko</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} bv09vj1lwkuljeyxl8l2hki2fhsqdvh 0 248577 1594678 2026-09-05T21:47:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhammed Ghassan Aboud''' (alizaliwa [[1967]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Syria]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanachama waanzilishi wa Baraza la Biashara la Syria na Ghassan Aboud Group. Mwenye makao yake katika [[Falme za Kiarabu]], Aboud aliorodheshwa katika toleo la 2018 la Watu 50 Wenye Ushawishi Zaidi Wageni nchini [[UAE]] na Forbes Middle East. Mwaka 2019, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.75 na jarida la [[Forbes]]..<ref>{{cite web |last=Peel...' 1594678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammed Ghassan Aboud''' (alizaliwa [[1967]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Syria]]. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanachama waanzilishi wa Baraza la Biashara la Syria na Ghassan Aboud Group. Mwenye makao yake katika [[Falme za Kiarabu]], Aboud aliorodheshwa katika toleo la 2018 la Watu 50 Wenye Ushawishi Zaidi Wageni nchini [[UAE]] na Forbes Middle East. Mwaka 2019, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.75 na jarida la [[Forbes]]..<ref>{{cite web |last=Peel |first=Michael |date=19 March 2012 |title=Syria opposition taps business class |url=https://www.ft.com/content/f9063e30-71dd-11e1-8497-00144feab49a |access-date=22 March 2017 |website=Financial Times |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Most Influential People in the UAE for 2018 |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/list/50-most-influential-expats-in-the-uae-2018/item/18/ |work=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |last= |first= |title=Forbes Middle East Arab Billionaires 2019: Ghassan Aboud Ranked 16th |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/ae/news-releases/forbes-middle-east-arab-billionaires-2019-ghassan-aboud-ranked-16th-300831805.html |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Muhammed Ghassan Aboud alizaliwa tarehe 4 Agosti 1967, katika mji wa Idlib kaskazini mwa Syria. Amemuoa Nahed Aboud na ana watoto watano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wherevent.com/detail/Syria-Awareness-Events-Ghassan-Aboud|title=Ghassan Aboud|publisher=|access-date=22 March 2017}}</ref> == Kazi == Alihamia Falme za Kiarabu mnamo Oktoba 1992, ambako kwanza alifanya kazi katika uwanja wa mahusiano ya umma kabla ya kuanzisha Ghassan Aboud Group mwaka 1994. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Syria]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Syria]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Falme za Kiarabu]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hs50aw487xzmawjgg7ijushb34v7spt 0 248578 1594679 2026-09-05T21:58:09Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andre Leander Arendse''' (aliyezaliwa [[27 Juni]] [[1967]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kipa. Kwa sasa anafanya kazi kama [[kocha]] msaidizi na kocha wa makipa katika SuperSport United, na pia amewahi kuwa [[mtangazaji]] mwenza katika SuperSport. == Taaluma ya uchezaji == === Taaluma ya klabu === Arendse alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza [[mwaka]] [[1991]] akiwa na Cape Town Spurs katika NSL, ambayo kwa sasa haipo tena. Mwaka [[1992]], alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Santos ya Cape Town. Baadaye alicheza soka la kulipwa katika Oxford United na Fulham (zote za England), pamoja na Santos, Mamelodi Sundowns na SuperSport United. Alistaafu soka mwaka [[2009]] baada ya kutwaa ubingwa wa Premier Soccer League akiwa na SuperSport United. Mwezi Mei [[2013]], Arendse alirejea kama kipa wa dharura wa Bidvest Wits kutokana na majeraha ya makipa wa klabu hiyo, Steven Hoffman, Jackson Mabokgwane, Emile Baron na Ryan Harrison. Hilo lilimfanya kuwa mchezaji mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi katika [[historia]] ya PSL, akivunja rekodi iliyowekwa awali na Bruce Grobbelaar. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Aliiwakilisha Afrika Kusini mara 67 baada ya kucheza mechi yake ya kwanza mwaka [[1995]]. Awali alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] 1998, lakini alilazimika kujiondoa kutokana na jeraha. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na Paul Evans, ambaye naye alijiondoa kutokana na jeraha na nafasi yake ikachukuliwa na Simon Gopane. Alikuwa kipa chaguo la kwanza wa Afrika Kusini katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA [[2002]], na alistaafu kutoka soka la kimataifa mwaka [[2004]]. Pia alikuwa kipa wa kwanza wa timu ya Afrika Kusini iliyotwaa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[1996]]. == Taaluma ya ukocha == Arendse alichukua nafasi ya kocha wa muda wa SuperSport United mwezi Aprili [[2022]]. Hata hivyo, klabu hiyo ilimteua Gavin Hunt kuwa kocha mkuu wa kudumu, huku Arendse akiendelea kuwa kocha msaidizi. Klabu ilieleza kuwa Arendse hakuwa na sifa za kutosha za ukocha endapo klabu hiyo ingefuzu kushiriki mashindano ya kimataifa. <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/6149/Andre_Arendse.html</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/team_pages/south_africa/squad/newsid_1948000/1948939.stm</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/andre-arendse/profil/spieler/39559</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/8957/andre-arendse</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe41383/andre-arendse/honours/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} l0q417s1ny7hljbttgbnsip8xjmb4d1 0 248579 1594682 2026-09-05T22:17:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tokelo Rantie.jpg|thumb|Tokelo Rantie]] '''Tokelo Anthony Rantie''' (aliyezaliwa [[8 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Maisha ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa kazi === Rantie alizaliwa huko Parys, Free State, na alianza [[taaluma]] yake katika akademi mbalimbali, hasa Stars of Africa Academy nchini mwake Afrika Kusini. Gabestar alikuwa mshauri wake. Aliendelea kuhamia Ferroviário de Beira [[mwaka]] [[2010]] na baadaye CD Maxaquene katika nchi jirani ya [[Msumbiji]]. Mwaka [[2011]], alihamia katika klabu ya IFK Hässleholm ya Division 2 nchini [[Sweden]] kwa mkopo kutoka Stars of Africa Academy, ikiwa ni sehemu ya ushirikiano wao wa kuwapeleka wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini nchini Sweden. === Orlando Pirates === Baada ya Rantie kufunga mabao 10 katika [[mechi]] 12 katika nusu ya kwanza ya msimu, alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Orlando Pirates inayoshiriki Premier Soccer League kwa msimu wa 2011–12. Alifunga mabao 7 katika mechi 20 alizoichezea Pirates. Klabu hiyo ilijaribu kuishawishi Stars of Africa Academy kukamilisha uhamisho wake wa kudumu, lakini ilishindwa baada ya mahitaji ya [[klabu]] hiyo kuwa makubwa sana. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Rantie alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya wakubwa ya Afrika Kusini tarehe [[15 Juni]] [[2012]] katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Gabon]], ambapo pia alifunga bao lake la kwanza kwa ''[[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Afrika Kusini|Bafana Bafana]]''. Mwaka [[2013]], Rantie alichaguliwa kushiriki mashindano yake ya kwanza akiwa na Afrika Kusini, baada ya kujumuishwa katika kikosi cha [[wachezaji]] 23 kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2013, lililofanyika nchini Afrika Kusini. == Mafanikio == Orlando Pirates * Premier Soccer League: 2011–12 * Telkom Knockout: 2011–12 Malmö FF * Allsvenskan: 2013 Bournemouth * Football League Championship: [[2014]]–15 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120812062657/http://www.mff.se/Aktuellt/Nyheter/2012-08-09_Rantie_Till_MFF.aspx</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/tokelo-rantie/profil/spieler/198495</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/111867/tokelo-rantie</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/tokelo-rantie/177397</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} qpmsqusmru0jotwm8dgubv77uxghi4r 0 248580 1594684 2026-09-05T22:21:34Z Magotech 35622 Makala Mpya 1594684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Antony Jingu''' (''pia anajulikana kama '''John Jingu'''; katika vyanzo vingine '''John A.K. Jingu''' au '''John Antony Kiang'u Jingu''''') alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref name="acb">{{Cite web|title=Dr John Jingu|url=https://www.africanconstituency.org/board-members/dr-john-jingu/|work=African Constituency Bureau|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="malunde-2018">{{Cite web|title=Malunde Blog - Habari Mpya Tanzania|url=https://www.malunde.com/|work=Malunde 1 Blog|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=Swahili|author=Malunde 1 Blog}}</ref> Tangu Juni 2026 ni Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-2026">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia ateua wawili yumo Dk Jingu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-ateua-wawili-yumo-dk-jingu-5494466|work=Mwananchi|date=2026-06-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="global-2026">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia Amteua Dkt. John Jingu Kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama Tanzania|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2026/06/12/rais-samia-amteua-dkt-john-jingu-kuwa-mtendaji-mkuu-wa-mahakama-tanzania/|work=Global Publishers|date=2026-06-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-US|author=Global Publishers}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tangu 26 Juni 2026 ni pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="jsc-katibu">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-dkt-jingu-kuwa-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="dailynews-2026">{{Citation|last=Takwa|first=Esther|title=Jingu named new Court Administrator - Daily News|date=2026-06-13|url=https://dailynews.co.tz/jingu-named-new-court-administrator/|work=Daily News|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref name="streamline-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Dr John Jingu Appointed Chief Court Administrator of Tanzania Judiciary|url=https://streamlinefeed.co.ke/news/dr-john-jingu-appointed-chief-court-administrator-of-tanzania-judiciary|work=Streamline|date=2026-06-13|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en|author=Streamline Feed Official}}</ref> Kabla ya kujiunga na utumishi wa serikali alikuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="malunde-2018" /> == Elimu na kazi ya kitaaluma == Kwa mujibu wa African Constituency Bureau, Jingu ana asili ya kitaaluma ya sayansi ya siasa na utawala wa umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, ambako pia alianzisha Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mkakati na Amani (Center for Strategic and Peace Studies). Amewahi kufundisha kama mhadhiri msaidizi (''adjunct lecturer'') katika Chuo Kikuu cha Limerick nchini Ireland. Kuanzia 2024 hadi 2026 alikuwa mjumbe mbadala wa bodi ya African Constituency Bureau.<ref name="acb" /> Kabla ya mwaka 2018 alikuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="malunde-2018" /> == Kazi == === Utumishi wa umma === Tarehe 3 Septemba 2018, Rais [[John Magufuli]] alimteua kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto, akiwa msimamizi wa masuala ya maendeleo ya jamii, jinsia, wazee na watoto, akichukua nafasi ya Sihaba Nkinga.<ref name="malunde-2018" /><ref name="mwananchi-2026" /> Tarehe 12 Septemba 2018 aliapishwa katika wadhifa huo Ikulu ya Chamwino, [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2018">{{Cite web|title=Magufuli highlights priority areas for newly appointed chiefs of key offices|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/magufuli-highlights-priority-areas-for-newly-appointed-chiefs-of-key-offices-2655550|work=The Citizen|date=2021-04-13|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alihudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Afya chini ya Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], kisha Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wanawake na Makundi Maalum, na baadaye Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria, alikohamishiwa kutoka wizara ya maendeleo ya jamii.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 12 Juni 2026, Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Elisante Ole Gabriel aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu ilitolewa na Katibu Mkuu Kiongozi, Balozi Moses Kusiluka, na kusainiwa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Bakari S. Machumu. Katika uteuzi huo huo Rais alimteua Francis Petro Mossongo kuwa Karani wa Baraza la Mawaziri.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="global-2026" /><ref name="dailynews-2026" /><ref name="streamline-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 19 Juni 2026, Rais Samia alimwapisha Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]], pamoja na Mossongo aliyela kiapo cha maadili.<ref name="dira-2026">{{Cite web|title=Rais Dkt.Samia amuapisha Dkt.John Anthony Jingu kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu mpya wa Mahakama|url=https://www.diramakini.co.tz/2026/06/rais-dktsamia-amuapisha-dktjohn-anthony.html|work=DIRAMAKINI {{!}} News 24hrs|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026, Ole Gabriel alimkabidhi ofisi Dodoma.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /><ref name="streamline-helm">{{Cite web|title=Jingu Takes Helm as Chief Court Administrator, Pledges Sweeping Reforms in Tanzania|url=https://streamlinefeed.co.ke/news/jingu-takes-helm-chief-court-administrator-tanzania|work=Streamline|date=2026-06-26|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en|author=Streamline Feed Official}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa Streamline, Jingu alisema wadhifa huo ni utumishi kwa taifa, na kwamba utoaji haki unapaswa kuongozwa na ubinadamu, maadili na heshima kwa utu.<ref name="streamline-helm" /> Tarehe 26 Juni 2026, Jaji Mkuu George Masaju alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama katika ofisi za Tume jijini Dodoma. Kwa mujibu wa kifungu cha 15 cha Sheria ya Usimamizi wa Mahakama, Sura ya 237, Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ndiye Katibu wa Tume hiyo.<ref name="jsc-katibu" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] asjk7otioctzfpkwkb9ivz4keo1j3pw 1594685 1594684 2026-09-05T22:22:38Z Magotech 35622 1594685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Antony Jingu''' (''pia anajulikana kama '''John Jingu'''; katika vyanzo vingine '''John A.K. Jingu''' au '''John Antony Kiang'u Jingu''''') alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref name="acb">{{Cite web|title=Dr John Jingu|url=https://www.africanconstituency.org/board-members/dr-john-jingu/|work=African Constituency Bureau|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="malunde-2018">{{Cite web|title=Malunde Blog - Habari Mpya Tanzania|url=https://www.malunde.com/|work=Malunde 1 Blog|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=Swahili|author=Malunde 1 Blog}}</ref> Tangu Juni 2026 ni Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-2026">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia ateua wawili yumo Dk Jingu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-ateua-wawili-yumo-dk-jingu-5494466|work=Mwananchi|date=2026-06-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="global-2026">{{Cite web|title=Rais Samia Amteua Dkt. John Jingu Kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama Tanzania|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2026/06/12/rais-samia-amteua-dkt-john-jingu-kuwa-mtendaji-mkuu-wa-mahakama-tanzania/|work=Global Publishers|date=2026-06-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-US|author=Global Publishers}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tangu 26 Juni 2026 ni pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="jsc-katibu">{{Cite web|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-dkt-jingu-kuwa-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="dailynews-2026">{{Citation|last=Takwa|first=Esther|title=Jingu named new Court Administrator - Daily News|date=2026-06-13|url=https://dailynews.co.tz/jingu-named-new-court-administrator/|work=Daily News|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref name="streamline-uteuzi">{{Cite web|title=Dr John Jingu Appointed Chief Court Administrator of Tanzania Judiciary|url=https://streamlinefeed.co.ke/news/dr-john-jingu-appointed-chief-court-administrator-of-tanzania-judiciary|work=Streamline|date=2026-06-13|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en|author=Streamline Feed Official}}</ref> Kabla ya kujiunga na utumishi wa serikali alikuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="malunde-2018" /> == Elimu na kazi ya kitaaluma == Kwa mujibu wa African Constituency Bureau, Jingu ana asili ya kitaaluma ya sayansi ya siasa na utawala wa umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, ambako pia alianzisha Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mkakati na Amani (Center for Strategic and Peace Studies). Amewahi kufundisha kama mhadhiri msaidizi (''adjunct lecturer'') katika Chuo Kikuu cha Limerick nchini Ireland. Kuanzia 2024 hadi 2026 alikuwa mjumbe mbadala wa bodi ya African Constituency Bureau.<ref name="acb" /> Kabla ya mwaka 2018 alikuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="malunde-2018" /> == Kazi == === Utumishi wa umma === Tarehe 3 Septemba 2018, Rais [[John Magufuli]] alimteua kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto, akiwa msimamizi wa masuala ya maendeleo ya jamii, jinsia, wazee na watoto, akichukua nafasi ya Sihaba Nkinga.<ref name="malunde-2018" /><ref name="mwananchi-2026" /> Tarehe 12 Septemba 2018 aliapishwa katika wadhifa huo Ikulu ya Chamwino, [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2018">{{Cite web|title=Magufuli highlights priority areas for newly appointed chiefs of key offices|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/magufuli-highlights-priority-areas-for-newly-appointed-chiefs-of-key-offices-2655550|work=The Citizen|date=2021-04-13|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alihudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Afya chini ya Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], kisha Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wanawake na Makundi Maalum, na baadaye Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria, alikohamishiwa kutoka wizara ya maendeleo ya jamii.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 12 Juni 2026, Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Elisante Ole Gabriel aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu ilitolewa na Katibu Mkuu Kiongozi, Balozi Moses Kusiluka, na kusainiwa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Bakari S. Machumu. Katika uteuzi huo huo Rais alimteua Francis Petro Mossongo kuwa Karani wa Baraza la Mawaziri.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="global-2026" /><ref name="dailynews-2026" /><ref name="streamline-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 19 Juni 2026, Rais Samia alimwapisha Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]], pamoja na Mossongo aliyela kiapo cha maadili.<ref name="dira-2026">{{Cite web|title=Rais Dkt.Samia amuapisha Dkt.John Anthony Jingu kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu mpya wa Mahakama|url=https://www.diramakini.co.tz/2026/06/rais-dktsamia-amuapisha-dktjohn-anthony.html|work=DIRAMAKINI {{!}} News 24hrs|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026, Ole Gabriel alimkabidhi ofisi Dodoma.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /><ref name="streamline-helm">{{Cite web|title=Jingu Takes Helm as Chief Court Administrator, Pledges Sweeping Reforms in Tanzania|url=https://streamlinefeed.co.ke/news/jingu-takes-helm-chief-court-administrator-tanzania|work=Streamline|date=2026-06-26|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en|author=Streamline Feed Official}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa Streamline, Jingu alisema wadhifa huo ni utumishi kwa taifa, na kwamba utoaji haki unapaswa kuongozwa na ubinadamu, maadili na heshima kwa utu.<ref name="streamline-helm" /> Tarehe 26 Juni 2026, Jaji Mkuu George Masaju alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama katika ofisi za Tume jijini Dodoma. Kwa mujibu wa kifungu cha 15 cha Sheria ya Usimamizi wa Mahakama, Sura ya 237, Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ndiye Katibu wa Tume hiyo.<ref name="jsc-katibu" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} gch60m31c38infu9dgkwmm4fv0otus0 1594700 1594685 2026-09-06T05:41:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 10 template(s) replaced. 1594700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Antony Jingu''' (''pia anajulikana kama '''John Jingu'''; katika vyanzo vingine '''John A.K. Jingu''' au '''John Antony Kiang'u Jingu''''') alikuwa mtumishi wa umma nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref name="acb">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr John Jingu|url=https://www.africanconstituency.org/board-members/dr-john-jingu/|work=African Constituency Bureau|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="malunde-2018">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malunde Blog - Habari Mpya Tanzania|url=https://www.malunde.com/|work=Malunde 1 Blog|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=Swahili|author=Malunde 1 Blog}}</ref> Tangu Juni 2026 ni Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania.<ref name="mwananchi-2026">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rais Samia ateua wawili yumo Dk Jingu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/rais-samia-ateua-wawili-yumo-dk-jingu-5494466|work=Mwananchi|date=2026-06-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref><ref name="global-2026">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rais Samia Amteua Dkt. John Jingu Kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama Tanzania|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2026/06/12/rais-samia-amteua-dkt-john-jingu-kuwa-mtendaji-mkuu-wa-mahakama-tanzania/|work=Global Publishers|date=2026-06-12|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en-US|author=Global Publishers}}</ref><ref name="jsc-makabidhiano">{{Rejea tovuti|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/prof-ole-gabriel-amkabidhi-ofisi-dkt-john-jingu-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Tangu 26 Juni 2026 ni pia Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama.<ref name="jsc-katibu">{{Rejea tovuti|title=JSC {{!}} Habari|url=https://www.jsc.go.tz/news/jaji-mkuu-amuapisha-dkt-jingu-kuwa-katibu-mpya-wa-tume-ya-utumishi-wa-mahakama|work=www.jsc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-09-05}}</ref> Kabla ya uteuzi huo alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="dailynews-2026">{{Citation|last=Takwa|first=Esther|title=Jingu named new Court Administrator - Daily News|date=2026-06-13|url=https://dailynews.co.tz/jingu-named-new-court-administrator/|work=Daily News|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref name="streamline-uteuzi">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr John Jingu Appointed Chief Court Administrator of Tanzania Judiciary|url=https://streamlinefeed.co.ke/news/dr-john-jingu-appointed-chief-court-administrator-of-tanzania-judiciary|work=Streamline|date=2026-06-13|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en|author=Streamline Feed Official}}</ref> Kabla ya kujiunga na utumishi wa serikali alikuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="malunde-2018" /> == Elimu na kazi ya kitaaluma == Kwa mujibu wa African Constituency Bureau, Jingu ana asili ya kitaaluma ya sayansi ya siasa na utawala wa umma kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, ambako pia alianzisha Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Mkakati na Amani (Center for Strategic and Peace Studies). Amewahi kufundisha kama mhadhiri msaidizi (''adjunct lecturer'') katika Chuo Kikuu cha Limerick nchini Ireland. Kuanzia 2024 hadi 2026 alikuwa mjumbe mbadala wa bodi ya African Constituency Bureau.<ref name="acb" /> Kabla ya mwaka 2018 alikuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="malunde-2018" /> == Kazi == === Utumishi wa umma === Tarehe 3 Septemba 2018, Rais [[John Magufuli]] alimteua kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto, akiwa msimamizi wa masuala ya maendeleo ya jamii, jinsia, wazee na watoto, akichukua nafasi ya Sihaba Nkinga.<ref name="malunde-2018" /><ref name="mwananchi-2026" /> Tarehe 12 Septemba 2018 aliapishwa katika wadhifa huo Ikulu ya Chamwino, [[Dodoma (mji)|Dodoma]].<ref name="citizen-2018">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Magufuli highlights priority areas for newly appointed chiefs of key offices|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/magufuli-highlights-priority-areas-for-newly-appointed-chiefs-of-key-offices-2655550|work=The Citizen|date=2021-04-13|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Baadaye alihudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Afya chini ya Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], kisha Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wanawake na Makundi Maalum, na baadaye Katibu Mkuu wa Wizara ya Katiba na Sheria, alikohamishiwa kutoka wizara ya maendeleo ya jamii.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /> === Mahakama ya Tanzania === Tarehe 12 Juni 2026, Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan alimteua kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Tanzania, akichukua nafasi ya Elisante Ole Gabriel aliyestaafu. Taarifa ya Ikulu ilitolewa na Katibu Mkuu Kiongozi, Balozi Moses Kusiluka, na kusainiwa na Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano ya Rais, Bakari S. Machumu. Katika uteuzi huo huo Rais alimteua Francis Petro Mossongo kuwa Karani wa Baraza la Mawaziri.<ref name="mwananchi-2026" /><ref name="global-2026" /><ref name="dailynews-2026" /><ref name="streamline-uteuzi" /> Tarehe 19 Juni 2026, Rais Samia alimwapisha Ikulu, [[Dar es Salaam]], pamoja na Mossongo aliyela kiapo cha maadili.<ref name="dira-2026">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rais Dkt.Samia amuapisha Dkt.John Anthony Jingu kuwa Mtendaji Mkuu mpya wa Mahakama|url=https://www.diramakini.co.tz/2026/06/rais-dktsamia-amuapisha-dktjohn-anthony.html|work=DIRAMAKINI {{!}} News 24hrs|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Juni 2026, Ole Gabriel alimkabidhi ofisi Dodoma.<ref name="jsc-makabidhiano" /><ref name="streamline-helm">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jingu Takes Helm as Chief Court Administrator, Pledges Sweeping Reforms in Tanzania|url=https://streamlinefeed.co.ke/news/jingu-takes-helm-chief-court-administrator-tanzania|work=Streamline|date=2026-06-26|accessdate=2026-09-05|language=en|author=Streamline Feed Official}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa Streamline, Jingu alisema wadhifa huo ni utumishi kwa taifa, na kwamba utoaji haki unapaswa kuongozwa na ubinadamu, maadili na heshima kwa utu.<ref name="streamline-helm" /> Tarehe 26 Juni 2026, Jaji Mkuu George Masaju alimwapisha kuwa Katibu wa Tume ya Utumishi wa Mahakama katika ofisi za Tume jijini Dodoma. Kwa mujibu wa kifungu cha 15 cha Sheria ya Usimamizi wa Mahakama, Sura ya 237, Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ndiye Katibu wa Tume hiyo.<ref name="jsc-katibu" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} jh5a2vazfjahz5otbnxkuciwpqnrk0t 0 248581 1594696 2026-09-06T04:52:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Red Card México vs South Africa 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Themba Zwane]] '''Themba Zwane''' (aliyezaliwa [[3 Agosti]] [[1989]]), anayejulikana pia kwa jina la utani Mshishi, ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayocheza nafasi ya kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ya Premier Soccer League na timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini. == Taaluma ya klabu == Zwane alijiunga na Mamelodi Sundowns [[mwaka]] [[2011]]. Alitwaa CAF Champions League akiwa na Sundowns mwaka [[2016]] na [[2025]]–26. Tarehe 29 Mei 2026, Zwane alisaini mkataba wa kuongeza muda wa kukaa kwake Sundowns. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe [[11 Oktoba]] [[2024]], alifikisha [[mechi]] yake ya 50 ya kimataifa akiwa na Afrika Kusini. Katika mchezo wa ufunguzi wa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] [[2026]] dhidi ya [[Mexico]], Zwane alionyeshwa kadi nyekundu ya moja kwa moja kwa kosa la tabia ya vurugu baada ya kumpiga kofi Roberto Alvarado. Alipewa adhabu ya kufungiwa mechi tatu kutokana na kadi hiyo nyekundu, hivyo angeweza kurejea katika mchezo wa hatua ya 16 bora iwapo Afrika Kusini ingefika hatua hiyo. Badala yake, walitolewa na [[Canada]] baada ya kufungwa 1–0 katika hatua ya 32 bora. == Maisha binafsi == Themba Zwane alipewa jina la utani Mshishi kutokana na uwezo wake wa kudribu. == Mafanikio == Mamelodi Sundowns * South African Premier Division (9): 2015–16; [[2017]]–18; 2018–19; [[2019]]–20; 2020–21; 2021–22; 2022–23; 2023–24; 2024–25 * Telkom Knockout (2): 2015; 2019 * Nedbank Cup (3): [[2014]]–15; 2019–20; 2021–22 * MTN 8: 2021 * CAF Champions League: 2016; 2025–26 * CAF Super Cup: [[2017]] * African Football League: 2023 Afrika Kusini * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika, nafasi ya tatu: [[2023]] Binafsi * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa PSL: 2019–20 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu aliyechaguliwa na Wachezaji wa PSL: 2019–20 * Kiungo Bora wa Msimu wa PSL: 2019–20 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Mamelodi Sundowns: 2019–20 * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Mamelodi Sundowns aliyechaguliwa na Wachezaji: 2019–20 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa PFA: [[2020]]–21 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/55466/Themba_Zwane.html</ref><ref>https://fbref.com/en/players/c6f21aa8/</ref><ref>https://www.kicker.de/themba-zwane/spieler</ref><ref>https://intersportstats.com/athletes/3000535715</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/zwane-themba/hnSM11RK/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 5g8umml05ro6waoi6eudd3um5tjm7ke 0 248582 1594697 2026-09-06T05:09:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Surprise Mohlomolleng Moriri''' (aliyezaliwa [[20 Machi]] [[1980]] huko Matibidi, Mpumalanga) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo au mshambuliaji. Pia aliwakilisha Afrika Kusini katika ngazi ya kimataifa na alicheza [[mechi]] 34 za kimataifa akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[2003]] hadi [[2010]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Moriri alikuwa kiungo aliyefunga mabao mengi na alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa PSL wa Afrika Kusini kwa msimu wa [[2005]]–06. Kwa kawaida alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] wa pili au nyuma ya mshambuliaji, akifanya kazi ya kumuunga mkono mshambuliaji mkuu. Pia aliwahi kutumika upande wa kulia wa kiungo. Alifunga mabao 12 katika mashindano yote (11 katika ligi), na kuwa mfungaji bora wa Sundowns huku akiisaidia [[klabu]] hiyo, iliyokuwa ikijulikana kama 'Brazilians', kutwaa ubingwa wao wa kwanza wa [[ligi]] tangu mwaka [[2000]]. Katika msimu wa [[2006]]–07, alizidi idadi hiyo kwa kufunga tena mabao 11 ya ligi pamoja na mabao matatu katika CAF Champions League. Msimu wa [[2007]]–08 haukuwa na mafanikio makubwa kwake katika ligi, ambapo alifunga mabao matatu pekee ya ligi. Hata hivyo, alifanya vizuri zaidi katika mashindano mengine msimu huo, akifunga mabao mawili katika Nedbank Cup, bao moja katika MTN 8, bao moja katika Tekom Knockout, na mabao manne katika CAF Champions League, jumla ya mabao 11 katika [[mashindano]] ya vikombe. Tarehe [[18 Juni]] 2007, Sundowns ilicheza mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Barcelona F.C.|FC Barcelona]] nchini Afrika Kusini. Moriri alifunga bao ndani ya dakika moja na sekunde 30 na kuifanya Sundowns kuongoza 1–0. Baada ya timu zote mbili kupoteza nafasi nyingi za kufunga, Barcelona hatimaye ilishinda mchezo huo kwa mabao 2–1 baada ya mabao mawili ya dakika za mwisho kufungwa na wachezaji waliotokea benchi, Santiago Ezquerro na Marc Crosas Luque. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Moriri alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Lesotho]] tarehe 8 Oktoba 2003. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza kwa Afrika Kusini katika ushindi wa mabao 3–0 dhidi ya [[Chad]] katika mechi za kufuzu kwa MTN Africa Cup of Nations. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Afrika Kusini katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika|Kombe la Mataifa]] ya Afrika [[2008]]. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha [[Bafana Bafana]] katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 2010, ambapo aliingia kutoka benchi katika mchezo dhidi ya [[Uruguay]]. == Mafanikio == Mamelodi Sundowns * CAF Champions League: 2016 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15266/Surprise_Moriri.html</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/surprise-moriri/profil/spieler/63288</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/7221/surprise-moriri</ref><ref>https://sundownsfc.co.za/tribute-to-a-legend-surprise-moriri/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe25402/surprise-moriri/honours/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} qi3s6rywj1rg5elt78yg6kbc856izd8 0 248583 1594698 2026-09-06T05:23:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calvin Anele Ngcongca''' ([[21 Oktoba]] [[1987]] – [[23 Novemba]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki wa kulia. == Taaluma == Tarehe [[29 Agosti]] [[2015]], Ngcongca alijiunga na ES Troyes AC kwa mkopo wa msimu mmoja kutoka Genk, baada ya kuwekwa benchi na [[kocha]] wake mkuu. Tarehe [[23 Novemba]] [[2020]], Anele Ngcongca alifariki katika ajali ya gari kwenye barabara kuu ya N2 huko [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Kabla ya kifo chake, alikuwa akiichezea AmaZulu. == Mafanikio == Genk * [[Kombe]] la Ubelgiji: 2008–09, 2012–13 * Ligi Kuu ya Ubelgiji: [[2010]]–11 * Super Cup ya Ubelgiji: 2011 Mamelodi Sundowns * PSL: 2017–18, [[2018]]–19, 2019–20 * Nedbank Cup: [[2019]]–20 * Telkom Knockout: [[2019]] <ref>https://www.sowetan.co.za/sport/soccer/2020-11-17-anele-ngcongca-set-to-fortify-amazulu-backline/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201123135806/https://www.enca.com/sport/anele-ngcongca-33-dies</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/35018177</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} k8b2yb1k6tfewxvymmrhi9fozc1iuf8 0 248584 1594701 2026-09-06T05:49:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Khumalo 2012.JPG|thumb|Khumalo 2012]] '''Bongani Sandile Khumalo''' (aliyezaliwa [[6 Januari]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya beki wa kati. == Maisha ya awali == Khumalo alizaliwa huko Manzini, lakini alihamia [[Pretoria]], Afrika Kusini akiwa bado mchanga. Huko, [[baba]] yake aliyefariki alikuwa mhadhiri wa lugha katika Chuo Cha Afrika Kusuni, huku [[mama]] yake akiwa [[mwalimu]]. Akiwa Pretoria, Khumalo alisomea [[shahada]] katika Chuo Cha Pretoria huku akiendelea na taaluma ya soka la kulipwa. Hata hivyo, baadaye alilazimika kusitisha masomo yake baada ya kuhamia [[England]]. Alipowasili England, iliripotiwa kwamba Khumalo alitoka katika [[familia]] maskini na alikuwa mmoja wa watoto 15. Baadaye alikanusha taarifa hizo, akieleza kwamba familia yake ilikuwa ya tabaka la kati na kuthibitisha kwamba alikuwa mtoto wa pekee. == Taaluma ya klabu == === University of Pretoria === Baada ya kuhitimu katika akademi ya Arcadia Shepherds, Khumalo alisaini [[mkataba]] na University of Pretoria [[mwaka]] [[2005]]. Alitumia misimu miwili katika [[klabu]] hiyo, ambapo alicheza katika National First Division na kufunga mabao manne katika mechi 50. Uwezo wake wakati akiwa University of Pretoria uliwavutia baadhi ya klabu za South African Premier Division, na mwaka [[2007]] alisaini na SuperSport United. === SuperSport United === Baada ya kujiunga na SuperSport United, Khumalo alijijenga haraka kuwa mchezaji muhimu katika kikosi cha Gavin Hunt, na baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa [[nahodha]] wa klabu hiyo. Katika misimu mitatu iliyofuata, aliisaidia klabu hiyo kutwaa mataji matatu mfululizo ya Premier Division, na kuwa [[mchezaji]] mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuwahi kutwaa ubingwa wa [[ligi]] hiyo akiwa na umri wa miaka 23. Kipindi cha Khumalo katika klabu hiyo kiliambatana na SuperSport United kuingia katika makubaliano ya ushirikiano na klabu ya Premier League, Tottenham Hotspur. Mwaka [[2010]], alisaini mkataba wa awali wa kujiunga na klabu hiyo ya [[London]] mwezi Januari wa mwaka uliofuata. ==== Tottenham Hotspur ==== Tarehe [[26 Oktoba]] 2010, ilitangazwa kwamba Khumalo angejiunga na [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] mwezi Januari [[2011]] akitokea klabu mshirika ya SuperSport United, baada ya kufanya majaribio yaliyofaulu mwezi Septemba. Uhamisho huo ulikuwa ukisubiri kibali cha kufanya kazi nchini England na ulikuwa na thamani ya pauni [[milioni]] 1.5. Tottenham ilithibitisha kukamilika kwa uhamisho wa Khumalo kutoka SuperSport United tarehe 7 Januari 2011. ===== Uhamisho wa mkopo na kuachiliwa ===== Tarehe 24 Machi 2011, Khumalo alihamia kwa mkopo wa dharura katika siku ya mwisho ya usajili kwenda klabu ya Preston North End ya Championship. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Preston tarehe 2 Aprili 2011 katika ushindi wa mabao 2–1 dhidi ya Swansea. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Khumalo alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Shirikisho la Mabara 2009|Kombe la Shirikisho]] la 2009 na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] 2010, yote yakifanyika nchini Afrika Kusini. Tarehe 22 Juni 2010, alifunga bao la kwanza baada ya dakika 21 dhidi ya [[Ufaransa]], huku Afrika Kusini ikimaliza kampeni yake ya Kombe la Dunia kwa ushindi wa mabao 2–1. Khumalo alikuwa nahodha wa timu ya taifa katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2013. Tarehe 25 Julai 2011, Khumalo alihamia kwa mkopo wa msimu mmoja katika klabu ya Reading inayoshiriki Championship. Hata hivyo, baada ya kuwasili kwa Kaspars Gorkšs kutoka Queens Park Rangers, nafasi za Khumalo kucheza zilipungua, na hakushiriki tena katika [[mechi]] ya kikosi cha kwanza baada ya mwezi Agosti. Tarehe [[1 Februari]] [[2012]], ilithibitishwa kwamba mkopo wa Khumalo ungesitishwa mapema ili kumruhusu kurejea Tottenham. Tarehe 6 Julai 2012, Khumalo alijiunga na klabu ya [[Ugiriki]] ya PAOK kwa mkopo wa mwaka mmoja. Tarehe 31 Julai 2013, Khumalo alijiunga kwa mkopo wa msimu mmoja na Doncaster Rovers ya Championship. Tarehe 6 Agosti, katika mchezo wake wa pili kwa Rovers, alifunga bao la ushindi katika ushindi wa 1–0 dhidi ya Rochdale katika League Cup. <ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=51560</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/25155/Bongani_Khumalo.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151012122017/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=297811/index.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120204022833/http://www.readingfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10306~2595925%2C00.html</ref><ref>https://www.news24.com/citypress/sport/bongani-khumalo-im-not-a-footballer-any-more-20210919</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/oct/26/tottenham-hotspur-bongani-khumalo-transfer</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} ji5l8zxelpnzr1dk9tpzj75yltfmo3p 0 248585 1594702 2026-09-06T06:10:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reneilwe "Yeye" Letsholonyane''' (aliyezaliwa [[9 Juni]] [[1982]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo. Aliiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini katika ngazi ya kimataifa. == Maisha ya awali == Letsholonyane alikulia akicheza raga katika [[eneo]] la White City, Jabavu huko [[Soweto]]. Kipaji chake kilianza kuonekana katika Morris Isaacson High School, ambako alianza kuchezea Jomo Cosmos. Wazazi wake hawakuamini kwamba angeweza kujipatia [[maisha]] kutokana na kucheza soka kwa sababu walijua kwamba taaluma hiyo ingekuwa fupi, lakini bado walimtia moyo. Jozi yake ya kwanza ya viatu vya soka ilikuwa Puma SE Rangers, ambayo alinunuliwa na wazazi wake. == Taaluma ya klabu == Letsholonyane alicheza zaidi katika [[ligi]] za madaraja ya chini hadi alipojiunga na Jomo Cosmos [[mwaka]] [[2006]]. Miaka miwili baadaye, alisaini na [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]] chini ya kocha Muhsin Ertugral, ambako tangu wakati huo amekuwa sehemu muhimu ya kikosi licha ya kukumbwa mara kwa mara na majeraha. Letsholonyane alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza pamoja na Gordon Gilbert tarehe [[30 Agosti]] [[2008]] katika kichapo cha 2–1 dhidi ya Thanda Royal Zulu. Alikaribia kufunga baada ya kupiga shuti kali kutoka nje ya boksi, lakini mpira ukagonga mwamba wa lango. Letsholonyane alifunga [[penalti]] ya ushindi katika [[fainali]] ya 2008 MTN 8, ambapo Chiefs iliifunga [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] kwa penalti 4–3. Baada ya fainali hiyo alipata mwito wake wa kwanza katika timu ya taifa. Alikosa sehemu kubwa ya msimu wa 2011–12 baada ya kupata jeraha la goti akiwa kwenye majukumu ya kimataifa, na alicheza mechi 13 pekee za ligi kwa Chiefs. Katika msimu wa 2012–13, wakati Chiefs ilipotwaa mataji ya [[ligi]] na kombe, alicheza mechi 26 za ligi na kufunga mabao matatu. Katikati ya msimu wa [[2013]]–14, taaluma ya Letsholonyane ilikaribia kufikia mwisho katika mchezo dhidi ya Lamontville Golden Arrows baada ya mguu wake kukunjwa kwa nguvu kuelekea ndani. Alitolewa na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Josta Dladla, huku Chiefs ikishinda 1–0. Alipata majeraha ya mishipa tu na akaondolewa katika mchezo wa mwisho wa mwaka dhidi ya AmaZulu tarehe [[22 Desemba]] [[2013]]. Alifunga katika robo fainali ya MTN 8 dhidi ya Mpumalanga Black Aces katika dakika ya pili ya ushindi wa 4–0 na akachaguliwa kuwa [[Mchezaji]] Bora wa Mechi. Letsholonyane alifunga bao lake la kwanza la ligi katika msimu wa [[2014]]–15 katika ushindi wa 2–1 dhidi ya Mpumalanga Black Aces. Alifunga katika mchezo wa pili wa nusu fainali ya MTN8 dhidi ya Platinum Stars katika dakika ya 57, na kuipa Chiefs uongozi wa jumla wa mabao 4–0 tarehe 24 Agosti 2014. Alitwaa [[tuzo]] yake ya pili ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mechi katika mashindano hayo. Letsholonyane alifunga katika ushindi wa 2–0 dhidi ya Platinum Stars tarehe 27 Agosti 2014. Tarehe 13 Septemba 2014, alifunga mabao mawili dhidi ya University of Pretoria katika ushindi wa 2–1. Tarehe 22 Oktoba 2014, alifunga bao la kusawazisha katika sare ya 1–1 dhidi ya Moroka Swallows. Tarehe [[1 Julai]] [[2021]], Letsholonyane alitangaza kustaafu soka la kulipwa. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Letsholonyane aliichezea Afrika Kusini tangu mwaka 2008. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza mwezi Septemba 2008 dhidi ya [[Malawi]] huko Germiston. Alifunga bao la pili katika ushindi wa 5–0 dhidi ya Guatemala tarehe 31 Mei 2010. Alicheza katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] la [[FIFA]] 2010 na [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2013. Alifikisha mechi yake ya 50 ya kimataifa katika mchezo wa kufuzu kwa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2015, ambapo Afrika Kusini iliifunga [[Sudan]] kwa mabao 2–1. == Maisha binafsi == Kaka yake mdogo, Ruben, ni mchezaji wa soka. Anaishi Fourways, [[Johannesburg]]. == Mafanikio == Kaizer Chiefs * Premier Soccer League: 2012–13, 2014–15 * MTN 8: 2008, 2014 * Telkom Knockout: 2009, 2010 * Telkom Charity Cup: 2010 * Nedbank Cup: 2013 * Carling Black Label Cup: 2013 SuperSport United * MTN 8: 2017 * Nedbank Cup: 2016–17 <ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/reneilwe-letsholonyane/profil/spieler/109903</ref><ref>https://baike.baidu.com/en/item/Reneilwe%20Letsholonyane/1894649</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/reneilwe-letsholonyane/99841</ref><ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=54581</ref><ref>https://www.goal.com/en-za/lists/former-kaizer-chiefs-midfielder-reneilwe-letsholonyane-opens-up-about-the-next-steps-in-his-coaching-career-there-are-two-or-three-options-on-that-side/bltc1e232f4163c94b6</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 9u6i9ib9szt6sgdpox3c373ef4zez5m 0 248586 1594703 2026-09-06T06:32:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andile Ernest Jali''' (aliyezaliwa [[10 Aprili]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye aliwahi kuichezea Orlando Pirates, [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] na Chippa United. Pia aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Taaluma ya klabu == Mhlekazi, kama anavyoitwa na wachezaji wenzake, alijijengea jina baada ya kuhamia kutoka [[klabu]] ya Pretoria University ya National First Division kwenda katika klabu kubwa ya Soweto, Orlando Pirates. Alijiunga na Orlando Pirates [[mwaka]] [[2009]]. Baadaye alifananishwa kwa njia nzuri na Benedict Vilakazi, ambaye alikuwa akivaa jezi namba 15 kabla ya Jali. Jali alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Orlando Pirates kilichoweka [[historia]] katika soka la Afrika Kusini kwa kutwaa mataji matatu katika msimu mmoja chini ya [[kocha]] wa [[Uholanzi]] Ruud Krol. Kikosi hicho kiliendelea kutetea mataji mawili kati ya yale kilichoyatwaa mwaka uliotangulia na kutwaa [[taji]] jingine, hivyo kutengeneza treble ya misimu miwili mfululizo. Jali alijithibitisha kuwa mmoja wa [[wachezaji]] muhimu zaidi katika kikosi cha Orlando Pirates, akitwaa mataji kadhaa wakati akiwa katika klabu hiyo. Kwa sehemu kutokana na mafanikio yake akiwa na timu hiyo ya [[Soweto]], alitajwa kuwa [[nahodha]] wa baadaye wa timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini ([[Bafana Bafana]]). Pia alipata sifa kutokana na kiwango chake cha uchezaji, huku baadhi ya wachambuzi wakidai kuwa alikuwa na uwezo wa kujijengea jina katika soka la [[Ulaya]]. Mwezi [[Januari]] [[2014]], Jali alisaini na [[klabu]] ya K.V. Oostende inayoshiriki Belgian Pro League. Katika msimu wa [[2015]]–16, ambao ulikuwa msimu wake wa pili katika klabu hiyo, Jali alicheza kwa kiwango kizuri na kusaidia Oostende kumaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika Belgian Pro League. Mwaka [[2023]] alihamia Moroka Swallows, lakini klabu hiyo ilikumbwa na matatizo makubwa ya ndani huku wachezaji wakiongoza mgomo. Moroka Swallows ilipoteza michezo miwili ya ligi kwa kutofanya hivyo. Mwezi Januari 2024, zaidi ya wachezaji 20 walifukuzwa, akiwemo Jali. Jali alishindwa katika [[kesi]] ya kisheria dhidi ya Moroka Swallows. Mwaka 2024, Jali alisaini na Chippa United. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Afrika Kusini katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la U-20 la 2009 nchini [[Misri]]. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Afrika Kusini mwaka [[2010]]. Mwaka huo, Jali alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha awali cha wachezaji 30 cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] 2010, lakini hakujumuishwa katika kikosi cha mwisho cha wachezaji 23 kutokana na tatizo dogo la moyo lililomfanya akose kushiriki katika mashindano hayo. Mwaka 2015, Jali aliitwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2015, ambapo alicheza katika michezo ya Afrika Kusini dhidi ya [[Algeria]], [[Ghana]] na [[Senegal]] katika mashindano hayo. == Mafanikio == Orlando Pirates * Premier Soccer League: 2010–11, 2011–12 * Nedbank Cup: 2011 * Telkom Knockout: 2011 * MTN 8: 2010, 2011 * CAF Champions League: Mshindi wa pili 2013 * Carling Black Label: 2011, 2012 Mamelodi Sundowns * Premier Soccer League: 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22 * Nedbank Cup: 2020, 2022 * Telkom Knockout: 2019 * MTN 8: 2021 * CAF Champions League: Robo fainali mara 2 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/28727/Andile_Jali.html</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/jali-andile/Gn3MBk1S/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151004104456/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=313516/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/andile-jali/profil/spieler/118538</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/19248/andile-jali</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} qqqjpum4uy4xpb8lj1ahghttw02zkqx 0 248587 1594704 2026-09-06T06:48:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594704 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Mahlangu.jpg|thumb|May Mahlangu]] '''May Mahlangu''' (aliyezaliwa [[1 Mei]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo wa kati. == Taaluma ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa taaluma === Mahlangu alijiunga na Stars of Africa Academy akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 15 na kuichezea timu yao, Alexandra United FC. === Helsingborgs IF === Bo Nilsson alikuwa [[meneja]] wa klabu ya Helsingborgs IF inayoshiriki Allsvenskan [[mwaka]] [[2008]] na, kupitia uhusiano wake na akademi hiyo, alimleta Mahlangu nchini [[Sweden]]. Nilsson alipanga Mahlangu afanye mazoezi kila siku pamoja na Helsingborg na klabu ya daraja la nne, IFK Hässleholm, na mwanzoni acheze mechi za ligi akiwa na Hässleholm. Baada ya kufanya vizuri katika [[ligi]] za chini za Sweden, Helsingborg iliamua kumfanya kuwa sehemu ya kudumu ya kikosi chake katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka [[2009]]. Mwaka [[2011]], klabu hiyo ilitwaa ubingwa wa ligi ya Sweden, na Mahlangu alipewa [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka. === IFK Göteborg === Tarehe [[4 Machi]] [[2014]], Mahlangu alijiunga na klabu ya IFK Göteborg inayoshiriki Allsvenskan kwa [[mkataba]] wa mwaka mmoja. === Konyaspor === Mahlangu alisaini na Konyaspor mwezi [[Januari]] [[2015]] kwa uhamisho wa bure. Tarehe [[28 Februari]] 2015, alifunga bao lake la kwanza la ligi dhidi ya Fenerbahçe. === Ludogorets Razgrad === Mahlangu alisaini mkataba na Ludogorets Razgrad mwezi [[Agosti]] [[2018]], lakini alipata nafasi chache za kucheza katika timu hiyo. === Ordabasy === Mwaka [[2019]], alijiunga na Ordabasy kwa mkopo kabla ya kusaini mkataba wa kudumu na klabu hiyo ya Kazakhstan mwaka [[2020]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mwezi Januari 2012, Mahlangu alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Guinea]] ya Ikweta. Pia alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2013]]. Mwezi Novemba 2014, Mahlangu alipigwa marufuku kuchaguliwa katika kikosi cha [[Bafana Bafana]] baada ya kushindwa kuripoti kwa ajili ya mechi za kufuzu kwa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2015 dhidi ya [[Sudan]] na [[Nigeria]], akieleza kuwa alikuwa amechoka. == Mafanikio == Helsingborgs IF * Allsvenskan: 2011 * Svenska Cupen: 2010, 2011 * Svenska Supercupen: 2011, 2012 Dinamo Bucharest * Cupa Ligii: 2016–17 Binafsi * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa Allsvenskan: 2011 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100529030504/http://www.hif.se/Lagen/A_lag/truppen/may_mahlangu</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190413202217/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/572225/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe160504/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/46099/May_Mahlangu.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130104163531/http://www.hif.se/Article.aspx?id=483aa5fc-8a44-44da-99cc-5f64a0ed187d</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} q5qyqz087hf372o6es0d10qsgd8ddz8 0 248588 1594705 2026-09-06T06:56:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lehlohonolo Majoro''' (aliyezaliwa [[19 Agosti]] [[1986]] huko Ladybrand) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu kadhaa za Premier Soccer League na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Taaluma ya klabu == === Kaizer Chiefs === Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza isiyo rasmi katika Vodacom Challenge, katika ushindi wa 1–0 dhidi ya Tottenham Hotspur. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya [[ligi]] akiwa na Chiefs tarehe [[18 Agosti]] [[2011]] katika ushindi wa 2–1 dhidi ya Jomo Cosmos. Pia alifunga katika mechi yake ya kwanza, baada ya dakika mbili pekee kufuatia pasi sahihi kutoka kwa Bernard Parker. Aliendelea kuwa mfungaji bora wa klabu hiyo akiwa na mabao 10. Aliondoka AmaZulu baada ya msimu wa [[2022]]–23 akiwa na umri wa miaka 36. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Afrika Kusini tarehe [[14 Mei]] 2011 dhidi ya [[Tanzania]] katika mchezo wa kirafiki wa kimataifa.<ref>https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/fan-park/lehlohonolo-majoro-departs-amazulu-with-fleet-of-cars-including-vw-golf-ford-ranger-hyundai-tucson-20230607</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43285/Lehlohonolo_Majoro.html</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/98935/lehlohonolo-majoro</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} pyh0ug63sczmb8ah25xg5xrahu96ca6 0 248589 1594706 2026-09-06T07:09:18Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lebogang Manyama''' (aliyezaliwa [[13 Septemba]] [[1990]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani “Kaka”, ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye ni [[kocha]] msaidizi wa Cape Town City F.C. == Maisha ya awali == Manyama alizaliwa Tembisa, lakini alikulia Alexandra, kaskazini mwa [[Johannesburg]]. Alisoma katika Northview High School. == Taaluma ya klabu == === Ajax Cape Town === Lebogang Manyama alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kitaalamu akiwa na Ajax Cape Town tarehe [[20 Agosti]] [[2010]] dhidi ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]], ambapo Ajax Cape Town ilishinda kwa penalti 4–3 baada ya sare ya 1–1, katika mchezo wa robo [[fainali]] ya mashindano ya MTN 8 ya 2010 kwenye Athlone Stadium huko Cape Town. Alisajiliwa na Ajax Cape Town katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka 2010 akitokea FC Alexandra. Wakati akiwa Ajax, alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji waliovutia zaidi katika South African Premier League, na baadaye akasajiliwa na SuperSport United. === SuperSport United === Aliendelea kuchezea SuperSport United, ambayo baadaye ilimpeleka kwa mkopo katika Mpumalanga Black Aces kwa msimu wa [[2015]]–16. Alikuwa na msimu mzuri, lakini msimu wake ulimalizika baada ya kupata jeraha katika kipindi cha mwisho cha msimu. === Cape Town City FC === Mwaka [[2016]], Lebo alisajiliwa na Cape Town City F.C. na baadaye akateuliwa kuwa [[nahodha]] wa timu hiyo katika msimu wake wa kwanza wa Premier Soccer League wa 2016–17. Aliweka [[historia]] katika msimu wa kwanza wa klabu hiyo katika PSL kwa kuiongoza kutwaa [[taji]] la Telkom Knockout Cup, baada ya ushindi wa 2–1 dhidi ya SuperSport United. Katika msimu huo alikuwa mfungaji bora wa [[ligi]] na alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa Afrika Kusini. Nafasi yake katika Cape Town City ilimsaidia kujihakikishia nafasi katika timu ya taifa na alitambuliwa wakati huo kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora nchini Afrika Kusini. === Kaizer Chiefs === Baada ya kipindi kifupi katika klabu ya [[Uturuki]] ya Konyaspor, Manyama alisaini na [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]]. Aliiongoza safu ya ushambuliaji ya Glamour Boys pamoja na wachezaji wawili wa zamani wa Sundowns, Khama Billiat na Leonardo Castro, pamoja na [[mshambuliaji]] wa [[Serbia]] Samir Nurković, na kuisaidia Chiefs kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili nyuma ya Sundowns na hivyo kufuzu kwa CAF Champions League. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Manyama amecheza mechi 11 kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini na kufunga bao moja. Mara nyingi alitumika kama kiungo mshambuliaji au mshambuliaji wa uongo katika timu ya taifa, akibadilishana kwa urahisi kati ya nafasi ya kiungo na mshambuliaji. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza kwa [[Bafana Bafana]] mwaka [[2013]] na aliendelea kuchaguliwa katika kikosi, huku mwito wake wa hivi karibuni ukiwa mwezi Juni [[2017]] kwa ajili ya mchezo wa kufuzu kwa AFCON dhidi ya [[Nigeria]] na mchezo wa kirafiki wa kimataifa dhidi ya [[Zambia]]. == Mafanikio == === Klabu === Cape Town City FC * Telkom Knockout 2016: Mshindi * South African Premier Division 2016–17: Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi — Oktoba, Novemba, Desemba, Februari SuperSport United * Telkom Knockout 2014: Mshindi <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/52981/Lebogang_Manyama.html</ref><ref>https://sundayworld.co.za/sports/soccer/retired-lebogang-manyama-joins-the-citizens-as-tinklers-assistant/</ref><ref>https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/kaizer-chiefs-sign-lebogang-manyama/daij1i6w3azy1s71opq83p0zb</ref><ref>https://www.news24.com/sport/soccer/bafana-bafana-and-banyana-banyana/today-marks-a-very-sad-day-ex-bafana-and-kaizer-chiefs-midfielder-announces-shock-retirement-20230630</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} l8az4boqj453jtxxrrbxcf6f4dz6z3c 0 248590 1594710 2026-09-06T07:24:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594710 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ronwen Williams AFCON2025Q 35.jpg|thumb|Ronwen Williams]] '''Ronwen Hayden Williams''' (aliyezaliwa [[21 Januari]] [[1992]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kipa katika klabu ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ya Premier Soccer League, na ni [[nahodha]] wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. Aliorodheshwa kuwa kipa wa tisa bora [[duniani]] katika tuzo za Ballon d'Or [[2024]]. == Taaluma ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa taaluma === Williams alitumia sehemu ya taaluma yake ya ujana katika klabu ya Premier League, Tottenham Hotspur. === SuperSport United === Williams alijiunga na SuperSport United akiwa [[mchezaji]] wa vijana mwaka [[2004]]. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika CAF Champions League mwezi [[Januari]] [[2012]] dhidi ya Matlama FC, na katika PSL miezi minne baadaye dhidi ya Free State Stars. Aliweka clean sheet (kipa kutoruhusu bao lolote) kuto kuruhus katika michezo yote miwili. === Mamelodi Sundowns === Tarehe [[21 Julai]] [[2022]], Williams alisaini na Mamelodi Sundowns baada ya kutumia [[miaka]] 12 katika taaluma yake akiwa na SuperSport United. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika mchezo wa ufunguzi wa msimu wa 2022–23 dhidi ya Cape Town City FC, ambapo alifanya uokoaji kadhaa muhimu na kutoruhusu bao lolote. Alitwaa African Football League akiwa na Mamelodi Sundowns mwaka [[2023]], ambapo alifanya uokoaji muhimu wa [[penalti]] mbili, moja dhidi ya [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] na nyingine dhidi ya CA Petróleos Luanda. Tarehe [[17 Juni]] [[2025]], Williams alikua mchezaji wa kwanza kuadhibiwa chini ya sheria mpya ya [[FIFA]] ya umiliki wa mpira kwa sekunde nane, baada ya kuushikilia mpira kwa sekunde 14. Sheria hiyo ilitekelezwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika mchezo wa FIFA Club World Cup dhidi ya Ulsan Hyundai ya [[Korea Kusini]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Williams alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Afrika Kusini tarehe [[5 Machi]] 2014 katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Brazil]], kutokana na kipa wa kwanza, Itumeleng Khune, kupata jeraha la kifundo cha mguu. Mwezi Agosti 2021, [[kocha]] mpya wa Afrika Kusini, Hugo Broos, alimteua Williams kuwa nahodha mpya wa [[Bafana Bafana]], akichukua kitambaa cha unahodha kutoka kwa Thulani Hlatshwayo, ambaye hakujumuishwa katika kikosi. == Mafanikio == Supersport United * Nedbank Cup: 2011–12, 2015–16, 2016–17 * MTN 8: 2017, 2019 * Telkom Knockout: 2014 Mamelodi Sundowns * South African Premier Division: 2022–23, 2023–24 * Africa Football League: 2023 * CAF Champions League: 2025–26 Afrika Kusini * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika, nafasi ya tatu: 2023 Binafsi * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa PSL: 2023–24 * Kipa Bora wa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: 2023 * Kikosi Bora cha Mashindano cha Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: 2023 * Kipa Bora wa African Football League: 2023 * Kipa Bora wa Afrika: 2024 * Mchezaji Bora wa Afrika wa Klabu: 2024 <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/williams-ronwen/lQRX0UzA/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe259681/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/54726/Ronwen_Williams.html</ref><ref>https://global.espn.com/football/player/_/id/196230</ref><ref>https://fbref.com/en/players/a66cc153/Ronwen-Williams</ref><ref>https://www.kicker.de/ronwen-williams/spieler</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 3lojj60uzsidmjrfl3zxlf26rpdpy7b 0 248591 1594711 2026-09-06T07:42:43Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Darren Keet''' (aliyezaliwa [[5 Agosti]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kipa katika [[klabu]] ya Durban City inayoshiriki Premiership. == Taaluma ya klabu == Keet alizaliwa huko Cape Town. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Vasco Da Gama kilichopandishwa daraja hadi National First Division [[mwaka]] [[2008]] kabla ya kujiunga na klabu ya Premiership, Bidvest Wits. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika Premiership akiwa na ''Students'' mwaka 2008 na haraka akajijenga kuwa kipa namba moja wa klabu hiyo, akicheza [[mechi]] 54 za ligi kabla ya kusaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka minne na klabu ya [[Ubelgiji]] ya KV Kortrijk mwezi Juni [[2011]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 36, Keet alikuwa golini wakati Durban City ilipotwaa Nedbank Cup [[2025]]–26. Baada ya mchezo huo, Keet alitangaza kwamba atastaafu mwishoni mwa msimu huo. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe [[10 Septemba]] [[2013]], Keet alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kimataifa kwa Afrika Kusini katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Zimbabwe]] kwenye Orlando Stadium, akianza mchezo na kucheza dakika zote 90 katika kichapo cha 2–1. Kabla ya mchezo huo, alisema kwamba alitaka “kuthibitisha thamani yangu kwa Afrika Kusini.”. <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/keet-darren/xCAJB0Bh/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/53678/Darren_Keet.html</ref><ref>https://fbref.com/en/players/3a14f105/Darren-Keet</ref><ref>https://www.kicker.de/darren-keet/spieler</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} qo9aptbj8joz62x5227owajo3fsq18s 0 248592 1594712 2026-09-06T07:45:56Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:An exemple of a found footage film from " Taped Up Families (Horror, Found Footage, 2024) ".png|alt=Taped Up Families (Horror, Found Footage, 2024)|thumb|Mfano wa picha kutoka filamu ya mtindo wa found footage]] [[File:Ruggero Deodato 2008.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ruggero Deodato]], mwongozazaji aliyeongoza filamu ya ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' (1980).]] '''Found footage''' ni mtindo na aina ya filamu ambapo matukio yote—au sehemu kubwa ya [[filamu]]—...' 1594712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:An exemple of a found footage film from " Taped Up Families (Horror, Found Footage, 2024) ".png|alt=Taped Up Families (Horror, Found Footage, 2024)|thumb|Mfano wa picha kutoka filamu ya mtindo wa found footage]] [[File:Ruggero Deodato 2008.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ruggero Deodato]], mwongozazaji aliyeongoza filamu ya ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' (1980).]] '''Found footage''' ni mtindo na aina ya filamu ambapo matukio yote—au sehemu kubwa ya [[filamu]]—huwasilishwa kana kwamba ni video halisi zilizorekodiwa na wahusika wenyewe wa hadithi, kisha zikaja "kuokotwa" na kuonyeshwa kwa watazamaji. Kila kinachotokea kiooni huonekana kupitia jicho la kamera ya mhusika au wahusika waliopo kwenye tukio, mara nyingi ikiambatana na sauti zao zikiongea wakiwa nyuma ya kamera wakati tukio likiendelea. Ili kuongeza uhalisia, mara nyingi waigizaji wenyewe ndio wanaoshika kamera wanapoigiza. Mbinu hii hutumia sana mikono inayotikisika, uigizaji wa papo kwa papo bila kufuata muswada ulioandikwa kwa umakini, na uigizaji unaoonekana wa asili kabisa. Video hizo zinaweza kuonyeshwa zikiwa ghafi kama zilivyochukuliwa, au zikiwa zimepangwa na kuhaririwa ili kuunda muundo wa hadithi na wale "waliookota" video hizo. Mbinu hii inajulikana zaidi kwenye filamu za kutisha, ikipata umaarufu kupitia filamu kama ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'', ''[[The Blair Witch Project]]'', ''[[Paranormal Activity]]'', na ''[[Rec (filamu)|Rec]]''. Hata hivyo, imekuwa ikitumika pia kwenye filamu za sayansi ya kufikirika, tamthilia za msisimko, vichekesho, filamu za jinai, na kazi za sanaa za majaribio. Tofauti na filamu za kawaida ambazo hutumia kamera "isiyoonekana" na mtazamaji, filamu za ''found footage'' huifanya zana yenyewe ya kurekodia kuwa sehemu ya hadithi; picha zake zinaweza kutokana na kamera za mkononi, kamera za ulinzi (CCTV), au kifaa kingine chochote kinachoweza kurekodi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rødje |first=Kjetil |date=2017 |title=Intra-Diegetic Cameras as Cinematic Actor Assemblages in Found Footage Horror Cinema |journal=Film-Philosophy |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=206–222 |doi=10.3366/film.2017.0044}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Found Footage Manifesto |url=https://adriantofei.com/the-found-footage-manifesto/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Adrian Țofei • Official Site |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-01 |title=Unnamed Footage Festival |url=https://filmfreeway.com/UnnamedFootageFestival |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] buna49j27ecznxggeh07hpixfyt31p2 1594758 1594712 2026-09-06T11:07:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1594758 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:An exemple of a found footage film from " Taped Up Families (Horror, Found Footage, 2024) ".png|alt=Taped Up Families (Horror, Found Footage, 2024)|thumb|Mfano wa picha kutoka filamu ya mtindo wa found footage]] [[File:Ruggero Deodato 2008.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ruggero Deodato]], mwongozazaji aliyeongoza filamu ya ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'' (1980).]] '''Found footage''' ni mtindo na aina ya filamu ambapo matukio yote—au sehemu kubwa ya [[filamu]]—huwasilishwa kana kwamba ni video halisi zilizorekodiwa na wahusika wenyewe wa hadithi, kisha zikaja "kuokotwa" na kuonyeshwa kwa watazamaji. Kila kinachotokea kiooni huonekana kupitia jicho la kamera ya mhusika au wahusika waliopo kwenye tukio, mara nyingi ikiambatana na sauti zao zikiongea wakiwa nyuma ya kamera wakati tukio likiendelea. Ili kuongeza uhalisia, mara nyingi waigizaji wenyewe ndio wanaoshika kamera wanapoigiza. Mbinu hii hutumia sana mikono inayotikisika, uigizaji wa papo kwa papo bila kufuata muswada ulioandikwa kwa umakini, na uigizaji unaoonekana wa asili kabisa. Video hizo zinaweza kuonyeshwa zikiwa ghafi kama zilivyochukuliwa, au zikiwa zimepangwa na kuhaririwa ili kuunda muundo wa hadithi na wale "waliookota" video hizo. Mbinu hii inajulikana zaidi kwenye filamu za kutisha, ikipata umaarufu kupitia filamu kama ''[[Cannibal Holocaust]]'', ''[[The Blair Witch Project]]'', ''[[Paranormal Activity]]'', na ''[[Rec (filamu)|Rec]]''. Hata hivyo, imekuwa ikitumika pia kwenye filamu za sayansi ya kufikirika, tamthilia za msisimko, vichekesho, filamu za jinai, na kazi za sanaa za majaribio. Tofauti na filamu za kawaida ambazo hutumia kamera "isiyoonekana" na mtazamaji, filamu za ''found footage'' huifanya zana yenyewe ya kurekodia kuwa sehemu ya hadithi; picha zake zinaweza kutokana na kamera za mkononi, kamera za ulinzi (CCTV), au kifaa kingine chochote kinachoweza kurekodi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rødje |first=Kjetil |date=2017 |title=Intra-Diegetic Cameras as Cinematic Actor Assemblages in Found Footage Horror Cinema |journal=Film-Philosophy |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=206–222 |doi=10.3366/film.2017.0044}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2013-09-23 |title=Found Footage Manifesto |url=https://adriantofei.com/the-found-footage-manifesto/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Adrian Țofei • Official Site |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2026-04-01 |title=Unnamed Footage Festival |url=https://filmfreeway.com/UnnamedFootageFestival |access-date=2026-06-22 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Aina za filamu]] 4emidv3d1nge4mrcsbmeby4v6703vmv 14 248593 1594714 2026-09-06T07:48:43Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Filamu]]' 1594714 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Filamu]] flhjooqa2k9o2yo5ezjkmwsutwgna0w 0 248594 1594718 2026-09-06T08:03:06Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Senzo Robert Meyiwa''' ([[24 Januari]] [[1984]] – [[26 Oktoba]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kipa na alikuwa [[nahodha]] wa Orlando Pirates katika Premier Soccer League, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. Alipigwa risasi na kuuawa wakati wa uvamizi wa nyumba tarehe 26 Oktoba 2014. == Kazi ya klabu == === Orlando Pirates === ==== Mwanzo (2005–2012) ==== Meyiwa alikuwa kipa wa Orlando Pirates tangu [[mwaka]] [[2005]], akiwa kipa wa akiba nyuma ya Francis Chansa hadi mwaka [[2008]]. Baada ya kuwasili kwa [[kocha]] mpya Milutin Sredojević, Pirates ilimpa Meyiwa nafasi ya kucheza mechi yake ya kwanza dhidi ya AmaZulu F.C. tarehe [[8 Novemba]] [[2006]], katika mchezo ambao Pirates ilishinda kwa mabao 2–1. Mwaka 2008, baada ya Francis Chansa kuondoka na kujiunga na Engen Santos, Pirates ilimsajili Moeneeb Josephs kutoka Wits University mwaka huo, hivyo Meyiwa alilazimika tena kuwa kipa wa akiba. ==== Kuwa kipa wa kwanza (2012–2014) ==== Katika msimu wa 2012, kocha wa muda Augusto Palacios alimpa Meyiwa nafasi ya kucheza katika baadhi ya michezo, na kocha mpya wa Pirates, Roger De Sa, pia alimpa nafasi kutokana na jeraha la bega la Josephs katika msimu huo. Josephs aliondoka Pirates mwaka [[2013]] na kujiunga na Bidvest Wits, baada ya kuona kwamba hakuwa tena [[kipa]] wa kwanza. Pirates ilimsajili kipa wa [[Ghana]] Fatau Dauda katika msimu wa 2013, lakini Meyiwa aliendelea kuwa kipa wa kwanza, huku Dauda akicheza michezo mitatu pekee kwa Pirates kabla ya kuondoka na kujiunga na Chippa United mwaka [[2014]]. Meyiwa alijulikana kwa kuokoa [[penalti]] katika CAF Champions League 2013 dhidi ya [[TP Mazembe]], ambapo aliokoa penalti mbili zilizopigwa na [[Trésor Mputu|Tresor Mputu]]. Ingawa Pirates ilipoteza mchezo huo kwa bao 1–0, ilifuzu kwa jumla ya mabao 3–2. Meyiwa aliiongoza Pirates hadi [[fainali]] dhidi ya [[Al Ahly SC]], ambayo Pirates ilipoteza kwa jumla ya mabao 3–1. ==== Unahodha (2014) ==== Meyiwa aliteuliwa kuwa [[nahodha]] wa Orlando Pirates na kocha Vladimir Vermezovic katika michezo yake minne ya mwisho akiwa na Pirates kabla ya kifo chake, baada ya nahodha wa klabu hiyo Lucky Lekgwathi kutocheza. Pia aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa [[Bafana Bafana]] na kocha Shakes Mashaba katika michezo yake minne ya mwisho ya kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika|Kombe la Mataifa]] ya Afrika [[2015]]. Alicheza mchezo wake wa mwisho wa maisha tarehe 25 Oktoba 2014, katika ushindi wa mabao 4–1 dhidi ya Ajax Cape Town katika Carling Knockout Cup. == Kifo == Tarehe 26 Oktoba 2014, Meyiwa alipigwa [[risasi]] na kuuawa wakati wa wizi katika nyumba ya mpenzi wake Kelly Khumalo huko Vosloorus. Alitangazwa kuwa amefariki alipowasili hospitalini huko [[Johannesburg]]. == Mafanikio == Orlando Pirates * Premier Soccer League: 2010–11, 2011–12 * Nedbank Cup: 2010–11, 2013–14 * MTN 8: 2010, 2011 * Telkom Knockout: 2011 * CAF Champions League, Mshindi wa pili: 2013 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/52453/Senzo_Meyiwa.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131203075854/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/south-africa/absa-premiership/players/2012-2013/orlando-pirates/senzo-meyiwa.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29809298</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141104083444/http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=2702624</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/27/senzo-meyiwa-shooting-south-african-president-zuma-tributes-goalkeeper</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} r5oy6hnb49z9kgugog84pbfauqqnqzh 0 248595 1594719 2026-09-06T08:17:41Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Moeneeb Josephs (cropped).jpg|thumb|Moeneeb Josephs]] '''Moeneeb Josephs''' (''hutamkwa Muh'Neeb''; aliyezaliwa [[19 Mei]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kipa. == Kazi ya klabu == Josephs alianza kazi yake ya soka katika Cape Town Spurs akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 17 mwaka [[1997]] na aliichezea klabu iliyofuata, Ajax Cape Town, kwa miaka saba. Mwaka [[2006]], alihamia Gauteng, ambako aliichezea Bidvest Wits kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kuhamia Orlando Pirates kwa ada ya uhamisho iliyovunja [[rekodi]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Josephs aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini katika ngazi ya kimataifa na alikuwa kipa namba moja wa Afrika Kusini katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2008]], akichukua nafasi ya Rowen Fernandez aliyekuwa ameumia. Hakujumuishwa katika kikosi cha mwisho cha [[Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA]] [[2009]], lakini alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] 2010 kwa gharama ya Fernandez. Hakutarajiwa kupata muda mwingi wa kucheza akiwa kipa wa akiba wa Itumeleng Khune, lakini tarehe [[16 Juni]] [[2010]] aliingia kama mchezaji wa akiba dakika ya 79 kuchukua nafasi ya Steven Pienaar, baada ya Khune kutolewa kwa kadi nyekundu dhidi ya [[Uruguay]]. Josephs hakuweza kuzuia [[penalti]] iliyopigwa na [[Diego Forlán]], huku [[Bafana Bafana]] ikipoteza mchezo huo kwa mabao 3–0, mabao mawili yakifungwa na Forlán na bao la muda wa nyongeza likifungwa na Álvaro Pereira. Kusimamishwa kwa Khune kulimaanisha kwamba Josephs alicheza katika mchezo wa mwisho wa Afrika Kusini wa hatua ya makundi dhidi ya [[Ufaransa]], ambapo walishinda 2–1 lakini wakaondolewa katika Kombe la Dunia. Tarehe [[24 Mei]] [[2012]], alitangaza kustaafu kucheza soka la kimataifa. == Maisha binafsi == Josephs anatokea Mitchell's Plain katika Cape Flats. Josephs ni [[Mwislamu]].<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/6146/Moeneeb_Josephs.html</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/1251/moeneeb-josephs</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/moeneeb-josephs/profil/spieler/37726</ref><ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=35068</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/moeneeb-josephs/54428?edicao_id=48259</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] atq43hdjiopthpcqlaq1w8bkqzdyxw4 1594721 1594719 2026-09-06T08:19:15Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1594721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Moeneeb Josephs (cropped).jpg|thumb|Moeneeb Josephs]] '''Moeneeb Josephs''' (''hutamkwa Muh'Neeb''; aliyezaliwa [[19 Mei]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kipa. == Kazi ya klabu == Josephs alianza kazi yake ya soka katika Cape Town Spurs akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 17 mwaka [[1997]] na aliichezea klabu iliyofuata, Ajax Cape Town, kwa miaka saba. Mwaka [[2006]], alihamia Gauteng, ambako aliichezea Bidvest Wits kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kuhamia Orlando Pirates kwa ada ya uhamisho iliyovunja [[rekodi]]. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Josephs aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini katika ngazi ya kimataifa na alikuwa kipa namba moja wa Afrika Kusini katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2008]], akichukua nafasi ya Rowen Fernandez aliyekuwa ameumia. Hakujumuishwa katika kikosi cha mwisho cha [[Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA]] [[2009]], lakini alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] 2010 kwa gharama ya Fernandez. Hakutarajiwa kupata muda mwingi wa kucheza akiwa kipa wa akiba wa Itumeleng Khune, lakini tarehe [[16 Juni]] [[2010]] aliingia kama mchezaji wa akiba dakika ya 79 kuchukua nafasi ya Steven Pienaar, baada ya Khune kutolewa kwa kadi nyekundu dhidi ya [[Uruguay]]. Josephs hakuweza kuzuia [[penalti]] iliyopigwa na [[Diego Forlán]], huku [[Bafana Bafana]] ikipoteza mchezo huo kwa mabao 3–0, mabao mawili yakifungwa na Forlán na bao la muda wa nyongeza likifungwa na Álvaro Pereira. Kusimamishwa kwa Khune kulimaanisha kwamba Josephs alicheza katika mchezo wa mwisho wa Afrika Kusini wa hatua ya makundi dhidi ya [[Ufaransa]], ambapo walishinda 2–1 lakini wakaondolewa katika Kombe la Dunia. Tarehe [[24 Mei]] [[2012]], alitangaza kustaafu kucheza soka la kimataifa. == Maisha binafsi == Josephs anatokea Mitchell's Plain katika Cape Flats. Josephs ni [[Mwislamu]].<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/6146/Moeneeb_Josephs.html</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/1251/moeneeb-josephs</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/moeneeb-josephs/profil/spieler/37726</ref><ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=35068</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/moeneeb-josephs/54428?edicao_id=48259</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} ky6a9y8gkfuj9b6trevclc63vnljkd7 0 248596 1594720 2026-09-06T08:18:37Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Databox}} '''John Daniel Singleton''' (6 Januari 1968 {{ndash}} 28 Aprili 2019) alikuwa mwongoza filamu, mwandishi wa filamu, na mtayarishaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alifanya ulimwengu umtambue alipoandika na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza ya ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' (1991), ambayo ilimfanya ateuliwe kuwania Tuzo za Akademi kama Mwongozaji Bora wa Filamu. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 24, alikuwa [[Wamarekani weusi|Mmamarekani Mweusi]] wa kwanza na mtu mdogo zaidi...' 1594720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Daniel Singleton''' (6 Januari 1968 {{ndash}} 28 Aprili 2019) alikuwa mwongoza filamu, mwandishi wa filamu, na mtayarishaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alifanya ulimwengu umtambue alipoandika na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza ya ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' (1991), ambayo ilimfanya ateuliwe kuwania Tuzo za Akademi kama Mwongozaji Bora wa Filamu. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 24, alikuwa [[Wamarekani weusi|Mmamarekani Mweusi]] wa kwanza na mtu mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuteuliwa katika kategori hiyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How John Singleton Made History as the Oscars' First Black Best Director Nominee|work=IndieWire |date=April 29, 2019 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/john-singleton-oscars-first-black-best-director-nominee-boyz-n-the-hood-1202129312/|access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> Singleton aliendelea kuandika na kuongoza filamu zingine kama vile filamu ya mahaba na tamthilia ya ''[[Poetic Justice (filamu)|Poetic Justice]]'' (1993), tamthilia ya kuelimisha jamii inayohusu maisha ya chuo ya ''[[Higher Learning]]'' (1995), tamthilia ya kihistoria ya ''[[Rosewood (filamu)|Rosewood]]'' (1997), filamu ya jinai ya ''[[Shaft (filamu ya 2000)|Shaft]]'' (2000), tamthilia ya makuzi ya kijana ''[[Baby Boy (filamu)|Baby Boy]]'' (2001), pamoja na filamu za mapigano za ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'' (2003) na ''[[Four Brothers (filamu)|Four Brothers]]'' (2005). Kwenye upande wa televisheni, alishirikiana kuunda tamthilia ya jinai ya ''[[Snowfall (tamthilia)|Snowfall]]'' na kuongoza visa vya vipindi kama ''[[Empire (tamthilia ya 2015)|Empire]]'', ''[[Rebel (tamthilia ya 2017)|Rebel]]'', pamoja na kipindi cha tano cha ''[[The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story]]''. Kupitia kazi hiyo ya mwisho, aliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo za Primetime Emmy]]. Akiwa mmoja wa waongozaji waliofanikiwa na kuleta mapinduzi makubwa katika [[Filamu za Hood|Sinema za Wamarekani Weusi]], Singleton na filamu zake ziliwakilisha maisha ya mijini ya Wamarekani Weusi, akimulika mada kama vile ujanadume wa mtu mweusi, mshtuko wa kisaikolojia, ubaguzi wa rangi, na utambulisho. Mara kwa mara Singleton aliwashirikisha wanamuziki wa rap na waimbaji kwenye nafasi kuu za filamu zake, akiwemo [[Ice Cube]], [[Tupac Shakur]], [[Janet Jackson]], [[Q-Tip (mwanamuziki)|Q-Tip]], [[Busta Rhymes]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Ludacris]], na [[André 3000]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == John Singleton alizaliwa mnamo 6 Januari 1968, huko [[Los Angeles]], akiwa mtoto wa Shelia Ward-Johnson (baadaye Morgan), aliyekuwa afisa mauzo wa kampuni ya dawa, na Danny Singleton, aliyekuwa wakala wa majengo na mshauri wa kifedha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/89/John-Singleton.html |title=John Singleton Biography (1968–) |publisher=Film Reference |access-date=October 8, 2010}}</ref> Katika mahojiano ya mwaka 1993 na jarida la DIRT, Singleton alieleza kuhusu maisha yake ya utotoni kwa kusema: "Nilipokuwa nikikua, vitabu vya vibonzo, michezo ya video, na filamu ndivyo vilivyokuwa hifadhi yangu dhidi ya dawa za kulevya na starehe zote [...] Sikukua na Wazungu wengi. Nilikulia katika mtaa wa watu weusi."<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Chambers|first1=Veronica|date=1993|title=Singleton|magazine=DIRT Magazine|issue=5|page=28}}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Eisenhower, Shule ya Sekondari ya Blair, Chuo cha Pasadena City, na Chuo cha Sanaa za Filamu cha USC. Singleton alijiunga na chama cha wanafunzi cha Beta Omega cha [[Kappa Alpha Psi]] mnamo mwaka 1987, na alitunukiwa shahada yake kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California]] (USC) mnamo 1990. Mwanzo alifikiria kusomea [[sayansi ya kompyuta]], lakini baadaye alijiunga na programu ya Uandishi wa Filamu katika chuo cha USC chini ya Margaret Mehring.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-cntv.usc.edu/about/news/margaret-mehring.htm|publisher=USC School of Cinematic Arts |title=Margaret Mehring |date=September 3, 2008|access-date=October 8, 2010|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819133815/http://www-cntv.usc.edu/about/news/margaret-mehring.htm|archive-date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> Programu hiyo ilitengenezwa ili kuwaandaa wanafunzi kuingia moja kwa moja kwenye mfumo wa Hollywood kama waandishi na waongozaji mahiri. == Filmografia == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! width="65"| [[Mwongozaji wa filamu|Mwongozaji]] ! width="65"| [[Mwandishi]] ! width="65"| [[Mtayarishaji wa filamu|Mtayarishaji]] ! width="65" | Mtayarishaji mkuu wa vibao vya filamu |- | 1991 | ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 1993 | ''[[Poetic Justice (filamu)|Poetic Justice]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 1995 | ''[[Higher Learning]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 1997 | ''[[Rosewood (filamu)|Rosewood]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 2000 | ''[[Shaft (filamu ya 2000)|Shaft]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 2001 | ''[[Baby Boy (filamu)|Baby Boy]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 2003 | ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 2005 | ''[[Four Brothers (filamu)|Four Brothers]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 2011 | ''[[Abduction (filamu ya 2011)|Abduction]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | width="50%" | '''Mtayarishaji pekee''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Maelezo |- | 2005 | ''[[Hustle & Flow]]'' | |- | 2006 | ''[[Black Snake Moan (filamu)|Black Snake Moan]]'' | |- | 2007 | ''[[Illegal Tender (filamu)|Illegal Tender]]'' | Pia msimamizi wa muziki |- | 2008 | ''The Making of Illegal Tender'' | Filamu fupi ya waraka |} | width="50%" | '''Mtayarishaji Mkuu''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Maelezo |- | 1998 | ''[[Woo (filamu)|Woo]]'' | |- | 2004 | ''Time Out'' | Filamu fupi |- | 2014 | ''[[Through a Lens Darkly]]'' | Filamu ya waraka |} |} '''Nafasi za uigizaji''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Wahusika ! Maelezo |- | 1991 | ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' | Tarishi | |- | 1994 | ''[[Beverly Hills Cop III]]'' | Afisa wa zimamoto | |- | 1995 | ''[[Your Studio and You]]'' | Yeye mwenyewe | Filamu fupi; Hajaandikwa kwenye majina |- | 2000 | ''[[Shaft (filamu ya 2000)|Shaft]]'' | Polisi aliyechoka mwenye kikombe cha chai |rowspan=2|Hajaandikwa kwenye majina |- | 2001 | ''[[Baby Boy (filamu)|Baby Boy]]'' | Mtu anayeuza filamu za kukopi |- | 2003 | ''[[Baadasssss!]]'' | Detroit J | |} '''Mchango mwingine''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Wadhifa |- | 2002 | ''sIDney'' | Mshauri wa mwongoza filamu (Mentor) |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1968|2019}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] fst0abknz2wzo84jgrr3ckackgxe1dm 1594764 1594720 2026-09-06T11:40:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1594764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Daniel Singleton''' (6 Januari 1968 {{ndash}} 28 Aprili 2019) alikuwa mwongoza filamu, mwandishi wa filamu, na mtayarishaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alifanya ulimwengu umtambue alipoandika na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza ya ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' (1991), ambayo ilimfanya ateuliwe kuwania Tuzo za Akademi kama Mwongozaji Bora wa Filamu. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 24, alikuwa [[Wamarekani weusi|Mmamarekani Mweusi]] wa kwanza na mtu mdogo zaidi kuwahi kuteuliwa katika kategori hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How John Singleton Made History as the Oscars' First Black Best Director Nominee|work=IndieWire |date=April 29, 2019 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/john-singleton-oscars-first-black-best-director-nominee-boyz-n-the-hood-1202129312/|access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> Singleton aliendelea kuandika na kuongoza filamu zingine kama vile filamu ya mahaba na tamthilia ya ''[[Poetic Justice (filamu)|Poetic Justice]]'' (1993), tamthilia ya kuelimisha jamii inayohusu maisha ya chuo ya ''[[Higher Learning]]'' (1995), tamthilia ya kihistoria ya ''[[Rosewood (filamu)|Rosewood]]'' (1997), filamu ya jinai ya ''[[Shaft (filamu ya 2000)|Shaft]]'' (2000), tamthilia ya makuzi ya kijana ''[[Baby Boy (filamu)|Baby Boy]]'' (2001), pamoja na filamu za mapigano za ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'' (2003) na ''[[Four Brothers (filamu)|Four Brothers]]'' (2005). Kwenye upande wa televisheni, alishirikiana kuunda tamthilia ya jinai ya ''[[Snowfall (tamthilia)|Snowfall]]'' na kuongoza visa vya vipindi kama ''[[Empire (tamthilia ya 2015)|Empire]]'', ''[[Rebel (tamthilia ya 2017)|Rebel]]'', pamoja na kipindi cha tano cha ''[[The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story]]''. Kupitia kazi hiyo ya mwisho, aliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo za Primetime Emmy]]. Akiwa mmoja wa waongozaji waliofanikiwa na kuleta mapinduzi makubwa katika [[Filamu za Hood|Sinema za Wamarekani Weusi]], Singleton na filamu zake ziliwakilisha maisha ya mijini ya Wamarekani Weusi, akimulika mada kama vile ujanadume wa mtu mweusi, mshtuko wa kisaikolojia, ubaguzi wa rangi, na utambulisho. Mara kwa mara Singleton aliwashirikisha wanamuziki wa rap na waimbaji kwenye nafasi kuu za filamu zake, akiwemo [[Ice Cube]], [[Tupac Shakur]], [[Janet Jackson]], [[Q-Tip (mwanamuziki)|Q-Tip]], [[Busta Rhymes]], [[Tyrese Gibson]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Ludacris]], na [[André 3000]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == John Singleton alizaliwa mnamo 6 Januari 1968, huko [[Los Angeles]], akiwa mtoto wa Shelia Ward-Johnson (baadaye Morgan), aliyekuwa afisa mauzo wa kampuni ya dawa, na Danny Singleton, aliyekuwa wakala wa majengo na mshauri wa kifedha.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/89/John-Singleton.html |title=John Singleton Biography (1968–) |publisher=Film Reference |access-date=October 8, 2010}}</ref> Katika mahojiano ya mwaka 1993 na jarida la DIRT, Singleton alieleza kuhusu maisha yake ya utotoni kwa kusema: "Nilipokuwa nikikua, vitabu vya vibonzo, michezo ya video, na filamu ndivyo vilivyokuwa hifadhi yangu dhidi ya dawa za kulevya na starehe zote [...] Sikukua na Wazungu wengi. Nilikulia katika mtaa wa watu weusi."<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Chambers|first1=Veronica|date=1993|title=Singleton|magazine=DIRT Magazine|issue=5|page=28}}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Eisenhower, Shule ya Sekondari ya Blair, Chuo cha Pasadena City, na Chuo cha Sanaa za Filamu cha USC. Singleton alijiunga na chama cha wanafunzi cha Beta Omega cha [[Kappa Alpha Psi]] mnamo mwaka 1987, na alitunukiwa shahada yake kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California]] (USC) mnamo 1990. Mwanzo alifikiria kusomea [[sayansi ya kompyuta]], lakini baadaye alijiunga na programu ya Uandishi wa Filamu katika chuo cha USC chini ya Margaret Mehring.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-cntv.usc.edu/about/news/margaret-mehring.htm|publisher=USC School of Cinematic Arts |title=Margaret Mehring |date=September 3, 2008|access-date=October 8, 2010|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819133815/http://www-cntv.usc.edu/about/news/margaret-mehring.htm|archive-date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> Programu hiyo ilitengenezwa ili kuwaandaa wanafunzi kuingia moja kwa moja kwenye mfumo wa Hollywood kama waandishi na waongozaji mahiri. == Filmografia == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! width="65"| [[Mwongozaji wa filamu|Mwongozaji]] ! width="65"| [[Mwandishi]] ! width="65"| [[Mtayarishaji wa filamu|Mtayarishaji]] ! width="65" | Mtayarishaji mkuu wa vibao vya filamu |- | 1991 | ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 1993 | ''[[Poetic Justice (filamu)|Poetic Justice]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 1995 | ''[[Higher Learning]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 1997 | ''[[Rosewood (filamu)|Rosewood]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 2000 | ''[[Shaft (filamu ya 2000)|Shaft]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 2001 | ''[[Baby Boy (filamu)|Baby Boy]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} |- | 2003 | ''[[2 Fast 2 Furious]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 2005 | ''[[Four Brothers (filamu)|Four Brothers]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |- | 2011 | ''[[Abduction (filamu ya 2011)|Abduction]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} |} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | width="50%" | '''Mtayarishaji pekee''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Maelezo |- | 2005 | ''[[Hustle & Flow]]'' | |- | 2006 | ''[[Black Snake Moan (filamu)|Black Snake Moan]]'' | |- | 2007 | ''[[Illegal Tender (filamu)|Illegal Tender]]'' | Pia msimamizi wa muziki |- | 2008 | ''The Making of Illegal Tender'' | Filamu fupi ya waraka |} | width="50%" | '''Mtayarishaji Mkuu''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Maelezo |- | 1998 | ''[[Woo (filamu)|Woo]]'' | |- | 2004 | ''Time Out'' | Filamu fupi |- | 2014 | ''[[Through a Lens Darkly]]'' | Filamu ya waraka |} |} '''Nafasi za uigizaji''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Wahusika ! Maelezo |- | 1991 | ''[[Boyz n the Hood]]'' | Tarishi | |- | 1994 | ''[[Beverly Hills Cop III]]'' | Afisa wa zimamoto | |- | 1995 | ''[[Your Studio and You]]'' | Yeye mwenyewe | Filamu fupi; Hajaandikwa kwenye majina |- | 2000 | ''[[Shaft (filamu ya 2000)|Shaft]]'' | Polisi aliyechoka mwenye kikombe cha chai |rowspan=2|Hajaandikwa kwenye majina |- | 2001 | ''[[Baby Boy (filamu)|Baby Boy]]'' | Mtu anayeuza filamu za kukopi |- | 2003 | ''[[Baadasssss!]]'' | Detroit J | |} '''Mchango mwingine''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la filamu ! Wadhifa |- | 2002 | ''sIDney'' | Mshauri wa mwongoza filamu (Mentor) |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1968|2019}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] cftocrt4y9f8khvaw9jz3l8ziy5z1ib 0 248597 1594722 2026-09-06T08:34:29Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nhlanhla Brilliant Khuzwayo''' (aliyezaliwa [[9 Februari]] [[1990]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kimataifa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[kipa]], na kufikia Aprili [[2026]] ni [[kocha]] wa makipa wa Mbabane Highlanders. == Taaluma ya uchezaji == Khuzwayo alijiunga na AmaZulu akitokea Durban Warriors [[mwaka]] [[2010]]. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza tarehe [[22 Septemba]] [[2010]] dhidi ya Platinum Stars katika sare ya 2–2. Khuzwayo alicheza mechi mbili zaidi za ligi na kumaliza akiwa na jumla ya mechi tatu. Alitolewa kwa mkopo kwenda katika klabu ya Thanda Royal Zulu inayoshiriki National First Division. Khuzwayo alijiunga na [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]] mwishoni mwa msimu wa [[2011]]–12, akisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitatu ambao ulikamilishwa tarehe [[24 Mei]] [[2012]]. Tarehe 23 Mei 2012, siku moja kabla ya Khuzwayo kusaini, meneja mkuu wa AmaZulu, Peter O'Connor, alipendekeza kwamba ilikuwa kwa manufaa ya mchezaji huyo [[klabu]] ikubali kumruhusu kujiunga na Chiefs. == Taaluma ya ukocha == Mwezi [[Januari]] [[2026]], Khuzwayo alianza taaluma yake ya ukocha akiwa kocha wa makipa wa Mbabane Highlanders. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Khuzwayo ana [[mechi]] 29 za kimataifa katika timu ya Afrika Kusini ya U-23. Alipata mwito wake wa kwanza mwaka 2010 kwa ajili ya ziara ya michezo miwili huko Tehran. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kimataifa kwa Afrika Kusini tarehe 6 Januari 2012 dhidi ya [[Guinea ya Ikweta]]. == Maisha binafsi == Khuzwayo anavaa jezi namba 16 kwa heshima ya [[mama]] yake aliyefariki mwaka 2006 alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16. Tarehe [[20 Septemba]] 2014, wakati wa [[fainali]] ya MTN 8 ya 2014, nyumba ya familia ya Khuzwayo iliyoko P-section, Umlazi, iliibiwa. Shangazi yake, Sibongile Khuzwayo, aliandika kwenye mtandao wa kijamii kwamba pesa na simu za mkononi pekee ndizo zilizoibwa, huku [[televisheni]] na samani nyingine zikiachwa. Tukio hilo halikuripotiwa, kwani [[familia]] ilichagua kulifikisha kwa kampuni yao ya ulinzi.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/46097/Nhlanhla_Khuzwayo.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140914140908/https://www.football.com/en/nhlanhla-khuzwayo/</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/nhlanhla-khuzwayo/profil/spieler/164331</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/football/player/98940/nhlanhla-khuzwayo</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} ff1kws29t8ndpln1byrb7ptoyx1v50l 0 248598 1594723 2026-09-06T08:36:42Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Mario Van Peebles''' (alizaliwa 15 Januari 1957)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/mario-van-peebles|title=Mario Van Peebles's Biography|publisher=The HistoryMakers|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mwigizaji]], na [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza na kuigiza katika filamu maarufu ya jinai na maisha ya mtaani ya ''[[New Jack City]]'' (1991).<...' 1594723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mario Van Peebles''' (alizaliwa 15 Januari 1957)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/mario-van-peebles|title=Mario Van Peebles's Biography|publisher=The HistoryMakers|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mwigizaji]], na [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza na kuigiza katika filamu maarufu ya jinai na maisha ya mtaani ya ''[[New Jack City]]'' (1991).<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Review/Film; High Times In the Era Of Crack|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/08/movies/review-film-high-times-in-the-era-of-crack.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1991-03-08|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Yeye ni mtoto wa mwongoza filamu na mwandishi nguli [[Melvin Van Peebles]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/23/melvin-van-peebles-godfather-of-black-cinema-dies-aged-89|title=Melvin Van Peebles, godfather of Black cinema, dies aged 89|work=The Guardian|date=2021-09-23|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mario Van Peebles alizaliwa [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]].<ref name="historymakers">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/mario-van-peebles|title=Mario Van Peebles Profile|publisher=The HistoryMakers|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Yeye ni mtoto wa mtayarishaji na mwongoza filamu Mmarekani Mweusi Melvin Van Peebles na mwigizaji na mbunifu wa Ujerumani Maria Triana.<ref>{{cite news|title=Melvin Van Peebles, Filmmaker Who Opened Doors for Black Cinema, Dies at 89|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/22/movies/melvin-van-peebles-dead.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2021-09-22|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Alihitimu shahada ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] mnamo mwaka 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/news/2004/05/vanpeebles.html|title=Columbia College Alumni Profile: Mario Van Peebles|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Kazi ya filamu == Van Peebles alianza uigizaji katika filamu ya babake ya mwaka 1971 iliyoitwa ''Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/sweet-sweetbacks-baadasssss-song-melvin-van-peebles-black-power|title=Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song at 50|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Mafanikio yake makubwa kama mwongoza filamu yalikuja mwaka 1991 alipoongoza filamu ya ''New Jack City'', ambayo ilikuwa moja ya filamu zilizopata mafanikio makubwa katika mtindo wa [[Filamu za Hood|filamu za Hood]] na sinema za Wamarekani Weusi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0102526/|title=New Jack City Box Office|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Pia aliongoza na kuigiza katika filamu ya magharibi (Western) ya ''Posse'' (1993)<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Posse movie review & film summary (1993)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/posse-1993|publisher=RogerEbert.com|date=1993-05-14|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> na filamu ya kihistoria ya ''Panther'' (1995) inayoelezea historia ya chama cha Black Panther Party.<ref>{{cite news|title=FILM REVIEW; A Personal View of the Black Panthers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/03/movies/film-review-a-personal-view-of-the-black-panthers.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1995-05-03|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Filmografia iliyochaguliwa == === Kama Mwongoza Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Maelezo |- | 1991 | ''[[New Jack City]]'' | Pia aliigiza kama Stone |- | 1993 | ''[[Posse (filamu)|Posse]]'' | Pia aliigiza kama Jesse Lee |- | 1995 | ''[[Panther (filamu)|Panther]]'' | Pia mtayarishaji |- | 2003 | ''[[Baadasssss!]]'' | Pia mwandishi, mtayarishaji, na aliigiza kama babake (Melvin Van Peebles) |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1957}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Marekani]] 7gnlbww7dmqchxoqb7p5g9qs93ehem1 1594724 1594723 2026-09-06T08:38:10Z Muddyb 379 1594724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mario Van Peebles''' (alizaliwa 15 Januari 1957)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/mario-van-peebles|title=Mario Van Peebles's Biography|publisher=The HistoryMakers|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mwigizaji]], na [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza na kuigiza katika filamu maarufu ya jinai na maisha ya mtaani ya ''[[New Jack City]]'' (1991).<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Review/Film; High Times In the Era Of Crack|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/08/movies/review-film-high-times-in-the-era-of-crack.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1991-03-08|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Mario ni mtoto wa mwongozaji filamu na mwandishi nguli [[Melvin Van Peebles]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/23/melvin-van-peebles-godfather-of-black-cinema-dies-aged-89|title=Melvin Van Peebles, godfather of Black cinema, dies aged 89|work=The Guardian|date=2021-09-23|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mario Van Peebles alizaliwa [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]].<ref name="historymakers">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/mario-van-peebles|title=Mario Van Peebles Profile|publisher=The HistoryMakers|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Yeye ni mtoto wa mtayarishaji na mwongoza filamu Mmarekani Mweusi Melvin Van Peebles na mwigizaji na mbunifu wa Ujerumani Maria Triana.<ref>{{cite news|title=Melvin Van Peebles, Filmmaker Who Opened Doors for Black Cinema, Dies at 89|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/22/movies/melvin-van-peebles-dead.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2021-09-22|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Alihitimu shahada ya uchumi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia]] mnamo mwaka 1978.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/news/2004/05/vanpeebles.html|title=Columbia College Alumni Profile: Mario Van Peebles|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Kazi ya filamu == Van Peebles alianza uigizaji katika filamu ya babake ya mwaka 1971 iliyoitwa ''Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/sweet-sweetbacks-baadasssss-song-melvin-van-peebles-black-power|title=Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song at 50|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Mafanikio yake makubwa kama mwongoza filamu yalikuja mwaka 1991 alipoongoza filamu ya ''New Jack City'', ambayo ilikuwa moja ya filamu zilizopata mafanikio makubwa katika mtindo wa [[Filamu za Hood|filamu za Hood]] na sinema za Wamarekani Weusi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0102526/|title=New Jack City Box Office|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Pia aliongoza na kuigiza katika filamu ya magharibi (Western) ya ''Posse'' (1993)<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Posse movie review & film summary (1993)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/posse-1993|publisher=RogerEbert.com|date=1993-05-14|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> na filamu ya kihistoria ya ''Panther'' (1995) inayoelezea historia ya chama cha Black Panther Party.<ref>{{cite news|title=FILM REVIEW; A Personal View of the Black Panthers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/03/movies/film-review-a-personal-view-of-the-black-panthers.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1995-05-03|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Filmografia iliyochaguliwa == === Kama mwongozaji filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Maelezo |- | 1991 | ''[[New Jack City]]'' | Pia aliigiza kama Stone |- | 1993 | ''[[Posse (filamu)|Posse]]'' | Pia aliigiza kama Jesse Lee |- | 1995 | ''[[Panther (filamu)|Panther]]'' | Pia mtayarishaji |- | 2003 | ''[[Baadasssss!]]'' | Pia mwandishi, mtayarishaji, na aliigiza kama babake (Melvin Van Peebles) |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1957}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Marekani]] akuqahsivx9fs4yrdi9zo8t7ny9zhkc 0 248599 1594725 2026-09-06T08:45:50Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Hughes Brothers''' (Albert Hughes na Allen Hughes; wote walizaliwa 1 Aprili 1972) ni [[Mwongozaji wa filamu|waongozaji wa filamu]], [[Mtayarishaji wa filamu|watayarishaji wa filamu]], na [[Mwandishi wa filamu|waandishi wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Wanajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza filamu maarufu za kijamii na za mapigano kama vile ''[[Menace II Society]]'' (1993), ''[[Dead Presidents]]'' (1995), na ''[[The Book of Eli]]'' (2010). == Maish...' 1594725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hughes Brothers''' (Albert Hughes na Allen Hughes; wote walizaliwa 1 Aprili 1972) ni [[Mwongozaji wa filamu|waongozaji wa filamu]], [[Mtayarishaji wa filamu|watayarishaji wa filamu]], na [[Mwandishi wa filamu|waandishi wa filamu]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Wanajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza filamu maarufu za kijamii na za mapigano kama vile ''[[Menace II Society]]'' (1993), ''[[Dead Presidents]]'' (1995), na ''[[The Book of Eli]]'' (2010). == Maisha ya awali == Albert na Allen Hughes walizaliwa mnamo 1 Aprili 1972 huko [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. Baba yao ni Mmarekani Mweusi na mama yao, Aida, ni Mmarekani mwenye asili ya Armenia kutoka Iran. Wazazi hao walitengana walipokuwa na umri wa miaka miwili. Mama yao aliwalea peke yake na kuwahimiza katika hamu yao ya kutengeneza filamu, akawanunulia kamera ya video walipokuwa na umri wa miaka 12.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/hughes-brothers-p187884|title=Hughes Brothers Biography|publisher=AllMovie|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Kazi ya filamu == Walitoka katika kutengeneza video za muziki wa hip hop na kupata mafanikio makubwa katika sinema ya kwanza waliyoongoza ya ''[[Menace II Society]]'' (1993), wakiwa na umri wa miaka 20 pekee.<ref>{{cite news|title=Menace II Society Movie Review|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/26/movies/review-film-menace-ii-society.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-05-26|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ilipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wachambuzi na ikawa moja ya filamu zilizoweka misingi mikuu ya [[Filamu za Hood|filamu za Hood]]. Baadaye walifuatia na igizo la filamu ya uhalifu ya ''[[Dead Presidents]]'' (1995), filamu kuhusu biashara ya ngono ya ''[[American Pimp]]'' (1999), na filamu ya kutisha ya ''[[From Hell (filamu)|From Hell]]'' (2001) iliyotokana na riwaya ya picha. Mwaka 2010 waliongoza filamu ya sayansi ya kufikirika ya ''[[The Book of Eli]]'' iliyomshirikisha [[Denzel Washington]]. Baada ya filamu hiyo, ndugu hao walianza kufanya kazi za uongozaji mmoja-mmoja kwenye miradi mbalimbali. == Filmografia iliyochaguliwa == === Kama waongozaji wa filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Waongozaji ! Waandishi ! Watayarishaji ! Maelezo |- | 1993 | ''[[Menace II Society]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | Pia walionekana kama waigizaji wadogo |- | 1995 | ''[[Dead Presidents]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | |- | 1999 | ''[[American Pimp]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Filamu ya waraka |- | 2001 | ''[[From Hell (filamu)|From Hell]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |- | 2010 | ''[[The Book of Eli]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1972}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa filamu wa Marekani]] aczkakds753ch9lfsrmtlcqokg12qiy 14 248600 1594726 2026-09-06T08:46:38Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Waandishi nchi kwa nchi]]' 1594726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Waandishi nchi kwa nchi]] hdm5afzsa5k9lo5v6riemagak6ismxf 0 248601 1594727 2026-09-06T08:49:39Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bongokuhle 'Bongi' Hlongwane - MNUFC - Allianz Field - MLS - (52125526845).jpg|thumb|Bongokuhle Bongi Hlongwane]] '''Bongokuhle "Bongi" Hlongwane''' (aliyezaliwa [[20 Juni]] [[2000]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] katika [[klabu]] ya Minnesota United inayoshiriki Major League Soccer, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Kazi ya klabu == === Maritzburg United === Hlongwane alikulia Nxamalala, akisoma katika Umthoqotho High School, Sweetwaters, Pietermaritzburg, na aliichezea Nxamalala Fast XI katika SAFA Regional League kabla ya kujiunga na akademi ya Maritzburg United. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kwa klabu hiyo katika kichapo cha 1–0 dhidi ya Orlando Pirates mwezi [[Aprili]] [[2019]], na akafunga bao lake la kwanza kwa klabu hiyo mwezi mmoja baadaye dhidi ya Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila katika michezo ya mchujo wa kushuka daraja. Aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Msimu wa South African Premier Division kwa msimu wa 2020–21. Mwezi Julai 2021, alisaini [[mkataba]] mpya wa mwaka mmoja na klabu hiyo. === Minnesota United === Tarehe [[5 Januari]] [[2022]], klabu ya MLS, Minnesota United, ilitangaza kumsajili Hlongwane kwa mkataba wa miaka mitatu wenye chaguo la klabu kuongeza mkataba kwa mwaka mmoja. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Hlongwane aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini mwezi [[Julai]] [[2019]], na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kimataifa tarehe 28 Julai akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba katika kichapo cha 3–2 dhidi ya Lesotho. Tarehe [[8 Juni]] [[2021]], alicheza mechi yake ya pili na kufanya mechi yake ya kwanza akiwa katika kikosi cha kwanza cha Afrika Kusini dhidi ya [[Uganda]], ambapo alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kimataifa baada ya mpira kubadilisha mwelekeo kwa bahati katika ushindi wa 3–2. Tarehe [[6 Septemba]] 2021, alifunga dhidi ya [[Ghana]] katika mchezo wa kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia]], huku Afrika Kusini ikishinda 1–0. == Mtindo wa uchezaji == Hlongwane amesifiwa kwa kasi yake, bidii na ustadi wake, huku meneja Adrian Heath akisema: “Ana kasi ya kulipuka sana, lakini pia anatafuta kushirikiana na kujenga mchezo pamoja na wachezaji wenzake. Tunapenda vipaji vyake vya asili, lakini uelewa wake wa mchezo wa soka ni wa kipekee.” == Maisha binafsi == Hlongwane ana kadi ya ukaazi wa kudumu nchini [[Marekani]] (green card).<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe607644/</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/players/bongokuhle-hlongwane/</ref><ref>https://www.sowetan.co.za/sport/soccer/2019-07-29-hlongwane-on-fast-track-to-success/</ref><ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/story/i-want-to-play-for-the-netherlands-bayern-leverkusens-jeremie-frimpong-rejects-ghana-2024081309014016969</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 3flr6ah58lxp9uaogezmroht9hugxft 0 248602 1594728 2026-09-06T08:54:25Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee''' (alizaliwa 20 Machi 1957)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/filmmaker/spike-lee|title=Spike Lee Biography|publisher=Biography.com|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]], [[mwandishi wa filamu]], na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kupitia kampuni yake ya usambazaji ya 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, ametengeneza zaidi wa filamu 35 tangu mwaka 1983. Ana...' 1594728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee''' (alizaliwa 20 Machi 1957)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/filmmaker/spike-lee|title=Spike Lee Biography|publisher=Biography.com|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> ni [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]], [[mwandishi wa filamu]], na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kupitia kampuni yake ya usambazaji ya 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks, ametengeneza zaidi wa filamu 35 tangu mwaka 1983. Anajulikana sana kwa kazi zake zinazochunguza mahusiano ya kijamii na kirangi, ubaguzi wa rangi, umasikini, na masuala ya kisiasa katika jamii ya [[Wamarekani Weusi]]. Alifanya ulimwengu umtambue alipotoa filamu ya ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'' (1989), ambayo iliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo za Akademi]] katika kategori ya Mwandishi Bora wa Filamu. Pia anajulikana kwa kuongoza filamu za kihistoria na za maisha ya watu kama vile ''[[Malcolm X (filamu)|Malcolm X]]'' (1992), ''[[25th Hour]]'' (2002), ''[[Inside Man]]'' (2006), na ''[[BlacKkKlansman]]'' (2018), ambayo ilimfanya ajishindie Tuzo ya Akademi ya Mwandishi Bora wa Filamu inayotokana kisa fulani cha aidha kitabu ama chanzo kingine chochote mbali na filamu husika.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chow|first=Andrew R.|title=Spike Lee Wins His First Competitive Oscar for BlacKkKlansman|url=https://time.com/5536302/spike-lee-oscars-win-blackkklansman/|newspaper=Time|date=2019-02-24|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Spike Lee alizaliwa [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]]. Mama yake, Jacqueline Carroll, alikuwa mwalimu wa fasihi na sanaa, na baba yake, Bill Lee, alikuwa mwanamuziki wa jazz na mtunzi wa nyimbo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Spike-Lee|title=Spike Lee Profile|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Familia yake ilihamia Brooklyn, New York, alipokuwa mtoto mdogo. Alihitimu shahada yake ya kwanza katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Morehouse]], chuo cha kihistoria cha Wamarekani Weusi, ambapo alitengeneza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi. Baadaye alipata shahada ya umahiri katika sanaa ya filamu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New York (Tisch School of the Arts). == Kazi ya filamu == Filamu yake ya kwanza ya urefu wa kawaida ilikuwa ''[[She's Gotta Have It]]'' (1986), iliyogharimu kiasi kidogo cha fedha lakini ikapata mafanikio makubwa katika masanduku ya tiketi. Mwaka 1989, alitoa filamu ya ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'', iliyoelezea mvutano wa kirangi katika mtaa mmoja wa Brooklyn wakati wa siku ya joto kali, filamu inayochukuliwa hadi leo kama moja ya kazi bora zaidi katika historia ya sinema za Marekani.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Do the Right Thing movie review (1989)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-do-the-right-thing-1989|publisher=RogerEbert.com|date=1989-06-30|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Lee amekuwa nguzo kuu katika maendeleo ya [[Filamu za Hood|Sinema za Wamarekani Weusi]] na mara nyingi huchukua nafasi za uigizaji katika filamu zake mwenyewe, maarufu zaidi ikiwa ni mhusika "Mookie" katika ''Do the Right Thing''. == Filmografia iliyochaguliwa == === Kama Mwongozaji wa Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Mwongozaji ! Mwandishi ! Mtayarishaji ! Maelezo |- | 1986 | ''[[She's Gotta Have It]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Pia aliigiza kama Mars Blackmon |- | 1989 | ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Pia aliigiza kama Mookie |- | 1991 | ''[[Jungle Fever]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Pia aliigiza kama Cyrus |- | 1992 | ''[[Malcolm X (filamu)|Malcolm X]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Pia aliigiza kama Shorty |- | 1995 | ''[[Clockers (filamu)|Clockers]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Pia aliigiza kama Chicky |- | 2002 | ''[[25th Hour]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | |- | 2006 | ''[[Inside Man]]'' | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |- | 2018 | ''[[BlacKkKlansman]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Alijishindia Tuzo ya Akademi |- | 2020 | ''[[Da 5 Bloods]]'' | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Filamu ya [[Netflix]] |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1957}} [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji Filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa filamu wa Marekani]] ntduo93s7znvmfm4tc49prwlpoip5ni 0 248603 1594729 2026-09-06T09:00:35Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Mwandishi wa filamu''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''screenwriter'' au ''scriptwriter'') ni mtu anayeandika mswada wa filamu (script au screenplay) unaotumika kama msingi wa kutengeneza [[filamu]], [[tamthilia]], au vipindi vya [[televisheni]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/screenwriting|title=Screenwriting |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Mwandishi wa filamu anaweza kuandika hadithi mpya kabisa au...' 1594729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mwandishi wa filamu''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''screenwriter'' au ''scriptwriter'') ni mtu anayeandika mswada wa filamu (script au screenplay) unaotumika kama msingi wa kutengeneza [[filamu]], [[tamthilia]], au vipindi vya [[televisheni]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/screenwriting|title=Screenwriting |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Mwandishi wa filamu anaweza kuandika hadithi mpya kabisa au kurekebisha kazi iliyopo tayari kama vile [[riwaya]], [[tamthilia]] ya jukwaani, au matukio halisi ya kihistoria ili iendane na muundo wa filamu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Field|first=Syd|title=Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting|publisher=Delta|year=2005|isbn=978-0385339032}}</ref> == Kazi na majukumu == Mwandishi wa filamu ndiye anayeumba misingi mikuu ya kazi ya sinema kabla ya utayarishaji kuanza.<ref>{{cite book|last=McKee|first=Robert|title=Story: Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting|publisher=ReganBooks|year=1997|isbn=978-0060391683}}</ref> Majukumu yake makuu ni pamoja na: * Kuunda muundo wa hadithi: Kupanga mwanzo, katikati, na mwisho wa hadithi ili ivutie watazamaji. * Kuumba wahusika: Kuweka tabia, sura, saikolojia, na mazingira ya wahusika wa filamu. * Kuandika mazungumzo (dayalojia): Kuandika maneno yote yanayosemwa na waigizaji wakati wa ushirikishwaji wao kwenye filamu. * Maelezo ya taswira: Kuandika maelezo ya kina ya matendo, hisia, na mazingira ili kumwezesha [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] na mpiga picha kuelewa muonekano wa kila eneo. == Tofauti kati ya mwandishi wa filamu na mwandishi wa riwaya == Tofauti na mwandishi wa riwaya anayeandika maneno kwa ajili ya kusomwa moja kwa moja na msomaji, mwandishi wa filamu huandika mswada kama mwongozo wa kiufundi. Mswada wa filamu hutumiwa na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]], [[waigizaji]], na timu ya ufundi (kama vile wapiga picha na wasimamizi wa sauti) ili kubadilisha maandishi hayo kuwa picha na sauti kwenye skrini. == Mchakato wa uandishi == Mara nyingi mchakato wa kuandika filamu hupitia hatua kadhaa: 1. Wazo kuu (Logline & Synopsis): Muhtasari mfupi wa wazo la filamu. 2. Muhtasari wa matukio (Treatment): Maelezo marefu zaidi yanayoeleza mtiririko wa hadithi kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho bila kuweka mazungumzo ya wahusika. 3. Rasimu ya kwanza (First Draft): Mswada kamili wenye mazungumzo na maelezo ya picha. 4. Uhariri na marekebisho: Mswada hurudiwa kuandikwa mara kadhaa kulingana na maoni ya mwongozaji au [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]]. == Waandishi wa filamu maarufu duniani == === Afrika === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. ! Jina la Mwandishi ! Nchi ! Kazi Maarufu |- | 1 | [[Ousmane Sembène]] | Senegal | ''La Noire de...'' (1966), ''Camp de Thiaroye'' (1988) |- | 2 | [[Tsitsi Dangarembga]] | Zimbabwe | ''Neria'' (1993), ''Everyone's Child'' (1996) |- | 3 | [[Suleyman Cissé]] | Mali | ''Yeelen'' (1987), ''Waati'' (1995) |- | 4 | [[Wanuri Kahiu]] | Kenya | ''Pumzi'' (2009), ''Rafiki'' (2018) |- | 5 | [[Gavin Hood]] | Afrika Kusini | ''Tsotsi'' (2005), ''Eye in the Sky'' (2015) |- | 6 | [[Kunle Afolayan]] | Nigeria | ''The Figurine'' (2009), ''October 1'' (2014) |- | 7 | [[Youssef Chahine]] | Misri | ''Cairo Station'' (1958), ''The Destiny'' (1997) |- | 8 | [[Abderrahmane Sissako]] | Mauritania | ''Timbuktu'' (2014), ''Bamako'' (2006) |- | 9 | [[Akatani K. Choppy]] | Uganda | ''The Girl in the Yellow Jumper'' (2020) |- | 10 | [[Amil Shivji]] | Tanzania | ''Vuta N'Kuvute'' (2021) |} === Amerika === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. ! Jina la Mwandishi ! Nchi ! Kazi Maarufu |- | 1 | [[Quentin Tarantino]] | Marekani | ''Pulp Fiction'' (1994), ''Django Unchained'' (2012) |- | 2 | [[Spike Lee]] | Marekani | ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989), ''BlacKkKlansman'' (2018) |- | 3 | [[Aaron Sorkin]] | Marekani | ''The Social Network'' (2010), ''A Few Good Men'' (1992) |- | 4 | [[Guillermo del Toro]] | Mexiko | ''Pan's Labyrinth'' (2006), ''The Shape of Water'' (2017) |- | 5 | [[Jordan Peele]] | Marekani | ''Get Out'' (2017), ''Us'' (2019) |- | 6 | [[John Singleton]] | Marekani | ''Boyz n the Hood'' (1991) |- | 7 | [[Alfonso Cuarón]] | Mexiko | ''Y tu mamá también'' (2001), ''Roma'' (2018) |- | 8 | [[Nora Ephron]] | Marekani | ''When Harry Met Sally...'' (1989), ''Sleepless in Seattle'' (1993) |- | 9 | [[Charlie Kaufman]] | Marekani | ''Being John Malkovich'' (1999), ''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'' (2004) |- | 10 | [[Coen brothers]] (Joel na Ethan Coen) | Marekani | ''Fargo'' (1996), ''No Country for Old Men'' (2007) |} === Asia === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Na. ! Jina la Mwandishi ! Nchi ! Kazi Maarufu |- | 1 | [[Bong Joon-ho]] | Korea Kusini | ''Parasite'' (2019), ''Memories of Murder'' (2003) |- | 2 | [[Akira Kurosawa]] | Japani | ''Rashomon'' (1950), ''Seven Samurai'' (1954) |- | 3 | [[Satyajit Ray]] | India | ''Pather Panchali'' (1955), ''The Apu Trilogy'' |- | 4 | [[Asghar Farhadi]] | Iran | ''A Separation'' (2011), ''The Salesman'' (2016) |- | 5 | [[Wong Kar-wai]] | Hong Kong | ''In the Mood for Love'' (2000), ''Chungking Express'' (1994) |- | 6 | [[Hayao Miyazaki]] | Japani | ''Spirited Away'' (2001), ''Princess Mononoke'' (1997) |- | 7 | [[Ryusuke Hamaguchi]] | Japani | ''Drive My Car'' (2021) |- | 8 | [[Javaneh Hemmat]] | Iran | ''The Circle'' (2000) |- | 9 | [[Salim–Javed]] (Salim Khan na Javed Akhtar) | India | ''Sholay'' (1975), ''Deewaar'' (1975) |- | 10 | [[Park Chan-wook]] | Korea Kusini | ''Oldboy'' (2003), ''Decision to Leave'' (2022) |} == Tazama pia == * [[Filamu]] * [[Mwongozaji wa filamu]] * [[Mtayarishaji wa filamu]] * [[Mwigizaji]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] o66gwknqftj2ah4ji0pnutz6yq9w8sg 0 248604 1594730 2026-09-06T09:04:57Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekotori Evidence Makgopa''' (aliyezaliwa [[5 Juni]] [[2000]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] katika [[klabu]] ya Orlando Pirates inayoshiriki South African Premiership, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. Aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini ya U-23 katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya [[2020]]. == Maisha ya awali == Makgopa alizaliwa GaMampa, karibu na Burgersfort katika Limpopo. Alisoma katika Poo Secondary School. == Kazi ya klabu == Makgopa aligunduliwa na Baroka [[mwaka]] [[2018]], na alipandishwa kutoka kikosi cha maendeleo kwenda katika kikosi cha kwanza cha [[klabu]] hiyo mwezi [[Januari]] [[2020]]. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza kwa klabu hiyo tarehe [[23 Februari]] 2020 katika sare ya 2–2 ya Nedbank Cup dhidi ya Hungry Lions; Makgopa alifunga bao la pili la timu yake na wakaenda katika raundi iliyofuata baada ya kushinda katika mikwaju ya [[penalti]]. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ligi tarehe [[1 Machi]] 2020 katika kichapo cha 2–1 dhidi ya Bloemfontein Celtic. Wiki iliyofuata, alifunga mabao yake ya kwanza ya [[ligi]] kwa klabu hiyo, akifunga mabao mawili katika ushindi wa 2–0 dhidi ya Black Leopards. Katika msimu wa [[2019]]–20, alicheza mechi 11 katika mashindano yote akiwa na Baroka na kufunga mabao 5. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe [[8 Juni]] 2021, Makgopa alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Afrika Kusini akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba dhidi ya [[Uganda]], na akafunga mabao mawili katika ushindi wa 3–2. Aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini ya U-23 katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya 2020, ambapo alifunga bao moja katika mechi tatu. Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] [[2025]], Makgopa aliitwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2025. Tarehe [[28 Mei]] [[2026]], alichaguliwa na kocha Hugo Broos kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] [[2026]]. == Mafanikio == Orlando Pirates * South African Premiership: 2025–26 * Nedbank Cup: 2022–23, 2023–24 * MTN 8: 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26 * Carling Knockout Cup: 2025–26 Afrika Kusini * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika, nafasi ya tatu: 2023 <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/makgopa-evidence/riFLkbEo/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe678090/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/82962/Evidence_Makgopa.html</ref><ref>https://fbref.com/en/players/4d76d03b/Evidence-Makgopa</ref><ref>https://www.kicker.de/evidence-makgopa/spieler</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} s7pixcrh76t4tjdjpay4a60eqa010oj 0 248605 1594731 2026-09-06T09:15:43Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Filamu 2 | jina = Menace II Society | picha = Menace II Society.JPG | maelezo = Poster la kutolewa kwenye kumbi za sinema | mwongozaji = [[Hughes Brothers|The Hughes Brothers]] | mtunzi = Tyger Williams | hadithi = {{Plainlist| * Allen Hughes * Albert Hughes * Tyger Williams }} | mtayarishaji = [[Darin Scott]] | nyota = {{Plainlist| * [[Tyrin Turner]] * [[Jada Pinkett]] * [[Bill Duke]] * C...' 1594731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Menace II Society | picha = Menace II Society.JPG | maelezo = Poster la kutolewa kwenye kumbi za sinema | mwongozaji = [[Hughes Brothers|The Hughes Brothers]] | mtunzi = Tyger Williams | hadithi = {{Plainlist| * Allen Hughes * Albert Hughes * Tyger Williams }} | mtayarishaji = [[Darin Scott]] | nyota = {{Plainlist| * [[Tyrin Turner]] * [[Jada Pinkett]] * [[Bill Duke]] * [[Charles S. Dutton]] }} | muziki = [[Quincy Jones III|QD III]] | sinematografia = [[Lisa Rinzler]] | mhariri = Christopher Koefoed | msambazaji = [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |title=MENACE II SOCIETY (1993) |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/59599 |website=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> | imetolewa = {{Film date|1993|5|26}} | muda = Dakika 97 | nchi = Marekani | lugha = Kiingereza | bajeti = Dola milioni 3.5<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jr |first=Henry Louis Gates |date=1994-03-14 |title=The Realness of “Menace II Society” |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1994/03/21/the-realness-of-menace-ii-society |access-date=2026-03-18 |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref> | mapato = Dola milioni 30<ref name=ww>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=M-56|date=October 17, 1994|title=Top 100 grossers worldwide, '93-94}}</ref> }} '''''Menace II Society''''' (hutamkwa kama "Menace 2 Society") ni igizo la filamu la uhalifu na maisha ya mtaani kutoka [[Marekani]] iliyotolewa mwaka wa 1993. Filamu hii iliongozwa na [[Hughes Brothers|Hughes Brothers]] (Albert na Allen Hughes) katika kazi yao ya kwanza ya uongozaji, na kuandikwa na Tyger Williams kulingana na hadithi iliyotungwa na Hughes Brothers pamoja na Williams. Filamu hii inawashirikisha waigizaji kama [[Tyrin Turner]], [[Larenz Tate]], [[Jada Pinkett Smith]], [[Arnold Johnson]], [[MC Eiht]], na [[Samuel L. Jackson]]. Inasimulia maisha ya Kaydee "Caine" Lawson na rafiki zake wa karibu wanapojaribu kunusurika kwenye mazingira ya umaskini, madawa ya kulevya, na vurugu za magenge ya mtaani katika mtaa wa Watts, [[Los Angeles]]. ''Menace II Society'' inachukuliwa kuwa moja ya filamu zilizoweka misingi mikuu ya [[Filamu za Hood|filamu za Hood]] na sinema za Wamarekani Weusi katika miaka ya 1990.<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Review/Film; Hard Town, Hard Men, Hard Decisions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/26/movies/review-film-hard-town-hard-men-hard-decisions.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-05-26|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Filamu ilipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wachambuzi wa filamu kwa ajili ya uonyeshaji wake wa uhalisia usio na urembo kuhusu maisha ya mtaani, maonyesho ya waigizaji, na mtindo wa uongozaji. == Hadithi == Kaydee "Caine" Lawson na rafiki yake wa karibu Kevin "O-Dog" Anderson wanaingia kwenye duka la vinywaji kununua pombe, lakini muuzaji mwenye asili ya [[Korea]] na mke wake wanawashinikiza wanunue vinywaji vyao haraka na kuondoka. Wanapokuwa wanaondoka, muuzaji huyo anamtukana O-Dog kwa makusudi kwa kumwambia, "Namhurumia mama yako." Kwa hasira, O-Dog anampiga risasi na kumuua muuzaji huyo pamoja na mke wake. Kisha anachukua mkanda wa kamera za ulinzi (CCTV), anaiba mkoba wa fedha wa muuzaji na fedha zilizopo kwenye droo, kisha anatoroka na Caine. Kwenye kumbukumbu rejea, Caine anakumbuka kuwa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 10, aliwapoteza wazazi wake Tat na Karen; baba yake aliuawa kwenye biashara ya [[dawa za kulevya]] iliyoharibika na mama yake alifariki kwa kuzidisha kipimo cha dawa za kulevya aina ya [[heroin]]. James "Pernell" Richards, mshirika wa biashara wa Tat na "mjomba" wa Caine, alifungwa jela na anatumikia kifungo cha maisha. Hali hii ilipelekea babu na bibi yake Caine kumlea katika makazi ya nyumba za ushirika za [[Jordan Downs]] zenye kiwango kikubwa cha uhalifu, ambapo alikutana na O-Dog na wawili hao hatimaye wakajiunga na genge la mtaani. Miaka kadhaa baadaye, Caine anahitimu elimu ya sekondari. Katika kusherehekea, yeye na binamu yake Harold wanahudhuria sherehe, ambapo O-Dog anaonyesha mkanda wa kamera za ulinzi kwa kundi la marafiki zao wa karibu, jambo linalomkasirisha sana Caine. Baadaye, wawili hao wanapokuwa wanaondoka kwenye sherehe hiyo, majambazi wa kuteka magari wanawavizia, na kumuua Harold huku wakimjeruhi Caine. Baada ya kubaini mahali walipo majambazi hao, Caine, O-Dog, na rafiki yao A-Wax wanawavizia na kuwapiga risasi na kuwaua, wakilipiza kisasi cha kifo cha Harold. Muda fulani baadaye, Caine anatembelea Ronnie, mpenzi mdogo wa Pernell, na kujenga uhusiano wa karibu na mtoto wake mdogo Anthony. Usiku mmoja, Chauncey (rafiki wa Caine na O-Dog), anawaagiza waibe gari la gharama kubwa kutoka kwenye karakana ya maegesho, lakini wanakamatwa na polisi. O-Dog anaachiriwa, lakini Caine anazuiliwa baada ya alama zake za vidole kufanana na zile zilizopatikana kwenye chupa ya bia iliyoangushwa wakati wa mauaji ya duka la vinywaji. Wakati wa mahojiano, upelelezi unajaribu kumchanganya Caine kwa kubadilisha maswali mara kwa mara, lakini hatimaye Caine anaachiwa. Marafiki wengine wa Caine, Stacy na Sharif, wanammwalika aambatane nao kuelekea [[Kansas]], lakini anakataa, akihofia kwamba hatamudu kuishi nje ya maisha yake ya uhalifu aliyoyazoea. Babu yake mwenye misingi ya kidini pamoja na Bw. Butler (baba yake Sharif na mwalimu wa shule) wote wanamsihi abadili mwenendo wake ili asije akafungwa au kuuawa. Caine anaanza kununua na kupika kiasi kikubwa cha kokeni, na haraka anakuwa muuzaji na mwanachama sugu wa genge hilo. Anateka hisia za msichana wa eneo hilo anayeitwa Ilena na kufanya naye ngono. Usiku mmoja, polisi wanamsimamisha na kumshambulia yeye na Sharif kabla ya kuwatupa kwa makusudi kwenye mtaa wa [[Wamarekani wenye asili ya Hispania|Wakispania]], wakitarajia watashambuliwa zaidi na wanagenge wa Kispani. Kwa kushangaza, wanagenge hao wanawapeleka [[hospitali]] kwa huruma. Wakati akiwa hospitali, Ronnie anammwalika Caine aambatane naye kuelekea [[Atlanta]] kwenye kazi yake mpya ya ukatibu. Ingawa mwanzoni alisita, hatimaye anakubali. Kwenye sherehe moja, Caine anamwona Chauncey akiwa amelewa na kumfanyia Ronnie vitendo vya udhalilishaji wa kijinsia. Kwa hasira, Caine anampiga Chauncey kwa kitako cha bunduki, lakini anazuiliwa haraka na Stacy pamoja na Sharif. Kwa kulipiza kisasi, Chauncey anatuma nakala yake ya mkanda wa kamera za ulinzi kwa polisi. Ilena anampigia simu Caine kumtaarifu kuhusu ujauzito wake, lakini Caine anakataa uwepo wa mimba hiyo na kumfukuza. Ronnie na Caine wanamtembelea Pernell aliyeko gerezani, ambaye anamhimiza Caine kuwa mfano bora kwa Anthony na kuhamia Atlanta. Baadaye, Caine anarudi nyumbani, lakini binamu wa Ilena mwenye tabia za kiharifu anamfuata nje ya nyumba yake. Mjadala kuhusu Ilena na ujauzito wake unazuka, na kumfanya Caine kumpiga na kumkanyaga kwa brutal binamu wa Ilena mbele ya majirani waliokuwa wanashuhudia. Babu yake Caine anatoka nje haraka, anamzuia Caine na kumwingiza ndani. Baada ya kuchoshwa na tabia za Caine za vurugu na matatizo, babu na bibi yake Caine wanammfukuza nyumbani mwao, kujapokuwa na maombi yake ya kubaki hadi atakapoondoka kuelekea Atlanta. Baada ya kujua kutoka kwa rafiki yao Doc kuhusu usaliti wa Chauncey, Caine na O-Dog ambao sasa wanatafutwa na polisi wanatafuta hifadhi nyumbani kwa Ronnie na marafiki wengine. O-Dog anaapa kulipiza kisasi kwa Chauncey wakati binamu wa Ilena anakusanya marafiki zake ili kulipiza kisasi kwa Caine. Wakati Caine na Ronnie wakijiandaa kuondoka kuelekea Atlanta, binamu wa Ilena na marafiki zake wanakaribia nyumba ya Ronnie na kufanya shambulio la risasi kutokea kwenye gari linalotembea (drive-by shooting), na kumpiga risasi Sharif papo hapo na kumjeruhi vibaya Caine wakati akimkinga Anthony. Baadaye, Stacy na Ronnie wanatoka ndani ya nyumba, wakimhudumia Caine na Anthony. Wakati maisha ya Caine yakimpita kwa kasi mbele ya macho yake, anakumbuka babu yake akimwuliza kama anajali kuhusu kuishi au kufa, na anatambua katika wakati wake wa mwisho wa kufa kwamba anajali. == Waigizaji == * [[Tyrin Turner]] kama Kaydee "Caine" Lawson * [[Larenz Tate]] kama Kevin "O-Dog" Anderson * [[Jada Pinkett Smith]] kama Ronnie * [[Samuel L. Jackson]] kama Tat Lawson (baba yake Caine) * [[MC Eiht]] kama A-Wax * [[Arnold Johnson]] kama Babu Harold Lawson * [[Marilyn Coleman]] kama Bibi Lawson * [[Glenn Plummer]] kama Pernell * [[Charles S. Dutton]] kama Mr. Butler * [[Bill Duke]] kama Off-duty Detective * [[Khandi Alexander]] kama Karen Lawson (mama yake Caine) == Mapokezi na mafanikio == Filamu ilifanya uzinduzi wake wa kwanza katika Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes mwaka 1993. Baadaye ilipata mafanikio makubwa katika masanduku ya tiketi, ikipata zaidi ya dola milioni 27 za Marekani dhidi ya bajeti ndogo ya utengenezaji ya dola milioni 3.5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107554/|title=Menace II Society Box Office|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Wachambuzi wengi waliisifu filamu hii kwa ujasiri wake wa kuonyesha madhara ya maisha ya vurugu bila kuyapamba. Mnamo 1994, filamu ilijishindia Tuzo ya [[MTV Movie Award for Best Movie|MTV Movie Award cha Filamu Bora]]. == Kibwagizo cha filamu == Kibwagizo cha filamu hii kilitolewa mnamo Mei 1993 na kupata mafanikio makubwa ya kibiashara. Kilihusisha nyimbo kutoka kwa wasanii nguli wa muziki wa [[hip hop]] na R&B wa Pwani ya Magharibi (West Coast) kama vile [[MC Eiht]] ("Streiht Up Menace"), [[DJ Quik]], [[Too Short]], [[UHK]], [[Spice 1]], na [[Pete Rock & CL Smooth]]. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1993}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 1993]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Hughes Brothers]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Hood]] e81w4kgplujmb3mkykpe4fh5pqqdgyu 1594734 1594731 2026-09-06T09:23:41Z Muddyb 379 1594734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Menace II Society | picha = Menace II Society.jpg | maelezo = Poster la kutolewa kwenye kumbi za sinema | mwongozaji = [[Hughes Brothers|The Hughes Brothers]] | mtunzi = Tyger Williams | hadithi = {{Plainlist| * Allen Hughes * Albert Hughes * Tyger Williams }} | mtayarishaji = [[Darin Scott]] | nyota = {{Plainlist| * [[Tyrin Turner]] * [[Jada Pinkett]] * [[Bill Duke]] * [[Charles S. Dutton]] }} | muziki = [[Quincy Jones III|QD III]] | sinematografia = [[Lisa Rinzler]] | mhariri = Christopher Koefoed | msambazaji = [[New Line Cinema]]<ref name="AFI">{{cite web |title=MENACE II SOCIETY (1993) |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/59599 |website=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> | imetolewa = {{Film date|1993|5|26}} | muda = Dakika 97 | nchi = Marekani | lugha = Kiingereza | bajeti = Dola milioni 3.5<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jr |first=Henry Louis Gates |date=1994-03-14 |title=The Realness of “Menace II Society” |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1994/03/21/the-realness-of-menace-ii-society |access-date=2026-03-18 |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref> | mapato = Dola milioni 30<ref name=ww>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|page=M-56|date=October 17, 1994|title=Top 100 grossers worldwide, '93-94}}</ref> }} '''''Menace II Society''''' (hutamkwa kama "Menace 2 Society") ni igizo la filamu la uhalifu na maisha ya mtaani kutoka [[Marekani]] iliyotolewa mwaka wa 1993. Filamu hii iliongozwa na [[Hughes Brothers|Hughes Brothers]] (Albert na Allen Hughes) katika kazi yao ya kwanza ya uongozaji, na kuandikwa na Tyger Williams kulingana na hadithi iliyotungwa na Hughes Brothers pamoja na Williams. Filamu hii inawashirikisha waigizaji kama [[Tyrin Turner]], [[Larenz Tate]], [[Jada Pinkett Smith]], [[Arnold Johnson]], [[MC Eiht]], na [[Samuel L. Jackson]]. Inasimulia maisha ya Kaydee "Caine" Lawson na rafiki zake wa karibu wanapojaribu kunusurika kwenye mazingira ya umaskini, madawa ya kulevya, na vurugu za magenge ya mtaani katika mtaa wa Watts, [[Los Angeles]]. ''Menace II Society'' inachukuliwa kuwa moja ya filamu zilizoweka misingi mikuu ya [[Filamu za Hood|filamu za Hood]] na sinema za Wamarekani Weusi katika miaka ya 1990.<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Review/Film; Hard Town, Hard Men, Hard Decisions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/26/movies/review-film-hard-town-hard-men-hard-decisions.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-05-26|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Filamu ilipata sifa kubwa kutoka kwa wachambuzi wa filamu kwa ajili ya uonyeshaji wake wa uhalisia usio na urembo kuhusu maisha ya mtaani, maonyesho ya waigizaji, na mtindo wa uongozaji. == Hadithi == Kaydee "Caine" Lawson na rafiki yake wa karibu Kevin "O-Dog" Anderson wanaingia kwenye duka la vinywaji kununua pombe, lakini muuzaji mwenye asili ya [[Korea]] na mke wake wanawashinikiza wanunue vinywaji vyao haraka na kuondoka. Wanapokuwa wanaondoka, muuzaji huyo anamtukana O-Dog kwa makusudi kwa kumwambia, "Namhurumia mama yako." Kwa hasira, O-Dog anampiga risasi na kumuua muuzaji huyo pamoja na mke wake. Kisha anachukua mkanda wa kamera za ulinzi (CCTV), anaiba mkoba wa fedha wa muuzaji na fedha zilizopo kwenye droo, kisha anatoroka na Caine. Kwenye kumbukumbu rejea, Caine anakumbuka kuwa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 10, aliwapoteza wazazi wake Tat na Karen; baba yake aliuawa kwenye biashara ya [[dawa za kulevya]] iliyoharibika na mama yake alifariki kwa kuzidisha kipimo cha dawa za kulevya aina ya [[heroin]]. James "Pernell" Richards, mshirika wa biashara wa Tat na "mjomba" wa Caine, alifungwa jela na anatumikia kifungo cha maisha. Hali hii ilipelekea babu na bibi yake Caine kumlea katika makazi ya nyumba za ushirika za [[Jordan Downs]] zenye kiwango kikubwa cha uhalifu, ambapo alikutana na O-Dog na wawili hao hatimaye wakajiunga na genge la mtaani. Miaka kadhaa baadaye, Caine anahitimu elimu ya sekondari. Katika kusherehekea, yeye na binamu yake Harold wanahudhuria sherehe, ambapo O-Dog anaonyesha mkanda wa kamera za ulinzi kwa kundi la marafiki zao wa karibu, jambo linalomkasirisha sana Caine. Baadaye, wawili hao wanapokuwa wanaondoka kwenye sherehe hiyo, majambazi wa kuteka magari wanawavizia, na kumuua Harold huku wakimjeruhi Caine. Baada ya kubaini mahali walipo majambazi hao, Caine, O-Dog, na rafiki yao A-Wax wanawavizia na kuwapiga risasi na kuwaua, wakilipiza kisasi cha kifo cha Harold. Muda fulani baadaye, Caine anatembelea Ronnie, mpenzi mdogo wa Pernell, na kujenga uhusiano wa karibu na mtoto wake mdogo Anthony. Usiku mmoja, Chauncey (rafiki wa Caine na O-Dog), anawaagiza waibe gari la gharama kubwa kutoka kwenye karakana ya maegesho, lakini wanakamatwa na polisi. O-Dog anaachiriwa, lakini Caine anazuiliwa baada ya alama zake za vidole kufanana na zile zilizopatikana kwenye chupa ya bia iliyoangushwa wakati wa mauaji ya duka la vinywaji. Wakati wa mahojiano, upelelezi unajaribu kumchanganya Caine kwa kubadilisha maswali mara kwa mara, lakini hatimaye Caine anaachiwa. Marafiki wengine wa Caine, Stacy na Sharif, wanammwalika aambatane nao kuelekea [[Kansas]], lakini anakataa, akihofia kwamba hatamudu kuishi nje ya maisha yake ya uhalifu aliyoyazoea. Babu yake mwenye misingi ya kidini pamoja na Bw. Butler (baba yake Sharif na mwalimu wa shule) wote wanamsihi abadili mwenendo wake ili asije akafungwa au kuuawa. Caine anaanza kununua na kupika kiasi kikubwa cha kokeni, na haraka anakuwa muuzaji na mwanachama sugu wa genge hilo. Anateka hisia za msichana wa eneo hilo anayeitwa Ilena na kufanya naye ngono. Usiku mmoja, polisi wanamsimamisha na kumshambulia yeye na Sharif kabla ya kuwatupa kwa makusudi kwenye mtaa wa [[Wamarekani wenye asili ya Hispania|Wakispania]], wakitarajia watashambuliwa zaidi na wanagenge wa Kispani. Kwa kushangaza, wanagenge hao wanawapeleka [[hospitali]] kwa huruma. Wakati akiwa hospitali, Ronnie anammwalika Caine aambatane naye kuelekea [[Atlanta]] kwenye kazi yake mpya ya ukatibu. Ingawa mwanzoni alisita, hatimaye anakubali. Kwenye sherehe moja, Caine anamwona Chauncey akiwa amelewa na kumfanyia Ronnie vitendo vya udhalilishaji wa kijinsia. Kwa hasira, Caine anampiga Chauncey kwa kitako cha bunduki, lakini anazuiliwa haraka na Stacy pamoja na Sharif. Kwa kulipiza kisasi, Chauncey anatuma nakala yake ya mkanda wa kamera za ulinzi kwa polisi. Ilena anampigia simu Caine kumtaarifu kuhusu ujauzito wake, lakini Caine anakataa uwepo wa mimba hiyo na kumfukuza. Ronnie na Caine wanamtembelea Pernell aliyeko gerezani, ambaye anamhimiza Caine kuwa mfano bora kwa Anthony na kuhamia Atlanta. Baadaye, Caine anarudi nyumbani, lakini binamu wa Ilena mwenye tabia za kiharifu anamfuata nje ya nyumba yake. Mjadala kuhusu Ilena na ujauzito wake unazuka, na kumfanya Caine kumpiga na kumkanyaga kwa brutal binamu wa Ilena mbele ya majirani waliokuwa wanashuhudia. Babu yake Caine anatoka nje haraka, anamzuia Caine na kumwingiza ndani. Baada ya kuchoshwa na tabia za Caine za vurugu na matatizo, babu na bibi yake Caine wanammfukuza nyumbani mwao, kujapokuwa na maombi yake ya kubaki hadi atakapoondoka kuelekea Atlanta. Baada ya kujua kutoka kwa rafiki yao Doc kuhusu usaliti wa Chauncey, Caine na O-Dog ambao sasa wanatafutwa na polisi wanatafuta hifadhi nyumbani kwa Ronnie na marafiki wengine. O-Dog anaapa kulipiza kisasi kwa Chauncey wakati binamu wa Ilena anakusanya marafiki zake ili kulipiza kisasi kwa Caine. Wakati Caine na Ronnie wakijiandaa kuondoka kuelekea Atlanta, binamu wa Ilena na marafiki zake wanakaribia nyumba ya Ronnie na kufanya shambulio la risasi kutokea kwenye gari linalotembea (drive-by shooting), na kumpiga risasi Sharif papo hapo na kumjeruhi vibaya Caine wakati akimkinga Anthony. Baadaye, Stacy na Ronnie wanatoka ndani ya nyumba, wakimhudumia Caine na Anthony. Wakati maisha ya Caine yakimpita kwa kasi mbele ya macho yake, anakumbuka babu yake akimwuliza kama anajali kuhusu kuishi au kufa, na anatambua katika wakati wake wa mwisho wa kufa kwamba anajali. == Waigizaji == * [[Tyrin Turner]] kama Kaydee "Caine" Lawson * [[Larenz Tate]] kama Kevin "O-Dog" Anderson * [[Jada Pinkett Smith]] kama Ronnie * [[Samuel L. Jackson]] kama Tat Lawson (baba yake Caine) * [[MC Eiht]] kama A-Wax * [[Arnold Johnson]] kama Babu Harold Lawson * [[Marilyn Coleman]] kama Bibi Lawson * [[Glenn Plummer]] kama Pernell * [[Charles S. Dutton]] kama Mr. Butler * [[Bill Duke]] kama Off-duty Detective * [[Khandi Alexander]] kama Karen Lawson (mama yake Caine) == Mapokezi na mafanikio == Filamu ilifanya uzinduzi wake wa kwanza katika Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes mwaka 1993. Baadaye ilipata mafanikio makubwa katika masanduku ya tiketi, ikipata zaidi ya dola milioni 27 za Marekani dhidi ya bajeti ndogo ya utengenezaji ya dola milioni 3.5.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0107554/|title=Menace II Society Box Office|publisher=Box Office Mojo|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> Wachambuzi wengi waliisifu filamu hii kwa ujasiri wake wa kuonyesha madhara ya maisha ya vurugu bila kuyapamba. Mnamo 1994, filamu ilijishindia Tuzo ya [[MTV Movie Award for Best Movie|MTV Movie Award cha Filamu Bora]]. == Kibwagizo cha filamu == Kibwagizo cha filamu hii kilitolewa mnamo Mei 1993 na kupata mafanikio makubwa ya kibiashara. Kilihusisha nyimbo kutoka kwa wasanii nguli wa muziki wa [[hip hop]] na R&B wa Pwani ya Magharibi (West Coast) kama vile [[MC Eiht]] ("Streiht Up Menace"), [[DJ Quik]], [[Too Short]], [[UHK]], [[Spice 1]], na [[Pete Rock & CL Smooth]]. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1993}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 1993]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Hughes Brothers]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Hood]] 1tg0jftieuq8qjr0lwn1s8hinkah8gp 0 248606 1594732 2026-09-06T09:18:45Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khuliso Johnson Mudau''', anayejulikana pia kama Sailorman (aliyezaliwa [[26 Aprili]] [[1995]]), ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya beki wa kulia katika klabu ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] inayoshiriki Betway Premiership, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa Messina, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Musina, katika Limpopo. == Kazi ya klabu == Baada ya kuchezea JDR Stars, Magesi na Black Leopards, alisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitano na Mamelodi Sundowns mwezi [[Oktoba]] [[2020]]. Alifunga bao la kwanza katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya klabu ya [[Mali]] ya Stade Malien katika mchezo wa kwanza wa robo [[fainali]] ya CAF Champions League [[2025]]–26. Mudau alitunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya [[Mchezaji]] Bora wa Soka wa Mwaka mwaka [[2026]] katika Icons of Africa Awards. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] 2025, Mudau aliitwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2025. Tarehe [[28 Mei]] 2026, alichaguliwa na kocha Hugo Broos kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] 2026. == Mtindo wa uchezaji == Mudau hucheza kama beki wa kulia. Pia ana uwezo wa kucheza kama kiungo. == Mafanikio == Afrika Kusini * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika, nafasi ya tatu: 2023 Mamelodi Sundowns * CAF Champions League: 2025–26 * CAF Champions League, Mshindi wa pili: 2024–25 * African Football League: 2023 * South African Premiership: 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25 * Nedbank Cup: 2021–22 * MTN 8: 2021 Binafsi * Icons of Africa Awards 2026: Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa Mwaka <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/mudau-khuliso/6Hn06vf2/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe557111/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/86993/Khuliso_Mudau.html</ref><ref>https://www.kicker.de/khuliso-mudau/spieler</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jd3hzljwdwmrvgext308ax4iz7psqla 6 248607 1594733 2026-09-06T09:22:37Z Muddyb 379 Anwani kutoka: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107554/mediaviewer/rm212103168/?ref_=tt_ov_i 1594733 wikitext text/x-wiki == Muhtasari == Anwani kutoka: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107554/mediaviewer/rm212103168/?ref_=tt_ov_i == Hatimiliki == {{Non-free video cover}} 6mag94d3i96kuzsrye5atkxfajomm5k 0 248608 1594735 2026-09-06T09:31:21Z Muddyb 379 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{databox}} '''Tyrin Turner''' (alizaliwa 17 Julai 1972) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza kama mhusika mkuu Kaydee "Caine" Lawson katika [[igizo]] la filamu mashuhuri la uhalifu la mwaka 1993 la ''[[Menace II Society]]'', lililoongozwa na [[Hughes Brothers]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Review/Film; Hard Town, Hard Men, Hard Decisions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/...' 1594735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tyrin Turner''' (alizaliwa 17 Julai 1972) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza kama mhusika mkuu Kaydee "Caine" Lawson katika [[igizo]] la filamu mashuhuri la uhalifu la mwaka 1993 la ''[[Menace II Society]]'', lililoongozwa na [[Hughes Brothers]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Review/Film; Hard Town, Hard Men, Hard Decisions|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/26/movies/review-film-hard-town-hard-men-hard-decisions.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1993-05-26|access-date=2026-09-06}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Turner alizaliwa na kulelewa katika mji wa [[South Los Angeles]], [[California]]. Alilelewa katika mazingira ya mtaani yaliyompa uzoefu halisi uliomsaidia baadaye kuingia kwenye fani ya uigizaji na kuonyesha uhalisia wa maisha ya vijana wa mitaani wa Marekani. == Kazi ya sanaa == Turner alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa ulimwenguni kote baada ya kuchaguliwa na [[Hughes Brothers]] kucheza kama "Caine" katika filamu ya ''[[Menace II Society]]''. Uigizaji wake ulipata sifa nyingi kutoka kwa wachambuzi wa filamu kwa kuonyesha hisia nzito za kijana aliyenasa kwenye mzunguko wa vurugu za mtaani. Mbali na ''Menace II Society'', Turner ameonekana kwenye filamu nyingine kadhaa kama vile ''[[Panther (filamu)|Panther]]'' (1995) iliyoongozwa na [[Mario Van Peebles]], ''[[The Belfast Baby]]'' (2001), na ''[[Flock (filamu)|Flock]]'' (2007). Pia amefanya uigizaji wa kualikwa kwenye vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni ikiwa ni pamoja na ''[[Chicago Hope]]'', ''[[Hangin' with Mr. Cooper]]'', na ''[[New York Undercover]]''. Katika muziki, Turner ameshiriki kwenye video nyingi za muziki wa [[hip hop]] katika miaka ya 1990 na 2000, na amewahi kushirikiana na wasanii wakubwa kama vile [[Janet Jackson]] kwenye video ya wimbo wa "Rhythm Nation". == Filmografia iliyochaguliwa == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Nafasi ! Maelezo |- | 1992 | ''[[Deep Cover]]'' | Mwenye Duka | Filamu yake ya kwanza |- | 1993 | ''[[Menace II Society]]'' | Kaydee "Caine" Lawson | Nafasi kuu |- | 1995 | ''[[Panther (filamu)|Panther]]'' | Cy | |- | 1998 | ''[[Belly (filamu)|Belly]]'' | Mwanamume kwenye Klabu | Kuonekana kwa muda mfupi |- | 2001 | ''[[How High]]'' | Mwanafunzi | |- | 2003 | ''[[Crime Partners]]'' | Midnite | |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1972}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] ide34bzsy6mgvyzruo3v16fsw13t9s9 0 248609 1594736 2026-09-06T09:32:45Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594736 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbekezeli Mfanufikile Mbokazi''' (aliyezaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[2005]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya beki wa kati katika klabu ya Chicago Fire inayoshiriki Major League Soccer, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. Awali akiwa sehemu ya kikosi cha akiba cha Orlando Pirates, Mbokazi alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika kikosi cha kwanza mwezi Machi [[2025]]. Baadaye alijijengea nafasi ya kuwa mchezaji wa kawaida wa kikosi cha kwanza chini ya kocha Jose Riveiro, na kiwango chake katika msimu wa [[2024]]–25 kilisaidia Orlando Pirates kufika nusu fainali ya CAF Champions League kwa mara ya kwanza katika miaka 12 na kumwezesha kuteuliwa kuwania [[tuzo]] ya Mchezaji Bora Chipukizi wa Mwaka wa CAF. Baadaye mwaka huo, alitwaa mataji yake mawili ya kwanza makubwa ya kitaaluma baada ya Orlando Pirates kutwaa MTN 8 na Carling Knockout Cup mwanzoni mwa msimu wa 2025–26. Pia alikua mchezaji mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuwa [[nahodha]] wa Orlando Pirates, akiwa na umri wa miaka 19. == Kazi ya klabu == === Orlando Pirates === Alikuwa nahodha wa timu ya DDC ya Pirates katika PSL Reserve mwaka [[2024]]. Mbokazi alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika kikosi cha wakubwa cha Orlando Pirates tarehe [[5 Machi]] 2025 katika ushindi wa 1–0 dhidi ya Chippa United. Alitwaa tuzo yake ya kwanza ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mechi akiwa na Pirates katika mchezo dhidi ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]], ambapo alisifiwa kwa kiwango bora cha ulinzi tarehe [[16 Machi]] 2025. Alikuwa nahodha wa timu katika mchezo wa kirafiki wa maandalizi ya msimu dhidi ya Pafos F.C. ya [[Hispania]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 19 tu, na kuwa nahodha mwenye umri mdogo zaidi wa Buccaneers, akivunja [[rekodi]] iliyowekwa na Mbulelo Mabizela akiwa na umri wa miaka 21 katika msimu wa 2002–03. Aliteuliwa kuwa makamu wa nahodha katika msimu wa 2025–26. Mbokazi alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya klabu katika CAF Champions League 2025–26, alipokuwa nahodha katika ushindi wa 3–0 dhidi ya Lioli ya Lesotho. Katika Carling Knockout Cup 2025, alifunga bao la ushindi katika mchezo wa hatua ya 16 bora dhidi ya Siwelele, na kuipeleka klabu hiyo katika robo fainali. Baadaye alitwaa tuzo ya Bao Bora la Mwezi la Oktoba 2025 kwa bao hilo. Alimaliza kipindi chake akiwa Pirates kwa kuiongoza klabu hiyo kama nahodha katika ushindi wa Carling Knockout Cup 2025 dhidi ya Marumo Gallants katika fainali iliyochezwa Peter Mokaba Stadium huko Polokwane tarehe [[6 Desemba]] 2025. Hilo lilikuwa [[taji]] lake la pili akiwa na klabu hiyo, baada ya kutwaa MTN 8 2025 mapema katika msimu huo. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mbokazi alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini cha U-20 kwa ajili ya COSAFA U-20 Cup 2024, ambapo [[timu]] hiyo ilitwaa ubingwa wa mashindano hayo na kufuzu kwa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la U-20 2025. Alcheza katika mechi zote za mashindano hayo na alifunga bao la tano katika ushindi wa 5–0 dhidi ya [[Malawi]]. == Mafanikio == Afrika Kusini * COSAFA U-20 Challenge Cup: 2024 Orlando Pirates * MTN 8: 2025 * Carling Black Label Cup: 2025 * Betway Premiership: 2025–26 Binafsi * Carling Knockout Cup 2025: Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano * MLS All-Star: 2026 <ref>https://www.goal.com/en-za/lists/tapelo-xoki-pleased-by-mbekezeli-mbokazi-progression-in-debut-top-flight-season-for-orlando-pirates-but-we-don-t-want-to-give-him-too-much-information/blt0733c21a0c4b2750</ref><ref>https://blog.hollywoodbets.net/soccer/psl/respect-football-and-football-will-respect-you-ouaddou-on-mbokazis-after-his-caf-nomination/</ref><ref>https://farpost.co.za/2025/09/04/lekgwathi-compares-mbokazi-to-legend-old-john-mabizela/</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/competitions/fifa-world-cup/news/mbekezeli-mbokazi-helps-south-africa-earn-dramatic-world-cup-comeback</ref><ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/mbokazi-screamer-fails-to-rescue-bafana-bafana-against-panama/</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2005]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cjki6qrq470h4jy9zs2fkgomki2erkr 3 248610 1594737 2026-09-06T09:48:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594737 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 9gjg0ybgzsvuhj6e25dhiozn8hbbi97 3 248611 1594738 2026-09-06T09:48:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594738 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 9gjg0ybgzsvuhj6e25dhiozn8hbbi97 3 248612 1594739 2026-09-06T09:48:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594739 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 9gjg0ybgzsvuhj6e25dhiozn8hbbi97 3 248613 1594740 2026-09-06T09:48:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594740 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 9gjg0ybgzsvuhj6e25dhiozn8hbbi97 3 248614 1594741 2026-09-06T09:48:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594741 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 9gjg0ybgzsvuhj6e25dhiozn8hbbi97 3 248615 1594742 2026-09-06T09:49:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594742 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 4slqnyx1h8nlmp8b3221xa4lx0xmctj 3 248616 1594743 2026-09-06T09:49:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594743 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 4slqnyx1h8nlmp8b3221xa4lx0xmctj 3 248617 1594744 2026-09-06T09:49:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594744 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 4slqnyx1h8nlmp8b3221xa4lx0xmctj 3 248618 1594745 2026-09-06T09:49:37Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594745 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 4slqnyx1h8nlmp8b3221xa4lx0xmctj 3 248619 1594746 2026-09-06T09:49:47Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594746 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 4slqnyx1h8nlmp8b3221xa4lx0xmctj 0 248620 1594747 2026-09-06T09:49:50Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aubrey Modiba (cropped).jpg|thumb|Aubrey Modiba]] '''Aubrey Maphosa Modiba''' (aliyezaliwa [[22 Julai]] [[1995]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo wa kushoto na beki wa kushoto katika klabu ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ya Premier Soccer League na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Kazi ya klabu == Modiba alianza taaluma yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 19, akiiwakilisha Mpumalanga Black Aces katika msimu wa PSL wa [[2014]]–15. Alicheza [[mechi]] moja pekee katika msimu wake wa kwanza, lakini alikua haraka na kufanikiwa kucheza mechi 25 katika msimu wake wa pili. [[Mwaka]] [[2016]], alisajiliwa na Cape Town City baada ya Aces kuhamishwa. === Cape Town City === Katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka 2016, Mpumalanga Black Aces ilivunjwa. Hapo awali alichagua kuendelea na Cape Town City, klabu iliyochukua nafasi ya klabu hiyo. Alicheza mechi mbili pekee, tarehe [[23 Agosti]] katika South African Premiership dhidi ya Polokwane City, ambapo walishinda 2–0, na siku tatu baadaye katika MTN 8 dhidi ya [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]], ambapo walishinda 1–0. === SuperSport United === Tarehe 31 Agosti 2016, alijiunga na SuperSport United. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe [[14 Septemba]] dhidi ya Chippa United katika sare ya 0–0, na alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kitaaluma tarehe 4 Aprili [[2017]] katika Nedbank Cup dhidi ya KwaDukuza United, katika ushindi wa 2–0. Msimu wake wa kwanza katika klabu hiyo ulikuwa wa matumaini, ambapo alitwaa Nedbank Cup na kufika [[fainali]] ya Telkom Knockout. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kawaida wa kikosi cha kwanza katika msimu wa 2017–18, akifunga mabao nane ya ligi. Pia alitwaa MTN 8 katika msimu huo. Katika msimu uliofuata, alimaliza akiwa Mshindi wa pili katika mashindano hayo kabla ya kuyatwaa tena mwaka 2019. === Mamelodi Sundowns === Mwezi [[Agosti]] [[2020]], alijiunga na Mamelodi Sundowns kwa [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitano. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Kwa sasa Modiba anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini ya U-23 kama kiungo. Amecheza mechi 6 katika ngazi ya U-23 na mechi 17 akiwa na timu ya U-20. Mwaka 2016, Modiba alichaguliwa kuiwakilisha Afrika Kusini katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya [[Majira ya kiangazi|Majira ya Kiangazi]] ya 2016 iliyofanyika Rio de Janeiro. Alicheza katika michezo yote mitatu ya timu hiyo, akianza katika nafasi ya kiungo katika michezo miwili kati ya mitatu. Mwezi [[Desemba]] [[2023]], alijumuishwa katika orodha ya wachezaji 27 wa Afrika Kusini waliochaguliwa na Hugo Broos kushiriki katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2023]]. == Mafanikio == Afrika Kusini * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: nafasi ya tatu: 2023 <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/modiba-aubrey/tWExAYOC/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/64766/Aubrey_Modiba.html</ref><ref>https://supersport.com/football/news/f8ff79be-d176-4585-a6b1-b96aba94fc79/modiba-might-be-fit-for-mexico-clash</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/aubrey-modiba/profil/spieler/353432</ref><ref>https://sundownsfc.co.za/player/aubrey-modiba/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} ppf5i2i91dghoa3bmvkncf9fj1oqq36 3 248621 1594748 2026-09-06T09:49:57Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594748 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 4slqnyx1h8nlmp8b3221xa4lx0xmctj 3 248622 1594749 2026-09-06T09:50:07Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594749 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 79jnh7yr70olpt8mx1kkb3jmhoz2dpj 3 248623 1594750 2026-09-06T09:50:17Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594750 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 79jnh7yr70olpt8mx1kkb3jmhoz2dpj 3 248624 1594751 2026-09-06T09:50:27Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1594751 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 79jnh7yr70olpt8mx1kkb3jmhoz2dpj 0 248625 1594752 2026-09-06T10:03:08Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thalente Wandile Mbatha''' (aliyezaliwa [[6 Machi]] [[2000]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo mkabaji katika klabu ya Orlando Pirates inayoshiriki Premier Soccer League, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. Mbatha alifunga bao katika mechi yake ya kwanza ya kimataifa mwaka [[2024]] dhidi ya [[Uganda]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 10, Thalente Mbatha alianza safari yake ya [[soka]] katika klabu ya soka la ridhaa ya [[eneo]] lake, Real Rabbits, ambako alicheza katika [[timu]] za U-11, U-13 na U-15. Alipofikisha umri wa miaka 13, kipaji chake kilimfanya acheze katika makundi mbalimbali ya umri kwa wakati mmoja, akichezea timu za U-13, U-15 na U-17. Alipoendelea kukua katika miaka yake ya ujana, alijiunga na Durban FC, ambako aliendelea kukuza uwezo wake na kupata kutambuliwa. Uchezaji wake ulimwezesha kuingia katika soka la kulipwa, ambapo alisaini na Highlands Park FC ya South African Premier League. === SuperSport United === Aliichezea [[klabu]] ya SuperSport United yenye makao yake Tshwane. === Orlando Pirates === Mwezi [[Januari]] [[2024]], alijiunga na klabu ya [[Soweto]], Orlando Pirates, kwa mkataba wa miezi sita wenye chaguo la kufanya uhamisho wake kuwa wa kudumu. Alicheza [[fainali]] yake ya kwanza katika fainali ya Nedbank Cup 2023–24 dhidi ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]. Mbatha alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mechi katika ushindi wa mabao 2–1 wa Pirates. Mkataba wake uliongezwa kwa ajili ya msimu wa PSL 2024–25. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mbatha alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya [[wanaume]] ya Afrika Kusini katika mechi za kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2025]] tarehe [[6 Septemba]] 2024 dhidi ya [[Uganda]], na alifunga bao katika mechi yake ya kwanza na kusaidia timu hiyo kuokoa sare. == Mafanikio == Orlando Pirates * Nedbank Cup: 2023–24 * MTN 8: 2024, 2025 * Carling Knockout Cup: 2025 * South African Premiership: 2025–26 <ref>https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/uganda-stun-bafana-mothwa-blunder/</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/mbatha-thalente/zuITHrv3/</ref><ref>https://briefly.co.za/sports/football/188441-nedbank-cup-orlando-pirates-thalente-mbatha-sas-praises-win-mamelodi-sundowns/</ref><ref>https://supersport.com/football/news/7e69f39e-4297-44f7-9490-286c89dc8653/agent-confirms-mbatha-stay-at-pirates</ref><ref>https://www.news24.com/sport/soccer/bafana-bafana-and-banyana-banyana/the-rise-and-rise-of-thalente-mbatha-he-is-going-to-be-to-be-one-of-the-biggest-talents-in-sa-20240904</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 4s1ir7t3jc9wv2yma4in2cz6u5g1npt 0 248626 1594755 2026-09-06T10:53:45Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paolo Bulgari''' (alizaliwa [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa mitindo nchini [[Italia]], mjukuu wa Sotirios Bulgari, mwanzilishi wa chapa ya kifahari Bulgari. == Maisha ya Awali == Paolo Bulgari alizaliwa mwaka 1937, mtoto wa tatu wa Giorgio Bulgari (1890–1966). Ana dada mmoja Lia alizaliwa 1933, na ndugu wawili, Gianni alizaliwa 1935 na Nicola mwaka 1941.<ref name=Hancocks>{{cite web|title=Bulgari|url=http://www.hancocks-london.com/cont...' 1594755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paolo Bulgari''' (alizaliwa [[1937]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa mitindo nchini [[Italia]], mjukuu wa Sotirios Bulgari, mwanzilishi wa chapa ya kifahari Bulgari. == Maisha ya Awali == Paolo Bulgari alizaliwa mwaka 1937, mtoto wa tatu wa Giorgio Bulgari (1890–1966). Ana dada mmoja Lia alizaliwa 1933, na ndugu wawili, Gianni alizaliwa 1935 na Nicola mwaka 1941.<ref name=Hancocks>{{cite web|title=Bulgari|url=http://www.hancocks-london.com/content/bulgari|website=Hancocks|publisher=Hancocks|accessdate=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221081424/http://www.hancocks-london.com/content/bulgari|archivedate=21 February 2015}}</ref> == Kazi == Mwaka 2013, baada ya madai ya kukwepa kodi, Guardia di Finanza (polisi ya kodi), walivamia ofisi ya Bulgari huko Rome's Via dei Condotti, kama sehemu ya kunasa mali yenye thamani ya Euro milioni 46. Mnamo Mei 2015, Paolo na Nicola Bulgari na wengine 11 waliagizwa na hakimu wa Italia kushtakiwa kwa makosa ya kukwepa kodi. Wote wanakanusha mashtaka hayo. Baada ya miaka mitatu ya mashauriano, kesi ilihitimishwa tarehe 20 Aprili 2018, na kuwaachilia huru Paolo na Nicola Bulgari na washtakiwa wengine. Hukumu iliyotolewa na Mahakama ya [[Roma]] ilitambua usahihi wa vitendo vya kampuni, ikisema kwamba "hakuna makosa yaliyotokea" na kuamuru kurudishwa kwa fedha zilizokamatwa.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|last1=Kirchgaessner|first1=Stephanie|title=Italian tax clampdown dims the sparkle at Bulgari|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/may/29/italian-tax-clampdown-bulgari|accessdate=1 June 2015|work=The Guardian|date=29 May 2015}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2015, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Paolo Bulgari kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.3.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Paolo Bulgari|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/paolo-bulgari/|website=Forbes|accessdate=31 May 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g7b96yhf3fk7syq3dmjw2dk97txivrp 0 248627 1594756 2026-09-06T11:01:00Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nicola Bulgari''' (alizaliwa [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na mjukuu wa Sotirios Bulgari, mwanzilishi wa chapa ya kifahari ya Bulgari. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Nicola Bulgari alizaliwa [[Roma|Rome]] mwaka 1941, mtoto wa nne wa Giorgio Bulgari (1890–1966). Ana dada mmoja, Lia, alizaliwa 1933, na ndugu wawili: Gianni, alizaliwa 1935, na Paolo, alizaliwa 1937.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|title=20 Odd Questions: Nicola Bu...' 1594756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicola Bulgari''' (alizaliwa [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]] na mjukuu wa Sotirios Bulgari, mwanzilishi wa chapa ya kifahari ya Bulgari. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Nicola Bulgari alizaliwa [[Roma|Rome]] mwaka 1941, mtoto wa nne wa Giorgio Bulgari (1890–1966). Ana dada mmoja, Lia, alizaliwa 1933, na ndugu wawili: Gianni, alizaliwa 1935, na Paolo, alizaliwa 1937.<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|title=20 Odd Questions: Nicola Bulgari|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704132204576285342859175166|accessdate=1 June 2015|work=WSJ|date=30 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="architecturaldigest1">{{cite web|author=Joseph Giovannini, Timothy White |url=http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/bulgari-article-2008-07 |title=Nicola Bulgari's American Gems |publisher=Architectural Digest |date=30 June 2008 |accessdate=24 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=Hancocks>{{cite web|title=Bulgari|url=http://www.hancocks-london.com/content/bulgari|website=Hancocks|accessdate=31 May 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221081424/http://www.hancocks-london.com/content/bulgari|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Amekuwa naibu mwenyekiti wa Bulgari tangu 1984. Mwaka 2013, baada ya madai ya kukwepa kodi, Guardia di Finanza ya Italia ilivamia ofisi ya Bulgari katika Via Condotti ya Rome kama sehemu ya kunasa mali ya € milioni 46 ([[Dola ya Marekani|US$]] milioni 63). Mnamo Mei 2015, Paolo na Nicola Bulgari na wengine 11 waliagizwa na hakimu wa Italia kushtakiwa kwa makosa ya kukwepa kodi. Wote walikanusha mashtaka hayo.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|last1=Kirchgaessner|first1=Stephanie|title=Italian tax clampdown dims the sparkle at Bulgari|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/may/29/italian-tax-clampdown-bulgari|accessdate=1 June 2015|work=The Guardian|date=29 May 2015}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 2017, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wa Bulgari kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.31 ([[€]] bilioni 1.22).<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Nicola Bulgari|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/nicola-bulgari/|website=Forbes|accessdate=24 January 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dkyczfqzlaiaqbx329lhhmumvd4m0nk 0 248628 1594760 2026-09-06T11:10:46Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alberto Bombassei''' (alizaliwa [[Oktoba]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mwenyekiti na rais wa ''Brembo'', mtengenezaji wa Italia wa mifumo ya breki za magari. Anadhibiti asilimia 53.5 ya Brembo.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Alberto Bombassei|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alberto-bombassei/|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.g...' 1594760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alberto Bombassei''' (alizaliwa [[Oktoba]] [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Italia]], mwenyekiti na rais wa ''Brembo'', mtengenezaji wa Italia wa mifumo ya breki za magari. Anadhibiti asilimia 53.5 ya Brembo.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires: Alberto Bombassei|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alberto-bombassei/|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/HQgUOVdkk7IM52Ylf_s58i35L58/appointments |title=Alberto BOMBASSEI - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House) |website=Beta.companieshouse.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2017-01-23}}</ref> Alizaliwa [[Vicenza]], Italia. Baba yake Emilio Bombassei alianzisha Brembo mwaka 1961 pamoja na Italo Breda, na mwaka 1975, [[Enzo Ferrari]] aliomba kampuni kutoa mifumo ya breki kwa magari yake ya mbio za [[Formula One|Formula 1]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlantia.it/it/pdf/ListaCRTENG.pdf |format=PDF |title=Atlantia - Rome : ATLANTIA SpA ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING of 9 April 2010; |language=it |website=Atlantia.it |accessdate=2017-01-23 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202092738/http://www.atlantia.it/it/pdf/ListaCRTENG.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bloomberg1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-23/brembo-chairman-becomes-billionaire-on-brakes-for-porsche |title=Brembo Chairman Becomes Billionaire on Brakes for Porsche |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date=2014-01-23 |accessdate=2017-01-23}}</ref> Ameoa na ana watoto wawili, na anaishi [[Bergamo]], Italia. Mwaka 2013 Bombassei alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge miongoni mwa safu za chama cha Civic Choice na alishikilia ofisi hadi 2018. Kufikia Septemba 2020, yeye ni mwanachama wa Taasisi ya Aspen ya Italia.<ref>[https://www.aspeninstitute.it/istituto/comunita-aspen/comitato-esecutivo executive Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009043826/https://www.aspeninstitute.it/istituto/comunita-aspen/comitato-esecutivo |date=2010-10-09 }}, aspeninstitute.it/</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6uzy2svju6nlbhilz5rxkb2agr0zdlv 0 248629 1594761 2026-09-06T11:17:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patrizio Bertelli''' (alizaliwa [[6 Aprili]] [[1946]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Italia]] na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa zamani (CEO) wa Prada Group, nafasi aliyoshiriki na mke wake Miuccia Prada.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=25055459&ticker=1913:HK|title=Patrizio Bertelli|work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|accessdate=2015-11-17}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Bertelli alizaliwa katika mji wa T...' 1594761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrizio Bertelli''' (alizaliwa [[6 Aprili]] [[1946]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Italia]] na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa zamani (CEO) wa Prada Group, nafasi aliyoshiriki na mke wake Miuccia Prada.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=25055459&ticker=1913:HK|title=Patrizio Bertelli|work=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|accessdate=2015-11-17}}</ref> == Maisha na Kazi == Bertelli alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Tuscany]] wa [[Arezzo]] mwaka 1946 na alianza kazi yake katika sekta ya bidhaa za ngozi, kabla ya kuhamia sekta ya kifahari. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 21, alipokuwa akisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bologna alianzisha Sir Robert, kampuni ndogo ya bidhaa za ngozi.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Patrizio Bertelli {{!}} BoF 500 {{!}} The People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/people/patrizio-bertelli/ |access-date=2025-11-06 |website=The Business of Fashion |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Lauren |date=1999-09-27 |title=Prada Goes Shopping Bertelli transformed Prada from a stuffy family company into a fashion powerhouse. And he's just warming up. |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1999/09/27/266185/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326175227/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1999/09/27/266185/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 26, 2010 |access-date=2015-11-17 |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]}}</ref> Mwaka 1978, Bertelli alikutana na Miuccia Prada, mjukuu wa Mario Prada, mwanzilishi wa chapa ya Prada. Uhusiano wao wa kikazi baadaye ukawa ndoa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Miuccia Prada: The feeling is Miuccia |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/miuccia-prada-the-feeling-is-miuccia-70036.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114193325/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/miuccia-prada-the-feeling-is-miuccia-70036.html |archive-date=2025-01-14 |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Independent |language=en-GB |url-status=live }}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1980, Bertelli alianzisha mabadiliko katika michakato ya uzalishaji ya Prada, akilenga kuboresha udhibiti wa ubora na ufanisi katika sekta ya bidhaa za kifahari. Mabadiliko haya yalichukua jukumu katika upanuzi wa kampuni wakati wa miaka ya 1980 na 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://oma.eu/projects/prada-epicenter-new-york|title=Prada Epicenter New York| website=oma.eu |accessdate=2015-11-17}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990, Bertelli na Miuccia Prada walishirikiana na wasanifu kama Rem Koolhaas na Herzog & de Meuron kuzindua mradi wa "Prada Epicentres." Kufikia 2023, Bertelli ni afisa mkuu mtendaji mwenza wa Prada Group, ambayo inajumuisha Prada, Miu Miu, Church's, Car Shoe, na Marchesi 1824. Kufikia Mei 2025, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 5.4.<ref name="Forbes profile2">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Patrizio Bertelli |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/patrizio-bertelli/ |access-date=27 May 2025 |work=Forbes}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1uv4usmt12rrisyxq2g30dkg9ydal4g 0 248630 1594762 2026-09-06T11:28:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ernesto Silvio Maurizio Bertarelli''' (alizaliwa [[22 Septemba]] [[1965]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mhisani nchini [[Uswizi]] mzaliwa wa [[Italia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000025733 |title=Munzinger Personen: Ernesto Bertarelli |publisher=Munzinger-Archiv |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> Kufikia 2025, jarida la Uswizi Bilanz linakadiria utajiri wa familia kuwa CHF bilioni 17.5, wakati Bloomber...' 1594762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernesto Silvio Maurizio Bertarelli''' (alizaliwa [[22 Septemba]] [[1965]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mhisani nchini [[Uswizi]] mzaliwa wa [[Italia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000025733 |title=Munzinger Personen: Ernesto Bertarelli |publisher=Munzinger-Archiv |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> Kufikia 2025, jarida la Uswizi Bilanz linakadiria utajiri wa familia kuwa CHF bilioni 17.5, wakati Bloomberg Billionaires Index inakadiria utajiri wa familia ya Bertarelli kuwa dola bilioni 39.3 kufikia 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bilanz.ch/bilanz-die-300-reichsten-2025/g0vxkp8|title=Die 300 Reichsten 2025|website=www.bilanz.ch|language=de|access-date=2026-08-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index: Ernesto Bertarelli |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/ernesto-bertarelli/ |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswizi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gg8ndbqlyomf0ffiyu4yt657s7we18p 0 248631 1594763 2026-09-06T11:31:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sphephelo S'Miso "Yaya" Sithole''' (aliyezaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1999]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu ya CD Tondela inayoshiriki Primeira Liga, pamoja na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini. == Kazi ya klabu == Sithole alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kitaaluma akiwa na B-SAD katika sare ya 1–1 ya Primeira Liga dhidi ya Braga tarehe 15 Julai 2020. Tarehe [[11 Julai]] [[2023]], baada ya B-SAD kushuka daraja kutoka Liga Portugal 2, Sithole alisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka miwili na Tondela. Tarehe [[22 Julai]] [[2024]], Sithole alijiunga na klabu ya Primeira Liga, Gil Vicente, kwa mkopo wa msimu mmoja wenye chaguo la kumnunua. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] [[2025]], Sithole aliitwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2025. Tarehe [[12 Juni]] [[2026]], katika mchezo wa ufunguzi wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] [[2026]], Sithole alionyeshwa kadi nyekundu baada ya dakika 50 za mchezo kwa kumzuia kiungo wa Mexico, Brian Gutiérrez, kupata nafasi ya kufunga bao, na hivyo kuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kutolewa kwa kadi nyekundu katika mashindano hayo. == Mafanikio == Afrika Kusini * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: nafasi ya tatu: 2023 <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/yaya-sithole/8QxUv8F5/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210109205203/https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player=199905030003&language=2</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/yaya-sithole/profil/spieler/401736</ref><ref>https://www.fotmob.com/players/1107735/sphephelo-sithole</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} ixov41ajjvbr6m4y3gw6fi03ws483hl 0 248632 1594765 2026-09-06T11:41:05Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dona Bertarelli''' (alizaliwa [[1968]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mhisani nchini [[Uswizi]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti mwenza wa Bertarelli Foundation, mwanzilishi wa Sails of Change, mwanzilishi mwenza wa Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy na mwanzilishi wa Global Fishing Watch Marine Manager. Yeye ni Mlinzi wa Asili wa IUCN. Kama baharia, yeye ni mshindi wa Bol d'Or Mirabaud ya 2010 na 2014 na, pamoja na timu yake Spindrift Racing, Fastnet Race mwaka 2013. Mwaka huo huo...' 1594765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dona Bertarelli''' (alizaliwa [[1968]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mhisani nchini [[Uswizi]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti mwenza wa Bertarelli Foundation, mwanzilishi wa Sails of Change, mwanzilishi mwenza wa Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy na mwanzilishi wa Global Fishing Watch Marine Manager. Yeye ni Mlinzi wa Asili wa IUCN. Kama baharia, yeye ni mshindi wa Bol d'Or Mirabaud ya 2010 na 2014 na, pamoja na timu yake Spindrift Racing, Fastnet Race mwaka 2013. Mwaka huo huo, yeye na timu yake pia walivunja rekodi ya Amerika Discovery Route. Katika majira ya baridi ya 2016 alipata Jules Verne Trophy.<ref name=AKA_Bertarelli_1> {{Cite web |url=https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donata-spaeth |title=Wealth-X dossier Donata Guichard Bertarelli |access-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510060921/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donata-spaeth/ |archive-date=10 May 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} </ref><ref name=AKA_Bertarelli_2>[http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/donata-bertarelli-spath-tops-wealthiest-swiss-women-list-180312741.html Donata Bertarelli Spath Tops Wealthiest Swiss Women List]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=At the first Sports for Nature Annual Meeting, sports propose a plan of action to protect biodiversity. - Sails of Change |url=https://www.sailsofchange.org/at-the-first-sports-for-nature-annual-meeting-sports-propose-a-plan-of-action-to-protect-biodiversity/ |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy |url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/projects/pew-bertarelli-ocean-legacy |access-date=26 April 2024}}</ref> Mwaka 2023, alitunukiwa kama Knight wa Agizo la Kitaifa la Legion of Honor ya [[Ufaransa]] na kama Kamanda wa agizo la kitaifa la Order of Honorato Vásquez wa [[Ekuador]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswizi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswizi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gohfba1xdscnx6gl23c1okqzndrxrqw 0 248633 1594766 2026-09-06T11:45:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Go Ahead Eagles - Mamelodi Sundowns FC - 53066348370 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sipho Mbule]] '''Sipho Percevale Mbule''', anayejulikana pia kama The Master Chef (aliyezaliwa [[22 Machi]] [[1998]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo wa kati katika [[klabu]] ya [[soka]] ya Iraq Zakho. == Taaluma == Mbule alizaliwa huko Bethlehem katika [[jimbo]] la [[Free State]]. Alianza taaluma yake ya ujana katika Harmony Sports Academy [[mwaka]] [[2013]], pamoja na Teboho Mokoena, kabla ya kujiunga na akademi ya SuperSport United. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika kikosi cha wakubwa cha SuperSport United mwezi [[Agosti]] [[2017]]. Mbule amefanya mazoezi na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Afrika Kusini ya U-17, na ameiwakilisha Afrika Kusini katika timu za taifa za U-20, U-23 na timu ya taifa ya wakubwa. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Tarehe [[1 Desemba]] 2025, Mbule aliitwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] [[2025]].<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/68627/Sipho_Mbule.html</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/mbule-sipho/vg3KbrGH/</ref><ref>https://iol.co.za/sport/soccer/2017-11-18-supersport-star-teenager-mbule-now-seeking-caf-glory/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} f8bslvx3hfk9un33uvwf1pv0vkdtoza 0 248634 1594767 2026-09-06T11:58:53Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1594767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Entrainement RCS - Lebo Mothiba (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lebo Mothiba]] '''Lebogang Mothiba''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Januari]] [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] anayecheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] inayoshiriki South African Premiership. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kitaaluma [[mwaka]] [[2017]] akiwa na klabu ya Valenciennes ya Ligue 2, kwa mkopo kutoka Lille, kabla ya kurejea katika klabu yake ya awali mwaka uliofuata. Akiwa huko, alifunga mabao sita katika mechi 17 kabla ya kuhamia katika klabu nyingine ya Ligue 1, Strasbourg, mwezi [[Agosti]] [[2018]], ambayo aliisaidia kutwaa Coupe de la Ligue katika msimu wake wa kwanza. Baada ya kuiwakilisha Afrika Kusini katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya [[Majira ya kiangazi|Majira ya Kiangazi]] ya [[2016]], Mothiba aliingia katika kikosi cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya wakubwa mwaka 2018, ambapo alikua mchezaji wa kwanza kufunga katika mechi tatu mfululizo kwa taifa hilo tangu alipocheza mechi yake ya kwanza. == Kazi ya klabu == === Mwanzo wa taaluma === Mothiba alitumia miaka yake ya mwanzo ya kukuza kipaji chake akiwa katika [[vitabu]] vya usajili vya klabu ya [[eneo]] lake, Mamelodi Sundowns. Hata hivyo, hakufanikiwa kufikia kikosi cha kwanza cha klabu hiyo, na baadaye alijiunga na akademi ya Diambars nchini Afrika Kusini, ambako alisajiliwa na klabu ya [[Ufaransa]], Lille, mwaka 2014, muda mfupi baada ya kutimiza umri wa [[miaka]] 18. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Mothiba aliiwakilisha Afrika Kusini katika mashindano ya soka ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya 2016. Mwaka 2016, aliitwa katika kikosi cha Afrika Kusini kwa ajili ya COSAFA Cup 2016. Mwezi [[Septemba]] 2017, aliitwa katika timu ya taifa ya wakubwa ya Afrika Kusini kwa mara ya kwanza kwa ajili ya mchezo wa kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Dunia]] la 2018 dhidi ya [[Burkina Faso]] tarehe 2 Oktoba 2017, lakini hakushiriki katika mchezo huo. Mwezi Machi 2018, alifunga bao katika mechi yake ya kwanza kamili ya kimataifa wakati wa Four Nations Tournament, katika sare dhidi ya [[Angola]]. == Mafanikio == Strasbourg * Coupe de la Ligue: 2018–19 Mamelodi Sundowns * South African Premiership: 2024–25 * CAF Champions League: 2025–26 * CAF Champions League, Mshindi wa pili: 2024–25 Afrika Kusini * Four Nations Tournament: 2018 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200714101821/https://www.ligue1.com/player?id=lebo-mothiba</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/mothiba-lebo/noqXU4Gb/</ref><ref>https://www.rcstrasbourgalsace.fr/joueurs/lebo-mothiba/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220127185133/https://www.estac.fr/actualites/20955/lebo-mothiba-est-bleu-blanc.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160914222935/http://www.losc.fr/content/lebo-mothiba-signe-pro-pour-3-ans</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} s7cw6uw78nlboht4znmtedln88lx1l4