Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 923 1595591 1489128 2026-09-09T14:29:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595591 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|320px|Afrika duniani.]] '''Afrika''' ni [[bara]] la pili kwa ukubwa na kwa idadi ya watu [[dunia|duniani]], likiwa na eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba milioni 30.3 na kuwa na zaidi ya watu bilioni 1.4 kufikia mwaka 2024. Linapakana na [[Bahari ya Mediteranea]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] upande wa magharibi, [[Bahari ya Hindi]] upande wa kusini-mashariki, na [[Bahari ya Shamu]] upande wa kaskazini-mashariki. Afrika ina mataifa 54 yanayotambuliwa kimataifa pamoja na maeneo kadhaa yenye viwango tofauti vya uhuru wa kiutawala.Bara hili lina utofauti mkubwa wa kijiografia, likijumuisha [[Jangwa la Sahara]], [[Mto Nile]], Msitu wa mvua wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]], Bonde Kuu la Ufa, na [[Jangwa la Kalahari]]. Afrika inachukuliwa kuwa chimbuko la binadamu, ambapo ushahidi wa unaonyesha binadamu wa awali walitokea katika eneo hili mamilioni ya miaka iliyopita. Afrika ina historia na urithi wa kitamaduni changamano, ulioundwa na ustaarabu wa kale kama [[Misri]], [[Karthago]], [[Axum]], [[Mali]], na [[Zimbabwe]] Kuu, pamoja na karne nyingi za biashara, uhamiaji, na ushawishi wa ukoloni. Mgawanyiko wa Afrika mwishoni mwa karne ya 19 ulisababisha utawala wa kikoloni wa [[Ulaya]] katika sehemu kubwa ya bara hili, huku mataifa mengi ya Afrika yakipata uhuru kati ya miaka ya 1950 na 1980. Leo, Afrika ni bara linaloshuhudia mabadiliko makubwa ya kiuchumi na kijamii, likiwa na rasilimali nyingi za asili, ongezeko la mijini, na mazingira mbalimbali ya kisiasa. Hata hivyo, linakabiliwa na changamoto kama [[umaskini]], ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa, na matatizo ya kimazingira. == Jina == [[Picha:Africa satellite plane.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|Afrika kutoka [[satelaiti]].]] [[Neno]] "Afrika" limetokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Kilatini]] ya [[Roma ya Kale]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Georges|first1=Karl Ernst|editor1-last=Georges|editor1-first=Heinrich|encyclopedia=Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch|date=1913–1918|location=Hannover|edition=8th|url=http://latin_german.deacademic.com/1644|accessdate=20 September 2015|language=German|title=Afri|=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116044500/http://latin_german.deacademic.com/1644|archivedate=2016-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116044500/http://latin_german.deacademic.com/1644}} {{Rejea tovuti |url=http://latin_german.deacademic.com/1644 | title = Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|accessdate=2016-03-01 |archivedate=2016-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116044500/http://latin_german.deacademic.com/1644 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Lewis|first1=Charlton T.|last2=Short|first2=Charles|encyclopedia=A Latin Dictionary|date=1879|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DAfer|accessdate=20 September 2015|title=Afer}}</ref> kwa [[jina]] hilo [[roma ya Kale|Waroma wa Kale]] walitaja eneo katika [[Tunisia]] ya leo, hawakumaanisha bara lote. Inasemekana [[asili]] yake ni [[kabila]] la "Afrig" lililoishi sehemu zile,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC&pg=PA200 Edward Lipinski, ''Itineraria Phoenicia''], Peeters Publishers, 2004, p. 200. ISBN 90-429-1344-4.</ref>lakini kuna pia maelezo mengine tofautitofauti. Wakati huo [[Ugiriki ya Kale|Wagiriki wa Kale]] walitumia zaidi jina la [[Libya]] kwa ajili ya nchi [[kusini]] kwa [[Bahari ya Mediteranea]], upande wa magharibi wa Misri. Maeneo ya ndani kuelekea kusini mara nyingi yaliitwa kwa jina la "[[Ethiopia]]" linalomaanisha nchi ya watu weusiweusi (kwa [[Kigiriki]] "aithiops": aliyechomwa na [[jua]]). Katika [[ramani]] za kale kutoka [[Ulaya]] maneno yote matatu ya "Afrika", "Lybia" na "Ethiopia" yanapatikana yakitumika kama jina la bara zima. Jina la "Afrika" limekuwa la kawaida kuanzia [[karne ya 16]] [[BK]]. ==Jiografia== [[File:EarthFromTheMoon-LRO-20151012a.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Afrika kutoka kwenye [[Mwezi]] (Ocktoba 2015)]] [[Picha:Africa-asia-america-to-scale.jpg|thumb|left|Uwiano kati ya Afrika, Asia na Amerika.]] Afrika imezungukwa na bahari karibu pande zote. Kuna kiungo chembamba cha nchi kavu upande wa [[kaskazini]] [[mashariki]] na bara la Asia kwenye [[rasi ya Sinai]] <ref>Drysdale, Alasdair and Gerald H. Blake. (1985) ''The Middle East and North Africa'', Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-503538-0.</ref>. Upande wa kaskazini iko [[Bahari ya Mediteranea]], upande wa mashariki kuna [[Bahari Hindi]] pamoja na [[Bahari ya Shamu]] na upande wa magharibi iko [[Bahari Atlantiki]]. Kuna [[kisiwa]] kikubwa cha [[Madagaska]] na [[funguvisiwa]] mbalimbali. Barani kuna [[nchi huru]] 54 zinazotambuliwa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], maeneo 9 yenye hali ya pekee na [[Dola|madola]] mawili ambayo yanajitawala bila kutambuliwa kimataifa. Kuna [[umbali]] wa [[kilomita]] 8,000 kutoka [[Ras ben Sakka]] nchini [[Tunisia]] (37°21' N, sehemu ya kaskazini kabisa) hadi rasi ya [[Cape Agulhas]] nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] (34°51'15" S, sehemu ya kusini kabisa)<ref>Lewin, Evans. (1924) ''Africa'', Clarendon press </ref>. Umbali ni km 7,400 kutoka upande wa magharibi (rasi ya [[Cape Verde]], 17°33'22" W) hadi mashariki ([[Ras Hafun]] nchini [[Somalia]], 51°27'52" E)<ref name="MW">(1998) ''Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary (Index)'', Merriam-Webster, pp. 10–11. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.</ref>. [[Pwani]] yote ya Afrika ina [[urefu]] wa kilomita 26,000. Nchi kubwa ya Afrika ni [[Algeria]] na nchi ndogo ni funguvisiwa la [[Shelisheli]] katika Bahari Hindi.<ref name="Hoare">Hoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publications. p. 11. ISBN 0-7534-5569-2.</ref> Nchi ndogo Afrika bara ni [[Gambia]]. [[jiolojia|Kijiolojia]] Afrika iko kwenye [[bamba la Afrika]]. Lile [[bamba la gandunia]] la Afrika linaenea mbali zaidi kuliko maeneo tunayotazama kuwa Afrika [[jiografia|kijiografia]], ni pamoja na maeneo chini ya bahari linapopakana na [[bamba la Ulaya-Asia|mabamba ya Ulaya-Asia]], [[bamba la Uarabuni|Uarabuni]], [[bamba la Uhindi|Uhindi]] na [[bamba la Australia|Australia]], [[Antaktika]], [[Amerika ya Kusini]] na [[Amerika Kaskazini|Kaskazini]]. Upande wa mashariki wa bamba la Afrika kuna [[ufa]] unaozidi kupanuka ikielekea kujitenga kutoka Afrika kama [[bamba la Somalia]]. ===Tabianchi=== [[File:Vegetation Africa.png|thumb|right|300px|Uoto barani Afrika]] Tabianchi ya Afrika ni pana, kuanzia kanda za [[tropiki]] hadi kufikia maeneo ya [[nusu-aktiki]] (baridi) kwenye ncha za [[milima]] mirefu. Nusu ya kaskazini ya bara ni [[jangwa]] au angalau [[yabisi]]. Sehemu za kati na za kusini zina maeneo ya [[savanna]] na kanda za [[msitu wa mvua]]. Afrika ni bara lenye [[joto]] kuliko mabara yote na asilimia 60 za uso wake ni maeneo yabisi au [[jangwa]]. <ref name="environmentalatlas">[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/afrfocus/afrfocus061708.html "Africa: Environmental Atlas, 06/17/08."] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/afrfocus/afrfocus061708.html |date=20120105193432 }} [http://www.africa.upenn.edu African Studies Center] {{Wayback|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/ |date=20110731143110 }}, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed June 2011.</ref> == Nchi za Afrika == {{main|Orodha ya nchi za Afrika}} {{Afrikamap|float=left}} <div style="clear: both"></div> ==Demografia == {{main|Demografia ya Afrika}} [[File:Kobli1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Mwanamke wa [[Benin]].]] [[Wataalamu]] wengi wanakubaliana kutambua Afrika kama asili ya [[binadamu]] wote walioko duniani. <ref>[http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: Feb. 16, 2005] {{wayback|url=http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html |date=20071024234234 }}</ref> Mwaka 2010 idadi ya wakazi wa nchi zote za Afrika ilipita [[bilioni]] 1. Ni kwamba [[idadi]] yao imeongezeka sana katika miaka 40 iliyopita, ikipiku zile za [[Ulaya]] na [[Amerika]]. Ilhali mwaka [[1950]] walikuwepo Waafrika milioni 229 pekee, idadi iliongezeka kuwa milioni 630 mwaka [[1990]] na milioni 1200 mnamo [[2014]]. <ref>"[http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_proj_africa.aspx Past and future population of Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.geohive.com/earth/his_proj_africa.aspx |date=20150924044751 }}". Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013).</ref> <ref>[http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/08/13/340091377/unicef-report-africas-population-could-hit-4-billion-by-2100 UNICEF Report: Africa's Population Could Hit 4 Billion By 2100]. [[NPR|National Public Radio]] (NPR). 13 August 2014.</ref> Hivyo [[asilimia]] ya [[watoto]] na [[vijana]] ni kubwa. Kuna nchi kadhaa ambako zaidi ya [[nusu]] ya wananchi wako chini ya [[umri]] wa miaka 25.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.overpopulation.org/Africa.html| title = Africa Population Dynamics|accessdate=2016-02-29|archivedate=2015-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217040305/http://www.overpopulation.org/Africa.html}}</ref> Wakazi wa Afrika ni vijana kuliko wale wa mabara mengine yote;<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Njideka U. | last=Harry | title = African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society| date = 11 Septemba 2013}}</ref> mwaka [[2012]] umri wa wastani ulikuwa miaka 19.7, wakati kidunia ulikuwa 30.4.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf| title = item,4 of the provisional agenda - General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|work=UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA|author=ABDOULIE JANNEH| date = Aprili 2012|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:400 height:200 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1400 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2010 text:2010 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1950 from:0 till:229.895000 bar:1960 from:0 till:286.729000 bar:1970 from:0 till:368.148000 bar:1980 from:0 till:482.803000 bar:1990 from:0 till:635.287000 bar:2000 from:0 till:811.101000 bar:2010 from:0 till:1022.234000 PlotData= bar:1950 at: 229.895000 fontsize:S text:230 shift:(-10,5) bar:1960 at: 286.729000 fontsize:S text:287 shift:(-10,5) bar:1970 at: 368.148000 fontsize:S text:368 shift:(-10,5) bar:1980 at: 482.803000 fontsize:S text:483 shift:(-10,5) bar:1990 at: 635.287000 fontsize:S text:635 shift:(-10,5) bar:2000 at: 811.101000 fontsize:S text:811 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 1022.234000 fontsize:S text:1.022 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:"Quelle: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs" </timeline> === Lugha === {{main|Lugha za Afrika}} [[File:Africa ethnic groups 1996.jpg|thumb|upright|Ramani ya lugha za Afrika: {{legend|#E6EAAD|[[Lugha za Kiafrika-Kiasia]]}} {{legend|#8E7D8F|[[Lugha za Austronesia]]}} {{legend|#8A421A|[[Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]]}} {{legend|#DC782D|[[Lugha za Khoisan]]}} [[Lugha za Kikongo-Kiniger]]: {{legend|#A6BE50|[[Lugha za Kibantu]]}} {{legend|#E9A96C|[[Lugha za Kisudani]] za Kati na Mashariki}} {{legend|#51384E|Central Bantoid}} {{legend|#C96273|Eastern Bantoid}} {{legend|#A7BC47|Guinean}} {{legend|#B77B85|[[Lugha za Kimande]]}} {{legend|#4D7830|Western Bantoid}} [[Lugha za Kinilo-Sahara]]: {{legend|#827241|[[Kanuri language|Kanuri]]}} {{legend|#824240|[[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]]}} {{legend|#C88C50|[[Lugha za Kisonghai]]}}]] Zaidi ya [[lugha]] elfu za Kiafrika zinazungumzwa barani leo, ingawa nyingi zinazidi kufifia. [[Kusini mwa Afrika]], [[Afrika Mashariki]] na [[Afrika ya Kati|ya Kati]] watu wengi ni wasemaji wa [[lugha za Kibantu]] (kwa mfano [[Kiswahili]]). Asili yao ilikuwa pande za kusini za [[kanda ya Sahel]] na kutoka kule walienea katika sehemu nyingi za Afrika upande wa kusini kwa Sahara.<ref>Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). "''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective]''". PUQ. p. 204. ISBN 2-7605-1588-5</ref> Kuna pia vikundi vya wasemaji wa [[lugha za Kinilo-Sahara]] waliofika hadi Afrika ya Mashariki. Wakazi asilia siku hizi wako wachache, wakionekana kama wasemaji wa [[lugha za Khoisan]] au za [[Wabilikimo]].<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article402970.ece "Pygmies struggle to survive in war zone where abuse is routine"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article402970.ece |date=20100525095020 }}. ''Times'' Online. December 16, 2004.</ref> Watu wa Afrika Magharibi husema zaidi [[Lugha za Kiniger-Kongo]] hasa zisizo za Kibantu, pamoja na wasemaji wa lugha za Kinilo-Sahara. Watu wa [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] kiasili walikuwa hasa wa makundi matatu: *[[Waberber]] upande wa magharibi * [[Wamisri]] upande wa mashariki * wasemaji wa lugha za Kinilo-Sahara [[Waarabu]] waliovamia eneo hilo lote tangu [[karne ya 7]] [[BK]] wameleta lugha yao pamoja na [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]]. Lugha yao imekuwa lugha ya watu wengi siku hizi. Wasemaji wa [[Kiberber]] bado wako wengi kidogo [[Moroko]] na [[Algeria]] na wachache katika sehemu za [[Tunisia]] na [[Libya]].<ref>{{Rejea habari| title = Q&A: The Berbers|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3509799.stm|accessdate=30 December 2013|newspaper=BBC News| date = 12 Machi 2004}}</ref> Kutokana na [[ukoloni]], [[lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]] zinazumgumzwa pia, hasa [[Kiingereza]], [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kireno]]. [[Kiafrikaans]] ni lugha ya pekee ya [[Afrika Kusini]] yenye asili ya [[Ulaya]]. Katika kisiwa cha Madagaska kwenye Bahari ya Hindi, inatumika lugha ya [[Kimalagasy]], ambayo ni kati ya [[lugha za Austronesia]]. ===Dini=== {{Main|Dini barani Afrika}} [[File:Religion distribution Africa crop.png|thumb|center|Ramani ya dini barani Afrika.]] Waafrika wana [[imani]] za dini nyingi tofauti, lakini [[takwimu]] zinazotolewa hazina hakika, pia kwa sababu suala hilo ni nyeti kisiasa kwa [[serikali]] zenye mchanganyiko mkubwa wa watu, kama vile [[Nigeria]], [[Ethiopia]] na [[Tanzania]].<ref name=stanford>[http://library.stanford.edu/africa/religion.html "African Religion on the Internet"] {{Wayback|url=http://library.stanford.edu/africa/religion.html |date=20080509144121 }}, [[Stanford University]]</ref><ref name=NYT>{{Rejea habari|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C00EEDC1030F932A35752C1A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1| date = Novemba 1, 2001| title = Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere|first=Normitsu|last=Onishi|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2009-03-01}}</ref> Kadiri ya [[World Book Encyclopedia]], [[Uislamu barani Afrika|Islam]] ndiyo inayoongoza, ikifuatwa na [[Ukristo barani Afrika|Ukristo]]. Kumbe kadiri ya [[Encyclopedia Britannica]], 45% za wakazi ni [[Wakristo]], 40% ni [[Waislamu]] na 10% wanafuata [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]]. Wachache tu ni [[Wahindu]], [[Wabuddha]], [[Bahai|Wabaha'i]] au hawana dini yoyote. {{clear}} == Tazama pia == {{Lango|Afrika}} * [[Historia ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya milima ya Afrika]] * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] * [[Maziwa ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Marejeo == * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Asante|first=Molefi|authorlink=Molefi Asante| title = The History of Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofafricaq0000asan|publisher=Routledge|location=USA| date = 2007|isbn=0-415-77139-0}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Clark|first=J. Desmond|authorlink=J. Desmond Clark| title = The Prehistory of Africa|publisher=Thames and Hudson|location=London| date = 1970|isbn=978-0-500-02069-2}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Crowder|first=Michael| title = The Story of Nigeria|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofnigeria0000crow_x6k2|publisher=Faber|location=London| date = 1978|isbn=978-0-571-04947-9}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Davidson|first=Basil|authorlink=Basil Davidson| title = The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times|publisher=Penguin|location=Harmondsworth| date = 1966|oclc=2016817}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Gordon|first=April A.|author2=Donald L. Gordon| title = Understanding Contemporary Africa|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|location=Boulder| date = 1996|isbn=978-1-55587-547-3}} * {{Rejea kitabu|last=Khapoya|first=Vincent B.| title = The African experience: an introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/africanexperienc00khap|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ| date = 1998|isbn=978-0-13-745852-3}} * Moore, Clark D., and Ann Dunbar (1968). ''Africa Yesterday and Today'', in series, ''The George School Readings on Developing Lands''. New York: Praeger Publishers. * [[V. S. Naipaul|Naipaul, V. S.]]. ''The Masque of Africa: Glimpses of African Belief''. Picador, 2010. ISBN 978-0-330-47205-0 * Besenyő, János. [http://www.kalasnyikov.hu/dokumentumok/besenyo_western_sahara.pdf Western Sahara] (2009), free online PDF book, Publikon Publishers, Pécs, ISBN 978-963-88332-0-4, 2009 * Wade, Lizzie. ''[http://news.sciencemag.org/archaeology/2015/02/drones-and-satellites-spot-lost-civilizations-unlikely-places Drones and satellites spot lost civilizations in unlikely places]'', [[American Association for the Advancement of Science|Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)]], DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa7864, 2015 * Petringa, Maria. ''Brazza, A Life for Africa'', 2006. ISBN 978-1-4259-1198-0. ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://pacifismo.altervista.org History of Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://pacifismo.altervista.org/ |date=20160307140414 }} Marco Notari, for Africa * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa}} * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/ African & Middle Eastern Reading Room] from the United States [[Library of Congress]] * [http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/ Africa South of the Sahara] from [[Stanford University]] * [http://www.afrika.no/index/ The Index on Africa] from ''The Norwegian Council for Africa'' * [http://www.aluka.org/ Aluka] Digital library of scholarly resources from and about Africa * [http://www.usaraf.army.mil/MAP_INTERACTIVE/INTERACTIVE_MAP.swf Africa Interactive Map] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usaraf.army.mil/MAP_INTERACTIVE/INTERACTIVE_MAP.swf |date=20100117005910 }} from the [[United States Army Africa]] ;Historia * [http://www.africankingdoms.com/ African Kingdoms] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section10.shtml The Story of Africa] from [[BBC World Service]] * [http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Urgent_Action/menu_APIC.html Africa Policy Information Center (APIC)] ;Habari * [http://allafrica.com/ allAfrica.com] {{Wayback|url=http://allafrica.com/ |date=20160210121749 }} current news, events and statistics * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/focus_magazine/index.shtml Focus on Africa] magazine from [[BBC World Service]] {{Africa topics}} [[Jamii:Afrika|*]] [[Jamii:Bara]] a6c0nxmd1m7ulqxnqqdk6sw2p6tbfqa 4 1638 1595631 1457227 2026-09-09T19:46:05Z Muddyb 379 /* Wakabidhi (Administrators) */ 1595631 wikitext text/x-wiki <small>== Jalada (''Archive'') == ** ''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi/1]]'' ** ''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi/2]]'' ** ''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi/3]]'' ** ''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi/4]] (2013 hadi 2020 Mwanzo)'' ** ''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi/5]] (2020-03/2023''</small> ==Usimamizi wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa jumla '''shughuli za usimamizi''' ni pamoja na: kupitia mara kwa mara ukurasa wa [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni?hidebots=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&limit=500&days=30&enhanced=1&urlversion=2 Mabadiliko ya karibuni], kuangalia makala mpya na mabadiliko, kufuta spam dhahiri, kupeleka makala zisizofaa kwenye ukurasa wa ufutaji, kushiriki katika ufutaji, kukaribisha wageni. '''Kila mtumiaji anaweza kushiriki katika sehemu kubwa ya kazi hizo'''. Wanawikipedia wamechaguliwa kutekeleza shughuli za pekee zisizopatikana kwa kila mtu. '''Mkabidhi''' <small>''(Kiingereza admin au sysop)''</small> ni mhariri anayeweza kutumia zana za kifundi, kwa mfano, kufuta makala kabisa, kuhifadhi makala, kuzuia waharibifu na kadhalika. Mkabidhi ni msaidizi tu. Hana hukumu maalum juu ya maandishi ya makala au sera ya kamusi elezo. '''Mrasimu''' <small>''(Kiingereza bureaucrat)''</small> ana uwezo wa kumfanya mtu kuwa mkabidhi, kubadilisha jina la mtumiaji na kuteua akaunti ya kikaragosi ("set bot flag", kwa Kiingereza). == Wakabidhi (''Administrators'') == ''(orodha imeangaliwa upya tarehe 16 Julai 2023)''. BOTs: please use the [[Wikipedia:Bots|Wikipedia:Bots page]] to request bot status, and one of the bureaucrats will deal with it. * '''Mrasimu''' ''(Bureaucrat)'' ** [[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ** [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] * '''Mkabidhi''' ''(Administrator, sysop)'' ** [[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ** [[mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ** [[mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ** [[mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ** [[mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ** [[mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ** [[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ** [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ** [[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ** [[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] * '''Wakabidhi wa zamani (ambao wameondoka katika mradi, kuacha kuhariri, kujiuzulu au kufariki dunia)''' ** [[Mtumiaji:Neno|Neno]], [[Mtumiaji:Matt Crypto~swwiki|Matt Crypto]], [[Mtumiaji:Mr Accountable|Mr Accountable]], [[Mtumiaji:Marcos|Marcos]], [[Mtumiaji:Flowerparty|Flowerparty]], [[mtumiaji:Baba Tabita|Baba Tabita]], [[mtumiaji:Malangali|Malangali]], [[Mtumiaji:Ndesanjo|Ndesanjo]], [[Mtumiaji:Sj|Sj]], [[mtumiaji:Manguboy|Manguboy]], [[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] Tumeamua kwamba mkabidhi asipohariri kwenye swwiki kwa muda wa mwaka mzima afutwe kama mkabidhi. ===Taratibu za uchaguzi zilizokubaliwa=== ====Utaratibu wa kupiga kura==== Utaratibu ufuatao umekubaliwa kati ya wakabidhi na kutumika tangu Septemba mwaka 2020 (tazama ukurasa wa majadiliano) ::a) '''Mpiga kura''' awe aliyewahi kuandikishwa tangu mwezi 1 (hatutaki waliojiandikisha jana kwa kumpigia kura rafiki leo) ::b) aliyewahi kuhariri makala 3 kwenye swwiki (nje ya ukurasa wake mwenyewe; haitoshi kutunga/kusahihisha makala 1-2 pekee) ::c) aliyehariri katika miezi 12 kabla ya kura yetu ====Utaratibu wa kutambua wakabidhi ==== Kulingana na utaratibu jinsi ilivyo katika wikipedia nyingi inapendekezwa ::A) Mkabidhi ambaye hajahariri kwa miezi 12 anaondolewa haki zake za ukabidhi; akirudi anaweza kurudishwa kwa mapatano ya wakabidhi waliopo ::B) Mkabidhi aliyepo na kuhariri ataendelea (linganisha [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Wakabidhi_(Administrators)|orodha juu kabisa]]) ::: (imekubaliwa kwa kura ya jumuiya kwenye Septemba 2020) ====Utaratibu wa kuchaguliwa mkabidhi==== Mgombea anayepokea zaidi ya nusu ya idadi ya kura zote zilizotolewa kwenye uchaguzi atachaguliwa kuwa mkabidhi. ::: (imekubaliwa kwa kura ya jumuiya kwenye Aprili 2023) ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili|Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Kama umekuwa mchangiaji hapa swwiki kwa muda wa mwaka 1 au zaidi na ungependa kujadiliana nasi kuhusu njia za kuendeleza Wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili, basi [[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili|tembelea ukurasa ule wa Meta]] na ujiandikishe. ==Uchaguzi wa wakabidhi wa nyongeza / KURA IMEKWISHA== Mkutano wa wakabidhi kwenye tarehe 01.04.2023 uliona kuwa mkabidhi mmoja aliondoka baada ya kutohariri kwa mwaka mmoja. Hivyo ni vema kuongeza tena idadi ya wakabidhi. '''Kuanzia leo tarehe 16.04. hadi 23.04.2023 kuna nafasi ya kupiga kura.''' ===Utaratibu wa Kupiga kura=== '''Una haki ya kupiga kura kama''' a) umewahi kuandikishwa tangu mwezi 1 (yaani tangu 1 Machi 2023)<br/> b) umewahi kuhariri makala 3 kwenye swwiki (nje ya ukurasa wako mwenyewe; haitoshi kutunga/kusahihisha makala 1-2 pekee)<br/> c) umehariri katika miezi 12 kabla ya kura, yaani tangu Machi 2022<br/> Andika alama ya '''<big><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></big>''' kwenye nafasi ya "Nakubali" au "Sikubali" kwa kila jina. Unaruhusiwa kutaja sababu zako katika mabano baada ya alama ya '''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>''' ===WAGOMBEA=== <center>''Usitumie nafasi ya "jibu"!''</center> 1 '''<big>[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]]</big> ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 18:52, 1 Aprili 2023 (UTC) (sifa za mgombea '''[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec-generalstats/sw.wikipedia.org/Anuary%20Rajabu ona hapa]''')<br/> '''Nakubali''': '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC), --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:54, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 06:41, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ana maarifa mazuri ,mchangiaji anaejitolea mara kwa mara,anastahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --- '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:57, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|Gladys Gibbs]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|HappyDeLuckiest]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|majadiliano]])''' 16:16, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Codtz|Codtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Codtz|majadiliano]])''' 20:47, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Kyle Heaven|Kyle Heaven]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kyle Heaven|majadiliano]])''' 06:20, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Ezekieli Shayo|Ezekieli Shayo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ezekieli Shayo|majadiliano]])''' 06:23, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)---'''[[Mtumiaji:Kelvin-Meena|Kelvin-Meena]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kelvin-Meena|majadiliano]])''' 06:27, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Siwema Nikini|Siwema Nikini]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Siwema Nikini|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''Sikubali''': <br> 2 <big>[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]]</big> ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]]) (sifa za mgombea '''[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec-generalstats/sw.wikipedia.org/Justine%20Msechu ona hapa]''') <br/> '''Nakubali''': '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC), --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:54, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ana ujuzi mzuri,na mchangiajia wa mara kwa mara '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --- '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:57, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|Gladys Gibbs]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|Abubakari Sixberth]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|majadiliano]])''' 13:07, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|HappyDeLuckiest]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|majadiliano]])''' 16:16, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Codtz|Codtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Codtz|majadiliano]])''' 20:47, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Kyle Heaven|Kyle Heaven]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kyle Heaven|majadiliano]])''' 06:20, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Ezekieli Shayo|Ezekieli Shayo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ezekieli Shayo|majadiliano]])''' 06:23, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)---'''[[Mtumiaji:Kelvin-Meena|Kelvin-Meena]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kelvin-Meena|majadiliano]])''' 06:27, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Siwema Nikini|Siwema Nikini]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Siwema Nikini|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''Sikubali''': <br> 3 <big>[[Mtumiaji:Christian Anold Mosha|Christian Anold Mosha]]</big> ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christian Anold Mosha|majadiliano]]) (sifa za mgombea '''[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec-generalstats/sw.wikipedia.org/Christian%20Anold%20Mosha ona hapa]''')<br/> '''Nakubali''':anaweza kuchangia vizuri, tunaweza kuwa nae ili kuongeza idadi ya wakabidhi wanawake,maana tunae mmoja tu hadi sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --- Mtumiaji huyu ni mbobevu mwanzoni alikua na akaunti yenye jina [[Mtumiaji:Mary calist mlay|Mary]] ilitokea kwamba akaunti yake ilifungiwa na hivyo akafungua akaunti mpya hii. Ona michango yake kwenye hii akaunti ya zamani hapa [https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/sw.wikipedia.org/Mary%20calist%20mlay] '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:57, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|Gladys Gibbs]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Praygod|Christina Praygod]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Praygod|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Praygod mwanga|Praygod mwanga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Praygod mwanga|majadiliano]])''' 12:39, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|HappyDeLuckiest]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|majadiliano]])''' 16:16, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Codtz|Codtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Codtz|majadiliano]])''' 20:47, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|majadiliano]])''' 21:04, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC)<br> '''Sikubali''': '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) (hajapata maarifa bado) --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:54, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 09:15, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) Naona bado hana uzoefu wa kutosha, ana gap kama mwakamzima kuanzia Aprili 2022 and Februari 2023 ambapo hakua anachangia '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC) 4 '''<big>[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]]</big> ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:02, 2 Aprili 2023 (UTC) - (sifa za mgombea '''[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec-generalstats/sw.wikipedia.org/Hussein%20m%20mmbaga ona hapa]''')<br/> '''Nakubali''': '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:54, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 06:05, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --- '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:57, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|Gladys Gibbs]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|HappyDeLuckiest]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|majadiliano]])''' 16:16, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Codtz|Codtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Codtz|majadiliano]])''' 20:47, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC)---'''[[Mtumiaji:Super8 Devs|Super8 Devs]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Super8 Devs|majadiliano]])''' 06:06, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)---'''[[Mtumiaji:Kelvin-Meena|Kelvin-Meena]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kelvin-Meena|majadiliano]])''' 06:09, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)---'''[[Mtumiaji:Bryson Kweka|Bryson Kweka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bryson Kweka|majadiliano]])''' 06:11, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)---'''[[Mtumiaji:Kyle Heaven|Kyle Heaven]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kyle Heaven|majadiliano]])''' 06:18, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Ezekieli Shayo|Ezekieli Shayo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ezekieli Shayo|majadiliano]])''' 06:23, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Siwema Nikini|Siwema Nikini]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Siwema Nikini|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 19 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''Sikubali''': <br> 5 '''<big>[[Mtumiaji:Nashfatty|Nashfatty]]</big> ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Nashfatty|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 9 Aprili 2023 (UTC) - (sifa za mgombea '''[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec-generalstats/sw.wikipedia.org/Nashfatty ona hapa]''')<br/> '''Nakubali''': '''Sikubali''': '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:56, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) (hajapata maarifa bado) --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:54, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC)hana maarifa ya kutosha,hachangii mara kwa mara '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 09:15, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|HappyDeLuckiest]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|majadiliano]])''' 16:16, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Codtz|Codtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Codtz|majadiliano]])''' 20:47, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC) <br> 6 '''<big>[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]]</big> ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 03:05, 10 Aprili 2023 (UTC) - (sifa za mgombea '''[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec-generalstats/sw.wikipedia.org/Husseyn%20Issa ona hapa]''')<br/> '''Nakubali''': --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:54, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --- '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:57, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) ---'''[[Mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|Gladys Gibbs]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gladys Gibbs|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) --'''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 16:13, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|HappyDeLuckiest]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HappyDeLuckiest|majadiliano]])''' 16:16, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Codtz|Codtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Codtz|majadiliano]])''' 20:47, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|Mimi Prowess]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mimi Prowess|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Bs-Afrique|Bs-Afrique]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bs-Afrique|majadiliano]])''' 21:09, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Jonny Frosty|Jonny Frosty]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jonny Frosty|majadiliano]])''' 15:38, 17 Aprili 2023 (UTC); '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:59, 22 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''Sikubali''': ===Matokeo ya uchaguzi=== Walioshiriki kwenye uchaguzi walikuwa 25. Wawili hawakuwa na haki ya kupiga kura (mmoja alijiandikisha tu kwenye Aprili 2023, mmoja hakuhariri zaidi ya mwaka mmoja), hivyo idadi ya kura halali ilikuwa 23. Nusu yake ni 11.5, hivyo alichaguliwa aliyepata kura 12. '''Waliochaguliwa''': Anuari Rajabu (kura halali 13), Justine Msechu (kura halali 13), Hussein m mmbaga (kura halali 15), Husseyn Issa (kura halali 13). ==Pendekezo kuhusu Utaratibu wa kuchaguliwa mkabidhi== Mkutano wa wakabidhi kwenye tarehe 01.04.2023 uliamua kupendekeza utaratibu fulani utakaopigiwa kura pamoja na uchaguzi ujao wa wakabidhi wa nyongeza: ::'''Mgombea anayepokea zaidi ya nusu ya idadi ya kura zote zilizotolewa kwenye uchaguzi atachaguliwa kuwa mkabidhi.'''<br/> '''Nakubali''': '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 00:39, 16 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:12, 22 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 07:29, 22 Aprili 2023 (UTC)'''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 11:59, 22 Aprili 2023 (UTC) '''Sikubali''': ==Pendekezo la kuondoa WAKABIDHI wasio hai== Ndugu zangu, kumekuwa na mambo yameingia hapa na pale. Mzee Riccardo alinitafuta sandukuni kuhusu idadi ya wakabidhi kusoma 17 wakati kimsingi tupo 13. Hivyo basi kuna pendekezo la kuondoa haki za ukabidhi watuamiji wafuatao. Wengine wametangulia mbele za haki, wengine hawapo katika katika mradi. 1. [[User:Kipala]] 2. [[User:Sj]] 3. [[User:Manguboy]] 4. [[User:Ndesanjo]] ;KUBALI {{support}}: Ninakubali kuondolewa haki za mkabidhi kwa watajwa hapo juu.[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:08, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) {{support}} Ninakubali kuondolewa haki za mkabidhi kwa watajwa hapo juu '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 21:20, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) {{support}}: Ninakubali kuondolewa haki za mkabidhi kwa watajwa hapo juu '''[[Mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|Asterlegorch367]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Asterlegorch367|majadiliano]])''' 06:22, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) {{support}}: Ninakubali kuondolewa kwa wakabidhi [[User:Kipala]], [[User:Sj]], [[User:Ndesanjo]] na[[User:Manguboy]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 07:03, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) {{support}}: Ninakubali kuondolewa haki za mkabidhi kwa watajwa hapo juu ingawa kwa kweli nilifikiri wameshaondolewa kwa utaratibu wa kawaida kutokana na kifo au kutowajibika kabisa kwa zaidi ya mwaka mmoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:40, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Ndugu, suala letu limetimizwa. Wahusika hapo juu wameondolewa katika haki ya mkabidhi. Ahsanteni sana kwa ushirkiano wenu. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 12:04, 10 Julai 2024 (UTC) ;KATAA {{oppose}}: ==[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157]] - Ombi la ukabidhi wa muda wa kusano (interface)== Ninapenda kuwasilisha ombi la kupatiwa mamlaka ya ''Interface Administrator'' ili kusaidia katika kazi za kiufundi zinazohusiana na matengenezo na uboreshaji wa vipengele vya muundo wa tovuti (interface), kama vile mafaili ya JavaScript, CSS, pamoja na kurasa nyingine za mfumo wa MediaWiki. Majukumu haya yanahusisha kurekebisha hitilafu, kusasisha gadgets, na kuboresha muonekano na matumizi ya tovuti kwa mujibu wa mahitaji ya jamii. Kwa kuwa kwa sasa hakuna Interface Administrator anayehudumu katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, ningependa kuchukua jukumu hili ili kuhakikisha kuwa kazi hizi muhimu za kiufundi zinashughulikiwa ipasavyo.[[Mtumiaji: Muddyb|×]] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:22, 7 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::Imesubirishwa kwa muda hadi hapo muombaji akiwa tayari atapitishwa bila kusubiri tena.[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:29, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Done. Hadi Agosti 2026. Asiporejea baada ya mwezi, haki hizi zitaondolewa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:41, 13 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ==Msimaizi wa KUSANO - [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]== Salaamu wanajumuia ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Kuna kazi ya kuunda jedwali la takwimu za makala fulani. Pengine za ugonjwa ambazo zilinywa na Ndugu [[Mtumiaji:Doc James]] kutoka Canada amekuwa akifanya kazi hiyo kwa muda sasa. Hivyo basi ninatoa taarifa hii kumpigia kura ili kazi yetu iwe rahisi. Huu ndiyo umuhimu wa mikutano ya Wikimania hapa Kenya imetufikisha hapa. ;Ninakubali [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:48, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:47, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:32, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:33, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:35, 13 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jadnapac|majadiliano]])''' 20:40, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 14:58, 24 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ;Ninakataa == Ona pia == * [[:en:Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide]] (Kiingereza) * [[:de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] (Kijerumani) [[Jamii:Wikipedia]] 6tt3idhcofwl0k0x0pxf17jgcl7oc81 0 3193 1595664 1570925 2026-09-10T06:10:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi|jina_rasmi=Jamhuri ya Kodivaa|jina_asili=''République de Côte d'Ivoire'' ([[Kifaransa]])|bendera=Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg|nembo=Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Ivory_Coast.svg|ramani=Côte d'Ivoire (orthographic projection).svg|ramani2=Côte d'Ivoire topographic map-sw.svg|ukubwa_nembo=90|ukubwa_bendera=120|kaulimbiu=<br>''Union – Discipline – Travail'' (Kifaransa)<br>"Umoja– Nidhamu – Kazi"|wimbo=''[[L'Abidjanaise]]''<br>"Wimbo wa Abidjan"|mji_mkuu=[[Yamoussoukro]]|mji_mkubwa=[[Abidjan]]|latd=6|latm=51|latNS=N|longd=5|longm=18|longEW=W|latd2=5|latm2=20|latNS2=N|longd2=4|longm2=1|longEW2=W|lugha_rasmi=[[Kifaransa]]|serikali=[[Jamhuri]]|muundo_uhuru='''Historia'''|eneo_jumla=322 463|cheo_eneo=67|maji=1.4|sensa=2014|watu_kadirio=29 344 847|mwaka_kadirio=2023|cheo_watu=52|watu_sensa=22 671 331|msongamano=91.1|fedha=[[Faranga ya CFA]]|majira_saa=+0 ([[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]])|msimbo_simu=225|tld=.ci|tukio1=Kuasisi kwa jamhuri|tukio2=[[Uhuru]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]]|tukio1_tarehe=4 Desemba 1958|tukio2_tarehe=7 Agosti 1960|kiongozi1=[[Alassane Ouattara]]|kiongozi2=[[Patrick Achi]]|cheo_kiongozi1=[[Rais wa Kodivaa|Rais]]|cheo_kiongozi2=[[Waziri Mkuu wa Kodivaa|Waziri Mkuu]]}} [[File:Abidjan2.jpg|300x300px|thumb|[[Abidjan]] ni mji mkubwa na muhimu zaidi kiuchumi wa Ivory Coast .]] '''Kodivaa'''<ref>{{Cite TUKI|toleo=4|ukurasa=784}}</ref> (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: '''Côte d'Ivoire'''{{Efn|Tamka: kot divwar. Jina la Kifaransa lina maana ya "pwani ya pembe za ndovu"}}, rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Kodivaa''' ni nchi ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. Imepakana na [[Liberia]] na [[Guinea]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[Mali]] na [[Burkina Faso]] [[kaskazini]], [[Ghana]] [[mashariki]] na [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] ya [[Atlantiki]] upande wa [[kusini]]. Ikiwa na idadi ya watu milioni 32 ni nchi ya 32 kubwa duniani kwa idadi ya watu. [[Yamoussoukro]] ndio mji mkuu na [[Abidjan]] ndio mji mkubwa. Kodivaa ni nchi ya pwani ya [[Afrika Magharibi]] yenye [[hali ya hewa]] ya kitropiki, maeneo mbalimbali ya ikolojia, na pwani kando ya [[Ghuba ya Gine]] inayosaidia shughuli za bandari na uvuvi. Sehemu ya kusini kwa ujumla ina unyevunyevu na misitu mingi, wakati kaskazini hubadilika kuwa maeneo ya [[savana]] ya ukanda wa Sudani-Sahel. Tofauti hii ya kijiografia inaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa mgawanyo wa watu, [[kilimo]], na shughuli za kiuchumi nchini kote. Nchi ina uchumi ulio na utofauti ambao ni miongoni mwa mkubwa zaidi [[Afrika Magharibi]], ukiungwa mkono na [[kilimo]], [[huduma]], na [[viwanda]]. Ni mojawapo ya wazalishaji na wauzaji wakuu wa kakao duniani, pamoja na uzalishaji mkubwa wa [[kahawa]], [[korosho]], mafuta ya mawese, na mpira. Sekta ya [[viwanda]] inajumuisha usindikaji wa vyakula, utengenezaji, ujenzi, na uzalishaji wa nishati, huku sekta ya huduma hasa fedha, mawasiliano, na biashara ikipanuka kwa kasi katika miji mikubwa. Kodivaa pia ina nafasi muhimu ya kisiasa na kiuchumi katika [[Afrika Magharibi]]. Ni mwanachama wa [[ECOWAS|Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Nchi za Afrika Magharibi]] na Umoja wa Kiuchumi na Fedha wa Afrika Magharibi, ambayo huathiri sera zake za kifedha na ushirikiano wa kibiashara wa kikanda. Maendeleo ya kisasa ya nchi yamechangiwa na vipindi vya ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa vilivyofuatwa na mageuzi ya kiuchumi, upanuzi wa miundombinu, na ongezeko la uwekezaji wa kigeni. ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Kodivaa}} Baada ya [[uhuru]] ([[7 Agosti]] [[1960]]) iliwahi kuwa kati ya nchi [[tajiri]] zaidi za Afrika lakini tangu mwaka [[2002]] [[uchumi]] na hali ya [[maisha]] kwa jumla vimeharibika kutokana na [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] ([[2002]]-[[2011]]). ==Demografia== Wakazi walikadiriwa kuwa 29,344,847 mwaka [[2023]], lakini [[sensa]] ya mwaka huo ilihesabu [[idadi]] ndogo zaidi: 29,389,150. === Kabila === [[Kabila]] kubwa ni lile la [[Waakan]] (38%). [[Asilimia]] 22% ni [[wahamiaji]], hasa kutoka nchi jirani (Liberia, Burkina Faso na Guinea). Asilimia 4 wana [[asili]] tofauti, hasa [[Ufaransa]], [[Lebanoni]], [[Vietnam]] na [[Hispania]]. === Lugha === [[Lugha]] zinazotumika kawaida ni 68, lakini [[lugha rasmi]] ni Kifaransa. === Dini === Upande wa [[dini]], [[Uislamu]] una 42.5%, [[Ukristo]] 39.8% ([[Kanisa Katoliki]] peke yake 24.9%), [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] 2.2% na dini nyingine 0.5%. Wasio na dini ni 12.6% == Tazama pia == * [[Wilaya za Cote d'Ivoire]] * [[Mikoa ya Cote d'Ivoire]] * [[Tarafa za Cote d'Ivoire]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] == Tanbihi == {{Tanbihi}} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{Refbegin}} * {{citation|last=Amin Samir|first=Bernard Nantet|chapter=Côte-d’Ivoire|title=[[Encyclopædia Universalis]]|publisher=Encyclopædia Universalis|location=Paris|year=1999|language=fr}} * {{citation|last=Amondji|first=Marcel|authorlink=Marcel Amondji|title=Côte-d'Ivoire. 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Wengi ni wafupi na wa [[rangi]] [[nyeupe]]/[[Rangi ya manjano|njano]]. [[Wanawake]] wana [[umbo|maumbo]] ya kuvutia na [[wanaume]] wana muonekano wa pekee. Mwaka [[2000]] [[idadi]] ya Wasandawe ilikadiriwa kuwa 40,000 <ref name="ign">http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sad</ref>, na mwaka [[2013]] 60,000, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wakristo]], hasa [[Wakatoliki]]. ==Historia== Mpaka mwaka [[2012]] kabila hilo lilionekana katika [[Kipimo|vipimo]] kuwa na baadhi ya [[Chembeuzi|viini nasaba]] vya zamani kuliko makabila yote [[Dunia|duniani]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2909803.stm|title=Tanzania, Ethiopia origin for humans|date=2 April 2003|access-date=8 February 2017|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> kama vile vya [[Wakhoisan]] wa [[Kusini mwa Afrika]] ([[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Angola]] ambao wanaitwa pengine "watu wa kwanza". Ndio wenyeji wakongwe zaidi kusini mwa Afrika, ambao wakaguzi na wageni wamewachunguza kutafuta [[dalili]] za jinsi wanadamu walivyoweza kuishi katika [[Zama za Mawe]]). Hata hivyo [[utafiti|tafiti]] za baadaye zimeonyesha lilivyoathiriwa [[jenetikia|kijenetikia]] na makabila yaliyohamia maeneo ya Tanzania ya leo kuanzia miaka 4,000 iliyopita, yakiwemo hasa ya [[Kikushi]] na ya [[Lugha za Kibantu|Kibantu]], hivi kwamba wanafanana nayo kuliko wanavyofanana na Wakhoisan. Pamoja na hayo, kinasaba ndugu zao wa jirani ni hasa [[Wahadzabe]], ingawa maingiliano nao yamekuwa madogo kabisa kwa maelfu ya miaka. ==Lugha== [[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kisandawe]], jamii ya [[lugha za Khoisan]]: ina [[fonimu]] nyingi kuliko lugha zote duniani, zikiwa ni pamoja na "click sounds". Inafikiriwa kuwa ya zamani kuliko zote, kwa kuwa inafanana bado na zile za wenzao Kusini mwa Afrika, ingawa walitengana miaka 40,000 hivi iliyopita. Inasemekana ni lugha tamu isiyochosha kusikilizwa. ==Utamaduni== Wasandawe wengi wanajihusisha na [[kilimo]] japo bado wanaendelea na [[uwindaji]], kwa kuwa [[chakula]] chao cha asili ni [[nyama]]. Miaka ya nyuma wengi wao walikuwa hawajasoma bali sasa wanasomesha [[Ujana|vijana]] wao, hasa baada ya kuanzishwa [[shule za kata]] kama Farkwa Secondary, Kwamtoro Secondary, Makarongo Secondary, Gwandi Secondary, Kurio Secondary n.k. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * Bauer, Andreus. "Street of Caravans" * Iliffe, John. "A Modern History of Tanganyika" * "Mankind, the Illustrated Encyclopedia of" Pub. Marshall Cavendish * Prince, Tom von. ''Gegen Araber und Wahehe'' {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sandawe}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Chemba]] 0jk5d0n2k6xy62pkpqiiucymmbphrtj 0 71717 1595656 1580196 2026-09-10T03:32:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DNA Overview2.png|thumb|right|140px|upright|DNA, msingi wa molekuli kwa ajili ya urithi. Kila ncha ya DNA ni mlolongo wa nyukleotidi, zinazoungana katika sehemu ya kati.]] '''Jenetikia''' (kutoka [[Kigiriki]] [[Kiyunani|cha kale]] γενετικός, genetikos, [[neno]] ambalo tena linatokana na γένεσις, genesis, "[[asili]]"<ref> [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321880 Genetikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]</ref><ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321873 Genesis, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Genetic&amp;searchmode=none Online Entymology Dictionary]</ref>) ni [[tawi]] la [[biolojia]] linalochunguza [[uritishano]] na [[mwachano]] wa [[viumbe hai]].<ref name="griffiths2000sect60">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.60 |chapter=Genetics and the Organism: Introduction |editor-first=William M.}}</ref><ref name="Hartl_and_Jones"> Hartl D, Jones E (2005)</ref> Kwa namna ya pekee imegundulika kwamba [[chembechembe]] zinazohifadhi [[taarifa]] za [[urithi]] wa viumbe hai zimo katika [[kiini]] cha kila [[seli]] yao kama [[nyuzinyuzi]] zinazoitwa [[kromosomu]]. Hizo zinabeba [[jeni]] kadhaa ambazo kila mojawapo inahusika na urithi wa [[tabia]] na [[umbile]] fulani kutoka kwa wazazi kwenda kwa [[kizazi]] kipya. Ukweli kwamba viumbe hai hurithi sifa kutoka kwa wazazi wao umetumika tangu zamani za kale kuboresha ma[[zao]] ya [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] kwa njia ya [[uzalishaji teuzi]]. Hata hivyo, [[sayansi]] ya kisasa ya jenetikia, ambayo inajaribu kuelewa utaratibu wa urithi, ilianza tu na kazi ya [[Gregor Mendel]] katikati ya [[karne ya 19]].<ref name="Weiling">{{cite journal |pmid=1887835| doi=10.1002/ajmg.1320400103 |year=1991 |last1=Weiling |first1=F |title=Historical study: Johann Gregor Mendel 1822–1884. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=1–25; discussion 26 |journal=American journal of medical genetics}}</ref> Ingawa hakujua msingi halisi wa urithi, Mendel aliona kwamba viumbe hurithi sifa kupitia vitengo maalumu ambavyo sasa vinaitwa jeni. Jeni hufanana na maeneo ndani ya [[DNA]], [[molekuli]] inayoundwa na mlolongo wa [[aina]] nne tofauti za [[nyukleotidi]]. Mpangilio wa nyukleotidi hizo ndio maelezo ya kijeni ambayo viumbe huyarithi. Kwa kawaida DNA ina [[umbo]] la [[ncha]] mbili, ambazo kila moja ina nyukleotidi zinazokamilishana. Kila ncha inaweza kutumika kama [[kiolezo]] katika uumbaji wa ncha nyingine mpya: hii ndiyo njia halisi ya kutengeneza nakala za jeni ambazo zinaweza kurithiwa. Mpangilio wa nyukleotidi katika jeni hutafsiriwa na [[seli]] ili kuzalisha mlolongo wa [[aminoasidi]], hivyo kutengeneza [[protini]]; utaratibu wa aminoasidi katika protini hufanana na utaratibu wa nyukleotidi katika jeni. Uhusiano huo kati ya mpangilio wa nyukleotidi na mpangilio wa aminoasidi hujulikana kama [[kanuni ya maumbile]]. Aminoasidi zilizo katika protini huamua jinsi inavyojikunja katika umbo la pande tatu; kisha, [[utendaji kazi]] wa protini hiyo hutegemea muundo huo. Protini hutekeleza karibu ma[[jukumu]] yote yanayohitajika ili seli ziishi. Mabadiliko ya DNA katika jeni yanaweza kubadilisha aminoasidi za protini, na hivyo kubadilisha umbo lake na utendaji kazi wake: mabadiliko haya yanaweza kuwa na ma[[dhara]] makubwa katika seli na kwa kiumbe kwa jumla. Ingawa jenetikia ina athari kubwa katika sura na tabia za kiumbe, matokeo ya mwisho yanategemea mchanganyiko wa jenetikia na mambo ambayo kiumbe anayapitia wakati wa uhai wake. Kwa mfano, ingawa jeni zinaweza kuamua ukubwa au udogo wa kiumbe, [[lishe]] na mambo mengine ambayo kiumbe hupitia baada ya kuzaliwa pia huwa na athari kubwa. ==Historia== Ingawa sayansi ya jenetikia ilianza na ma[[jaribio]] na [[nadharia]] ya Gregor Mendel katika miaka ya kati ya 1800, nadharia nyingine za urithi zilikuwepo kabla yake. Nadharia maarufu wakati wa Mendel ilikuwa [[dhana]] ya kuchanganya urithi, yaani [[wazo]] la kwamba watu hurithi mchanganyiko laini wa sifa kutoka kwa wazazi wao. Mendel hakukubaliana na wazo hilo na alionyesha kwamba sifa zinajumuisha mchanganyiko wa jeni tofauti kuliko mchanganyiko unaofanana. Nadharia nyingine ambayo ilikuwa imeungwa mkono wakati huo ilikuwa urithi wa sifa zilizopatikana: imani kwamba watu hurithi sifa zilizojengwa na wazazi wao. Nadharia hiyo (ambayo kwa kawaida inahusianishwa na [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]]) sasa inajulikana kuwa na makosa.<ref> Lamarck, JB (2008). Katika [[Encyclopedia Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]. Ilirudishwa kutoka [http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-273180 Encyclopædia Britannica Online] tarehe 16 Machi 2008.</ref> Nadharia nyingine zilikuwa pamoja na [[panjenesisi]] ya [[Charles Darwin]] (ambayo ilikuwa na vipengele vya mambo mtu anayoyapata na yale anayoyarithi) na muundo mpya wa [[Francis Galton]] wa panjenesisi kama nadharia inayohusisha chembechembe na urithi.<ref>Peter J. Bowler, The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergency of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989): sura 2 &amp; 3.</ref> ===Jenetikia ya Mendel na ya kale=== Sayansi ya jenetikia ya kisasa ilianzishwa na [[Gregor Mendel]], [[mmonaki|mtawa]] wa [[Waaugustino|Kiaugustino]] na [[mwanasayansi]] mwenye asili ya [[Kijerumani]] ambaye alichunguza hali ya urithi katika mimea. Katika maandishi yake "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" ("Majaribio ya Uvyausaji wa Mimea"), iliyowasilishwa katika mwaka [[1865]] kwa ''Naturforschender Verein'' (Jumuiya ya Utafiti kuhusu Mimea na Viumbe) huko [[Brünn]], Mendel alifuatilia ruwaza za urithi za sifa fulani kwa mimea ya [[njegere]] na kuielezea kupitia [[hisabati]].<ref name="mendel">{{cite web |title= Mendel's Paper in English |url=http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html |first=Roger B. |last=Blumberg}}</ref> Ingawa ruwaza hii ya urithi ingeweza kuonekana katika sifa kadhaa, kazi ya Mendel ilipendekeza kuwa urithi ulikuwa ulihusisha chembechembe, si kupata, na kwamba ruwaza za urithi wa sifa nyingi zinaweza kuelezwa kupitia kanuni na uwiano rahisi. Umuhimu wa kazi ya Mendel haukuweza kueleweka vizuri hadi [[miaka ya 1890]], baada ya [[kifo]] chake, wakati ambapo wanasayansi wengine wakiwa wanashughulikia mambo kama hayo, waligundua upya [[utafiti]] wake. [[William Bateson]], [[mtetezi]] wa kazi ya Mendel, aliunda neno ''jenetikia'' mwaka [[1905]].<ref>genetics, ''n.,'' Oxford English Dictionary, toleo la 3.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jic.ac.uk/corporate/about/bateson.htm |title=Letter from William Bateson to Alan Sedgwick in 1905 |publisher=The John Innes Centre |accessdate=15 Machi 2008 |author=Bateson W |archivedate=2007-10-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013020831/http://www.jic.ac.uk/corporate/about/bateson.htm }}. Kumbuka kwamba barua ilikuwa imeandikiwa Sedgwick Adam, mtaalamu wa zuolojia katika chuo cha Trinity, Cambridge, wala sio "Alan", na asikanganywe na mtaalamu mashuhuri wa jiolojia wa Uingereza, Adam Sedgwick, ambaye aliishi kabla ya wakati huo // hapo awali.</ref> (Kivumishi ''jenetikia'' kilichotokana na neno la Kigiriki ''mwanzo'' - ''γένεσις,'' "asili" na kwamba kutoka kwa neno ''genno'' - ''γεννώ,'' "kujifungua", kinatangulia nomimo na kilitumika kwa mara ya kwanza kwa maana ya kibiolojia mwaka 1860).<ref>genetics, n., Oxford English Dictionary, toleo la 3.</ref> Bateson alieneza matumizi ya neno ''jenetikia'' kuelezea utafiti wa urithi katika [[hotuba]] yake ya [[uzinduzi]] wa Mkutano wa Tatu wa Kimataifa wa Uvyausaji wa Mimea huko [[London]], [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[1906]] <ref name="bateson_genetics">.{{cite conference |author=Bateson, W |title=The Progress of Genetic Research |editor=Wilks, W |booktitle=Report of the Third 1906 International Conference on Genetics: Hybridization (the cross-breeding of genera or species), the cross-breeding of varieties, and general plant breeding|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |location=London |year=1907}}:Awali lilijulikana kama "Mkutano wa Kimataifa wa Uvyausaji na kuzalishana kwa Mimea", Wilks alibadilisha kichwa cha chapisho kutokana na hotuba ya Bateson.</ref> Baada ya kugunduliwa upya kwa kazi ya Mendel, wanasayansi walijaribu kuamua ni molekuli zipi katika seli zilizohusika na urithi. Mwaka [[1910]] [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] alisema kuwa jeni ziko juu ya kromosomu, kulingana na matokeo ya mabadiliko ya macho meupe yaliyohusiana na [[jinsia]] katika nzi-tunda.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/icb/23.4.855 |title=Thomas Hunt Morgan—The Geneticist |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_integrative-and-comparative-biology_1983_23_4/page/855 |year=1983 |last1=Moore |first1=JOHN A. |journal=Integrative and Comparative Biology |volume=23 |pages=855}}</ref> Mwaka [[1913]] [mwanafunzi]] wake [[Alfred Sturtevant]] alitumia uhusiano wa kijeni kuonyesha kuwa jeni hupangwa kwa ,[[mstari]] kwenye kromosomu.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sturtevant AH |year=1913 |title=The linear arrangement of six sex-linked factors in Drosophila, as shown by their mode of association |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=14 |pages=43–59 |url=http://www.esp.org/foundations/genetics/classical/holdings/s/ahs-13.pdf}}</ref><span id="molecular"></span> [[File:Sexlinked inheritance white.jpg|left|thumb|Mawazo ya Morgan kuhusu urithi unaohusishwa na ngono wa mabadiliko uliosababisha nzi za Drosophila kuwa na macho meupe ulimwelekeza kwa nadharia-tete kwamba jeni ziko kwenye kromosomu.]] ===Jenetikia ya molekuli=== Ingawa jeni zilijulikana kuwepo kwenye kromosomu, hizo kromosomu zinajumuisha protini na DNA: wanasayansi hawakujua ni ipi kati ya hizo iliyohusika na urithi. Mwaka [[1928]], [[Frederick Griffith]] aligundua jambo la mabadiliko: bakteria zilizokufa ziliweza kuhamisha nyenzo za kijeni ili "kubadilisha" bakteria zingine zilizokuwa bado hai. Miaka [[kumi]] [[kumi na sita|na sita]] baadaye, mwaka [[1944]], [[Theodore Oswald Avery]], [[Colin McLeod]] na [[Maclyn McCarty]] walitambua [[molekuli]] iliyohusika na mabadiliko ni [[DNA]].<ref name="Avery_et_al"> {{cite journal |doi=10.1084/jem.79.2.137 |title=STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCE INDUCING TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL TYPES: INDUCTION OF TRANSFORMATION BY A DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID FRACTION ISOLATED FROM PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE III |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-experimental-medicine_1944-02_79_2/page/137 |year=1944 |last1=Avery |first1=O. T. |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |volume=79 |pages=137 |pmid=19871359 |last2=MacLeod |first2=CM |last3=McCarty |first3=M |issue=2 |pmc=2135445}} Chapisha tena: {{cite journal |pmid=33226 |year=1979 |last1=Avery |first1=OT |last2=Macleod |last3=Mccarty |title=Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III. |volume=149 |issue=2 |pages=297–326 |journal=The Journal of experimental medicine |doi=10.1084/jem.149.2.297 |first2=CM |first3=M |pmc=2184805}}</ref> Majaribio ya Hershey-Chase ya mwaka [[1952]] pia yalionyesha kuwa DNA (badala ya protini) ndiyo wenzo wa kijeni wa virusi ambavyo huambukiza bakteria, hivyo kutoa ushahidi zaidi kwamba DNA ndiyo molekuli inayohusika na urithi.<ref>{{cite journal |doi= 10.1085/jgp.36.1.39 |pmid=12981234 |pmc=2147348 |year= 1952 |last1= Hershey |first1= AD |last2= Chase |title= Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-general-physiology_1952-09-20_36_1/page/38 |volume= 36 |issue= 1 |pages= 39–56 |journal= The Journal of general physiology |first2= M}}</ref> [[James D. Watson]] na [[Francis Crick]] walitambua muundo wa DNA mwaka [[1953]], kwa kutumia kazi ya [[kristalografia]] ya [[eksirei]] ya [[Rosalind Franklin]] na [[Maurice Wilkins]] ambayo ilionyesha kuwa DNA ina muundo wa [[msokoto]] (yaani, umbo kama la [[kizibuo]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/eighthdayofcreat0000hora |last=Judson |first=Horace |middle=Freeland |authorlink=Horace Freeland Judson |year=1979 |publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |isbn=0-87969-477-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/eighthdayofcreat0000hora/page/51 51]–169}}</ref><ref name="watsoncrick_1953a">{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick.pdf |doi=10.1038/171737a0 |title=Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid |year=1953 |last1=Watson |first1=J. D. |last2=Crick |journal=Nature |volume=171 |pages=737 |pmid=13054692 |first2=FH |issue=4356}}</ref> Umbo la misokoto miwili lilikuwa na ncha mbili za DNA na nyukleotidi ilikuwa imeangalia ndani, na kila moja ililingana na nyukleotidi kikamilisho kwenye ncha nyingine na kuunda umbo linalofanana na vidato kwenye [[ngazi]] iliyosokotwa.<ref name="watsoncrick_1953b">{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/dna50/watsoncrick2.pdf |doi=10.1038/171964b0 |title=Genetical Implications of the Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid |year=1953 |last1=Watson |first1=J. D. |last2=Crick |journal=Nature |volume=171 |pages=964 |pmid=13063483 |first2=FH |issue=4361}}</ref> Umbo hili lilionyesha kuwa maelezo ya kijeni yapo katika mpangilio wa nyukleotidi kwenye kila ncha ya DNA. Umbo hilo pia lilipendekeza njia rahisi ya kurudiarudia: kama ncha hizo zimetenganishwa, ncha zingine mpya za kila ncha iliyotenganishwa zinaweza kuundwa upya kulingana na mpangilio wa ncha za zamani. Ingawa umbo la DNA lilionyesha jinsi urithi unavyofanya kazi, bado haikujulikana jinsi DNA inavyoathiri tabia ya seli. Katika miaka iliyofuata, wanasayansi walijaribu kuelewa jinsi DNA hudhibiti mchakato wa uzalishaji protini. Iligundulika kwamba seli hutumia DNA kama kiolezo ili kujenga kijumbe kinacholingana cha RNA (molekuli iliyo na nyukleotidi, zinazofanana sana na DNA). Mpangilio wa nyukleotidi wa kijumbe RNA hutumiwa kujenga mpangilio wa aminoasidi katika protini; tafsiri hii kati ya mipangilio ya nyukleotidi na aminoasidi hujulikana kama kodi ya kijeni. Tafiti nyingi ziliweza kufanywa kutokana na uelewa huu wa molekuli ya jeni. Uvumbuzi muhimu uliofanywa na [[Frederick Sanger]] mwaka [[1977]]ulikuwa mpangilio wa mlolongo uliokuwa na DNA mwisho. [[Teknolojia]] hii inawaruhusu wanasayansi kusoma mpangilio wa nyukleotidi wa molekuli ya DNA.<ref name="sanger_et_al">{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463 |pmid=271968 |pmc=431765 |year=1977 |last1=Sanger |first1=F |last2=Nicklen |last3=Coulson |title=DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_1977-12_74_12/page/5463 |volume=74 |issue=12 |pages=5463–7 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |first2=S |first3=AR}}</ref> Mwaka [[1983]], [[Kary Banks Mullis]] alitengeneza [[mmenyuko]] wa mlolongo wa [[polimerasi]], hivyo kutoa njia ya haraka ya kutenga na kukuza sehemu maalum ya DNA kutoka kwa mchanganyiko.<ref name="saiki_et_al">{{cite journal |pmid=2999980 |doi=10.1126/science.2999980 |year=1985 |last1=Saiki |first1=RK |last2=Scharf |last3=Faloona |last4=Mullis |last5=Horn |last6=Erlich |last7=Arnheim |title=Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1985-12-20_230_4732/page/1350 |volume=230 |issue=4732 |pages=1350–4 |journal=Science (New York, N.Y.) |first2=S |first3=F |first4=KB |first5=GT |first6=HA |first7=N}}</ref> Kutoka kwa juhudi za pamoja za "[[Mradi wa Jenomu za Binadamu]]" na juhudi sambamba za binafsi za [[Celera Genomics]], mbinu hizi na zingine zilifikia kilele katika upangiliaji wa jenomu za binadamu mwaka [[2003]].<ref name="human_genome_project"></ref> ==Sifa za urithi== ===Urithi wa kipekee na sheria za Mendel=== [[File:Punnett square mendel flowers.svg|right|thumb|Mraba wa Punnett ulisawirisha ubadilishanaji // uvukaji kati ya mimea miwili ya njegere iliyokuwa na kromosomu tofauti za maua ya rangi ya zambarau (B) na nyeupe (b)]] Katika ngazi yake ya msingi kabisa, urithi katika viumbe hutokea kupitia sifa za kipekee, ziitwazo jeni.<ref name="griffiths2000sect199">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.199 |chapter=Patterns of Inheritance: Introduction |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Sifa hii ilivumbuliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na Gregor Mendel, ambaye alifanyia utafiti utengaji wa sifa zinazorithika katika mimea ya njegere.<ref name="mendel"></ref><ref name="griffiths2000sect200">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.200 |chapter=Mendel's experiments |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Katika tafiti zake kuhusu sifa ya rangi ya maua, Mendel aliona kwamba maua ya kila mmea wa njegere yalikuwa ama rangi ya zambarau au nyeupe-lakini kamwe hakukuwa na rangi ya kati ya rangi hizo mbili. Tofauti hizo, matoleo ya kipekee ya jeni moja yanaitwa aleli//aina zinazofanana. Katika kesi ya njegere, ambayo ni [[spishi]] yenye seti mbili za kromosomu, kila mmea una aleli mbili za kila jeni, aleli moja iliyorithiwa kutoka kwa kila mzazi.<ref name="griffiths2000sect484"></ref> Spishi nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na binadamu, zina muundo huo wa urithi. Viumbe vyenye seti mbili za kromosomu na vyenye nakala mbili za aleli moja//sawa ya jeni maalum huitwa [[homozigasi]] katika sehemu hiyo ya jeni, wakati viumbe vyenye aleli mbili tofauti za jeni maalum vinaitwa [[heterozigasi]]. Seti ya aleli kiumbe maalum inaitwa [[jenotipu]] yake, wakati sifa zinazoweza kuonekana za kiumbe hicho zinaitwa [[fenotipu]] yake. Wakati viumbe ni heterozigasi kwa jeni, mara nyingi aleli moja husemekana kutawala kwani sifa zake hutawala fenotipu ya kiumbe hicho, wakati aleli nyingine inaitwa [[selipumbazi]] kwani sifa zake hufifia na haziwezi kuonekana. Baadhi ya aleli hazina utawala kamili na badala yake huonyesha ni fenotipu ya kati, au utawala wa pamoja kwa kuonyesha aleli zote mbili kwa wakati moja.<ref name="griffiths2000sect630">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.630 |chapter=Interactions between the alleles of one gene |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Wakati wa [[jozi]] la viumbe kuzaana, watoto wao kinasibu hurithi aleli moja kati ya hizo mbili kutoka kwa kila mzazi. Matokeo haya ya urithi wa kipekee na utengaji wa aleli kwa pamoja zinajulikana kama [[Sheria ya kwanza ya Mendel]] au [[Sheria ya Utengaji]]. ===Mwandiko na michoro=== [[File:Pedigree-chart-example.svg|thumb|240px|Chati za nasaba za jeni husaidia kufuatilia ruwaza za urithi wa sifa.]] Wataalamu wa jeni hutumia michoro na ishara kueleza urithi. Jeni moja huwakilishwa na herufi moja au herufi kadhaa. Mara nyingi alama ya "+" hutumika kwa aleli ya kawaida ya jeni, isiyobadilika.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://faculty.users.cnu.edu/rcheney/Genetic%20Notation.htm |title=Genetic Notation |first=Richard W. |last=Cheney |accessdate=18 Machi 2008 |archivedate=2006-09-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908110754/http://faculty.users.cnu.edu/rcheney/Genetic%20Notation.htm }}</ref> Katika majaribio ya utungisho na uzalishaji (na hasa wakati wa kujadili sheria za Mendel) wazazi hujulikana kama kizazi "P" na watoto kama kizazi "F1" (watoto wa kwanza). Wakati watoto F1 wanazalishana, watoto wao huitwa kizazi "F2" (watoto wa pili). Mmojawapo wa michoro ambayo hutumika sana kutabiri matokeo ya uzalishaji mtambuka ni [[mraba wa Punnett]]. Wakati wa kufanyia utafiti magonjwa ya binadamu yanayohusiana na jeni, wataalamu mara nyingi hutumia [[chati ya ukoo]] kuwakilisha urithi wa sifa.<ref name="griffiths2000sect229">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.229 |chapter=Human Genetics |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Chati hizi huonyesha urithi wa sifa katika mti wa nasaba. ===Maingiliano ya jeni mbalimbali=== [[File:Galton-height-regress.png|thumb|right|Urefu wa binadamu sifa changamano ya jeni. Data ya Francis Galton kutoka mwaka [[1889]] inaonyesha uhusiano kati ya urefu wa watoto kama kipengele cha urefu wa wastani wa mzazi. Wakati urefu wa watoto unapolinganishwa, tofauti zinazobaki huonyesha kuwa mazingira pia ni kipengele muhimu katika kuchangia sifa hii.]] Viumbe hai wana maelfu ya jeni, na katika viumbe wanaozaana kupitia ngono jeni hizi hujigawa bila kutegemeana. Hii ina maana kwamba urithi wa aleli ya rangi ya njano au kijani ya njegere haihusiani na urithi wa aleli za maua meupe au ya rangi ya zambarau. Jambo hili, linalojulikana kama "sheria ya pili Mendel" au "Sheria ya ugawaji huru", inamaanisha kwamba aleli za jeni tofauti huchanganywa kati ya wazazi ili kutengeneza watoto walio na michanganyiko mingi na tofauti. (Baadhi ya jeni huwa hazijigawi kivyake, hivyo kuonyesha uhusiano wa kijeni, mada ambayo imejadiliwa katika sehemu nyingine ya makala haya). Mara nyingi jeni tofauti zinaweza kuingiliana kwa njia ambayo inaathiri sifa sawa. Katika mmea wa 'Omphalodes Verna', kwa mfano, kuna jeni iliyo na aleli ambazo huamua rangi ya maua: buluu au majenta. Hata hivyo, jeni nyingine hudhibiti ikiwa maua yana rangi yoyote au ni meupe. Wakati mmea una nakala mbili za aleli nyeupe, maua yake huwa meupe-bila kujali kama jeni ya kwanza ina aleli za rangi ya buluu au majenta. Mwingiliano kati ya jeni huitwa [[epistasisi]], na jeni ya pili hukandamiza ile ya kwanza.<ref name="griffiths2000sect644">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.644 |chapter=Gene interaction and modified dihybrid ratios |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Sifa nyingi si vipengele vya kipekee (k.m. maua ya rangi ya zambarau au meupe) lakini badala yake ni sifa zinazoendelea (k.m. urefu wa binadamu na rangi ya ngozi yake). Sifa hizi tata hutokana na jeni nyingi.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15931374 |doi=10.1172/JCI25421 |year=2005 |last1=Mayeux |first1=R |title=Mapping the new frontier: complex genetic disorders. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-investigation_2005-06_115_6/page/1404 |volume=115 |issue=6 |pages=1404–7 |journal=The Journal of clinical investigation |pmc=1137013}}</ref> Ushawishi wa jeni hizi huingiliwa kati, kwa viwango tofauti, na mazingira ambayo kiumbe hicho kimepitia. Kiwango ambacho jeni za kiumbe huchangia sifa tata kinaitwa [[urithikaji]].<ref name="griffiths2000sect4009">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.4009 |chapter=Quantifying heritability |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Kipimo cha urithikaji wa sifa hulingana katika mazingira yanayobadilika zaidi, mazingira yana athari kubwa kwenye tofauti ya jumla ya sifa husika. Kwa mfano, urefu wa binadamu ni [[sifa tata]] iliyo na urithikaji wa asilimia 89 nchini [[Marekani]]. Hata hivyo, huko Nigeria, ambako watu huwa na nafasi tofauti zaidi ya kupata [[lishe bora]] na huduma za [[afya]], urefu una urithikaji wa asilimia 62 tu.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/sj.ijo.0801650 |pmid=11443503 |year=2001 |last1=Luke |first1=A |last2=Guo |last3=Adeyemo |last4=Wilks |last5=Forrester |last6=Lowe W |last7=Comuzzie |last8=Martin |last9=Zhu |title=Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans and US black people. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-obesity_2001-07_25_7/page/1034 |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=1034–41 |journal=International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity |first2=X |first3=AA |first4=R |first5=T |first6=W |first7=AG |first8=LJ |first9=X}}</ref> ==Msingi wa kimolekuli wa urithi== ===DNA na kromosomu=== [[File:DNA chemical structure.svg|thumb|right|Muundo wa molekuli wa DNA. Misingi huungana kupitia mpangilio wa [[hidrojeni]] inayounganisha ncha.]] Msingi wa kimolekuli wa jeni ni deoksiribonyuklei asidi (DNA). DNA imeundwa na mlolongo wa nyukleotidi, ambazo ni za aina nne: [[adenini]] (A), [[sitosini]] (C), [[guanini]] (G), na [[thaimini]] (T). Maelezo ya jeni huwa katika mpangilio wa nyukleotidi hizi, na jeni huwa kama mfululizo wa mpangilio huo katika mnyororo wa DNA.<ref name="Pearson_2006">{{cite journal |pmid=16724031 |doi=10.1038/441398a |year=2006 |last1=Pearson |first1=H |title=Genetics: what is a gene? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-05-25_441_7092/page/398 |volume=441 |issue=7092 |pages=398–401 |journal=Nature}}</ref> Virusi tu vimeepuka kanuni hii: wakati mwingine virusi hutumia molekuli inayofanana na RNA badala ya DNA kama wenzo wake wa kijenetiki.<ref>{{cite book |title=Microbiology |url=https://archive.org/details/microbiology0001pres |last=Prescott |first=L |year=1993 |publisher=Wm. C. Brown Publishers |isbn=0697013723}}</ref> DNA kwa kawaida hupatikana kama molekuli yenye ncha mbili, zilizojikunja katika sura ya msokoto ulio na sehemu mbili. Kila nyukleotidi katika DNA huambatana na nyukleotidi inayoipendelea ya ncha mkabala: A huambatana na T, na C huambatana na G. Hivyo, katika hali yake ya ncha mbili, kila ncha ina maelezo yote muhimu kama inavyofaa, yasiyohitajika katika ncha iliyoambatana nayo. Muundo huu wa DNA ndio msingi halisi wa urithi: [[urudufishaji]] wa DNA hurudia tena maelezo kwa kugawanya ncha hizo na kutumia kila ncha kama kiolezo cha utengenezaji wa ncha//mwenzi mpya.<ref name="griffiths2000sect1523">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.1523 |chapter=Mechanism of DNA Replication |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Jeni huwa zimepangwa kwa mstari kando ya minyororo mirefu ya mpangilio wa DNA, iitwayo [[kromosomu]]. Katika [[bakteria]], kila seli kwa kawaida ina kromosomu moja yenye umbo la mviringo, wakati viumbe [[eukaryota]] (ikiwa ni pamoja na mimea na wanyama) wana DNA ambazo zimepangwa katika mistari mingi ya kromosomu. Ncha hizo za DNA mara nyingi huwa ndefu sana; kwa mfano, kromosomu ndefu zaidi ya binadamu ina urefu wa kufikia jozi msingi milioni 247,000,000 .<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature04727 |pmid=16710414 |year=2006 |last1=Gregory |first1=SG |last2=Barlow |last3=Mclay |last4=Kaul |last5=Swarbreck |last6=Dunham |last7=Scott |last8=Howe |last9=Woodfine |title=The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-05-18_441_7091/page/n82 |volume=441 |issue=7091 |pages=315–21 |journal=Nature |first2=KF |first3=KE |first4=R |first5=D |first6=A |first7=CE |first8=KL |first9=K}}</ref> DNA ya kromosomu inahusishwa na protini za miundo zinazopanga, kuunganisha, na kudhibiti ufikiaji wa DNA, hivyo kutengeneza wenzo uitwao [[kromatini]]; katika viumbe vyenye seli changamano, kromatini kwa kawaida hujumuisha [[nyukleosomu]], makundi ya DNA yaliyozungushwa kwenye misingi ya protini za [[histoni]].<ref> Alberts et al. (2002), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.608 II.4.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.608 DNA and chromosomes: Chromosomal DNA and Its Packaging in the Chromatin Fiber]</ref> Seti kamili ya nyenzo za urithi katika kiumbe (kwa kawaida mchanganyiko wa mipangilio ya DNA ya [[kromosomu]] zote) huitwa [[jenomu]]. Wakati viumbe vyenye seti moja ya kromosomu vina nakala moja tu ya kila kromosomu, wanyama wengi na mimea mingi wana seti mbili za kila kromosomu, hivyo wana nakala mbili za kila jeni.<ref name="griffiths2000sect484">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.484 |chapter=Mendelian genetics in eukaryotic life cycles |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Aleli mbili za jeni zimewekwa kwenye sehemu zinazofanana za kromatidi za aina moja, kila aleli ikiwa imerithiwa kutoka kwa mzazi tofauti. Kuna upekee kwenye [[kromosomu ya jinsia]], kromosomu zilizo maalum katika wanyama zimetokea. Kromosomu hizo zinahusika katika uamuzi wa jinsia ya kiumbe.<ref name="griffiths2000sect222">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.222 |chapter=Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Kwa binadamu na wanyama wengine, [[kromosomu Y]] ina jeni chache sana na huchochea ukuaji wa sifa za kijinsia za kiume, wakati [[kromosomu X]] inafanana na kromosomu nyingine na ina jeni nyingi zisizohusiana na uamuzi wa jinsia. Wanawake wana nakala mbili za kromosomu X, lakini wanaume wana kromosomu Y moja na kromosomu X moja tu; tofauti hii katika idadi ya nakala za kromosomu X husababisha ruwaza za urithi zisizo za kawaida za matatizo yanayohusiana na jinsia. ===Uzazi=== Wakati seli zinagawanyika, jenomu yote ya seli hizo hunakiliwa, na kila seli inayotokana na ugawanyikaji huo hurithi nakala moja. Utaratibu huo, uitwao [[mitosisi]], ndio namna rahisi zaidi ya uzazi na ndio msingi wa uzazi usiohusisha ngono. Uzazi usiohusisha ngono pia unaweza kutokea katika viumbe vyenye seli nyingi, hivyo kuzalisha watoto wanaorithi jenomu zao kutoka kwa mzazi mmoja. Watoto walio na jeni zinazofanana kabisa na za mzazi wao huitwa [[kloni]] (kiumbe kilichoumbwa na kimoja bila kujamiana.) Viumbe wenye seli changamano mara nyingi huzaana kupitia ngono na kupata watoto walio na mchanganyiko wa nyenzo za jeni zilizorithiwa kwa wazazi wawili tofauti. Mchakato wa uzazi kupitia ngono hubadilishana kati ya aina zilizo na nakala moja ya jenomu husika (haploidi) na nakala mbili (diploidi).<ref name="griffiths2000sect484"></ref> Seli zilizo na seti moja huungana na kuchanganya jeni kuunda kiini diploid na pea ya kromosomu. Viumbe wenye seti mbili za kromosomu hutengeneza seti moja ya kromosomu kwa kujiga, bila kurudufisha DNA zao, ili kuunda seli zake nyingine ambazo hurithi kila moja ya majozi ya kromosomu kinasibu. Wanyama wengi na mimea mingi huwa na seti mbili za kromosomu katika sehemu kubwa ya maisha yao, na aina zenye seti moja ya kromosomu zikipunguzwa hadi gameti zenye seli moja kama vile [[manii]] au [[ova]]. Ingawa [[bakteria]] huwa hazitumii njia ya uzazi unaohusisha ngono ya seti moja / mbili za kromosomu, zina njia nyingi za kupata maelezo mapya ya jeni. Baadhi ya bakteria zinaweza kuungana, na kuhamisha kipande kidogo cha mviringo cha DNA kwa bakteria nyingine.<ref name="griffiths2000sect1304">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.1304 |chapter=Bacterial conjugation |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Bakteria pia zinazeza kuchukua vipande ghafi vya DNA vinavyopatikana katika mazingira na kuyaunganisha katika jenomu zao, jambo linalojulikana kama mabadiliko.<ref name="griffiths2000sect1343">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.1343 |chapter=Bacterial transformation |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Taratibu hizi zinasababisha uhamishaji wa jeni wa mlalo, hivyo kupeleka vipande vya maelezo ya jeni kati ya viumbe ambavyo vinginevyo havihusiani. ===Uunganishaji-tena na uhusiano=== [[File:Morgan crossover 2 cropped.png|thumb|right|Mchoro wa Thomas Hunt Morgan wa 1916 wa uvukaji mara mbili kati ya kromosomu]] Hali ya kromosomu ya kuwa na seti mbili huruhusu jeni zenye kromosomu tofauti kujigawa kivyake wakati wa uzazi kupitia ngono, na kuungana tena ili kuunda mchanganyiko mpya wa jeni. Hata hivyo, jeni zilizoko kwenye kromosomu moja kinadharia haziwezi kuungana tena kamwe, isipokuwa ni mchakato wa [[uvukaji]] wa kromosomu. Wakati wa uvukaji, kromosomu hubadilishana mifululizo ya DNA, hivyo basi kufaulu kuchanganya aleli za jeni kati ya kromosomu.<ref name="griffiths2000sect929">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.929 |chapter=Nature of crossing-over |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Utaratibo huu wa uvukaji wa kromosomu kwa jumla hutokea wakati wa meiosisi, mfululizo wa mgawanyiko wa seli ambao huunda seli zenye seti mbili za kromosomu. Uwezekano wa uvukaji wa kromosomu kutokea kati ya sehemu mbili maalum kwenye kromosomu unahusiana na umbali kati ya sehemu hizo. Kwa umbali mrefu kwa njia isiyo na msingi, uwezekano wa uvukaji uko juu vya kutosha, hivi kwamba urithi wa jeni hauhusiani kwa njia inayofaa. Hata hivyo, kwa jeni ambazo zimekaribiana kwa pamoja, uwezekano wa uvukaji ulio chini unamaanisha kuwa jeni hizo zinaonyesha uhusiano wa kijeni: aleli za jeni hizo mbili zinaelekea kurithiwa kwa pamoja. Kiasi cha uhusiano kati ya mfululizo wa jeni kinaweza kuunganishwa ili kuunda ramani ya uhusiano wa kimstari ambayo huelezea kwa makisio mpangilio wa jeni kando ya kromosomu.<ref name="griffiths2000sect899">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.899 |chapter=Linkage maps |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> ==Udhihirishaji wa jeni== ===Msimbo-jeni=== [[File:Genetic code.svg|thumb|right|Msimbo jeni: DNA, kupitia mjumbe wa kati wa RNA, husimbia protini kwa misimbo ya aina tatu.]] Kwa jumla jeni huonyesha athari zake za kiutendaji kazi kupitia uzalishaji protini, ambazo ni molekuli changamano zinazohusika katika shughuli nyingi zinazofanyika katika seli. Protini ni mfululizo wa aminoasidi, na mpangilio wa DNA ya jeni (kupitia [[kiingiliakati]] cha RNA) hutumika kuzalisha mpangilio maalum wa protini. Utaratibu huo kuanza kwa uzalishaji wa molekuli ya RNA iliyo na mpangilio unaolingana na ule wa DNA ya jeni, mchakato unaoitwa [[unukuzi]] yaani kunakili. Kisha molekuli ya RNA inayotumika kama mjumbe hutumiwa kuzalisha mpangilio wa aminoasidi zinazofanana kupitia mchakato uitwao "kutafsiri". Kila kundi la nyukleotidi tatu kwenye mpangilio, unaoitwa [[codon]], hufanana na moja ya aminoasidi ishirini zilizo kwenye protini na zinazoweza kutokea; kufanana huku kunaitwa [[msimbo-jeni]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Biochemistry |author=Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L, Clarke ND |edition=5th |year=2002 |publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=stryer.section.685 |chapter=I. 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information: Amino Acids Are Encoded by Groups of Three Bases Starting from a Fixed Point}}</ref> Mtiririko wa maelezo haufuati mwelekeo maalum: maelezo hupitishwa kutoka mpangilio wa nyukleotidi hadi kwenye mpangilio wa aminoasidi wa protini, lakini kamwe hauhamishwi kutoka protini na kurudi tena kwenye mpangilio wa DNA, jambo ambalo [[Francis Crick]] aliliita [[dogma kuu]] ya biolojia ya molekuli.<ref name="crick1970">{{cite journal |pmid=4913914 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/crick/pdf/crick227.pdf |year=1970 |last1=Crick |first1=F |title=Central dogma of molecular biology. |volume=227 |issue=5258 |pages=561–3 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/227561a0}}</ref> Mpangilio maalum wa aminoasidi husababisha umbo la pekee lenye pande tatu kwa protini husika, na miundo ya protini yenye pande tatu inahusiana na utendaji kazi wa protini hizo.<ref> Alberts et al. (2002), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.388 I.3.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.388 Proteins: The Shape and Structure of Proteins]</ref><ref> Alberts et al. (2002), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.452 I.3.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.452 Proteins: Protein Function]</ref> Nyingine ni molekuli zenye miundo sahili, kama nyuzi zinazoundwa na [[kolajeni]] za protini. Protini zinaweza kujifungilia kwa protini nyingine na [[molekuli sahili]], wakati mwingine zilifanya kazi kama [[Kimeng'enya|vimeng'enya]] kwa kuwezesha mmenyuko wa kemikali ndani ya molekuli zilizofungwa (bila kubadilisha muundo wa protini yenyewe). Muundo wa protini una nguvu; [[himoglobini]] ya protini hujikunja katika aina zilizo tofauti kidogo ikiwa inawezesha kukamatwa, kusafirishwa, na kutolewa kwa molekuli za oksijeni ndani ya damu ya [[mamalia]]. Tofauti moja ya nyukleotidi ndani ya DNA inaweza kusababisha mabadiliko katika mpangilio wa aminoasidi ya protini. Kwa kuwa miundo ya protini hutokana na mpangilio wa aminoasidi zake, baadhi ya mabadiliko yanaweza kubadili kwa ghafla tabia za protini kwa kuvuruga muundo au kubadilisha uso wa protini kwa njia ambayo inabadilisha mahusiano yake na protini nyingine na molekuli. Kwa mfano, [[anemia selimundu]] ni ugonjwa wa binadamu unaohusiana na jeni na ambao husababishwa na tofauti moja kwenye msingi ndani ya eneo la kusimba la sehemu ya β-globin la himoglobini, hivyo kusababisha badiliko la aminoasidi ambalo hubadilisha tabia halisi za himoglobini.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Does Sickle Cell Cause Disease? |url=http://sickle.bwh.harvard.edu/scd_background.html |date=11 Aprili 2002 |accessdate=23 Julai 2007 |publisher=Brigham and Women's Hospital: Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders |archive-date=2010-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923165921/http://sickle.bwh.harvard.edu/scd_background.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Matoleo ya anemia selimundu hujitenga, huku yakijiweka kwa vituta vinavyounda nyuzi ambazo hupotosha umbo ya [[seli nyekundu]] za damu zinazobeba protini. Seli hizo zilizo na umbo la [[mundu]] haziwezi tena kupita vizuri katika mishipa ya damu, hivyo kuwa na tabia ya kuziba au kuharibu, na kusababisha matatizo ya kitabibu yanayohusiana na ugonjwa huu. Baadhi ya jeni hunakiliwa katika RNA lakini hazitafsiriwi na kuwa bidhaa za protini: molekuli kama hizo za RNA zinaitwa [[RNA zisizosimba]]. Katika kesi nyingine, bidhaa hizo hujikunja na kuwa miundo ambayo inashiriki katika kazi muhimu za seli (kwa mfano [[RNA za ribosomu]] na [[RNA hamishi]]). RNA zinaweza pia kuwa na athari za kudhibiti kupitia mahusiano ya [[uvyausaji]] na molekuli nyingine za RNA (k.m. [[mikroRNA]]). ===Maumbile dhidi ya malezi=== [[File:Niobe050905-Siamese Cat.jpeg|thumb|upright|Paka wa kabila la [[Siamese]] wana mabadiliko ambayo hutokana na [[joto]] katika uzalishaji wa [[pigmenti]].]] Ingawa jeni huwa na maelezo yote ambayo kiumbe hutumia ili kufanya kazi, mazingira huwa na mchango muhimu katika kuamua fenotipu ya mwisho, jambo ambalo mara nyingi hujulikana kama "maumbile dhidi ya malezi". Fenotipu ya viumbe hutegemea mahusiano ya jenetiki na mazingira. Mfano mmoja ni kesi ya mabadiliko yanayohusiana na [[joto-hisi]]. Mara nyingi, badiliko moja la aminoasidi katika mpangilio wa protini huwa halibadilishi tabia za protini hiyo na mwingiliano wake na molekuli nyingine, lakini huwa linavuruga muundo. Katika mazingira yenye kiwango cha juu cha [[Halijoto|joto]], ambapo molekuli zinasonga kwa kasi zaidi na kugongana, mambo haya husababisha protini kupoteza muundo wake na kushindwa kufanya kazi. Hata hivyo, katika mazingira yenye kiwango cha chini cha joto, muundo wa protini ni thabiti na huwa inafanya kazi kama kawaida. Aina hii ya mabadiliko huonekana katika rangi ya ngozi ya aina ya paka inayoitwa Siamese, ambapo mabadiliko katika kimeng'enya kinachohusika na utoaji rangi hukifanya kivurugike na kipoteze uwezo wa kufanya kazi katika viwango vya joto vya juu<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x |pmid=16573534 |year=2006 |last1=Imes |first1=DL |last2=Geary |last3=Grahn |last4=Lyons |title=Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation. |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=175–8 |journal=Animal genetics |first2=LA |first3=RA |first4=LA |pmc=1464423}}</ref>Protini hiyo huendelea kufanya kazi katika maeneo ya ngozi ambayo yana viwango vya joto vya chini (miguu, ma[[sikio]], [[mkia]], na [[uso]], hivyo paka huyu ana manyoya meusi katika sehemu hizo. Mazingira pia huwa na athari kubwa katika madhara ya ugonjwa wa binadamu unaohusiana na jeni wa [[feniketonuria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/phenylketonuria.html |title=MedlinePlus: Phenylketonuria |accessdate=15 Machi 2008 |publisher=NIH: National Library of Medicine}}</ref> Mabadiliko yanayosababisha feniketonuria huvuruga uwezo wa mwili wa kuyeyusha aminoasidi [[fenilalanini]], na husababisha kukusanyika kwa [[sumu]] ya molekuli ya kati ambayo, kwa upande mwingine, husababisha [[dalili]] kali za [[ulemavu wa akili]] na mishtuko ya [[moyo]] zinazoendelea kuenea. Hata hivyo, kama mtu mwenye mabadiliko ya feniketonuria atafuata mwongozo kamili wa [[chakula]] ambao unaepuka aminoasidi hiyo, atakuwa na afya nzuri na ataendelea na maisha yake kama kawaida. Njia maarufu ya kupima kiasi cha athari ya mazingira na malezi ni kutazama kwa makini mapacha wanaofanana na wasiofanana au ndugu waliozaliwa kwa nyakati mbalimbali.{{Citation needed|date=Oktoba 2009}} Kwa sababu ndugu wanaofanana kabisa hutoka kwa [[zaigoti]] moja, nao huwa na jeni sawa. Kumbe ndugu wasiofanana wana jeni tofauti kama ilivyo kwa ndugu wa kawaida. Kwa kulinganisha mara ngapi mmojawapo wa mapacha ana tatizo sawa na mwenzake kati ya mapacha wanaofanana na wale wasiofanana, wanasayansi wanaweza kuona kama athari nyingi zinazotokana na mazingira au malezi. Mfano mmoja maarufu wa utafiti wa watoto waliozaliwa wakiwa zaidi ya wawili ni mapacha wanne wa Genain, waliokuwa wanafanana wote na kutambuliwa wana dhiki ileile.<ref name="Genain">{{cite book |title=The Genain quadruplets;a case study and theoretical analysis of heredity and environment in schizophrenia. |url=https://archive.org/details/genainquadruplet0000rose |last= Rosenthal |first=David |year= 1964 |publisher=Basic Books |location=New York |isbn= B0000CM68F}}</ref> ===Usawazishaji wa jeni=== Jenomu ya kiumbe fulani huwa na maelfu ya jeni, lakini si jeni hizo zote zinahitajika kuhaja ya kuwa hai wakati wowote. Jeni hupatikana wakati inanakiliwa katika [[mRNA]] (na kutafsiriwa katika protini), na kuna njia nyingi za mkononi za kudhibiti usemi wa jeni vile protini ni zinazozalishwa tu wakati zinahitajika kwa seli. Vipengele vya kunakili ni [[protini rekebishi]] zinazojifunga na kuanza jeni, ama kukuza au kuzuia unakili wa jeni.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11823631 |doi=10.1126/science.1066355 |year=2002 |last1=Brivanlou |first1=AH |last2=Darnell Je |title=Signal transduction and the control of gene expression. |volume=295 |issue=5556 |pages=813–8 |journal=Science (New York, N.Y.) |first2=JE}}</ref><ref> Alberts et al. (2002), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.1269#1270 II.3.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.section.1269#1270 Control of Gene Expression – The Tryptophan Repressor Is a Simple Switch That Turns Genes On and Off in Bacteria]</ref> [[File:Zinc finger DNA complex.png|thumb|upright|left|Vipengele vya unakili hujifunga kwenye DNA, na kuathiri unakili wa jeni zinazohusishwa.]] Tofauti katika upatikanaji wa jeni hasa huonekana wazi ndani ya viumbe wenye seli nyingi, ambapo seli zote huwa na jenomu sawa lakini miundo na tabia tofauti sana kutokana na upatikanaji wa seti tofauti za jeni. Seli zote katika viumbe wenye seli nyingi hutoka kwa seli moja, na kugawanyika katika aina tofauti za seli hutokana na ishara za nje na ndani ya seli na kuanzisha ruwaza tofauti za upatikanaji wa jeni, polepole, ili kuunda tabia tofauti. Kwa kuwa hakuna jeni moja ambayo inaweza kutengeneza miundo ndani ya viumbe vilivyo na seli nyingi, ruwaza hizi hutokana na mahusiano changamano kati ya seli nyingi. Ndani ya [[Eukaryota|viumbe wenye seli zilizo na miundo changamano]] kuna sehemu za miundo za kromatini ambazo huathiri unakili wa jeni, mara nyingi kupitia marekebisho ya DNA na kromatini ambayo hurithiwa kwa njia thabiti na seli zinazotengenezwa.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/ng1089 |pmid=12610534 |year=2003 |last1=Jaenisch |first1=R |last2=Bird |title=Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. |volume=33 Suppl |pages=245–54 |journal=Nature genetics |first2=A}}</ref> Sehemu hizo zinaitwa "[[epijenetiki]]" kwa sababu zipo "juu" ya mpangilio wa DNA na huhifadhi urithi kutoka kizazi kimoja cha seli hadi kizazi kingine. Kwa sababu ya sehemu hizo epijenetiki, aina tofauti za seli zilizokuzwa ndani ya mazingira mamoja zinaweza kuhifadhi tabia tofauti sana. Ingawa sehemu za epijenetiki kwa jumla zina nguvu juu ya mkondo wa ukuaji, baadhi yake, kama suala la mabadiliko maalum ambapo aleli moja ya heterozigasi hubadilisha ile nyingine kabisa, lina urithi unaohusisha vizazi vingi na hupatikana kama mambo yasiyo ya kawaida kwa kanuni ya jumla ya DNA kama msingi wa urithi.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.007 |pmid=17320501 |year=2007 |last1=Chandler |first1=VL |title=Paramutation: from maize to mice. |url=https://archive.org/details/cell_2007-02-23_128_4/page/641 |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=641–5 |journal=Cell}}</ref> ==Mabadiliko ya jeni== ===Migeuko=== [[File:Gene-duplication.png|thumb|upright|Utoaji tena wa jeni huruhusu [[uanuwaishaji]] kwa kutoa urudufishaji: jeni moja inaweza kubadilika na kupoteza utendaji kazi wake wa awali bila kukidhuru kiumbe.]] Wakati wa mchakato wa urudufishaji wa DNA, mara kwa mara makosa hutokea katika [[upolimishaji]] wa ncha ya pili. Makosa hayo, yaitwayo mabadiliko, yanaweza kuwa na athari kwenye fenotipu ya kiumbe, hasa kama yatatokea katika mpangilio wa usimbaji wa protini, wa jeni. Viwango vya makosa kwa kawaida huwa chini sana (kosa 1 katika kila misingi milioni 10-100) kutokana na uwezo wa "[[usahihishaji prufu]]" wa polimerasi za DNA.<ref name="griffiths2000sect2706">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.2706 |chapter=Spontaneous mutations |editor-first=William M.}}</ref><ref name="Kunkel">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/sj.emboj.7600158 |pmid=15057282 |year=2004 |last1=Freisinger |first1=E |last2=Grollman |last3=Miller |last4=Kisker |title=Lesion (in)tolerance reveals insights into DNA replication fidelity. |volume=23 |issue=7 |pages=1494–505 |journal=The EMBO journal |first2=AP |first3=H |first4=C |pmc=391067}}</ref> (Bila usahihishaji prufu viwango vya makosa vingekuwa juu sana; kwa sababu virusi vingi hutegemea polimerasi za DNA na RNA, ambazo hazina uwezo wa kusahihisha prufu, hivyo huwa na viwango vya juu vya mabadiliko). Michakato ambayo huongeza kasi ya mabadiliko katika DNA huitwa [[mutajeniki]]: kemikali zinazohusika na mutajeniki huendeleza makosa katika urudufishaji wa DNA, mara nyingi kwa kuingilia muundo wa uambatanishaji-msingi, huku [[mnururisho]] wa UV ukichochea mabadiliko kwa kusababisha uharibifu kwa muundo wa DNA.<ref name="griffiths2000sect2727">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.2727 |chapter=Induced mutations |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Uharibifu unaosababishwa na kemikali kwenye DNA pia hutokea kiasili, na seli hutumia utaratibu wa kutengeneza DNA ili kutengeneza sehemu zozote zilizounganishwa vibaya na kuvunjika katika DNA; hata hivyo, utengenezaji wakati mwingine hushindwa kurudisha DNA katika mpangilio wake asili. Katika viumbe vinavyotumia uvukaji wa kromosomu ili kubadilishana DNA na kuunganisha jeni tena, makosa katika mfungamano wakati wa meiosisi pia yanaweza kusababisha mabadiliko.<ref name="griffiths2000sect2844">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.2844 |chapter=Chromosome Mutation I: Changes in Chromosome Structure: Introduction |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Makosa katika uvukaji hasa yanaweza kutokea wakati mipangilio inayofanana inasababisha kromosomu zilizo pamoja kuchukua mfungamano ulio na makosa; jambo hili huwa linafanya baadhi ya maeneo katika jenomu kuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kuathiriwa na mabadiliko kwa njia hiyo. Makosa hayo huunda mabadiliko makubwa kwenye muundo katika mpangilio wa DNA-urudufishaji, mageuzo au kufutwa kwa maeneo yote, au ubadilishaji kimakosa wa sehemu nzima kati ya kromosomu tofauti (jambo liitwalo [[ubadilishaji eneo]]). ===Uteuzi wa kimaumbile na mageuko=== Mabadiliko hubadilisha jenotipu ya kiumbe na mara kwa mara mabadiliko hayo husababisha fenotipu tofauti kuonekana. Mabadiliko mengi yana athari ndogo juu ya fenotipu, afya au uzima wa uzazi katika kiumbe. Mabadiliko ambayo huwa na athari kwa kawaida hufuta, lakini mara kwa mara baadhi ya mabadiliko yanaweza kuwa na faida. Utafiti katika [[nzi]] aina ya ''Drosophila melanogaster'' unapendekeza kwamba ikiwa mabadiliko yatabadilisha protini iliyozalishwa na jeni, karibu asilimia 70 ya mabadiliko hayo yatakuwa hatari, yaliyosalia yakiwa ama hayana madhara yoyote au yana manufaa madogo.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17409186 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0701572104 |year=2007 |last1=Sawyer |first1=SA |last2=Parsch |last3=Zhang |last4=Hartl |title=Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2007-04-17_104_16/page/6504 |volume=104 |issue=16 |pages=6504–10 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |first2=J |first3=Z |first4=DL |pmc=1871816}}</ref> [[File:Eukaryote tree.svg|thumb|left|Mti wa mageuko ya viumbe wenye seli nyingi, uliotengenezwa kwa kulinganisha jeni kadhaa zilizotoka moja kwa moja kwa jeni moja asilia]] Jenetikia wa idadi hutafiti usambazaji wa tofauti za kijeni katika watu na jinsi usambazaji huo unavyobadilika kadiri wakati unavyopita.<ref name="griffiths2000sect3842">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.3842 |chapter=Variation and its modulation |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Mabadiliko katika mara ambayo aleli inatokea katika idadi ya watu, wanyama na mimea hasa huathiriwa na [[uteuzi asili]], ambapo aleli fulani hutoa faida ya kiuteuzi au kiuzazi kwa kiumbe,<ref name="griffiths2000sect3886">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.3886 |chapter=Selection |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> pamoja na mambo mengine kama vile [[mkondo wa jeni]], [[uteuzi bandia]] na uhamaji.<ref name="griffiths2000sect3906">{{cite book |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=iga.section.3906 |chapter=Random events |editor-first=William M.}}</ref> Kupita vizazi vingi, jenomu ya viumbe inaweza kubadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa, na hivyo kusababisha mageuko. Uteuzi kwa mabadiliko yaliyo na manufaa unaweza kusababisha spishi kugeuka na kuwa aina bora zinazoweza kuishi katika mazingira yake, mchakato uitwao marekebisho.<ref name="Darwin"> {{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |authorlink = Charles Darwin |year=1859 |title=On the Origin of Species |place=London |publisher=John Murray |edition=1st |pages=1 |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=16 |isbn=0801413192}} . Mawazo ya hapo awali yaliyohusiana yalikubaliwa katika {{cite book |last=Darwin |first=Charles |authorlink = Charles Darwin |year=1861 |title=On the Origin of Species |place=London |publisher=John Murray |edition=3rd |pages=xiii |url=http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F381&viewtype=text&pageseq=20 |nopp=true |isbn=0801413192}}</ref> Spishi mpya hutengenezwa kwa njia ya mchakato wa mageuko yanayosababisha kuwepo kwa spishi mpya, sanasana yanayosababishwa na utenganishaji wa kijiografia unaozuia idadi za wanyama na mimea kubadilishana jeni.<ref name="Gavrilets">{{cite journal |pmid=14628909 |doi=10.1554/02-727 |year=2003 |last1=Gavrilets |first1=S |title=Perspective: models of speciation: what have we learned in 40 years? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_2003-10_57_10/page/n2 |volume=57 |issue=10 |pages=2197–215 |journal=Evolution; international journal of organic evolution}}</ref> Matumizi ya kanuni za kijeni katika utafiti wa biolojia na mageuko ya idadi ya wanyama na mimea yanajulikana kama usanisi wa kisasa. Kwa kulinganisha [[homolojia]] kati ya aina tofauti za jenomu za spishi inawezekana kuhesabu umbali wa mageuko baina ya spishi hizo na wakati ambapo zinaweza kuwa ziliachana (utaratibu huo unaitwa [[saa ya molekuli]]).<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=12175808 |doi=10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02744-0 |year=2002 |last1=Wolf |first1=YI |last2=Rogozin |last3=Grishin |last4=Koonin |title=Genome trees and the tree of life. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-genetics_2002-09_18_9/page/472 |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=472–9 |journal=Trends in genetics : TIG |first2=IB |first3=NV |first4=EV}}</ref> Ulinganishaji wa jeni kwa jumla hufikiriwa kuwa mbinu sahihi zaidi ya utambazi-sifa za uhusiano kati ya spishi kuliko ulinganifu wa tabia za kifenotipu. Mageuko ya umbali baina ya spishi yanaweza kutumika kutengenezea miti inayoonyesha mageuko; miti hiyo huwakilisha asili moja na kuachana kwa spishi kadiri muda unavyokwenda, ingawa haionyeshi uhamishaji wa nyenzo za jeni kati ya spishi zisizo na uhusiano (jambo linalojulikana kama uhamishaji jeni wa mlalo na ambao hutokea sana katika bakteria). ==Utafiti na teknolojia== ===Viumbe vielelezi na jenetikia=== [[File:Drosophila melanogaster - side (aka).jpg|thumb|right|[[Nzi-tunda]] wa kawaida (Drosophila melanogaster) ni kiumbe maarufu anayetumiwa kama mfano katika utafiti wa jeni.]] Ingawa wataalamu wa jeni mwanzoni walikuwa wakitafiti urithi katika aina mbalimbali za viumbe, watafiti walianza kufanya utafiti maalum wa jenetikia ya vikundi maalum vya viumbe. Ukweli kwamba utafiti mpana wa kiumbe maalum tayari ulikuwepo ulihimiza watafiti wapya kumchagua kiumbe huyo wamfanyie utafiti zaidi, na hatimaye viumbe kadhaa waliotumika kama mfano wakawa msingi wa tafiti nyingi za jeni.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.loci.wisc.edu/outreach/text/model.html |title=The Use of Model Organisms in Instruction |accessdate=15 Machi 2008 |publisher=University of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Outreach Research Modules |archivedate=2008-03-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313023531/http://www.loci.wisc.edu/outreach/text/model.html }}</ref> Mada zinazotafitiwa sana katika jenetikia wa viumbe ni pamoja na utafiti wa jeni kanuni na ushiriki wa jeni katika maendeleo na [[kansa]]. Kati ya sababu zilizozingatiwa katika uchaguzi wa viumbe kuna ufupi wa muda kati ya vizazi pamoja na uendeshaji rahisi wa jeni. Hizo zilifanya baadhi ya viumbe kuwa zana maarufu katika utafiti. Viumbe vilivyotumika sana kama mifano ni pamoja na bakteria inayopatikana kwenye tumbo ''Escherichia coli'', mmea wa ''Arabidopsis thaliana', [[chachu]] inayotumiwa katika [[ukokaji]] ("Saccharomyces cerevisiae"), [[nematodi]] ''Caenorhabditis elegans', nzi-tunda wa kawaida ("Drosophila melanogaster"), na [[panya]] wa kawaida wa nyumbani ("Mus musculus"). ===Utafiti wa kimatibabu wa jenetikia=== Jenetikia ya kimatibabu hujaribu kuelewa jinsi tofauti katika jeni zinavyohusiana na afya na maradhi ya binadamu.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=gnd&ref=sidebar| title=NCBI: Genes and Disease| publisher=NIH: National Center for Biotechnology Information| accessdate=15 Machi 2008}}</ref> Wakati wa kutafuta jeni ambayo haijulikani na ambayo inaweza kuwa imehusika na ugonjwa, kwa kawaida watafiti hutumia uhusiano katika jeni na chati za ukoo wa jeni ili kupata eneo kwenye jenomu linalohusiana na ugonjwa husika. Katika ngazi ya idadi ya wanyama na mimea, watafiti hutumia uchaguzi wa kinasibu wa Mendel kutafuta maeneo katika jenomu yanayohusishwa na ugonjwa, mbinu ambayo hasa ni muhimu kwa ajili ya sifa za jeni nyingi ambazo hazifafanuliwi wazi na jeni moja.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/ije/dyg070 |pmid=12689998 |year=2003 |last1=Davey Smith |first1=G |last2=Ebrahim |title='Mendelian randomization': can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-epidemiology_2003-02_32_1/page/1 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |journal=International journal of epidemiology |first2=S}}</ref> Baada ya jeni inayoshukiwa kuhusika kupatikana, mara nyingi utafiti zaidi hufanyiwa kuhusu jeni inayofanana (inayoitwa jeni iliyotoka moja kwa moja katika jeni asilia) katika viumbe vinavyotumiwa kama mfano. Mbali na kutafitia magonjwa yanayohusiana na jeni, upatikanaji ulioongezeka wa mbinu za utambuzi wa aina ya jeni umesababisha kuwepo kwa taaluma ya [[famakojenetikia]] ili kutafiti jinsi aina ya jeni inavyoweza kuathiri matokeo ya madawa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Initiatives/PGRN/Background/FactSheet.htm |title=Pharmacogenetics Fact Sheet |accessdate=15 Machi 2008 |publisher=NIH: National Institute of General Medical Sciences |archivedate=2008-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512012316/http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Initiatives/PGRN/Background/FactSheet.htm }}</ref> Watu hutofautiana katika uwezekano uliorithiwa wa kupatwa na kansa,<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15510167</ref> na kansa ni ugonjwa unaohusiana na jeni.<ref>[154] ^ {{cite book| author=Strachan T, Read AP| title=Human Molecular Genetics 2| year=1999| publisher=John Wiley & Sons Inc.| edition=second}} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hmg.chapter.2342 Chapter 18: Cancer Genetics]</ref> Mchakato wa ukuaji wa kansa katika mwili ni mchanganyiko wa matukio. Mara kwa mara mabadiliko hutokea ndani ya seli katika mwili wakati zinajigawa. Ingawa mabadiliko hayo hayatarithiwa na mtoto yeyote, yanaweza kuathiri tabia ya seli, wakati mwingine yakizifanya zikue na kujigawanya mara nyingi zaidi. Kuna taratibu za kibiolojia ambazo hujaribu kusimamisha mchakato huo; ishara hutumwa kwa seli inayojigawa visivyo ambayo inachochea kifo cha seli, lakini wakati mwingine mabadiliko ziada hutokea ambayo huzifanya seli ziupuuze ujumbe huo. Mchakato wa ndani ya uteuzi asilia hutokea ndani ya mwili na hatimaye mabadiliko hujilimbikiza ndani ya seli na kukuza ukuaji wa seli hizo, hivyo kujenga vivimbe vyenye kansa ambavyo hukua na kushambulia [[tishu]] mbalimbali za mwili. ===Mbinu za utafiti=== DNA inaweza kutawaliwa kiufundi katika [[maabara]]. Vimeng'enya vya uzuiaji ni aina ya [[Kimeng'enya|vimeng'enya]] ambayo hutumiwa sana na mabyo huikata DNA kwa mpangilio maalum, hivyo kuzalisha vipande vinavyoweza kutabirika vya DNA.<ref> Lodish et al. (2000), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.section.1582 Chapter 7: 7.1.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.section.1582 DNA Cloning with Plasmid Vectors]</ref> Vipande vya DNA vinaweza kuonekana kupitia matumizi ya [[elektroforesisi]] ya jeli, ambayo hutenganisha vipande kwa kuzingatia urefu wake. Matumizi ya vimeng'enya ligation huruhusu vipande vya DNA kushikamana, na kwa nguvu ya DNA ligating pamoja kutoka vyanzo mbalimbali, watafiti wanaweza kujenga DNA recombinant. Mara nyingi zinazohusiana na iliyopita viumbe genetiskt, DNA recombinant ni kawaida kutumika katika mazingira ya-fupi mviringo DNA vipande plasmids na wachache jeni ya juu yao. Kwa kuingiza plazmidi katika bakteria na kukuza bakteria hizi kwenye [[sahani za aga]] (ili kutenga seli za bakteria zilizoumbwa bila kuhusisha kujamiana), watafiti wanaweza kukuza kipande cha DNA kilichoingizwa kupitia uumbaji usiohusisha kujamiana (mchakato unaojulikana kama uumbaji wa molekuli usiohusisha kujamiana). (Neno kukloni, yaani kuumba bila kuhusisha kujamiana, pia linaweza kurejelea utengenezaji wa viumbe kwa njia hii, kupitia mbinu mbalimbali.) [[File:Ecoli colonies.png|thumb|right|175px|Vikundi vya E. coli kwenye sahani ya aga, ni mfano wa utengenezaji wa seli bila kujamiana na mara nyingi hutumika katika utengenezaji wa aina hii wa molekuli.]] DNA pia inaweza kukuzwa kwa kutumia utaratibu uitwao maitikio ya mfululizo ya polimerasi (PCR).<ref> Lodish et al. (2000), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=PCR&amp;rid=mcb.section.1718 Chapter 7: 7.7.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=PCR&amp;rid=mcb.section.1718 Polymerase Chain Reaction: An Alternative to Cloning]</ref> Kwa kutumia mipangilio mifupi na maalum ya DNA, utaratibu wa PCR unaweza kutenga na kukuza kipeo eneo lengwa la DNA. Kwa sababu inaweza kukuza kutoka kiasi kidogo mno cha DNA, PCR mara nyingi pia hutumika kugundua kuwepo kwa mwandamano maalum DNA. ===Mpangilio wa DNA na jenomiki=== Mojawapo ya teknolojia za msingi zilizotengenezwa kuchunguza jenetikia, upangaji DNA huruhusu watafiti kuamua mpangilio wa nyukleotidi katika vipande vya DNA. Mpangilio maalum wa upangaji DNA uliobuniwa na [[Frederick Sanger]] na wenzake mwaka [[1977]], sasa hutumika mara kwa mara kupanga vipande vya DNA.<ref>{{cite book |author=Brown TA |title=Genomes 2 |edition=2nd |year=2002 |isbn=1 85996 228 9 |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.section.6452 |chapter=Section 2, Chapter 6: 6.1. The Methodology for DNA Sequencing |publisher=Bios |location=Oxford}}</ref> Teknolojia hiyo imewawezesha watafiti kuchunguza mipangilio ya molekuli inayohusishwa na magonjwa mengi ya binadamu. Kutokana na kupungua kwa gharama ya upangaji, watafiti wamepanga jenomu za viumbe wengi, kwa kutumia zana za kuhesabu ili kuunganisha mipangilio ya vipande vingi tofauti (mchakato uitwao [[ukusanyaji jenomu]]).<ref>[159] ^ Brown (2002), [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.section.6481 Section 2, Chapter 6: 6.2.][http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=genomes.section.6481 Assembly of a Contiguous DNA Sequence]</ref> Teknolojia hizo zilitumika kupanga jenomu ya binadamu, na kusababisha kukamilika kwa Mradi wa Jenomu ya Binadamu mwaka [[2003]].<ref name="human_genome_project">{{cite web |url=http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml |title=Human Genome Project Information |accessdate=15 Machi 2008 |publisher=Human Genome Project |archive-date=2008-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315062131/http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Teknolojia mpya zinapunguza kwa kasi gharama ya upangaji wa DNA, huku watafiti wengi wakitumaini kupunguza gharama ya upangaji upya wa jenomu ya binadamu hadi [[dola]] elfu.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.311.5767.1544 |pmid=16543431 |year=2006 |last1=Service |first1=RF |title=Gene sequencing. The race for the $1000 genome. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-03-17_311_5767/page/1544 |volume=311 |issue=5767 |pages=1544–6 |journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)}}</ref> Kiasi kikubwa cha data ya mpangilio kinachoweza kupatikana kimesababisha taaluma ya [[jenomiki]], utafiti ambao hutumia zana za hesabu kutafuta na kuchunguza ruwaza katika jenomu kamili ya viumbe. Taaluma ya jenomiki pia inaweza kuchukuliwa kama tawi la taaluma ya [[bioinfomatiki]], ambayo hutumia mbinu za hesabu kuchambua seti kubwa za data ya biolojia. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * {{Rejea kitabu |author=Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, and Walter P |title=Molecular Biology of the Cell |edition=4th |year=2002 |isbn=0-8153-3218-1 |publisher=Garland Science |location=New York}} * {{Rejea kitabu |editor1-first=Anthony J. F. |editor1-last=Griffiths |editor2-first=Jeffrey H. |editor2-last=Miller |editor3-first=David T. |editor3-last=Suzuki |editor4-first=Richard C. |editor4-last=Lewontin |editor5-last=Gelbart |title=An Introduction to Genetic Analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoge0000unse_v1d3 |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3520-2 |edition=7th |publisher=W. H. Freeman |location=New York |editor-first=William M.}} * {{Rejea kitabu |author=Hartl D, Jones E |title=Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes |url=https://archive.org/details/genetics00dani |edition=6th |publisher=Jones & Bartlett |year=2005 |isbn=0-7637-1511-5}} * {{Rejea kitabu |author=Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky LS, Matsudaira P, Baltimore D, and Darnell J |title=Molecular Cell Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/molecularcellbio00lodi |edition=4th |year=2000 |isbn=0-7167-3136-3 |publisher=Scientific American Books |location=New York}} * {{Rejea kitabu |editor1-first=Guenther |editor1-last=Witzany |title=Natural Genetic Engineering and Natural Genome Editing |year=2009|publisher=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |location=New York |isbn=1573317659}} ISBN 978-57331-765-8 [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.2009.1178.issue-1/issuetoc] [[Category:Jenetikia]] [[Category:Tiba]] 0wg12deiocqwzqnppolaouwqu0dgoow 0 95156 1595563 1019982 2026-09-09T13:05:29Z ~2026-48917-21 92243 1595563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esta''' ni [[mchezo]] asilia wa [[watoto]] wa [[Afrika Mashariki]]. Mchezo huu unashirikisha [[idadi]] yoyote ya watoto, hata mmoja tu. mchezo huu huchezwa na watoto kuchora viboksi chini vinawekwa namba halafu wanaruka kutokana na namba au maua wanaweza ruka kwa mguu mmoja au yote miwili baadhi ya sehemu {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Michezo]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika]] eaur88dvgajtddygnm0igyl7uce5vc7 0 112381 1595576 1594604 2026-09-09T13:59:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Wengineo */ 1595576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bakhita Szent Jozefina.jpeg|thumb|[[Yosefina Bakhita]] kutoka [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]] ya leo.]] '''Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika''' hii inataja [[watu]] wanaoheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] au [[madhehebu]] mengine yoyote ya [[Ukristo]] kama [[watakatifu]] ambao walizaliwa, waliishi au walifariki [[Bara|barani]] humo (katika mabano mara nyingi inatajwa nchi ya leo). ==Kabla ya Uislamu== Katika [[karne]] [[sita]] za kwanza za [[Kanisa]], [[Afrika]] ililizalia [[watakatifu]] na [[viongozi]] wake wengi, bila kushindwa na [[dhuluma]] za [[Dola la Roma]] zilizoenea kote, [[Farakano la Donato]] na dhuluma ya [[Wavandali]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Magharibi]], [[farakano]] la [[Wakopti]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Mashariki]] (lililofuata [[Mtaguso wa Kalsedonia]], [[451]]). ===Watu wa Biblia=== * [[Simoni wa Kurene]], [[Libya]] * [[Marko Mwinjili]], [[Misri]] * [[Apolo (Biblia)|Apolo]], Misri * [[Lukio wa Kurene]], Libya ===Mapapa wa Roma=== Kati ya [[Mapapa]] wa [[Roma]] wa karne za kwanza watatu walizaliwa Afrika au Roma na wazazi kutoka Afrika. Wote hao wanaheshimiwa kama watakatifu: * [[Papa Viktor I]] ([[189]]-[[199]]), Libya * [[Papa Miltiades]] (311-314), [[Algeria]] * [[Papa Gelasius I]] (492-496), Algeria ===Walimu wa Kanisa=== Kati ya [[walimu wa Kanisa]], watatu walitokea Afrika: * [[Atanasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Augustino wa Hippo]], Algeria * [[Sirili wa Aleksandria]], Misri Wengine waliosomea Afrika ni: * [[Bazili Mkuu]], Misri * [[Gregori wa Nazienzi]], Misri ===Waandishi na wanateolojia=== Waandishi na wanateolojia wengi walitokea Afrika au waliishi huko, kama vile watakatifu: <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Achilas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Amonasi]], Misri * [[Amoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Anatolius wa Laodikea]], Misri * [[Athenagora wa Athene]], Misri * [[Aurelius wa Karthago]], [[Tunisia]] * [[Damiani wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Danieli wa Skete]], Misri * [[Didimo Kipofu]], Misri * [[Epifani wa Salamina]], Misri * [[Eugenius wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eulogi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eusebi wa Vercelli]], Misri * [[Filastri]], Misri * [[Fulgensyo wa Ruspe]], Tunisia * [[Horsiesi]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Pelusium]], Misri * [[Klemens wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiferi wa Cagliari]], Misri * [[Maksimo Muungamadini]], Tunisia * [[Nilo wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Optatus wa Milevi]], Algeria * [[Orsisius]] wa Tabenna, Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Panfilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pantenus]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Tammah]], Misri * [[Petroni wa Bologna]], Misri * [[Pierio]], Misri * [[Ponsyo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Posidi]], Tunisia * [[Saba abati]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Thmuis]], Misri * [[Shenute]], Misri * [[Sipriani mfiadini]], Tunisia * [[Sofroni wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Quodvultdeus]], Tunisia * [[Theofilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Zeno wa Verona]], Algeria {{div col end}} ===Wengineo=== <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abadir, Iraya na wenzao|Abadir na wenzake]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Antinoe]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Bilgai]], Misri * [[Abaidus]], [[Ethiopia]] * [[Abaku]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tarnut]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tukh]], Misri * [[Abanubi]], Misri * [[Abasad]], Misri * [[Abashade]], Misri * [[Abaskhiron]], Misri * [[Abeluzius]], Ethiopia * [[Abibi na Apoloni]], Misri * [[Abidiani na wenzake|Abidiani, Demetria, Donati, Gagus, Januaria, Juliana, Nepori, Paposiniki, Kwirini, Kwirus]] na wenzao 146, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abili wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Ablak]], Ethiopia * [[Abnodi]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu Fukara]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abrahamu wa Farshut]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Minuf]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Skete]], Misri * [[Abundanti na wenzake|Abundanti, Adrasti, Agapius, Karisi, Donatila, Donati, Fortuni, Leo, Nisefori, Polokroni]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Achilas wa Skete]], Misri * [[Acutus, Anastasia, Candidus, Coelifloria, Felix, Honorius, Januaria, Jucundus, Lucianus, Marcus, Petrus, Secundus, Severus na Telesphorus]], [[Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Ada wa Ethiopia]] * [[Adiuto wa Cava]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani wa Canterbury]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adrioni]], Misri * [[Afesi na wenzake|Afesi, Aleksanda, Amfamoni, Apoloni, Arioni, Dionusi, Dioskoro, Elafa, Eunuko, Fabiani, Felisi, Fisosi, Gurdino, Hinus, Kapitolini, Kapitulini, Kresenti, Melei, Nika, Nisia, Panus, Panubri, Plebri, Pleosi, Theoma, Tuboni na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aflahos na wenzake]], Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Beziers]], Misri * [[Abba Aftse|Aftse]], Ethiopia * [[Agapio, Sekondino na wenzao|Agapio, Sekondino, Emiliani, Tertula, Antonia]] na wenzao 3, Algeria * [[Agatho na wenzake|Agatho, Ammonius, Aratus, Bastammonius, Bastamus, Bessammonius, Collutus, Cyriacus, Didymus, Dionysius, Dioscorus, Hero, Hippeas, Horpresius, Horus, Oecomeus, Orion, Pantherus, Papas, Papias, Paulo, Pethecus, Pinutus, Plesius, Potamon, Protea, Recombus, Recumbus, Romanus, Sarmata, Saturninus, Serapion, Theonas, Thionius na Zoticus]], Misri * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Agatoni, Lusia na Diogene]], Misri * [[Agatoni mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Agileus]], Tunisia * [[Agrari]], Tunisia * [[Agripino wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuli wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuta na wenzake|Akuta, Kandidi, Konstansi, Eugenia, Firmus, Hilarini, Lusida, Marsiali, Penika, Posesa, Rogasiani na Statuniani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Akwila wa Misri]] * [[Akwilinus, Geminus, Augenius, Marcianus, Kwintus, Teodotus na Trifoni]], [[Moroko]] * [[Abba Alef|Alef]], Ethiopia * [[Aleksandra wa Misri]] * [[Alipius wa Thagaste]], Algeria * [[Alonio]], Misri * [[Alveri]], Misri * [[Ambrosi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amfiani na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Amoes wa Skete]], Misri * [[Amoni, Zeno na wenzao|Amoni, Zeno, Tolomayo, Ingene na Theofilo]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ampeli wa Afrika]], Tunisia * [[Ampelio mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anastazia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anatoli wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Abba Anbes|Anbes]], Ethiopia * [[Androniko na Athanasia]], Misri * [[Androniko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aniano wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anthusa wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Antioko, Mario, Dagioni, Menesidei, Mamori, Mamari, Petro na Gumus]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Sulcis]], Algeria au Moroko * [[Antoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anubu mmonaki]], Misri * [[Anububisoyo, Joji na wenzao|Anububisoyo, Joji, Basjela, Arnobi, Petro, Askirioni, Argenida na Belfijus]], Misri * [[Apolo mchungaji]], Misri * [[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi]], Misri * [[Apolo wa Bawit]], Misri * [[Apoloni na Filemoni]], Misri * [[Apoloni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Apolonia wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Apriko, Sirioni, Sirioni mwingine, Eulogi, Hemerioni, Juliani, Julius, Yusto, Menelao, Oreste, Porfiri, Trifoni na Trifoni mwingine]], Misri * [[Aprili na wenzake|Aprili, Autus, Katula, Koliondola, Yosefu, Rogati, Salito, Saturnini na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Ares, Promo na Elia]], Misri * [[Aresi na Rogati]], Misri * [[Aretha mfiadini]], [[Ruma]] na wenzao 340, 4,000 au 20,000, Ethiopia * [[Ariani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Aristo]], Misri * [[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Arkadi, Paskasi, Probo, Eutikiani na Paulilo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Arkadius wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Armini wa Misri]] * [[Armogaste]], [[Maskula]], [[Arkimino]] na [[Saturus wa Afrika|Saturus]], Tunisia * [[Arponi]], Misri * [[Arseni na wenzake|Arseni, Dioskoro, Heroni na Isidori]], Misri * [[Artakse na wenzake|Artakse, Epictetus, Felicitas, Felix, Fortunatus, Jucundus, Pictus, Quietus, Quinctus, Rusticus, Secundus, Sillus, Vincent, Vitalis]] na wenzao 7, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Artemi wa Antiokia]], Misri * [[Artilai na wenzake|Artilai, Antoni, Asklipi, Asteksi, Basili, Bosimi, Donata, Emeriti, Emeteri, Eutiko, Felisi, Fortunati, Fosyo, Frunumi, Gajola, Georgi, Gorgoni, Hemeteri, Isiko, Janula, Julius, Karisimi, Kasti, Klaudiani, Lusiola, Marcha, Marinus, Meteri, Nisefori, Papias, Risini, Sabiani, Saviniani, Seledoni, Siriko na Soli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Askla]], Misri * [[Atanasi II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia]], Misri * [[Atro]], Misri * [[Augusta na Faustina]], Misri * [[Augusto wa Caserta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aurelia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile]], Ethiopia * [[Awgin wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Avitus mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Barsanufi wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Barsen]], Misri * [[Basa, Paula na Agatonika]], Tunisia * [[Basiani, Primitivi na wenzao|Basiani, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wengine 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Basiano na wenzake|Basiano, Sirioni, Agatoni, Mose, Dionisi, Amoni, Tonioni, Proto, Lusio, Armata, Arbasi, Orus, Paulo, Plesius, Pasamona, Hipus]] na wenzao 10 au 14, Misri * [[Basilide wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma]], Ethiopia * [[Bauli]], Misri * [[Bazalota na Eufemia]], Ethiopia * [[Benyamini na Bejoki]], Misri * [[Benyamini I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Beresi na wenzake|Beresi, Lusius, Vikta, Dasi, Leusi, Viktoriki, Viktorisi, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Besa wa Misri]] * [[Besarioni wa Misri]] * [[Besas]], Misri * [[Bessus]], Misri * [[Bona]], Misri * [[Bonifasi, Tekla na wanao]] 12, Algeria * [[Damiani wa Afrika]], Misri * [[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao]] 26, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dasya wa Tanda]], Misri * [[Defendente]], Misri * [[Demetrius I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Demetri mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Demiana]] na wenzake 40, Misri * [[Deogratias wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Didara, Bisoe na Nor]], Misri * [[Dionisi mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dionisi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dionisya wa Vita na wenzake]] ([[Majoriko]], [[Dativa]], [[Leonsya wa Vita]], [[Tersyo wa Byzacena]], [[Emiliani wa Vita]] na [[Bonifasi wa Sicilibba]]), Algeria * [[Dioskoro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro mfiadini (20 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Dioskoro wa Qais]], Misri * [[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Dominiko, Vikta, Primiani, Saturnini, Kresensi, Sekundi na Honorati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Domnini wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Donasyani, Presidi, Mansueti, Jermano na Foskolo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Justus na Herenas]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Makari na Theodori]], Misri * [[Donati wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Dorotea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Doroteo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dositeo wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Edesi mfiadini]], Misri * [[Elesbaan]] (Kalebu wa Aksum), Ethiopia * [[Elia na Simeoni Afamarie]], Ethiopia * [[Elia, Yeremia, Isaya, Samweli na Danieli]], Misri * [[Elia wa Misri]] * [[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Emiliani, Lasi, Didimo, Poemi, Amoni na Prima]] na wenzao 38, Tunisia * [[Epenetus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Epifani, Donati na Rufini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epikteto, Yukundo na wenzao|Epikteto, Yukundo, Felisi, Sekundo, Vitalis, Epikari na wenzao 15]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Epimako, Aleksanda, Merkuria, Dionisya na Amonaria]], Misri * [[Epimako wa Pelusi]], Misri * [[Erakla wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro]], Misri * [[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori]], Misri * [[Esuperansi wa Cingoli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Esuperi wa Thebe|Esuperi]], [[Kandidi wa Thebe|Kandidi]] na [[Vikta wa Thebe|Vikta]], Misri * [[Eufrasi na Klarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eufrasia wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Eufrosina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi]], Misri * [[Eujeni, Salutari na Muriti]], Tunisia * [[Eujeni wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eukari wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eulogi wa Edessa]], Misri * [[Eumeni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Euprepi wa Misri]] * [[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eustrasi wa Sufres]], Tunisia * [[Eutiko, Fortunati, Saturnini, Marsia, Vikta, Stefano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eutikyo]], Misri * [[Eutimio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eutropia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Evasi na Privati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ezana]], Ethiopia * [[Fabius]], Algeria * [[Fana wa Misri]] * [[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Fausto, Abibi, Andrea, Androniko, Andropelagia, Kaldote, Makari, Sarpando, Siriaki, Siriaki mwingine, Thekla na Theosisti]], Misri * [[Fausto, Dio na Amoni]], Misri * [[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Fausto, Kayo, Petro, Paulo, Eusebi, Keremone, Lucho]] na wenzao 2, Misri * [[Fausto shemasi]], Misri * [[Fausto wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Feliche Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Felichisimi]], Tunisia * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia|Felisi, Ponto, Abda na Valeria]], Tunisia * [[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi]], Algeria * [[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi mfiadini (3 Februari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi na Genadi]], Tunisia * [[Felisi na Regula]], Misri * [[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi wa Abbir]], [[Sipriani wa Unizibira]] na wenzao 5,000 hivi, Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Felisi wa Gerona]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Hadrumetum]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Thibiuca]], [[Audactus wa Karthago|Audactus]], [[Fortunatus wa Karthago|Fortunatus]], [[Januari wa Karthago|Januarius]] na [[Septimus wa Karthago|Septimus]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Toniza]], Tunisia * [[Felisiani na wenzake]] 125, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisiani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fermo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fidelis, Felisi na wenzao|Fidelis, Felisi, Kresenti, Liberati]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao]] 17, Algeria * [[Fileas]], [[Filoromus]], Pakomi, Theodori, Petro, Fausto, Didius, Amoni, Hesiki na Viktorina na wenzao 642, Misri * [[Filipo mfiadini (13 Septemba)]], Misri * [[Filipo, Narseo, Zeno na watoto kumi]], Misri * [[Filothei wa Pemdje]], Misri * [[Fiorenzo wa Nebbio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Firmus wa Tagaste]], Algeria * [[Florensi wa Semina]], Tunisia * [[Florensiani wa Midila]], Algeria * [[Fortunati, Felisi, Silvi, Vitalis, Apolo, Isaki na Krotate]], Misri * [[Fortunati na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Lusiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Marsiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fronti wa Perigueux]], Misri * [[Fronto na wenzake]] 70, Misri * [[Frumensyo]], Ethiopia * [[Galikani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Abba Garima|Garima]], Ethiopia * [[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Gaudioso wa Napoli]], Tunisia * [[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo]], Moroko * [[Gelasi wa Nilopoli]], Misri * [[Geranus]], Misri * [[Gerasimo wa Yordani]], Misri * [[Gereoni na wenzake|Gereoni, Kasius, Gregori Maurus, Florenti, Inosenti, Konstantino, Viktori]] na wenzao, Misri * [[Grani na wenzake|Grani, Hilari, Donati, Konsesi na Saturnini]], Misri * [[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abba Guba|Guba]], Ethiopia * [[Gudene]], Tunisia * [[Habetdeus wa Teudali]], Tunisia * [[Helaniki na Begei]], Misri * [[Heliodori na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Heraklemon]], Ethiopia * [[Herakli na Zosimo]], Tunisia * [[Herme wa Numidia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hesiki wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hilarioni wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hipoliti wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hor, Susia na wanao]] Hor na Agatho, Misri * [[Hor wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Hortulani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Hugal na wenzake|Hugal, Emiliani, Motani, Safo, Sterkori na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ifigenia]], Ethiopia * [[Inosenti askofu]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Irene wa Misri]] * [[Irenei wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ireus na Atanasi]], Ethiopia * [[Isaka Mdalmatia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Kellia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Tiphre]], Misri * [[Isidora mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Isidora Mpumbavu]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Kio]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Misri]] * [[Isidori wa Skete]], Misri * [[Iskirioni na wenzake|Iskirioni, Foibamoni, Orsenufi, Belfius, Origen na Petro]], Misri * [[Iskirioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Januari, Masima, Makaria, Konsesa, Timori na Koneksi]], Tunisia * [[Januari na Marino]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jermani, Selestini na Santina]], Misri * [[Jokondiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jovenale wa Narni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Julia wa Corsica]], Tunisia * [[Juliani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Juliani na Basilisa]], Misri * [[Juliani na Eunus]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (patriarki)]], Misri * [[Juliani na Sesari|Juliani wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Julius mfiadini]], Misri * [[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati]], Algeria * [[Kaisi na wenzake|Kaisi, Kwintasi, Septimini, Venusti, Beatus, Sekundi, Donati, Sereni, Kresensi, Niseti, Vitalis, Firmini, Herakli na Eusebi]], Tunisia * [[Kalojero wa Sisilia]], Tunisia * [[Kandida]], Tunisia * [[Kandidi na Piperioni]], Misri * [[Kandidi na wenzake]] 21, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kanio wa Atella]], Tunisia * [[Karagoni]], Misri * [[Karas mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Karioni wa Misri]] * [[Karpoforo, Esanto na wenzao]] Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini, Misri * [[Kasiani wa Autun]], Misri * [[Kasiani wa Tanja]], [[Moroko]] * [[Kasio na Fiorenso]], Misri * [[Kasto na Emilio]], Tunisia * [[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastrese]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Kastuli, Modesti, Rogato, Zotiko]] na wenzao 40 au 50, Misri * [[Katerina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Kato, Jermana, Geronsi, Januari, Julius, Paulo, Pia, Saturnini, Suksesi]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Katulino na wenzake|Katulino, Adauti, Felisi, Florenti, Fortunansiani, Januari, Julia, Setimini na Yusta]], Tunisia * [[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Keladioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Kedroni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Keremoni na wenzake]], Misri * [[Keremoni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kikosi cha Thebe]], Misri * [[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Klaudi na wenzake]] 194, Misri * [[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao|Klaudiani, Sipriani, Donati, Felisi, Januari, Juliani, Lusiani, Marsiani, Marsiali, Petro, Kwiriani, Vikta na Vitalis]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kluthi]], Misri * [[Kointa]], Misri * [[Kolegus na Kolotus]], Misri * [[Koluthi]], Misri * [[Kononi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Konstantino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati]], Libya * [[Korus na wenzake|Korus, Katulini, Faustini, Felisi, Felisi, Nabori, Pleni, Salunus, Saturnini, Silvi, Soluti, Theodora, Theodori, Theoni, Ursus, Valeri, Venusti, Viktorini, Vikturus na Vitalis]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresenti wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresenti wa Bizasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresentiani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali]], Tunisia * [[Kreskoni wa Tripoli]], Libya * [[Kreskoni, Zeno, Menandri, Karini, Arioni, Ipoliti, Diodoro, Menelanti, Atora, Petro, Lambese, Lusiani na Felisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Krisanto na Daria|Krisanto]], Misri * [[Krispina wa Tagora]], Algeria * [[Krispini mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kroni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Kronide, Leonsi, Serapioni, Seleusi, Stratoni na Valeriani]], Misri * [[Kukufas]], Tunisia * [[Kwadrato mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Kwadrato wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Kwartilosa na wenzake]] 2, Tunisia * [[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Kwintiani, Denisi, Juliani, Lucho, Paulo]] na wenzao 15, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Kwintiani, Eleuteri, Gayo, Aleksanda na Saturnini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwinto na wenzake|Kwinto, Simplisi, Pompini, Paulo, Aritife, Kresto, Digno, Datulo, Felisiani, Musa, Rogasyani, Martiri, Orati, Evasi, Viktoria, Privati, Tino, Salvatori, Sito, Teturo, Vitoriko, Seliano, Setimino, Rustiko, Basa, Lucania, Onorati, Saturnini, Sesiliana, Namfamoni, Felisi, Vinsenti, Aresto, Museo, Sidino na Adiuto]], Moroko * [[Laurenti na Ignasi]], Tunisia * [[Leonidas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Leonides wa Thebe]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Leto wa Nefta]], Tunisia * [[Leucho wa Brindisi]], Misri * [[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Liberati, Bonifasi, Servyo, Rustiko, Rogati, Setimo na Masimo]], Tunisia * [[Liboso wa Beja]], Tunisia * [[Abba Likano|Likano]], Ethiopia * [[Likarioni na Potamiona]], Misri * [[Lonjino wa Pamaria]], Algeria * [[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Lucho, Montano, Juliano, Vitoriko, Vikta na Donasiani]], Tunisia * [[Lukio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Lusiani, Metrobi, Paulo, Zenobi, Theotimo na Drusi]], Libya * [[Mabikira Wafiadini (16 Desemba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Makari Mkuu]], Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria]] (Makari Kijana), Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Makari wa Fayum]], Misri * [[Makari wa Libya]], Misri * [[Makroni wa Thoni]], Misri * [[Maksimiliani wa Tebessa]], Algeria * [[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati]], Algeria * [[Mamas wa Awlatos]], Misri * [[Mames na Diskus]], Misri * [[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori]], Misri * [[Mansueti wa Urusi]], Tunisia * [[Mapaliko na wenzake|Mapaliko, Baso, Fortunio, Paulo, Fortunata, Viktorino, Viktori, Eremio, Kredula, Ereda, Donato, Firmo, Venusto, Frukto, Julia, Marziale na Aristone]], Tunisia * [[Marcellus wa Tanja]], Morocco * [[Maria wa Misri]], Misri * [[Mariano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Mariano, Yakobo, Sekondiani, Konkordi, Marinus, Heliodori, Saturnini, Silvani]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi]], Misri * [[Markiano II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Marko, Marsiano na wenzao]], Misri * [[Marko mkaapweke (Libya)]] * [[Marko mkaapweke (Misri)]] * [[Marko mtawa]], Misri * [[Markulo wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Marseli wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Marselino, Satuli, Prokula, Kwiriako, Rejina na Saturnini]] na wenzao 4, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Embrun]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marsiali, Laurenti na wenzao]] 20, Algeria * [[Marsiana wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Marsiano, Jukundi, Tolomea, Filipo, Yohane na Akra]], Misri * [[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Marsiano, Nikandro, Apolonio, Leonida, Areyo, Gorjo, Iperkio, Selenio, Irene na Pamboni]], Misri * [[Martha mfiadini]], Misri * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao]] 2, Algeria * [[Marusi, Restiti na Julius]], Tunisia * [[Masima bikira]], Algeria * [[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda]], Tunisia * [[Masimiani wa Bagai]], Algeria * [[Masimino wa Aix]], Algeria * [[Masimo na Domasi]], Misri * [[Masimo padri mfiadini]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Vuchim]], Misri * [[Mauro mfiadini]], Moroko * [[Mauro wa Parenzo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mavilus]], Tunisia * [[Medilama]], Misri * [[Melania Kijana]], Algeria * [[Melas]], Misri * [[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia]], Misri * [[Melki wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Memno wa Misri]] * [[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo]], Misri * [[Mena wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Mena wa Misri|Menas]], Misri * [[Metras, Saturnini, Tirso, Vikta, Tarsisi, Zotiko na Siriako]], Misri * [[Meuris wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Abuna Aregawi|Mikaeli wa Aragave]], Ethiopia * [[Misaeli mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Modesti, Juliani na Posina]], Tunisia * [[Modesti na Amoni]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Modesti wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Mohrael]], Misri * [[Monika]], Algeria * [[Mora wa Benhor]], Ethiopia * [[Morisi Mtakatifu|Morisi]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Moses wa Psammaniu]], Misri * [[Murita wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Musa Mwafrika]], Ethiopia * [[Musa Mwarabu]], Misri * [[Nabore]], Algeria * [[Namfamo]], [[Mijin]], [[Sanami]], [[Luchita]], [[Namfamo|Adyuto, Aresto, Artifa, Besa, Datulo, Degno, Evasi, Felisi, Felisiani, Kresto, Kwarti, Kwinti, Lukania, Martiri, Mose, Museo, Onorato, Orato, Paulo, Pompini, Privati, Reduktula, Rogasiani, Rustiko, Salvatori, Saturnini, Setimini, Sesiliana, Seliani, Sidini, Simplisi, Sito, Teturo, Tino, Vikta, Viktorino, Vikturi, Vinsenti]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Nemesi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Nemesiani na wenzake|Nemesiani, Feliche, Lucho, Feliche, Liteo, Poliano, Vikta, Iader na Dativus]], Algeria * [[Neopuli]], Misri * [[Nikanda mfiadini]], Misri * [[Nilamoni]], Misri * [[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini]], Misri * [[Nino na wenzake|Nino, Vikta, Nobilitani, Mariani, Lusius, Tinus, Kresensi, Rufiniani, Donati, Defensa, Rustisi, Serviliani, Sokrate, Veneri, Januari, Mustoli, Kwintini, Memi, Isitani, Magnili, Prima, Donata, Severa, Viktoria na Basilia]], Moroko * [[Numidiko]], Tunisia * [[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori]], Misri * [[Oktaviani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Oliva wa Palermo]], Tunisia * [[Orikuli]], Tunisia * [[Orioni, Emili na Agnati]], Misri * [[Orisi mmonaki]], Misri * [[Ospisi wa Nizza]], Misri * [[Otimus]], Misri * [[Pafnusi Mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tentyra]], Misri * [[Pakomi]], Misri * [[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni]], Misri * [[Palemoni]], Misri * [[Pambo wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Pansofi]], Misri * [[Abba Panteleoni|Pantelewon]], Ethiopia * [[Papias na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Papiniani wa Vita]], Tunisia * [[Parmeni na wenzake|Parmeni, Herakli, Eliasi, Apoloni, Eudomi, Anovi na Publi]], Misri * [[Patapi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Patermuti na wenzake|Patermuti, Kopra na Aleksanda]], Misri * [[Paterni wa Roma]], Misri * [[Paulo Mnyofu]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Paulo wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Paulo, Suksesi, Viktorini, Saturus, Misor, Geronsi, Lukresya, Januari, Agapiti, Krusesus, Eufra, Floridus na Teokosi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Peleo, Nilo, Elio na Patermusi]], Misri * [[Pelusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Perpetua Mtakatifu|Perpetua]], [[Felista Mtakatifu|Felista]], [[Revocatus]] [[Saturninus]], [[Saturus]] na [[Sekondinus]] na wenzao, Tunisia * [[Petro na Afrodisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro III wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro, Severus na Leucho]], Misri * [[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Petro, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wenzao 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro wa Ethiopia]] * [[Petroni wa Misri]] * [[Piamun]], Misri * [[Pijimi]], Misri * [[Piniani]], Algeria * [[Pior]], Misri * [[Pishoi]], Misri * [[Pitirim wa Misri]] * [[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Plutarko, Potamiena, Sereno, Eraklide, Erone, Sereno, Eraide na Marsela]], Misri * [[Poemen]], Misri * [[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili]], Misri * [[Polikarpo wa Misri]] * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania|Polius na Eutiki]], Algeria * [[Ponsyo wa Pradleves]], Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Porfiri wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Porfiri wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Potamoni na wenzake|Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Potamoni wa Herakleopoli]], Misri * [[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Primo na Donato]], Algeria * [[Primo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Prisko, Kastrensi, Tamaro, Rosyo, Herakli, Sekundini, Auditori, Marko, Augusti,Elipidi, Kanioni na Vindomi]], Algeria * [[Pristi na wenzake|Pristi, Sevi, Kwadrati, Sundofagi, Astusi, Diomede, Zotiko, Zatamgeli na Moisei]], Misri * [[Proteri]], Misri * [[Proto na Yasinto]], Misri * [[Publi wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Juliani, Marseli, Marubi, Juliani, Barasea, Tulius, Lampasi, Majoli, Julius, Paulo, Maksimila, Publio na Juliani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Saturnini, Mauriani, Libosi na Vinsensia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Vikta, Herme na Papias]], Moroko * [[Quintiani wa Rodez]], Tunisia * [[Rais bikira]], Misri * [[Rebeka wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Restituta wa Teniza]], Tunisia * [[Restitutus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Revokati, Saturi, Felisi, Saturnini na Gelasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Revokati, Saturnini, Saturi na Sekunduli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ripsime na wenzake]], Misri * [[Rogasyani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Rogati mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati na Suchesi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino, Marko na Valeri]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino na Rufo]], Misri * [[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Rufo, Prisko, Optioni, Amoni, Yusto, Abdas, Asenei, Silvani, Magnili, Paternika, Septimia, Julia, Potamia na Hospia]], Moroko * [[Rufo wa Misri]] * [[Rustiko wa Lambesa]], Algeria * [[Rutilio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Sabino, Lusiani, Petro, Amabili, Nonina, Salvus, Agripiani, Medaduli na Respektati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino wa Minya]], Misri * [[Saizana]], Ethiopia * [[Saloni na wenzake|Saloni, Masimo, Hilari na Konsesi]], Moroko * [[Salusi]], Ethiopia * [[Salutari wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Salvius]], Tunisia * [[Samueli wa Kalamun]], Misri * [[Sara na wanae]], Misri * [[Sara wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Sarmata]], Misri * [[Satiro wa Milano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Saturnini, Klaudi, Primo, Flaviani, Zotiko, Asteri, Karo na Saturi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Saturnini, Nerei na Serea]], Algeria * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (askofu)]], Tunisia * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (padri)]], Tunisia * [[Saturninus wa Abitina|Saturninus]], [[Dativus]], [[Viktoria wa Abitina|Viktoria]] na [[Wafiadini wa Abitina|wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Sebastiani wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Abba Sehma|Sehma]], Ethiopia * [[Sekondino wa Apulia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sekundi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Sekundo wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Sekundulo na Romulo]], Algeria * [[Selerina wa Karthago]], Tunisi * [[Selerino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Seleuko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Semproni wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Senuthi wa Buasti]], Misri * [[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Serapioni, Trofimo, Melei, Evangeli, Proposi, Atali, Zeno, Makrobi, Menei na Trofima]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]] (wako watatu), Misri * [[Serapioni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Serboni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Serdo askofu]], Misri * [[Sereali, Populi, Kayo, Serapioni na Proteri]], Misri * [[Servus wa Tuburbium]], Tunisia * [[Sesari wa Nazienzi]], Misri * [[Sesari wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Sesili wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Severi mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini]], Algeria * [[Severianus na Akwila]], Algeria * [[Shamul wa Taraphia]], Misri * [[Silvani, Rutuli, Klasiki, Sekundi, Fruktuli, Masimo, Damasi, Paulo na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Silvano wa Terracina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simeoni na Yohane]], Misri * [[Simeoni wa Thou]], Misri * [[Simfroni na Ipoliti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simoni wa Tapcho]], Misri * [[Sinkletika]], Misri * [[Siprila wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Siriaki na Paula]], Tunisia * [[Siriaki, Apolinari, Saturnini, Beliko, Persei, Krisini, Primo na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Sirili, Rogati, Felisi, Beati, Herenia, Felisita, Urbani, Silvani, Mamili, Dasiani na Jokundi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirius askofu]], Tunisia * [[Sirius na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Siro na Yohane]], Misri * [[Siro wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Sisini wa Tantatho]], Misri * [[Sisoi Mkuu]], Misri * [[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa]], Misri * [[Sofia wa Misri]] * [[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Scilla|Speratus na wenzake]], Tunisia * [[Suksesi, Paulo na Lusio]], Tunisia * [[Amma Talida|Talida]], Misri * [[Tamaro wa Benevento]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tekle Hawarjat na Gebre Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Temeda, Armeni na wenzao]], Misri * [[Teodoli]], Misri * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Terensi na wenzake|Terensi, Afrikano, Masimo, Pompeo, Zeno, Aleksanda, Theodoro]] na wenzao 33 au 43, Tunisia * [[Thadei mfiadini]], Ethiopia * [[Thais]], Misri * [[Thea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Theodora wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Misri]] * [[Theodori wa Shotep]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Tabennese]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Enaton]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pherme]], Misri * [[Theodosi I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodoto wa Libya]] * [[Theofili na Heladi]], Libya * [[Theofredi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Theogene]] na wenzake 36, Algeria * [[Theonas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theonas wa Misri]] * [[Theotiko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Shenshif]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Tanphot]], Misri * [[Tigre]], Misri * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Timotheo I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo Msomaji]] na mkewe [[Maura]], Misri * [[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tipasi]], Algeria * [[Titoes]], Misri * [[Tolemayo bin Eparki]], Misri * [[Tomais wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Trifoni wa Misri]] * [[Trofimo na Tiberi]], Misri * [[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni]], Misri * [[Urbani wa Jerba]], Tunisia * [[Urso wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Valeriano wa Avensano]], Tunisia * [[Varo na wenzake]], Misri * [[Vendemiale]], Tunisia * [[Verena wa Zurzach]], Misri * [[Veruli, Sekundini, Sirisi, Felisi, Servuli, Saturnini na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viatori wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Viche wa Sabrata]], Libya * [[Vikta askofu]], Tunisia * [[Vikta Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta na Maloso]], Misri * [[Vikta na Stefano]], Misri * [[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vikta wa Afrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta wa Asyut]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Kaisarea]], Algeria * [[Vikta mfiadini (20 Julai)|Vikta mfiadini]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Marseille]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Solothurn]], Misri * [[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori, Marinus, Perpetua, Julia, Honori, Urbani na Privatula]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori wa Vita]], Algeria * [[Viktoria wa Culusi]], Tunisia * [[Viktoria wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Viktoriani, Frumenti na wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Viktorini, Eusiri, Paulo, Donati na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktorini, Vikta, Nisefori, Klaudiani, Dioskoro, Serapioni na Papias]], Misri * [[Vikturus na wenzake|Vikturus, Evasi, Privati, Januaria, Donata, Spisina, Kwirili na Makari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vinsenti wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vitalis wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Wadamun]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika (6 Januari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (16 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (30 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (17 Machi)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (10 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aquae Regiae]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa gonjwa la Sipriani]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Ijumaa Kuu wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Afrika (12 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (9 Februari)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (13 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (356)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Misri (21 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Lycopolis]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Masula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Misri ya Juu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa Pentekoste wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Raithu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sais]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Shiheet]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sufetula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Voli]], Tunisia * [[Massa Candida|Wafiadini wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]], Misri * [[Wanas]], Misri * [[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane]], Misri * [[Yared wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abba Yemata|Yemata]], Ethiopia * [[Yeremia mfiadini]], Misri * [[Yohane I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Yohane Mbilikimo]], Misri * [[Yohane Mwenyehuruma]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Bizane]], Ethiopia * [[Yohane wa Misri]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Senhout]], Misri * [[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni]], Misri * [[Yosefu wa Panefo]], Misri * [[Yusta na Eredina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto na Theoklia]], Misri * [[Yusto na wenzake]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (askofu)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Zosimo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Zota mfiadini]], Libya {{div col end}} ==Karne za Kati== Baada ya [[Waarabu]] kuteka [[Afrika Kaskazini]] yote ([[karne ya 7]]), Kanisa Katoliki karibu lilitoweka barani humo. Walibaki zaidi Wakristo wa Kikopti kuanzia Misri hadi Ethiopia, wakiwa na [[wamonaki]] wengi sana. Kati ya watakatifu waliowahi kuishi au kufika Afrika katika [[karne za kati]] maarufu zaidi ni: * [[Meiraksi]], mfiadini (hadi 640, Misri) * [[Eumeni wa Gortina]], askofu kutoka [[Krete]], [[Ugiriki]] (karne ya 7 hivi, Misri) * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (patriarki)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], [[patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kikopti]] (hadi 680, Misri) * [[Simeoni I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 699, Misri) * [[Esiki wa Sinai]], mmonaki wa [[Waorthodoksi|Kiorthodoksi]] (karne ya 7 - [[karne ya 8]], Misri) * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 729, Misri) * [[Kosma I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 730, Misri) * [[Theodoro I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 742, Misri) * [[Febronia wa Akhmim]], bikira mfiadini kutoka [[Syria]] (hadi 749, Misri) * [[Mikaeli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 767, Misri) * [[Yohane IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 799, Misri) * [[Marko II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 819, Misri) * [[Yakobo wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Simeoni II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Yosefu I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 849, Misri) * [[Mikaeli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 851, Misri) * [[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Joji wa Cordoba]], mmonaki shemasi (kabla ya 852, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Eutimi wa Sardi]], askofu mkuu wa [[Sardi]] (804 hivi, [[Pantelleria]]) * [[Kosma II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 858, Misri) * [[Elia wa Enna]], mmonaki [[Basil wa Caesarea|Mbazili]] kutoka [[Sicilia]] (859-878, Misri na nchi nyingine) * [[Shenuda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 880, Misri) * [[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni]], wafiadini kutoka [[Italia]] (890, Tunisia) * [[Mikaeli III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 907, Misri) * [[Gabrieli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 920, Misri) * [[Kosma III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 932, Misri) * [[Makari I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 953, Misri) * [[George El Mozahem]], mfiadini wa Kikopti (940-969, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 978, Misri) * [[Simoni Mshonangozi]], [[mlei]] wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Pafnusi wa Nitria]], askofu wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Simoni wa Mercurio]], mmonaki wa [[Basil wa Caesarea|Kibazili]] kutoka Italia (karne ya 10, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Bononi]], [[mmonaki]] [[Mbenedikto]] kutoka Italia (975-995, Misri) * [[Zakaria wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1032, Misri) * [[Simeoni wa Siracusa]], mmonaki shemasi kutoka Italia na Ugiriki (miaka kadhaa hadi 1026) * [[Sirili II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1092, Misri) * [[Mikaeli IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1102, Misri) * [[Makari II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1128, Misri) * [[Gabrieli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1145, Misri) * [[Mikaeli V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1146, Misri) * [[Bashinuna]], mmonaki mfiadini wa Kikopti (hadi 1164, Misri) * [[Girgis wa Asiut na wenzake]] 5,000, wafiadini (hadi 1169, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Matha]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Watrinitari]] aliyefanya utume Afrika Kaskazini mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 13]] * [[Iyasus Mo'a]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1214-1294) * [[Fransisko wa Assisi]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] aliyetangaza [[Injili]] Misri (1219) * [[Berardo mfiadini|Berardo, Petro, Oto, Akursius na Adiutus]], Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini nchini Moroko (1220) * [[Danieli mfiadini|Danieli, Anyelo, Samweli, Domino, Leo, Ugolino na Nikola]] Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini huko [[Ceuta]], mpakani mwa Moroko (1227) * [[Ramon Nonat]], padri wa [[Wamersedari]] (kati ya 1225 na 1239, Algeria) * [[Serapioni wa Algiers|Serapioni Scott]], padri mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1240, Algeria) * [[Petro Nolasco]], mwanzilishi wa Wamersedari (1245, Algeria) * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]] (1250 hivi, Misri) * [[Parsoma]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1257-1317, Misri) * [[Louis IX]], [[mfalme]] wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyefariki Tunisia (1270) * [[Wiliamu Saggiano]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1270, Algeria) * [[Ewostatewos]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1273-1352) * [[Petro Kamino]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1284, Tunisia) * [[Matia Marko]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Antonio Vallesio]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Pere Ermengol]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1304, Algeria) * [[Tekle Haymanot]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1215-1313) * [[Aleksanda wa Sisili]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1317, Tunisia) * [[Gulielmo wa Firenze]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1330, Algeria) * [[Benyamini II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1339, Misri) * [[Filotheo wa Durunka]], mfiadini (hadi 1380, Misri) * [[Samweli wa Dabra Wagag]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1350 hadi mwanzo wa [[karne ya 15]]) * [[Absadi]], [[mmonaki]] mfiadini wa [[Eritrea]] (hadi 1381) * [[Petro wa Mt. Maria]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Simoni wa Lara]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Petro wa Bearn]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1364, Tunisia) * [[Mathayo I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1408, Misri) * [[Severino Gallo]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1419, Algeria) * [[Giyorgis wa Segla]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1365-1425) * [[Mathayo II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1465, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Grenada]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Petro Malasanch]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Jeromu wa Pratis]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1431, Tunisia) * [[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1437, Moroko) * [[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (Moroko) * [[Diego wa Alkala]], [[bruda]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] (1441-1450, [[Visiwa vya Kanari]]) * [[Laurenti Company]], mkuu wa [[Wamersedari]] (1452-1467, Tunisia) * [[Kristos Samra]], mwanamke mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Samweli wa Waldebba]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Gebre Menfes Kidus]], mmonaki wa Misri nchini Ethiopia ==Nyakati zetu== Kati ya walioishi baadaye kuna (miaka na nchi ya Afrika alipoishi): * [[Salib]], mfiadini (hadi 1512, Misri) * [[Gabrieli VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1570, Misri) * [[Embakomu]], mmonaki (1489-1565, Ethiopia) * [[Lebna Dengel]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1500-1540) * [[Benedikto Mwafrika]], mtawa wa Ndugu Wadogo (mtoto wa watumwa, [[Sicilia]], [[Italia]]) * [[Yosefu wa Anchieta]], padri wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1534-1548, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Fransisko Saveri]], padri wa Wajesuiti (1541-1542, [[Msumbiji]]) * [[Yohane XIV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1586, Misri) * [[Walatta Petros]], (1592-1642, Ethiopia) * [[Fasilides]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1603-1667) * [[Vinsenti wa Paulo]], padri mwanzilishi wa mashirika mawili (1605-1606, Tunisia) * [[Petro wa Betancur]], mtawa mwanzilishi (1626-1649, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Yasay]], mmonaki ([[karne ya 17]], Ethiopia) * [[Gerasimo Palladas]], patriarki wa Kiorthodoksi kutoka Ugiriki (1688-1710, Misri) * [[Ibrahim El-Gohary]], [[waziri mkuu]] wa Misri (hadi 1795, Misri) * [[Moallem Malati]], mfiadini (hadi 1803, Misri) * [[Yosefu El Abah]], askofu (hadi 1826, Misri) * [[Sidhom Bishay]], mfiadini (hadi 1844, Misri) * [[Petro VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1852, Misri) * [[Sirili IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1816-1861, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Faiyum]], askofu wa Wakopti (1829-1914, Misri) * [[Sirili V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1831-1927, Misri) * [[Emilia wa Vialar]], bikira mwanzilishi (1832-1852, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Misri) * [[Justino de Jacobis]], askofu wa [[Wavinsenti]] (1838-1860, Ethiopia na [[Eritrea]]) * [[Antoni Maria Claret]], askofu mwanzilishi wa shirika (1848-1849, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Wafiadini wa Uganda]] (1851-1887, [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]]): ** [[Karolo Lwanga]] ** [[Matias Mulumba Kalemba]] ** [[Andrea Kaggwa]] ** [[Atanasi Bazzekuketta]] ** [[Gonzaga Gonza]] ** [[Noe Mawaggali]] ** [[Luka Banabakintu]] ** [[Yakobo Buzabaliawo]] ** [[Gyavira Musoke]] ** [[Ambrosio Kibuuka]] ** [[Anatoli Kiriggwajjo]] ** [[Achile Kiwanuka]] ** [[Kizito]] ** [[Mbaga Tuzinde]] ** [[Mugagga Lubowa]] ** [[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]] ** [[Adolfo Mukasa Ludigo]] ** [[Bruno Sserunkuma]] ** [[Yohane Maria Muzei]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Dionisi Ssebuggwawo]] ** [[Ponsyano Ngondwe]] ** [[Mukasa Kiriwawanvu]] * [[Mariam Baouardy]], bikira wa [[Wakarmeli Peku]], [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kimelkiti]] (1854-1859, Misri) * [[Onesimo Nesib]], mmisionari [[Mlutheri]] wa [[Waoromo]] (1856-1931, Ethiopia) * [[Daniel Comboni]], askofu Mkatoliki na mwanzilishi (1857-1881, Misri, [[Sudan]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]) * [[Josefina Bakhita]], bikira wa shirika la [[Wakanosa]] (1869-1885, Sudan na Misri) * [[Yakobo Berthieu]], padri na mfiadini wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1875-1896, [[Madagaska]]) * [[Charles de Foucauld]], padri mkaapweke na mfiadini (1858-1916, Algeria) * [[Makari III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1872-1945, Misri) * [[Habib Girgis]], shemasi wa Kikopti (1876-1951, Misri) * [[Abdel Messih El-Makari]], mmonaki padri wa Kikopti (1892-1963, Misri) * [[Sirili VI wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1902-1971, Misri) * [[Yusto El-Antony]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1910-1976, Misri) * [[Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly]], padri mfiadini wa Kikopti (1918-1978, Misri) * [[Wafiadini wa Kosheh]], (karne ya 20-2000, Misri) * [[Wafiadini Wakopti wa Libya]] (karne ya 20-2015, Misri, Libya) * [[Matthew Ayariga]], mfiadini (karne ya 20-2015, [[Ghana]], Libya) ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == {{refbegin}} * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/ "Hagiography Circle"] * {{cite book | last = O'Malley | first = Vincent J. | title = Saints wa Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/saintsofafrica0000omal | publisher = Our Sunday Visitor | year = 2001 | ISBN = 0-87973-373-X }} {{refend}} [[Category:Orodha za watu]] [[Category:Watakatifu Wakristo]] [[Category:Watu wa Afrika]] fdpgduxn1631mn0cthg379k6nmz8h9k 1595577 1595576 2026-09-09T14:00:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Wengineo */ 1595577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bakhita Szent Jozefina.jpeg|thumb|[[Yosefina Bakhita]] kutoka [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]] ya leo.]] '''Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika''' hii inataja [[watu]] wanaoheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] au [[madhehebu]] mengine yoyote ya [[Ukristo]] kama [[watakatifu]] ambao walizaliwa, waliishi au walifariki [[Bara|barani]] humo (katika mabano mara nyingi inatajwa nchi ya leo). ==Kabla ya Uislamu== Katika [[karne]] [[sita]] za kwanza za [[Kanisa]], [[Afrika]] ililizalia [[watakatifu]] na [[viongozi]] wake wengi, bila kushindwa na [[dhuluma]] za [[Dola la Roma]] zilizoenea kote, [[Farakano la Donato]] na dhuluma ya [[Wavandali]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Magharibi]], [[farakano]] la [[Wakopti]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Mashariki]] (lililofuata [[Mtaguso wa Kalsedonia]], [[451]]). ===Watu wa Biblia=== * [[Simoni wa Kurene]], [[Libya]] * [[Marko Mwinjili]], [[Misri]] * [[Apolo (Biblia)|Apolo]], Misri * [[Lukio wa Kurene]], Libya ===Mapapa wa Roma=== Kati ya [[Mapapa]] wa [[Roma]] wa karne za kwanza watatu walizaliwa Afrika au Roma na wazazi kutoka Afrika. Wote hao wanaheshimiwa kama watakatifu: * [[Papa Viktor I]] ([[189]]-[[199]]), Libya * [[Papa Miltiades]] (311-314), [[Algeria]] * [[Papa Gelasius I]] (492-496), Algeria ===Walimu wa Kanisa=== Kati ya [[walimu wa Kanisa]], watatu walitokea Afrika: * [[Atanasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Augustino wa Hippo]], Algeria * [[Sirili wa Aleksandria]], Misri Wengine waliosomea Afrika ni: * [[Bazili Mkuu]], Misri * [[Gregori wa Nazienzi]], Misri ===Waandishi na wanateolojia=== Waandishi na wanateolojia wengi walitokea Afrika au waliishi huko, kama vile watakatifu: <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Achilas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Amonasi]], Misri * [[Amoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Anatolius wa Laodikea]], Misri * [[Athenagora wa Athene]], Misri * [[Aurelius wa Karthago]], [[Tunisia]] * [[Damiani wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Danieli wa Skete]], Misri * [[Didimo Kipofu]], Misri * [[Epifani wa Salamina]], Misri * [[Eugenius wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eulogi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eusebi wa Vercelli]], Misri * [[Filastri]], Misri * [[Fulgensyo wa Ruspe]], Tunisia * [[Horsiesi]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Pelusium]], Misri * [[Klemens wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiferi wa Cagliari]], Misri * [[Maksimo Muungamadini]], Tunisia * [[Nilo wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Optatus wa Milevi]], Algeria * [[Orsisius]] wa Tabenna, Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Panfilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pantenus]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Tammah]], Misri * [[Petroni wa Bologna]], Misri * [[Pierio]], Misri * [[Ponsyo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Posidi]], Tunisia * [[Saba abati]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Thmuis]], Misri * [[Shenute]], Misri * [[Sipriani mfiadini]], Tunisia * [[Sofroni wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Quodvultdeus]], Tunisia * [[Theofilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Zeno wa Verona]], Algeria {{div col end}} ===Wengineo=== <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abadir, Iraya na wenzao|Abadir na wenzake]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Antinoe]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Bilgai]], Misri * [[Abaidus]], [[Ethiopia]] * [[Abaku]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tarnut]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tukh]], Misri * [[Abanubi]], Misri * [[Abasad]], Misri * [[Abashade]], Misri * [[Abaskhiron]], Misri * [[Abeluzius]], Ethiopia * [[Abibi na Apoloni]], Misri * [[Abidiani na wenzake|Abidiani, Demetria, Donati, Gagus, Januaria, Juliana, Nepori, Paposiniki, Kwirini, Kwirus]] na wenzao 146, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abili wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Ablak]], Ethiopia * [[Abnodi]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu Fukara]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abrahamu wa Farshut]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Minuf]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Skete]], Misri * [[Abundanti na wenzake|Abundanti, Adrasti, Agapius, Karisi, Donatila, Donati, Fortuni, Leo, Nisefori, Polokroni]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Achilas wa Skete]], Misri * [[Acutus, Anastasia, Candidus, Coelifloria, Felix, Honorius, Januaria, Jucundus, Lucianus, Marcus, Petrus, Secundus, Severus na Telesphorus]], [[Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Ada wa Ethiopia]] * [[Adiuto wa Cava]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani wa Canterbury]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adrioni]], Misri * [[Afesi na wenzake|Afesi, Aleksanda, Amfamoni, Apoloni, Arioni, Dionusi, Dioskoro, Elafa, Eunuko, Fabiani, Felisi, Fisosi, Gurdino, Hinus, Kapitolini, Kapitulini, Kresenti, Melei, Nika, Nisia, Panus, Panubri, Plebri, Pleosi, Theoma, Tuboni na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aflahos na wenzake]], Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Beziers]], Misri * [[Abba Aftse|Aftse]], Ethiopia * [[Agapio, Sekondino na wenzao|Agapio, Sekondino, Emiliani, Tertula, Antonia]] na wenzao 3, Algeria * [[Agatho na wenzake|Agatho, Ammonius, Aratus, Bastammonius, Bastamus, Bessammonius, Collutus, Cyriacus, Didymus, Dionysius, Dioscorus, Hero, Hippeas, Horpresius, Horus, Oecomeus, Orion, Pantherus, Papas, Papias, Paulo, Pethecus, Pinutus, Plesius, Potamon, Protea, Recombus, Recumbus, Romanus, Sarmata, Saturninus, Serapion, Theonas, Thionius na Zoticus]], Misri * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Agatoni, Lusia na Diogene]], Misri * [[Agatoni mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Agileus]], Tunisia * [[Agrari]], Tunisia * [[Agripino wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuli wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuta na wenzake|Akuta, Kandidi, Konstansi, Eugenia, Firmus, Hilarini, Lusida, Marsiali, Penika, Posesa, Rogasiani na Statuniani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Akwila wa Misri]] * [[Akwilinus, Geminus, Augenius, Marcianus, Kwintus, Teodotus na Trifoni]], [[Moroko]] * [[Abba Alef|Alef]], Ethiopia * [[Aleksandra wa Misri]] * [[Alipius wa Thagaste]], Algeria * [[Alonio]], Misri * [[Alveri]], Misri * [[Ambrosi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amfiani na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Amoes wa Skete]], Misri * [[Amoni, Zeno na wenzao|Amoni, Zeno, Tolomayo, Ingene na Theofilo]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ampeli wa Afrika]], Tunisia * [[Ampelio mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anastazia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anatoli wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Abba Anbes|Anbes]], Ethiopia * [[Androniko na Athanasia]], Misri * [[Androniko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aniano wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anthusa wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Antioko, Mario, Dagioni, Menesidei, Mamori, Mamari, Petro na Gumus]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Sulcis]], Algeria au Moroko * [[Antoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anubu mmonaki]], Misri * [[Anububisoyo, Joji na wenzao|Anububisoyo, Joji, Basjela, Arnobi, Petro, Askirioni, Argenida na Belfijus]], Misri * [[Apolo mchungaji]], Misri * [[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi]], Misri * [[Apolo wa Bawit]], Misri * [[Apoloni na Filemoni]], Misri * [[Apoloni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Apolonia wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Apriko, Sirioni, Sirioni mwingine, Eulogi, Hemerioni, Juliani, Julius, Yusto, Menelao, Oreste, Porfiri, Trifoni na Trifoni mwingine]], Misri * [[Aprili na wenzake|Aprili, Autus, Katula, Koliondola, Yosefu, Rogati, Salito, Saturnini na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Ares, Promo na Elia]], Misri * [[Aresi na Rogati]], Misri * [[Aretha mfiadini]], [[Ruma]] na wenzao 340, 4,000 au 20,000, Ethiopia * [[Ariani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Aristo]], Misri * [[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Arkadi, Paskasi, Probo, Eutikiani na Paulilo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Arkadius wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Armini wa Misri]] * [[Armogaste]], [[Maskula]], [[Arkimino]] na [[Saturus wa Afrika|Saturus]], Tunisia * [[Arponi]], Misri * [[Arseni na wenzake|Arseni, Dioskoro, Heroni na Isidori]], Misri * [[Artakse na wenzake|Artakse, Epictetus, Felicitas, Felix, Fortunatus, Jucundus, Pictus, Quietus, Quinctus, Rusticus, Secundus, Sillus, Vincent, Vitalis]] na wenzao 7, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Artemi wa Antiokia]], Misri * [[Artilai na wenzake|Artilai, Antoni, Asklipi, Asteksi, Basili, Bosimi, Donata, Emeriti, Emeteri, Eutiko, Felisi, Fortunati, Fosyo, Frunumi, Gajola, Georgi, Gorgoni, Hemeteri, Isiko, Janula, Julius, Karisimi, Kasti, Klaudiani, Lusiola, Marcha, Marinus, Meteri, Nisefori, Papias, Risini, Sabiani, Saviniani, Seledoni, Siriko na Soli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Askla]], Misri * [[Atanasi II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia]], Misri * [[Atro]], Misri * [[Augusta na Faustina]], Misri * [[Augusto wa Caserta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aurelia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile]], Ethiopia * [[Awgin wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Avitus mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Barsanufi wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Barsen]], Misri * [[Basa, Paula na Agatonika]], Tunisia * [[Basiani, Primitivi na wenzao|Basiani, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wengine 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Basiano na wenzake|Basiano, Sirioni, Agatoni, Mose, Dionisi, Amoni, Tonioni, Proto, Lusio, Armata, Arbasi, Orus, Paulo, Plesius, Pasamona, Hipus]] na wenzao 10 au 14, Misri * [[Basilide wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma]], Ethiopia * [[Bauli]], Misri * [[Bazalota na Eufemia]], Ethiopia * [[Benyamini na Bejoki]], Misri * [[Benyamini I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Beresi na wenzake|Beresi, Lusius, Vikta, Dasi, Leusi, Viktoriki, Viktorisi, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Besa wa Misri]] * [[Besarioni wa Misri]] * [[Besas]], Misri * [[Bessus]], Misri * [[Bona]], Misri * [[Bonifasi, Tekla na wanao]] 12, Algeria * [[Damiani wa Afrika]], Misri * [[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao]] 26, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dasya wa Tanda]], Misri * [[Defendente]], Misri * [[Demetrius I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Demetri mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Demiana]] na wenzake 40, Misri * [[Deogratias wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Didara, Bisoe na Nor]], Misri * [[Dionisi mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dionisi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dionisya wa Vita na wenzake]] ([[Majoriko]], [[Dativa]], [[Leonsya wa Vita]], [[Tersyo wa Byzacena]], [[Emiliani wa Vita]] na [[Bonifasi wa Sicilibba]]), Algeria * [[Dioskoro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro mfiadini (20 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Dioskoro wa Qais]], Misri * [[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Dominiko, Vikta, Primiani, Saturnini, Kresensi, Sekundi na Honorati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Domnini wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Donasyani, Presidi, Mansueti, Jermano na Foskolo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Justus na Herenas]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Makari na Theodori]], Misri * [[Donati wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Dorotea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Doroteo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dositeo wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Edesi mfiadini]], Misri * [[Elesbaan]] (Kalebu wa Aksum), Ethiopia * [[Elia na Simeoni Afamarie]], Ethiopia * [[Elia, Yeremia, Isaya, Samweli na Danieli]], Misri * [[Elia wa Misri]] * [[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Emiliani, Lasi, Didimo, Poemi, Amoni na Prima]] na wenzao 38, Tunisia * [[Epenetus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Epifani, Donati na Rufini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epikteto, Yukundo na wenzao|Epikteto, Yukundo, Felisi, Sekundo, Vitalis, Epikari na wenzao 15]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Epimako, Aleksanda, Merkuria, Dionisya na Amonaria]], Misri * [[Epimako wa Pelusi]], Misri * [[Erakla wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro]], Misri * [[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori]], Misri * [[Esuperansi wa Cingoli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Esuperi wa Thebe|Esuperi]], [[Kandidi wa Thebe|Kandidi]] na [[Vikta wa Thebe|Vikta]], Misri * [[Eufrasi na Klarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eufrasia wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Eufrosina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi]], Misri * [[Eujeni, Salutari na Muriti]], Tunisia * [[Eujeni wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eukari wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eulogi wa Edessa]], Misri * [[Eumeni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Euprepi wa Misri]] * [[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eustrasi wa Sufres]], Tunisia * [[Eutiko, Fortunati, Saturnini, Marsia, Vikta, Stefano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eutikyo]], Misri * [[Eutimio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eutropia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Evasi na Privati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ezana]], Ethiopia * [[Fabius]], Algeria * [[Fana wa Misri]] * [[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Fausto, Abibi, Andrea, Androniko, Andropelagia, Kaldote, Makari, Sarpando, Siriaki, Siriaki mwingine, Thekla na Theosisti]], Misri * [[Fausto, Dio na Amoni]], Misri * [[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Fausto, Kayo, Petro, Paulo, Eusebi, Keremone, Lucho]] na wenzao 2, Misri * [[Fausto shemasi]], Misri * [[Fausto wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Feliche Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Felichisimi]], Tunisia * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia|Felisi, Ponto, Abda na Valeria]], Tunisia * [[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi]], Algeria * [[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi mfiadini (3 Februari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi na Genadi]], Tunisia * [[Felisi na Regula]], Misri * [[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi wa Abbir]], [[Sipriani wa Unizibira]] na wenzao 5,000 hivi, Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Felisi wa Gerona]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Hadrumetum]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Thibiuca]], [[Audactus wa Karthago|Audactus]], [[Fortunatus wa Karthago|Fortunatus]], [[Januari wa Karthago|Januarius]] na [[Septimus wa Karthago|Septimus]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Toniza]], Tunisia * [[Felisiani na wenzake]] 125, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisiani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fermo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fidelis, Felisi na wenzao|Fidelis, Felisi, Kresenti, Liberati]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao]] 17, Algeria * [[Fileas]], [[Filoromus]], Pakomi, Theodori, Petro, Fausto, Didius, Amoni, Hesiki na Viktorina na wenzao 642, Misri * [[Filipo mfiadini (13 Septemba)]], Misri * [[Filipo, Narseo, Zeno na watoto kumi]], Misri * [[Filothei wa Pemdje]], Misri * [[Fiorenzo wa Nebbio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Firmus wa Tagaste]], Algeria * [[Florensi wa Semina]], Tunisia * [[Florensiani wa Midila]], Algeria * [[Fortunati, Felisi, Silvi, Vitalis, Apolo, Isaki na Krotate]], Misri * [[Fortunati na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Lusiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Marsiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fronti wa Perigueux]], Misri * [[Fronto na wenzake]] 70, Misri * [[Frumensyo]], Ethiopia * [[Galikani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Abba Garima|Garima]], Ethiopia * [[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Gaudioso wa Napoli]], Tunisia * [[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo]], Moroko * [[Gelasi wa Nilopoli]], Misri * [[Geranus]], Misri * [[Gerasimo wa Yordani]], Misri * [[Gereoni na wenzake|Gereoni, Kasius, Gregori Maurus, Florenti, Inosenti, Konstantino, Viktori]] na wenzao, Misri * [[Grani na wenzake|Grani, Hilari, Donati, Konsesi na Saturnini]], Misri * [[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abba Guba|Guba]], Ethiopia * [[Gudene]], Tunisia * [[Habetdeus wa Teudali]], Tunisia * [[Helaniki na Begei]], Misri * [[Heliodori na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Heraklemon]], Ethiopia * [[Herakli na Zosimo]], Tunisia * [[Herme wa Numidia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hesiki wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hilarioni wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hipoliti wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hor, Susia na wanao]] Hor na Agatho, Misri * [[Hor wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Hortulani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Hugal na wenzake|Hugal, Emiliani, Motani, Safo, Sterkori na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ifigenia]], Ethiopia * [[Inosenti askofu]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Irene wa Misri]] * [[Irenei wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ireus na Atanasi]], Ethiopia * [[Isaka Mdalmatia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Kellia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Tiphre]], Misri * [[Isidora mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Isidora Mpumbavu]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Kio]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Misri]] * [[Isidori wa Skete]], Misri * [[Iskirioni na wenzake|Iskirioni, Foibamoni, Orsenufi, Belfius, Origen na Petro]], Misri * [[Iskirioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Januari, Masima, Makaria, Konsesa, Timori na Koneksi]], Tunisia * [[Januari na Marino]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jermani, Selestini na Santina]], Misri * [[Jokondiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jovenale wa Narni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Julia wa Corsica]], Tunisia * [[Juliani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Juliani na Basilisa]], Misri * [[Juliani na Eunus]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (patriarki)]], Misri * [[Juliani na Sesari|Juliani wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Julius mfiadini]], Misri * [[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati]], Algeria * [[Kaisi na wenzake|Kaisi, Kwintasi, Septimini, Venusti, Beatus, Sekundi, Donati, Sereni, Kresensi, Niseti, Vitalis, Firmini, Herakli na Eusebi]], Tunisia * [[Kalojero wa Sisilia]], Tunisia * [[Kandida]], Tunisia * [[Kandidi na Piperioni]], Misri * [[Kandidi na wenzake]] 21, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kanio wa Atella]], Tunisia * [[Karagoni]], Misri * [[Karas mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Karioni wa Misri]] * [[Karpoforo, Esanto na wenzao]] Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini, Misri * [[Kasiani wa Autun]], Misri * [[Kasiani wa Tanja]], [[Moroko]] * [[Kasio na Fiorenso]], Misri * [[Kasto na Emilio]], Tunisia * [[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastrese]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Kastuli, Modesti, Rogato, Zotiko]] na wenzao 40 au 50, Misri * [[Katerina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Kato, Jermana, Geronsi, Januari, Julius, Paulo, Pia, Saturnini, Suksesi]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Katulino na wenzake|Katulino, Adauti, Felisi, Florenti, Fortunansiani, Januari, Julia, Setimini na Yusta]], Tunisia * [[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kedroni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Keladioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Keremoni na wenzake]], Misri * [[Keremoni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kikosi cha Thebe]], Misri * [[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Klaudi na wenzake]] 194, Misri * [[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao]] Donati, Felisi, Januari, Juliani, Lusiani, Marsiani, Marsiali, Petro, Kwiriani, Vikta na Vitalis, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kluthi]], Misri * [[Kointa]], Misri * [[Kolegus na Kolotus]], Misri * [[Koluthi]], Misri * [[Kononi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Konstantino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati]], Libya * [[Korus na wenzake|Korus, Katulini, Faustini, Felisi, Felisi, Nabori, Pleni, Salunus, Saturnini, Silvi, Soluti, Theodora, Theodori, Theoni, Ursus, Valeri, Venusti, Viktorini, Vikturus na Vitalis]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresenti wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresenti wa Bizasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresentiani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali]], Tunisia * [[Kreskoni wa Tripoli]], Libya * [[Kreskoni, Zeno, Menandri, Karini, Arioni, Ipoliti, Diodoro, Menelanti, Atora, Petro, Lambese, Lusiani na Felisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Krisanto na Daria|Krisanto]], Misri * [[Krispina wa Tagora]], Algeria * [[Krispini mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kroni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Kronide, Leonsi, Serapioni, Seleusi, Stratoni na Valeriani]], Misri * [[Kukufas]], Tunisia * [[Kwadrato mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Kwadrato wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Kwartilosa na wenzake]] 2, Tunisia * [[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Kwintiani, Denisi, Juliani, Lucho, Paulo]] na wenzao 15, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Kwintiani, Eleuteri, Gayo, Aleksanda na Saturnini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwinto na wenzake|Kwinto, Simplisi, Pompini, Paulo, Aritife, Kresto, Digno, Datulo, Felisiani, Musa, Rogasyani, Martiri, Orati, Evasi, Viktoria, Privati, Tino, Salvatori, Sito, Teturo, Vitoriko, Seliano, Setimino, Rustiko, Basa, Lucania, Onorati, Saturnini, Sesiliana, Namfamoni, Felisi, Vinsenti, Aresto, Museo, Sidino na Adiuto]], Moroko * [[Laurenti na Ignasi]], Tunisia * [[Leonidas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Leonides wa Thebe]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Leto wa Nefta]], Tunisia * [[Leucho wa Brindisi]], Misri * [[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Liberati, Bonifasi, Servyo, Rustiko, Rogati, Setimo na Masimo]], Tunisia * [[Liboso wa Beja]], Tunisia * [[Abba Likano|Likano]], Ethiopia * [[Likarioni na Potamiona]], Misri * [[Lonjino wa Pamaria]], Algeria * [[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Lucho, Montano, Juliano, Vitoriko, Vikta na Donasiani]], Tunisia * [[Lukio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Lusiani, Metrobi, Paulo, Zenobi, Theotimo na Drusi]], Libya * [[Mabikira Wafiadini (16 Desemba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Makari Mkuu]], Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria]] (Makari Kijana), Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Makari wa Fayum]], Misri * [[Makari wa Libya]], Misri * [[Makroni wa Thoni]], Misri * [[Maksimiliani wa Tebessa]], Algeria * [[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati]], Algeria * [[Mamas wa Awlatos]], Misri * [[Mames na Diskus]], Misri * [[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori]], Misri * [[Mansueti wa Urusi]], Tunisia * [[Mapaliko na wenzake|Mapaliko, Baso, Fortunio, Paulo, Fortunata, Viktorino, Viktori, Eremio, Kredula, Ereda, Donato, Firmo, Venusto, Frukto, Julia, Marziale na Aristone]], Tunisia * [[Marcellus wa Tanja]], Morocco * [[Maria wa Misri]], Misri * [[Mariano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Mariano, Yakobo, Sekondiani, Konkordi, Marinus, Heliodori, Saturnini, Silvani]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi]], Misri * [[Markiano II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Marko, Marsiano na wenzao]], Misri * [[Marko mkaapweke (Libya)]] * [[Marko mkaapweke (Misri)]] * [[Marko mtawa]], Misri * [[Markulo wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Marseli wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Marselino, Satuli, Prokula, Kwiriako, Rejina na Saturnini]] na wenzao 4, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Embrun]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marsiali, Laurenti na wenzao]] 20, Algeria * [[Marsiana wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Marsiano, Jukundi, Tolomea, Filipo, Yohane na Akra]], Misri * [[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Marsiano, Nikandro, Apolonio, Leonida, Areyo, Gorjo, Iperkio, Selenio, Irene na Pamboni]], Misri * [[Martha mfiadini]], Misri * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao]] 2, Algeria * [[Marusi, Restiti na Julius]], Tunisia * [[Masima bikira]], Algeria * [[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda]], Tunisia * [[Masimiani wa Bagai]], Algeria * [[Masimino wa Aix]], Algeria * [[Masimo na Domasi]], Misri * [[Masimo padri mfiadini]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Vuchim]], Misri * [[Mauro mfiadini]], Moroko * [[Mauro wa Parenzo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mavilus]], Tunisia * [[Medilama]], Misri * [[Melania Kijana]], Algeria * [[Melas]], Misri * [[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia]], Misri * [[Melki wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Memno wa Misri]] * [[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo]], Misri * [[Mena wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Mena wa Misri|Menas]], Misri * [[Metras, Saturnini, Tirso, Vikta, Tarsisi, Zotiko na Siriako]], Misri * [[Meuris wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Abuna Aregawi|Mikaeli wa Aragave]], Ethiopia * [[Misaeli mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Modesti, Juliani na Posina]], Tunisia * [[Modesti na Amoni]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Modesti wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Mohrael]], Misri * [[Monika]], Algeria * [[Mora wa Benhor]], Ethiopia * [[Morisi Mtakatifu|Morisi]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Moses wa Psammaniu]], Misri * [[Murita wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Musa Mwafrika]], Ethiopia * [[Musa Mwarabu]], Misri * [[Nabore]], Algeria * [[Namfamo]], [[Mijin]], [[Sanami]], [[Luchita]], [[Namfamo|Adyuto, Aresto, Artifa, Besa, Datulo, Degno, Evasi, Felisi, Felisiani, Kresto, Kwarti, Kwinti, Lukania, Martiri, Mose, Museo, Onorato, Orato, Paulo, Pompini, Privati, Reduktula, Rogasiani, Rustiko, Salvatori, Saturnini, Setimini, Sesiliana, Seliani, Sidini, Simplisi, Sito, Teturo, Tino, Vikta, Viktorino, Vikturi, Vinsenti]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Nemesi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Nemesiani na wenzake|Nemesiani, Feliche, Lucho, Feliche, Liteo, Poliano, Vikta, Iader na Dativus]], Algeria * [[Neopuli]], Misri * [[Nikanda mfiadini]], Misri * [[Nilamoni]], Misri * [[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini]], Misri * [[Nino na wenzake|Nino, Vikta, Nobilitani, Mariani, Lusius, Tinus, Kresensi, Rufiniani, Donati, Defensa, Rustisi, Serviliani, Sokrate, Veneri, Januari, Mustoli, Kwintini, Memi, Isitani, Magnili, Prima, Donata, Severa, Viktoria na Basilia]], Moroko * [[Numidiko]], Tunisia * [[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori]], Misri * [[Oktaviani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Oliva wa Palermo]], Tunisia * [[Orikuli]], Tunisia * [[Orioni, Emili na Agnati]], Misri * [[Orisi mmonaki]], Misri * [[Ospisi wa Nizza]], Misri * [[Otimus]], Misri * [[Pafnusi Mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tentyra]], Misri * [[Pakomi]], Misri * [[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni]], Misri * [[Palemoni]], Misri * [[Pambo wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Pansofi]], Misri * [[Abba Panteleoni|Pantelewon]], Ethiopia * [[Papias na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Papiniani wa Vita]], Tunisia * [[Parmeni na wenzake|Parmeni, Herakli, Eliasi, Apoloni, Eudomi, Anovi na Publi]], Misri * [[Patapi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Patermuti na wenzake|Patermuti, Kopra na Aleksanda]], Misri * [[Paterni wa Roma]], Misri * [[Paulo Mnyofu]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Paulo wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Paulo, Suksesi, Viktorini, Saturus, Misor, Geronsi, Lukresya, Januari, Agapiti, Krusesus, Eufra, Floridus na Teokosi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Peleo, Nilo, Elio na Patermusi]], Misri * [[Pelusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Perpetua Mtakatifu|Perpetua]], [[Felista Mtakatifu|Felista]], [[Revocatus]] [[Saturninus]], [[Saturus]] na [[Sekondinus]] na wenzao, Tunisia * [[Petro na Afrodisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro III wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro, Severus na Leucho]], Misri * [[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Petro, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wenzao 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro wa Ethiopia]] * [[Petroni wa Misri]] * [[Piamun]], Misri * [[Pijimi]], Misri * [[Piniani]], Algeria * [[Pior]], Misri * [[Pishoi]], Misri * [[Pitirim wa Misri]] * [[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Plutarko, Potamiena, Sereno, Eraklide, Erone, Sereno, Eraide na Marsela]], Misri * [[Poemen]], Misri * [[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili]], Misri * [[Polikarpo wa Misri]] * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania|Polius na Eutiki]], Algeria * [[Ponsyo wa Pradleves]], Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Porfiri wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Porfiri wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Potamoni na wenzake|Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Potamoni wa Herakleopoli]], Misri * [[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Primo na Donato]], Algeria * [[Primo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Prisko, Kastrensi, Tamaro, Rosyo, Herakli, Sekundini, Auditori, Marko, Augusti,Elipidi, Kanioni na Vindomi]], Algeria * [[Pristi na wenzake|Pristi, Sevi, Kwadrati, Sundofagi, Astusi, Diomede, Zotiko, Zatamgeli na Moisei]], Misri * [[Proteri]], Misri * [[Proto na Yasinto]], Misri * [[Publi wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Juliani, Marseli, Marubi, Juliani, Barasea, Tulius, Lampasi, Majoli, Julius, Paulo, Maksimila, Publio na Juliani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Saturnini, Mauriani, Libosi na Vinsensia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Vikta, Herme na Papias]], Moroko * [[Quintiani wa Rodez]], Tunisia * [[Rais bikira]], Misri * [[Rebeka wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Restituta wa Teniza]], Tunisia * [[Restitutus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Revokati, Saturi, Felisi, Saturnini na Gelasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Revokati, Saturnini, Saturi na Sekunduli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ripsime na wenzake]], Misri * [[Rogasyani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Rogati mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati na Suchesi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino, Marko na Valeri]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino na Rufo]], Misri * [[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Rufo, Prisko, Optioni, Amoni, Yusto, Abdas, Asenei, Silvani, Magnili, Paternika, Septimia, Julia, Potamia na Hospia]], Moroko * [[Rufo wa Misri]] * [[Rustiko wa Lambesa]], Algeria * [[Rutilio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Sabino, Lusiani, Petro, Amabili, Nonina, Salvus, Agripiani, Medaduli na Respektati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino wa Minya]], Misri * [[Saizana]], Ethiopia * [[Saloni na wenzake|Saloni, Masimo, Hilari na Konsesi]], Moroko * [[Salusi]], Ethiopia * [[Salutari wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Salvius]], Tunisia * [[Samueli wa Kalamun]], Misri * [[Sara na wanae]], Misri * [[Sara wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Sarmata]], Misri * [[Satiro wa Milano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Saturnini, Klaudi, Primo, Flaviani, Zotiko, Asteri, Karo na Saturi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Saturnini, Nerei na Serea]], Algeria * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (askofu)]], Tunisia * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (padri)]], Tunisia * [[Saturninus wa Abitina|Saturninus]], [[Dativus]], [[Viktoria wa Abitina|Viktoria]] na [[Wafiadini wa Abitina|wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Sebastiani wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Abba Sehma|Sehma]], Ethiopia * [[Sekondino wa Apulia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sekundi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Sekundo wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Sekundulo na Romulo]], Algeria * [[Selerina wa Karthago]], Tunisi * [[Selerino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Seleuko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Semproni wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Senuthi wa Buasti]], Misri * [[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Serapioni, Trofimo, Melei, Evangeli, Proposi, Atali, Zeno, Makrobi, Menei na Trofima]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]] (wako watatu), Misri * [[Serapioni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Serboni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Serdo askofu]], Misri * [[Sereali, Populi, Kayo, Serapioni na Proteri]], Misri * [[Servus wa Tuburbium]], Tunisia * [[Sesari wa Nazienzi]], Misri * [[Sesari wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Sesili wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Severi mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini]], Algeria * [[Severianus na Akwila]], Algeria * [[Shamul wa Taraphia]], Misri * [[Silvani, Rutuli, Klasiki, Sekundi, Fruktuli, Masimo, Damasi, Paulo na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Silvano wa Terracina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simeoni na Yohane]], Misri * [[Simeoni wa Thou]], Misri * [[Simfroni na Ipoliti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simoni wa Tapcho]], Misri * [[Sinkletika]], Misri * [[Siprila wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Siriaki na Paula]], Tunisia * [[Siriaki, Apolinari, Saturnini, Beliko, Persei, Krisini, Primo na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Sirili, Rogati, Felisi, Beati, Herenia, Felisita, Urbani, Silvani, Mamili, Dasiani na Jokundi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirius askofu]], Tunisia * [[Sirius na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Siro na Yohane]], Misri * [[Siro wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Sisini wa Tantatho]], Misri * [[Sisoi Mkuu]], Misri * [[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa]], Misri * [[Sofia wa Misri]] * [[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Scilla|Speratus na wenzake]], Tunisia * [[Suksesi, Paulo na Lusio]], Tunisia * [[Amma Talida|Talida]], Misri * [[Tamaro wa Benevento]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tekle Hawarjat na Gebre Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Temeda, Armeni na wenzao]], Misri * [[Teodoli]], Misri * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Terensi na wenzake|Terensi, Afrikano, Masimo, Pompeo, Zeno, Aleksanda, Theodoro]] na wenzao 33 au 43, Tunisia * [[Thadei mfiadini]], Ethiopia * [[Thais]], Misri * [[Thea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Theodora wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Misri]] * [[Theodori wa Shotep]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Tabennese]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Enaton]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pherme]], Misri * [[Theodosi I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodoto wa Libya]] * [[Theofili na Heladi]], Libya * [[Theofredi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Theogene]] na wenzake 36, Algeria * [[Theonas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theonas wa Misri]] * [[Theotiko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Shenshif]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Tanphot]], Misri * [[Tigre]], Misri * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Timotheo I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo Msomaji]] na mkewe [[Maura]], Misri * [[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tipasi]], Algeria * [[Titoes]], Misri * [[Tolemayo bin Eparki]], Misri * [[Tomais wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Trifoni wa Misri]] * [[Trofimo na Tiberi]], Misri * [[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni]], Misri * [[Urbani wa Jerba]], Tunisia * [[Urso wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Valeriano wa Avensano]], Tunisia * [[Varo na wenzake]], Misri * [[Vendemiale]], Tunisia * [[Verena wa Zurzach]], Misri * [[Veruli, Sekundini, Sirisi, Felisi, Servuli, Saturnini na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viatori wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Viche wa Sabrata]], Libya * [[Vikta askofu]], Tunisia * [[Vikta Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta na Maloso]], Misri * [[Vikta na Stefano]], Misri * [[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vikta wa Afrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta wa Asyut]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Kaisarea]], Algeria * [[Vikta mfiadini (20 Julai)|Vikta mfiadini]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Marseille]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Solothurn]], Misri * [[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori, Marinus, Perpetua, Julia, Honori, Urbani na Privatula]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori wa Vita]], Algeria * [[Viktoria wa Culusi]], Tunisia * [[Viktoria wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Viktoriani, Frumenti na wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Viktorini, Eusiri, Paulo, Donati na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktorini, Vikta, Nisefori, Klaudiani, Dioskoro, Serapioni na Papias]], Misri * [[Vikturus na wenzake|Vikturus, Evasi, Privati, Januaria, Donata, Spisina, Kwirili na Makari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vinsenti wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vitalis wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Wadamun]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika (6 Januari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (16 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (30 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (17 Machi)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (10 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aquae Regiae]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa gonjwa la Sipriani]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Ijumaa Kuu wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Afrika (12 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (9 Februari)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (13 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (356)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Misri (21 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Lycopolis]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Masula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Misri ya Juu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa Pentekoste wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Raithu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sais]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Shiheet]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sufetula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Voli]], Tunisia * [[Massa Candida|Wafiadini wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]], Misri * [[Wanas]], Misri * [[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane]], Misri * [[Yared wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abba Yemata|Yemata]], Ethiopia * [[Yeremia mfiadini]], Misri * [[Yohane I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Yohane Mbilikimo]], Misri * [[Yohane Mwenyehuruma]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Bizane]], Ethiopia * [[Yohane wa Misri]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Senhout]], Misri * [[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni]], Misri * [[Yosefu wa Panefo]], Misri * [[Yusta na Eredina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto na Theoklia]], Misri * [[Yusto na wenzake]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (askofu)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Zosimo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Zota mfiadini]], Libya {{div col end}} ==Karne za Kati== Baada ya [[Waarabu]] kuteka [[Afrika Kaskazini]] yote ([[karne ya 7]]), Kanisa Katoliki karibu lilitoweka barani humo. Walibaki zaidi Wakristo wa Kikopti kuanzia Misri hadi Ethiopia, wakiwa na [[wamonaki]] wengi sana. Kati ya watakatifu waliowahi kuishi au kufika Afrika katika [[karne za kati]] maarufu zaidi ni: * [[Meiraksi]], mfiadini (hadi 640, Misri) * [[Eumeni wa Gortina]], askofu kutoka [[Krete]], [[Ugiriki]] (karne ya 7 hivi, Misri) * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (patriarki)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], [[patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kikopti]] (hadi 680, Misri) * [[Simeoni I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 699, Misri) * [[Esiki wa Sinai]], mmonaki wa [[Waorthodoksi|Kiorthodoksi]] (karne ya 7 - [[karne ya 8]], Misri) * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 729, Misri) * [[Kosma I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 730, Misri) * [[Theodoro I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 742, Misri) * [[Febronia wa Akhmim]], bikira mfiadini kutoka [[Syria]] (hadi 749, Misri) * [[Mikaeli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 767, Misri) * [[Yohane IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 799, Misri) * [[Marko II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 819, Misri) * [[Yakobo wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Simeoni II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Yosefu I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 849, Misri) * [[Mikaeli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 851, Misri) * [[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Joji wa Cordoba]], mmonaki shemasi (kabla ya 852, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Eutimi wa Sardi]], askofu mkuu wa [[Sardi]] (804 hivi, [[Pantelleria]]) * [[Kosma II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 858, Misri) * [[Elia wa Enna]], mmonaki [[Basil wa Caesarea|Mbazili]] kutoka [[Sicilia]] (859-878, Misri na nchi nyingine) * [[Shenuda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 880, Misri) * [[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni]], wafiadini kutoka [[Italia]] (890, Tunisia) * [[Mikaeli III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 907, Misri) * [[Gabrieli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 920, Misri) * [[Kosma III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 932, Misri) * [[Makari I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 953, Misri) * [[George El Mozahem]], mfiadini wa Kikopti (940-969, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 978, Misri) * [[Simoni Mshonangozi]], [[mlei]] wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Pafnusi wa Nitria]], askofu wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Simoni wa Mercurio]], mmonaki wa [[Basil wa Caesarea|Kibazili]] kutoka Italia (karne ya 10, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Bononi]], [[mmonaki]] [[Mbenedikto]] kutoka Italia (975-995, Misri) * [[Zakaria wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1032, Misri) * [[Simeoni wa Siracusa]], mmonaki shemasi kutoka Italia na Ugiriki (miaka kadhaa hadi 1026) * [[Sirili II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1092, Misri) * [[Mikaeli IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1102, Misri) * [[Makari II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1128, Misri) * [[Gabrieli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1145, Misri) * [[Mikaeli V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1146, Misri) * [[Bashinuna]], mmonaki mfiadini wa Kikopti (hadi 1164, Misri) * [[Girgis wa Asiut na wenzake]] 5,000, wafiadini (hadi 1169, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Matha]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Watrinitari]] aliyefanya utume Afrika Kaskazini mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 13]] * [[Iyasus Mo'a]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1214-1294) * [[Fransisko wa Assisi]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] aliyetangaza [[Injili]] Misri (1219) * [[Berardo mfiadini|Berardo, Petro, Oto, Akursius na Adiutus]], Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini nchini Moroko (1220) * [[Danieli mfiadini|Danieli, Anyelo, Samweli, Domino, Leo, Ugolino na Nikola]] Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini huko [[Ceuta]], mpakani mwa Moroko (1227) * [[Ramon Nonat]], padri wa [[Wamersedari]] (kati ya 1225 na 1239, Algeria) * [[Serapioni wa Algiers|Serapioni Scott]], padri mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1240, Algeria) * [[Petro Nolasco]], mwanzilishi wa Wamersedari (1245, Algeria) * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]] (1250 hivi, Misri) * [[Parsoma]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1257-1317, Misri) * [[Louis IX]], [[mfalme]] wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyefariki Tunisia (1270) * [[Wiliamu Saggiano]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1270, Algeria) * [[Ewostatewos]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1273-1352) * [[Petro Kamino]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1284, Tunisia) * [[Matia Marko]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Antonio Vallesio]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Pere Ermengol]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1304, Algeria) * [[Tekle Haymanot]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1215-1313) * [[Aleksanda wa Sisili]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1317, Tunisia) * [[Gulielmo wa Firenze]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1330, Algeria) * [[Benyamini II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1339, Misri) * [[Filotheo wa Durunka]], mfiadini (hadi 1380, Misri) * [[Samweli wa Dabra Wagag]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1350 hadi mwanzo wa [[karne ya 15]]) * [[Absadi]], [[mmonaki]] mfiadini wa [[Eritrea]] (hadi 1381) * [[Petro wa Mt. Maria]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Simoni wa Lara]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Petro wa Bearn]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1364, Tunisia) * [[Mathayo I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1408, Misri) * [[Severino Gallo]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1419, Algeria) * [[Giyorgis wa Segla]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1365-1425) * [[Mathayo II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1465, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Grenada]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Petro Malasanch]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Jeromu wa Pratis]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1431, Tunisia) * [[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1437, Moroko) * [[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (Moroko) * [[Diego wa Alkala]], [[bruda]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] (1441-1450, [[Visiwa vya Kanari]]) * [[Laurenti Company]], mkuu wa [[Wamersedari]] (1452-1467, Tunisia) * [[Kristos Samra]], mwanamke mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Samweli wa Waldebba]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Gebre Menfes Kidus]], mmonaki wa Misri nchini Ethiopia ==Nyakati zetu== Kati ya walioishi baadaye kuna (miaka na nchi ya Afrika alipoishi): * [[Salib]], mfiadini (hadi 1512, Misri) * [[Gabrieli VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1570, Misri) * [[Embakomu]], mmonaki (1489-1565, Ethiopia) * [[Lebna Dengel]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1500-1540) * [[Benedikto Mwafrika]], mtawa wa Ndugu Wadogo (mtoto wa watumwa, [[Sicilia]], [[Italia]]) * [[Yosefu wa Anchieta]], padri wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1534-1548, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Fransisko Saveri]], padri wa Wajesuiti (1541-1542, [[Msumbiji]]) * [[Yohane XIV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1586, Misri) * [[Walatta Petros]], (1592-1642, Ethiopia) * [[Fasilides]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1603-1667) * [[Vinsenti wa Paulo]], padri mwanzilishi wa mashirika mawili (1605-1606, Tunisia) * [[Petro wa Betancur]], mtawa mwanzilishi (1626-1649, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Yasay]], mmonaki ([[karne ya 17]], Ethiopia) * [[Gerasimo Palladas]], patriarki wa Kiorthodoksi kutoka Ugiriki (1688-1710, Misri) * [[Ibrahim El-Gohary]], [[waziri mkuu]] wa Misri (hadi 1795, Misri) * [[Moallem Malati]], mfiadini (hadi 1803, Misri) * [[Yosefu El Abah]], askofu (hadi 1826, Misri) * [[Sidhom Bishay]], mfiadini (hadi 1844, Misri) * [[Petro VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1852, Misri) * [[Sirili IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1816-1861, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Faiyum]], askofu wa Wakopti (1829-1914, Misri) * [[Sirili V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1831-1927, Misri) * [[Emilia wa Vialar]], bikira mwanzilishi (1832-1852, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Misri) * [[Justino de Jacobis]], askofu wa [[Wavinsenti]] (1838-1860, Ethiopia na [[Eritrea]]) * [[Antoni Maria Claret]], askofu mwanzilishi wa shirika (1848-1849, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Wafiadini wa Uganda]] (1851-1887, [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]]): ** [[Karolo Lwanga]] ** [[Matias Mulumba Kalemba]] ** [[Andrea Kaggwa]] ** [[Atanasi Bazzekuketta]] ** [[Gonzaga Gonza]] ** [[Noe Mawaggali]] ** [[Luka Banabakintu]] ** [[Yakobo Buzabaliawo]] ** [[Gyavira Musoke]] ** [[Ambrosio Kibuuka]] ** [[Anatoli Kiriggwajjo]] ** [[Achile Kiwanuka]] ** [[Kizito]] ** [[Mbaga Tuzinde]] ** [[Mugagga Lubowa]] ** [[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]] ** [[Adolfo Mukasa Ludigo]] ** [[Bruno Sserunkuma]] ** [[Yohane Maria Muzei]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Dionisi Ssebuggwawo]] ** [[Ponsyano Ngondwe]] ** [[Mukasa Kiriwawanvu]] * [[Mariam Baouardy]], bikira wa [[Wakarmeli Peku]], [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kimelkiti]] (1854-1859, Misri) * [[Onesimo Nesib]], mmisionari [[Mlutheri]] wa [[Waoromo]] (1856-1931, Ethiopia) * [[Daniel Comboni]], askofu Mkatoliki na mwanzilishi (1857-1881, Misri, [[Sudan]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]) * [[Josefina Bakhita]], bikira wa shirika la [[Wakanosa]] (1869-1885, Sudan na Misri) * [[Yakobo Berthieu]], padri na mfiadini wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1875-1896, [[Madagaska]]) * [[Charles de Foucauld]], padri mkaapweke na mfiadini (1858-1916, Algeria) * [[Makari III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1872-1945, Misri) * [[Habib Girgis]], shemasi wa Kikopti (1876-1951, Misri) * [[Abdel Messih El-Makari]], mmonaki padri wa Kikopti (1892-1963, Misri) * [[Sirili VI wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1902-1971, Misri) * [[Yusto El-Antony]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1910-1976, Misri) * [[Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly]], padri mfiadini wa Kikopti (1918-1978, Misri) * [[Wafiadini wa Kosheh]], (karne ya 20-2000, Misri) * [[Wafiadini Wakopti wa Libya]] (karne ya 20-2015, Misri, Libya) * [[Matthew Ayariga]], mfiadini (karne ya 20-2015, [[Ghana]], Libya) ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == {{refbegin}} * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/ "Hagiography Circle"] * {{cite book | last = O'Malley | first = Vincent J. | title = Saints wa Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/saintsofafrica0000omal | publisher = Our Sunday Visitor | year = 2001 | ISBN = 0-87973-373-X }} {{refend}} [[Category:Orodha za watu]] [[Category:Watakatifu Wakristo]] [[Category:Watu wa Afrika]] edhh5uvyxma2pwnl1sgjjv44nm019we 1595596 1595577 2026-09-09T14:38:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Wengineo */ 1595596 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bakhita Szent Jozefina.jpeg|thumb|[[Yosefina Bakhita]] kutoka [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]] ya leo.]] '''Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika''' hii inataja [[watu]] wanaoheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] au [[madhehebu]] mengine yoyote ya [[Ukristo]] kama [[watakatifu]] ambao walizaliwa, waliishi au walifariki [[Bara|barani]] humo (katika mabano mara nyingi inatajwa nchi ya leo). ==Kabla ya Uislamu== Katika [[karne]] [[sita]] za kwanza za [[Kanisa]], [[Afrika]] ililizalia [[watakatifu]] na [[viongozi]] wake wengi, bila kushindwa na [[dhuluma]] za [[Dola la Roma]] zilizoenea kote, [[Farakano la Donato]] na dhuluma ya [[Wavandali]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Magharibi]], [[farakano]] la [[Wakopti]] upande wa [[Ukristo wa Mashariki]] (lililofuata [[Mtaguso wa Kalsedonia]], [[451]]). ===Watu wa Biblia=== * [[Simoni wa Kurene]], [[Libya]] * [[Marko Mwinjili]], [[Misri]] * [[Apolo (Biblia)|Apolo]], Misri * [[Lukio wa Kurene]], Libya ===Mapapa wa Roma=== Kati ya [[Mapapa]] wa [[Roma]] wa karne za kwanza watatu walizaliwa Afrika au Roma na wazazi kutoka Afrika. Wote hao wanaheshimiwa kama watakatifu: * [[Papa Viktor I]] ([[189]]-[[199]]), Libya * [[Papa Miltiades]] (311-314), [[Algeria]] * [[Papa Gelasius I]] (492-496), Algeria ===Walimu wa Kanisa=== Kati ya [[walimu wa Kanisa]], watatu walitokea Afrika: * [[Atanasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Augustino wa Hippo]], Algeria * [[Sirili wa Aleksandria]], Misri Wengine waliosomea Afrika ni: * [[Bazili Mkuu]], Misri * [[Gregori wa Nazienzi]], Misri ===Waandishi na wanateolojia=== Waandishi na wanateolojia wengi walitokea Afrika au waliishi huko, kama vile watakatifu: <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Achilas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aleksanda wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Amonasi]], Misri * [[Amoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Anatolius wa Laodikea]], Misri * [[Athenagora wa Athene]], Misri * [[Aurelius wa Karthago]], [[Tunisia]] * [[Damiani wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Danieli wa Skete]], Misri * [[Didimo Kipofu]], Misri * [[Epifani wa Salamina]], Misri * [[Eugenius wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eulogi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eusebi wa Vercelli]], Misri * [[Filastri]], Misri * [[Fulgensyo wa Ruspe]], Tunisia * [[Horsiesi]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Pelusium]], Misri * [[Klemens wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiferi wa Cagliari]], Misri * [[Maksimo Muungamadini]], Tunisia * [[Nilo wa Sinai]], Misri * [[Optatus wa Milevi]], Algeria * [[Orsisius]] wa Tabenna, Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Panfilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pantenus]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Tammah]], Misri * [[Petroni wa Bologna]], Misri * [[Pierio]], Misri * [[Ponsyo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Posidi]], Tunisia * [[Saba abati]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Thmuis]], Misri * [[Shenute]], Misri * [[Sipriani mfiadini]], Tunisia * [[Sofroni wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Quodvultdeus]], Tunisia * [[Theofilo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Zeno wa Verona]], Algeria {{div col end}} ===Wengineo=== <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Abadir, Iraya na wenzao|Abadir na wenzake]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Antinoe]], Misri * [[Abadiu wa Bilgai]], Misri * [[Abaidus]], [[Ethiopia]] * [[Abaku]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tarnut]], Misri * [[Abamun wa Tukh]], Misri * [[Abanubi]], Misri * [[Abasad]], Misri * [[Abashade]], Misri * [[Abaskhiron]], Misri * [[Abeluzius]], Ethiopia * [[Abibi na Apoloni]], Misri * [[Abidiani na wenzake|Abidiani, Demetria, Donati, Gagus, Januaria, Juliana, Nepori, Paposiniki, Kwirini, Kwirus]] na wenzao 146, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abili wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Ablak]], Ethiopia * [[Abnodi]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu, Ethnus, Akrates, Yakobo na Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Abrahamu Fukara]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abrahamu wa Farshut]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Minuf]], Misri * [[Abrahamu wa Skete]], Misri * [[Abundanti na wenzake|Abundanti, Adrasti, Agapius, Karisi, Donatila, Donati, Fortuni, Leo, Nisefori, Polokroni]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Achilas wa Skete]], Misri * [[Acutus, Anastasia, Candidus, Coelifloria, Felix, Honorius, Januaria, Jucundus, Lucianus, Marcus, Petrus, Secundus, Severus na Telesphorus]], [[Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Ada wa Ethiopia]] * [[Adiuto wa Cava]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani, Vikta na Sekundili]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adriani wa Canterbury]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Adrioni]], Misri * [[Afesi na wenzake|Afesi, Aleksanda, Amfamoni, Apoloni, Arioni, Dionusi, Dioskoro, Elafa, Eunuko, Fabiani, Felisi, Fisosi, Gurdino, Hinus, Kapitolini, Kapitulini, Kresenti, Melei, Nika, Nisia, Panus, Panubri, Plebri, Pleosi, Theoma, Tuboni na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aflahos na wenzake]], Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Afrodisi wa Beziers]], Misri * [[Abba Aftse|Aftse]], Ethiopia * [[Agapio, Sekondino na wenzao|Agapio, Sekondino, Emiliani, Tertula, Antonia]] na wenzao 3, Algeria * [[Agatho na wenzake|Agatho, Ammonius, Aratus, Bastammonius, Bastamus, Bessammonius, Collutus, Cyriacus, Didymus, Dionysius, Dioscorus, Hero, Hippeas, Horpresius, Horus, Oecomeus, Orion, Pantherus, Papas, Papias, Paulo, Pethecus, Pinutus, Plesius, Potamon, Protea, Recombus, Recumbus, Romanus, Sarmata, Saturninus, Serapion, Theonas, Thionius na Zoticus]], Misri * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Agatoni, Lusia na Diogene]], Misri * [[Agatoni mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Agileus]], Tunisia * [[Agrari]], Tunisia * [[Agripino wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuli wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Akuta na wenzake|Akuta, Kandidi, Konstansi, Eugenia, Firmus, Hilarini, Lusida, Marsiali, Penika, Posesa, Rogasiani na Statuniani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Akwila wa Misri]] * [[Akwilinus, Geminus, Augenius, Marcianus, Kwintus, Teodotus na Trifoni]], [[Moroko]] * [[Abba Alef|Alef]], Ethiopia * [[Aleksandra wa Misri]] * [[Alipius wa Thagaste]], Algeria * [[Alonio]], Misri * [[Alveri]], Misri * [[Ambrosi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amfiani na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Amoes wa Skete]], Misri * [[Amoni, Zeno na wenzao|Amoni, Zeno, Tolomayo, Ingene na Theofilo]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Amoni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ampeli wa Afrika]], Tunisia * [[Ampelio mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Anastasi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anastazia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anatoli wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Abba Anbes|Anbes]], Ethiopia * [[Androniko na Athanasia]], Misri * [[Androniko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Aniano wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Anthusa wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Antioko, Mario na wenzao|Antioko, Mario, Dagioni, Menesidei, Mamori, Mamari, Petro na Gumus]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Antioko wa Sulcis]], Algeria au Moroko * [[Antoni Abati]], Misri * [[Anubu mmonaki]], Misri * [[Anububisoyo, Joji na wenzao|Anububisoyo, Joji, Basjela, Arnobi, Petro, Askirioni, Argenida na Belfijus]], Misri * [[Apolo mchungaji]], Misri * [[Apolo, Protei, Orioni na Plausi]], Misri * [[Apolo wa Bawit]], Misri * [[Apoloni na Filemoni]], Misri * [[Apoloni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Apolonia wa Aleksandria]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Apriko, Sirioni na wenzao|Apriko, Sirioni, Sirioni mwingine, Eulogi, Hemerioni, Juliani, Julius, Yusto, Menelao, Oreste, Porfiri, Trifoni na Trifoni mwingine]], Misri * [[Aprili na wenzake|Aprili, Autus, Katula, Koliondola, Yosefu, Rogati, Salito, Saturnini na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Ares, Promo na Elia]], Misri * [[Aresi na Rogati]], Misri * [[Aretha mfiadini]], [[Ruma]] na wenzao 340, 4,000 au 20,000, Ethiopia * [[Ariani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Aristo]], Misri * [[Arkadi, Paskasi na wenzao|Arkadi, Paskasi, Probo, Eutikiani na Paulilo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Arkadius wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Armini wa Misri]] * [[Armogaste]], [[Maskula]], [[Arkimino]] na [[Saturus wa Afrika|Saturus]], Tunisia * [[Arponi]], Misri * [[Arseni na wenzake|Arseni, Dioskoro, Heroni na Isidori]], Misri * [[Artakse na wenzake|Artakse, Epictetus, Felicitas, Felix, Fortunatus, Jucundus, Pictus, Quietus, Quinctus, Rusticus, Secundus, Sillus, Vincent, Vitalis]] na wenzao 7, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Artemi wa Antiokia]], Misri * [[Artilai na wenzake|Artilai, Antoni, Asklipi, Asteksi, Basili, Bosimi, Donata, Emeriti, Emeteri, Eutiko, Felisi, Fortunati, Fosyo, Frunumi, Gajola, Georgi, Gorgoni, Hemeteri, Isiko, Janula, Julius, Karisimi, Kasti, Klaudiani, Lusiola, Marcha, Marinus, Meteri, Nisefori, Papias, Risini, Sabiani, Saviniani, Seledoni, Siriko na Soli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Askla]], Misri * [[Atanasi II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Atanasia, Teodosia, Teotista na Eudosia]], Misri * [[Atro]], Misri * [[Augusta na Faustina]], Misri * [[Augusto wa Caserta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Aurelia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Auriga, Klaudia na Rutile]], Ethiopia * [[Awgin wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Avitus mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Barsanufi wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Barsen]], Misri * [[Basa, Paula na Agatonika]], Tunisia * [[Basiani, Primitivi na wenzao|Basiani, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wengine 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Basiano na wenzake|Basiano, Sirioni, Agatoni, Mose, Dionisi, Amoni, Tonioni, Proto, Lusio, Armata, Arbasi, Orus, Paulo, Plesius, Pasamona, Hipus]] na wenzao 10 au 14, Misri * [[Basilide wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Batazoni, Palemoni na Garuma]], Ethiopia * [[Bauli]], Misri * [[Bazalota na Eufemia]], Ethiopia * [[Benyamini na Bejoki]], Misri * [[Benyamini I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Beresi na wenzake|Beresi, Lusius, Vikta, Dasi, Leusi, Viktoriki, Viktorisi, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Besa wa Misri]] * [[Besarioni wa Misri]] * [[Besas]], Misri * [[Bessus]], Misri * [[Bona]], Misri * [[Bonifasi, Tekla na wanao]] 12, Algeria * [[Damiani wa Afrika]], Misri * [[Dasi, Juliani, Reatri, Vinsenti na wenzao]] 26, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dasya wa Tanda]], Misri * [[Defendente]], Misri * [[Demetrius I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Demetri mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Demiana]] na wenzake 40, Misri * [[Deogratias wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Didara, Bisoe na Nor]], Misri * [[Dionisi mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Dionisi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dionisya wa Vita na wenzake]] ([[Majoriko]], [[Dativa]], [[Leonsya wa Vita]], [[Tersyo wa Byzacena]], [[Emiliani wa Vita]] na [[Bonifasi wa Sicilibba]]), Algeria * [[Dioskoro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dioskoro mfiadini (20 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Dioskoro wa Qais]], Misri * [[Dominiko, Vikta na wenzao|Dominiko, Vikta, Primiani, Saturnini, Kresensi, Sekundi na Honorati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Domnini wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donasyani, Presidi na wenzao|Donasyani, Presidi, Mansueti, Jermano na Foskolo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Justus na Herenas]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati, Makari na Theodori]], Misri * [[Donati wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Donati wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Dorotea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Doroteo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Dositeo wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Edesi mfiadini]], Misri * [[Elesbaan]] (Kalebu wa Aksum), Ethiopia * [[Elia na Simeoni Afamarie]], Ethiopia * [[Elia, Yeremia, Isaya, Samweli na Danieli]], Misri * [[Elia wa Misri]] * [[Emiliani, Tertula na Antonia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Emiliani, Lasi, Didimo, Poemi, Amoni na Prima]] na wenzao 38, Tunisia * [[Epenetus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Epifani, Donati na Rufini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epikteto, Yukundo na wenzao|Epikteto, Yukundo, Felisi, Sekundo, Vitalis, Epikari na wenzao 15]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Epimako, Aleksanda na wenzao|Epimako, Aleksanda, Merkuria, Dionisya na Amonaria]], Misri * [[Epimako wa Pelusi]], Misri * [[Erakla wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eroni, Atne, Isidori na Dioskoro]], Misri * [[Esiki, Pakomi na Theodori]], Misri * [[Esuperansi wa Cingoli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Esuperi wa Thebe|Esuperi]], [[Kandidi wa Thebe|Kandidi]] na [[Vikta wa Thebe|Vikta]], Misri * [[Eufrasi na Klarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eufrasia wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Eufrosina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eugeni, Euganda na Abilandi]], Misri * [[Eujeni, Salutari na Muriti]], Tunisia * [[Eujeni wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Eukari wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eulogi wa Edessa]], Misri * [[Eumeni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Euprepi wa Misri]] * [[Eusebi, Erakli, Dionisi na Septimi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eustrasi wa Sufres]], Tunisia * [[Eutiko, Fortunati, Saturnini, Marsia, Vikta, Stefano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Eutikyo]], Misri * [[Eutimio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Eutropia wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Evasi na Privati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ezana]], Ethiopia * [[Fabius]], Algeria * [[Fana wa Misri]] * [[Faustini, Lusius, Kandidi, Seliani, Marko, Januari na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fausto, Abibi na wenzao|Fausto, Abibi, Andrea, Androniko, Andropelagia, Kaldote, Makari, Sarpando, Siriaki, Siriaki mwingine, Thekla na Theosisti]], Misri * [[Fausto, Dio na Amoni]], Misri * [[Fausto, Kayo na wenzao|Fausto, Kayo, Petro, Paulo, Eusebi, Keremone, Lucho]] na wenzao 2, Misri * [[Fausto shemasi]], Misri * [[Fausto wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Feliche Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Felichisimi]], Tunisia * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia|Felisi, Ponto, Abda na Valeria]], Tunisia * [[Felisi, Adaukti, Januari, Fortunati na Septimi]], Algeria * [[Felisi, Lusioli, Fortunati na Marsia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi mfiadini (3 Februari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi na Genadi]], Tunisia * [[Felisi na Regula]], Misri * [[Felisi, Niseta, Postiniana na Filipo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisi wa Abbir]], [[Sipriani wa Unizibira]] na wenzao 5,000 hivi, Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Felisi wa Gerona]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Hadrumetum]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Thibiuca]], [[Audactus wa Karthago|Audactus]], [[Fortunatus wa Karthago|Fortunatus]], [[Januari wa Karthago|Januarius]] na [[Septimus wa Karthago|Septimus]], Tunisia * [[Felisi wa Toniza]], Tunisia * [[Felisiani na wenzake]] 125, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Felisiani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fermo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Fidelis, Felisi na wenzao|Fidelis, Felisi, Kresenti, Liberati]] na wenzao 3, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fidensyani, Valeriana, Viktorya na wenzao]] 17, Algeria * [[Fileas]], [[Filoromus]], Pakomi, Theodori, Petro, Fausto, Didius, Amoni, Hesiki na Viktorina na wenzao 642, Misri * [[Filipo mfiadini (13 Septemba)]], Misri * [[Filipo, Narseo, Zeno na watoto kumi]], Misri * [[Filothei wa Pemdje]], Misri * [[Fiorenzo wa Nebbio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Firmus wa Tagaste]], Algeria * [[Florensi wa Semina]], Tunisia * [[Florensiani wa Midila]], Algeria * [[Fortunati, Felisi, Silvi, Vitalis, Apolo, Isaki na Krotate]], Misri * [[Fortunati na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Lusiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fortunati na Marsiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Fronti wa Perigueux]], Misri * [[Fronto na wenzake]] 70, Misri * [[Frumensyo]], Ethiopia * [[Galikani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Abba Garima|Garima]], Ethiopia * [[Gaudensi, Felisi, Agapiti na Emeriti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Gaudioso wa Napoli]], Tunisia * [[Gayo, Joviani na Filipo]], Moroko * [[Gelasi wa Nilopoli]], Misri * [[Geranus]], Misri * [[Gerasimo wa Yordani]], Misri * [[Gereoni na wenzake|Gereoni, Kasius, Gregori Maurus, Florenti, Inosenti, Konstantino, Viktori]] na wenzao, Misri * [[Grani na wenzake|Grani, Hilari, Donati, Konsesi na Saturnini]], Misri * [[Gregori, Arkelao na Felisisima]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Abba Guba|Guba]], Ethiopia * [[Gudene]], Tunisia * [[Habetdeus wa Teudali]], Tunisia * [[Helaniki na Begei]], Misri * [[Heliodori na Venusti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Heraklemon]], Ethiopia * [[Herakli na Zosimo]], Tunisia * [[Herme wa Numidia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hesiki wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hilarioni wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Hipoliti wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Hor, Susia na wanao]] Hor na Agatho, Misri * [[Hor wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Hortulani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Hugal na wenzake|Hugal, Emiliani, Motani, Safo, Sterkori na Vikta]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ifigenia]], Ethiopia * [[Inosenti askofu]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Irene wa Misri]] * [[Irenei wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Ireus na Atanasi]], Ethiopia * [[Isaka Mdalmatia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Kellia]], Misri * [[Isaka wa Tiphre]], Misri * [[Isidora mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Isidora Mpumbavu]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Kio]], Misri * [[Isidori wa Misri]] * [[Isidori wa Skete]], Misri * [[Iskirioni na wenzake|Iskirioni, Foibamoni, Orsenufi, Belfius, Origen na Petro]], Misri * [[Iskirioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Italo, Zotiko, Kamaro, Filipo na Atalo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Januari, Masima na wenzao|Januari, Masima, Makaria, Konsesa, Timori na Koneksi]], Tunisia * [[Januari na Marino]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jermani, Selestini na Santina]], Misri * [[Jokondiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Jovenale wa Narni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Julia wa Corsica]], Tunisia * [[Juliani mfiadini]], Misri * [[Juliani na Basilisa]], Misri * [[Juliani na Eunus]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Juliani wa Aleksandria (patriarki)]], Misri * [[Juliani na Sesari|Juliani wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Julius mfiadini]], Misri * [[Julius, Potamia, Krispini, Felisi na Grati]], Algeria * [[Kaisi na wenzake|Kaisi, Kwintasi, Septimini, Venusti, Beatus, Sekundi, Donati, Sereni, Kresensi, Niseti, Vitalis, Firmini, Herakli na Eusebi]], Tunisia * [[Kalistrato wa Karthago]] na wenzake 49, Tunisia * [[Kalojero wa Sisilia]], Tunisia * [[Kandida]], Tunisia * [[Kandidi na Piperioni]], Misri * [[Kandidi na wenzake]] 21, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kanio wa Atella]], Tunisia * [[Karagoni]], Misri * [[Karas mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Karioni wa Misri]] * [[Karpoforo, Esanto na wenzao]] Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini, Misri * [[Kasiani wa Autun]], Misri * [[Kasiani wa Tanja]], [[Moroko]] * [[Kasio na Fiorenso]], Misri * [[Kasto na Emilio]], Tunisia * [[Kastori, Vikta na Rogasiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastrese]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kastuli, Modesti na wenzao|Kastuli, Modesti, Rogato, Zotiko]] na wenzao 40 au 50, Misri * [[Katerina wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Kato, Jermana na wenzao|Kato, Jermana, Geronsi, Januari, Julius, Paulo, Pia, Saturnini, Suksesi]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Katulino na wenzake|Katulino, Adauti, Felisi, Florenti, Fortunansiani, Januari, Julia, Setimini na Yusta]], Tunisia * [[Katulus, Tuskus, Valentini na Magarus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kedroni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Keladioni wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Keremoni na wenzake]], Misri * [[Keremoni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kikosi cha Thebe]], Misri * [[Klaudi, Krispini, Magina, Yohane na Stefano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Klaudi na wenzake]] 194, Misri * [[Klaudiani, Sipriani na wenzao]] Donati, Felisi, Januari, Juliani, Lusiani, Marsiani, Marsiali, Petro, Kwiriani, Vikta na Vitalis, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kluthi]], Misri * [[Kointa]], Misri * [[Kolegus na Kolotus]], Misri * [[Koluthi]], Misri * [[Kononi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Konstantino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Kopriko, Vikta na Donati]], Libya * [[Korus na wenzake|Korus, Katulini, Faustini, Felisi, Felisi, Nabori, Pleni, Salunus, Saturnini, Silvi, Soluti, Theodora, Theodori, Theoni, Ursus, Valeri, Venusti, Viktorini, Vikturus na Vitalis]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresenti wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresenti wa Bizasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kresentiani wa Afrika Kaskazini]] * [[Kresentiani, Vikta, Rusula na Generali]], Tunisia * [[Kreskoni wa Tripoli]], Libya * [[Kreskoni, Zeno, Menandri, Karini, Arioni, Ipoliti, Diodoro, Menelanti, Atora, Petro, Lambese, Lusiani na Felisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Krisanto na Daria|Krisanto]], Misri * [[Krispina wa Tagora]], Algeria * [[Krispini mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kroni wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Kronide, Leonsi na Serapioni|Kronide, Leonsi, Serapioni, Seleusi, Stratoni na Valeriani]], Misri * [[Kukufas]], Tunisia * [[Kwadrato mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Kwadrato wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Kwartilosa na wenzake]] 2, Tunisia * [[Kwintiani, Denisi na wenzao|Kwintiani, Denisi, Juliani, Lucho, Paulo]] na wenzao 15, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Eleuteri na wenzao|Kwintiani, Eleuteri, Gayo, Aleksanda na Saturnini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwintiani, Teodoli, Tekla na Festina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Kwinto na wenzake|Kwinto, Simplisi, Pompini, Paulo, Aritife, Kresto, Digno, Datulo, Felisiani, Musa, Rogasyani, Martiri, Orati, Evasi, Viktoria, Privati, Tino, Salvatori, Sito, Teturo, Vitoriko, Seliano, Setimino, Rustiko, Basa, Lucania, Onorati, Saturnini, Sesiliana, Namfamoni, Felisi, Vinsenti, Aresto, Museo, Sidino na Adiuto]], Moroko * [[Laurenti na Ignasi]], Tunisia * [[Leonidas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Leonides wa Thebe]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Leto wa Nefta]], Tunisia * [[Leucho wa Brindisi]], Misri * [[Liberati, Bonifasi na wenzao|Liberati, Bonifasi, Servyo, Rustiko, Rogati, Setimo na Masimo]], Tunisia * [[Liboso wa Beja]], Tunisia * [[Abba Likano|Likano]], Ethiopia * [[Likarioni na Potamiona]], Misri * [[Lonjino wa Pamaria]], Algeria * [[Lucho, Montano na wenzao|Lucho, Montano, Juliano, Vitoriko, Vikta na Donasiani]], Tunisia * [[Lukio wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Lusiani, Metrobi na wenzao|Lusiani, Metrobi, Paulo, Zenobi, Theotimo na Drusi]], Libya * [[Mabikira Wafiadini (16 Desemba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Makari Mkuu]], Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria]] (Makari Kijana), Misri * [[Makari wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Makari wa Fayum]], Misri * [[Makari wa Libya]], Misri * [[Makroni wa Thoni]], Misri * [[Maksimiliani wa Tebessa]], Algeria * [[Mamari, Felisi, Vikta, Albino na Domati]], Algeria * [[Mamas wa Awlatos]], Misri * [[Mames na Diskus]], Misri * [[Manilo, Donati, Maurila, Lusiani, Viktorini na Nise]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mansueti, Severi, Apiani, Donati na Honori]], Misri * [[Mansueti wa Urusi]], Tunisia * [[Mapaliko na wenzake|Mapaliko, Baso, Fortunio, Paulo, Fortunata, Viktorino, Viktori, Eremio, Kredula, Ereda, Donato, Firmo, Venusto, Frukto, Julia, Marziale na Aristone]], Tunisia * [[Marcellus wa Tanja]], Morocco * [[Maria wa Misri]], Misri * [[Mariano na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mariano, Yakobo na wenzao|Mariano, Yakobo, Sekondiani, Konkordi, Marinus, Heliodori, Saturnini, Silvani]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Marina, Marsia, Emili na Felisi]], Misri * [[Markiano II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Marko, Marsiano na wenzao]], Misri * [[Marko mkaapweke (Libya)]] * [[Marko mkaapweke (Misri)]] * [[Marko mtawa]], Misri * [[Markulo wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Marseli wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino, Satuli na wenzao|Marselino, Satuli, Prokula, Kwiriako, Rejina na Saturnini]] na wenzao 4, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Embrun]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marselino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Marselino, Vinsenti na Domninus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Marsiali, Laurenti na wenzao]] 20, Algeria * [[Marsiana wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Marsiano, Jukundi na wenzao|Marsiano, Jukundi, Tolomea, Filipo, Yohane na Akra]], Misri * [[Marsiano, Nikandro na wenzao|Marsiano, Nikandro, Apolonio, Leonida, Areyo, Gorjo, Iperkio, Selenio, Irene na Pamboni]], Misri * [[Martha mfiadini]], Misri * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao]] 2, Algeria * [[Marusi, Restiti na Julius]], Tunisia * [[Masima bikira]], Algeria * [[Masima, Donatila na Sekunda]], Tunisia * [[Masimiani wa Bagai]], Algeria * [[Masimino wa Aix]], Algeria * [[Masimo na Domasi]], Misri * [[Masimo padri mfiadini]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Masimo wa Vuchim]], Misri * [[Mauro mfiadini]], Moroko * [[Mauro wa Parenzo]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Mavilus]], Tunisia * [[Medilama]], Misri * [[Melania Kijana]], Algeria * [[Melas]], Misri * [[Melesi, Suzana, Marsiana na Paladia]], Misri * [[Melki wa Klusma]], Misri * [[Memno wa Misri]] * [[Mena, Hermogene na Eugrafo]], Misri * [[Mena wa Konstantinopoli]], Misri * [[Mena wa Misri|Menas]], Misri * [[Metras, Saturnini, Tirso, Vikta, Tarsisi, Zotiko na Siriako]], Misri * [[Meuris wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Abuna Aregawi|Mikaeli wa Aragave]], Ethiopia * [[Misaeli mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Modesti, Eutiko, Mauro na Disei]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Modesti, Juliani na Posina]], Tunisia * [[Modesti na Amoni]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Modesti wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Modesti wa Yerusalemu]], Misri * [[Mohrael]], Misri * [[Monika]], Algeria * [[Mora wa Benhor]], Ethiopia * [[Morisi Mtakatifu|Morisi]] na wenzake, Misri * [[Moses wa Psammaniu]], Misri * [[Murita wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Musa Mwafrika]], Ethiopia * [[Musa Mwarabu]], Misri * [[Nabore]], Algeria * [[Namfamo]], [[Mijin]], [[Sanami]], [[Luchita]], [[Namfamo|Adyuto, Aresto, Artifa, Besa, Datulo, Degno, Evasi, Felisi, Felisiani, Kresto, Kwarti, Kwinti, Lukania, Martiri, Mose, Museo, Onorato, Orato, Paulo, Pompini, Privati, Reduktula, Rogasiani, Rustiko, Salvatori, Saturnini, Setimini, Sesiliana, Seliani, Sidini, Simplisi, Sito, Teturo, Tino, Vikta, Viktorino, Vikturi, Vinsenti]] na wenzao, Algeria * [[Nemesi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Nemesiani na wenzake|Nemesiani, Feliche, Lucho, Feliche, Liteo, Poliano, Vikta, Iader na Dativus]], Algeria * [[Neopuli]], Misri * [[Nikanda mfiadini]], Misri * [[Nilamoni]], Misri * [[Nimfidi, Saturnini, Taurini, Nemorati na Arapolini]], Misri * [[Nino na wenzake|Nino, Vikta, Nobilitani, Mariani, Lusius, Tinus, Kresensi, Rufiniani, Donati, Defensa, Rustisi, Serviliani, Sokrate, Veneri, Januari, Mustoli, Kwintini, Memi, Isitani, Magnili, Prima, Donata, Severa, Viktoria na Basilia]], Moroko * [[Numidiko]], Tunisia * [[Oktavi, Solutori na Aventori]], Misri * [[Oktaviani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Oliva wa Palermo]], Tunisia * [[Orikuli]], Tunisia * [[Orioni, Emili na Agnati]], Misri * [[Orisi mmonaki]], Misri * [[Ospisi wa Nizza]], Misri * [[Otimus]], Misri * [[Pafnusi Mkaapweke]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Pafnusi wa Tentyra]], Misri * [[Pakomi]], Misri * [[Paladi, Kotili, Adrami, Musa, Esas na Palikoni]], Misri * [[Palemoni]], Misri * [[Pambo wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Pansofi]], Misri * [[Abba Panteleoni|Pantelewon]], Ethiopia * [[Papias na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Papiniani wa Vita]], Tunisia * [[Parmeni na wenzake|Parmeni, Herakli, Eliasi, Apoloni, Eudomi, Anovi na Publi]], Misri * [[Patapi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Patermuti na wenzake|Patermuti, Kopra na Aleksanda]], Misri * [[Paterni wa Roma]], Misri * [[Paulo Mnyofu]], Misri * [[Paulo wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Paulo wa Tebe]], Misri * [[Paulo, Suksesi, Viktorini, Saturus, Misor, Geronsi, Lukresya, Januari, Agapiti, Krusesus, Eufra, Floridus na Teokosi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Peleo, Nilo na wenzao|Peleo, Nilo, Elio na Patermusi]], Misri * [[Pelusi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Perpetua Mtakatifu|Perpetua]], [[Felista Mtakatifu|Felista]], [[Revocatus]] [[Saturninus]], [[Saturus]] na [[Sekondinus]] na wenzao, Tunisia * [[Petro na Afrodisi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro III wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Petro, Severus na Leucho]], Misri * [[Petro, Suksesi na wenzao|Petro, Suksesi, Basiani, Primitivi, Tuno, Puplikano]] na wenzao 18, Afrika Kaskazini * [[Petro wa Ethiopia]] * [[Petroni wa Misri]] * [[Piamun]], Misri * [[Pijimi]], Misri * [[Piniani]], Algeria * [[Pior]], Misri * [[Pishoi]], Misri * [[Pitirim wa Misri]] * [[Plutarko, Potamiena na wenzao|Plutarko, Potamiena, Sereno, Eraklide, Erone, Sereno, Eraide na Marsela]], Misri * [[Poemen]], Misri * [[Polieni, Serapioni na Justili]], Misri * [[Polikarpo wa Misri]] * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania|Polius na Eutiki]], Algeria * [[Ponsyo wa Pradleves]], Misri * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Porfiri wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Porfiri wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Potamoni na wenzake|Potamoni, Ortasi na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Potamoni wa Herakleopoli]], Misri * [[Primo, Aksidi na Pasimoni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Primo na Donato]], Algeria * [[Primo wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Prisko, Kastrensi na wenzao|Prisko, Kastrensi, Tamaro, Rosyo, Herakli, Sekundini, Auditori, Marko, Augusti,Elipidi, Kanioni na Vindomi]], Algeria * [[Pristi na wenzake|Pristi, Sevi, Kwadrati, Sundofagi, Astusi, Diomede, Zotiko, Zatamgeli na Moisei]], Misri * [[Proteri]], Misri * [[Proto na Yasinto]], Misri * [[Publi wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Juliani, Marseli, Marubi, Juliani, Barasea, Tulius, Lampasi, Majoli, Julius, Paulo, Maksimila, Publio na Juliani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Saturnini, Mauriani, Libosi na Vinsensia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Publio, Vikta, Herme na Papias]], Moroko * [[Quintiani wa Rodez]], Tunisia * [[Rais bikira]], Misri * [[Rebeka wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Restituta wa Teniza]], Tunisia * [[Restitutus wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Revokati, Saturi, Felisi, Saturnini na Gelasi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Revokati, Saturnini, Saturi na Sekunduli]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Ripsime na wenzake]], Misri * [[Rogasyani wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Rogati mfiadini]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati na Suchesi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rogati, Saturnini, Faustini na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino, Marko na Valeri]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Rufino na Rufo]], Misri * [[Rufo, Prisko na wenzao|Rufo, Prisko, Optioni, Amoni, Yusto, Abdas, Asenei, Silvani, Magnili, Paternika, Septimia, Julia, Potamia na Hospia]], Moroko * [[Rufo wa Misri]] * [[Rustiko wa Lambesa]], Algeria * [[Rutilio]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino, Lusiani na wenzao|Sabino, Lusiani, Petro, Amabili, Nonina, Salvus, Agripiani, Medaduli na Respektati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sabino wa Minya]], Misri * [[Saizana]], Ethiopia * [[Saloni na wenzake|Saloni, Masimo, Hilari na Konsesi]], Moroko * [[Salusi]], Ethiopia * [[Salutari wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Salvius]], Tunisia * [[Samueli wa Kalamun]], Misri * [[Sara na wanae]], Misri * [[Sara wa jangwani]], Misri * [[Sarmata]], Misri * [[Satiro wa Milano]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Faustini na Nafiani]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Saturnini, Klaudi na wenzao|Saturnini, Klaudi, Primo, Flaviani, Zotiko, Asteri, Karo na Saturi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Martiniani, Saturiani na wenzao|Saturnini, Nerei na Serea]], Algeria * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (askofu)]], Tunisia * [[Saturnini wa Karthago (padri)]], Tunisia * [[Saturninus wa Abitina|Saturninus]], [[Dativus]], [[Viktoria wa Abitina|Viktoria]] na [[Wafiadini wa Abitina|wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Sebastiani wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Abba Sehma|Sehma]], Ethiopia * [[Sekondino wa Apulia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sekundi wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Sekundo wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Sekundulo na Romulo]], Algeria * [[Selerina wa Karthago]], Tunisi * [[Selerino wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Panfilo na wenzake|Seleuko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Semproni wa Afrika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Senuthi wa Buasti]], Misri * [[Serapioni, Trofimo na wenzao|Serapioni, Trofimo, Melei, Evangeli, Proposi, Atali, Zeno, Makrobi, Menei na Trofima]], Misri * [[Serapioni wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]] (wako watatu), Misri * [[Serapioni wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Serboni]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Serdo askofu]], Misri * [[Sereali, Populi, Kayo, Serapioni na Proteri]], Misri * [[Servus wa Tuburbium]], Tunisia * [[Sesari wa Nazienzi]], Misri * [[Sesari wa Terracina]], Tunisia * [[Sesili wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Severi mfiadini]], Algeria * [[Severi, Sekundi, Januari na Viktorini]], Algeria * [[Severianus na Akwila]], Algeria * [[Shamul wa Taraphia]], Misri * [[Silvani, Rutuli, Klasiki, Sekundi, Fruktuli, Masimo, Damasi, Paulo na Marsiali]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Silvano wa Terracina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simeoni na Yohane]], Misri * [[Simeoni wa Thou]], Misri * [[Simfroni na Ipoliti]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Simoni wa Tapcho]], Misri * [[Sinkletika]], Misri * [[Siprila wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Siriaki na Paula]], Tunisia * [[Siriaki, Apolinari, Saturnini, Beliko, Persei, Krisini, Primo na Januari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Ekomini, Peleoniki, Zotiki na mwenzao]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Siriaki, Valeria, Marsia, Diogene na Mika]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirili, Rogati na wenzao|Sirili, Rogati, Felisi, Beati, Herenia, Felisita, Urbani, Silvani, Mamili, Dasiani na Jokundi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Sirius askofu]], Tunisia * [[Sirius na Serapioni]], Misri * [[Siro na Yohane]], Misri * [[Siro wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Sisini wa Tantatho]], Misri * [[Sisoi Mkuu]], Misri * [[Sofia, Dilbamonia, Bistamonia na Warsenofa]], Misri * [[Sofia wa Misri]] * [[Sofroni, Amaranti, Kwinti na Lusius]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Scilla|Speratus na wenzake]], Tunisia * [[Suksesi, Paulo na Lusio]], Tunisia * [[Amma Talida|Talida]], Misri * [[Tamaro wa Benevento]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Taski, Dubitati, Valensi na Donati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tekle Hawarjat na Gebre Yohane]], Ethiopia * [[Temeda, Armeni na wenzao]], Misri * [[Teodoli]], Misri * [[Teoduli, Anesi na Kornelia]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Terensi na wenzake|Terensi, Afrikano, Masimo, Pompeo, Zeno, Aleksanda, Theodoro]] na wenzao 33 au 43, Tunisia * [[Thadei mfiadini]], Ethiopia * [[Thais]], Misri * [[Thea wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodora, Didimo, Afrodisi na Viktorini]], Misri * [[Theodora wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Misri]] * [[Theodori wa Shotep]], Misri * [[Theodori wa Tabennese]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Enaton]], Misri * [[Theodoro wa Kurene]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pentapoli]], Libya * [[Theodoro wa Pherme]], Misri * [[Theodosi I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theodoto wa Libya]] * [[Theofili na Heladi]], Libya * [[Theofredi wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Theogene]] na wenzake 36, Algeria * [[Theonas wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Theonas wa Misri]] * [[Theotiko wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Shenshif]], Misri * [[Thoma wa Tanphot]], Misri * [[Tigre]], Misri * [[Timoteo wa Mauretania]], Algeria * [[Timotheo I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo II wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo IV wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Timotheo Msomaji]] na mkewe [[Maura]], Misri * [[Timotheo, Zotiko, Italiki, Zoilus na Jelati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Tipasi]], Algeria * [[Titoes]], Misri * [[Tolemayo bin Eparki]], Misri * [[Tomais wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Trifoni wa Misri]] * [[Trofimo na Tiberi]], Misri * [[Tuliani, Antia, Siriaki na Amoni]], Misri * [[Urbani wa Jerba]], Tunisia * [[Urso wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Valeriano wa Avensano]], Tunisia * [[Varo na wenzake]], Misri * [[Vendemiale]], Tunisia * [[Verena wa Zurzach]], Misri * [[Veruli, Sekundini, Sirisi, Felisi, Servuli, Saturnini na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viatori wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Viche wa Sabrata]], Libya * [[Vikta askofu]], Tunisia * [[Vikta Mwafrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta na Maloso]], Misri * [[Vikta na Stefano]], Misri * [[Vikta, Urbani na Sapargi]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vikta wa Afrika]], Algeria * [[Vikta wa Asyut]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Kaisarea]], Algeria * [[Vikta mfiadini (20 Julai)|Vikta mfiadini]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Marseille]], Misri * [[Vikta wa Solothurn]], Misri * [[Viktori, Felisi, Narsisi na Argirus]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori, Marinus, Perpetua, Julia, Honori, Urbani na Privatula]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktori wa Vita]], Algeria * [[Viktoria wa Culusi]], Tunisia * [[Viktoria wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Viktoriani, Frumenti na wenzao]], Tunisia * [[Viktorini, Eusiri, Paulo, Donati na Fortunati]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Viktorini, Vikta, Nisefori, Klaudiani, Dioskoro, Serapioni na Papias]], Misri * [[Vikturus na wenzake|Vikturus, Evasi, Privati, Januaria, Donata, Spisina, Kwirili na Makari]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vinsenti wa Digne]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Vitalis wa Gaza]], Misri * [[Wadamun]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika (6 Januari)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (16 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Afrika Kaskazini (30 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (17 Machi)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aleksandria (10 Agosti)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Aquae Regiae]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa gonjwa la Sipriani]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Ijumaa Kuu wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Afrika (12 Oktoba)]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (9 Februari)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (13 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Aleksandria (356)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa imani sahihi wa Misri (21 Mei)]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Lycopolis]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Masula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Misri ya Juu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Nitria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Numidia]], Algeria * [[Wafiadini wa Pentekoste wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Raithu]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sais]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Shiheet]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Sufetula]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini wa Thebe]], Misri * [[Wafiadini wa Voli]], Tunisia * [[Massa Candida|Wafiadini wa Utica]], Tunisia * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]], Misri * [[Wanas]], Misri * [[Yakobo, Abrahamu na Yohane]], Misri * [[Yared wa Ethiopia]] * [[Abba Yemata|Yemata]], Ethiopia * [[Yeremia mfiadini]], Misri * [[Yohane I wa Aleksandria]], Misri * [[Yohane Mbilikimo]], Misri * [[Yohane Mwenyehuruma]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Bizane]], Ethiopia * [[Yohane wa Misri]], Misri * [[Yohane wa Senhout]], Misri * [[Yosefu, Priori na Besarioni]], Misri * [[Yosefu wa Panefo]], Misri * [[Yusta na Eredina]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto na Theoklia]], Misri * [[Yusto na wenzake]], Afrika Kaskazini * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (askofu)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Aleksandria (mfiadini)]], Misri * [[Yusto wa Lyon]], Misri * [[Zosimo wa Karthago]], Tunisia * [[Zota mfiadini]], Libya {{div col end}} ==Karne za Kati== Baada ya [[Waarabu]] kuteka [[Afrika Kaskazini]] yote ([[karne ya 7]]), Kanisa Katoliki karibu lilitoweka barani humo. Walibaki zaidi Wakristo wa Kikopti kuanzia Misri hadi Ethiopia, wakiwa na [[wamonaki]] wengi sana. Kati ya watakatifu waliowahi kuishi au kufika Afrika katika [[karne za kati]] maarufu zaidi ni: * [[Meiraksi]], mfiadini (hadi 640, Misri) * [[Eumeni wa Gortina]], askofu kutoka [[Krete]], [[Ugiriki]] (karne ya 7 hivi, Misri) * [[Agatho wa Aleksandria (patriarki)|Agatho wa Aleksandria]], [[patriarki]] wa [[Kanisa la Kikopti]] (hadi 680, Misri) * [[Simeoni I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 699, Misri) * [[Esiki wa Sinai]], mmonaki wa [[Waorthodoksi|Kiorthodoksi]] (karne ya 7 - [[karne ya 8]], Misri) * [[Aleksanda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 729, Misri) * [[Kosma I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 730, Misri) * [[Theodoro I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 742, Misri) * [[Febronia wa Akhmim]], bikira mfiadini kutoka [[Syria]] (hadi 749, Misri) * [[Mikaeli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 767, Misri) * [[Yohane IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 799, Misri) * [[Marko II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 819, Misri) * [[Yakobo wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Simeoni II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 830, Misri) * [[Yosefu I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 849, Misri) * [[Mikaeli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 851, Misri) * [[Joji, Aureli na wenzao|Joji wa Cordoba]], mmonaki shemasi (kabla ya 852, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Eutimi wa Sardi]], askofu mkuu wa [[Sardi]] (804 hivi, [[Pantelleria]]) * [[Kosma II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 858, Misri) * [[Elia wa Enna]], mmonaki [[Basil wa Caesarea|Mbazili]] kutoka [[Sicilia]] (859-878, Misri na nchi nyingine) * [[Shenuda I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 880, Misri) * [[Andrea, Yohane, Petro na Antoni]], wafiadini kutoka [[Italia]] (890, Tunisia) * [[Mikaeli III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 907, Misri) * [[Gabrieli I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 920, Misri) * [[Kosma III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 932, Misri) * [[Makari I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 953, Misri) * [[George El Mozahem]], mfiadini wa Kikopti (940-969, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 978, Misri) * [[Simoni Mshonangozi]], [[mlei]] wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Pafnusi wa Nitria]], askofu wa Kikopti (karne ya 10, Misri) * [[Simoni wa Mercurio]], mmonaki wa [[Basil wa Caesarea|Kibazili]] kutoka Italia (karne ya 10, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Bononi]], [[mmonaki]] [[Mbenedikto]] kutoka Italia (975-995, Misri) * [[Zakaria wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1032, Misri) * [[Simeoni wa Siracusa]], mmonaki shemasi kutoka Italia na Ugiriki (miaka kadhaa hadi 1026) * [[Sirili II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1092, Misri) * [[Mikaeli IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1102, Misri) * [[Makari II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1128, Misri) * [[Gabrieli II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1145, Misri) * [[Mikaeli V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1146, Misri) * [[Bashinuna]], mmonaki mfiadini wa Kikopti (hadi 1164, Misri) * [[Girgis wa Asiut na wenzake]] 5,000, wafiadini (hadi 1169, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Matha]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Watrinitari]] aliyefanya utume Afrika Kaskazini mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 13]] * [[Iyasus Mo'a]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1214-1294) * [[Fransisko wa Assisi]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] aliyetangaza [[Injili]] Misri (1219) * [[Berardo mfiadini|Berardo, Petro, Oto, Akursius na Adiutus]], Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini nchini Moroko (1220) * [[Danieli mfiadini|Danieli, Anyelo, Samweli, Domino, Leo, Ugolino na Nikola]] Ndugu Wadogo wafiadini huko [[Ceuta]], mpakani mwa Moroko (1227) * [[Ramon Nonat]], padri wa [[Wamersedari]] (kati ya 1225 na 1239, Algeria) * [[Serapioni wa Algiers|Serapioni Scott]], padri mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1240, Algeria) * [[Petro Nolasco]], mwanzilishi wa Wamersedari (1245, Algeria) * [[Wafiadini Wamersedari wa Damieta]] (1250 hivi, Misri) * [[Parsoma]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1257-1317, Misri) * [[Louis IX]], [[mfalme]] wa [[Ufaransa]] aliyefariki Tunisia (1270) * [[Wiliamu Saggiano]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1270, Algeria) * [[Ewostatewos]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (1273-1352) * [[Petro Kamino]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1284, Tunisia) * [[Matia Marko]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Antonio Vallesio]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1293, Tunisia) * [[Pere Ermengol]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1304, Algeria) * [[Tekle Haymanot]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1215-1313) * [[Aleksanda wa Sisili]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1317, Tunisia) * [[Gulielmo wa Firenze]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1330, Algeria) * [[Benyamini II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1339, Misri) * [[Filotheo wa Durunka]], mfiadini (hadi 1380, Misri) * [[Samweli wa Dabra Wagag]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1350 hadi mwanzo wa [[karne ya 15]]) * [[Absadi]], [[mmonaki]] mfiadini wa [[Eritrea]] (hadi 1381) * [[Petro wa Mt. Maria]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Simoni wa Lara]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1361, Afrika Kaskazini) * [[Petro wa Bearn]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1364, Tunisia) * [[Mathayo I wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1408, Misri) * [[Severino Gallo]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1419, Algeria) * [[Giyorgis wa Segla]], [[mmonaki]] wa Ethiopia (1365-1425) * [[Mathayo II wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1465, Misri) * [[Yohane wa Grenada]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Petro Malasanch]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1428, Algeria) * [[Jeromu wa Pratis]], mtawa mfiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1431, Tunisia) * [[Fransisko, Yakobo na wenzao]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (1437, Moroko) * [[Egidi, Luis, Yohane na Paulo]], watawa wafiadini wa [[Wamersedari]] (Moroko) * [[Diego wa Alkala]], [[bruda]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] (1441-1450, [[Visiwa vya Kanari]]) * [[Laurenti Company]], mkuu wa [[Wamersedari]] (1452-1467, Tunisia) * [[Kristos Samra]], mwanamke mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Samweli wa Waldebba]], mmonaki wa Ethiopia (karne ya 15) * [[Gebre Menfes Kidus]], mmonaki wa Misri nchini Ethiopia ==Nyakati zetu== Kati ya walioishi baadaye kuna (miaka na nchi ya Afrika alipoishi): * [[Salib]], mfiadini (hadi 1512, Misri) * [[Gabrieli VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1570, Misri) * [[Embakomu]], mmonaki (1489-1565, Ethiopia) * [[Lebna Dengel]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1500-1540) * [[Benedikto Mwafrika]], mtawa wa Ndugu Wadogo (mtoto wa watumwa, [[Sicilia]], [[Italia]]) * [[Yosefu wa Anchieta]], padri wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1534-1548, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Fransisko Saveri]], padri wa Wajesuiti (1541-1542, [[Msumbiji]]) * [[Yohane XIV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1586, Misri) * [[Walatta Petros]], (1592-1642, Ethiopia) * [[Fasilides]], mfalme wa Ethiopia (1603-1667) * [[Vinsenti wa Paulo]], padri mwanzilishi wa mashirika mawili (1605-1606, Tunisia) * [[Petro wa Betancur]], mtawa mwanzilishi (1626-1649, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Yasay]], mmonaki ([[karne ya 17]], Ethiopia) * [[Gerasimo Palladas]], patriarki wa Kiorthodoksi kutoka Ugiriki (1688-1710, Misri) * [[Ibrahim El-Gohary]], [[waziri mkuu]] wa Misri (hadi 1795, Misri) * [[Moallem Malati]], mfiadini (hadi 1803, Misri) * [[Yosefu El Abah]], askofu (hadi 1826, Misri) * [[Sidhom Bishay]], mfiadini (hadi 1844, Misri) * [[Petro VII wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (hadi 1852, Misri) * [[Sirili IV wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1816-1861, Misri) * [[Abrahamu wa Faiyum]], askofu wa Wakopti (1829-1914, Misri) * [[Sirili V wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1831-1927, Misri) * [[Emilia wa Vialar]], bikira mwanzilishi (1832-1852, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Misri) * [[Justino de Jacobis]], askofu wa [[Wavinsenti]] (1838-1860, Ethiopia na [[Eritrea]]) * [[Antoni Maria Claret]], askofu mwanzilishi wa shirika (1848-1849, Visiwa vya Kanari) * [[Wafiadini wa Uganda]] (1851-1887, [[Uganda]] na [[Tanzania]]): ** [[Karolo Lwanga]] ** [[Matias Mulumba Kalemba]] ** [[Andrea Kaggwa]] ** [[Atanasi Bazzekuketta]] ** [[Gonzaga Gonza]] ** [[Noe Mawaggali]] ** [[Luka Banabakintu]] ** [[Yakobo Buzabaliawo]] ** [[Gyavira Musoke]] ** [[Ambrosio Kibuuka]] ** [[Anatoli Kiriggwajjo]] ** [[Achile Kiwanuka]] ** [[Kizito]] ** [[Mbaga Tuzinde]] ** [[Mugagga Lubowa]] ** [[Yosefu Mukasa Balikuddembe]] ** [[Adolfo Mukasa Ludigo]] ** [[Bruno Sserunkuma]] ** [[Yohane Maria Muzei]], [[Tanzania]] ** [[Dionisi Ssebuggwawo]] ** [[Ponsyano Ngondwe]] ** [[Mukasa Kiriwawanvu]] * [[Mariam Baouardy]], bikira wa [[Wakarmeli Peku]], [[Kanisa Katoliki la Kimelkiti]] (1854-1859, Misri) * [[Onesimo Nesib]], mmisionari [[Mlutheri]] wa [[Waoromo]] (1856-1931, Ethiopia) * [[Daniel Comboni]], askofu Mkatoliki na mwanzilishi (1857-1881, Misri, [[Sudan]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]) * [[Josefina Bakhita]], bikira wa shirika la [[Wakanosa]] (1869-1885, Sudan na Misri) * [[Yakobo Berthieu]], padri na mfiadini wa [[Wajesuiti]] (1875-1896, [[Madagaska]]) * [[Charles de Foucauld]], padri mkaapweke na mfiadini (1858-1916, Algeria) * [[Makari III wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1872-1945, Misri) * [[Habib Girgis]], shemasi wa Kikopti (1876-1951, Misri) * [[Abdel Messih El-Makari]], mmonaki padri wa Kikopti (1892-1963, Misri) * [[Sirili VI wa Aleksandria]], patriarki wa Kanisa la Kikopti (1902-1971, Misri) * [[Yusto El-Antony]], mmonaki wa Kikopti (1910-1976, Misri) * [[Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly]], padri mfiadini wa Kikopti (1918-1978, Misri) * [[Wafiadini wa Kosheh]], (karne ya 20-2000, Misri) * [[Wafiadini Wakopti wa Libya]] (karne ya 20-2015, Misri, Libya) * [[Matthew Ayariga]], mfiadini (karne ya 20-2015, [[Ghana]], Libya) ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} == Marejeo == {{refbegin}} * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/ "Hagiography Circle"] * {{cite book | last = O'Malley | first = Vincent J. | title = Saints wa Africa | url = https://archive.org/details/saintsofafrica0000omal | publisher = Our Sunday Visitor | year = 2001 | ISBN = 0-87973-373-X }} {{refend}} [[Category:Orodha za watu]] [[Category:Watakatifu Wakristo]] [[Category:Watu wa Afrika]] 4hq1p6r8cule4bgu32nyv5jxudwo8z3 0 117801 1595561 1535127 2026-09-09T12:47:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595561 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Жития_Святых_(1903-1911)_-_икона_07161_Савин.png|thumb|Mt. Sabino.]] '''Sabino wa Minya''' (pia: '''Abibus, Phanas''' wa [[Hermopoli]]; [[karne ya 3]] - [[287]] au [[307]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Misri]]<ref>Born to the nobility, he lived in Hermopolis (modern Al-Ashmunayn), Egypt. With other Christians, he retreated into the wilderness to escape the persecutions of Diocletian, but was betrayed to the authorities by a beggar he had helped.</ref>. Baada ya kuteswa kikatili kwa [[imani]] yake, aliuawa kwa kutupwa [[Mto|mtoni]] huko [[Minya]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92505</ref>. Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] [[tarehe]] [[13 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref><ref>https://catholicsaints.info/saint-sabinus-of-egypt/</ref>, lakini pia [[16 Machi]] ([[Waorthodoksi]]) na [[20 Februari]] ([[Wakopti|Wakhufti]]). ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Holweck, F. G. ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 287]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] iu9qeekz12de4eedbm9qnjvyqywvyge 0 118847 1595564 1535427 2026-09-09T13:08:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595564 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coghetti_F._(1868),_Martirio_dei_Santi_Fermo_e_Rustico.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake kilivyochorwa mwaka 1868.]] '''Fermo wa Karthago''' (alifariki [[250]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[mji]] huo wa [[Tunisia]] ya leo aliyeachwa bila [[chakula]] hadi kufa wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Decius]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[3 Agosti]], lakini pia [[9 Agosti]] pamoja na [[Rustiko wa Lambesa]]<ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-firmus-and-rusticus/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Firmus and Rusticus". ''Book of Saints''] 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 August 2016</ref><ref>[http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 Pignot, Matthieu. "Cult of Saints, E03246", University of Oxford]</ref> aliyeuawa miaka 9 hivi baadaye<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65650</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{cita web|http://www.demologia.it/brescia/feste/19berzoinferiore/sglisente.htm|San Fermo in Valle Camonica}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060815084459/http://www.op.org/domcentral/life/martyr08.htm Dominican Martyrology] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 250]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Tunisia]] o0hhkadhso1mgqkt7wtwk8hj3vz6om9 1595567 1595564 2026-09-09T13:15:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1595567 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coghetti_F._(1868),_Martirio_dei_Santi_Fermo_e_Rustico.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake kilivyochorwa mwaka 1868.]] '''Fermo wa Karthago''' (alifariki [[250]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[mji]] huo wa [[Tunisia]] ya leo aliyeachwa bila [[chakula]] hadi kufa wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Decius]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[3 Agosti]], lakini pia [[9 Agosti]] pamoja na [[Rustiko wa Lambesa]]<ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-firmus-and-rusticus/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Firmus and Rusticus". ''Book of Saints''] 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 August 2016</ref><ref>[http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 Pignot, Matthieu. "Cult of Saints, E03246", University of Oxford]</ref> aliyeuawa miaka 9 hivi baadaye<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65650</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.demologia.it/brescia/feste/19berzoinferiore/sglisente.htm San Fermo in Valle Camonica {{it}}] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060815084459/http://www.op.org/domcentral/life/martyr08.htm Dominican Martyrology] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 250]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Tunisia]] 7sdj1n9s6odjre2by4fr4eu683i1opu 0 118848 1595566 1533304 2026-09-09T13:14:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595566 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coghetti_F._(1868),_Martirio_dei_Santi_Fermo_e_Rustico.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''Rustiko wa Lambesa''' (alifariki [[259]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa katika [[mji]] huo (leo nchini [[Algeria]]) wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Valerian]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[9 Agosti]], pengine pamoja na [[Fermo wa Karthago]], aliyefariki miaka 9 ya nyuma <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65650</ref><ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-firmus-and-rusticus/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Firmus and Rusticus". ''Book of Saints''] 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 August 2016</ref><ref>[http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 Pignot, Matthieu. "Cult of Saints, E03246", University of Oxford]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 259]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Algeria]] 23fopiyc1i5c43dwjjqmpzqqfb90jtn 2 120815 1595712 1098548 2026-09-10T09:47:12Z ~2026-49272-22 92257 naomba mabadiliko 1595712 wikitext text/x-wiki <u>'''Joseph Simon Lyaruu'''</u> Joseph Simon Lyaruu alizaliwa mkoani Kilimanjaro wilaya ya Moshi vijijini kata ya Marangu kati kijiji cha Lyamombi mnamo Mwaka 1954. Joseph ana mke mmoja jina lake Atanasia James Temu naye kama Joseph amezaliwa Mkoani Kilimanjaro wilaya ya Moshi vijijini kijiji cha kisangiro karibu na Maua Seminari au Shule ya sekondari Ifati. Wamebarikiwa watoto watano ambapo watatu ni wakiume na wawili wa kike, Majina yao ni Clara, Innocent, Amani na Simon. Clara amezaliwa mwaka 1983, Innocent mwaka 1987, Amani mwaka 1991 na Simon 1995. j0uh8pivs80mb1y3pfssu22a4j4dl2x 1595730 1595712 2026-09-10T09:52:48Z ~2026-49272-22 92257 mabadiliko 1595730 wikitext text/x-wiki <u>'''Joseph Simon'''</u> Joseph Simon alizaliwa mkoani Mwanza wilaya ya Mwanza vijijini kata ya Mangu kati kijiji cha Lyamo mnamo Mwaka 1924. Joseph ana mke mmoja jina lake Asia James naye kama Joseph amezaliwa Mkoani mwanza wilaya ya Mwanza vijijini kijiji cha Isingiro karibu na Mavua Seminari au Shule ya sekondari Fiat. Wamebarikiwa watoto wawili ambapo wawili ni wakiume na mmoja wa kike, Majina yao ni sara, Amos na Samwel. sara amezaliwa mwaka 1973, amos mwaka 1987, samwel mwaka 1991 dv1z9komrg55v6gmq16pbxc3t6q7ha2 1595736 1595730 2026-09-10T10:15:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-49272-22|~2026-49272-22]] ([[User talk:~2026-49272-22|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Lyaruu|Lyaruu]] 1098548 wikitext text/x-wiki <u>'''Joseph Simon Lyaruu'''</u> Joseph Simon Lyaruu alizaliwa mkoani Kilimanjaro wilaya ya Moshi vijijini kata ya Marangu kati kijiji cha Lyamombi mnamo Mwaka 1954. Joseph ana mke mmoja jina lake Atanasia James Temu naye kama Joseph amezaliwa Mkoani Kilimanjaro wilaya ya Moshi vijijini kijiji cha kisangiro karibu na Maua Seminari au Shule ya sekondari Ifati. Wamebarikiwa watoto watano ambapo watatu ni wakiume na wawili wa kike, Majina yao ni Clara, Innocent, Cecilia, Amani na Simon. Clara amezaliwa mwaka 1983, Innocent mwaka 1987, Cecilia mwaka1989, Amani mwaka 1991 na Simon 1995. 21731cvc81fnggsxv9geezkbtywun27 0 124492 1595568 1536124 2026-09-09T13:24:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595568 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint lucien de beauvais.JPG|thumb|[[Sanamu]] ya Mt. Lusiani katika [[mavazi]] ya [[askofu]]<ref name="catho60.cef.fr"/>.]] '''Lusiani, Masimiani na Juliani''' (walifariki [[290]] hivi) walikuwa [[mmisionari]] kutoka [[Roma]] waliotumwa katikati ya [[karne ya 3]] [[Uinjilishaji|kuinjilisha]] eneo la [[Beauvais]], katika [[Galia]] (leo [[Ufaransa]]), na wanafunzi wake 2 <ref name="catho60.cef.fr">[http://catho60.cef.fr/histoire/temoins/Saint_Lucien/st-lucien.htm St Lucien - 1er Evêque du Beauvaisis<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204021635/http://catho60.cef.fr/histoire/temoins/Saint_Lucien/st-lucien.htm |date=2007-12-04 }}</ref> . Huko walifia [[dini]] ya [[Ukristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Martyrologium Romanum]] ilikuwa <ref>[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100117807 Farmer, David. '' The Oxford Dictionary of Saints'', 5th ed., OUP, 2011] {{ISBN|9780199596607}}</ref> inataja [[tarehe]] [[8 Januari]] kwa [[sikukuu]] yao. [[Waorthodoksi]] wanawaheshimu pia tarehe [[3 Juni]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. {{ISBN|0-14-051312-4}}. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0108.shtml#luci Saints of January 8: Lucian of Beauvais] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807124729/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0108.shtml#luci |date=7 August 2014 }} *{{fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20071204021635/http://catho60.cef.fr/histoire/temoins/Saint_Lucien/st-lucien.htm Saint Lucien: Apôtre du Beauvaisis, 1er Evêque et Patron principal du diocèse] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Category:Waliofariki 290]] [[Jamii:Wamisionari]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] 380rilv6wlg3tp6mdkjvr2bbospgpzq 0 131018 1595743 1537492 2026-09-10T10:51:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[León (Hispania)|León]], [[Hispania]], [[304]] hivi) walikuwa [[askari]] [[Wakristo]] ambao waliuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Dioklesyano]]<ref>{{es}}[https://mercaba.org/SANTORAL/Vida/10/10-30_santos_marcelo_claudio.htm Santos Marcelo, Claudio Lupercio y Voctorico.]</ref><ref>{{es}}[https://books.google.es/books?id=uADtmd12yX8C&lpg=PA106&ots=8pqUlzsdpN&dq=Claudio,%20Luperc%20y%20Victori&hl=es&pg=PA106#v=onepage&q=Claudio%2C%20Luperc%20y%20Victori&f=false Carrillo Martín (1634), ''Anales cronologicos del mundo'', en el Hospital Real y General de Nuestra Señora de Gracia.]</ref> <ref>{{it}}http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/61000</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[30 Oktoba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 304]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] 798clyk13eyjpvaep1nfc48ncu83rvo 0 131748 1595562 1536423 2026-09-09T12:56:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595562 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sains-en-Amiénois_église_tombeau_(partie_supérieure).jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] zao juu ya [[kaburi|makaburi]] yao.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (pia: '''Victoricus, Victorice, Victoric''' na '''Fuscian, Fulcian, Fulcien, Fuscien'''; walifariki [[Amiens]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[287]] hivi) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] wa [[mji]] [[Amiens|huo]] waliofia [[dini]] yao kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/81010</ref>. Inasemekana walitokea [[Roma]], [[Italia]] kama [[wamisionari]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], pengine pamoja na Gensyano (pia: Gentian au Gentien)<ref>''The Golden Legend or Lives of the Saints by William Caxton (Vol. One). '' Reprinted. (Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College, 1973), 130.</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[11 Desemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fusciano-e-vittorico-santi/ ''Treccani.it'' {{it}} *[http://www.mcah.columbia.edu/Mcahweb/facade/body.html Stephen Murray, The Portals: Access to Redemption] {{en}} * [http://www.magnificat.ca/cal/fran/12-11.htm Saint Victoric et Saint Fuscien] {{fr}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217153041/http://magnificat.ca/cal/fran/12-11.htm |date=2010-12-17 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:waliofariki 287]] [[Jamii:wamisionari]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] foeqeofrbwrcwn0ps00v750ajwalxvw 0 133584 1595555 1537475 2026-09-09T12:01:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Aquileia]], leo nchini [[Italia]], [[284]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] ambao waliuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Numerian|Numeriani]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147</ref>. Hilari alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa Aquileia<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Hilary of Aquileia |url=https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_hilary_of_aquileia |website=saintforaminute |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref> kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[276]] na Tasyani anasemekana alikuwa [[shemasi]] wake. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], pengine pamoja na Felisi, Largo na Dionisi. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[16 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-hilary-of-aquileia/ Saints SPQN: Hilary of Aquileia] {{en}} * [http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/h/hilarius_v_a.shtml BBKL: Hilarius von Aquileia] {{de}} * [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147 Santi e Beati] {{it}} * [http://www.friul.net/dizionario_biografico/index.php?id=2057&x=1 Dizionario biografico friulano] {{it}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 284]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 5y5iectbme3bm1rlixvxcbty50p2ri7 1595557 1595555 2026-09-09T12:11:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jožef_Tominc_-_Marija_s_svetniki_II.jpg|thumb|Watakatifu Hilari na Tasyani walivyochorwa pamoja na [[Bikira Maria]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Aquileia]], leo nchini [[Italia]], [[284]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] ambao waliuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Numerian|Numeriani]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147</ref>. Hilari alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa Aquileia<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Hilary of Aquileia |url=https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_hilary_of_aquileia |website=saintforaminute |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref> kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[276]] na Tasyani anasemekana alikuwa [[shemasi]] wake. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], pengine pamoja na Felisi, Largo na Dionisi. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[16 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-hilary-of-aquileia/ Saints SPQN: Hilary of Aquileia] {{en}} * [http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/h/hilarius_v_a.shtml BBKL: Hilarius von Aquileia] {{de}} * [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147 Santi e Beati] {{it}} * [http://www.friul.net/dizionario_biografico/index.php?id=2057&x=1 Dizionario biografico friulano] {{it}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 284]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] e52wg0rp99cmtn511lmbjr46v3is9s2 1595639 1595557 2026-09-10T02:00:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jožef_Tominc_-_Marija_s_svetniki_II.jpg|thumb|Watakatifu Hilari na Tasyani walivyochorwa pamoja na [[Bikira Maria]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Aquileia]], leo nchini [[Italia]], [[284]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] ambao waliuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Numerian|Numeriani]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147</ref>. Hilari alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa Aquileia<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Hilary of Aquileia |url=https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_hilary_of_aquileia |website=saintforaminute |access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref> kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[276]] na Tasyani anasemekana alikuwa [[shemasi]] wake. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], pengine pamoja na Felisi, Largo na Dionisi. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[16 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-hilary-of-aquileia/ Saints SPQN: Hilary of Aquileia] {{en}} * [http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/h/hilarius_v_a.shtml BBKL: Hilarius von Aquileia] {{de}} * [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147 Santi e Beati] {{it}} * [http://www.friul.net/dizionario_biografico/index.php?id=2057&x=1 Dizionario biografico friulano] {{Wayback|url=http://www.friul.net/dizionario_biografico/index.php?id=2057&x=1 |date=20220223044633 }} {{it}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 284]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] frggss98ylo7w5re7440uyqu8q8epj5 0 147380 1595672 1519431 2026-09-10T08:02:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Verónica Reina''' ( 15 Juni 1964 – 27 [[Oktoba]] [[2017]] ) alikuwa mwanasaikolojia wa elimu wa [[Argentina]] na mwanaharakati ambaye alifanya kampeni kimataifa kwa ajili ya haki za walemavu . Akiwakilisha Muungano wa Kimataifa wa Ulemavu na Maendeleo, alikuwa mchangiaji mkuu wa mazungumzo kuhusu Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Haki za Watu Wenye Ulemavu . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2017/11/maria-veronica-reina.html|title=Dear Colleague and former director of BBI international programs, Maria Veronica Reina, Passes Away in Argentina|publisher=Burton Blatt Institute|date=31 October 2017|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=|archive-date=2017-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213052213/http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2017/11/maria-veronica-reina.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/news/news/passing-of-ms-maria-veronica-reina-a-disability-rights-leader.html|title=Passing of Ms Maria Veronica Reina|publisher=United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Disability|date=31 October 2017|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=}}</ref> == Maisha ya zamani == Mzaliwa wa Argentina mnamo [[15 Juni]] [[1964]], Maria Verónica Reina alikuwa mlemavu kutokana na ajali ya gari akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 alipokuwa mwaka wa mwisho shuleni. Baada ya muda wa kulazwa hospitalini, hata hivyo aliweza kumaliza shule. Alitarajia kuwa mwalimu lakini alikataliwa kujiunga na masomo ya elimu kwa kuwa walemavu hawakuidhinishwa kufundisha nchini [[Argentina]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://rollingplanet.net/ich-bin-anders-aber-gleich-3-maria-veronica-reina-argentinienusa/|title=Ich bin anders, aber gleich (3): Maria Veronica Reina, Argentinien/USA|publisher=Rolling Planet|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=German|archivedate=2020-03-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314175807/https://rollingplanet.net/ich-bin-anders-aber-gleich-3-maria-veronica-reina-argentinienusa/}}</ref> Alifanikiwa kushinda matatizo haya kwa kuchagua saikolojia ya elimu, na kuhitimu kutoka Universidad Católica de Santa Fe (Chuo Kikuu cha Kikatoliki cha Santa Fe) katika Elimu Maalum ya Muunganisho wa Shule. Aliendelea na kupata shahada ya uzamili katika Kujifunza na Kufundisha kwa Wazi na Masafa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Elimu ya Umbali cha [[Uhispania]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2017/11/maria-veronica-reina.html|title=Dear Colleague and former director of BBI international programs, Maria Veronica Reina, Passes Away in Argentina|publisher=Burton Blatt Institute|date=31 October 2017|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=|archive-date=2017-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213052213/http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2017/11/maria-veronica-reina.html|url-status=dead}}[http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2017/11/maria-veronica-reina.html "Dear Colleague and former director of BBI international programs, Maria Veronica Reina, Passes Away in Argentina"] {{Wayback|url=http://bbi.syr.edu/news_events/news/2017/11/maria-veronica-reina.html |date=20171213052213 }}. Burton Blatt Institute. 31 October 2017</ref> == Kazi == Reina aliendeleza uzoefu wa kufanya kazi katika taasisi mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na Taasisi ya Chuo Kikuu cha San Martin huko [[Rosario]], Argentina; Shirika la Watu Wenye Ulemavu la Argentina, Cilsa; Kituo cha Urekebishaji wa Kimataifa, [[Chicago]] (1997); <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/36-4111895|title=Center for International Rehabilitation|publisher=GuideStar|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=}}</ref> Taasisi ya Utetezi wa Kimataifa wa Walemavu; Taasisi ya Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa na Maendeleo ; Taasisi ya Kimataifa ya Utetezi wa Walemavu; na Kituo cha Urekebishaji wa Kimataifa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2008/01/29/global-disability-and-poverty-efforts-get-key-boost-from-agreement-between-sus-burton-blatt-institute-and-world-bank/|title=[Syracuse University News] Global disability and poverty efforts get key boost from agreement between SU’s Burton Blatt Institute and World Bank|publisher=Syracuse University|date=29 January 2008|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wecando.wordpress.com/tag/institute-for-international-cooperation-and-development/|title=World Bank, Syracuse U. Join Forces Against Poverty Among Disabled People|publisher=We Can Do|date=2 February 2008|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=}}</ref> Alihudumu kama mkurugenzi wa miradi ya kimataifa kwenye Taasisi ya Burton Blatt ya Chuo Kikuu cha Syracuse (BBI) huko [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] kutoka [[2006.]] Mnamo [[2008]], kwa msaada wa BBI na [[Benki ya Dunia]], aliteuliwa kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kwanza wa Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa wa Ulemavu na Maendeleo. Ushirikiano huo ulilenga kukuza ujumuishaji wa watu wenye ulemavu kwenye sera na vitendo kupitia mashirika ya maendeleo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2008/01/29/global-disability-and-poverty-efforts-get-key-boost-from-agreement-between-sus-burton-blatt-institute-and-world-bank/|title=[Syracuse University News] Global disability and poverty efforts get key boost from agreement between SU’s Burton Blatt Institute and World Bank|publisher=Syracuse University|date=29 January 2008|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=}}[https://news.syr.edu/blog/2008/01/29/global-disability-and-poverty-efforts-get-key-boost-from-agreement-between-sus-burton-blatt-institute-and-world-bank/ "&#x5B;Syracuse University News&#x5D; Global disability and poverty efforts get key boost from agreement between SU's Burton Blatt Institute and World Bank"]. Syracuse University. 29 January 2008 Retrieved</ref> Alikuwa mshiriki haswa katika Kamati ya Ad Hoc ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ya Mkataba wa Walemavu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wecando.wordpress.com/tag/institute-for-international-cooperation-and-development/|title=World Bank, Syracuse U. Join Forces Against Poverty Among Disabled People|publisher=We Can Do|date=2 February 2008|accessdate=10 March 2020|language=}}[https://wecando.wordpress.com/tag/institute-for-international-cooperation-and-development/ "World Bank, Syracuse U. Join Forces Against Poverty Among Disabled People"]. We Can Do. 2 February 2008</ref> == Marejeleo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Argentina]] l7qci7l40hnabs5m7zroti1p89c6r9e 0 164308 1595622 1429646 2026-09-09T17:23:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Central Bank of Kenya (1743419355).jpg|thumb|Benki Kuu ya Kenya, Nairobi]] [[Faili:Bank of Tanzania golden hour.jpg|thumb|Benki Kuu ya Tanzania, Dar es Salaam]] '''Benki kuu''' ni [[taasisi]] inayosimamia [[Sarafu (mfumo)|mfumo wa sarafu]] na sera za [[pesa]] ya nchi au nchi zenye [[muungano wa kifedha]], <ref> Compare: {{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlkEBgAAQBAJ| title = Evolution of Central Banking?: De Nederlandsche Bank 1814–1852|last=Uittenbogaard|first=Roland| date = 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319106175|location=Cham (Switzerland)|page=4|quote=Although it is difficult to define central banking,&nbsp;... a functional definition is most useful.&nbsp;... Capie et al. (1994) define a central bank as the government's bank, the monopoly note issuer and lender of last resort.|access-date=3 February 2019}} </ref> na kusimamia mfumo wa [[Benki|benki za biashara]]. Tofauti na benki ya biashara, benki kuu ina [[uhodhisoko]] wa kuongeza kiasi cha pesa. Katika nchi nyingi benki kuu huwa na [[mamlaka]] ya usimamizi na udhibiti ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa benki za biashara na kuzuia [[tabia]] ya [[uzembe]] au [[ulaghai]] inayofanywa na benki inayosimamiwa nayo. Katika [[Taifa|mataifa]] [[nchi iliyoendelea|mengi yaliyoendelea]], benki kuu huwa na kiwango kikubwa cha [[uhuru]] katika utekelezaji wa shughuli bila kuingiliwa na [[siasa]]. <ref>David Fielding, "Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Developing Countries" in ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'' (Springer, 2016), p. 405: "The current norm in OECD countries is an institutionally independent central bank&nbsp;... In recent years some non-OECD countries have introduced&nbsp;... a degree of central bank independence and accountability."</ref> <ref>{{Rejea jarida| date = Machi 2007| title = Public governance of central banks: an approach from new institutional economics|url=https://www.bis.org/publ/work299.pdf|journal=The Bulletin of the Faculty of Commerce|volume=89|issue=4|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.bis.org/publ/work299.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu| title = Central Banking Systems Compared: The ECB, The Pre-Euro Bundesbank and the Federal Reserve System|last=Apel|first=Emmanuel| date = Novemba 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415459228|page=14|chapter=1}}</ref> Hata hivyo, udhibiti fulani wa [[serikali]] au [[bunge]] upo. <ref> {{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_14986.htm| title = Ownership and independence of FED|accessdate=29 September 2013}} </ref> <ref>[[Deutsche Bundesbank#Governance]]</ref> == Shughuli za benki kuu == Kazi za benki kuu kawaida ni pamoja na: * '''Sera ya pesa:''' kwa kuamulia [[Riba|kiwango rasmi cha riba]] na kudhibiti usambazaji wa pesa ; * '''Utulivu wa kifedha:''' kufanya kazi kama [[benki]] ya serikali na benki ya mabenki ("mkopeshaji wa ngazi ya mwisho "); * '''Usimamizi wa akiba:''' kusimamia fedha za kigeni na akiba ya dhahabu na hati fungani za serikali ; * '''Usimamizi wa benki:''' kudhibiti na kusimamia [[Benki|tasnia ya benki]] ; * '''Mfumo wa malipo''' : kusimamia au kusimamia njia za malipo na mifumo baina ya benki; * '''Utoaji wa sarafu na noti;''' * '''Kazi zingine''' za benki kuu zinaweza kujumuisha utafiti wa kiuchumi, ukusanyaji wa takwimu, usimamizi wa miradi ya dhamana ya amana, ushauri kwa serikali katika sera ya kifedha. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == ** [http://www.bis.org/cbanks.htm List of central bank websites at the Bank for International Settlements] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bis.org/cbanks.htm |date=20210207192255 }} ** [http://www.ijcb.org/ ''International Journal of Central Banking''] ** [http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pf.htm "The Federal Reserve System: Purposes and Functions"] – A publication of the U.S. [[:en:Federal_Reserve|Federal Reserve]], describing its role in the macroeconomy ** {{Rejea kitabu|url=http://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap09a.pdf| title = A Hundred Ways to Skin a Cat: Comparing Monetary Policy Operating Procedures in the United States, Japan and the Euro Area|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap09a.pdf|archive-date=2022-10-09|url-status=live}}&nbsp;{{small|(176&nbsp;KB)}} – C E V Borio, Bank for International Settlements, Basel {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Benki]] 9rjj6h7zqdoryczhqi72elwla8xsp4n 3 184301 1595612 1595531 2026-09-09T16:25:51Z Don Malya 61486 /* Kigezo kipya */ Jibu 1595612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 14 Julai 2024 (UTC) == Pitia Marekebisho == Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila naomba upitie makala zako jinsi zilivyorekebishwa ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Hasa usiache makala bila vyanzo, walau kimoja! Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 12:10, 10 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :Mojawapo ni kuweka katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili marejeo kwenda Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Hii haikubaliki. Badala yake weka marejeo asili yaliyotumika katika toleo la Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:07, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Kwa kuwa husikii, nimekusimamisha kwa siku 1 upate nafasi ya kupitia marekebisho tuliyofanyia makala zako za harakaharaka. Hivyo utajifunza kutunga kurasa za maana. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:28, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :::Ndugu, lebo ya mbegu iwekwe baada ya ile ya reflist. Naomba urekebishe makala zako. Asante! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:45, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::Pia, marejesho kutoka Wikipedia nyingine hayatakiwi kamwe! Tazama makala yako ya mwisho. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::sawa nafanyia kazi asanteh. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:22, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::Ndugu Naona unasahau kuweka jamii za muhimu kwenye makala zako mfano makala ya [[Lucia Basson]] ulipaswa kuweka jamii kama '''Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia''', lakini maka zote auweki, zingatia jamii. Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 03:42, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::::asante, nafanyia marekebisho makala nilizosahau kuweka jamii kuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:08, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Mradi wa Nchi == Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:09, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Kwa vyovyote, Kongo ni jina la hakika, isipokuwa la nchi mbili tofauti. Ukiandika makala kuhusu watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, tafadhali usiandike tu Kongo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:17, 26 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Asante kwa kunisikiliza, ila ingekuwa vizuri kama ungeweka katika mabano <nowiki>[[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]</nowiki>, si Kongo tu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:13, 27 Mei 2026 (UTC) ==Mito== Ndugu, unapoongeza taarifa katika makala zilizopo, uwe makini zaidi usifute zile zilizopo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:46, 13 Juni 2026 (UTC) :asante kwa maelekezo, nafanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 13 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Viungo vya ndani == Hujambo! Epuka kuanza makala bila viungo kwa kurasa nyingine (dead end pages). Ili kuongeza viungo, tumia [[ ]]. Hii husaidia kurahisisha usomaji na kufanya makala iwe rahisi kupatikana. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:48, 17 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Ulikuwa unafanya vizuri, lakini sasa unazidi kulipua ilimradi upate tuzo. Si ustaarabu. Uwe makini zaidi. Angalia nilivyosahihisha walau kidogo baadhi ya kurasa zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:13, 17 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::Nimefanya marekebisho makala zote nilizoandika kwa makosa, Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:41, 17 Juni 2026 (UTC) ==Kufuta maboresho yangu== Ndugu, leo umerejesha mara mbili maboresho yangu. Unajiamini mno! Huoni kwamba mtu aliyefariki mwaka 2015 akiwa na umri wa miaka 26 alizaliwa karne ya 20? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) :Samahani sana, nilikuwa nafanya marekebisho nilipokosea, sijapitia mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni uliyoyafanya. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:49, 20 Julai 2026 (UTC) ==Jamii== Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila naomba katika jamii uweke nchi ya wahusika. <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waamuzi]]</nowiki> ilianzishwa kwa Waamuzi wa [[Biblia ya Kiebrania]], si wa kriketi... Sio mbaya, wale wa Biblia nitawahamishia jamii mpya. Lakini ingefaa uandike nchi ya waamuzi hao, kwa mfano: <nowiki>[[Jamii:Waamuzi wa Sri Lanka]]</nowiki> au kuongeza <nowiki>[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Sri Lanka]]</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:27, 5 Septemba 2026 (UTC) :Asante. Nimekuelewa nalifanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:23, 6 Septemba 2026 (UTC) ==Kigezo kipya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanzisha kigezo cha mbegu za wachezaji wa kriketi, lakini nadhani waamuzi si wachezaji. Hivyo kitumike kwa wachezaji tu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:56, 9 Septemba 2026 (UTC) :Asante. Naanzisha kigezo cha waamuzi ili niweze kukitumia kwa ajili ya waamuzi wa kriketi tu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Don Malya|Don Malya]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Don Malya#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:25, 9 Septemba 2026 (UTC) q73l6vyyy5yemkp6dhjzs6nlh6sa9jf 3 190990 1595718 1593667 2026-09-10T09:48:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Kupitia masahihisho */ 1595718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:47, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Masahihisho Katika makala == Habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] na kupongeza kwa kujitahidi kuhariri katika wikipedia yetu ya kiswahili, Nasisitiza kupitia masahihisho yanayofanywa na wakaguzi kwenye makala zako ili kuepuka kurudia makosa yaleyale kila mara. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 08:57, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Asante, ndugu Justine Msechu naomba msaada wakunielewesha zaidi juu ya hayo masahihisho ili niweze kutungeneza makala bora zaidi.Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:53, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::Ukienda kwenye makala husika Uliyoianzisha upande wa kulia juu kuna mahali pameandikwa <big>View history </big>apo utaona ni watu wangambi wamerekebisha makala yako na ni nini hasa wamebadilisha chukulia mfano link hii (https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyle_Porter&action=history) '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 13:25, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::Ndugu naona bado unarudia makosa yaleyale, embu fwatilia masahihisho yanayofanywa ilikujifunza zaidi, ama kama bado kunakitu uelewi wasiliana nami kupitia barua pepe yangu ili tuelekezane zaidi. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 09:05, 23 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Shida bado ileile. Angalia masahihisho tunayolazimisha kukufanyia. Kwa nini usiweke mabano unapoweka tarehe ya kuzaliwa mwanzoni? Kwa nini uache tarehe nje ya mwezi wake? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:06, 24 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::::Kwa kuwa husikii wala kujibu, nakuzuia kwa siku 1 kwanza. Ni kama unafanya makosa kwa makusudi ili kutusumbua sisi kuyasahihisha. Unapoweka siku ya mwezi katika mabano kiungo kinaleta mwaka! Kwa mfano 26 Julai, inasoma 26 ni mwaka 26 BK. Jaribu kuona. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 27 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::Habari, Samahani kwa kurudia makosa kwa kutokuelewa kwangu mimi ni mgeni katika kuhariri makala ninajitahidi kujirekebisha naomba kuondolewa zuio nililo wekewa . Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:28, 28 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::::::Mbona zuio lilikuwa la siku moja tu? Uko huru kuendelea na uchangiaji, tena tunakushukuru. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:07, 29 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::::Asante nashukuru '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 29 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::::::::Naona maendeleo, ila wanaume usiwaweke katika jamii ya wachezaji wanawake! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:59, 2 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::::::Wanamuziki kawaida si wachezaji mpira! Usiwawekee kigezo:mbegu-cheza-mpira ila kigezo:mbegu-mwanamuziki. Vilevile katika jamii. Pia uelewe kigezo <nowiki>{{BD}}</nowiki>. Ni hivi: <nowiki>{{BD|Mwaka wa kuzaliwa, yaani, 1958|usiweke kitu - ila kama mtu kafa weka mwaka aliokufa, yaani, 2009}}</nowiki> Chumba cha kwanza mwaka wa kuzaliwa tu Chumba cha pili mwaka aliokufa ANGALIZO Usiweke jamii yoyote kama vile: "waliozaliwa", "waliofariki", na "watu walio hai". Ukiweka <nowiki>{{BD|1950|}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "watu walio hai". <nowiki>{{BD|1950|2012}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "waliofariki 2012". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:29, 5 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :habari ndugu hongera na uandishi kuwa makina punguza mwendo kuna makala hujaandika kitu ndani na umechapicha bila kitu [[Bruce Cockburn]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::asante kwa kurekebisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 08:07, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :::Pongezi kwa kwenda kasi na kwa kukwepa makosa ya awali, ila bado kuna hatua nyingine: kwa mfano kuacha Kiingereza katika kichwa cha makala (singer, musicians, n.k.). Kweli hujui kutafsiri maneno hayo? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:19, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Ukurasa wa mtumiaji == Mpendwa Christina, Inashauriwa kuunda ukurasa wa mtumiaji ili kufahamiana zaidi. Karibu sana na pongezi kwa kazi nyingi. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 05:43, 11 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Bonnie Zimmerman]] == Ni kheri ungeendelea na makala zako fupifupi zinakuwa hazina kokoro. Kitendo cha kuandika full length article with that kind of uharibifu kwa kweli it's completely unacceptable. Usitumie mashine kwa makala ndefu inaleta mkanganyiko mkubwa wa kisarufi. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:53, 22 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Makala fupi sana zisizo onyesha umuhimu == Mpendwa Christina, Inashauriwa kuandika makala ndefu kidogo zinazo onyesha maana ya ulichokiandika au umuhumu acha kuandika makala fupi, sio bora. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 15:57, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Jihae Kim == Hi Christina, you have created the article [[Jihae]]. You give her year of birth as 1974 with an archived Variety article from Wayback Machine ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180714170032/https://variety.com/2016/tv/features/singer-multimedia-artist-jihae-mars-1201907376/ here]) as the source. However it seems that this article from 2016 has never mentioned her date of birth and gave her age at the time as 27, supporting her current claim to have been born in 1989. I ''do know'' that 1974 is her correct date of birth - but do you maybe know another, citable source for this, please? --'''[[Mtumiaji:KnightMove|KnightMove]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KnightMove|majadiliano]])''' 19:50, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mwanasiasa== Dada, mtu anaweza kuwa mwanasiasa, si siasa! Usibadilishe vigezo ovyo, tafadhali! Amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:21, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Habari , samahani sijaelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:36, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ::Yaani katika makala juu ya mtu fulani uliweka kigezo:mbegu-siasa. Nilikisahihisha kwa kuandika kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa. Kumbe ukakirudisha kuwa kigezo:mbegu-siasa. Labda hukutambua ulichofanya. Lakini unaendelea kutunga makala za watu kwa kuweka chini kigezo:mbegu-siasa. Sahihi ni kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa. Tena, kama ni Mtanzania ni afadhali uweke kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania, ni kama ni Mkenya uweke kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya mradi tuna vigezo vya pekee vilivyoboreshwa jana. Endelea na juhudi zako, tafadhali. Kwa jumla unakwenda vizuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:21, 19 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :::Kwa kweli anahitaji pongezi kwa juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 12:29, 19 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :::Habari, asante kwakunielewesha sikuwa nimeelewa masahihisho ila ulivyonijuza ndipo nikakagua nakutambua wapi nilipokosea... Asante na .Samahani sana . '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:54, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Tuzo - Kuanzisha Makala mpya == [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kuanzisha makala mpya! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 12:32, 19 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Habari, Asante yakushukuru. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:49, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Dada, hongera sana kwa maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo usichoke kujifunza zaidi, hasa kwa kupitia mabadiliko ya makala zako mpya tunayoyafanya. Kwa mfano, ni vizuri unapoweka <nowiki>{{mbegu-mwanasiasa}}</nowiki> kwa Mkenya uiongeze na kuandika <nowiki>{{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya}}</nowiki>. Ni vilevile kwa Mtanzania. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) :Habari,Asante kushukuru ... Nikutakie kazi njema na siku njema Amani Itawale '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:39, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::Dada, tafadhali tumia tahajia Moroko badala ya Morocco. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::Habari,samahani kiongozi unazungumzia nibadili kwenye makala nzima au. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:24, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::Yaani tahajia ya Kiswahili ni Moroko, ya Kiingereza ni Morocco. Katika jamii unatumia Moroko, lakini katika makala yenyewe umetumia mara nyingi Morocco. Sasa kwenda kubadilisha katika makala zote ni kazi kubwa. Ndiyo sababu nimekushtua. Asante kwa ushirikiano! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::::asante nashukuru, Nafurahi sana pale unaponirekebisha. Nisamehe na pia usinichoke maana ndio nayidi kujifunza taratibu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:04, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::::habari , samahani nimerekebisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:44, 29 Machi 2026 (UTC) ==Jamii== Dada, unapoweka jamii uwe makini zaidi. Watu wote wa Kanada unawawekea <nowiki>[[jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]]</nowiki>... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:25, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Hujasoma hayo? Mbona unaendelea kuita waimbaji watu wasio na sifa hiyo? Natarajia utarekebisha makala zako za karibuni kuhusu watu wa Kanada. Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Habari, samahani sijaelewa naiwekaje ikiwa hivyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::sawa samahani pia nimepitea ulizosahihisha nikapata mwangaza wa unachonielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:22, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ==Kupitia masahihisho== Dada, pamoja na kuendelea kwa bidii, naomba upitie masahihisho yangu: mambo mengi ni yaleyale: kwa mfano, unaweka "amezaliwa" kwa mtu aliyekwishakufa! Pia French Canadian maana yake ni Mkanada anayetumia Kifaransa, si mtu wa Ufaransa na Kanada. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:35, 19 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Tafadhali, dada, usinipotezee muda mwingi kurekebisha yaleyale... Angalia masahihisho ya makala zako ili ujifunze zaidi, la sivyo itanibidi kukusimamisha kidogo kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:32, 27 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::Habari, Pole nna hongera kwa kazi. samahani najitahidi kuwa makini kiongozi wangu na kujikagua dah nisamehe tu kiongozi... nisamehe mimi maana sijuii hata kwanini nisamehe mimi '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:30, 27 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :::Pole kwa kutoelewa. Nilitoa mfano mmoja hapo juu: ukisema "fulani amezaliwa" maana yake bado yu hai. Sahihi ni kusema "alizaliwa". Lakini mwanzoni, karibu na jina, tunapoweka mabano hatuandiki kwamba alizaliwa na alifariki, ila tunaweza tarehe zake tu. Halafu baada ya tarehe hatuwezi mkato kabla ya mwaka. Pia pengine katika jamii unaweza "mwigizaji filamu wa Kanada", kumbe alizaliwa huko, lakini makala inasema ni raia wa Uingereza au Marekani... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:12, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::::habari. Hongera na poule na kazi, asante na samahani mimi nilijua ni kwenye marejeo kumbe ni kenye kuandika makala mwanzo kabisa. ::::hi bado sijaelewa [["mwigizaji filamu wa Kanada", kumbe alizaliwa huko, lakini makala inasema ni raia wa Uingereza au Marekani...]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:13, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :::::Usiogope: kuuliza si ujinga! Umetengeneza kurasa nyingi kuhusu watu wa Kanada, lakini baadhi yao hawakuwa raia wa nchi hiyo, labda walizaliwa huko au walifanya kazi huko. Basi, katika jamii uandike nchi za uraia wao. Pia mara nyingine uliandika katika jamii kwamba ni mwigizaji filamu, kumbe ni mwanamuziki. Kazi njema na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::::::sawa naomba niendelee kuandika nikirekebisha. nisamehe na usinichokee '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :::::::Habari ndugu hongera na pole nimekusaidia kurekebisha makala uliyo anzisha [[Georgie Collins]] na umeandika kifupi sana na umetaja tu tarehe yakuzaliwa na mahali anapoishi pamoja na kazi hata sentensi haieleweki unapochagua kuanzisha makala jitahidi kuandika kitu msomaji mwingine akisoma aweze kuelewa , amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 09:47, 31 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::::::::asante kushukuru '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 31 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Dada, naona hatujaelewana kuhusu mabano ya mwanzoni mwa makala ya mtu. Kama hajafa, tunaandika "amezaliwa" kabla ya tarehe au mwaka, ila kama ameshafariki, ni wazi kwamba tarehe ya kwanza ni ya kuzaliwa, na ya pili ni ya kufariki, hivi hatuandiki "alizaliwa" wala "amefariki". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) qkcv3ujdfr16qgiwp7zcbr0ih1u1ub4 1595731 1595718 2026-09-10T09:53:52Z Christina Charles 71406 /* Kupitia masahihisho */ Jibu 1595731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:47, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC) == Masahihisho Katika makala == Habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] na kupongeza kwa kujitahidi kuhariri katika wikipedia yetu ya kiswahili, Nasisitiza kupitia masahihisho yanayofanywa na wakaguzi kwenye makala zako ili kuepuka kurudia makosa yaleyale kila mara. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 08:57, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Asante, ndugu Justine Msechu naomba msaada wakunielewesha zaidi juu ya hayo masahihisho ili niweze kutungeneza makala bora zaidi.Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:53, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::Ukienda kwenye makala husika Uliyoianzisha upande wa kulia juu kuna mahali pameandikwa <big>View history </big>apo utaona ni watu wangambi wamerekebisha makala yako na ni nini hasa wamebadilisha chukulia mfano link hii (https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyle_Porter&action=history) '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 13:25, 21 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::Ndugu naona bado unarudia makosa yaleyale, embu fwatilia masahihisho yanayofanywa ilikujifunza zaidi, ama kama bado kunakitu uelewi wasiliana nami kupitia barua pepe yangu ili tuelekezane zaidi. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 09:05, 23 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Shida bado ileile. Angalia masahihisho tunayolazimisha kukufanyia. Kwa nini usiweke mabano unapoweka tarehe ya kuzaliwa mwanzoni? Kwa nini uache tarehe nje ya mwezi wake? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:06, 24 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::::Kwa kuwa husikii wala kujibu, nakuzuia kwa siku 1 kwanza. Ni kama unafanya makosa kwa makusudi ili kutusumbua sisi kuyasahihisha. Unapoweka siku ya mwezi katika mabano kiungo kinaleta mwaka! Kwa mfano 26 Julai, inasoma 26 ni mwaka 26 BK. Jaribu kuona. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 27 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::Habari, Samahani kwa kurudia makosa kwa kutokuelewa kwangu mimi ni mgeni katika kuhariri makala ninajitahidi kujirekebisha naomba kuondolewa zuio nililo wekewa . Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:28, 28 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::::::Mbona zuio lilikuwa la siku moja tu? Uko huru kuendelea na uchangiaji, tena tunakushukuru. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:07, 29 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::::Asante nashukuru '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 29 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::::::::Naona maendeleo, ila wanaume usiwaweke katika jamii ya wachezaji wanawake! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:59, 2 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::::::Wanamuziki kawaida si wachezaji mpira! Usiwawekee kigezo:mbegu-cheza-mpira ila kigezo:mbegu-mwanamuziki. Vilevile katika jamii. Pia uelewe kigezo <nowiki>{{BD}}</nowiki>. Ni hivi: <nowiki>{{BD|Mwaka wa kuzaliwa, yaani, 1958|usiweke kitu - ila kama mtu kafa weka mwaka aliokufa, yaani, 2009}}</nowiki> Chumba cha kwanza mwaka wa kuzaliwa tu Chumba cha pili mwaka aliokufa ANGALIZO Usiweke jamii yoyote kama vile: "waliozaliwa", "waliofariki", na "watu walio hai". Ukiweka <nowiki>{{BD|1950|}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "watu walio hai". <nowiki>{{BD|1950|2012}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "waliofariki 2012". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:29, 5 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :habari ndugu hongera na uandishi kuwa makina punguza mwendo kuna makala hujaandika kitu ndani na umechapicha bila kitu [[Bruce Cockburn]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:25, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::asante kwa kurekebisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 08:07, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :::Pongezi kwa kwenda kasi na kwa kukwepa makosa ya awali, ila bado kuna hatua nyingine: kwa mfano kuacha Kiingereza katika kichwa cha makala (singer, musicians, n.k.). Kweli hujui kutafsiri maneno hayo? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:19, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Ukurasa wa mtumiaji == Mpendwa Christina, Inashauriwa kuunda ukurasa wa mtumiaji ili kufahamiana zaidi. Karibu sana na pongezi kwa kazi nyingi. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 05:43, 11 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Bonnie Zimmerman]] == Ni kheri ungeendelea na makala zako fupifupi zinakuwa hazina kokoro. Kitendo cha kuandika full length article with that kind of uharibifu kwa kweli it's completely unacceptable. Usitumie mashine kwa makala ndefu inaleta mkanganyiko mkubwa wa kisarufi. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:53, 22 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Makala fupi sana zisizo onyesha umuhimu == Mpendwa Christina, Inashauriwa kuandika makala ndefu kidogo zinazo onyesha maana ya ulichokiandika au umuhumu acha kuandika makala fupi, sio bora. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 15:57, 17 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Jihae Kim == Hi Christina, you have created the article [[Jihae]]. You give her year of birth as 1974 with an archived Variety article from Wayback Machine ([https://web.archive.org/web/20180714170032/https://variety.com/2016/tv/features/singer-multimedia-artist-jihae-mars-1201907376/ here]) as the source. However it seems that this article from 2016 has never mentioned her date of birth and gave her age at the time as 27, supporting her current claim to have been born in 1989. I ''do know'' that 1974 is her correct date of birth - but do you maybe know another, citable source for this, please? --'''[[Mtumiaji:KnightMove|KnightMove]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:KnightMove|majadiliano]])''' 19:50, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mwanasiasa== Dada, mtu anaweza kuwa mwanasiasa, si siasa! Usibadilishe vigezo ovyo, tafadhali! Amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:21, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Habari , samahani sijaelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:36, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ::Yaani katika makala juu ya mtu fulani uliweka kigezo:mbegu-siasa. Nilikisahihisha kwa kuandika kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa. Kumbe ukakirudisha kuwa kigezo:mbegu-siasa. Labda hukutambua ulichofanya. Lakini unaendelea kutunga makala za watu kwa kuweka chini kigezo:mbegu-siasa. Sahihi ni kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa. Tena, kama ni Mtanzania ni afadhali uweke kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania, ni kama ni Mkenya uweke kigezo:mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya mradi tuna vigezo vya pekee vilivyoboreshwa jana. Endelea na juhudi zako, tafadhali. Kwa jumla unakwenda vizuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:21, 19 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :::Kwa kweli anahitaji pongezi kwa juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 12:29, 19 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :::Habari, asante kwakunielewesha sikuwa nimeelewa masahihisho ila ulivyonijuza ndipo nikakagua nakutambua wapi nilipokosea... Asante na .Samahani sana . '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:54, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Tuzo - Kuanzisha Makala mpya == [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kuanzisha makala mpya! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 12:32, 19 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Habari, Asante yakushukuru. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:49, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ==Mbegu== Dada, hongera sana kwa maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo usichoke kujifunza zaidi, hasa kwa kupitia mabadiliko ya makala zako mpya tunayoyafanya. Kwa mfano, ni vizuri unapoweka <nowiki>{{mbegu-mwanasiasa}}</nowiki> kwa Mkenya uiongeze na kuandika <nowiki>{{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya}}</nowiki>. Ni vilevile kwa Mtanzania. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) :Habari,Asante kushukuru ... Nikutakie kazi njema na siku njema Amani Itawale '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:39, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::Dada, tafadhali tumia tahajia Moroko badala ya Morocco. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::Habari,samahani kiongozi unazungumzia nibadili kwenye makala nzima au. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:24, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::Yaani tahajia ya Kiswahili ni Moroko, ya Kiingereza ni Morocco. Katika jamii unatumia Moroko, lakini katika makala yenyewe umetumia mara nyingi Morocco. Sasa kwenda kubadilisha katika makala zote ni kazi kubwa. Ndiyo sababu nimekushtua. Asante kwa ushirikiano! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) :::::asante nashukuru, Nafurahi sana pale unaponirekebisha. Nisamehe na pia usinichoke maana ndio nayidi kujifunza taratibu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:04, 28 Machi 2026 (UTC) ::::::habari , samahani nimerekebisha '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:44, 29 Machi 2026 (UTC) ==Jamii== Dada, unapoweka jamii uwe makini zaidi. Watu wote wa Kanada unawawekea <nowiki>[[jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]]</nowiki>... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:25, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Hujasoma hayo? Mbona unaendelea kuita waimbaji watu wasio na sifa hiyo? Natarajia utarekebisha makala zako za karibuni kuhusu watu wa Kanada. Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Habari, samahani sijaelewa naiwekaje ikiwa hivyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:07, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::sawa samahani pia nimepitea ulizosahihisha nikapata mwangaza wa unachonielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:22, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ==Kupitia masahihisho== Dada, pamoja na kuendelea kwa bidii, naomba upitie masahihisho yangu: mambo mengi ni yaleyale: kwa mfano, unaweka "amezaliwa" kwa mtu aliyekwishakufa! Pia French Canadian maana yake ni Mkanada anayetumia Kifaransa, si mtu wa Ufaransa na Kanada. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:35, 19 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Tafadhali, dada, usinipotezee muda mwingi kurekebisha yaleyale... Angalia masahihisho ya makala zako ili ujifunze zaidi, la sivyo itanibidi kukusimamisha kidogo kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:32, 27 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::Habari, Pole nna hongera kwa kazi. samahani najitahidi kuwa makini kiongozi wangu na kujikagua dah nisamehe tu kiongozi... nisamehe mimi maana sijuii hata kwanini nisamehe mimi '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:30, 27 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :::Pole kwa kutoelewa. Nilitoa mfano mmoja hapo juu: ukisema "fulani amezaliwa" maana yake bado yu hai. Sahihi ni kusema "alizaliwa". Lakini mwanzoni, karibu na jina, tunapoweka mabano hatuandiki kwamba alizaliwa na alifariki, ila tunaweza tarehe zake tu. Halafu baada ya tarehe hatuwezi mkato kabla ya mwaka. Pia pengine katika jamii unaweza "mwigizaji filamu wa Kanada", kumbe alizaliwa huko, lakini makala inasema ni raia wa Uingereza au Marekani... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:12, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::::habari. Hongera na poule na kazi, asante na samahani mimi nilijua ni kwenye marejeo kumbe ni kenye kuandika makala mwanzo kabisa. ::::hi bado sijaelewa [["mwigizaji filamu wa Kanada", kumbe alizaliwa huko, lakini makala inasema ni raia wa Uingereza au Marekani...]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:13, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :::::Usiogope: kuuliza si ujinga! Umetengeneza kurasa nyingi kuhusu watu wa Kanada, lakini baadhi yao hawakuwa raia wa nchi hiyo, labda walizaliwa huko au walifanya kazi huko. Basi, katika jamii uandike nchi za uraia wao. Pia mara nyingine uliandika katika jamii kwamba ni mwigizaji filamu, kumbe ni mwanamuziki. Kazi njema na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::::::sawa naomba niendelee kuandika nikirekebisha. nisamehe na usinichokee '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 28 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :::::::Habari ndugu hongera na pole nimekusaidia kurekebisha makala uliyo anzisha [[Georgie Collins]] na umeandika kifupi sana na umetaja tu tarehe yakuzaliwa na mahali anapoishi pamoja na kazi hata sentensi haieleweki unapochagua kuanzisha makala jitahidi kuandika kitu msomaji mwingine akisoma aweze kuelewa , amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 09:47, 31 Agosti 2026 (UTC) ::::::::asante kushukuru '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 31 Agosti 2026 (UTC) :Dada, naona hatujaelewana kuhusu mabano ya mwanzoni mwa makala ya mtu. Kama hajafa, tunaandika "amezaliwa" kabla ya tarehe au mwaka, ila kama ameshafariki, ni wazi kwamba tarehe ya kwanza ni ya kuzaliwa, na ya pili ni ya kufariki, hivi hatuandiki "alizaliwa" wala "amefariki". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) ::Habari Kaka. Asante nashukuru, mimi nilijua ni kote atuandiki. '''[[Mtumiaji:Christina Charles|Christina Charles]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christina Charles#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:53, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) gjje9yzl0e4agpnnguebh20vvs91q70 4 208508 1595611 1595549 2026-09-09T16:16:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1595611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3332 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1085 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35025 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19239 || ↓ -1.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 110.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3332 || ↑ +43.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 681 || ↑ +1209.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 634 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 508 || ↑ +3.7% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 400 || ↓ -2.7% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 375 || ↑ +12.6% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 331 || ↑ +25.9% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 308 || ↓ -14.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -10.1% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 288 || ↓ -46.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 519 || 40.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.3% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 139 || 10.9% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} kffmnj7h2c7fv7bpg0g15j9elkwvdwy 1595634 1595611 2026-09-09T20:48:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1595634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 400 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 508 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3332 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 634 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1085 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 304 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 308 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 198 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35025 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19239 || ↓ -1.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 110.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3332 || ↑ +43.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 681 || ↑ +1209.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 634 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 508 || ↑ +3.7% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 400 || ↓ -2.7% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 375 || ↑ +12.6% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 331 || ↑ +25.9% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 308 || ↓ -14.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -10.1% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 288 || ↓ -46.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 518 || 40.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.4% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 139 || 10.9% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} gxhxwh8w2eb6krx4nvyn4i7cckuacrx 1595657 1595634 2026-09-10T03:54:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1595657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 638 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 326 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 685 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35025 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19239 || ↓ -1.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 110.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3332 || ↑ +43.3% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 681 || ↑ +1209.6% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 634 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 508 || ↑ +3.7% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 400 || ↓ -2.7% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 375 || ↑ +12.6% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 331 || ↑ +25.9% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 308 || ↓ -14.9% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 304 || ↓ -10.1% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 288 || ↓ -46.5% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 518 || 40.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.4% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 139 || 10.9% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} ma11qv5hf79i5x7qfey5rwh7y2o9pyp 1595658 1595657 2026-09-10T04:08:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1595658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 638 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 326 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 685 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35025 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19411 || ↑ +0.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 111.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3320 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 685 || ↑ +1243.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 638 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 513 || ↑ +4.1% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 404 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↑ +12.3% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 326 || ↑ +21.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 317 || ↓ -10.5% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 313 || ↓ -7.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 297 || ↓ -43.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 518 || 40.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.4% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 139 || 10.9% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} m2dnzf5jylccqkqnthpka8uif5fc2nj 1595749 1595658 2026-09-10T10:59:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1595749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 638 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 326 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 685 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35025 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19411 || ↑ +0.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 111.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3320 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 685 || ↑ +1243.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 638 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 513 || ↑ +4.1% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 404 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↑ +12.3% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 326 || ↑ +21.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 317 || ↓ -10.5% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 313 || ↓ -7.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 297 || ↓ -43.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 518 || 40.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.4% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 139 || 10.9% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 105 || 8.2% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} rdu2sb5q5zhvf9zii9w5d4t87gukutu 1595750 1595749 2026-09-10T11:01:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1595750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-09-10) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-09-10)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 513 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3320 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 638 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1070 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.93 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 317 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 326 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 685 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 4 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35026 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 19411 || ↑ +0.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 111.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3320 || ↑ +43.5% |- | 2 || [[Nepal]] || 685 || ↑ +1243.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 638 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 513 || ↑ +4.1% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 404 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 374 || ↑ +12.3% |- | 7 || [[Uturuki]] || 326 || ↑ +21.2% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 317 || ↓ -10.5% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 313 || ↓ -7.7% |- | 10 || [[Urusi]] || 297 || ↓ -43.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 512 || 40.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.5% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 140 || 11.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 103 || 8.1% |- | 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.9% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- | 10 || [[User:Kisare|Kisare]] || 5 || 0.4% |- |} 891uotb1y1kiw3tvwmmdrvi7wsgk7oy 0 225426 1595761 1583382 2026-09-10T11:54:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Appiagyei''' (alizaliwa [[28 Novemba]], [[1956]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Ghana]] na mara moja alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Mkoa wa Ashanti Region na pia ndiye mke wa kwanza mwanamke kuwa Meya wa Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Appiagyei, Patricia |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5303 |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=Ghana MPs |archive-date=2025-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103124613/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5303 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="details">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Appiahgyei, Patricia |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2627 |access-date=2019-03-09 |website=Ghana MPs |archive-date=2024-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927073501/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=2627 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1956|}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ghana]] tusflbtkw3u6uxwt8dt15bi03b5pp54 0 227341 1595621 1503418 2026-09-09T17:03:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barnabe Mbonimpa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Burundi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Umushikiranganji wo Kugwanya Sida mu Burundi Asaba Abashingamateka Gusiramuza Abana Babo|url=https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2006-11-14-voa3-93018309/1264634.html|work=Ijwi ry'Amerika|date=2006|accessdate=2026-04-09|language=rw}}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa Waziri katika Ofisi ya Rais anayeshughulikia masuala ya UKIMWI nchini Burundi, baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2007 na rais wa zamani wa Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 14 Novemba [[2007]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burundi : Le Portail des Institutions|url=http://www.burundi-gov.bi/|work=www.burundi-gov.bi|accessdate=2026-04-09|archive-date=2008-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106204744/http://www.burundi-gov.bi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] 6cedcwxmzbwpaz1h658knk4kbn0qlhi 0 227352 1595637 1511976 2026-09-09T22:55:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Euphrasie Bigirimana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Burundi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Biashara, Viwanda na Utalii nchini Burundi, baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2007 na rais wa zamani wa Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 14 Novemba [[2007]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Burundi : Le Portail des Institutions|url=http://www.burundi-gov.bi/|work=www.burundi-gov.bi|accessdate=2026-04-09|archive-date=2008-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106204744/http://www.burundi-gov.bi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] hf7eg8nals7xl6aj0yqo1l7tewj13i0 0 227525 1595610 1504052 2026-09-09T16:11:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annonciata Sendazirasa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] kutoka Burundi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Continental labour ministers meet in Burundi|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/68229/continental-labour-ministers-meet-in-burundi|work=The New Times|date=2012-02-22|accessdate=2026-04-10|language=en}}</ref>Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Utumishi wa Umma, Kazi na Hifadhi ya Jamii nchini [[Burundi]], akiteuliwa mwaka 2010 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza. Alianza kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 30 Agosti 2010 na alihudumu hadi tarehe 18 Juni 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burundi : Le Portail des Institutions|url=http://www.burundi-gov.bi/|work=www.burundi-gov.bi|accessdate=2026-04-10|archive-date=2008-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106204744/http://www.burundi-gov.bi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burundi]] lp888eh80sa6zoodpq33xglh70i8mp8 0 232010 1595626 1533313 2026-09-09T18:10:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda''' '''Mwika''' '''Tambatamba''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe 29 Aprili 1961) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Zambia]] ambaye kwa sasa anatumikia taifa katika ngazi za juu za serikali na bunge.Waziri wa Kazi na Usalama wa Jamii: Kwa sasa, anahudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi na Usalama wa [[Jamii]] wa Zambia, akisimamia masuala ya wafanyakazi na mifumo ya hifadhi ya jamii nchini humo.Mbunge wa [[Jimbo]] la Kasempa: Amekuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa kwa ajili ya jimbo la Kasempatangu mwaka 2016.Chama cha Kisiasa: Yeye ni mwanachama mtiifu wa chama cha United Party for National Development (UPND), ambacho ndicho chama tawala kwa sasa. Tambatamba amekuwa sauti muhimu katika bunge la Zambia, hususan katika kuwakilisha masuala ya maendeleo ya jimbo lake na sera za kitaifa zinazohusu nguvu kazi na haki za kijamii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=President Hakainde Hichilema has appointed four women to serve as ministers in his major set of cabinet and provincial ministerial appointments.|url=https://dailynationzambia.com/2021/09/president-hakainde-hichilema-has-appointed-four-women-to-serve-as-ministers-in-his-major-set-of-cabinet-and-provincial-ministerial-appointments/|work=Daily Nation|date=2021-09-07|accessdate=2026-05-06|language=en-US|author=Daily Nation|archive-date=2026-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427193818/https://dailynationzambia.com/2021/09/president-hakainde-hichilema-has-appointed-four-women-to-serve-as-ministers-in-his-major-set-of-cabinet-and-provincial-ministerial-appointments/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Zambia]] l9hybwm1eny5hu80yilsugped1o68nd 0 233519 1595580 1540326 2026-09-09T14:15:31Z ~2026-48821-01 92246 /* */ 1595580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Cite web|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha [[Food Network]], [[Cupcake Wars]], akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na [[Ruth Reichl]] wa [[The New York Times]].{{cr}} == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation.{{cr}} === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la [[Time Out]], [[People]], [[The New York Times]], jarida la [[InStyle]], Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{listaref}} {{NF|1968||Bellanger, Florian}} [[Jamii:Wapishi wa keki]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] tvcnoto0g40yeytqugdsny88o59ug7m 1595581 1595580 2026-09-09T14:17:26Z ~2026-48821-01 92246 /* */ 1595581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Cite web|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na [[Ruth Reichl]] wa [[The New York Times]].{{cr}} == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation.{{cr}} === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la [[Time Out]], [[People]], [[The New York Times]], jarida la [[InStyle]], Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{listaref}} {{NF|1968||Bellanger, Florian}} [[Jamii:Wapishi wa keki]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 1r7v1hw5bkarxmqkuwypon77rtn5a3u 1595582 1595581 2026-09-09T14:18:15Z ~2026-48821-01 92246 1595582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Cite web|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na [[Ruth Reichl]] wa [[The New York Times]].{{cr}} == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation.{{cr}} === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la [[Time Out]], [[People]], [[The New York Times]], jarida la [[InStyle]], Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 21gkhempn7j0wmw540wi30551jq9pux 1595583 1595582 2026-09-09T14:20:23Z ~2026-48821-01 92246 /* Kazi ya awali */ 1595583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Cite web|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na Ruth Reichl wa [[The New York Times]]. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation.{{cr}} === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la [[Time Out]], [[People]], [[The New York Times]], jarida la [[InStyle]], Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] anq0ld6ikblit4r05tj1ztjw7cgwi2z 1595585 1595583 2026-09-09T14:21:41Z ~2026-48821-01 92246 /* Kazi ya kitaaluma */ 1595585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Cite web|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na Ruth Reichl wa [[The New York Times]]. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation. === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la Time Out, People, [[The New York Times]], jarida la InStyle, Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] k3w6d8cppmda9ay4na88y4u2aoao44o 1595586 1595585 2026-09-09T14:22:56Z ~2026-48821-01 92246 /* Marejeo */ 1595586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Cite web|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na Ruth Reichl wa [[The New York Times]]. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation. === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la Time Out, People, [[The New York Times]], jarida la InStyle, Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] cf4vb6g2hsgz6aaqi4kl0iit7p71qj5 1595623 1595586 2026-09-09T17:28:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} ‘’‘Florian Bellanger’’’ (aliyezaliwa tarehe 20 Aprili 1968){{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}} ni mpishi wa keki wa Kifaransa, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == '''Florian Bellanger''' alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na Ruth Reichl wa [[The New York Times]]. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation. === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la Time Out, People, [[The New York Times]], jarida la InStyle, Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] cwpm8jegtswnmyiigbqutcckpaspjh9 1595695 1595623 2026-09-10T09:27:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Florian Bellanger | Amezaliwa = {{birth date|df=yes|1968|4|20}} | Kazi yake = [[Mpishi]] }} '''Florian Bellanger''' (alizaliwa 20 Aprili 1968)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=|archive-date=2017-10-20|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23}}</ref> ni mpishi wa keki wa [[Ufaransa]], ambaye hapo awali alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka maarufu la keki na peremende la Paris, Fauchon. Yeye ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano cha Food Network, Cupcake Wars, akionekana katika misimu zaidi ya tisa na vipindi 135 hadi sasa. == Kazi ya awali == Florian Bellanger alikulia [[Paris]] na alitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake wa mapumziko alasiri akioka vyakula kwa ajili ya familia yake. Hata hivyo, mzio wa chokoleti aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni ulimzuia kufurahia peremende na vitindamlo kwa muda wa miaka sita, jambo ambalo kwa muda lilimkatisha tamaa ya kuoka.<ref name="Food Network">{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|title=Florian Bellanger (biography)|publisher=[[Food Network]]|accessdate=2010-08-11|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809063340/http://www.foodnetwork.com/florian-bellanger/bio/index.html|archivedate=2010-08-09}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Bellanger alijiandikisha katika mojawapo ya shule maarufu za upishi wa keki huko [[Paris]], École de Paris des Métiers de la Table ("shule ya Paris ya ujuzi wa meza"), lakini alikataliwa kwa sababu alikuwa mdogo kwa mwaka mmoja. Mnamo 1986, alihitimu kutoka shuleni hapo akiwa amebobea katika utengenezaji wa keki na pia akiwa na utaalamu katika chokoleti na aiskrimu;<ref name="Food Network"/> sasa anasema kwamba chokoleti ni kiungo anachokipenda zaidi na anavutiwa na matumizi yake mengi, akisema kwamba ni "cha kufurahisha" na kitu "kinachochukuliwa kuwa cha kawaida".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starchefs.com/chefs/pastry/FBellanger/html/index.shtml#bio|title=Black Truffle Crémeux with Tahitian Vanilla Foam|publisher=starchefs.com|accessdate=2010-08-11|date=julio de 2005}}</ref> Kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe, Bellanger alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika Fauchon na alisimamia wapishi wengine 24 wa keki katika duka lake kuu la Tea Salon katika jiji la [[New York]], "emporium maarufu ya vyakula vya Kifaransa"<ref name="Chef Bios"/> iliyokuwa ikiuza keki, biskuti, aiskrimu na sorbeti. Huko, alijulikana kwa kuunda mchanganyiko wa ubunifu wa ladha uliokwenda kinyume na kanuni za mapokeo, kama vile éclairs zilizotiwa ladha ya maganda ya chungwa, tunda la passion, au keki ya nazi na marshmallow ya raspberry, aiskrimu ya violet ya Toulouse na sorbeti ya raspberry na pilipili.<ref name="Chef Bios">{{cite web|url=http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|title=Chef Bios &ndash; Florian Bellanger|accessdate=2010-08-11|publisher=madmacnyc.com|archive-date=2010-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727014826/http://www.madmacnyc.com/chef-bios|url-status=}}</ref> Kuanzia 1991 hadi 1994, alikuwa chini ya uongozi wa mpishi maarufu wa keki wa Kifaransa [[Pierre Hermé]], na pia alikuwa mpishi mkuu wa keki katika duka kuu la Fauchon huko [[Qatar]] kuanzia 1994 hadi 1996.<ref name="Chef Bios"/> Bellanger alikuwa mpishi wa keki katika mgahawa maarufu duniani wa Le Bernardin, wenye nyota tatu za Michelin, kuanzia 1996 hadi 2001, ambapo vitindamlo vyake vilielezewa kuwa "vyepesi na vya kuota ndoto" na Ruth Reichl wa [[The New York Times]]. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bellanger sasa ni mpishi na mmiliki wa Mad Mac NYC, "macarons halisi za Kifaransa na Madeleines", kampuni maarufu ya Kifaransa ya biskuti na bidhaa za keki, ambayo alisaidia kuifadhili mwaka 2006. Mad Mac huhudumia sekta za rejareja, huduma za chakula na ukarimu, na imetambuliwa kama kinara katika ubora na ubunifu katika sekta ya macaron.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Florian Bellanger |url=https://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/florian-bellanger |website=www.starchefs.com}}</ref> Bellanger ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Chakula la City Harvest na mpishi mgeni katika Taasisi ya Upishi ya Kifaransa huko [[Manhattan]], [[New York]]. Pia hutumia muda wake wa mapumziko kutoa michango kwa mashirika ya misaada kama vile C-CAP Careers Through Culinary Arts Program C-CAP Home, Wolfgang Puck Charity na Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation. === Kutambuliwa === Bellanger alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini [[Marekani]] mwaka 2003 na 2004 na jarida la Pastry Art & Design. Mnamo 2000 na 2001, James Beard Foundation ilitambua mafanikio ya Bellanger kwa kumteua kwa tuzo ya "Mpishi Bora wa Keki". Pia ni mwenyekiti wa jopo la majaji la mashindano ya upishi wa keki nchini Marekani yanayofanyika kila Februari huko [[New York]], na ameonekana katika vituo vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo CNN, NBC, Food Network na Martha Stewart Living. Kazi za Bellanger za utengenezaji wa keki na bidhaa za keki zimepata uangalizi katika majarida na machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo House Beautiful, Martha Stewart Weddings, [[Forbes]], Brides, Modern Bride, jarida la [[GQ]], jarida la Time Out, People, [[The New York Times]], jarida la InStyle, Pastry Art & Design, Food Arts, jarida la Chocolatier, The Nibble, jarida la Delta Sky na jarida la [[New York]], pamoja na PastryScoop.com.<ref name="Food Network" /> === Tuzo === * James Beard Foundation "Mpishi Bora wa Keki wa Mwaka" — uteuzi wa 2000 na 2001 * Miongoni mwa wapishi 10 bora wa keki nchini Marekani mwaka 2003 na 2004 (jarida la Pastry Art and Design) * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha — Mashindano ya Keki ya Marekani, 2013 * Mwanachama wa Ukumbi wa Umaarufu — Dessert Professional Magazine, 2013 * Chevalier de l'Ordre du Merite Agricole (Serikali ya Ufaransa) == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] kc18vddhzq99hu1hq2w08x5s5ue7mvr 0 247785 1595659 1593244 2026-09-10T04:13:30Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Andrew_Quinn_portrait.jpg|Andrew_Quinn_portrait.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 2 September 2026. 1595659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person|jina=David Adjaye|picha=|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa=22 Septemba 1966 (age 59) Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|kazi_yake=mchoraji wa majengo|tovuti=https://www.adjaye.com/}} '''Sir David Frank Adjaye''' (alizaliwa 22 Septemba 1966) ni mhandisi wa [[Ghana]]-[[Ufalme wa Muungano]] <ref>"Who We Are". ''Adjaye Associates''. Retrieved 9 September 2020.</ref> ambaye ameunda majengo mengi mashuhuri ulimwenguni kote, pamoja na Jumba la kumbukumbu la Taifa la Historia na Utamaduni wa Kiafrika huko Washington, DC Adjaye alichaguliwa kuwa knight katika Heshima ya Mwaka Mpya wa 2017 kwa huduma zake kwa usanifu. Alipokea Tuzo ya Dhahabu ya Kifalme ya 2021<ref>"Sir David Adjaye OBE receives 2021 Royal Gold Medal". ''Royal Institute of British Architects''. Retrieved 16 January 2022.</ref>, na kumfanya kuwa mpokeaji wa kwanza wa Kiafrika na mmoja wa wapokeaji wachanga zaidi. Aliteuliwa kwa Order of Merit <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170618015105/https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/awards/royal-gold-medal Royal Gold Medal]</ref>mnamo 2022. == Maisha yake ya Awali na elimu == Adjaye alizaliwa Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Mwana wa mwanadiplomasia wa Ghana, aliishi Tanzania, Misri, Yemen na Lebanon kabla ya kuhamia Uingereza akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka London South Bank University na shahada ya BA katika usanifu mwaka 1990, alishinda RIBA Bronze Medal kwa bora shahada ya kwanza ya kubuni mradi nchini Uingereza (Respite mradi). Mnamo 1993 alihitimu kutoka mpango wa uzamili katika Chuo cha Royal cha Sanaa. == Kazi == === Miradi ya awali === [[Faili:National Museum of African American History and Culture in February 2020.jpg|thumb|Jumba la Makumbusho la Kitaifa la Historia na Utamaduni wa Kiafrika na Amerika, [[Washington, D.C.]]]] Kazi za mapema za Adjaye ni pamoja na miradi mingi ya makazi, pamoja na nyumba ya Chris Ofili mnamo 1999, Nyumba chafu na Nyumba ya Kioo mnamo 2002, na studio ya Lorna Simpson mnamo 2006. Kisha alihamia kwenye miradi mikubwa kama vile Duka la Wazo huko Whitechapel, Uingereza, na Kituo cha Amani cha Nobel huko Oslo, Norway, mnamo 2005. [[Faili:Abrahamic_House4.jpg|alt=Nyumba ya Familia ya Abrahamu, Abu Dhabi|thumb|250x250px|Nyumba ya Familia ya Abrahamu, [[Abu Dhabi]]]] Maonyesho ya kwanza ya studio, David Adjaye:''Making Public Buildings'', ilionyeshwa katika Whitechapel Gallery huko London mnamo Januari 2006, na Thames na Hudson kuchapisha orodha ya jina moja. Hii ilifuata kuchapishwa kwa kitabu cha kwanza cha Adjaye cha 2005, ''David Adjaye Houses''<ref>[http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/faculty/details.cgi?faculty_id=1354 David Adjaye], Harvard Design School. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427194250/http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/faculty/details.cgi?faculty_id=1354|date=27 April 2011}}</ref>. Kazi nyingine mashuhuri za mapema ni pamoja na Kituo cha Sanaa cha Bernie Grant na Kituo cha Stephen Lawrence mnamo 2007<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Stephen Lawrence Centre by Adjaye Associates|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2008/03/04/stephen-lawrence-centre-by-adjaye-associates/|work=Dezeen|date=2008-03-04|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en|author=Marcus Fairs}}</ref>. === Kazi kuu === Adjaye alichaguliwa kubuni Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya kisasa Denver, ambayo ilifunguliwa mwaka 2007. Jengo hilo, ambalo lilikuwa jengo la kwanza la makumbusho la Adjaye, lilibuniwa ili kupunguza mipaka kati ya sehemu za nje za jiji na sehemu za ndani za makumbusho. Madirisha ya juu yaliyofichwa hujaza vyumba vya ndani kwa nuru ya asili, na madirisha makubwa huelekeza jicho kwenye barabara za jiji. Jengo hilo lina maonyesho matano ya sanaa pamoja na maeneo ya elimu, duka, maktaba na cafe ya paa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museum of Contemporary Art / Adjaye Associates|url=https://www.archdaily.com/214197/museum-of-contemporary-art-adjaye-associates|work=ArchDaily|date=2012-03-19|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Adjaye alishinda mashindano ya kubuni Shule ya Usimamizi ya Moscow Skolkovo ambayo ilikamilishwa mnamo 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=David Adjaye. Interview and text by Vladimir Belogolovskiy|url=https://archi.ru/en/8520/david-adjaye-interview-and-text-by-vladimir-belogolovskiy|work=Archi.Ru|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en}}</ref> Kukataa jadi chuo-style, jengo ni iliyoundwa kama aina moja ya kuhamasisha mwingiliano mwanafunzi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museum of Contemporary Art / Adjaye Associates|url=https://www.archdaily.com/214197/museum-of-contemporary-art-adjaye-associates|work=ArchDaily|date=2012-03-19|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Adjaye aliunda maktaba mbili mpya za jirani huko Washington, D.C.: Francis A. Maktaba ya Jirani ya Gregory na Bellevue / William O. Maktaba ya Lockridge, ambayo ilifunguliwa mwaka 2012.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=adjaye associates: two libraries for washington DC|url=https://www.designboom.com/architecture/adjaye-associates-two-libraries-for-washington-dc/|work=designboom {{!}} architecture & design magazine|date=2012-07-31|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en|author=lauren grieco I. designboom}}</ref> Maktaba zilizoshinda tuzo hizo zinasherehekewa kwa kuwa ishara kwa jamii<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, Aishti Foundation, nyumba ya sanaa iliyochanganywa na nafasi ya rejareja, ilifunguliwa huko Beirut, Lebanon<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Making Waves: Tony Salamé’s Aïshti Goes Big in Beirut|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/artists/making-waves-tony-salame-s-aishti-goes-big-in-beirut-4442/|work=ARTnews.com|date=2015-06-29|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US|author=Sarah Douglas}}</ref>. Eneo la maonyesho ni zaidi ya 40,000 mraba. Ubunifu wa Adjaye unaunganisha kutazama sanaa na ununuzi, mambo mawili yanayoonekana kupingana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=David Adjaye's Aïshti Foundation gallery and shopping centre nears completion in Beirut|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2015/11/05/david-adjaye-aishti-foundation-gallery-shopping-centre-nears-completion-beirut-lebanon/|work=Dezeen|date=2015-11-05|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en|author=Anna Winston}}</ref> Mnamo 15 Aprili 2009, Adjaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunifu mkuu wa timu ya wasanifu,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=INTERVIEW WITH DAVID ADJAYE ABOUT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE|url=https://archive.pinupmagazine.org/articles/constructing-narrative-interview-with-david-adjaye|work=archive.pinupmagazine.org|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en}}</ref> ambayo inajumuisha Kikundi cha Freelon, Davis Brody Bond na SmithGroup, kubuni Jumba jipya la Makumbusho la Kitaifa la Historia na Utamaduni wa Amerika ya Afrika, jumba la kumbukumbu la Taasisi ya Smithsonian, kwenye National Mall huko [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=David Adjaye wins competition for the National Museum of African American History and Culture|url=https://www.archdaily.com/20040/david-adjaye-will-design-the-national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture|work=ArchDaily|date=2009-04-17|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US|author=Sebastian Jordana}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Trescott|first=Jacqueline|title=Designer for the African American History Museum Is Chosen|date=2009-04-15|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/14/AR2009041401205.html|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2026-08-29}}</ref>. Ubunifu wake unaonyesha sura ya taji kutoka sanamu ya Yoruba. Jumba la kumbukumbu lilifunguliwa katika vuli ya 2016 na liliitwa "tukio la kitamaduni la mwaka" na The New York Times.<ref>{{Citation|last=Times|first=The New York|title=The National Museum of African American History and Culture|date=2016-09-15|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/15/arts/design/national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/15/arts/design/national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-29}}</ref> Pia ilikuwa ni somo la wasifu juu ya Sky Arts mpango Sanaa ya Usanifu katika 2019<ref name=":1" />. Samani ambayo Adjaye iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya makumbusho ni viwandani na kuuzwa na Knoll. Mnamo 2007, msanii Linda Pace aliwasiliana na Adjaye kubuni kituo cha sanaa ya kisasa kwa mkusanyiko wake wa sanaa muda mfupi kabla ya kufa kutokana na saratani ya matiti mwaka huo. Ruby City, iliyoko [[San Antonio, Texas]], ilifunguliwa mnamo 2019<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About|url=https://rubycity.org/about/|work=Ruby City|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2018, Rais wa 1199SEIU George Gresham aliwasiliana na Adjaye, ambaye baadaye alikubali tume ya kubuni nafasi mpya ya mwanachama wa futi za mraba 16,500. Mchoro huo ulionyesha mamia ya picha zilizokusanywa kutoka kwenye hazina kubwa ya picha za chama hicho na kuwekwa kwenye vigae vya kauri vilivyotengenezwa na kampuni ya Cerámica Suro huko Guadalajara, Mexico. 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East iko [[Jiji la New York|New York]], New York, na ilimalizika mnamo 2020. Iliyoundwa iliitwa jarida la Wasanifu Bora wa Ubunifu wa Mahali pa Kazi ya Ndani mnamo 2020.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Announcing the winners of the 2020 AN Best of Design Awards|url=https://www.archpaper.com/2020/12/2020-an-best-of-design-awards/|work=The Architect’s Newspaper|date=2020-12-02|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US|author=The Editors}}</ref> [[Faili:WP Library & Events Center (c) Dror Baldinger, FAIA 1.jpg|thumb|Maktaba ya Winter Park & Center ya Matukio ]] Mnamo mwaka wa 2017, Adjaye kwa kushirikiana na Wasanifu wa HuntonBrady walifunua muundo wa Maktaba ya Winter Park na Kituo cha Matukio huko Winter Park, [[Florida]]. Maktaba ilifunguliwa rasmi kwa umma mnamo 13 Desemba 2021<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Winter Park Library & Events Center|url=https://www.adjaye.com/work/winter-park-library-events-center/|work=Adjaye Associates|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Adjaye Associates' Winter Park Library & Events Center opens in Florida|url=https://archinect.com/news/article/150293236/adjaye-associates-winter-park-library-events-center-opens-in-florida|work=Archinect|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=david adjaye's winter park library & events center opens its doors in florida|url=https://www.designboom.com/architecture/david-adjaye-winter-park-library-events-center-opens-doors-florida-12-12-2021/|work=designboom {{!}} architecture & design magazine|date=2021-12-12|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en|author=myrto katsikopoulou I. designboom}}</ref>. Mnamo 2022, ilikuwa Mshindi wa Jury katika Jamii ya Maktaba kwa Tuzo za Architizer A +.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Winter Park Library and Events Center by Adjaye Associates {{!}} 2022-03-01 {{!}} Architectural Record|url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/15531-winter-park-library-and-events-center-by-adjaye-associates|work=www.architecturalrecord.com|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Architecture for the Ages: Announcing the Winners of the 10th Annual A+Awards!|url=https://architizer.com/blog/inside-architizer/updates/2022-aawards-winners-announcement/|work=Journal|date=2022-06-07|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en|author=Architizer Editors}}</ref> Mnamo 2023, sanamu ya kwanza ya Adjaye ya kudumu ya umma, iliyoitwa Asaase III ilifunuliwa. Picha hiyo iko katika The Griot Museum of Black History huko [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis,]] [[Missouri]], na iliamriwa na msimamizi Allison Glenn kwa ajili ya 2023 Counterpublic triennial<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=David Adjaye on His First Permanent Sculpture: This Is ‘How I Imagine an Ideal City’|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/artists/qa-david-adjaye-on-his-first-permanent-sculpture-1234670283/|work=ARTnews.com|date=2023-06-01|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US|author=Gameli Hamelo}}</ref> === Kazi nyingine === Pamoja na tume zake za kimataifa, kazi ya Adjaye inajumuisha maonyesho, nyumba za kibinafsi na fanicha. Alijenga nyumba kwa ajili ya mbuni Alexander McQueen, msanii Jake Chapman, mpiga picha Jürgen Teller, mwigizaji Ewan McGregor, na wasanii Tim Noble na Sue Webster. Kwa msanii Chris Ofili, aliunda studio mpya na nyumba ya pwani huko Port of Spain, Trinidad. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:wahandisi wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:wahandisi wa Ufalme wa Muungano]] 0ltgsztirhxmbizahvlun0gs5idhz6x 0 247983 1595615 1595481 2026-09-09T16:35:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zareef Minty''' ([[24 Januari]] [[1994]]) ni [[mwanasheria]], [[mwanasiasa]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhusika wa televisheni kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://witsvuvuzela.com/2016/09/17/one-young-leader-at-a-time/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-08-29 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222235009/https://witsvuvuzela.com/2016/09/17/one-young-leader-at-a-time/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Historia na Elimu == Zareef Minty alizaliwa Vereeniging, katika mkoa wa Gauteng, Afrika Kusini. Alipata elimu yake ya awali katika Al-Huda Muslim School, na elimu ya sekondari katika St Conrads College. Baadaye alihamia [[Johannesburg]], ambako alisoma Sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]] na kupata shahada ya Sheria (LL.B.).<ref>https://www.sundaytimes.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2013-12-15-son-of-top-attorney-joins-party-of-ex-cons/</ref> <ref>https://iol.co.za/entertainment/books/2022-02-21-zareef-minty-pens-second-book-launches-global-business-with-norma-mngoma/</ref> Minty alianza shughuli zake za [[biashara]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 17, alipoanzisha chapa ya mavazi iliyojulikana kama ''Self Made Billionaires''. Chapa hiyo ilivaliwa na mwanamitindo wa Afrika Kusini Lee-Ann Liebenberg na Kenny Kunene, ambaye pia alionekana akiwa amevalia chapa hiyo katika tangazo la uzinduzi wa msimu wa pili wa kipindi ''So What on e.tv''.<ref>https://gotrend.co.za/2014/09/04/zareef-minty-the-next-harvey-specter/</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220922123204/https://incentivesa.co.za/zareef-minty-success-story-20-year-old-prodigy/</ref> Mwaka 2016, Minty alianzisha kampuni ya ZRF Holdings, na kuendelea na shughuli zake za biashara. == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Afrika Kusini]] oijbja18gh6zp1278ydf91zqsirn77q 0 248349 1595756 1594192 2026-09-10T11:16:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1595756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filo na Agatopodi''' (walifariki [[Antiokia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[karne ya 2]]) walikuwa ma[[shemasi]] wa [[Ignas wa Antiokia]] walioongozana naye hadi [[Roma]] alipofia [[dini]] ya [[Ukristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=5441 St. Philo and Agathopodes] Catholic Online</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[25 Aprili]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 1|karne ya 2}} [[Jamii:Mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Siria]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] sf3q3q61zjt4ty1za2i1yi83tt8738b 0 248436 1595755 1594431 2026-09-10T11:15:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1595755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zotiko wa Comana''' (au "Conana" au "Comama"<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04151b.htm Comana]</ref>, labda katika [[Uturuki]] wa leo<ref name="catholiconline">[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2041 St. Zoticus] Catholic Online</ref>; [[karne ya 2]] - [[204]]<ref name="butler" />) alikuwa [[askofu]] aliyepinga [[uzushi]] wa [[Montano]]<ref name="butler">[http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/212.html Butler, Alban. ''Lives of the Saints'', Vol. VII, 1866]</ref> na hatimaye alifia [[imani]] ya [[Kikristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Septimius Severus]]<ref name="catholiconline" />. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[21 Julai]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 2]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 204]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] k2vks3ljymiwx6tkgv6d5fl6wuwtr5r 0 248531 1595757 1594607 2026-09-10T11:16:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1595757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[250]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] wa [[Italia]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]. Kwa kuwa hayajulikani mengine kuhusu [[historia]] yao<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92257</ref>, hawaorodheshwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Juni]] na [[15 Machi|13 Machi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliofariki 250]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] r0ogg816tb9r5sopbn2bzq5nrtmm1m2 0 248697 1595632 1594897 2026-09-09T19:54:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cordel Hyde''' (alizaliwa [[20 Agosti]] [[1973]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize pia ni Naibu Waziri mkuu wa sasa wa [[Belize]] tangu tarehe 16 Novemba 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=P.U.P. Area Representatives Sworn In as Cabinet Ministers {{!}} Channel5Belize.com|url=https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/211660|access-date=2020-11-19|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117063810/https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/211660|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1973]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] fnev0n0mk1nft30m2i0uruak0vhduvl 0 248770 1595655 1595008 2026-09-10T03:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Houra''' ([[27 Machi]] [[1952]] – [[27 Januari]] [[2020]]) alikuwa mchoraji kutoka nchini Ivory Coast).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200112000000/http://www.abidjan.net/ "James Kadjo HOURA"]. abidjan.net (in French). Archived from the original on 2020-01-12. Retrieved 2020-01-28.</ref> == Maisha na kazi == Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Shule ya Sanaa ya Abidjan (École des beaux arts d'Abidjan) na alijulikana kwa uchoraji wake wa mtindo wa ubao wa sataranji (checkerboard paintings). Mchoro wake mmojawapo uitwao ''Offrande'' umeonyeshwa katika Jumba la Rais jijini Abidjan.<ref>[https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200303210452.html "Cote d'Ivoire: Palais présidentiel : James Houra honoré"]. allAfrica (in French). 21 March 2003.</ref> Mchoro wake mwingine ulipewa kama zawadi kwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Ufaransa, Claude Guéant, na Rais Alassane Ouattara, ambao uliua mjadala na utata kutokana na kutorejeshwa baada ya mwisho wa muda wake wa uongozi.<ref>[https://cameroonvoice.com/news/article-news-11005.html "Pourquoi le tableau offert à Guéant par Ouattara pose problème"]. CameroonVoice (in French). 11 May 2013.</ref><ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/affaires/claude-gueant-doit-il-rendre-son-tableau-africain_322695.html "Claude Guéant doit-il rendre son tableau africain ?"]. franceinfo (in French). 13 May 2013.</ref> Kazi za sanaa za Houra zimekadiriwa kuwa na thamani kati ya euro 2,000 hadi 25,000.<ref>[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/affaires/claude-gueant-doit-il-rendre-son-tableau-africain_322695.html "Claude Guéant doit-il rendre son tableau africain ?"]. franceinfo (in French). 13 May 2013.</ref> James Houra alifariki dunia tarehe [[27 Januari]] [[2020]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 67.<ref>[https://afriquematin.net/deces-de-james-houra-lun-des-arbres-tutelaires-de-la-peinture-ivoirienne-sest-couche/ "Décès de James Houra : L'un des arbres tutélaires de la peinture ivoirienne s'est couché"] {{Wayback|url=https://afriquematin.net/deces-de-james-houra-lun-des-arbres-tutelaires-de-la-peinture-ivoirienne-sest-couche/ |date=20210712064100 }}. afriquematin.net (in French). 28 January 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ivory Coast]] th7f10nj95b8r7namgx8taa134mbudy 0 248776 1595650 1595207 2026-09-10T02:47:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Issouf Bemba Sissokho''' alizaliwa tarehe 30 Januari 2002. Ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Mali]] anayocheza katika nafasi ya kiungo. Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Maccabi Tel Aviv, inayoshiriki katika Israeli Premier League, ligi kuu ya soka nchini Israel.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Issouf Sissokho - Maccabi Tel Aviv - Aktuelles Spielerprofil|url=https://sport.bild.de/fussball/pe735480/issouf-sissokho/profil/|work=sport.bild.de|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Issouf Sissokho {{!}} Girondins.com|url=https://www.girondins.com/en/player/30809/issouf-sissokho|work=Girondins.com|accessdate=2026-09-07|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921193412/https://www.girondins.com/en/player/30809/issouf-sissokho|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=en}}</ref> Sissokho ni sehemu ya kizazi cha wachezaji wa Mali wanaojenga taaluma zao katika soka la kimataifa. Kama kiungo, anashikilia nafasi muhimu katika mfumo wa timu kwa kuwa eneo la kiungo mara nyingi ndilo linalounganisha safu ya ulinzi na safu ya ushambuliaji. Wachezaji wa nafasi hii wanahitajika kuwa na uwezo wa kudhibiti mpira, kutoa pasi, kusaidia ulinzi na pia kushiriki katika kujenga mashambulizi. Katika soka la kisasa, kiungo anaweza kuwa na majukumu mbalimbali kulingana na mfumo wa kocha. Baadhi ya viungo huzingatia zaidi ulinzi na kuvunja mashambulizi ya wapinzani, wakati wengine hushiriki zaidi katika kutengeneza nafasi na kusambaza mipira kwa washambuliaji. Kwa ujumla, nafasi hii inahitaji uelewa mzuri wa mchezo, uwezo wa kufanya maamuzi ya haraka na nidhamu ya kimkakati. Kuchezea Maccabi Tel Aviv kunamweka Sissokho katika mazingira ya ushindani wa ligi kuu ya Israel. Israeli Premier League ndiyo ngazi ya juu ya soka la klabu nchini Israel, na kushiriki katika mashindano hayo humpa mchezaji fursa ya kukutana na wapinzani mbalimbali katika soka la kitaaluma. Kwa Sissokho, uzoefu huo ni sehemu ya safari yake ya kuendelea kujijenga kama mchezaji wa kiwango cha juu. Maccabi Tel Aviv ni moja ya klabu zinazojulikana katika soka la Israel, na kushiriki katika klabu hiyo kunaweza kumpa mchezaji uzoefu wa aina mbalimbali wa mashindano ya kitaifa na, kulingana na msimu, mashindano ya kimataifa ya klabu. Mazingira kama haya yana umuhimu kwa wachezaji wanaotaka kuendeleza taaluma zao na kupata uzoefu wa kucheza katika viwango tofauti vya ushindani. Kwa upande wa soka la Mali, Sissokho ni miongoni mwa wachezaji wanaowakilisha kizazi cha soka la nchi hiyo katika ngazi ya klabu nje ya Mali. Wachezaji kutoka Mali wamekuwa wakitafuta fursa katika ligi mbalimbali za Ulaya, Afrika na maeneo mengine, huku wengine wakijenga taaluma zao kupitia mifumo ya soka ya kimataifa. Sissokho naye anaendelea na safari yake kupitia soka la Israel. Akiwa kiungo, maendeleo yake yanahusisha vipengele kama kuongeza ufanisi katika pasi, kudhibiti kasi ya mchezo, kusaidia timu wakati wa kupoteza mpira na kushirikiana na wachezaji wa safu nyingine. Uwezo wa kiungo kusoma mchezo na kutambua nafasi zinazohitaji msaada ni muhimu katika kuhakikisha timu inakuwa na uwiano mzuri kati ya ulinzi na mashambulizi. Kwa ujumla, Issouf Bemba Sissokho ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka Mali aliyezaliwa tarehe 30 Januari 2002. Anacheza katika nafasi ya kiungo na kwa sasa ni sehemu ya Maccabi Tel Aviv katika Israeli Premier League. Safari yake ya kisoka inaendelea kupitia ushindani wa ligi ya Israel, huku akijenga uzoefu wake kama kiungo na kuendeleza taaluma yake katika soka la kulipwa. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Mali]] 768djbhs11tdukut3h37tvohnz80cmo 0 248795 1595649 1595206 2026-09-10T02:45:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndjicoura Raymond Bomba''' alizaliwa tarehe 12 Machi 2008. Ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[Mpira wa miguu|soka]] wa kulipwa kutoka Mali anayocheza katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji (forward). Kwa sasa anachezea klabu ya Bayer Leverkusen, inayoshiriki katika Bundesliga, ligi kuu ya soka nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Bomba ni miongoni mwa wachezaji vijana kutoka Mali wanaojenga taaluma zao katika mazingira ya soka la ushindani barani Ulaya. Alizaliwa mwaka 2008, hivyo alianza kujenga taaluma yake ya soka akiwa katika kizazi cha vijana. Kucheza katika klabu kubwa ya Ujerumani kama Bayer Leverkusen kunampa mazingira ya kujifunza na kuendeleza uwezo wake akiwa bado katika hatua za mwanzo za maisha yake ya kisoka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores|url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/|work=www.flashscore.mobi|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coulibaly 3 jaar Beerschot! {{!}} Beerschot|url=https://www.beerschot.be/nieuws/coulibaly-3-jaar-beerschot|work=www.beerschot.be|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=nl|archive-date=2020-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920165755/https://www.beerschot.be/nieuws/coulibaly-3-jaar-beerschot|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sheffield United sign Ismaila Coulibaly then send him to Belgium|url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/sheffield-united/sheffield-united-sign-ismaila-coulibaly-then-send-him-to-belgium-2965737|work=The Star|date=2020-09-09|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=en}}</ref> Katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji, Bomba ana jukumu la kushiriki katika safu ya mbele ya timu. Mshambuliaji huwa na wajibu mkubwa wa kutafuta nafasi za kufunga mabao, kushirikiana na wachezaji wenzake katika kujenga mashambulizi na kuleta changamoto kwa safu ya ulinzi ya wapinzani. Pia, katika soka la kisasa, washambuliaji mara nyingi hushiriki katika kuanza presha dhidi ya wapinzani pindi timu inapopoteza mpira. Kucheza katika Bundesliga ni hatua muhimu kwa mchezaji kijana kwa sababu ligi hiyo ni miongoni mwa mashindano yenye ushindani mkubwa katika soka la Ulaya. Mazingira ya klabu kama Bayer Leverkusen yanaweza kumpa mchezaji nafasi ya kufanya mazoezi chini ya mifumo ya kisasa ya maendeleo ya vipaji. Kwa mchezaji mwenye umri mdogo, maendeleo hayo yanaweza kujumuisha kuboresha ufundi wa kutumia mpira, uelewa wa mbinu, utimamu wa mwili na uwezo wa kufanya maamuzi ndani ya uwanja. Bayer Leverkusen ni klabu yenye historia katika soka la Ujerumani na inashiriki katika Bundesliga. Kwa Bomba, kuwa sehemu ya klabu hiyo kunamweka katika mfumo wa soka unaompa fursa ya kujifunza kutokana na ushindani wa kiwango cha juu. Kama mchezaji wa nafasi ya mbele, maendeleo yake yanaweza kuhusisha kujifunza namna ya kutumia nafasi vizuri, kushirikiana na viungo na washambuliaji wengine, pamoja na kuelewa majukumu mbalimbali ya mshambuliaji katika mfumo wa timu. Asili yake ya Mali pia inamfanya kuwa sehemu ya kizazi kipya cha wachezaji wa Mali wanaopata uzoefu katika soka la kimataifa. Mali imekuwa ikitoa vipaji vya soka vinavyocheza katika mazingira mbalimbali ya ushindani. Wachezaji vijana wanaopata nafasi ya kuendeleza taaluma zao katika klabu za Ulaya wanaweza kuwa na mchango katika kizazi kijacho cha soka la Mali. Kwa ujumla, Ndjicoura Raymond Bomba ni mchezaji kijana wa soka kutoka Mali aliyezaliwa tarehe 12 Machi 2008. Anacheza kama mshambuliaji na kwa sasa ni mchezaji wa Bayer Leverkusen katika Bundesliga ya Ujerumani. Akiwa bado katika hatua za mwanzo za taaluma yake, kucheza katika mazingira ya soka la kiwango cha juu kunaweza kuwa msingi muhimu wa maendeleo yake na safari yake kuelekea kuwa mchezaji wa kiwango cha juu katika siku zijazo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Mali]] p4sp6bqgzibad1cx0zyoh9g3epz1c29 0 248802 1595617 1595095 2026-09-09T16:38:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Özlem Becerek''' (alizaliwa 22 Aprili 2002) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Uturuki]] anayebobea katika kurusha diski. == Maisha binafsi == Özlem Becerek alizaliwa mjini Uşak, Uturuki, tarehe 22 Aprili 2002. Alianza elimu yake katika Shule ya Kati ya Fatih na baadaye akaendelea katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Miaka 50 ya Maadhimisho, iliyopo katika mji wake wa Uşak. Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake ya sekondari, alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Aydın Adnan Menderes ambako alisomea ukocha wa michezo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ADÜ’lü sporcudan altın madalya|url=https://www.sesgazetesi.com.tr/adulu-sporcudan-altin-madalya|work=Aydın Ses Gazetesi {{!}} En Güncel Aydın Haberleri|date=2024-03-10|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=tr-TR|author=KAZIM YÖRÜKCE}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Becerek alianza kujitokeza katika riadha akiwa na umri wa miaka 14, alipokuwa bingwa wa Uturuki katika ngazi ya vijana. Pia ni mwanachama wa klabu ya Fenerbahçe Athletics, ambako aliendelea kuendeleza uwezo wake katika kurusha diski. Mwaka 2018, Becerek alishinda medali ya shaba katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya umri wa miaka 18 yaliyofanyika Győr, Hungary. Baadaye mwaka huo, alishinda medali nyingine ya shaba katika [[Michezo]] ya Olimpiki ya Vijana iliyofanyika Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mwaka 2019, alishinda medali ya shaba katika Tamasha la Olimpiki ya Vijana la Ulaya lililofanyika Baku, Azerbaijan. Katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 20 yaliyofanyika Borås, Sweden, alishinda medali ya fedha. Mwaka huohuo, alitwaa medali ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Balkan yaliyofanyika Pravets, Bulgaria. Mwaka 2020, Becerek alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Balkan yaliyofanyika Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Katika Kombe la Ulaya la Kurusha Vitu la 2021 huko Split, Croatia, alishinda dhahabu katika kundi la wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 23. Katika mashindano hayo pia aliboresha rekodi yake ya kitaifa ya Uturuki kwa wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 20 kutoka mita 58.09 hadi mita 58.80. Mwaka huohuo alishinda medali ya shaba katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Balkan huko Smederevo, Serbia. Katika Michezo ya Mshikamano wa Kiislamu ya 2021 iliyofanyika Konya, Uturuki, Becerek alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika kurusha diski na kuweka rekodi mpya ya mashindano kwa umbali wa mita 54.91. Pia alishiriki katika Michezo ya Dunia ya Vyuo Vikuu ya Majira ya Joto huko Chengdu, China, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya saba. Mwaka 2022, alishinda medali ya shaba katika Michezo ya Mediterania iliyofanyika Oran, Algeria, na kuweka rekodi mpya ya kitaifa ya Uturuki kwa wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 23 kwa kurusha diski umbali wa mita 61.96. Hakuweza kufuzu kwa fainali katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya ya 2022 yaliyofanyika Munich, Ujerumani. Mwaka 2023, Becerek alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika [[Mashindano]] ya Riadha ya Balkan huko Kraljevo, Serbia. Katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 23 huko Espoo, Finland, alishinda medali ya fedha. Mwaka 2024, alitwaa ubingwa wa kundi la walio chini ya miaka 23 katika Kombe la Ulaya la Kurusha Vitu lililofanyika Leiria, Ureno. Katika Mashindano ya Timu ya Riadha ya Ulaya ya Daraja la Pili mwaka 2025 yaliyofanyika Maribor, Slovenia, Becerek alishinda medali ya shaba katika kurusha diski kwa umbali wa mita 56.59 na kuipatia timu yake pointi 14. Baadaye mwaka 2025, Becerek alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika kurusha diski kwa wanawake kwenye Michezo ya Dunia ya Vyuo Vikuu ya Majira ya Joto ya FISU iliyofanyika katika eneo la Rhine-Ruhr, Ujerumani. Alitwaa nafasi ya kwanza baada ya kurusha diski umbali wa mita 61.15, na hivyo kupata mafanikio muhimu kwa Uturuki katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Özlem Becerek'ten Dünya Üniversite Oyunları'nda altın madalya|url=https://www.turkgun.com/spor/ozlem-becerekten-dunya-universite-oyunlarinda-altin-madalya/309624|work=Türkgün - Türkçe Düşün {{!}} Güncel ve Son Dakika Haberler|date=2025-07-24|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=tr|author=YAZAR: İlkay Aslan}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 21ks5x9gfni5ivwz2xdcldk5f0h8md2 0 248810 1595618 1595482 2026-09-09T16:39:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595618 wikitext text/x-wiki İl'''yas Çanakçı''' (alizaliwa 7 Septemba 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio za kasi kutoka [[Uturuki]] anayebobea katika mbio za mita 400.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Olympedia – İlyas Çanakçı|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/2504147|work=www.olympedia.org|accessdate=2026-09-07}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Çanakçı alianza kujitokeza katika mashindano ya kimataifa mwaka 2018 katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 18 yaliyofanyika Győr, Hungary. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mbio za mita 400 kwa muda wa sekunde 47.45 na pia alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 1,000 za mtindo wa Uswidi. Mwaka 2019, alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita katika mbio za mita 400 kwenye Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 20 yaliyofanyika Borås, Sweden, akitumia sekunde 46.48. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uturuki iliyoshinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400, kwa muda wa 3:08.34. Mnamo Februari 2021, Çanakçı alishinda mbio za mita 400 katika Mashindano ya Ndani ya Riadha ya Balkan yaliyofanyika Istanbul, kwa muda wa sekunde 46.91. Pia aliweka rekodi mpya ya kitaifa ya ndani katika mbio za mita 300 kwa sekunde 33.22. Katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ndani ya Ulaya ya 2021 yaliyofanyika Toruń, Poland, alifika hatua ya nusu fainali ya mita 400. Katika [[Mashindano]] ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 23 yaliyofanyika Tallinn mwaka 2021, Çanakçı alishiriki katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 na timu ya Uturuki iliyomaliza nafasi ya nne kwa muda wa 3:06.57. Mwaka 2022, alishinda tena mbio za mita 400 katika Mashindano ya Ndani ya Riadha ya Balkan, akimaliza kwa sekunde 46.58, na pia alishinda medali ya shaba katika mbio za kupokezana. Mwaka 2023, Çanakçı alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400 kwenye Mashindano ya Riadha ya [[Ulaya]] kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 23 yaliyofanyika Espoo, Finland, huku timu ya Uturuki ikitumia muda wa 3:03.04.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=http://results.2021chengdu.com/|url=http://results.2021chengdu.com/|work=results.2021chengdu.com|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=zh-CN}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika Michezo ya Dunia ya Vyuo Vikuu ya 2021, ambayo ilifanyika Chengdu, China, mwaka 2023 baada ya kuahirishwa, Çanakçı alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uturuki iliyoshinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za kupokezana za mita 4 × 400. Timu hiyo iliyokuwa na Çanakçı, Kubilay Ençü, Berke Akçam na İsmail Nezir ilimaliza fainali kwa muda wa 3:03.46. Çanakçı pia amekuwa bingwa wa Uturuki mara kadhaa katika mbio za mita 200 na mita 400. Rekodi yake binafsi katika mita 400 ni sekunde 45.86, iliyowekwa mwaka 2025. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Uturuki]] 61zyzx3h9ag6gjjzewcp3pv1x9kvz47 0 248820 1595638 1595194 2026-09-09T22:58:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evin Demir''' (alizaliwa 16 Februari 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa Uturuki anayeshiriki katika mbio za kutembea za riadha, akibobea katika mbio za mita 5,000 na mita 10,000. Anatokea Sancaktepe, Istanbul. Awali alikuwa mwanachama wa klabu ya Sancaktepe Spor kabla ya kuhamia Enka SK.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Evin DEMİR {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/turkey/evin-demir-14825462|work=worldathletics.org|accessdate=2026-09-07}}</ref> == Kazi ya riadha == Mwaka 2018, Demir alishiriki katika mbio za kutembea za [[mita]] 5,000 kwenye Mashindano ya Riadha ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya Miaka 18, yaliyofanyika Győr, Hungary. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya nne. Mwaka huo huo, alishiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2018 iliyofanyika Buenos Aires, Argentina. Katika mashindano hayo, Demir alishiriki katika mbio za kutembea za mita 5,000 za wasichana na kumaliza katika nafasi ya sita. Mwaka 2019, Demir aliendelea kupata mafanikio katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya mbio za kutembea. Katika [[Mashindano]] ya Balkan ya Mbio za Kutembea ya 2019, yaliyofanyika Alexandroupoli, Ugiriki, alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika mbio za kilomita 10 kwa kundi la wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 20. Baadaye mwaka huo, Demir alishiriki katika Kombe la Ulaya la Mbio za Kutembea la 2019, lililofanyika Alytus, Lithuania. Alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za kilomita 10 kwa kundi la wanariadha walio chini ya miaka 20. Alimaliza nyuma ya mwenzake kutoka [[Uturuki]], Meryem Bekmez. Demir pia alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Ulaya kwa Wanariadha walio chini ya Miaka 20 ya 2019, yaliyofanyika Borås, Sweden. Katika mashindano hayo alishinda medali ya fedha katika mbio za mita 10,000. Kama ilivyokuwa katika Kombe la Ulaya la Mbio za Kutembea, alimaliza nyuma ya Meryem Bekmez. Katika hatua za mwanzo za taaluma yake, Demir hivyo alijijengea rekodi nzuri katika mashindano ya vijana, akishinda medali za dhahabu na fedha katika mashindano ya Balkan na Ulaya. Ushiriki wake katika mashindano ya kimataifa kuanzia mwaka 2018 pia ulimsaidia kupata uzoefu katika mbio za kutembea za masafa marefu na kuwakilisha Uturuki katika mashindano mbalimbali ya kimataifa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Meryem Bekmez'den altın madalya|date=2019-07-21|url=https://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/meryem-bekmezden-altin-madalya.html|work=BirGün Gazetesi|language=tr-TR|access-date=2026-09-07|archive-date=2019-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722134950/https://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/meryem-bekmezden-altin-madalya.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Uturuki]] a5f0sv5agmkebektu2m4cqlziy6unu2 0 248862 1595614 1595162 2026-09-09T16:32:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaroslava Oleksiivna Mahuchikh''' (kwa Kiukraine: Ярослава Олексіївна Магучіх; alizaliwa 19 Septemba 2001) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Ukraine]] anayebobea katika kuruka kwa urefu na ndiye mshikilizi wa rekodi ya dunia ya kuruka kwa urefu kwa wanawake. Amewahi kushinda mataji matatu ya ngazi ya juu duniani, yakiwemo Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ndani ya 2022 na 2026, Mashindano ya Dunia ya 2023, na Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2024. Pia ni mshindi mara tatu wa taji la jumla la Ligi ya Almasi. Katika mashindano ya Ligi ya Almasi mjini Paris mwaka 2024, Mahuchikh alivunja rekodi ya dunia ya kuruka kwa urefu kwa wanawake kwa kuruka mita 2.10. == Maisha ya awali == Mahuchikh alizaliwa tarehe 19 Septemba 2001 katika mji wa Dnipropetrovsk, ambao sasa unajulikana kama Dnipro, Ukraine. Wazazi wake ni Olha na Oleksiy Mahuchikh. Baba yake, Oleksiy, alikuwa mwanariadha wa mitumbwi, huku [[mama]] yake, Olha, akiwa mtaalamu wa mazoezi ya viungo na pia aliwahi kushiriki riadha. Dada yake mkubwa, Anastasia Hryhorovich, alijihusisha na karate na riadha na aliiwakilisha Ukraine katika mashindano ya karate.<ref>{{Citation|last=Baumann|first=Natascha|title=She Moves Us: Interview with the World Indoor Champion in high jump, Yaroslava Mahuchikh - PUMA CATch up|date=2022-03-31|url=https://www.puma-catchup.com/she-moves-us-interview-with-the-world-indoor-champion-in-high-jump-yaroslava-mahuchikh/|work=PUMA CATch up|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-07}}</ref> Mahuchikh alianza kujihusisha na michezo akiwa na umri wa miaka saba, akifuata mfano wa dada yake. Mwanzoni alijaribu karate baada ya kuandamana na dada yake kwenye mafunzo, lakini hakupendezwa na mchezo huo na akaacha baada ya kujaribu mara chache. Baadaye dada yake alimpeleka katika klabu ya michezo ya eneo lao ili aanze kujifunza riadha. Mahuchikh alianza kufundishwa na Olena Kutsenko, ambaye alikuwa kocha wa dada yake. Kilichoanza kama mafunzo ya kawaida kwa mtoto kiligeuka kuwa mazoezi ya kina ya riadha. Kabla ya kujikita katika kuruka kwa urefu, Mahuchikh alishiriki katika mbio za kasi, mbio za kuruka viunzi na kuruka kwa urefu wa mlalo. Kocha wake wa sasa, Tetiana Stepanova, alijiunga na klabu ya michezo mjini Dnipro Mahuchikh alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 11. Mwanzoni Kutsenko na Stepanova walimfundisha kwa pamoja, lakini walipoachana Mahuchikh aliendelea chini ya uongozi wa Stepanova akiwa na umri wa miaka 13. Chini ya Stepanova, Mahuchikh aliendelea kuboresha uwezo wake na hatimaye akajikita katika kuruka kwa [[urefu]]. Maendeleo yake yalikuwa ya haraka katika miaka iliyofuata na kumsaidia kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha bora wa dunia katika mchezo huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ескіз олівцем. Яка вона, Ярослава Магучих, 18-річна сенсація з України|url=https://glavcom.ua/sport/publications/eskiz-olivcem-yaka-vona-yaroslava-maguchih-18-richna-sensaciya-z-ukrajini-629220.html|work=ГЛАВКОМ|date=2019-10-01|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=uk}}</ref> Mbali na riadha, Mahuchikh alihudhuria pia masomo ya uimbaji na sanaa alipokuwa mtoto. Alipenda kuchora na kupaka rangi na alishiriki katika mashindano ya sanaa hadi karibu mwaka 2015 au 2016. Awali alitamani kuwa msanii au mwimbaji, lakini malengo yake yalibadilika baada ya kuanza kujikita katika riadha. Baadaye alijiunga na Shule ya Juu ya Elimu ya Mazoezi ya Viungo ya Dnipro, ambako alisomea ili kutimiza azma yake mpya ya kuwa kocha wa michezo. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ukraina]] 6ahw3q1dj6b4mcckjetsg6wyj7rf4if 0 248916 1595751 1595346 2026-09-10T11:03:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1595751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (alifariki [[İzmit|Nikomedia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[257]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliouawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Valerian|Valerianus]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[10 Machi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliofariki 257]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] l6bxriwy3fr6q6azmfl92joq2jlezl7 0 248932 1595687 1595443 2026-09-10T08:56:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michel Chalhoub''' ( [[9 Oktoba]] [[1931]] – [[30 Julai]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Syria]] na [[Ufaransa]] na mwanzilishi wa Chalhoub Group<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Samet|first=Janie|title=Michel Chalhoub|publisher=[[Assouline]]|year=2008|pages=10–11}}</ref>. Kufikia Agosti 2021, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.1.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michel-chalhoub/ |title=Forbes profile: Michel Chalhoub |work=Forbes |accessdate=1 August 2021}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Michel Chalhoub alizaliwa [[Damascus]], Syria, mwaka 1931. == Kazi == Michel na Widad Chalhoub walianza biashara yao huko Damascus mwaka 1955. Baada ya mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Syria na kutokuwa na uhakika wa kiuchumi, walilazimika kuhamia [[Beirut]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Family Firms Ruling Fashion in the Gulf States {{!}} Global Currents, Market GPS {{!}} BoF|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/amp/articles/market-gps/the-family-firms-ruling-fashion-in-the-gulf-states|access-date=31 July 2021|website=www.businessoffashion.com|archive-date=2021-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731145434/https://www.businessoffashion.com/amp/articles/market-gps/the-family-firms-ruling-fashion-in-the-gulf-states|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muongo mmoja baadaye, kutokana na Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya [[Lebanoni]], walihamia [[Kuwait]] ambako kampuni ilistawi na wanawe, Anthony na Patrick, walijiunga na Kikundi. Mwaka 1990, baada ya uvamizi wa Kuwait, ikifuatiwa na Vita vya Ghuba, walianzisha operesheni ya uhamisho ili kuendeleza kampuni.<ref name="thenational.ae">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/family-man-luxuriates-in-joint-rule-1.407354|title=Family man luxuriates in joint rule|website=The National|date=20 January 2012 |location=Abu Dhabi|access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> Waliishia kudhibiti takriban asilimia 20 ya soko la bidhaa za kifahari katika eneo hilo. Binti-mkwe wa Chalhoub, Ingie, anamiliki Etoile Group, biashara ya bidhaa za kifahari katika Mashariki ya Kati.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Bellheather |first=Diana |date=2020-04-23 |title=An afternoon with Middle East’s ‘first lady of luxury’ Ingie Chalhoub |url=https://emirateswoman.com/afternoon-middle-east-first-lady-luxury-ingie-chalhoub/ |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Emirates Woman |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Syria]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Syria]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] 6i7iwuh2mbj1vrajrhaai5bcpqxwuxp 0 248952 1595613 1595489 2026-09-09T16:31:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced. 1595613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xavier Niel''' (alizaliwa [[25 Agosti]] [[1967]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] na mwekezaji bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mwenyehisa mkuu wa kikundi cha mawasiliano Iliad na mwenyehisa mkubwa wa Vodafone Group na Westfield Group na mmiliki mwenza wa gazeti Le Monde. Niel pia anahudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Iliad, na anakaa kwenye bodi ya KKR na ByteDance.<ref name="http://www.ft.com/">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Kuper|first=Simon|date=3 May 2013|title=Lunch with the FT: Xavier Niel|url=https://www.ft.com/content/22167134-b24a-11e2-8540-00144feabdc0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303223548/https://www.ft.com/content/22167134-b24a-11e2-8540-00144feabdc0|archive-date=3 March 2017|website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.iliad.fr/en/equipe.html|title= Iliad management team |publisher= Iliad|access-date= 21 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ir.kkr.com/corporate-governance/|title = Corporate Governance – KKR & Co. Inc. – Investor Relations}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.urw.com/fr-fr/website~o~content/person/sb/xavier-niel|title = Xavier NIEL}}</ref> Kufikia Julai 2026, utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa [[€]] bilioni 30.1 na jarida la ''Challenges'' <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Xavier Niel et sa famille — Classement des Fortunes 2026 - Challenges |url=https://www.challenges.fr/classements/fortune/xavier-niel-et-sa-famille_26543 |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=www.challenges.fr}}</ref>dola za Marekani bilioni 16 na [[Forbes]]<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Xavier Niel |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/xavier-niel/?sh=ef6e6ec50224 |website=Forbes |access-date=18 July 2026}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9l9j3wj4sagkjmghdd6ry4hvf69u5uu 0 248956 1595556 1595501 2026-09-09T12:09:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques-Antoine Granjon''' (alizaliwa [[9 Agosti]] [[1962]]) huko [[Marseille]], Ufaransa, ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]] na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Veepee. Kufikia Julai 2026, utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa [[€]] bilioni 1.3.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Jacques-Antoine Granjon — Classement des Fortunes 2026 - Challenges |url=https://www.challenges.fr/classements/fortune/jacques-antoine-granjon_26626 |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=www.challenges.fr}}</ref> === Elimu === Granjon alimaliza elimu yake katika Shule ya Biashara ya [[Ulaya]] (EBS) na lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague huko [[Paris]]. === Kazi === Mwanzoni mwa kazi yake, Granjon, pamoja na rafiki yake Julien Sorbac kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya Ulaya, walianzisha Cofotex, kampuni iliyobobea katika biashara ya jumla. Mwaka 1996, alinunua nyumba za zamani za uchapishaji za gazeti la Ufaransa Le Monde huko Plaine-Saint-Denis ili ziwe makao makuu ya kampuni. Cofotex hatimaye ikawa sehemu ya Veepee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2011-06-10 |title=Qui est Jacques-Antoine Granjon, patron de vente-privee.com, roi des démarques sur internet |url=https://www.20minutes.fr/economie/739231-20110610-jacques-antoine-granjon-patron-vente-priveecom-roi-demarques-internet |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=www.20minutes.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>[http://www.immoweek.fr/immobilier/professionnels/jacques-antoine-granjon-5097Title=Professionals: Jacques-Antoine Granjon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029115704/http://www.immoweek.fr/immobilier/professionnels/jacques-antoine-granjon-5097Title=Professionals: |date=2014-10-29 }}, ''ImmoWeek''</ref><ref>[http://www.franceinfo.fr/emission/un-monde-d-idees/2013-2014/un-monde-d-idees-du-03-06-2014-06-03-2014-05-20Title=Jacques-Antoine Granjon : "Je me vois mal quitter la France pour payer moins d'impôts"], ''Franceinfo''</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pq5aaimkrym3kmekcs4xvqk6wl8tz34 1595654 1595556 2026-09-10T03:08:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques-Antoine Granjon''' (alizaliwa [[9 Agosti]] [[1962]]) huko [[Marseille]], Ufaransa, ni mfanyabiashara bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]] na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Veepee. Kufikia Julai 2026, utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa [[€]] bilioni 1.3.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Jacques-Antoine Granjon — Classement des Fortunes 2026 - Challenges |url=https://www.challenges.fr/classements/fortune/jacques-antoine-granjon_26626 |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=www.challenges.fr}}</ref> === Elimu === Granjon alimaliza elimu yake katika Shule ya Biashara ya [[Ulaya]] (EBS) na lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague huko [[Paris]]. === Kazi === Mwanzoni mwa kazi yake, Granjon, pamoja na rafiki yake Julien Sorbac kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya Ulaya, walianzisha Cofotex, kampuni iliyobobea katika biashara ya jumla. Mwaka 1996, alinunua nyumba za zamani za uchapishaji za gazeti la Ufaransa Le Monde huko Plaine-Saint-Denis ili ziwe makao makuu ya kampuni. Cofotex hatimaye ikawa sehemu ya Veepee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2011-06-10 |title=Qui est Jacques-Antoine Granjon, patron de vente-privee.com, roi des démarques sur internet |url=https://www.20minutes.fr/economie/739231-20110610-jacques-antoine-granjon-patron-vente-priveecom-roi-demarques-internet |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=www.20minutes.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>[http://www.immoweek.fr/immobilier/professionnels/jacques-antoine-granjon-5097Title=Professionals: Jacques-Antoine Granjon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029115704/http://www.immoweek.fr/immobilier/professionnels/jacques-antoine-granjon-5097Title=Professionals: |date=2014-10-29 }}, ''ImmoWeek''</ref><ref>[http://www.franceinfo.fr/emission/un-monde-d-idees/2013-2014/un-monde-d-idees-du-03-06-2014-06-03-2014-05-20Title=Jacques-Antoine Granjon : "Je me vois mal quitter la France pour payer moins d'impôts"]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Franceinfo''</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kmb1vdb540c94zgl58wi1b8i6saz1xk 0 248978 1595603 1595524 2026-09-09T15:10:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1595603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippe Ginestet''' (alizaliwa [[15 Aprili]] [[1954]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], na mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na mmiliki wa GiFi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/philippe-ginestet/|title=Philippe Ginestet|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Kazi == Philippe Ginestet alizaliwa tarehe 15 Aprili 1954 huko Sainte-Livrade-sur-Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Ufaransa. Ginestet ni mmoja wa watu tajiri zaidi nchini Ufaransa na mmoja wa wauzaji wakubwa wa nguo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/les-petits-secrets-de-philippe-ginestet-le-repreneur-de-tati-1246645 |title=L'Étonnant management de Philippe Ginestet, le repreneur de Tati |date=28 September 2017 |access-date=5 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803000937/https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/les-petits-secrets-de-philippe-ginestet-le-repreneur-de-tati-1246645 |archive-date=3 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.challenges.fr/classements/fortune/philippe-ginestet-et-sa-famille_259|title=La fortune de Philippe Ginestet et sa famille - Les 500 plus grandes fortunes de France|website=Challenges|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref> Ginestet alianzisha GiFi, maduka ya punguzo Ufaransa mwaka 1981.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Philippe Ginestet |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/philippe-ginestet/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=4 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105012154/https://www.forbes.com/profile/philippe-ginestet/ |archive-date=5 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Groupe Philippe Ginestet (GPG) ina zaidi ya maduka 700 nchini Ufaransa na [[Ubelgiji]]. Mwanawe Alexandre Ginestet ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://fashionunited.com/executive/report/groupe-philippe-ginestet-approaches-weinberg-capital-partners-to-buy-besson/2018053021471|title=Groupe Philippe Ginestet approaches Weinberg Capital Partners to buy Besson|last=Elven|first=Marjorie van|date=2018-05-30|website=fashionunited.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 08o4wdn2z75u8ix1ho83zxe0t3jox86 0 248984 1595607 1595541 2026-09-09T15:34:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Serge Dassault''' ( [[4 Aprili]] [[1925]] – [[28 Mei]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mhandisi]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Dassault Group, na mwanasiasa wa kihafidhina. Kulingana na [[Forbes]], utajiri wa Dassault ulikadiriwa mwaka 2016 kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 15.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/5785317031358e0aa22e0900/3-serge-dassault/#10f2e7817c79|title=Serge Dassault&nbsp;— pg.19|last=Adams|first=Henri|website=Forbes|access-date=27 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Biographie">{{cite web |url=https://www.whoswho.fr/decede/biographie-serge-dassault_7426 |title=Serge Dassault |work=Who's Who in France |access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] s6ndg8k6r2quokiaqby0ts7cabqe26q 0 248987 1595565 1595548 2026-09-09T13:11:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurent Dassault''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], na mkurugenzi mwenza msimamizi wa Dassault Group, kikundi cha kampuni cha Ufaransa kilichoanzishwa na babu yake, [[Marcel Dassault]].<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Laurent Dassault |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/laurent-dassault/ |access-date=12 October 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Dassault Group, hasa, ina maslahi ya biashara katika tasnia ya anga na programu za kompyuta. Kufikia Juni 2025, utajiri wake unakadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 10.7.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Laurent Dassault |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/laurent-dassault/ |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ajvyez9yb197bt71xf5m2l3y05w48mz 0 248991 1595558 2026-09-09T12:23:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[image:Santa_Zoa,_Mártir_(escola_portuguesa,_século_XVIII).png|thumb|250px|Mt. Zoe alivyochorwa katika [[karne ya 18]].]] '''Zoe wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[286]] hivi) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[ukoo]] bora wa [[Roma ya Kale]] aliyeolewa na [[afisa]] Nicostratus. Kisha kujiunga na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103567-martyr-zoe-at-rome|title=Martyr Zoe at Rome|author=[[Orthodox Church in America]]|website=oca...' 1595558 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Santa_Zoa,_Mártir_(escola_portuguesa,_século_XVIII).png|thumb|250px|Mt. Zoe alivyochorwa katika [[karne ya 18]].]] '''Zoe wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[286]] hivi) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[ukoo]] bora wa [[Roma ya Kale]] aliyeolewa na [[afisa]] Nicostratus. Kisha kujiunga na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103567-martyr-zoe-at-rome|title=Martyr Zoe at Rome|author=[[Orthodox Church in America]]|website=oca.org}}</ref>, aliuawa kwa kupatikana akisali katika [[kaburi]] la [[Mtume Petro]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]<ref>[https://archive.org/details/livesoffathersma01butluoft/page/184/mode/2up?q=Zoe Butler, Alban. ''The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', Vol.I]</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Zoe at Rome |url=http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/17097 |access-date=28 October 2019 |publisher=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608203336/http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/17097 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[5 Julai]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martyr Sebastian at Rome, and his companions |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103565-martyr-sebastian-at-rome-and. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 286]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 8s89wt5a18sg669o48li5jqhmi29hxm 1595559 1595558 2026-09-09T12:26:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595559 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Santa_Zoa,_Mártir_(escola_portuguesa,_século_XVIII).png|thumb|250px|Mt. Zoe alivyochorwa katika [[karne ya 18]].]] '''Zoe wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[286]] hivi) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[ukoo]] bora wa [[Roma ya Kale]] aliyeolewa na [[afisa]] Nicostratus. Kisha kujiunga na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103567-martyr-zoe-at-rome|title=Martyr Zoe at Rome|author=[[Orthodox Church in America]]|website=oca.org}}</ref>, aliuawa kwa kupatikana akisali katika [[kaburi]] la [[Mtume Petro]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]<ref>[https://archive.org/details/livesoffathersma01butluoft/page/184/mode/2up?q=Zoe Butler, Alban. ''The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', Vol.I]</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Zoe at Rome |url=http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/17097 |access-date=28 October 2019 |publisher=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608203336/http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/17097 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[5 Julai]], lakini pia pamoja na Mt. [[Sebastiani mfiadini|Sebastiani]] aliyemponya ububu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martyr Sebastian at Rome, and his companions |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103565-martyr-sebastian-at-rome-and-his-companions |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.oca.org}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 286]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] n6mdkkix1uyoskknxfzgc7szwevpco1 1595616 1595559 2026-09-09T16:37:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595616 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Santa_Zoa,_Mártir_(escola_portuguesa,_século_XVIII).png|thumb|250px|Mt. Zoe alivyochorwa katika [[karne ya 18]].]] '''Zoe wa Roma''' (alifariki [[Roma]], [[286]] hivi) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[ukoo]] bora wa [[Roma ya Kale]] aliyeolewa na [[afisa]] Nicostratus. Kisha kujiunga na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103567-martyr-zoe-at-rome|title=Martyr Zoe at Rome|author=[[Orthodox Church in America]]|website=oca.org}}</ref>, aliuawa kwa kupatikana akisali katika [[kaburi]] la [[Mtume Petro]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]<ref>[https://archive.org/details/livesoffathersma01butluoft/page/184/mode/2up?q=Zoe Butler, Alban. ''The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', Vol.I]</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Zoe at Rome |url=http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/17097 |access-date=28 October 2019 |publisher=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608203336/http://ww1.antiochian.org/node/17097 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[5 Julai]], lakini pia pamoja na Mt. [[Sebastiani mfiadini|Sebastiani]] aliyemponya ububu <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Martyr Sebastian at Rome, and his companions |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2013/12/18/103565-martyr-sebastian-at-rome-and-his-companions |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.oca.org}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 286]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 0aanrsa0nag8ckj4fdg1coaqu6jv2e7 0 248992 1595560 2026-09-09T12:44:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Bonifatius.jpg|thumb|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Mt. Bonifasi.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[Roma]], [[karne ya 3]] - [[Tarso]], [[Kilikia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[14 Mei]] [[307]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliofia [[dini]] ya [[Ukristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|makaisari]] [[Galerius]] na [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]. Hayajulikani mengine ya hakika kuhusu [[historia]] yake, ila tangu kale anaheshimiwa na Wakatoliki na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama mta...' 1595560 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bonifatius.jpg|thumb|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Mt. Bonifasi.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[Roma]], [[karne ya 3]] - [[Tarso]], [[Kilikia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]], [[14 Mei]] [[307]]) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] waliofia [[dini]] ya [[Ukristo]] wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|makaisari]] [[Galerius]] na [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]. Hayajulikani mengine ya hakika kuhusu [[historia]] yake, ila tangu kale anaheshimiwa na Wakatoliki na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[14 Mei]], lakini pengine tarehe [[19 Desemba]] pamoja na Aglaida (pia: Aglaia au Aglae)<ref name=oca>[https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2011/12/19/103583-martyr-boniface-at-tarsus-in-cilicia-and-righteous-aglaa-of-rome "Martyr Boniface at Tarsus in Cilicia, and Righteous Aglaϊa of Rome", OCA]</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commonscat-inline|Saint Bonifatius from Tarsus|Boniface of Tarsus}} *[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=103584 ''St. Aglaida (Aglae) of Rome''] *[http://www.orthodox.net/menaion-december/19-holy-martyr-boniface.html Orthodox Christian Menaion for December] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080513043956/http://saints.sqpn.com/saintb31.htm Patron Saints Index: ''Saint Boniface of Tarsus''] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 3|307}} [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] afbkpjgtde4s5cx51mdnepwg0yu37nl 0 248993 1595569 2026-09-09T13:33:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jean-Louis Dumas''' alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Aliongoza Hermès kuanzia 1978 hadi 2006. Aliacha alama yake katika ulimwengu wa mitindo. Alianza kazi yake katika Hermès mwaka 1964, akawa mkurugenzi msimamizi mwaka 1971 chini ya usimamizi wa baba yake, Robert Dumas, na kisha mwenyekiti mwaka 1978. Alianzisha ubunifu mkubwa, alipanua anuwai ya bidhaa na kuendeleza uwepo wa kimataifa wa Hermès. Chini ya uongozi wake, Hermès ilijita...' 1595569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Louis Dumas''' alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Aliongoza Hermès kuanzia 1978 hadi 2006. Aliacha alama yake katika ulimwengu wa mitindo. Alianza kazi yake katika Hermès mwaka 1964, akawa mkurugenzi msimamizi mwaka 1971 chini ya usimamizi wa baba yake, Robert Dumas, na kisha mwenyekiti mwaka 1978. Alianzisha ubunifu mkubwa, alipanua anuwai ya bidhaa na kuendeleza uwepo wa kimataifa wa Hermès. Chini ya uongozi wake, Hermès ilijitanua katika maeneo kama vile nguo zilizotengenezwa tayari, hariri na utengenezaji wa saa, na ilinunua chapa za kifahari kama John Lobb na Puiforcat. Uundaji wa mfuko wa Birkin, kufuatia mkutano wa bahati na Jane Birkin, unaashiria roho ya ubunifu na mafanikio ya Hermès.<ref name=pierrealexis>{{Cite journal |last1=Evin |first1=Florence |title=Pierre-Alexis Dumas, blanchi sous le harnais |journal=[[Le Monde]] |date=9 February 2010 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2010/02/09/pierre-alexis-dumas-blanchi-sous-le-harnais_1303249_3234.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=former>{{Cite journal |title=Jean-Louis Dumas, Former Hermès CEO, Dies |journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |date=1 May 2010 |url=https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/feature/jean-louis-dumas-dies-at-72-3056860-1324762/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=lvmh>{{Cite journal |last1=Legrand |first1=Salomé |title=Hermès-LVMH : le "Dallas" du luxe français |journal=[[France Info]] |date=31 May 2013 |url=https://www.franceinfo.fr/economie/entreprises/hermes-lvmh-le-dallas-du-luxe-francais_337054.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] b3qsm4pnn082xmtv7kuy0a4uu0vref0 1595627 1595569 2026-09-09T18:10:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1595627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Louis Dumas''' alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Aliongoza Hermès kuanzia 1978 hadi 2006. Aliacha alama yake katika ulimwengu wa mitindo. Alianza kazi yake katika Hermès mwaka 1964, akawa mkurugenzi msimamizi mwaka 1971 chini ya usimamizi wa baba yake, Robert Dumas, na kisha mwenyekiti mwaka 1978. Alianzisha ubunifu mkubwa, alipanua anuwai ya bidhaa na kuendeleza uwepo wa kimataifa wa Hermès. Chini ya uongozi wake, Hermès ilijitanua katika maeneo kama vile nguo zilizotengenezwa tayari, hariri na utengenezaji wa saa, na ilinunua chapa za kifahari kama John Lobb na Puiforcat. Uundaji wa mfuko wa Birkin, kufuatia mkutano wa bahati na Jane Birkin, unaashiria roho ya ubunifu na mafanikio ya Hermès.<ref name=pierrealexis>{{Rejea jarida |last1=Evin |first1=Florence |title=Pierre-Alexis Dumas, blanchi sous le harnais |journal=[[Le Monde]] |date=9 February 2010 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2010/02/09/pierre-alexis-dumas-blanchi-sous-le-harnais_1303249_3234.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=former>{{Rejea jarida |title=Jean-Louis Dumas, Former Hermès CEO, Dies |journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]] |date=1 May 2010 |url=https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/feature/jean-louis-dumas-dies-at-72-3056860-1324762/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=lvmh>{{Rejea jarida |last1=Legrand |first1=Salomé |title=Hermès-LVMH : le "Dallas" du luxe français |journal=[[France Info]] |date=31 May 2013 |url=https://www.franceinfo.fr/economie/entreprises/hermes-lvmh-le-dallas-du-luxe-francais_337054.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] ifoquncje9li8fe76qgzegj94d8ztac 0 248994 1595570 2026-09-09T13:36:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Aquilina_old_icon.gif|thumb|Mt. Akwilina alivyochorwa.]] '''Akwilina wa Byblos''' ([[281]] - [[293]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] wa [[Byblos]]<ref name=oca>[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/06/13/101712-martyr-aquilina-of-byblos-in-syria "Martyr Aquilina of Byblos in Syria", Orthodox Church in America]</ref>, leo [[Jebeil]], [[Lebanoni]]) aliyeteswa<ref name=antiochian>[http://www.antiochian.org/node/18806 "St. Aquilina of Byblos", Antiochian Orthodox Catho...' 1595570 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aquilina_old_icon.gif|thumb|Mt. Akwilina alivyochorwa.]] '''Akwilina wa Byblos''' ([[281]] - [[293]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] wa [[Byblos]]<ref name=oca>[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/06/13/101712-martyr-aquilina-of-byblos-in-syria "Martyr Aquilina of Byblos in Syria", Orthodox Church in America]</ref>, leo [[Jebeil]], [[Lebanoni]]) aliyeteswa<ref name=antiochian>[http://www.antiochian.org/node/18806 "St. Aquilina of Byblos", Antiochian Orthodox Catholic Archdiocese of North America]</ref> na kuuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake chini ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Dioklesyano]] kwa sababu alimuongoa [[binti]] mwingine aingie [[Ukristo]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://maroniteinstitute.org/MARI/JMS/april99/Aquilina_the_Martyr_Saint.htm |title="Aquilina the Martyr Saint of Byblos", Maronite Institute |access-date=2013-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203034023/http://maroniteinstitute.org/MARI/JMS/april99/Aquilina_the_Martyr_Saint.htm |archive-date=2014-02-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Tangu kale anaheshiniwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[13 Juni]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://www.flickr.com/photos/24652544@N03/2960754136/in/photostream/ Image of Catholic Aquilina] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|281|293}} [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:watakatifu wa Lebanoni]] 86xqflv2tliqzjkc81shs55rcaet6j6 14 248995 1595571 2026-09-09T13:37:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:293]]' 1595571 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:293]] 2rjunawzj6rtp7hpv0qsi83nsg3ulnj 0 248996 1595572 2026-09-09T13:54:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Louis Le Duff''' (alizaliwa [[1945]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], na mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Groupe Le Duff na mnyororo wa mikate ya Brioche Dorée.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Louis Le Duff |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/louis-le-duff/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Le Duff alienda shule katika Lycée de la Croix-Rouge, Brest. Alipata s...' 1595572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Le Duff''' (alizaliwa [[1945]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], na mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Groupe Le Duff na mnyororo wa mikate ya Brioche Dorée.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Louis Le Duff |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/louis-le-duff/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Le Duff alienda shule katika Lycée de la Croix-Rouge, Brest. Alipata shahada ya kwanza kutoka École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers (ESSCA), Shahada ya biashara kutoka Université de Sherbrooke, Kanada, na PhD katika sayansi ya usimamizi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Rennes.<ref name="groupeleduff.com">{{cite web|url=https://en.groupeleduff.com/home/louis-le-duff|title=Louis LE DUFF - Groupe LE DUFF|author=|date=|website=groupeleduff.com|accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref> == Kazi == Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu katika Shule ya Biashara ya Rouen, na kisha mhadhiri katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rennes 1, [[Rennes]]. Le Duff alifungua tawi la kwanza la Brioche Dorée huko Brest mwaka 1976. Mnyororo sasa una maeneo 1,310 katika nchi 80. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2e335jadnyy5s49th13vee1kshcgsmf 0 248997 1595573 2026-09-09T13:57:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Milano_-_Duomo_0489.jpg|[[Sanamu]] ya Karpoforo juu ya [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Milano]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}} Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini''' (walifariki [[Como]], [[Italia Kaskazini]], [[295]] hivi) walikuwa [[askari]] wa [[jeshi]] la [[Roma ya Kale]] inasemekana katika [[kikosi cha Thebe]] kilichoongozwa na [[Morisi Mtakatifu]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92655</ref>. Kufuatana na [[mapokeo]] ya [[karne ya 4]] kikosi hicho kilijumlish...' 1595573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Milano_-_Duomo_0489.jpg|[[Sanamu]] ya Karpoforo juu ya [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Milano]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}} Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini''' (walifariki [[Como]], [[Italia Kaskazini]], [[295]] hivi) walikuwa [[askari]] wa [[jeshi]] la [[Roma ya Kale]] inasemekana katika [[kikosi cha Thebe]] kilichoongozwa na [[Morisi Mtakatifu]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92655</ref>. Kufuatana na [[mapokeo]] ya [[karne ya 4]] kikosi hicho kilijumlisha wanajeshi [[Waafrika]] kutoka [[Misri]] ya [[kusini]] na [[Nubia]] waliotumwa [[Ulaya]] wakati wa [[Kaisari Maximiano]] wa [[Roma]]. Wengi wao walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Katika mapokeo ya [[sanaa ya Kikristo]] walichorwa kama Waafrika weusi. Huko [[Agaunum]] (leo [[Saint-Maurice-en-Valais]]), karibu na [[mto Rhone]], katika eneo la [[Uswisi]] wa leo, walipewa [[amri]] ya kujiandaa kwa mapigano dhidi ya waasi na kabla ya mapigano kutoa [[sadaka]] kwa [[Kaisari]] aliyeheshimiwa kama [[mungu]] mmojawapo. Wakristo hao walikataa kutoa sadaka hiyo. Kaisari alipopata habari hii akakasirika akatoa amri kuua kila [[askari]] wa kumi katika kikosi. Wakristo walipoendelea kukataa amri ilirudiwa hatimaye karibu kikosi chote kiliuawa pamoja na kiongozi chake Morisi. Hao sita walinusurika ila wakaja kuuawa baadaye huko Como <ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-carpophorus-exanthus-cassius-severinus-secundus-and-licinius/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus and Licinius". ''Book of Saints'', 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 28 September 2012]{{PD-notice}}</ref>. Wote sita waliheshimiwa mapema kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[7 Agosti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161221073429/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0807.shtml#carp Saints of August 7] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 295]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] [[jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] nf7rzl1dvserxspz10x81zrcqrxcxav 1595574 1595573 2026-09-09T13:57:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Milano_-_Duomo_0489.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] ya Karpoforo juu ya [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Milano]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}} Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini''' (walifariki [[Como]], [[Italia Kaskazini]], [[295]] hivi) walikuwa [[askari]] wa [[jeshi]] la [[Roma ya Kale]] inasemekana katika [[kikosi cha Thebe]] kilichoongozwa na [[Morisi Mtakatifu]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92655</ref>. Kufuatana na [[mapokeo]] ya [[karne ya 4]] kikosi hicho kilijumlisha wanajeshi [[Waafrika]] kutoka [[Misri]] ya [[kusini]] na [[Nubia]] waliotumwa [[Ulaya]] wakati wa [[Kaisari Maximiano]] wa [[Roma]]. Wengi wao walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Katika mapokeo ya [[sanaa ya Kikristo]] walichorwa kama Waafrika weusi. Huko [[Agaunum]] (leo [[Saint-Maurice-en-Valais]]), karibu na [[mto Rhone]], katika eneo la [[Uswisi]] wa leo, walipewa [[amri]] ya kujiandaa kwa mapigano dhidi ya waasi na kabla ya mapigano kutoa [[sadaka]] kwa [[Kaisari]] aliyeheshimiwa kama [[mungu]] mmojawapo. Wakristo hao walikataa kutoa sadaka hiyo. Kaisari alipopata habari hii akakasirika akatoa amri kuua kila [[askari]] wa kumi katika kikosi. Wakristo walipoendelea kukataa amri ilirudiwa hatimaye karibu kikosi chote kiliuawa pamoja na kiongozi chake Morisi. Hao sita walinusurika ila wakaja kuuawa baadaye huko Como <ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-carpophorus-exanthus-cassius-severinus-secundus-and-licinius/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus and Licinius". ''Book of Saints'', 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 28 September 2012]{{PD-notice}}</ref>. Wote sita waliheshimiwa mapema kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[7 Agosti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161221073429/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0807.shtml#carp Saints of August 7] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 295]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] [[jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] mgk9t2zwqkugc7dadkad94dusv47nnd 1595575 1595574 2026-09-09T13:58:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Milano_-_Duomo_0489.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] ya Karpoforo juu ya [[kanisa kuu]] la [[Milano]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}} Kasio, Severino, Sekundo na Lisini''' (walifariki [[Como]], [[Italia Kaskazini]], [[295]] hivi) walikuwa [[askari]] wa [[jeshi]] la [[Roma ya Kale]] inasemekana katika [[kikosi cha Thebe]] kilichoongozwa na [[Morisi Mtakatifu]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92655</ref>. Kufuatana na [[mapokeo]] ya [[karne ya 4]] kikosi hicho kilijumlisha wanajeshi [[Waafrika]] kutoka [[Misri]] ya [[kusini]] na [[Nubia]] waliotumwa [[Ulaya]] wakati wa [[Kaisari Maximiano]] wa [[Roma]]. Wengi wao walikuwa [[Wakristo]]. Katika mapokeo ya [[sanaa ya Kikristo]] walichorwa kama Waafrika weusi. Huko [[Agaunum]] (leo [[Saint-Maurice-en-Valais]]), karibu na [[mto Rhone]], katika eneo la [[Uswisi]] wa leo, walipewa [[amri]] ya kujiandaa kwa mapigano dhidi ya waasi na kabla ya mapigano kutoa [[sadaka]] kwa [[Kaisari]] aliyeheshimiwa kama [[mungu]] mmojawapo. Wakristo hao walikataa kutoa sadaka hiyo. Kaisari alipopata habari hii akakasirika akatoa amri kuua kila [[askari]] wa kumi katika kikosi. Wakristo walipoendelea kukataa amri ilirudiwa hatimaye karibu kikosi chote kiliuawa pamoja na kiongozi chake Morisi. Hao sita walinusurika ila wakaja kuuawa baadaye huko Como <ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-carpophorus-exanthus-cassius-severinus-secundus-and-licinius/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Carpophorus, Exanthus, Cassius, Severinus, Secundus and Licinius". ''Book of Saints'', 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 28 September 2012]</ref>. Wote sita waliheshimiwa mapema kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[7 Agosti]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161221073429/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/0807.shtml#carp Saints of August 7] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 295]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[jamii:Watakatifu wa Misri]] [[jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] rwccd9542pxrxafk2rs9kghkghhv1sq 0 248998 1595578 2026-09-09T14:11:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Urpasiano''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[305]] hivi) alikuwa [[afisa]] wa [[kaisari]] [[Galerius]] aliyefia [[Ukristo]] kwa kuchomwa [[moto]] akiwa hai katika [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Dola la Roma]], [[Nikomedia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]]<ref name=catholic>{{cite web |url=//www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1890 |title=St Urpasian |website=Catholic Online |series=Saints & Angels}}</ref><ref name=mospat>{{cite web |first=S. |last=Janos |url=//www.holytrinityort...' 1595578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urpasiano''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[305]] hivi) alikuwa [[afisa]] wa [[kaisari]] [[Galerius]] aliyefia [[Ukristo]] kwa kuchomwa [[moto]] akiwa hai katika [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Dola la Roma]], [[Nikomedia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]]<ref name=catholic>{{cite web |url=//www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1890 |title=St Urpasian |website=Catholic Online |series=Saints & Angels}}</ref><ref name=mospat>{{cite web |first=S. |last=Janos |url=//www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/los/March/09-02.htm |title=The Holy Martyr Urpasian |website=Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church |series=Lives of the Saints}}</ref><ref name=oca>{{cite web |url=http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100747 |title=Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia |website=Orthodox Church in America |series=Lives of the Saints}}</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] [[tarehe]] [[9 Machi]]; kwa [[Wakatoliki]] ni [[tarehe]] [[13 Machi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Category:Waliofariki 305]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] 85mjved9pzi6j09x2lkgncbu77h8dqw 1595752 1595578 2026-09-10T11:04:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1595752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urpasiano''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[305]] hivi) alikuwa [[afisa]] wa [[kaisari]] [[Galerius]] aliyefia [[Ukristo]] kwa kuchomwa [[moto]] akiwa hai katika [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Dola la Roma]], [[Nikomedia]], leo nchini [[Uturuki]]<ref name=catholic>{{cite web |url=//www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1890 |title=St Urpasian |website=Catholic Online |series=Saints & Angels}}</ref><ref name=mospat>{{cite web |first=S. |last=Janos |url=//www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/los/March/09-02.htm |title=The Holy Martyr Urpasian |website=Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church |series=Lives of the Saints}}</ref><ref name=oca>{{cite web |url=http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=100747 |title=Martyr Urpasianus of Nicomedia |website=Orthodox Church in America |series=Lives of the Saints}}</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa na [[Waorthodoksi]] [[tarehe]] [[9 Machi]]; kwa [[Wakatoliki]] ni [[tarehe]] [[13 Machi]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Category:Waliofariki 305]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] 7y6qy4jkrg731yxch8o9mdo2yc08r23 0 248999 1595579 2026-09-09T14:13:12Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michel Leclercq''' (alizaliwa [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Decathlon, mmoja wa wauzaji wakubwa wa bidhaa za michezo duniani. == Maisha ya Awali == Leclercq alizaliwa Ufaransa. Binamu yake, Gérard Mulliez, ni mwanzilishi wa mnyororo wa maduka makubwa Auchan, na anamiliki asilimia 40 ya Decathlon. == Kazi == Leclercq alianzisha Decathlon, muuzaji wa bidhaa za michezo, mwaka 1976. Kufikia D...' 1595579 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michel Leclercq''' (alizaliwa [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Decathlon, mmoja wa wauzaji wakubwa wa bidhaa za michezo duniani. == Maisha ya Awali == Leclercq alizaliwa Ufaransa. Binamu yake, Gérard Mulliez, ni mwanzilishi wa mnyororo wa maduka makubwa Auchan, na anamiliki asilimia 40 ya Decathlon. == Kazi == Leclercq alianzisha Decathlon, muuzaji wa bidhaa za michezo, mwaka 1976. Kufikia Desemba 2017, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 5.1.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Michel Leclercq|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michel-leclercq/|website=Forbes|accessdate=16 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=fondationdecathlon>{{cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=http://www.fondationdecathlon.com/en/conseil-dadministration/|website=fondationdecathlon|accessdate=8 November 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hyng6ubcuw8hz78izuupdyxuh6zeoxj 1595688 1595579 2026-09-10T08:56:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michel Leclercq''' (alizaliwa [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Decathlon, mmoja wa wauzaji wakubwa wa bidhaa za michezo duniani. == Maisha ya Awali == Leclercq alizaliwa Ufaransa. Binamu yake, Gérard Mulliez, ni mwanzilishi wa mnyororo wa maduka makubwa Auchan, na anamiliki asilimia 40 ya Decathlon. == Kazi == Leclercq alianzisha Decathlon, muuzaji wa bidhaa za michezo, mwaka 1976. Kufikia Desemba 2017, [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 5.1.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Michel Leclercq|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michel-leclercq/|website=Forbes|accessdate=16 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=fondationdecathlon>{{cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=http://www.fondationdecathlon.com/en/conseil-dadministration/|website=fondationdecathlon|accessdate=8 November 2015|archive-date=2015-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028040210/http://www.fondationdecathlon.com/en/conseil-dadministration/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7c6dgf9vzzijow25m0xlngt70tx24en 0 249000 1595584 2026-09-09T14:20:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:WAC vs. FUS (22.08.12) - 1.jpg|thumb|Jamal Sellami ]] '''Jamal Sellami''' (kwa Kiarabu: جَمَال السَّلَامِيّ; alizaliwa [[6 Oktoba]] [[1970]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Moroko]] na aliyekuwa [[mchezaji]] wa soka. == Maisha ya Uchezaji == Akiwa kiungo, Sellami aliwahi kuchezea vilabu kadhaa, vikiwemo Olympique Casablanca, Raja Casablanca, Maghreb Fez na Beşiktaş ya [[Uturuki]]. Aliichezea [[timu ya taifa]] ya Moroko na alishiriki katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la [[1998]]. == Kazi ya Ukocha == Sellami alikuwa kocha wa klabu ya Moroko FUS Rabat. Mwezi [[Juni]] [[2024]], Shirikisho la Soka la Jordan lilitangaza kwamba Sellami alikuwa ameteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya [[Yordani|Jordan]], akichukua nafasi ya Hussein Ammouta, baada ya kusaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitatu. Aliiongoza Jordan kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili katika Kundi B la raundi ya tatu ya kufuzu Kombe la Dunia, na hivyo kupata nafasi ya kushiriki kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[historia]] yake Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la [[2026]]. == Heshima na Tuzo == === Akiwa Mchezaji === Olympique Casablanca * Botola Pro: [[1993]]–94 * Kombe la Kiti cha Enzi la Moroko: [[1991]]–92 * Kombe la Washindi wa Vikombe vya Kiarabu: 1991, 1992, 1993 Raja CA * Botola Pro: 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98 * Kombe la Kiti cha Enzi la Moroko: 1995–96 * Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF: 1997 * Kombe la Super la CAF: mshindi wa pili, [[1998]] === Akiwa Kocha === Raja CA * Botola Pro: 2019–20 Moroko A' * Mashindano ya Mataifa ya Afrika: [[2018]] Jordan * Kombe la FIFA la Waarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2025 === Tuzo Binafsi === * Kocha Bora wa Msimu wa Botola Pro: [[2019]]–20, [[2022]]–23 <ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15123/Jamel_Sellami.html</ref><ref>https://en.as.com/en/2021/04/08/soccer/1617914630_199536.html</ref><ref>https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2025/06/208348/moroccan-coach-jamal-sellami-leads-jordan-to-historic-world-cup-qualification/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} fmpbh7l63sex2xnntiuhbe237c7zt9e 0 249001 1595587 2026-09-09T14:23:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Olivier Leclercq''' (alizaliwa [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa Olivarius Hotels, mbunifu, mwekezaji wa fedha za kibinafsi huko [[California]] na mhandisi wa majengo huko Montecito, California. Mwaka 2014, jarida La Voix du Nord liliripoti utajiri wa Leclercq kama [[Euro]] bilioni 1.76.<ref name="lemonde.fr">{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/03/04/discrete-succession-en-famille_18...' 1595587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olivier Leclercq''' (alizaliwa [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa Olivarius Hotels, mbunifu, mwekezaji wa fedha za kibinafsi huko [[California]] na mhandisi wa majengo huko Montecito, California. Mwaka 2014, jarida La Voix du Nord liliripoti utajiri wa Leclercq kama [[Euro]] bilioni 1.76.<ref name="lemonde.fr">{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/03/04/discrete-succession-en-famille_1842153_3234.html|title=Discrète succession en famille|first=J.|last=D.-C|date=4 March 2013|access-date=16 December 2017|via=Le Monde|newspaper=Le Monde.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/economie/la-famille-mulliez-premiere-fortune-de-france-avec-38-ia0b0n2243004|title=La famille Mulliez, première fortune de France, avec 38 milliards d'euros !|website=La Voix du Nord|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Decathlon moja ya maduka wakubwa ya bidhaa za michezo duniani. Ambayo yalianzishwa na baba yake [[Michel Leclercq]]. Familia inamiliki asilimia 49 ya kampuni. Leclercq ni mwanachama wa familia ya Mulliez, familia ya 12 tajiri zaidi duniani. Kupitia Olivarius Hospitality California, Leclercq ni mmiliki pekee wa Coolibar, kiongozi wa tasnia katika nguo za kinga za jua.<ref name="lavoixdunord.fr">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/archive/recup/economie/la-famille-mulliez-premiere-fortune-de-france-avec-38-ia0b0n2243004|title=La famille Mulliez, première fortune de France, avec 38 milliards d'euros !}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jo214l7fi66ze67sghj61wk1rk1ga6u 1595600 1595587 2026-09-09T14:55:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olivier Leclercq''' (alizaliwa [[1964]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa Olivarius Hotels, mbunifu, mwekezaji wa fedha za kibinafsi huko [[California]] na mhandisi wa majengo huko Montecito, California. Mwaka 2014, jarida La Voix du Nord liliripoti utajiri wa Leclercq kama [[Euro]] bilioni 1.76.<ref name="lemonde.fr">{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/03/04/discrete-succession-en-famille_1842153_3234.html|title=Discrète succession en famille|first=J.|last=D.-C|date=4 March 2013|access-date=16 December 2017|via=Le Monde|newspaper=Le Monde.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/economie/la-famille-mulliez-premiere-fortune-de-france-avec-38-ia0b0n2243004|title=La famille Mulliez, première fortune de France, avec 38 milliards d'euros !|website=La Voix du Nord|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Decathlon moja ya maduka wakubwa ya bidhaa za michezo duniani. Ambayo yalianzishwa na baba yake [[Michel Leclercq]]. Familia inamiliki asilimia 49 ya kampuni. Leclercq ni mwanachama wa familia ya Mulliez, familia ya 12 tajiri zaidi duniani. Kupitia Olivarius Hospitality California, Leclercq ni mmiliki pekee wa Coolibar, kiongozi wa tasnia katika nguo za kinga za jua.<ref name="lavoixdunord.fr">{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/archive/recup/economie/la-famille-mulliez-premiere-fortune-de-france-avec-38-ia0b0n2243004|title=La famille Mulliez, première fortune de France, avec 38 milliards d'euros !}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7q24ivkcvg0mrx9tjss7c100r82ta5y 0 249002 1595588 2026-09-09T14:23:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Romano wa Samosata''' ([[karne ya 3]] - Samosata, leo [[Samsat]], [[Uturuki]], [[297]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] ambaye aliteswa na hatimaye kuuawa pamoja na wenzake Yakobo, Filotheo, Hipereki, Abibus, Juliano na Paregori wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]] <ref>They are mentioned in the ''[[Menaea Graeca]]'' and the ''[[Menologium der Orthodox-Katholischen Kirche des Morgenlandes]]''. </ref>. Tangu kale wote wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], W...' 1595588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Romano wa Samosata''' ([[karne ya 3]] - Samosata, leo [[Samsat]], [[Uturuki]], [[297]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] ambaye aliteswa na hatimaye kuuawa pamoja na wenzake Yakobo, Filotheo, Hipereki, Abibus, Juliano na Paregori wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Dola la Roma]] <ref>They are mentioned in the ''[[Menaea Graeca]]'' and the ''[[Menologium der Orthodox-Katholischen Kirche des Morgenlandes]]''. </ref>. Tangu kale wote wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[29 Januari]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Holweck, F. G. ''A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints''. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Category:Waliofariki 297]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Uturuki]] lmv3ab4i5bqcl0vg1yips5ja3qm5zwp 0 249003 1595589 2026-09-09T14:26:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert Louis-Dreyfus''' ( [[14 Juni]] [[1946]] – [[4 Julai]] [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa [[Adidas]] (wakati huo Adidas Salomon) na Saatchi & Saatchi. Alikuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa timu ya mpira wa miguu ya Ufaransa Olympique Marseille na wakati wa uongozi wake waliibuka tena kama klabu kuu ya [[Ulaya]].<ref name=WhosWho>{{cite web|url=http://www.whoswho.fr/decede/biographie-robert-...' 1595589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Louis-Dreyfus''' ( [[14 Juni]] [[1946]] – [[4 Julai]] [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa [[Adidas]] (wakati huo Adidas Salomon) na Saatchi & Saatchi. Alikuwa mwenyehisa mkuu wa timu ya mpira wa miguu ya Ufaransa Olympique Marseille na wakati wa uongozi wake waliibuka tena kama klabu kuu ya [[Ulaya]].<ref name=WhosWho>{{cite web|url=http://www.whoswho.fr/decede/biographie-robert-louis-dreyfus_20690 |title=Biographie Robert Louis-dreyfus Président de société |website=Whoswho.fr |access-date=2017-02-23}}</ref><ref name=LasAventures>Bourdon, Jean-Claude and Jacques-Olivier Martin ''Robert Louis-Dreyfus: Les aventures d'un Don Juan des affaires'' (2007), 293 pages, {{ISBN|2-35228-003-6}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] 55k1g9jjom3jx92ein3wwr65cmp7b7o 0 249004 1595590 2026-09-09T14:28:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marc Eugène Charles Ladreit de Lacharrière''' (alizaliwa [[6 Novemba]] [[1940]]) ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa FIMALAC (inayojulikana pia kama Financière Marc de Lacharrière), ambaye wakati mmoja alikuwa mmiliki mkuu wa shirika la ukadiriaji wa mikopo Fitch Group ambalo aliondokana nayo kati ya 2015 na 2018, akauza hisa zake kwa Hearst Corporation. Kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya 2016 ya mabilionea wa dunia, aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 722 akiwa na u...' 1595590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Eugène Charles Ladreit de Lacharrière''' (alizaliwa [[6 Novemba]] [[1940]]) ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa FIMALAC (inayojulikana pia kama Financière Marc de Lacharrière), ambaye wakati mmoja alikuwa mmiliki mkuu wa shirika la ukadiriaji wa mikopo Fitch Group ambalo aliondokana nayo kati ya 2015 na 2018, akauza hisa zake kwa Hearst Corporation. Kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya 2016 ya mabilionea wa dunia, aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 722 akiwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.4.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hearst-takes-full-ownership-of-fitch-group-1523546475|title = Hearst Takes Full Ownership of Fitch Group|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 12 April 2018|last1 = Hufford|first1 = Austen}}</ref><ref name="forbes2007">[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Marc-Ladreit-de-Lacharriere_6EPK.html Forbes 2007 profile]</ref><ref name="forbes2010">[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Marc-Ladreit-de-Lacharriere_ZM6Q.html Forbes 2010 profile]</ref><ref name="hrw">[https://www.hrw.org/en/node/83293 Human Rights Watch biography]</ref><ref name="lexpress">Lacharrière : «Finance et culture sont complémentaires», in ''[[L'Express]]'', 05/10/2007 [http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/economie/laquo-finance-et-culture-sont-compl-eacute-mentaires-raquo_476156.html]</ref><ref name="unesco">[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31862&Cr=unesco&Cr1= UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador nomination]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bfq2dnepfinnsn0pipzatdhpy56ngeg 1595630 1595590 2026-09-09T19:43:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Eugène Charles Ladreit de Lacharrière''' (alizaliwa [[6 Novemba]] [[1940]]) ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa FIMALAC (inayojulikana pia kama Financière Marc de Lacharrière), ambaye wakati mmoja alikuwa mmiliki mkuu wa shirika la ukadiriaji wa mikopo Fitch Group ambalo aliondokana nayo kati ya 2015 na 2018, akauza hisa zake kwa Hearst Corporation. Kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya 2016 ya mabilionea wa dunia, aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 722 akiwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.4.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hearst-takes-full-ownership-of-fitch-group-1523546475|title = Hearst Takes Full Ownership of Fitch Group|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 12 April 2018|last1 = Hufford|first1 = Austen}}</ref><ref name="forbes2007">[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Marc-Ladreit-de-Lacharriere_6EPK.html Forbes 2007 profile]</ref><ref name="forbes2010">[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Marc-Ladreit-de-Lacharriere_ZM6Q.html Forbes 2010 profile]</ref><ref name="hrw">[https://www.hrw.org/en/node/83293 Human Rights Watch biography]</ref><ref name="lexpress">Lacharrière : «Finance et culture sont complémentaires», in ''[[L'Express]]'', 05/10/2007 [http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/economie/laquo-finance-et-culture-sont-compl-eacute-mentaires-raquo_476156.html]</ref><ref name="unesco">[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31862&Cr=unesco&Cr1= UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador nomination]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] aqiyv1fz43q7kbo4gfpzzimo40enn57 1595670 1595630 2026-09-10T07:56:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1595670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Eugène Charles Ladreit de Lacharrière''' (alizaliwa [[6 Novemba]] [[1940]]) ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa FIMALAC (inayojulikana pia kama Financière Marc de Lacharrière), ambaye wakati mmoja alikuwa mmiliki mkuu wa shirika la ukadiriaji wa mikopo Fitch Group ambalo aliondokana nayo kati ya 2015 na 2018, akauza hisa zake kwa Hearst Corporation. Kwenye orodha ya [[Forbes]] ya 2016 ya mabilionea wa dunia, aliorodheshwa katika nafasi ya 722 akiwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.4.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hearst-takes-full-ownership-of-fitch-group-1523546475|title = Hearst Takes Full Ownership of Fitch Group|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 12 April 2018|last1 = Hufford|first1 = Austen}}</ref><ref name="forbes2007">[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Marc-Ladreit-de-Lacharriere_6EPK.html Forbes 2007 profile]</ref><ref name="forbes2010">[https://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Marc-Ladreit-de-Lacharriere_ZM6Q.html Forbes 2010 profile]</ref><ref name="hrw">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/en/node/83293 |title=Human Rights Watch biography |accessdate=2026-09-09 |archive-date=2012-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014032514/http://www.hrw.org/en/node/83293 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="lexpress">Lacharrière : «Finance et culture sont complémentaires», in ''[[L'Express]]'', 05/10/2007 [http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/economie/laquo-finance-et-culture-sont-compl-eacute-mentaires-raquo_476156.html]</ref><ref name="unesco">[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31862&Cr=unesco&Cr1= UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador nomination]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lt0nijsul2c9b3u8h5awlm9c3cd6n14 0 249005 1595592 2026-09-09T14:34:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gérard Paul Louis Marie-Joseph Mulliez''' (alizaliwa [[13 Mei]] [[1931]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na mwanzilishi wa mnyororo wa maduka makubwa ya Auchan. == Maisha ya Awali == Gérard Mulliez alizaliwa tarehe 13 Mei 1931, huko [[Roubaix]], Ufaransa. Baba yake, [[Gérard Mulliez]], alikuwa mmiliki wa Phildar, chapa ya uzi wa kusuka iliyoanzishwa na babu yake, Louis Mulliez-Lestienne. Mjomba wake, Louis Mulliez, alikuwa mmiliki wa kiwand...' 1595592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gérard Paul Louis Marie-Joseph Mulliez''' (alizaliwa [[13 Mei]] [[1931]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na mwanzilishi wa mnyororo wa maduka makubwa ya Auchan. == Maisha ya Awali == Gérard Mulliez alizaliwa tarehe 13 Mei 1931, huko [[Roubaix]], Ufaransa. Baba yake, [[Gérard Mulliez]], alikuwa mmiliki wa Phildar, chapa ya uzi wa kusuka iliyoanzishwa na babu yake, Louis Mulliez-Lestienne. Mjomba wake, Louis Mulliez, alikuwa mmiliki wa kiwanda cha Saint-Liévin huko [[Lille]]. Gérard Mulliez ana ndugu watano.<ref name="lepointmariebordet">{{Cite web |last=Bordet |first=Marie |date=2012-07-12 |title=Gérard Mulliez se confie enfin |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/economie/gerard-mulliez-se-confie-enfin-12-07-2012-1696967_28.php |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=[[Le Point]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="sudouestquiest">[http://www.sudouest.fr/2015/02/23/qui-est-gerard-mulliez-troisieme-fortune-de-france-et-discret-fondateur-d-auchan-1838868-705.php Qui est Gérard Mulliez, troisième fortune de France et (discret) fondateur d'Auchan ?], ''Sud Ouest'', 23 February 2015</ref> Mulliez aliripotiwa kuwa na alama mbaya shuleni. Alitumia mwaka mmoja nchini [[Uingereza]], ambako alijifunza kucheza [[raga]] na puli na kujifunza kuzungumza Kiingereza. Licha ya juhudi zake, alifeli Baccalaureate yake.<ref name="sudouestjeunes">[http://www.sudouest.fr/2015/02/22/le-fondateur-d-auchan-a-des-jeunes-communistes-a-votre-age-j-avais-deja-ouvert-mon-premier-magasin-1837828-4776.php Le fondateur d'Auchan à des jeunes communistes : "À votre âge, j'avais déjà ouvert mon premier magasin"], ''[[Sud-Ouest (newspaper)|Sud-Ouest]]'', 23 February 2015</ref> == Kazi == Mulliez alianza kazi yake akifanya kazi katika kampuni ya baba yake, akijipandisha hatua kwa hatua hadi akawa mwenyekiti wake. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h1mfvenwjdyf2pkb97dck9vwu6nwa0e 1595624 1595592 2026-09-09T17:45:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gérard Paul Louis Marie-Joseph Mulliez''' (alizaliwa [[13 Mei]] [[1931]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na mwanzilishi wa mnyororo wa maduka makubwa ya Auchan. == Maisha ya Awali == Gérard Mulliez alizaliwa tarehe 13 Mei 1931, huko [[Roubaix]], Ufaransa. Baba yake, [[Gérard Mulliez]], alikuwa mmiliki wa Phildar, chapa ya uzi wa kusuka iliyoanzishwa na babu yake, Louis Mulliez-Lestienne. Mjomba wake, Louis Mulliez, alikuwa mmiliki wa kiwanda cha Saint-Liévin huko [[Lille]]. Gérard Mulliez ana ndugu watano.<ref name="lepointmariebordet">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Bordet |first=Marie |date=2012-07-12 |title=Gérard Mulliez se confie enfin |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/economie/gerard-mulliez-se-confie-enfin-12-07-2012-1696967_28.php |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=[[Le Point]] |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="sudouestquiest">[http://www.sudouest.fr/2015/02/23/qui-est-gerard-mulliez-troisieme-fortune-de-france-et-discret-fondateur-d-auchan-1838868-705.php Qui est Gérard Mulliez, troisième fortune de France et (discret) fondateur d'Auchan ?], ''Sud Ouest'', 23 February 2015</ref> Mulliez aliripotiwa kuwa na alama mbaya shuleni. Alitumia mwaka mmoja nchini [[Uingereza]], ambako alijifunza kucheza [[raga]] na puli na kujifunza kuzungumza Kiingereza. Licha ya juhudi zake, alifeli Baccalaureate yake.<ref name="sudouestjeunes">[http://www.sudouest.fr/2015/02/22/le-fondateur-d-auchan-a-des-jeunes-communistes-a-votre-age-j-avais-deja-ouvert-mon-premier-magasin-1837828-4776.php Le fondateur d'Auchan à des jeunes communistes : "À votre âge, j'avais déjà ouvert mon premier magasin"], ''[[Sud-Ouest (newspaper)|Sud-Ouest]]'', 23 February 2015</ref> == Kazi == Mulliez alianza kazi yake akifanya kazi katika kampuni ya baba yake, akijipandisha hatua kwa hatua hadi akawa mwenyekiti wake. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jevu5rahtmtdvjviv221i4qytte0x27 0 249006 1595593 2026-09-09T14:36:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Callistratus_with_49_Martyrs_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[303]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa [[Mji|mjini]] [[Karthago]] (leo nchini [[Tunisia]]) pamoja na wenzake 49 katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref name=CW>Christopher Walter, ''The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition'' (Ashgate, 2003), pp. 248–249.</ref><ref name=JFS>John F. She...' 1595593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Callistratus_with_49_Martyrs_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[303]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa [[Mji|mjini]] [[Karthago]] (leo nchini [[Tunisia]]) pamoja na wenzake 49 katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref name=CW>Christopher Walter, ''The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition'' (Ashgate, 2003), pp. 248–249.</ref><ref name=JFS>John F. Shean, ''Soldiering for God: Christianity and the Roman Army'' (Brill, 2010), p. 211.</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[26 Septemba]]<ref>''Martyrologium Romanum'', [http://www.liturgialatina.org/martyrologium/19.htm September]: Romae sancti Callistrati Martyris, et aliorum quadraginta novem militum; qui milites, in persecutione Diocletiani Imperatoris, cum Callistratus, insutus culeo et in mare demersus, divina ope evasisset incolumis, ad Christianam religionem conversi sunt, et cum eo pariter martyrium subierunt.</ref> au [[27 Septemba]]<ref name=CW/>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite journal |title=La passion ancienne de S. Callistrate |first=François |last=Halkin |journal=Byzantion |volume=53 |issue=1 |year=1983 |pages=233–249 |jstor=44170799}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 303]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Tunisia]] ay16t2p8j7lhg3258jv0cgsx06ff1sf 1595594 1595593 2026-09-09T14:36:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kalistrato na Karthago]] hadi [[Kalistrato wa Karthago]]: usahihi wa jina 1595593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Callistratus_with_49_Martyrs_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[303]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa [[Mji|mjini]] [[Karthago]] (leo nchini [[Tunisia]]) pamoja na wenzake 49 katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Diokletian]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref name=CW>Christopher Walter, ''The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition'' (Ashgate, 2003), pp. 248–249.</ref><ref name=JFS>John F. Shean, ''Soldiering for God: Christianity and the Roman Army'' (Brill, 2010), p. 211.</ref>. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[26 Septemba]]<ref>''Martyrologium Romanum'', [http://www.liturgialatina.org/martyrologium/19.htm September]: Romae sancti Callistrati Martyris, et aliorum quadraginta novem militum; qui milites, in persecutione Diocletiani Imperatoris, cum Callistratus, insutus culeo et in mare demersus, divina ope evasisset incolumis, ad Christianam religionem conversi sunt, et cum eo pariter martyrium subierunt.</ref> au [[27 Septemba]]<ref name=CW/>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite journal |title=La passion ancienne de S. Callistrate |first=François |last=Halkin |journal=Byzantion |volume=53 |issue=1 |year=1983 |pages=233–249 |jstor=44170799}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 3]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 303]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Tunisia]] ay16t2p8j7lhg3258jv0cgsx06ff1sf 0 249007 1595595 2026-09-09T14:36:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kalistrato na Karthago]] hadi [[Kalistrato wa Karthago]]: usahihi wa jina 1595595 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kalistrato wa Karthago]] 9o838s6lctvdtga6b7aa8lnobmmi6e2 0 249008 1595597 2026-09-09T14:38:09Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fred Mouawad''' (alizaliwa [[16 Februari]] [[1969]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Lebanon]] kutoka Zgharta, Lebanon na mwenye makazi yake [[Bangkok]], [[Uthai]]. Ameanzisha na yeye ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa makampuni saba. Mwaka 2013, Wealth-X ilimtaja Mouawad kama mmiliki wa nane tajiri zaidi wa almasi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.1.<ref name=BIA>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ceo-and-billionaire-shares-business-lesson...' 1595597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fred Mouawad''' (alizaliwa [[16 Februari]] [[1969]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Lebanon]] kutoka Zgharta, Lebanon na mwenye makazi yake [[Bangkok]], [[Uthai]]. Ameanzisha na yeye ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa makampuni saba. Mwaka 2013, Wealth-X ilimtaja Mouawad kama mmiliki wa nane tajiri zaidi wa almasi duniani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.1.<ref name=BIA>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ceo-and-billionaire-shares-business-lessons-2014-10 |title=Important Business Lessons From A Billionaire And 8-Time CEO |author=Jacquelyn Smith |publisher=[[Business Insider]] Australia |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=24 October 2014 |archive-date=14 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514181811/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/ceo-and-billionaire-shares-business-lessons-2014-10 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The world's richest diamond owners: 8. Fred Mouawad, 44 | date=25 July 2013 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2013/07/24/The-worlds-richest-diamond-owners.html?page=3 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uthai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanon]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uthai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1ul7ucfoiq2ck663suw36zmxkssvsle 0 249009 1595598 2026-09-09T14:38:55Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595598 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:7.31.21EzzakiBadouByLuigiNovi1.jpg|thumb|Ezzaki Badou]] '''Ezzaki “Zaki” Badou''' (kwa Kiarabu: الزاكي بادو; alizaliwa [[2 Aprili]] [[1959]]) ni [[kocha]] wa soka wa [[Moroko]] na aliyekuwa [[golikipa]], ambaye kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Yordani|Jordan]]. == Maisha ya Uchezaji == Alizaliwa huko Sidi Kacem, Zaki aliwakilisha klabu za AS Salé, Wydad AC, RCD Mallorca na Fath Union Sport katika kipindi cha [[miaka]] 17 ya uchezaji wa soka la kulipwa. Akiwa na Mallorca, klabu aliyojiunga nayo mwaka [[1986]] baada ya kutajwa na France Football kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa [[Afrika]], alipata nafasi ya kupanda hadi [[La Liga]] mwaka [[1989]], huku pia akishinda [[Tuzo]] ya Ricardo Zamora. == Kazi ya Ukocha == Zaki alistaafu kucheza soka mwaka [[1993]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 34, na mara moja akaanza kazi ya ukocha. Mwaka [[2002]], baada ya kuzifundisha klabu kadhaa, zikiwemo klabu zake za zamani FUS na WAC, aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya Moroko. Aliondoka katika nafasi hiyo baada ya miaka mitatu, kabla ya kurejea tena mwezi Mei [[2014]]. Aliweza kuunda kikosi chenye wachezaji wengi vijana na kuiongoza timu ya taifa kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]], lililofanyika nchini [[Tunisia]] mwaka 2004, bila kupoteza mchezo wowote. Wachezaji wake walifika hadi fainali, ambapo walipoteza kwa Tunisia kwa mabao 2–1. Aliondoka katika nafasi hiyo kwa makubaliano ya pande zote mwezi Februari [[2016]]. == Heshima na Tuzo == === Akiwa Mchezaji === Wydad Casablanca * Botola Pro: 1977–78, 1985–86 * Kombe la Kiti cha Enzi la Moroko: [[1978]], 1979, 1981 * Kombe la Mohammed V: 1979 RCD Mallorca * Copa del Rey: mshindi wa pili, 1990–91 Moroko * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: nafasi ya tatu, [[1980]] === Akiwa Kocha === Wydad Casablanca * Botola Pro: 2010 * Kombe la Kiti cha Enzi la Moroko: 1998 * Kombe la CAF: mshindi wa pili, [[1999]] * Kombe la Mabingwa wa Klabu za Kiarabu: mshindi wa pili, 2009 * Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF: mshindi wa pili, [[2011]] CR Belouizdad * Kombe la Algeria: 2017 Moroko * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: mshindi wa pili, 2004 === Tuzo Binafsi === * Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa Moroko: 1979, 1981, 1986, 1988 * Golikipa Bora wa Moroko: 1978, 1979, 1986 * Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa Afrika: [[1986]] * Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa Kiarabu: 1986 * Kocha Bora wa Algeria: [[2017]] * Tuzo ya Ricardo Zamora: 1988–89 * Golikipa Bora wa La Liga: 1988, 1989, [[1990]] * Timu Bora ya Wakati Wote ya Wachezaji wa Kiume wa Moroko ya IFFHS === Nishani na Maagizo === * Nishani ya Kiti cha Enzi: [[2004]] <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120826160419/http://www.rcdm.es/jugadores-de-ayer-y-de-hoy-ezaki-badou/</ref><ref>https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j712.html</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15099/Badou_Ezzaki.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160305102755/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=207356/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 4j3ae5gpowbwhyd6aw5xm95qe1thuk3 0 249010 1595599 2026-09-09T14:42:12Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jean Claude Mimran''' (alizaliwa [[1945]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] mwenye maslahi makubwa ya kilimo nchini [[Senegali]], na uwekezaji wa benki na viwanda. Yeye ni rais wa The Mimran Group.<ref name='Bloom'>{{cite web|title=Jean-Claude Mimran|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=141884423&privcapId=6492119|work=Company overview of the Mimran Group|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=23 June 2015}}</ref> M...' 1595599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Claude Mimran''' (alizaliwa [[1945]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] mwenye maslahi makubwa ya kilimo nchini [[Senegali]], na uwekezaji wa benki na viwanda. Yeye ni rais wa The Mimran Group.<ref name='Bloom'>{{cite web|title=Jean-Claude Mimran|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=141884423&privcapId=6492119|work=Company overview of the Mimran Group|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=23 June 2015}}</ref> Mimran ana ndugu wawili, Robert na Patrick. Jarida la biashara la [[Uswisi]] BILANZ limeorodhesha Mimran kama mmoja wa watu 300 tajiri zaidi nchini Uswisi, akiwa na utajiri wa Faranga ya Uswisi bilioni 2.<ref name=NYTOct14>{{cite news|url=http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/gstaad-switzerland-hotels-resorts/|title=Gstaad: The Last Resort|author=Phoebe Eaton|date=31 October 2014|work=[[T: The New York Times Style Magazine]]|accessdate=22 June 2015|archive-date=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107225135/http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/gstaad-switzerland-hotels-resorts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Senegali]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5lrmallrcwv02ksyl0b61trj177xwfy 0 249011 1595601 2026-09-09T14:59:28Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alain Mérieux''' (alizaliwa [[10 Julai]] [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], mwenyekiti wa Institut Mérieux na [[mwanasiasa]]. == Maisha ya Awali == Alain Mérieux ni mtoto wa Charles Mérieux (1907–2001), na mjukuu wa Marcel Mérieux (1870–1937), ambaye alianzisha Institut Mérieux mwaka 1897.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Alain Mérieux |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alain-merieux/ |we...' 1595601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alain Mérieux''' (alizaliwa [[10 Julai]] [[1938]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], mwenyekiti wa Institut Mérieux na [[mwanasiasa]]. == Maisha ya Awali == Alain Mérieux ni mtoto wa Charles Mérieux (1907–2001), na mjukuu wa Marcel Mérieux (1870–1937), ambaye alianzisha Institut Mérieux mwaka 1897.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Alain Mérieux |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alain-merieux/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=19 April 2020}}</ref> == Kazi == Alain Merieux pia amehusika katika shughuli za kisiasa nchini Ufaransa, ambapo alikuwa naibu wa kwanza wa bodi ya mkoa wa [[Rhône-Alpes|Rhone-Alpes]] kuanzia 1986 hadi 1998, ambako alikuwa akisimamia mahusiano ya kigeni, maendeleo ya uchumi, utafiti na elimu ya sekondari.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/alain-merieux/ |title= Bloomberg Billionaire Index: Alain Merieux |work=Bloomberg LP |author=Bloomberg |date=2 February 2021}}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Mérieux anaishi Lyon, na ameoa na ana watoto watatu. Mwaka 2006, mtoto wake mkubwa, Christopher alifariki kwa mshtuko wa moyo. Mtoto wake wa pili, Rudolph alifariki mwaka 1996 katika ajali ya ndege. Kufikia 2 Desemba 2021, Bloomberg ilikadiria utajiri wa Mérieux kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 8.80 ambayo inamfanya kuwa mtu wa 277 tajiri zaidi duniani. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bqff00w2uyv2cchrtiwlacn9zwq0ci7 0 249012 1595602 2026-09-09T15:05:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette''' (alizaliwa [[4 Novemba]] [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Anahudumu kama mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Sonepar.<ref name="totalboard">{{cite web|title=Board of directors|url=http://www.total.com/en/group/identity/governance/biographies/board-of-directors-members|website=Total|accessdate=May 1, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ft49mariechristine">{{cite news|title=49. Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette|url...' 1595602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette''' (alizaliwa [[4 Novemba]] [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Anahudumu kama mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Sonepar.<ref name="totalboard">{{cite web|title=Board of directors|url=http://www.total.com/en/group/identity/governance/biographies/board-of-directors-members|website=Total|accessdate=May 1, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ft49mariechristine">{{cite news|title=49. Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette|url=https://www.ft.com/content/668d7d3e-0b35-11e1-ae56-00144feabdc0|accessdate=May 1, 2017|work=Financial Times|date=November 15, 2011}}</ref><ref name="lopinionmotte">{{cite news|last1=Motte|first1=Muriel|title=Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette : " L'héritage n'a rien à voir avec le fait de gagner au Loto "|url=http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/economie/marie-christine-coisne-roquette-l-heritage-n-a-rien-a-voir-fait-gagner-6855|accessdate=May 1, 2017|work=L'Opinion|date=5 December 2013}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1956. Babu yake, Henri Coisne alianzisha Sonepar pamoja na Léopold Lambert mwaka 1862; ilikuwa na kampuni ya nguo na baadaye ikawa msambazaji wa vifaa vya umeme. Coisne-Roquette alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris [[Nanterre]], ambako alipata shahada katika Kiingereza na Sheria.<ref name="bloombergbio">{{cite web|title=Company Overview of Financière de la Croix Blanche: Marie-Christine Coisne-Roquette|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=4773900&privcapId=5920169|website=Bloomberg|accessdate=May 1, 2017}}</ref> == Kazi == Coisne-Roquette alianza kazi yake kama wakili mwaka 1980, alipojiunga na ''Cabinet Sonier & Associés''. Alikua mkurugenzi wa Sonepar mwaka 1983, na alijiunga na kampuni mwaka 1988. Amehudumu kama mwenyekiti wake tangu 1998 na kama afisa mkuu mtendaji wake tangu 2002. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2n4eijha394sgf4803f5881u5gykkr9 0 249013 1595604 2026-09-09T15:10:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jean-Pierre Cayard''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], ambaye alirithi kampuni ya vinywaji ya La Martiniquaise kutoka kwa baba yake, na kuigeuza kuwa kikundi cha pili kwa ukubwa cha vinywaji nchini Ufaransa. Kufikia Desemba 2025, Cayard ana utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.1.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Jean-Pierre Cayard|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jean-pierre-cayard/|website=Forbes|accessdate=30 Dec...' 1595604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Pierre Cayard''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], ambaye alirithi kampuni ya vinywaji ya La Martiniquaise kutoka kwa baba yake, na kuigeuza kuwa kikundi cha pili kwa ukubwa cha vinywaji nchini Ufaransa. Kufikia Desemba 2025, Cayard ana utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 2.1.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Jean-Pierre Cayard|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jean-pierre-cayard/|website=Forbes|accessdate=30 December 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] i31v8c2e5cr3ip64999lj70lhrm68vu 0 249014 1595605 2026-09-09T15:20:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pierre Jesus Sebastian Castel''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1926]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Castel Group, moja ya wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[divai]] huko [[Uropa]] na mhusika mkuu katika tasnia ya vinywaji duniani. Chini ya uongozi wake, kikundi kilipanuka kutoka biashara ya divai ya Bordeaux inayomilikiwa na familia hadi kuwa shirika la makampuni la kimataifa linalofanya kazi katika diva...' 1595605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Jesus Sebastian Castel''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1926]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Castel Group, moja ya wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[divai]] huko [[Uropa]] na mhusika mkuu katika tasnia ya vinywaji duniani. Chini ya uongozi wake, kikundi kilipanuka kutoka biashara ya divai ya Bordeaux inayomilikiwa na familia hadi kuwa shirika la makampuni la kimataifa linalofanya kazi katika divai, bia, na vinywaji baridi, ikiwa na uwepo mkubwa hasa katika [[Afrika]] na Uropa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=Les petits secrets de Pierre Castel, le baron du vin en France - Capital.fr |url=https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/les-petits-secrets-de-pierre-castel-le-baron-du-vin-en-france-1354855 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.capital.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Blamangin |first=Olivier |date=2018-10-01 |title=Castel, l'empire qui fait trinquer l'Afrique |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/10/BLAMANGIN/59159 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] c6edw9uog3wxrxpaqo9j89v8vw8dfob 1595635 1595605 2026-09-09T21:43:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Jesus Sebastian Castel''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1926]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa Castel Group, moja ya wazalishaji wakubwa wa [[divai]] huko [[Uropa]] na mhusika mkuu katika tasnia ya vinywaji duniani. Chini ya uongozi wake, kikundi kilipanuka kutoka biashara ya divai ya Bordeaux inayomilikiwa na familia hadi kuwa shirika la makampuni la kimataifa linalofanya kazi katika divai, bia, na vinywaji baridi, ikiwa na uwepo mkubwa hasa katika [[Afrika]] na Uropa.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-11-08 |title=Les petits secrets de Pierre Castel, le baron du vin en France - Capital.fr |url=https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/les-petits-secrets-de-pierre-castel-le-baron-du-vin-en-france-1354855 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.capital.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Blamangin |first=Olivier |date=2018-10-01 |title=Castel, l'empire qui fait trinquer l'Afrique |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/10/BLAMANGIN/59159 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h84tvh4q6q05vz7o178n34m60w807b2 0 249015 1595606 2026-09-09T15:33:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rodolphe Saadé''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1970]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Lebanoni]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Ian |date=2025-07-11 |title=Rodolphe Saade adds UK top brass to growing list of political contacts |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/people/rodolphe-saade-adds-uk-top-brass-to-growing-list-of-political-contacts/2-1-1845339 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=tradewindsnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web...' 1595606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodolphe Saadé''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1970]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Lebanoni]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Ian |date=2025-07-11 |title=Rodolphe Saade adds UK top brass to growing list of political contacts |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/people/rodolphe-saade-adds-uk-top-brass-to-growing-list-of-political-contacts/2-1-1845339 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=tradewindsnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=LoadstarEditorial |date=2025-03-07 |title=Rodolphe Saadé pledges to help Trump revive US shipping – report |url=https://theloadstar.com/rodolphe-saade-pledges-to-help-trump-revive-us-shipping-report/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Loadstar}}</ref> Mmiliki wa kampuni ya Compagnie maritime d'affrètement - Compagnie générale maritime (CMA CGM) kampuni ya kubwa ya usafirishaji duniani. Kufikia Aprili 2024, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 8.9.Saadé ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Biashara nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Active Members |url=https://businesscouncil.com/active-members/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Business Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Rodolphe Saadé & family |website=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/rodolphe-saade/ |accessdate=10 April 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hxk62e9dqp9ys3wxjvcw5a6ofpe94tt 1595636 1595606 2026-09-09T21:58:42Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1595636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodolphe Saadé''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1970]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na [[Lebanoni]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Lewis |first=Ian |date=2025-07-11 |title=Rodolphe Saade adds UK top brass to growing list of political contacts |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/people/rodolphe-saade-adds-uk-top-brass-to-growing-list-of-political-contacts/2-1-1845339 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=tradewindsnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=LoadstarEditorial |date=2025-03-07 |title=Rodolphe Saadé pledges to help Trump revive US shipping – report |url=https://theloadstar.com/rodolphe-saade-pledges-to-help-trump-revive-us-shipping-report/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Loadstar}}</ref> Mmiliki wa kampuni ya Compagnie maritime d'affrètement - Compagnie générale maritime (CMA CGM) kampuni ya kubwa ya usafirishaji duniani. Kufikia Aprili 2024, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 8.9.Saadé ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Biashara nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Admin |title=Active Members |url=https://businesscouncil.com/active-members/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Business Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Rodolphe Saadé & family |website=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/rodolphe-saade/ |accessdate=10 April 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0veo7ds2phibanfw86ya11zn5bdjtbi 0 249016 1595608 2026-09-09T15:39:59Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Iskandar Safa''' ([[3 Aprili]] [[1955]] – [[29 Januari]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Ufaransa]] mwenye asili ya [[Lebanoni]].<ref name=hand>{{cite web|title=Making the Shipping News|url=https://global.handelsblatt.com/edition/233/ressort/companies-markets/article/making-the-shipping-news?a719|website=Handelsblatt|date=4 August 2015|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124849/https://...' 1595608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iskandar Safa''' ([[3 Aprili]] [[1955]] – [[29 Januari]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Ufaransa]] mwenye asili ya [[Lebanoni]].<ref name=hand>{{cite web|title=Making the Shipping News|url=https://global.handelsblatt.com/edition/233/ressort/companies-markets/article/making-the-shipping-news?a719|website=Handelsblatt|date=4 August 2015|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124849/https://global.handelsblatt.com/edition/233/ressort/companies-markets/article/making-the-shipping-news?a719|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Safa alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Amerika cha [[Beirut]], akihitimu na shahada ya uhandisi wa ujenzi wa kiraia. Aliondoka Lebanoni kuwa mhandisi wa ujenzi wa kiraia nchini Marekani, na kisha akahamia Ufaransa, ambako mwaka 1982 alihitimu na shahada ya biashara kutoka INSEAD huko Fontainebleau.<ref name="bloom">{{cite web|title= Company Overview of Privinvest Holding sal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=39369869 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> Pamoja na kaka yake Akram Safa, alikuwa mmiliki wa Privinvest Holding, kikundi kikubwa cha kimataifa cha ujenzi wa meli. Zaidi ya hayo, Iskandar Safa na kaka yake Akram walidhibiti, kupitia P.I. Dev SAL, kampuni ya Ufaransa FIMAS SA iliyobobea katika kuendeleza na kusimamia majengo na ardhi huko Kusini mwa Ufaransa. Mali ya Iskandar ilishtakiwa [[London]] na [[Msumbiji]] katika sakata la rushwa linalojulikana kama Tuna Bonds au Hidden Debt Scandal. Baadaye alipatikana na hatia na akaamriwa na Mahakama Kuu huko London kulipa dola bilioni 1.9, pamoja na riba, kwa Msumbiji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khumalo |first=Elizabeth |date=2024-07-29 |title=UK court rules in favor of Mozambique in high-stakes Privinvest corruption case |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2024/07/29/uk-court-rules-in-favor-of-mozambique-in-high-stakes-privinvest-corruption-case/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=FurtherAfrica |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Privinvest and former CEO Safa found guilty in Mozambique ‘hidden debt’ case |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/356806/privinvest-and-former-ceo-safa-found-guilty-in-mozambique-hidden-debt-case/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] s7mu5a7zmu28ir3q5hjay5koeoz7uy4 1595625 1595608 2026-09-09T18:04:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iskandar Safa''' ([[3 Aprili]] [[1955]] – [[29 Januari]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na mhisani nchini [[Ufaransa]] mwenye asili ya [[Lebanoni]].<ref name=hand>{{cite web|title=Making the Shipping News|url=https://global.handelsblatt.com/edition/233/ressort/companies-markets/article/making-the-shipping-news?a719|website=Handelsblatt|date=4 August 2015|access-date=9 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124849/https://global.handelsblatt.com/edition/233/ressort/companies-markets/article/making-the-shipping-news?a719|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Safa alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Amerika cha [[Beirut]], akihitimu na shahada ya uhandisi wa ujenzi wa kiraia. Aliondoka Lebanoni kuwa mhandisi wa ujenzi wa kiraia nchini Marekani, na kisha akahamia Ufaransa, ambako mwaka 1982 alihitimu na shahada ya biashara kutoka INSEAD huko Fontainebleau.<ref name="bloom">{{cite web|title= Company Overview of Privinvest Holding sal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=39369869 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> Pamoja na kaka yake Akram Safa, alikuwa mmiliki wa Privinvest Holding, kikundi kikubwa cha kimataifa cha ujenzi wa meli. Zaidi ya hayo, Iskandar Safa na kaka yake Akram walidhibiti, kupitia P.I. Dev SAL, kampuni ya Ufaransa FIMAS SA iliyobobea katika kuendeleza na kusimamia majengo na ardhi huko Kusini mwa Ufaransa. Mali ya Iskandar ilishtakiwa [[London]] na [[Msumbiji]] katika sakata la rushwa linalojulikana kama Tuna Bonds au Hidden Debt Scandal. Baadaye alipatikana na hatia na akaamriwa na Mahakama Kuu huko London kulipa dola bilioni 1.9, pamoja na riba, kwa Msumbiji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Khumalo |first=Elizabeth |date=2024-07-29 |title=UK court rules in favor of Mozambique in high-stakes Privinvest corruption case |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2024/07/29/uk-court-rules-in-favor-of-mozambique-in-high-stakes-privinvest-corruption-case/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=FurtherAfrica |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Privinvest and former CEO Safa found guilty in Mozambique ‘hidden debt’ case |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/356806/privinvest-and-former-ceo-safa-found-guilty-in-mozambique-hidden-debt-case/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] 7cujg6wu3nhsc39hkj7vbyri87n2srg 0 249017 1595609 2026-09-09T15:58:07Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacques Servier''' ( [[9 Februari]] [[1922]] – [[16 Aprili]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi na rais wa Laboratoires Servier, kampuni ya dawa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015047/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=2185513&privcapId=2160407 Bloomberg BusinessWeek]</ref> == Wasifu == Mwanzilishi wa kikundi cha dawa cha Servier mwaka 1954...' 1595609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques Servier''' ( [[9 Februari]] [[1922]] – [[16 Aprili]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa mwanzilishi na rais wa Laboratoires Servier, kampuni ya dawa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015047/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=2185513&privcapId=2160407 Bloomberg BusinessWeek]</ref> == Wasifu == Mwanzilishi wa kikundi cha dawa cha Servier mwaka 1954, alikuwa na utajiri unaokadiriwa kuwa dola za Marekani bilioni 7.7.<ref name=ForbesApr14>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jacques-servier/|title=Jacques Servier - Forbes|work=Forbes|accessdate=16 April 2014}}</ref> Kikundi kinachoongozwa naye Servier kilikuwa kimehukumiwa mara kadhaa kulipa fidia kwa Mediator, jina la biashara la benfluorex. Kulikuwa na kesi ya pamoja pia kwa Isoméride, jina la biashara la dexfenfluramine. Pia kuna majadiliano na kesi zinazoendelea kuhusu benfluorex.<ref>{{cite news |title=French patients sue over weight-loss drug linked to deaths|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/24/patients-sue-weight-loss-drug-mediator|work= The Guardian|date=24 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Mullard A |title=Mediator scandal rocks French medical community |journal=Lancet |volume=377 |issue=9769 |pages=890–892 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21409784 |url=http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611603346.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525202502/http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611603346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-05-25 }}</ref> Amezikwa katika Makaburi Makuu ya [[Orléans]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] 9dz7efrfe8tr19w86yhswo14a2rsrv8 0 249018 1595619 2026-09-09T16:43:37Z OtikolenoiL 71204 Created by translating the page "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/239360205|Jean-Michel Kambaza]]" 1595619 wikitext text/x-wiki Jean-Michel Kambaza, aliyezaliwa Oktoba 28, 1984, katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ni mjasiriamali wa Kongo anayefanya kazi katika sekta za kidijitali, matukio, na utamaduni. Alijulikana katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kupitia shughuli zake za ujasiriamali, hasa katika teknolojia na uzalishaji wa burudani za moja kwa moja. [[Jamii:Kinshasa]] fuzb1e72u3ojfsmpu5u4u1cy5w5xhtw 1595620 1595619 2026-09-09T16:45:09Z OtikolenoiL 71204 1595620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Michel Kambaza''', aliyezaliwa Oktoba 28, 1984, katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ni mjasiriamali wa Kongo anayefanya kazi katika sekta za kidijitali, matukio, na utamaduni. Alijulikana katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kupitia shughuli zake za ujasiriamali, hasa katika teknolojia na uzalishaji wa burudani za moja kwa moja. == Wasifu == === Elimu na Maisha ya Awali === Jean-Michel Kambaza alizaliwa Kinshasa Oktoba 28, 1984. Alitumia sehemu ya kazi yake ya kitaaluma nje ya nchi kabla ya kurudi Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ambapo polepole aliendeleza miradi kadhaa ya biashara na ujasiriamali. Ana uzoefu katika usimamizi na maendeleo ya biashara. Uzoefu wake wa kitaaluma ulimfanya azingalie mawasiliano na suluhisho za kidijitali kwa biashara. === Kazi === Jean-Michel Kambaza alianza kazi yake katika sekta ya mawasiliano. Alifanya kazi katika Airtel DRC, ambapo alikuwa na jukumu la kwingineko ya biashara. Uzoefu huu ulimfanya aelewe vyema mahitaji ya mawasiliano na huduma za kidijitali za biashara ndogo na za kati za Kongo (SMEs). Mnamo 2016, alianzisha Wikonnect, kampuni inayotoa suluhisho jumuishi za mawasiliano ya simu hasa kwa biashara na biashara ndogo na za kati. Kazi yake katika sekta ya kidijitali pia ilimfanya afanye kazi katika sekta ya umma kama Mshauri wa Kidijitali katika Wizara ya Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa, akiwa na majukumu yanayohusiana na miradi kadhaa ya kidijitali iliyotengenezwa na washirika wa kimataifa. Pamoja na shughuli zake za kidijitali, Kambaza anahusika katika sekta ya utamaduni. Amekuwa mtangazaji na mtayarishaji wa matukio, haswa katika uwanja wa vichekesho. Alianzisha Kaizen Productions, kampuni inayobobea katika uundaji, uzalishaji, na utangazaji wa maonyesho ya moja kwa moja. Kampuni hiyo imeandaa matukio kadhaa ya vichekesho huko Kinshasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na "Drôle de bande," "Imprévu," na "Rire de nos amours." Mnamo 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kaizen Productions na anaendelea na kazi yake katika kutengeneza maonyesho ya moja kwa moja na kuwasaidia wasanii wa Kongo. === Fedha za Kidijitali === Kazi yake ya kitaaluma pia imejikita katika huduma za kifedha za kidijitali. Mnamo 2024, akawa Mkuu wa Maendeleo katika Illicocash, haswa wakati wa uzinduzi wa huduma ya Benki ya Wakala iliyotengenezwa kwa ushirikiano na Rawbank. Programu hii inalenga kuleta huduma za kifedha karibu na idadi ya watu kupitia mtandao wa mawakala wa ndani. Kwa hivyo, Jean-Michel Kambaza anavutiwa na masuala yanayohusiana na mabadiliko ya kidijitali, ujumuishaji wa kifedha, na maendeleo ya suluhisho zinazofaa soko la Kongo. Kazi yake sasa inachanganya ujasiriamali, teknolojia ya kidijitali, huduma za kifedha, na tasnia ya kitamaduni. [[Jamii:Kinshasa]] klldsdqvurw138bno9okq7sr34qutvl 1595697 1595620 2026-09-10T09:31:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Michel Kambaza''' (alizaliwa [[Kinshasa]], Oktoba 28, 1984) ni mjasiriamali wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] anayefanya kazi katika sekta za kidijiti, matukio, na utamaduni. Alijulikana katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kupitia shughuli zake za ujasiriamali, hasa katika teknolojia na uzalishaji wa burudani za moja kwa moja. == Wasifu == === Elimu na Maisha ya Awali === Jean-Michel Kambaza alitumia sehemu ya kazi yake ya kitaaluma nje ya nchi kabla ya kurudi Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ambapo polepole aliendeleza miradi kadhaa ya biashara na ujasiriamali. Ana uzoefu katika usimamizi na maendeleo ya biashara. Uzoefu wake wa kitaaluma ulimfanya azingalie mawasiliano na suluhisho za kidijiti kwa biashara. === Kazi === Jean-Michel Kambaza alianza kazi yake katika sekta ya mawasiliano. Alifanya kazi katika Airtel DRC, ambapo alikuwa na jukumu la kwingineko ya biashara. Uzoefu huu ulimfanya aelewe vyema mahitaji ya mawasiliano na huduma za kidijitali za biashara ndogo na za kati za Kongo (SMEs). Mnamo 2016, alianzisha Wikonnect, kampuni inayotoa suluhisho jumuishi za mawasiliano ya simu hasa kwa biashara na biashara ndogo na za kati. Kazi yake katika sekta ya kidijitali pia ilimfanya afanye kazi katika sekta ya umma kama Mshauri wa Kidijitali katika Wizara ya Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa, akiwa na majukumu yanayohusiana na miradi kadhaa ya kidijitali iliyotengenezwa na washirika wa kimataifa. Pamoja na shughuli zake za kidijiti, Kambaza anahusika katika sekta ya utamaduni. Amekuwa mtangazaji na mtayarishaji wa matukio, haswa katika uwanja wa vichekesho. Alianzisha Kaizen Productions, kampuni inayobobea katika uundaji, uzalishaji, na utangazaji wa maonyesho ya moja kwa moja. Kampuni hiyo imeandaa matukio kadhaa ya vichekesho huko Kinshasa, ikiwa ni pamoja na "Drôle de bande," "Imprévu," na "Rire de nos amours." Mnamo 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kaizen Productions na anaendelea na kazi yake katika kutengeneza maonyesho ya moja kwa moja na kuwasaidia wasanii wa Kongo. === Fedha za Kidijiti === Kazi yake ya kitaaluma pia imejikita katika huduma za kifedha za kidijiti. Mnamo 2024, akawa Mkuu wa Maendeleo katika Illicocash, haswa wakati wa uzinduzi wa huduma ya Benki ya Wakala iliyotengenezwa kwa ushirikiano na Rawbank. Programu hii inalenga kuleta huduma za kifedha karibu na idadi ya watu kupitia mtandao wa mawakala wa ndani. Kwa hiyo, Jean-Michel Kambaza anavutiwa na masuala yanayohusiana na mabadiliko ya kidijiti, ujumuishaji wa kifedha, na maendeleo ya suluhisho zinazofaa soko la Kongo. Kazi yake sasa inachanganya ujasiriamali, teknolojia ya kidijiti, huduma za kifedha, na tasnia ya kitamaduni. {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:wajasiriamali wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:watu kutoka Kinshasa]] gne4wsd2c4s47d71x6ezk0la0zw735z 0 249019 1595628 2026-09-09T18:49:50Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Josephat Ababu Sorongo''' (alizaliwa tarehe 15 Aprili 1980) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Ni mpigaji wa mipira ya kasi ambaye alirejea katika kikosi cha kriketi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya Mashindano ya Mabingwa ya ICC ya 2004 baada ya kutokuwapo kwa miaka mitatu. Alirejea pamoja na Brijal Patel, Rageb Aga na Malhar Patel, baada ya kuvutia kwa uchezaji wake wa upigaji mipira mapema mwaka huo dhidi ya timu A ya Pakistan. Ababu alikuw...' 1595628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephat Ababu Sorongo''' (alizaliwa tarehe 15 Aprili 1980) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Ni mpigaji wa mipira ya kasi ambaye alirejea katika kikosi cha kriketi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya Mashindano ya Mabingwa ya ICC ya 2004 baada ya kutokuwapo kwa miaka mitatu. Alirejea pamoja na Brijal Patel, Rageb Aga na Malhar Patel, baada ya kuvutia kwa uchezaji wake wa upigaji mipira mapema mwaka huo dhidi ya timu A ya Pakistan. Ababu alikuwa miongoni mwa wapigaji wachache wa mipira waliowahi kuchukua wiketi kwa mpira wao wa kwanza kabisa katika [[mechi]] ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja. Alimtoa Neil Johnson kwa wiketi katika mechi kati ya Kenya na Zimbabwe mjini Nairobi mwaka 1999.<ref>[https://www.cricinfo.com/cricketers/josephat-ababu-24768 Josephat Ababu]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] agt77xxbehmf5hwwgsyqydz5t76ygyc 0 249020 1595629 2026-09-09T18:55:35Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ragheb Gul Aga''' (alizaliwa tarehe 10 Julai 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Kenya, aliyekuwa akicheza kama mchezaji mwenye uwezo wa kupiga na kurusha mipira kwa ajili ya Kenya katika mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja na Kimataifa za Twenty20, na pia aliichezea Sussex katika kriketi ya ndani nchini England. Alikuwa nahodha wa tatu wa Kenya ndani ya kipindi cha miezi miwili mnamo Novemba 2004, alipoliongoza [[timu]] katika fainali za Kombe la M...' 1595629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ragheb Gul Aga''' (alizaliwa tarehe 10 Julai 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Kenya, aliyekuwa akicheza kama mchezaji mwenye uwezo wa kupiga na kurusha mipira kwa ajili ya Kenya katika mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja na Kimataifa za Twenty20, na pia aliichezea Sussex katika kriketi ya ndani nchini England. Alikuwa nahodha wa tatu wa Kenya ndani ya kipindi cha miezi miwili mnamo Novemba 2004, alipoliongoza [[timu]] katika fainali za Kombe la Mabara la ICC badala ya Hitesh Modi. == Kazi katika mashindano ya kaunti == Mwaka 2008, Aga alisaini mkataba wa mwaka mmoja wa kucheza kriketi ya kaunti kwa Sussex,<ref>[http://content.cricinfo.com/kenya/content/story/360867.html "Ragheb Aga recalled for Europe tour".] Cricinfo. 12 July 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2008.</ref> baada ya kuichezea timu hiyo katika kriketi ya Orodha A wakati wa msimu wa 2007. Hata hivyo, alirejeshwa kwa kushtukiza katika timu ya [[Kenya]] mwaka 2008. Aga alitumia misimu miwili zaidi akiwa Sussex kabla ya kuachiliwa na klabu hiyo mwishoni mwa msimu wa 2010. == Rekodi == Aga alikuwa mpigaji wa kwanza wa [[mpira]] kufunga nusu karne katika mechi ya Kimataifa ya Twenty20 akiwa amepiga katika nafasi ya nane au chini zaidi. Alifunga mikimbio 52 bila kutolewa dhidi ya Scotland tarehe 13 Novemba 2013. Hii ilikuwa alama ya juu zaidi katika nafasi hiyo hadi ilipovunjwa na Simi Singh mwaka 2018.<ref>[http://stats.espncricinfo.com/t20champions/content/records/284241.html "Records | Twenty20 Internationals | Batting records | Most runs in an innings (by batting position) | ESPN Cricinfo".] Cricinfo. Retrieved 28 February 2017.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d8ljkbpf2d8xmp8crswca1rxzl66cal 0 249021 1595633 2026-09-09T20:07:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Timoumi''' (Kiarabu: محمد التيمومي; alizaliwa [[15 Januari]] [[1960]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa [[Moroko]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji. Alitangazwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Mpira wa Miguu [[Afrika]] [[mwaka]] [[1985]], na alikuwa mchezaji wa mwisho kushinda [[tuzo]] hiyo akiwa anacheza mpira wa vilabu katika nchi ya Afrika. Mwaka [[2006]], alichaguliwa na CAF (Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu Afrika) kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji 200 bora wa mpira wa miguu barani Afrika katika kipindi cha miaka 50 iliyopita. == Maisha ya soka == Timoumi alishiriki katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la [[1986]] lililofanyika [[Meksiko|Mexico]]. Katika ngazi ya vilabu, alishinda Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF akiwa na FAR Rabat, iliyokuwa klabu kubwa zaidi ya mpira wa miguu ya Moroko katika kipindi chake. Pia alishindana kuiwakilisha Moroko katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya [[1984]]. Timoumi alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu akiwa na umri mdogo katika timu ya Union de Touarga, ambako alikuwa mchezaji mwenye umri mdogo zaidi. Huko ndiko alikogunduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza na waangalizi na wataalamu wa mpira wa miguu wa Moroko. Kipaji chake kilichokuwa kikikua kilimfanya ajiunge na mojawapo ya vilabu vikubwa vya Moroko, FAR Rabat, ambako alishinda Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF mwaka [[1985]]. == Heshima na mafanikio == AS FAR * Botola Pro: 1984 * Kombe la Kiti cha Enzi cha Moroko: [[1984]], 1985 * Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF: 1985 Moroko * Michezo ya Mediterania: [[1983]] * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: nafasi ya tatu, [[1980]] * Michezo ya Pan Arab: mshindi wa pili, 1985 * Nehru Cup: nafasi ya tatu, 1985 Mafanikio binafsi * Mchezaji Bora wa Mpira wa Miguu Afrika: 1985 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mpira wa Miguu wa Moroko: [[1985]] * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF: 1985 * Mchezaji Bora wa Mpira wa Miguu Afrika wa Karne ya 20: nafasi ya 30 * Timu Bora ya Wachezaji wa Moroko ya Wakati Wote ya IFFHS <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151009092635/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=58975/index.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418045626/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ti/mohamed-timoumi-1.html</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/mohamed-timoumi/profil/spieler/117219</ref><ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mohamed-timoumi/57360</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} m6vj4mx85gck33ejilyfzfrihouhtu7 0 249022 1595640 2026-09-10T02:09:30Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frasat Ali Mughal''' (31 Julai 1949 – 13 Oktoba 2022) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi mwenye uwezo wa kupiga na kurusha mipira kutoka Kenya, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coastweek - The most from the coast|url=http://coastweek.com/3909-sports-05.htm|work=coastweek.com|accessdate=2026-09-10|author=Coastweek Kenya}}</ref>aliyezaliwa Pakistan. Aliichezea timu ya kriketi ya Afrika Mashariki. Alicheza katika mechi ya kwanza kabisa ya Afrika Mashariki ya Kimataifa...' 1595640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frasat Ali Mughal''' (31 Julai 1949 – 13 Oktoba 2022) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi mwenye uwezo wa kupiga na kurusha mipira kutoka Kenya, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Coastweek - The most from the coast|url=http://coastweek.com/3909-sports-05.htm|work=coastweek.com|accessdate=2026-09-10|author=Coastweek Kenya}}</ref>aliyezaliwa Pakistan. Aliichezea timu ya kriketi ya Afrika Mashariki. Alicheza katika mechi ya kwanza kabisa ya Afrika Mashariki ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja dhidi ya New Zealand, ikiwa ni mechi yao ya kwanza katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la 1975. Katika mechi hiyo, alifunga mikimbio 45, ambayo ilikuwa alama ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufungwa na mchezaji yeyote wa timu ya kriketi ya Afrika Mashariki. Alicheza katika mechi zote tatu za Afrika Mashariki kwenye Kombe la Dunia, lakini hakuchukua wiketi yoyote kwa mipira yake ya kasi ya wastani. Frasat Ali alifariki tarehe 13 Oktoba 2022.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/frasat-ali-23950 "Frasat Ali profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos"]. ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 November 2022.</ref> Frasat Ali alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kufungua upigaji na ufungaji wa mipira katika [[mechi]] ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, alipofanya hivyo katika mechi ya Kombe la Dunia dhidi ya New Zealand. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] bf12i4kuo27rh10x0j3mvb98bl3u4ls 1595661 1595640 2026-09-10T04:44:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frasat Ali Mughal''' (31 Julai 1949 – 13 Oktoba 2022) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi mwenye uwezo wa kupiga na kurusha mipira kutoka Kenya, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coastweek - The most from the coast|url=http://coastweek.com/3909-sports-05.htm|work=coastweek.com|accessdate=2026-09-10|author=Coastweek Kenya}}</ref>aliyezaliwa Pakistan. Aliichezea timu ya kriketi ya Afrika Mashariki. Alicheza katika mechi ya kwanza kabisa ya Afrika Mashariki ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja dhidi ya New Zealand, ikiwa ni mechi yao ya kwanza katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la 1975. Katika mechi hiyo, alifunga mikimbio 45, ambayo ilikuwa alama ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufungwa na mchezaji yeyote wa timu ya kriketi ya Afrika Mashariki. Alicheza katika mechi zote tatu za Afrika Mashariki kwenye Kombe la Dunia, lakini hakuchukua wiketi yoyote kwa mipira yake ya kasi ya wastani. Frasat Ali alifariki tarehe 13 Oktoba 2022.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/frasat-ali-23950 "Frasat Ali profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos"]. ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 4 November 2022.</ref> Frasat Ali alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kufungua upigaji na ufungaji wa mipira katika [[mechi]] ya Kimataifa ya Siku Moja, alipofanya hivyo katika mechi ya Kombe la Dunia dhidi ya New Zealand. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] hfs8smrrxapihrxwobbofujib3r8830 0 249023 1595641 2026-09-10T02:12:01Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rajab Wazir Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 19 Novemba 1965) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Aliichezea Kenya katika mechi tisa za Kimataifa za Siku Moja. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa Kenya kupewa kofia ya ODI. Kwa miaka kadhaa, alikuwa mpigaji wa kwanza wa mipira wa kufungua [[mchezo]] kwa timu ya Kenya.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/rajab-ali-24687 "Rajab Ali"]. ESPNcricinfo.com. Retrieved 9 November 2025.</ref> == Ma...' 1595641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rajab Wazir Ali''' (alizaliwa tarehe 19 Novemba 1965) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Aliichezea Kenya katika mechi tisa za Kimataifa za Siku Moja. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa Kenya kupewa kofia ya ODI. Kwa miaka kadhaa, alikuwa mpigaji wa kwanza wa mipira wa kufungua [[mchezo]] kwa timu ya Kenya.<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/rajab-ali-24687 "Rajab Ali"]. ESPNcricinfo.com. Retrieved 9 November 2025.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p6m8vekutmptvv0y5195o03bfea8u9j 0 249024 1595642 2026-09-10T02:15:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zulfiqar Ali''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1947) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Kenya]] aliyecheza mechi tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa ajili ya [[Afrika]] Mashariki. Katika mechi yake ya tatu dhidi ya Uingereza, alichukua wiketi tatu kwa mikimbio 63, ikiwa ndiyo takwimu bora zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa na mpigaji wa mipira yeyote wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/23977.html Cricinfo]</ref> == Marejeo == <reference...' 1595642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zulfiqar Ali''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1947) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Kenya]] aliyecheza mechi tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa ajili ya [[Afrika]] Mashariki. Katika mechi yake ya tatu dhidi ya Uingereza, alichukua wiketi tatu kwa mikimbio 63, ikiwa ndiyo takwimu bora zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa na mpigaji wa mipira yeyote wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/23977.html Cricinfo]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jmwfd1mllyc9suwjhk4m3lnx0v91lck 1595698 1595642 2026-09-10T09:32:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Zulfiqar Ali (Mchezaji wa kriketi wa Kenya)]] hadi [[Zulfiqar Ali (mwanakriketi wa Kenya)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1595642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zulfiqar Ali''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1947) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Kenya]] aliyecheza mechi tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa ajili ya [[Afrika]] Mashariki. Katika mechi yake ya tatu dhidi ya Uingereza, alichukua wiketi tatu kwa mikimbio 63, ikiwa ndiyo takwimu bora zaidi kuwahi kurekodiwa na mpigaji wa mipira yeyote wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/23977.html Cricinfo]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jmwfd1mllyc9suwjhk4m3lnx0v91lck 0 249025 1595643 2026-09-10T02:18:27Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Oduol Angara''' (alizaliwa tarehe 8 Novemba 1971) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Kenya]] aliyecheza mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa timu ya taifa ya Kenya kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2003, ikiwemo katika Kombe la Dunia la 1999 na 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/5/5579/5579.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Kazi == ==== Akiwa mchezaji ==...' 1595643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Oduol Angara''' (alizaliwa tarehe 8 Novemba 1971) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Kenya]] aliyecheza mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa timu ya taifa ya Kenya kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2003, ikiwemo katika Kombe la Dunia la 1999 na 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/5/5579/5579.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Kazi == ==== Akiwa mchezaji ==== Moja ya mechi bora za Angara katika Kimataifa za Siku Moja ilikuwa katika [[mashindano]] ya timu tatu yaliyofanyika Afrika Kusini mwaka 2001. Katika mechi ya sita ya mashindano hayo, alichukua wiketi 3 kwa mikimbio 30, na kuisaidia timu yake kuishinda India kwa tofauti ya mikimbio 70. Katika mechi yake ya kwanza ya mashindano hayo, Angara alirusha mipira minne bila kuruhusu mikimbio katika kipindi chake cha kwanza, huku akichukua wiketi ya Sachin Tendulkar, aliyekuwa ametolewa kwa mikimbio 3. Angara alitajwa kuwa [[mchezaji]] bora wa mechi. ==== Akiwa kocha ==== Angara aliteuliwa kuwa kocha wa timu ya taifa ya kriketi ya Botswana mwezi Julai 2015. Awali alikuwa ameifundisha timu ya taifa ya Botswana ya wachezaji walio chini ya umri wa miaka 19 katika Mashindano ya [[Afrika]] ya Chini ya Miaka 19 ya 2015. Pia aliwahi kufanya kazi kama kocha wa maendeleo katika Cricket Kenya, ambapo majukumu yake yalijumuisha kuifundisha timu ya Northern Nomads katika Ligi ya Wasomi ya Sahara. Mkataba wake kama kocha mkuu wa Botswana ulimalizika mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New cricket coach checks in as Angara departs|url=https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/new-cricket-coach-checks-in-as-angara-departs/news|work=Mmegi Online|date=2023-07-22|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en|author=Mqondisi Dube}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f3mjmp4dorpytjwv202a50b79qo0huc 1595663 1595643 2026-09-10T05:16:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Oduol Angara''' (alizaliwa tarehe 8 Novemba 1971) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Kenya]] aliyecheza mechi za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa timu ya taifa ya Kenya kati ya mwaka 1997 na 2003, ikiwemo katika Kombe la Dunia la 1999 na 2003.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/5/5579/5579.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Kazi == ==== Akiwa mchezaji ==== Moja ya mechi bora za Angara katika Kimataifa za Siku Moja ilikuwa katika [[mashindano]] ya timu tatu yaliyofanyika Afrika Kusini mwaka 2001. Katika mechi ya sita ya mashindano hayo, alichukua wiketi 3 kwa mikimbio 30, na kuisaidia timu yake kuishinda India kwa tofauti ya mikimbio 70. Katika mechi yake ya kwanza ya mashindano hayo, Angara alirusha mipira minne bila kuruhusu mikimbio katika kipindi chake cha kwanza, huku akichukua wiketi ya Sachin Tendulkar, aliyekuwa ametolewa kwa mikimbio 3. Angara alitajwa kuwa [[mchezaji]] bora wa mechi. ==== Akiwa kocha ==== Angara aliteuliwa kuwa kocha wa timu ya taifa ya kriketi ya Botswana mwezi Julai 2015. Awali alikuwa ameifundisha timu ya taifa ya Botswana ya wachezaji walio chini ya umri wa miaka 19 katika Mashindano ya [[Afrika]] ya Chini ya Miaka 19 ya 2015. Pia aliwahi kufanya kazi kama kocha wa maendeleo katika Cricket Kenya, ambapo majukumu yake yalijumuisha kuifundisha timu ya Northern Nomads katika Ligi ya Wasomi ya Sahara. Mkataba wake kama kocha mkuu wa Botswana ulimalizika mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New cricket coach checks in as Angara departs|url=https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/new-cricket-coach-checks-in-as-angara-departs/news|work=Mmegi Online|date=2023-07-22|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en|author=Mqondisi Dube}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9cy15kpoxnktzspwal5i3ecp0uajzfq 0 249026 1595644 2026-09-10T02:20:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jadhavji Bhimji''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Juni 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alianza kucheza kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kwa Kenya dhidi ya Zimbabwe A mwezi Desemba 2001. Baadaye alicheza katika [[mechi]] nyingine mbili za daraja la kwanza kwa Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Mabara la ICC la 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Intercontinental Cup, 2003/04-2004/05 - Kenya Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncric...' 1595644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jadhavji Bhimji''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Juni 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alianza kucheza kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kwa Kenya dhidi ya Zimbabwe A mwezi Desemba 2001. Baadaye alicheza katika [[mechi]] nyingine mbili za daraja la kwanza kwa Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Mabara la ICC la 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Intercontinental Cup, 2003/04-2004/05 - Kenya Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=2433&team=26&type=tournament|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Alianza kucheza kriketi ya Orodha A kwa Kenya dhidi ya Zimbabwe A katika mashindano ya Changamoto ya Mataifa Sita ya ICC ya 2002 mwezi Aprili 2002. Mwezi Novemba 2019, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya [[mashindano]] ya Ligi ya Changamoto B ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi, yaliyofanyika Oman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Star|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sports/football/2019-11-16-the-46-year-old-swamibapas-bowler-is-a-surprise-inclusion-in-kenya-team-as-otieno-dropped-again|work=The Star|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en-KE}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oiy73bvz174tbm1fn5rkqv6v9q6iwbd 1595662 1595644 2026-09-10T05:07:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jadhavji Bhimji''' (alizaliwa tarehe 28 Juni 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alianza kucheza kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kwa Kenya dhidi ya Zimbabwe A mwezi Desemba 2001. Baadaye alicheza katika [[mechi]] nyingine mbili za daraja la kwanza kwa Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Mabara la ICC la 2004.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ICC Intercontinental Cup, 2003/04-2004/05 - Kenya Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=2433&team=26&type=tournament|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Alianza kucheza kriketi ya Orodha A kwa Kenya dhidi ya Zimbabwe A katika mashindano ya Changamoto ya Mataifa Sita ya ICC ya 2002 mwezi Aprili 2002. Mwezi Novemba 2019, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya [[mashindano]] ya Ligi ya Changamoto B ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi, yaliyofanyika Oman.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Star|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sports/football/2019-11-16-the-46-year-old-swamibapas-bowler-is-a-surprise-inclusion-in-kenya-team-as-otieno-dropped-again|work=The Star|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en-KE}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qjncwv4he31zhdghwoe29pc23o4o9d1 0 249027 1595645 2026-09-10T02:23:19Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rajesh Bhudia''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha wachezaji 15 cha Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la 2007. Hakucheza kriketi yoyote tangu mwaka 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajesh Bhudia|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/24773.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} Jamii:Waliozaliwa...' 1595645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rajesh Bhudia''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha wachezaji 15 cha Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la 2007. Hakucheza kriketi yoyote tangu mwaka 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajesh Bhudia|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/24773.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7p8qm75roa0q16ompv1j2x5mxkihrg1 1595665 1595645 2026-09-10T07:32:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rajesh Bhudia''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha wachezaji 15 cha Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi la 2007. Hakucheza kriketi yoyote tangu mwaka 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rajesh Bhudia|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/24773.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t594oht3i9c46j1svv3hchnys184i8n 0 249028 1595646 2026-09-10T02:26:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sachin Ramniklal Bhudia''' (alizaliwa tarehe 24 Septemba 1998) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Mwezi Desemba 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sachin Bhudia|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/1107656.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Kenya kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la 2018. Mwezi Oktoba 2018, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya...' 1595646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sachin Ramniklal Bhudia''' (alizaliwa tarehe 24 Septemba 1998) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Mwezi Desemba 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sachin Bhudia|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/1107656.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Kenya kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la 2018. Mwezi Oktoba 2018, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Ligi ya Dunia ya Kriketi ya ICC Daraja la Tatu ya 2018 nchini Oman. Alicheza katika mechi ya kwanza ya Kenya katika mashindano hayo dhidi ya Oman tarehe 9 Novemba 2018. Mwezi Mei 2019, Bhudia aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya hatua ya fainali za kanda za [[mashindano]] ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la ICC la Twenty20 la Afrika la 2018–19 nchini Uganda. Alianza kucheza Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kwa Kenya dhidi ya Uganda tarehe 22 Mei 2019. Mwezi Septemba 2019, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la ICC la Twenty20 la 2019 nchini Falme za Kiarabu. Mwezi Novemba 2019, alicheza katika timu ya Kenya kwenye mashindano ya Ligi ya Changamoto B ya [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi nchini Oman. Alianza kucheza kriketi ya Orodha A dhidi ya Jersey tarehe 9 Desemba 2019. Mwezi Novemba 2022, Bhudia alichukua nafasi ya Shem Ngoche kama nahodha wa Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhudia replaces Ngoche as national cricket team captain|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/cricket/2001460446/bhudia-replaces-ngoche-as-national-cricket-team-captain|work=The Standard|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en|author=Ochieng Oyugi}}</ref> Pia aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya kufuzu ya kanda ya Afrika kwa Kombe la Dunia la Twenty20 la 2024. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jg837hiudew52liog8m5ywi9z3ezqxv 1595667 1595646 2026-09-10T07:41:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sachin Ramniklal Bhudia''' (alizaliwa tarehe 24 Septemba 1998) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi kutoka [[Kenya]]. Mwezi Desemba 2017,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sachin Bhudia|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/1107656.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Kenya kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la 2018. Mwezi Oktoba 2018, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Ligi ya Dunia ya Kriketi ya ICC Daraja la Tatu ya 2018 nchini Oman. Alicheza katika mechi ya kwanza ya Kenya katika mashindano hayo dhidi ya Oman tarehe 9 Novemba 2018. Mwezi Mei 2019, Bhudia aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya hatua ya fainali za kanda za [[mashindano]] ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la ICC la Twenty20 la Afrika la 2018–19 nchini Uganda. Alianza kucheza Kimataifa ya Twenty20 kwa Kenya dhidi ya Uganda tarehe 22 Mei 2019. Mwezi Septemba 2019, aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la ICC la Twenty20 la 2019 nchini Falme za Kiarabu. Mwezi Novemba 2019, alicheza katika timu ya Kenya kwenye mashindano ya Ligi ya Changamoto B ya [[Kombe]] la Dunia la Kriketi nchini Oman. Alianza kucheza kriketi ya Orodha A dhidi ya Jersey tarehe 9 Desemba 2019. Mwezi Novemba 2022, Bhudia alichukua nafasi ya Shem Ngoche kama nahodha wa Kenya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bhudia replaces Ngoche as national cricket team captain|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/cricket/2001460446/bhudia-replaces-ngoche-as-national-cricket-team-captain|work=The Standard|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en|author=Ochieng Oyugi}}</ref> Pia aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya kufuzu ya kanda ya Afrika kwa Kombe la Dunia la Twenty20 la 2024. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lfyhb29w6ci9p9xl4yktziihvt6h6yr 0 249029 1595647 2026-09-10T02:31:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dipak Nanalal Chudasama''' (alizaliwa tarehe 20 Mei 1963) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Kenya mwenye asili ya Kihindi ya Kiguja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outlook India - India's Best Magazine{{!}} Find Latest News, Top Headlines, Live Updates|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/the-cricket-chromosome-news-201112|work=Outlook India|date=2022-02-06|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia. Alijulikana kwa jina la ut...' 1595647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dipak Nanalal Chudasama''' (alizaliwa tarehe 20 Mei 1963) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Kenya mwenye asili ya Kihindi ya Kiguja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Outlook India - India's Best Magazine{{!}} Find Latest News, Top Headlines, Live Updates|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/the-cricket-chromosome-news-201112|work=Outlook India|date=2022-02-06|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia. Alijulikana kwa jina la utani la "The Doc" kwa sababu ni daktari bingwa wa kurekebisha mpangilio wa [[meno]]. Chudasama alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa Kenya kufunga karne katika mechi ya kimataifa. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Baada ya kuanza kucheza mwaka 1980, Chudasama aliiwakilisha Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la 1996, pamoja na Mashindano ya Kombe la ICC ya 1990, 1994 na 1997. Kwa jumla, alicheza mechi 20 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2/2262/2262.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Alama yake ya juu ilikuwa mikimbio 122 dhidi ya Bangladesh mjini Nairobi, katika [[mashindano]] ya Kombe la Rais la 1997–98. Katika mechi hiyo, alishiriki katika ushirikiano wa kwanza wa kufungua mchezo uliokuwa rekodi kwa Kenya. Chudasama pia alitembelea nchi kadhaa barani Asia na Afrika, pamoja na Uholanzi. == Maisha nje ya kriketi == Mbali na kucheza kriketi, Chudasama aliiwakilisha [[Kenya]] katika Mashindano ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya Tenisi ya Meza ya 1982 yaliyofanyika Bombay, India. Baada ya kumaliza taaluma yake ya michezo, Chudasama alikuja kuwa daktari bingwa wa kurekebisha mpangilio wa meno anayejulikana, akifanya kazi Coppell, Texas. Pia alifundisha taaluma ya urekebishaji wa mpangilio wa meno katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jacksonville kwa miaka kadhaa kabla ya kufungua kliniki yake binafsi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 53p662hj2e8ofp8am95hqiu0uj8xgw1 1595660 1595647 2026-09-10T04:27:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dipak Nanalal Chudasama''' (alizaliwa tarehe 20 Mei 1963) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi kutoka Kenya mwenye asili ya Kihindi ya Kiguja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Outlook India - India's Best Magazine{{!}} Find Latest News, Top Headlines, Live Updates|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/the-cricket-chromosome-news-201112|work=Outlook India|date=2022-02-06|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia. Alijulikana kwa jina la utani la "The Doc" kwa sababu ni daktari bingwa wa kurekebisha mpangilio wa [[meno]]. Chudasama alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa Kenya kufunga karne katika mechi ya kimataifa. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Baada ya kuanza kucheza mwaka 1980, Chudasama aliiwakilisha Kenya katika [[Kombe]] la Dunia la 1996, pamoja na Mashindano ya Kombe la ICC ya 1990, 1994 na 1997. Kwa jumla, alicheza mechi 20 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Home of CricketArchive|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2/2262/2262.html|work=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Alama yake ya juu ilikuwa mikimbio 122 dhidi ya Bangladesh mjini Nairobi, katika [[mashindano]] ya Kombe la Rais la 1997–98. Katika mechi hiyo, alishiriki katika ushirikiano wa kwanza wa kufungua mchezo uliokuwa rekodi kwa Kenya. Chudasama pia alitembelea nchi kadhaa barani Asia na Afrika, pamoja na Uholanzi. == Maisha nje ya kriketi == Mbali na kucheza kriketi, Chudasama aliiwakilisha [[Kenya]] katika Mashindano ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya Tenisi ya Meza ya 1982 yaliyofanyika Bombay, India. Baada ya kumaliza taaluma yake ya michezo, Chudasama alikuja kuwa daktari bingwa wa kurekebisha mpangilio wa meno anayejulikana, akifanya kazi Coppell, Texas. Pia alifundisha taaluma ya urekebishaji wa mpangilio wa meno katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jacksonville kwa miaka kadhaa kabla ya kufungua kliniki yake binafsi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o0bh52mgyalu15o7nh46u6627z8ed5l 0 249030 1595648 2026-09-10T02:44:24Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aman Gandhi''' (amezaliwa 5 Mei 2000) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aman Gandhi|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/1107657.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2019, alitajwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la ICC la T20 la 2019 yaliyofanyika katika Falme za Kiarabu. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kwa mashindano hayo ya T20, alitajwa katika kikosi cha...' 1595648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aman Gandhi''' (amezaliwa 5 Mei 2000) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aman Gandhi|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com:80/ci/content/player/1107657.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2019, alitajwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Kufuzu Kombe la Dunia la ICC la T20 la 2019 yaliyofanyika katika Falme za Kiarabu. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kwa mashindano hayo ya T20, alitajwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la Vijana chini ya miaka 19 la 2018. Alifanya [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa wa Twenty20 (T20I) kwa Kenya dhidi ya Singapore tarehe 23 Oktoba 2019. Mnamo Novemba 2019, alitajwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Ligi B ya Changamoto ya Kombe la [[Dunia]] la Kriketi yaliyofanyika Oman. Gandhi alizaliwa Nairobi, Kenya, katika familia yenye asili ya Kihindi.<ref>{{Citation|title=U-19 World Cup: Cricket’s great desi takeover|date=2018-01-19|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/u-19-world-cup/u-19-world-cup-crickets-great-desi-takeover/articleshow/62563585.cms|work=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257|access-date=2026-09-10}}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2022, alitajwa katika kikosi cha Kenya kwa ajili ya mashindano ya Ligi B ya Changamoto ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi ya 2022 yaliyofanyika Jersey. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa Daraja A tarehe 5 Agosti 2022, akiichezea [[Kenya]] dhidi ya Hong Kong. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3cj77mffeao45ufnkbenenkuaplbo10 0 249031 1595651 2026-09-10T02:48:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Runish Gudhka''' (amezaliwa 6 Septemba 1989) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi wa [[Kenya]] ambaye aliichezea timu ya taifa.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/494133.html "Runish Gudhka".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</ref> Amecheza katika mechi mbili za Kimataifa za Siku Moja (ODI), na mara ya mwisho alicheza kriketi mwaka 2012. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]' 1595651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Runish Gudhka''' (amezaliwa 6 Septemba 1989) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kriketi wa [[Kenya]] ambaye aliichezea timu ya taifa.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/494133.html "Runish Gudhka".] ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</ref> Amecheza katika mechi mbili za Kimataifa za Siku Moja (ODI), na mara ya mwisho alicheza kriketi mwaka 2012. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g4fpluaayabxpz2pclaqh92g9uezdaa 0 249032 1595652 2026-09-10T02:52:03Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandip Gupta''' (pia anajulikana kama Sandeep Gupta; alizaliwa 7 Aprili 1967) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa Kenya ambaye aliiwakilisha nchi yake katika mechi 10 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1996 na 2001. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mshikaji wa mipira, na katika ngazi ya klabu aliichezea Nairobi Gymkhana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} Kenya {{!}} Kenya: Player Profiles|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/1999_cricket_world_cup...' 1595652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandip Gupta''' (pia anajulikana kama Sandeep Gupta; alizaliwa 7 Aprili 1967) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa Kenya ambaye aliiwakilisha nchi yake katika mechi 10 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1996 na 2001. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mshikaji wa mipira, na katika ngazi ya klabu aliichezea Nairobi Gymkhana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} Kenya {{!}} Kenya: Player Profiles|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/1999_cricket_world_cup/teams/kenya/321290.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Gupta alicheza [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa wa Siku Moja dhidi ya Sri Lanka wakati wa [[Kombe]] la Sameer la 1996–97. Akiwa anapiga katika nafasi ya tatu, alifunga mikimbio 41 kwa kutumia mipira 66. Alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Meril ya mwaka 1999, ambapo aliisaidia timu ya Kenya kufika fainali. Kenya ilifungwa kwa tofauti ya mikimbio 202 dhidi ya Zimbabwe katika mchezo huo wa fainali, ambapo Grant Flower, aliyechaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi, alifunga mikimbio 140. Gupta alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Kenya katika Kombe la Dunia la 1999. Alicheza katika mechi mbili kati ya tano za [[Kenya]] katika hatua ya makundi. Katika mchezo dhidi ya India, alitolewa bila kufunga mkimbio kwenye mpira wake wa kwanza. Dhidi ya Afrika Kusini, alifunga mkimbio mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Batting records {{!}} One-Day Internationals {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/24694.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9r7c1ozknjn5zdzf0m11rmf28jt9k6b 1595668 1595652 2026-09-10T07:44:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1595668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandip Gupta''' (pia anajulikana kama Sandeep Gupta; alizaliwa 7 Aprili 1967) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa Kenya ambaye aliiwakilisha nchi yake katika mechi 10 za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kati ya mwaka 1996 na 2001. Alikuwa mpigaji wa kulia na mshikaji wa mipira, na katika ngazi ya klabu aliichezea Nairobi Gymkhana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BBC News {{!}} Kenya {{!}} Kenya: Player Profiles|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/1999_cricket_world_cup/teams/kenya/321290.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> Gupta alicheza [[mchezo]] wake wa kwanza wa Kimataifa wa Siku Moja dhidi ya Sri Lanka wakati wa [[Kombe]] la Sameer la 1996–97. Akiwa anapiga katika nafasi ya tatu, alifunga mikimbio 41 kwa kutumia mipira 66. Alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Meril ya mwaka 1999, ambapo aliisaidia timu ya Kenya kufika fainali. Kenya ilifungwa kwa tofauti ya mikimbio 202 dhidi ya Zimbabwe katika mchezo huo wa fainali, ambapo Grant Flower, aliyechaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa mechi, alifunga mikimbio 140. Gupta alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Kenya katika Kombe la Dunia la 1999. Alicheza katika mechi mbili kati ya tano za [[Kenya]] katika hatua ya makundi. Katika mchezo dhidi ya India, alitolewa bila kufunga mkimbio kwenye mpira wake wa kwanza. Dhidi ya Afrika Kusini, alifunga mkimbio mmoja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Batting records {{!}} One-Day Internationals {{!}} Cricinfo Statsguru {{!}} Cricinfo.com|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/24694.html|work=Cricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kgnhl1cgfdwksseojcffsl9o373b7m8 0 249033 1595653 2026-09-10T02:54:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tariq Iqbal''' (alizaliwa 1964) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa [[Kenya]]. Amecheza mechi tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa ajili ya Kenya. Alizaliwa Nairobi mwaka 1964. Mchezo wake wa mwisho ulikuwa ushindi maarufu wa Kenya dhidi ya West Indies katika Kombe la Dunia la 1996, ambapo alicheza kama mshikaji wa mipira nyuma ya visiki na kumkamata Brian Lara. Tukio hilo limeendelea kuwa jambo lake kuu la kujivunia na linalomfanya akumbukwe katika...' 1595653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariq Iqbal''' (alizaliwa 1964) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa [[Kenya]]. Amecheza mechi tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa ajili ya Kenya. Alizaliwa Nairobi mwaka 1964. Mchezo wake wa mwisho ulikuwa ushindi maarufu wa Kenya dhidi ya West Indies katika Kombe la Dunia la 1996, ambapo alicheza kama mshikaji wa mipira nyuma ya visiki na kumkamata Brian Lara. Tukio hilo limeendelea kuwa jambo lake kuu la kujivunia na linalomfanya akumbukwe katika historia ya kriketi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tariq Iqbal Profile - Cricket Player Kenya {{!}} Stats, Records, Video|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/tariq-iqbal-24695|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en}}</ref> Kabla ya kumtoa Lara, alikuwa ametoa mikimbio ya ziada kutokana na mipira iliyopita bila kuguswa na mpigaji, na pia alikosa kukamata mpira uliopigwa kuelekea upande wa [[mguu]]. Baadaye katika mchezo huo, pia alimkamata Roger Harper. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] admvbg34aorh2q4yspeqsvgzwk9hh44 1595673 1595653 2026-09-10T08:04:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1595673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariq Iqbal''' (alizaliwa 1964) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kriketi wa [[Kenya]]. Amecheza mechi tatu za Kimataifa za Siku Moja kwa ajili ya Kenya. Alizaliwa Nairobi mwaka 1964. Mchezo wake wa mwisho ulikuwa ushindi maarufu wa Kenya dhidi ya West Indies katika Kombe la Dunia la 1996, ambapo alicheza kama mshikaji wa mipira nyuma ya visiki na kumkamata Brian Lara. Tukio hilo limeendelea kuwa jambo lake kuu la kujivunia na linalomfanya akumbukwe katika historia ya kriketi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tariq Iqbal Profile - Cricket Player Kenya {{!}} Stats, Records, Video|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/tariq-iqbal-24695|work=ESPNcricinfo|accessdate=2026-09-10|language=en}}</ref> Kabla ya kumtoa Lara, alikuwa ametoa mikimbio ya ziada kutokana na mipira iliyopita bila kuguswa na mpigaji, na pia alikosa kukamata mpira uliopigwa kuelekea upande wa [[mguu]]. Baadaye katika mchezo huo, pia alimkamata Roger Harper. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-kriketi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bd4xqbq99vjpvt75qhtsri3gkjlx3nm 0 249034 1595666 2026-09-10T07:40:22Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595666 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:CINvBST 2018-06-13 - Olivier Mbaizo (44657035814) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Olivier Mbaizo]] '''Olivier Mbaissidara Mbaizo''' (alizaliwa [[15 Agosti]] [[1997]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun|Cameroon]] ambaye hucheza kama beki katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Cameroon. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == === Union Douala === Mbaizo alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika Union Douala ya ligi ya MTN Elite One [[mwaka]] [[2016]]. Aliisaidia Douala kumaliza katika nafasi ya nne kwenye msimamo wa ligi na alicheza katika Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF dhidi ya Zamalek. === Rainbow === Mwaka [[2017]], Mbaizo aliichezea Rainbow, akicheza [[mechi]] 10 katika msimu huo. === Bethlehem Steel === Mnamo [[Januari]] [[2018]], Mbaizo alisaini [[mkataba]] na Bethlehem Steel, iliyokuwa klabu mshirika ya USL ya Philadelphia Union. Shirika hilo lilimkutanisha tena na mchezaji mwenzake wa zamani wa timu za vijana za Cameroon, Eric Ayuk. === Philadelphia Union === Kufikia [[Aprili]] [[2018]], Mbaizo alisajiliwa na Philadelphia Union, klabu iliyokuwa mshirika wa MLS wa Bethlehem Steel, baada ya kufanya vizuri na kikosi cha kwanza wakati wa mazoezi ya kabla ya msimu. Akiwa amesajiliwa na Union, kwa kiasi kikubwa alipelekwa kwa mkopo tena Bethlehem Steel kwa msimu wa 2018. Alianza kucheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika kikosi cha kwanza cha Union mnamo [[Septemba]], akianza katika ushindi wa 2–0 dhidi ya Sporting Kansas City. == Maisha ya soka ya kimataifa == Mbaizo alipanda hatua kwa hatua katika timu za taifa za Cameroon, akianza na timu ya U-17 mwaka [[2014]]. Mwaka 2017, alicheza katika timu ya U-20 ya Cameroon kwenye [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] la U-20 la 2017. Alianza katika mechi zote tatu na kucheza kila dakika ya hatua ya makundi ya mashindano hayo. Mbaizo alifunga bao katika mechi yake ya pili ya mashindano hayo, katika ushindi wa 4–1 dhidi ya [[Sudan]] tarehe 2 Machi 2017. == Heshima na mafanikio == Philadelphia Union * Supporters' Shield: [[2020]], [[2025]] * Mkutano wa Mashariki (MLS): [[2022]] * MLS Cup: mshindi wa pili, [[2022]] Cameroon * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: medali ya shaba, [[2021]] <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/mbaizo-olivier/08Tn3g3J/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe470757/</ref><ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=111749</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/65204/Olivier_Mbaizo.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Kameruni]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} gzzo3fbf1w8a58ox6wccqcd4efl3077 0 249035 1595669 2026-09-10T07:54:41Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Lens - Saint-Etienne (03-10-2020) 16 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Yvan Neyou]] '''Yvan Latour Neyou Noupa''' (alizaliwa [[3 Januari]] [[1997]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun]] ambaye hucheza kama kiungo katika klabu ya Volos ya Super League Greece, kwa mkopo kutoka Getafe, na pia ni mchezaji wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Kamerun. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == === Sedan na Laval === Neyou alianza maisha yake ya soka akiwa na Sedan katika Championnat National, ambapo uchezaji wake mzuri ulimfanya kuhusishwa na klabu ya [[Ubelgiji]] Standard Liège na mabingwa wa [[Ufaransa]] [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]. Hata hivyo, hatimaye alijiunga na klabu ya Laval ya Ligue 2 mwanzoni mwa [[mwaka]] [[2017]]. Alianza kucheza kwa mara ya kwanza dhidi ya Red Star tarehe [[10 Februari]] 2017, akiingia kama mbadala wa Romain Bayard. === Braga B === Neyou pia aliwahi kucheza katika Braga B, kipindi ambacho timu hiyo ilishushwa daraja kutoka LigaPro hadi Campeonato de Portugal. === Saint-Étienne === Tarehe [[10 Julai]] [[2020]], Neyou alijiunga na klabu ya Saint-Étienne ya Ligue 1 kwa mkopo wa mwaka mmoja ukiwa na chaguo la kumnunua. Alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza akiwa na klabu hiyo kama mchezaji wa akiba katika fainali ya Coupe de France ya 2020 dhidi ya Paris Saint-Germain, ambayo Paris Saint-Germain ilishinda kwa bao 1–0. Baada ya kufanya vizuri katika baadhi ya [[mechi]], Neyou alipewa [[mkataba]] wa kudumu na Saint-Étienne tarehe [[18 Novemba]] 2020. Alisaini mkataba uliokuwa ukidumu hadi mwaka [[2024]]. === Leganés === Tarehe [[31 Agosti]] 2022, Neyou alijiunga na klabu ya Leganés ya Segunda División kwa mkopo wa mwaka mmoja. Tarehe 1 Agosti [[2023]], alisaini mkataba wa kudumu wa miaka miwili na klabu hiyo. === Getafe === Neyou alijiunga na klabu ya Getafe ya [[La Liga]] akiwa mchezaji huru tarehe 1 Julai 2025, baada ya kusaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu. ==== Al-Okhdood (mkopo) ==== Tarehe [[31 Januari]] [[2026]], Neyou alijiunga na klabu ya Al-Okhdood ya Saudi Pro League kwa mkopo wa miezi sita. ==== Volos (mkopo) ==== Tarehe [[2 Septemba]] 2026, Neyou alijiunga na klabu ya Volos ya Super League Greece kwa mkopo wa mwaka mmoja. == Maisha ya soka ya kimataifa == Neyou ana [[uraia]] wa Kameruni na Ufaransa. Alianza kucheza katika timu ya taifa ya Kameruni kwa mara ya kwanza katika ushindi wa 1–0 wa kirafiki dhidi ya [[Nigeria]] tarehe 4 Juni 2021. == Heshima na mafanikio == Saint-Étienne * Coupe de France: mshindi wa pili, [[2019]]–20 Leganés * Segunda División: 2023–24 Kameruni * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: nafasi ya tatu, 2021 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170621083325/http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/neyou-noupa-yvan</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/neyou-noupa-yvan/SbettZSO/</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/yvan-neyou/194292</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe484307/</ref><ref>https://www.asse.fr/fr/actualites/yvan-neyou-stephanois-jusqu-en-2024--ac29326</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 7zjpr562rc8mlg87ktkmqmjk7eff35i 1 249036 1595671 2026-09-10T07:56:39Z Daniel Vivian kumburu 92254 /* Kuachishwa kazi kinyume Cha shelia kwenya kampuni ya jangx intanational economy company i */ mjadala mpya 1595671 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuachishwa kazi kinyume Cha shelia kwenya kampuni ya jangx intanational economy company i == NilIsimamiswa kazi tarehe Moja mwezi wa tisa baada ya kuomba wanitibie magoti yangu ambayo niliumia nikiwa kazin waligoma ilibid niandike barua ya kuomba likizo ili nikajitibu walisain lakin waligoma kutoa likizo ilibid niende idara ya kazi tabora kuomba msaada afisa kazi aliwapigia cm waliulizwa kuhusu Mimi daniel Vivian kumburu walikubali wananifajam kuhusu likizo walidai kampun haitoi likizo mwanashelia wao amewaambia waliulizwa anaehusiana na maswala ya kazi ni idara ya kaziwakati wanaanza kazi Kwa nini hawakupitia huko? Waliombwa wapeleke mikataba yetu hawakupeleka waliitwa mala mbili hawakwenda walivyoona ivyo waliamua kunifukuza kazi ikiwa swala letu lilikuwa Bado linaendelea hr akaniambia nifanye vyovyote kampun Ina Hela ilibid nilid idala ya kaZi tabora kuwajulisha nilicha ambiwa nifungue kesi c m a nikaomba chet kutoka idara ya kazi waliniambia hakuna haja ninaomba msaada na kapuni imeshawadukuza wafanyakazi wengi nahaki zao zimezulumiwa china jangx inahusika na ujenzi wa chuo Cha mwalim u Julius nyerere tabora itonjanda '''[[Mtumiaji:Daniel Vivian kumburu|Daniel Vivian kumburu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Daniel Vivian kumburu|majadiliano]])''' 07:56, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) dwnyq44u6t2syicmvo4lo1xq10u3mul 0 249037 1595674 2026-09-10T08:05:16Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Martin Hongla.jpg|thumb|Martin Hongla]] '''Martin Hongla Yma II''' (alizaliwa [[16 Machi]] [[1998]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun]] ambaye hucheza kama kiungo mkabaji au beki wa kati katika klabu ya Aris ya Super League Greece na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Kameruni. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == Alizaliwa Yaoundé, Hongla alijiunga na Granada CF [[mwaka]] [[2016]] akitokea Nkufo Sports Academy ya Blaise Nkufo. Mwanzoni alipelekwa katika kikosi cha akiba cha klabu hiyo kilichokuwa kikishiriki Segunda División B. Hongla alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza katika kiwango cha wakubwa tarehe [[21 Agosti]] 2016, akianza katika sare ya 1–1 ya nyumbani dhidi ya Atlético Mancha Real. Alianza kucheza katika kikosi cha kwanza na katika [[La Liga]] kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe [[28 Januari]] [[2017]], akicheza dakika zote 90 katika kipigo cha 2–0 dhidi ya Villarreal CF. Kabla ya msimu wa 2017–18, Hongla alipandishwa rasmi katika kikosi cha kwanza, ambacho wakati huo kilikuwa kinashiriki Segunda División. Tarehe 16 Januari [[2018]], alipelekwa kwa mkopo wa miezi sita katika klabu nyingine ya ligi hiyo, FC Barcelona B. Tarehe [[3 Julai]] [[2019]], baada ya kumaliza kipindi cha mkopo cha miezi sita katika FC Karpaty Lviv, Hongla alijiunga na Royal Antwerp FC ya Belgian First Division A. Tarehe 9 Julai [[2021]], alijiunga na klabu ya [[Italia]] ya Serie A, Hellas Verona, kwa mkopo uliokuwa na sharti la kumnunua kulingana na masharti yaliyowekwa. Tarehe 31 Januari [[2023]], Hongla alirejea [[Hispania]] na ligi yake ya juu baada ya kukubaliana kujiunga na Real Valladolid kwa mkopo wa miezi sita. Tarehe 12 Januari 2024, Hongla alirejea Granada. Inaripotiwa kuwa alisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitatu na nusu kwa ada ya uhamisho ya euro milioni 2.5. Tarehe 13 Januari [[2026]], Hongla alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Aris ya Super League Greece, ikiwa na kipengele cha lazima cha kumnunua. == Heshima na mafanikio == Antwerp * Kombe la Ubelgiji: 2019–20 Kameruni * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika, nafasi ya tatu: 2021 <ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/hongla-martin/lSKS5xcF/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe466792/</ref><ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=97070</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/80535/Martin_Hongla.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 4m5iwarsfhi0vdmsw6mcpwuldx3sr0j 0 249038 1595675 2026-09-10T08:18:35Z AlvinDulle 61179 marekebisho madogo madogo 1595675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan Vildo Marin''', akijulikana pia kama Vildo Marin (alizaliwa tarehe [[9 Machi]] [[1959]], katika Mji wa Corozal, Wilaya ya Corozal, [[Belize]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize na mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Muungano. <ref name="whoiswho">{{cite book |title=International Yearbook and Statesmen's Who's Who |date=1997 |publisher=Bowker-Saur; Routledge; Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=1857392205}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1959]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 4jvmsop6ejyg3fb5f1uuc9jc06k28y9 0 249039 1595676 2026-09-10T08:19:03Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Léandre Tawamba (2017).jpg|thumb|Léandre Tawamba]] '''Léandre Gaël Tawamba Kana''' (alizaliwa [[20 Desemba]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun]] ambaye hucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Mwanzoni mwa maisha yake ya soka, Tawamba alicheza kama beki wa kati na kiungo mkabaji, lakini baadaye alipokuwa [[Ulaya]] alibadilishwa na kuwa mshambuliaji. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == === Mwanzo wa maisha ya soka === Alizaliwa Yaoundé, Tawamba alikuwa mchezaji wa kawaida katika kikosi cha Aigle Royal Menoua cha Elite One ya Kameruni katika msimu wa [[2007]]–08. Baadaye alihamia Union Douala, ambako alicheza msimu wa [[2009]]–10. [[Mwaka]] [[2011]], Tawamba alirejea katika klabu yake ya zamani ya Aigle Royal Menoua, na kuwa nahodha wa timu hiyo iliyokuwa ikishiriki Elite Two ya nchi hiyo. === Afrika Kusini na Slovakia === Mwanzoni mwa mwaka [[2012]], Tawamba alihamia nje ya nchi kwenda [[Afrika Kusini]] na kujiunga na FC Cape Town. Alifunga bao moja katika nusu ya pili ya msimu wa 2011–12 National First Division. Mwezi [[Juni]] [[2012]], Tawamba alisafiri kwenda [[Slovakia]] na kufanya mazoezi na Slovan Bratislava na Ružomberok, kabla ya kurejea Afrika Kusini na kujiunga na klabu ya Mpumalanga Black Aces iliyokuwa ikishiriki National First Division. Hatimaye alihamishiwa katika klabu ya Slovakia ya Nitra mwanzoni mwa mwaka [[2013]]. Hadi mwisho wa msimu wa 2012–13, Tawamba alifunga mabao matatu katika mechi 14 za ligi. == Heshima na mafanikio == '''Partizan''' * Serbian SuperLiga: 2016–17 * Serbian Cup: 2016–17, 2017–18 '''Al-Taawoun''' * King's Cup: [[2019]] '''Binafsi''' * Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Saudi Pro League: Novemba 2018, Januari 2021 * Mfungaji Bora wa King's Cup: [[2020]]–21 <ref>https://www.camfoot.com/championnat/mtn-elite-one-cotonsport-freine8925,252839.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe308538/</ref><ref>https://www.b92.net/o/sport/fudbal/vesti?yyyy=2018&mm=07&dd=09&nav_id=1417091</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 3x5mhmtxnkv00s9s940vr3x8jbp40bt 0 249040 1595677 2026-09-10T08:21:48Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Marin''', anayejulikana pia kama Pablo Marin, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] akiwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la ghuba ya Corozal katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Belize tangu mwaka 2008. <ref name="2k08">[http://www.elections.gov.bz/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=87&lid=39 2008 General Elections Final Results ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016094937/http://www.elections.gov.bz/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=87&lid=39 |date=2014-10-16 }}, [[Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission]]. (accessed 3 December 2014)</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] so17jnvplrzicldi6947a6inlmao38v 1595678 1595677 2026-09-10T08:23:17Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Marin''', anayejulikana pia kama Pablo Marin, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] akiwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la ghuba ya Corozal katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Belize tangu mwaka 2008. <ref name="2k08">[http://www.elections.gov.bz/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=87&lid=39 2008 General Elections Final Results ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016094937/http://www.elections.gov.bz/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=87&lid=39 |date=2014-10-16 }}, Belize Elections and Boundaries Commission. (accessed 3 December 2014)</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 0k96bxbbdvgxt9xingw955ptninls2x 0 249041 1595679 2026-09-10T08:27:22Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony "Boots" Martinez''' (alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize, akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Demokrasia ya Muungano, Martinez alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Belize]] kutoka jimbo la uchaguzi la Port Loyola lililopo Kusini mwa mji wa Belize mwaka 2003, baada ya kampeni iliyokosa mafanikio ya mwaka 1998. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1963]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] e574vjfwawbpmxlg8uv4jqa4sg3ohmn 1595680 1595679 2026-09-10T08:28:03Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony "Boots" Martinez''' (alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize, akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Demokrasia ya Muungano, Martinez alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Belize]] kutoka jimbo la uchaguzi la Port Loyola lililopo Kusini mwa mji wa Belize mwaka 2003, baada ya kampeni iliyokosa mafanikio ya mwaka 1998.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070612233607/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/belize.html World leaders Belize] from CIA factbook</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1963]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] p1jpzkc48fe6wqlj4ehlukayqozxkme 0 249042 1595681 2026-09-10T08:29:06Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anatole Abang 2015.JPG|thumb|Anatole Abang]] '''Anatole Bertrand Abang''' (alizaliwa [[6 Julai]] [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun]] ambaye hucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya Al-Ittihad. == Maisha ya awali == Abang alizaliwa Yaoundé, na alianza maisha yake ya soka katika klabu ya eneo hilo, AS Fortuna de Yaounde. Baadaye, haki zake za usajili zilinunuliwa na Rainbow Bamenda. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == === New York Red Bulls === Mwanzoni mwa [[mwaka]] [[2015]], Abang alifanya majaribio katika klabu ya New York Red Bulls ya Major League Soccer. Abang alivutia wakati wa maandalizi ya msimu wa 2015, na tarehe [[5 Machi]] 2015, Red Bulls ilitangaza kuwa ilikuwa imekamilisha uhamisho wa Abang kutoka Rainbow FC. Abang alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa akiwa na New York tarehe [[8 Machi]] 2015, alipoingia kipindi cha pili kama mchezaji wa akiba katika sare ya 1–1 ugenini dhidi ya Sporting Kansas City. == Maisha ya soka ya kimataifa == Abang ameiwakilisha Kamerun katika kiwango cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya vijana chini ya [[miaka]] 17, ambapo alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza na kikosi hicho mwaka [[2012]]. Pia ni sehemu ya kikosi cha wachezaji wa Kamerun chini ya miaka 20. Tarehe 10 Machi [[2016]], Abang aliitwa katika kikosi cha wakubwa cha Kamerun kwa ajili ya mechi ya kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] dhidi ya [[Afrika Kusini]]. == Heshima na mafanikio == New York Red Bulls * MLS Supporters' Shield (2): 2015, [[2018]] <ref>https://www.newyorkredbulls.com/players/anatole-abang/</ref><ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/63709/Anatole_Abang.html</ref><ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/abang-anatole/00wvF9R0/</ref><ref>https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/players/4589/anatole-bertrand-abang.htm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} ozjaogesihm0p3hulzilflaoi0nlyk7 0 249043 1595682 2026-09-10T08:34:14Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Eden Martinez''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Demokrasia ya Muungano. Alihudumu muhula mmoja kama mwawilishi wa eneo katika Baraza la wawakilishi kutoka jimbo la uchaguzi la Toledo Mashariki tangu mwaka [[2008]] hadi [[2012]]. <ref name="2k08">[http://www.elections.gov.bz/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=87&lid=39 2008 General Elections Final Results ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016094937/http://www.elections.gov.bz/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=87&lid=39 |date=2014-10-16 }},Tume ya Uchaguzi na Mipaka ya Belize. (accessed 19 November 2014)</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] ba64l1ckenra5432hmdwq2ttamytsqp 0 249044 1595683 2026-09-10T08:38:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Julien Sasso''' (alizaliwa [[16 Februari]] [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Ufaransa]] ambaye hucheza kama beki wa kati katika klabu ya Le Havre ya [[Ligue 1]]. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == Sasso alizaliwa Saint-Cloud, [[Paris]]. Tarehe [[18 Juni]] [[2008]], alisaini [[mkataba]] wake wa kwanza wa kulipwa na FC Nantes. Alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa tarehe [[31 Julai]] [[2010]] katika mchezo wa raundi ya kwanza ya Coupe de la Ligue, ambapo timu yake ilifungwa kwa mikwaju ya [[penalti]] 4–2 ugenini dhidi ya US Boulogne. Baadaye alitumia misimu miwili katika kikosi cha kwanza katika Ligue 2, akicheza mechi 20 na kusaidia timu kumaliza katika nafasi ya 13 msimu wa [[2010]]–11. Katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka 2012, Sasso alijiunga na S.C. Beira-Mar ya [[Ureno]] kwa mkataba wa miaka mitatu. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza kwa klabu hiyo ya Aveiro tarehe 6 Oktoba, akiifungia timu yake bao la kuongoza katika mchezo ambao hatimaye walifungwa 2–1 ugenini dhidi ya S.L. Benfica. Timu yake ilishuka daraja mwishoni mwa msimu huo, lakini Sasso alikuwa tayari ameondoka mwishoni mwa Januari [[2013]] na kujiunga na klabu nyingine ya Primeira Liga, S.C. Braga, kwa mkataba hadi Juni 2017. Tarehe [[30 Juni]] 2015, Sasso alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Sheffield Wednesday ya Championship ya [[Uingereza]] kwa msimu mzima. Baada ya kucheza mechi 18 pekee katika mashindano yote, aliondoka. == Heshima na mafanikio == Braga * Taça da Liga: 2012–13 <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110325231027/http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/sasso-vincent</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/vincent-sasso/219690</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210427045926/https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player=199102160005&language=2</ref><ref>https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=66656</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} n0bdild8kjme7go90lgyf0pby2yx62i 0 249045 1595684 2026-09-10T08:39:51Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Martinez''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] aliyekuwa Waziri wa Kazi, Serikali za mitaa na maendeleo ya vijijini nchini Belize. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet |date=12 February 2008 |publisher=CANA News |accessdate=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |archivedate=February 27, 2009}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 88xwd1ge1icydun2g301rwynx4r0aia 1595685 1595684 2026-09-10T08:42:23Z AlvinDulle 61179 1595685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriel Martinez''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] aliyekuwa Waziri wa kazi, Serikali za mitaa na maendeleo ya vijijini nchini Belize. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet |date=12 February 2008 |publisher=CANA News |accessdate=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html |archivedate=February 27, 2009}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] d44l2l2eodgkbuomr5qn551ifbs2mju 0 249046 1595686 2026-09-10T08:49:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595686 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jacques Zoua 2013.jpg|thumb|Jacques Zoua 2013]] '''Jacques Zoua Daogari''' (alizaliwa [[6 Septemba]] [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun]] ambaye hucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == === Cotonsport Garoua === Tarehe [[22 Septemba]] [[2008]], Zoua alisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka miwili na Cotonsport Garoua. === Basel === Baada ya kufanya vizuri katika mchezo wa majaribio tarehe [[31 Machi]] [[2009]], Zoua alihamia na kusaini mkataba na FC Basel ya [[Uswisi]] katika siku yake ya kuzaliwa ya kutimiza miaka 18. Alijiunga na kikosi cha kwanza cha Basel kwa msimu wa 2009–10 chini ya kocha mkuu Thorsten Fink. Alijumuishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kikosi cha kwanza mwezi [[Novemba]] 2009 na kucheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa klabu hiyo dhidi ya wapinzani wao FC Zürich katika Swiss Cup tarehe 20 Novemba. Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kama mchezaji wa kikosi cha kwanza tarehe [[15 Machi]] 2010 dhidi ya FC Luzern. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza katika [[ligi]] akiwa na klabu hiyo tarehe 24 Machi 2010 katika ushindi wa 4–1 wa nyumbani dhidi ya FC Zürich. == Maisha ya soka ya kimataifa == Zoua pia alikuwa mchezaji wa kudumu katika vikosi vya vijana vya Kamerun. Alishiriki katika 2009 Mashindano ya Afrika ya Vijana, ambapo alifunga mabao matatu, lakini Kamerun ilipoteza katika [[fainali]] dhidi ya [[Ghana]] kwa mabao 2–0. Pia alicheza katika kikosi cha timu hiyo kwenye 2009 [[FIFA]] U-20 World Cup, lakini timu yake ilimaliza katika nafasi ya mwisho katika Kundi C. == Heshima na mafanikio == Basel * Swiss Super League: 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13 * Swiss Cup: 2009–10, 2011–12 * Uhrencup: 2011 Astra Giurgiu * Mshindi wa pili wa Cupa României: [[2018]]–19 Kameruni * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: 2017 <ref>https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/players/4762/</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe164479/</ref><ref>https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/spieler?command=detail&id=6655</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} st0szwmw2s06zahvmskvpq9cbzns7v6 0 249047 1595689 2026-09-10T09:00:10Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pierre Bernard Papillaud''' ( [[1 Julai]] [[1935]] – [[13 Juni]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Bacqué |first1=Raphaëlle |last2=Schneider |first2=Vanessa |date=17 July 2022 |title=Jérôme Seydoux, le patriarche de Pathé qui n’imagine personne lui succéder |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2022/07/17/jerome-seydoux-le-patriarche-de-pathe-qui-n-imagine-personne-l...' 1595689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Bernard Papillaud''' ( [[1 Julai]] [[1935]] – [[13 Juni]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Bacqué |first1=Raphaëlle |last2=Schneider |first2=Vanessa |date=17 July 2022 |title=Jérôme Seydoux, le patriarche de Pathé qui n’imagine personne lui succéder |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2022/07/17/jerome-seydoux-le-patriarche-de-pathe-qui-n-imagine-personne-lui-succeder_6135129_3451060.html |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=16 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=4 February 1996 |title=Jérôme Seydoux, un esthète des affaires |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1996/02/04/jerome-seydoux-un-esthete-des-affaires_3700793_1819218.html |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=16 July 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Pierre Papillaud alizaliwa Vignonet, kijiji kidogo huko [[Gironde]]. Bibi yake alimiliki ng'ombe wawili. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] baba yake, ambaye alihudumu kama afisa katika Jeshi la Ufaransa, alikamatwa na Wanazi huko [[Ubelgiji]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal de la marine marchande |volume=62 |year=1980 |issn=0762-3151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLAiAQAAMAAJ |language=fr |access-date=16 July 2025 |page=227}}</ref><ref name="Lyon Capitale">{{Cite web |last=Brikh |first=Razik |date=25 December 2008 |title=Jérôme Seydoux : "L'OL gagnera la Ligue des Champions" |url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/sport/jerome-seydoux-l-ol-gagnera-la-ligue-des-champions |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=[[Lyon Capitale]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Bacqué |first=Raphaëlle |date=25 October 2013 |title=Le clan des Seydoux |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2013/10/25/les-freres-seydoux-histoire-d-un-clan_3502711_3246.html |access-date=16 July 2025 |work=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Kazi == Papillaud alimiliki asilimia 51 ya Alma Group, ambayo inauza maji ya madini chini ya chapa za Cristaline, MontBlanc, Saint-Yorre, Rozana, Chateldon na Vichy Célestins. Mwaka 2008, aliuza asilimia 49 nyingine kwa Otsuka Pharmaceutical ya [[Japani]] kwa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.2.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 1975 |title=People and Business |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/27/archives/people-and-business-spence-named-conrail-president.html |access-date=16 July 2025 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kulingana na [[Forbes]], alikadiriwa kuwa na utajiri wa dola za Marekani bilioni 1.31 kufikia 2016. Alikuwa mtu wa 67 tajiri zaidi nchini Ufaransa (2016). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] 1ks7pogh6364baqfcibxp4mnkseqbfd 0 249048 1595690 2026-09-10T09:01:02Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1595690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Cameroon-Australia (12).jpg|thumb|Cameroon Australia]] '''Benjamin Moukandjo Bilé''' (alizaliwa [[12 Novemba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kamerun]] ambaye hucheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. == Maisha ya soka katika vilabu == Moukandjo alianza maisha yake ya soka katika Kadji Sports Academy ya nyumbani kwao, alipojiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa klabu hiyo mwaka [[1998]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 10. Miaka tisa baadaye alihamia [[Ufaransa]] na kujiunga na Rennes. Mwezi [[Septemba]] [[2008]], baada ya kucheza mechi za kikosi cha akiba cha Rennes pekee, alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika L'Entente SSG. Moukandjo alirejea Rennes mwezi [[Juni]] 2009, lakini alivunja [[mkataba]] wake na kujiunga na Nîmes tarehe [[31 Agosti]] 2009. Alikuwa mchezaji wa mara kwa mara katika timu hiyo iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligue 2. Baadaye alihamia Monaco tarehe [[31 Januari]] [[2011]]. Mwezi Mei 2011, baada ya Monaco kushuka daraja hadi Ligue 2, Moukandjo alihusishwa na uwezekano wa kujiunga na [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. Alijiunga na Nancy tarehe 12 Agosti 2011 kwa kusaini mkataba wa misimu mitatu. Tarehe 18 Julai 2014, Moukandjo alihamia klabu ya Reims ya Ligue 1 kwa mkataba wa miaka miwili. Tarehe 5 Agosti [[2015]], Moukandjo alijiunga na Lorient, ambayo pia ilikuwa ikishiriki Ligue 1. Tarehe 8 Aprili [[2017]], alifunga mabao mawili kati ya mabao ya Lorient na kutoa pasi ya mwisho kwa Sylvain Marveaux katika ushindi wa 4–1 wa ugenini wa ligi dhidi ya Lyon. == Maisha ya soka ya kimataifa == Tarehe 4 Juni 2011, Moukandjo alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika [[timu ya taifa]] ya Kamerun, akianza katika sare ya 0–0 dhidi ya [[Senegal]] katika mechi ya kufuzu kwa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] 2012. Alifunga bao lake la kwanza la kimataifa tarehe 16 Juni mwaka uliofuata, likiwa bao la ushindi dhidi ya [[Gine Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]]. == Heshima na mafanikio == Kameruni * Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika: 2017 <ref>https://www.stade-rennais-online.com/Benjamin-Moukandjo.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110520085710/http://www.ligue1.com/joueur/moukandjo-bile-benjamin</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/benjamin-moukandjo/219040</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 0l672vu5aucfdmj2nhuyxd3slk4mgm5 0 249049 1595691 2026-09-10T09:01:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tracey Moore''' ([[17 Januari]], [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti, televisheni na filamu wa [[Kanada]], pamoja na mkurugenzi wa sauti. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutoa sauti ya Princess Peach|Princess Toadstool katika ''The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3'' na ''Super Mario World'', na sauti ya uimbaji ya Strawberry Shortcake katika ''Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures''.<ref>Barbara Crook, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73884360/ "62 shows...' 1595691 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tracey Moore''' ([[17 Januari]], [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti, televisheni na filamu wa [[Kanada]], pamoja na mkurugenzi wa sauti. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutoa sauti ya Princess Peach|Princess Toadstool katika ''The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3'' na ''Super Mario World'', na sauti ya uimbaji ya Strawberry Shortcake katika ''Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures''.<ref>Barbara Crook, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73884360/ "62 shows in 62 days keep Anne busy"]. ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', October 27, 1986.</ref> <ref>Fred Haeseker, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73885501/ "Defy Gravity believable tale"]. ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', April 6, 1992.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] lcwg14qx5qkbdazoahhovlrqriwtip2 1595701 1595691 2026-09-10T09:34:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tracey Moore''' (alizaliwa [[17 Januari]] [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti, televisheni na filamu, pamoja na mkurugenzi wa sauti wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kutoa sauti ya Princess Peach|Princess Toadstool katika ''The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3'' na ''Super Mario World'', na sauti ya uimbaji ya Strawberry Shortcake katika ''Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures''.<ref>Barbara Crook, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73884360/ "62 shows in 62 days keep Anne busy"]. ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'', October 27, 1986.</ref> <ref>Fred Haeseker, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73885501/ "Defy Gravity believable tale"]. ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', April 6, 1992.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1960|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 38lthwu7ko0wjuv1x3555zazxqf4p4f 0 249050 1595692 2026-09-10T09:10:03Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tara Beagan''' ([[20 Desemba]], [[1975]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia na [[mwigizaji]] wa Nlakaʼpamux kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Kanada]],<ref name=cte>Anne Nothof, [https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Beagan%2C%20Tara "Beagan, Tara"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', May 24, 2022.</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mshindi wa Siminovitch Prize in Theatre mwaka 2020.<ref>Robyn Grant-Moran, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/thea...' 1595692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tara Beagan''' ([[20 Desemba]], [[1975]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia na [[mwigizaji]] wa Nlakaʼpamux kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Kanada]],<ref name=cte>Anne Nothof, [https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Beagan%2C%20Tara "Beagan, Tara"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', May 24, 2022.</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mshindi wa Siminovitch Prize in Theatre mwaka 2020.<ref>Robyn Grant-Moran, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/theatre-and-performance/article-playwright-tara-beagan-wins-100000-theatre-prize/ "Playwright Tara Beagan wins $100,000 Siminovitch Prize for theatre"]. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', November 26, 2020.</ref> Alishinda Dora Mavor Moore Award katika kipengele cha Tamthilia Mpya Bora, Ukumbi wa Michezo Huru mwaka 2005 kwa ''Thy Neighbour's Wife'',<ref>[[J. Kelly Nestruck]], "Urinetown is No. 1 at Doras: Outdoes Hairspray". ''[[National Post]]'', June 28, 2005.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] op3pdd8oaybklh4jjhxqyky6mvf81ux 1595702 1595692 2026-09-10T09:38:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tara Beagan''' (alizaliwa [[20 Desemba]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[tamthilia]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa Nlakaʼpamux kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], [[Kanada]],<ref name=cte>Anne Nothof, [https://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Beagan%2C%20Tara "Beagan, Tara"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', May 24, 2022.</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mshindi wa Siminovitch Prize in Theatre mwaka 2020.<ref>Robyn Grant-Moran, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/theatre-and-performance/article-playwright-tara-beagan-wins-100000-theatre-prize/ "Playwright Tara Beagan wins $100,000 Siminovitch Prize for theatre"]. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', November 26, 2020.</ref> Alishinda Dora Mavor Moore Award katika kipengele cha Tamthilia Mpya Bora, Ukumbi wa Michezo Huru mwaka 2005 kwa ''Thy Neighbour's Wife'',<ref>[[J. Kelly Nestruck]], "Urinetown is No. 1 at Doras: Outdoes Hairspray". ''[[National Post]]'', June 28, 2005.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 41fhi233qnqocfwip4b6p5wrk0jpi5r 0 249051 1595693 2026-09-10T09:18:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Priya Banerjee''' ([[16 Aprili]], [[1992]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title=Prateik Babbar wishes GF Priya Banerjee on her birthday, shares romantic photos with his 'best friend' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/prateik-babbar-priya-banerjee-2361008-2023-04-17 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika tasnia za filamu za [[India]]. Ameigi...' 1595693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priya Banerjee''' ([[16 Aprili]], [[1992]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title=Prateik Babbar wishes GF Priya Banerjee on her birthday, shares romantic photos with his 'best friend' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/prateik-babbar-priya-banerjee-2361008-2023-04-17 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika tasnia za filamu za [[India]]. Ameigiza katika filamu za [[Hindi]] na Telugu language|Kitelugu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-priya-banerjee-i-am-nervous-about-kiss/20130912.htm |title=Priya Banerjee: I am nervous about KISS |website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/From-Canada-to-Tollywood-Priya-Banerjee/articleshow/20310863.cms |title=From Canada to Tollywood: Priya Banerjee - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="tolly">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-actresses-go-international/articleshow/30955059.cms |title=Tollywood actresses go international - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Banerjee alizaliwa nchini Kanada na wazazi wenye asili ya Kibengali cha India, na alilelewa nchini Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/nothing-films-1920832 |title=Nothing but films |website=Deccan Herald |date=17 February 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] sr10tlje55f36nlkdcnohqt9psp9mtm 1595703 1595693 2026-09-10T09:40:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priya Banerjee''' (alizaliwa [[16 Aprili]] [[1992]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title=Prateik Babbar wishes GF Priya Banerjee on her birthday, shares romantic photos with his 'best friend' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/prateik-babbar-priya-banerjee-2361008-2023-04-17 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi hasa katika tasnia za filamu za [[India]]. Ameigiza katika filamu za [[Kihindi]] na [[Kitelugu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-priya-banerjee-i-am-nervous-about-kiss/20130912.htm |title=Priya Banerjee: I am nervous about KISS |website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/From-Canada-to-Tollywood-Priya-Banerjee/articleshow/20310863.cms |title=From Canada to Tollywood: Priya Banerjee - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="tolly">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-actresses-go-international/articleshow/30955059.cms |title=Tollywood actresses go international - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Banerjee alizaliwa nchini Kanada na wazazi wenye asili ya [[Bengal Magharibi|Bengala]], India, na alilelewa nchini Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/nothing-films-1920832 |title=Nothing but films |website=Deccan Herald |date=17 February 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] jm950tgbpgy1rsb4m3ab2nk3n0xl9we 0 249052 1595694 2026-09-10T09:25:09Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Clare McConnell''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]],<ref name=roe>Jon Roe, "McConnell rising through the ranks at Second City". ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', October 12, 2019.</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake za mara kwa mara kama Dennas katika ''Star Trek: Discovery'' <ref>Eric Volmers, "The Quiet Klingon; Calgary's McConnell nabs Star Trek role, but had to keep it on down low"]. ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', September 23, 20...' 1595694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clare McConnell''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]],<ref name=roe>Jon Roe, "McConnell rising through the ranks at Second City". ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', October 12, 2019.</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake za mara kwa mara kama Dennas katika ''Star Trek: Discovery'' <ref>Eric Volmers, "The Quiet Klingon; Calgary's McConnell nabs Star Trek role, but had to keep it on down low"]. ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', September 23, 2017.</ref> na Effie Newsome Crabtree katika ''Murdoch Mysteries''. Ni mhitimu wa kampuni ya Toronto ya The Second City,<ref>Carly Maga, "Retro revue doesn't let audience off the hook". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', October 13, 2019.</ref><ref>Eric Volmers, [https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/calgarians-expats-earn-canadian-screen-award-nominations "Calgarians, expats earn Canadian Screen Award nominations"]. ''[[Calgary Herald]]'', February 22, 2023.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 8552zp3zr8nsrfz43m4zb9m8dbp4lqg 0 249053 1595696 2026-09-10T09:29:54Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michelle Morgan''' ([[16 Julai]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mtayarishaji na mkurugenzi wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Lou Fleming katika mfululizo wa CBC Television|CBC / Up TV ''Heartland''. ==Maisha binafsi== Michelle Morgan alizaliwa Calgary na alikulia [[Toronto]] na [[Vancouver]]. Baada ya kusomea Tamthilia na Fasihi ya Klasiki katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, aliendelea na kazi katika tamthilia na filamu.<ref>{{Cite web|la...' 1595696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Morgan''' ([[16 Julai]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mtayarishaji na mkurugenzi wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Lou Fleming katika mfululizo wa CBC Television|CBC / Up TV ''Heartland''. ==Maisha binafsi== Michelle Morgan alizaliwa Calgary na alikulia [[Toronto]] na [[Vancouver]]. Baada ya kusomea Tamthilia na Fasihi ya Klasiki katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, aliendelea na kazi katika tamthilia na filamu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Szathmary|first=Henrietta|date=2021-02-22|title=8 Things You Didn't Know About Michelle Morgan, Lou Fleming from Heartland|url=https://horseyhooves.com/lou-fleming-heartland/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Horsey Hooves|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=On the Same Page: Back in the Saddle with Heartland's Michelle Morgan|url=http://www.parentscanada.com/family-life/on-the-same-page-back-in-the-saddle-with-heartlands-michelle-morgan|website=parentscanada.com|accessdate=October 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://michellemorgan.net/home.php | title = Michelle Morgan | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120303112646/http://michellemorgan.net/home.php | archive-date = March 3, 2012 | url-status = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.cbc.ca/heartland/blog/its-monday-november-4-four-things-you-should-know | title = It's Monday, November 4 – Four things you should know | website = Heartland | publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | date = November 4, 2013 | access-date = August 21, 2019}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] p4qj8ue8jk369eyo747oy0xjco3zhod 1595706 1595696 2026-09-10T09:41:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Morgan''' (alizaliwa [[16 Julai]] [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mtayarishaji na mkurugenzi wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Lou Fleming katika mfululizo wa CBC Television|CBC / Up TV ''Heartland''. ==Maisha binafsi== Michelle Morgan alizaliwa Calgary na alikulia [[Toronto]] na [[Vancouver]]. Baada ya kusomea Tamthilia na Fasihi ya Klasiki katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, aliendelea na kazi katika tamthilia na filamu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Szathmary|first=Henrietta|date=2021-02-22|title=8 Things You Didn't Know About Michelle Morgan, Lou Fleming from Heartland|url=https://horseyhooves.com/lou-fleming-heartland/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Horsey Hooves|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=On the Same Page: Back in the Saddle with Heartland's Michelle Morgan|url=http://www.parentscanada.com/family-life/on-the-same-page-back-in-the-saddle-with-heartlands-michelle-morgan|website=parentscanada.com|accessdate=October 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://michellemorgan.net/home.php | title = Michelle Morgan | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120303112646/http://michellemorgan.net/home.php | archive-date = March 3, 2012 | url-status = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.cbc.ca/heartland/blog/its-monday-november-4-four-things-you-should-know | title = It's Monday, November 4 – Four things you should know | website = Heartland | publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation | date = November 4, 2013 | access-date = August 21, 2019}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 78m5fwj23kuvjaa305psz7b7mcbs2qb 0 249054 1595699 2026-09-10T09:32:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Zulfiqar Ali (Mchezaji wa kriketi wa Kenya)]] hadi [[Zulfiqar Ali (mwanakriketi wa Kenya)]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1595699 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Zulfiqar Ali (mwanakriketi wa Kenya)]] 2x2flbd7nlkgn1l8m4wghij9qfp6wpw 0 249055 1595700 2026-09-10T09:34:17Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julie Marie Nolke''' ni [[mchekeshaji]], [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na YouTuber wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mfululizo wake wa vichekesho wa YouTube ''Explaining the Pandemic to my Past Self''. ==Kazi== Nolke alianza chaneli yake ya YouTube ''Feeling Peckish'' mwezi Mei 2015 kama burudani pamoja na mpenzi wake Sam, ambapo alipakia video za upishi.<ref name="Harwell 2016">{{cite news |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |title=Why you can now quit your...' 1595700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julie Marie Nolke''' ni [[mchekeshaji]], [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na YouTuber wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mfululizo wake wa vichekesho wa YouTube ''Explaining the Pandemic to my Past Self''. ==Kazi== Nolke alianza chaneli yake ya YouTube ''Feeling Peckish'' mwezi Mei 2015 kama burudani pamoja na mpenzi wake Sam, ambapo alipakia video za upishi.<ref name="Harwell 2016">{{cite news |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |title=Why you can now quit your job to make Snapchat videos |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/how-video-conquered-the-web/2016/08/14/21f13bf4-49e5-11e6-bdb9-701687974517_story.html |access-date=April 25, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pierson |first1=David |title=As the online video world grows, content creators must cast a wide net |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tastemade-20151025-story.html |access-date=April 26, 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 24, 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wachekeshaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] kahf77y65v9jys2hp9vfti48fvb519a 1595707 1595700 2026-09-10T09:42:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1595707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julie Marie Nolke''' ni [[mchekeshaji]], [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na YouTuber wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mfululizo wake wa vichekesho wa YouTube ''Explaining the Pandemic to my Past Self''. ==Kazi== Nolke alianza chaneli yake ya YouTube ''Feeling Peckish'' mwezi Mei 2015 kama burudani pamoja na mpenzi wake Sam, ambapo alipakia video za upishi.<ref name="Harwell 2016">{{cite news |last1=Harwell |first1=Drew |title=Why you can now quit your job to make Snapchat videos |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/how-video-conquered-the-web/2016/08/14/21f13bf4-49e5-11e6-bdb9-701687974517_story.html |access-date=April 25, 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 14, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pierson |first1=David |title=As the online video world grows, content creators must cast a wide net |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tastemade-20151025-story.html |access-date=April 26, 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 24, 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wachekeshaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 24wqn7rysfbjsfb3mqr1o61akh86fos 0 249056 1595704 2026-09-10T09:40:40Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcial Mes''' ([[1949]] – [[26 Mei]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] na mwanachama wa chama cha umoja wa wananchi. Alichaguliwa kujiunga na bunge mnamo mwaka 1998, akiwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Toledo Magharibi.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DQoWAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Marcial+Mes%22+belize&dq=%22Marcial+Mes%22+belize&cd=1 Clements' encyclopedia of world governments] John Clements - 2005 - Page 60</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1949]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2014]] q5ttglgh12140fm9bxfktpk9m4v34tz 0 249057 1595705 2026-09-10T09:40:58Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Melissa O'Neil''' ([[12 Julai]], [[1988]])<ref name="Playbill - Vault">{{cite web |title=Melissa O'Neil |url=https://www.playbill.com/person/melissa-oneil-vault-0000122112 |website=Playbill}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]] - [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Mwaka 2005, O'Neil alishinda msimu wa tatu wa ''Canadian Idol''. Kama mwigizaji, anajulikana kwa nafasi zake kama Rebecca, Two, na Portia Lin katika mfululizo wa kisayansi wa kubuni wa Kan...' 1595705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melissa O'Neil''' ([[12 Julai]], [[1988]])<ref name="Playbill - Vault">{{cite web |title=Melissa O'Neil |url=https://www.playbill.com/person/melissa-oneil-vault-0000122112 |website=Playbill}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]] - [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Mwaka 2005, O'Neil alishinda msimu wa tatu wa ''Canadian Idol''. Kama mwigizaji, anajulikana kwa nafasi zake kama Rebecca, Two, na Portia Lin katika mfululizo wa kisayansi wa kubuni wa Kanada ''Dark Matter (2015 TV series)'', na kama Afisa Lucy Chen katika mfululizo wa drama ya taratibu za polisi wa Marekani ''The Rookie''. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Melissa O'Neil alizaliwa [[Calgary, Alberta]], na mama mwenye asili ya [[Kichina]] - Kanada kutoka [[Hong Kong]]<ref>{{cite web |title=ABC Celebrates #AANHPIHeritageMonth with The Rookie's Melissa O'Neil |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge7X-SkEwlo |website=YouTube |publisher=ABC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520204434/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge7X-SkEwlo |archive-date=20 May 2022 |date=20 May 2022 }} Melissa O'Neil: "I am a Chinese-Canadian...", Alison Young: "Hi, my name is Alison Yeung, and I'm from Hong Kong, and I'm a Chinese-Canadian."</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1988|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] lzp202qzkw7ubqf6kjvo1nny9kl18iv 0 249058 1595708 2026-09-10T09:42:57Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rene Jaime Montero''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] anayewakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Cayo kati katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Belize. Alikuwa Waziri wa Kilimo, Uvuvi na Vyama vya ushirika nchini Belize tangu mwaka 2008 hadi 2012. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet|date=12 February 2008|publisher=CANA News|accessdate=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|archivedate=27 February 2009}}</ref><ref name=SanPedroSun2009>{{cite news|title=Minister Rene Montero in the middle of land controversy|url=http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/09-482.html|accessdate=1 April 2013|newspaper=San Pedro Sun|date=17 December 2009|archive-date=5 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705042339/http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/09-482.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] njjnz01nlo4bhrz7281gml8iqvesvsx 1595709 1595708 2026-09-10T09:43:35Z AlvinDulle 61179 marekebisho madogo madogo 1595709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rene Jaime Montero''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] anayewakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Cayo katikati katika Baraza la wawakilishi la Belize. Montero alikuwa Waziri wa Kilimo, Uvuvi na Vyama vya ushirika nchini Belize tangu mwaka 2008 hadi 2012. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet|date=12 February 2008|publisher=CANA News|accessdate=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227102121/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|archivedate=27 February 2009}}</ref><ref name=SanPedroSun2009>{{cite news|title=Minister Rene Montero in the middle of land controversy|url=http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/09-482.html|accessdate=1 April 2013|newspaper=San Pedro Sun|date=17 December 2009|archive-date=5 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705042339/http://www.sanpedrosun.com/old/09-482.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 3eqpvstxdbrm70x8pa8ennp5be5w9fj 0 249059 1595710 2026-09-10T09:45:24Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Valerie Pearson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref name=savagery>Liz Nicholls, "Savagery in the urban maze; Actress plays five not-so-nice people in Lion in the Streets". ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', March 26, 1992.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 1991 ''Solitaire (1991 film)'', ambapo alipokea uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 13th Genie Awards mwak...' 1595710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valerie Pearson''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref name=savagery>Liz Nicholls, "Savagery in the urban maze; Actress plays five not-so-nice people in Lion in the Streets". ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', March 26, 1992.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka 1991 ''Solitaire (1991 film)'', ambapo alipokea uteuzi wa Genie Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika 13th Genie Awards mwaka 1992.<ref>Craig MacInnis, "Naked Lunch tops the Genie nominations". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', October 14, 1992.</ref> ==Kazi== Pearson amehusishwa zaidi na nafasi za jukwaani huko Calgary na [[Edmonton]], zikiwemo kazi za uzalishaji wa ''Welcome to Theatre Fabulous!'' ya Edward Connell,<ref>Liz Nicholls, "Ruefully frantic musical scores with little-theatre headaches". ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', April 22, 1989.</ref><ref>Liz Nicholls, "Our Town wears its years lightly; Citadel production resonates between the tiny and the infinite". ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', November 7, 1993.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] a45ysio3h1c6gyecpxzfji89b90op41 0 249060 1595711 2026-09-10T09:46:17Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tracy Taegar Panton''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]], akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Demokrasia ya Muungano, amewakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Albert katika Baraza la wawakilishi la Belize tangu mwaka 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Representatives Belize |url=https://www.nationalassembly.gov.bz/house-of-representatives/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |website=National Assembly of Belize |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-10-11 |archive-url= }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 3guxw9qgytph3563h0aq1gk45adpez7 0 249061 1595713 2026-09-10T09:47:47Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marco Pech''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] anayewakilisha chama cha Demokrasia ya Muungano. Mnamo mwaka 2010, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Nchi wa Maliasili. <ref name="Humes 2010">{{cite news|last=Humes|first=Aaron|title=PM Barrow announces Cabinet reshuffle|url=http://www.amandala.com.bz/index.php?id=9914|accessdate=12 December 2010|newspaper=Amandala Online|date=4 June 2010}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] osbr6nbajv0t7iwai22m4qgqrpnv5e1 3 249062 1595714 2026-09-10T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595714 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t93vbcw5iesvuvmvtawxo698s5c2l9d 3 249063 1595715 2026-09-10T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595715 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t93vbcw5iesvuvmvtawxo698s5c2l9d 3 249064 1595716 2026-09-10T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595716 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t93vbcw5iesvuvmvtawxo698s5c2l9d 3 249065 1595717 2026-09-10T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595717 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t93vbcw5iesvuvmvtawxo698s5c2l9d 3 249066 1595719 2026-09-10T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595719 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) t93vbcw5iesvuvmvtawxo698s5c2l9d 3 249067 1595720 2026-09-10T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595720 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) rmz8lvrj4husbzmfgqnwmayno3oxu8w 3 249068 1595721 2026-09-10T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595721 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) rmz8lvrj4husbzmfgqnwmayno3oxu8w 3 249069 1595722 2026-09-10T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595722 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) rmz8lvrj4husbzmfgqnwmayno3oxu8w 3 249070 1595723 2026-09-10T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595723 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) rmz8lvrj4husbzmfgqnwmayno3oxu8w 3 249071 1595724 2026-09-10T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595724 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) rmz8lvrj4husbzmfgqnwmayno3oxu8w 3 249072 1595725 2026-09-10T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595725 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) rmz8lvrj4husbzmfgqnwmayno3oxu8w 3 249073 1595726 2026-09-10T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595726 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 7d1j7e74gl3ylk8ga9ch0tzyj4v6nbn 3 249074 1595727 2026-09-10T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595727 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 7d1j7e74gl3ylk8ga9ch0tzyj4v6nbn 3 249075 1595728 2026-09-10T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1595728 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 10 Septemba 2026 (UTC) 7d1j7e74gl3ylk8ga9ch0tzyj4v6nbn 0 249076 1595729 2026-09-10T09:51:12Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlos Perdomo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]], aliyekuwa waziri wa usalama wa Taifa nchini Belize. Katika wadhifa huo,Perdomo alikuwa katibu wa baraza la mawaziri na hivyo alimwakilisha Gavana mkuu Colville Young. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet|date=12 February 2008|publisher=CANA News|accessdate=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314193145/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|archivedate=14 March 2008}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] iua0y3km0ahtnh3t95vozyza0qq1y7v 1595733 1595729 2026-09-10T09:58:34Z AlvinDulle 61179 1595733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlos Perdomo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]], aliyekuwa waziri wa usalama wa Taifa nchini Belize. Katika wadhifa huo,Perdomo alikuwa katibu wa baraza la mawaziri hivyo alimwakilisha [[Gavana]] mkuu Colville Young. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|title=New Belize PM names 16-member Cabinet|date=12 February 2008|publisher=CANA News|accessdate=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314193145/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/21414/2008-02-12.html|archivedate=14 March 2008}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 0we9tbz67wpr9ms645sel77yczr9yij 0 249077 1595732 2026-09-10T09:55:08Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carol-Anne Day''' (amezaliwa [[26 Machi]], [[1986]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]].<ref>[http://www.crystalacids.com/database/person/1021/carol-anne-day/ Carol-Anne Day] at the CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database</ref><ref name="MMPU">{{cite web |title=Mega Man: Powered Up (2006 Video Game) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Mega-Man-Powered-Up/ |website=Behind The Voice Actors |access-date=9 July 2021|type= A green chec...' 1595732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carol-Anne Day''' (amezaliwa [[26 Machi]], [[1986]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]].<ref>[http://www.crystalacids.com/database/person/1021/carol-anne-day/ Carol-Anne Day] at the CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database</ref><ref name="MMPU">{{cite web |title=Mega Man: Powered Up (2006 Video Game) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Mega-Man-Powered-Up/ |website=Behind The Voice Actors |access-date=9 July 2021|type= A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information}}</ref> ==Filamu== ===Mfululizo wa Kimagharibi=== *''The Little Prince (2010 TV series)'' - Rosetta (Sayari ya Trainiacs) ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 2ldd9qxh6we4gfzd8hgygrlkmy2ddyz 0 249078 1595735 2026-09-10T10:11:18Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcia Diamond''' ([[23 Novemba]], [[1925]] – [[12 Februari]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa [[Calgary]], Marcia alisoma shuleni [[Vancouver]] na kushiriki katika matangazo ya shule kupitia CBR.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491415404/ Radio Workshop]</ref> Akiwa katika Northwestern University huko [[Illinois]] katika miaka ya 1940,<ref>[https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2001/classnoteshtm...' 1595735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcia Diamond''' ([[23 Novemba]], [[1925]] – [[12 Februari]], [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa [[Calgary]], Marcia alisoma shuleni [[Vancouver]] na kushiriki katika matangazo ya shule kupitia CBR.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491415404/ Radio Workshop]</ref> Akiwa katika Northwestern University huko [[Illinois]] katika miaka ya 1940,<ref>[https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2001/classnoteshtml Northwestern University Archive]</ref> Marcia alisikika katika michezo kadhaa ya kuigiza iliyokuwa sehemu ya vipindi vya Northwestern University Radio Playhouse.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/499821638/ Local Girl Starred On American Radio]</ref> Marcia aliolewa na Harry Irving Cohen na walikuwa na [[watoto]]. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1925|2021}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] m1lwierz5mpdqjpoc1taifuvzz6n2qo 0 249079 1595737 2026-09-10T10:16:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Erica Durance''' (amezaliwa [[21 Juni]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa nafasi zake kama Lois Lane (Smallville) katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa mashujaa ''Smallville'' (2004–2011) na kama Dkt. Alex Reid katika mfululizo wa drama ya matibabu ''Saving Hope'' (2012–2017). Pia ameonekana katika filamu kama ''The Untold'' (2002), ''The Butterfly Effect 2'' (2006), ''Final Verdict'' (2009) na ''Painkillers'' (2015). ==Maish...' 1595737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erica Durance''' (amezaliwa [[21 Juni]], [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa nafasi zake kama Lois Lane (Smallville) katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa mashujaa ''Smallville'' (2004–2011) na kama Dkt. Alex Reid katika mfululizo wa drama ya matibabu ''Saving Hope'' (2012–2017). Pia ameonekana katika filamu kama ''The Untold'' (2002), ''The Butterfly Effect 2'' (2006), ''Final Verdict'' (2009) na ''Painkillers'' (2015). ==Maisha ya awali== Durance alizaliwa [[Calgary]] kwa wazazi Gail na Joel Durance na alikulia katika shamba la ufugaji wa bata mzinga pamoja na kaka na dada yake wakubwa huko Three Hills, [[Alberta]], Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Erica Durance Biography|url=https://www.buddytv.com/actors/erica-durance/|work=Buddy TV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tvline.com/news/erica-durance-charlies-angels-preview-smallville-259533/|title=Erica Durance Previews Her Date With Charlie's Angels (Plus, Smallville Finale Scoop…?)|date=October 13, 2011|first=MATT WEBB|last= MITOVICH|work=TV Line}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/erica-durance-harrys-law-wonder-woman-smallville-1041146/|first=Natalie|last= Abrams|work=TV Guide|date=December 29, 2011|title=First Look: Smallville's Erica Durance Suits Up as Wonder Woman on Harry's Law}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] dqajshzr2p1clr04eftri5bqvxg7hwa 0 249080 1595738 2026-09-10T10:25:07Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ophira Eisenberg''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1972]]) ni [[mchekeshaji]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]]. Anatoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref name="Post Raconteurs">{{cite news|author=Kane, Michael|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/talk_of_the_town_e3RnblPqKHZDZ1fgvUnPkK |title=Talk of the Town: Raconteurs Take Stage in Story Series The Moth|work=New York Post|date= 24 March 2007}}</ref> Amekuwa akiishi katika Jiji la ...' 1595738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ophira Eisenberg''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1972]]) ni [[mchekeshaji]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]]. Anatoka [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref name="Post Raconteurs">{{cite news|author=Kane, Michael|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/talk_of_the_town_e3RnblPqKHZDZ1fgvUnPkK |title=Talk of the Town: Raconteurs Take Stage in Story Series The Moth|work=New York Post|date= 24 March 2007}}</ref> Amekuwa akiishi katika Jiji la [[New York]] tangu mwaka 2001 na alipata uraia wa [[Marekani]] mwezi Aprili 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/16/988024815/check-in-american-citizen-ophira-eisenberg|title = Check-In: American Citizen Ophira Eisenberg|website = NPR.org| date=16 April 2021 }}</ref> Eisenberg alikuwa mtangazaji wa kila wiki wa kipindi cha NPR na WNYC cha maswali ya maarifa, mafumbo na michezo, Ask Me Another (radio),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/people/151311184/ophira-eisenberg |title=Ophira Eisenberg: NPR |website=[[NPR]] |access-date=22 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ak9jqHIgn0g |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ak9jqHIgn0g |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|work=Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson|date=8 February 2013|title=Ending}}{{cbignore}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Wachekeshaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 5mhkxx8mogsjnwq1of0rwg82x0dkx7e 0 249081 1595739 2026-09-10T10:31:00Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cara Gee''' (amezaliwa [[18 Julai]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa filamu, televisheni na jukwaani. Anajulikana kwa nafasi zake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Strange Empire'' na ''The Expanse''. Forbes imemtaja kuwa "miongoni mwa wanawake wa asili maarufu zaidi katika tasnia ya burudani".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Salkowitz, Rob |date=December 31, 2021|title=The Expanse's Cara Gee Adds A Unique Perspective To The Show's Diverse Cast|url=ht...' 1595739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cara Gee''' (amezaliwa [[18 Julai]], [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] wa filamu, televisheni na jukwaani. Anajulikana kwa nafasi zake katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Strange Empire'' na ''The Expanse''. Forbes imemtaja kuwa "miongoni mwa wanawake wa asili maarufu zaidi katika tasnia ya burudani".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Salkowitz, Rob |date=December 31, 2021|title=The Expanse's Cara Gee Adds A Unique Perspective To The Show's Diverse Cast|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robsalkowitz/2021/12/31/the-expanses-cara-gee-adds-a-unique-perspective-to-the-shows-diverse-cast/|website=Forbes|access-date=January 16, 2022}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Cara Gee alizaliwa tarehe 18 Julai 1983, huko [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]], na alilelewa karibu na Bobcaygeon, kabla ya kuhamia [[Newmarket]], [[Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Jeff Spry |date=December 15, 2020 |url=https://www.space.com/the-expanse-season-5-cara-gee-interview |title=Beltalowda! Cara Gee opens up about Drummer's emotional odyssey in 'The Expanse' season 5 |website=[[Space.com]] |access-date=June 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129112736/https://www.space.com/the-expanse-season-5-cara-gee-interview |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Noakes |first=Taylor C. |date=September 12, 2023 |title=Cara Gee |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cara-gee |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] lbzttbpr7ap082r6g07dp591d8k1xic 0 249082 1595740 2026-09-10T10:36:36Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Terra Hazelton''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa jazz, [[mtangazaji]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Akiwa amelelewa [[Calgary]], Hazelton alianza kusomea uigizaji wa tamthilia katika Loose Moose Theatre Company akiwa kijana. Baadaye alihamia [[Toronto]] kutafuta fursa katika uigizaji wa jukwaani, na kugundua kipaji chake cha muziki alipoombwa kuandika wimbo wa kuchekesha kwa ajili ya onyesho la uigizaji wa kubuni papo hapo.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.co...' 1595740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Terra Hazelton''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa jazz, [[mtangazaji]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Akiwa amelelewa [[Calgary]], Hazelton alianza kusomea uigizaji wa tamthilia katika Loose Moose Theatre Company akiwa kijana. Baadaye alihamia [[Toronto]] kutafuta fursa katika uigizaji wa jukwaani, na kugundua kipaji chake cha muziki alipoombwa kuandika wimbo wa kuchekesha kwa ajili ya onyesho la uigizaji wa kubuni papo hapo.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/awards/barneys-version-incendies-lead-genie-nominations/article1891732/ "Barney’s Version, Incendies lead Genie nominations"]. ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', February 2, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://web.me.com/hazeltonterra/terrahazelton.com/HOME.html Terra Hazelton]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6q88bd7ckcgf43beunp43su1ypuuwlp 0 249083 1595741 2026-09-10T10:40:18Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shelley Alice Thompson''' (amezaliwa [[9 Machi]], [[1959]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza mhusika Barbara Lahey katika kipindi maarufu cha mockumentary ''Trailer Park Boys''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucas |first=Ralph |date=2021-05-26 |title=Shelley Thompson |url=https://www.northernstars.ca/thompson_shelley/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=Northernstars.ca |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Volmers |first=Eric |t...' 1595741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shelley Alice Thompson''' (amezaliwa [[9 Machi]], [[1959]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza mhusika Barbara Lahey katika kipindi maarufu cha mockumentary ''Trailer Park Boys''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucas |first=Ralph |date=2021-05-26 |title=Shelley Thompson |url=https://www.northernstars.ca/thompson_shelley/ |access-date=2022-08-22 |website=Northernstars.ca |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Volmers |first=Eric |title=Calgary-born filmmaker's feature debut explores community, family and belonging in rural Nova Scotia |url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/movies/calgary-born-filmmakers-feature-debut-explores-community-family-and-belonging-in-rural-nova-scotia |website=Calgary Herald}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] mp4utyd5on5urskqrzw73p1wvojjude 0 249084 1595742 2026-09-10T10:44:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Lucy_and_Geminianus_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa kifodini cha Wat. Lusia na Jeminiano.]] '''Lusia na Jeminiano''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[304]] hivi) ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] waliouawa [[Roma]] katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari Nero|kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]. Ndiyo sababu tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] (ila hawatajwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwa sababu ya wasiwasi wa kihistoria juu yao <ref name="A...' 1595742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lucy_and_Geminianus_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro mdogo]] wa kifodini cha Wat. Lusia na Jeminiano.]] '''Lusia na Jeminiano''' ([[karne ya 3]] - [[304]] hivi) ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] waliouawa [[Roma]] katika [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaisari Nero|kaisari]] [[Diokletian|Dioklesyano]]. Ndiyo sababu tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] (ila hawatajwi tena na [[Martyrologium Romanum]] kwa sababu ya wasiwasi wa kihistoria juu yao <ref name="Agnes Baillie Cunninghame Dunbar 1904">Agnes Baillie Cunninghame Dunbar, ''A Dictionary of Saintly Women'' (Bell, 1904), 469.</ref> ) na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[Mtakatifu|watakatifu]] [[Mfiadini|wafiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[16 Septemba]] au [[17 Septemba]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *{{it}} [http://www.carasantalucia.it/altre/altre.htm le altre Lucie sante: Lucia e Geminiano] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|karne ya 3|304}} [[Jamii:wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:watakatifu wa Italia]] 7t80hfxrpev0tulpm6cz1c44w6boe4f 0 249085 1595744 2026-09-10T10:52:25Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arturo Roches''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Belize]] aliyewakilisha jimbo la Dangriga tangu mwaka 2008 hadi 2012. Akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Umoja wa Demokrasia, alikuwa Waziri wa Nchi wa Afya huko Belize.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBNTEAM |date=2025-08-13 |title=UDP Parliamentary Caucus mourns the loss of Arthur “Turo” Roches |url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2025/08/13/udp-parliamentary-caucus-mourns-the-loss-of-arthur-turo-roches/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Belize News and Opinion on www.breakingbelizenews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] qfnqgbbck8r9bvs9vyd1cy9sicg3db3 0 249086 1595745 2026-09-10T10:54:18Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Quentin Augustus Pitts''', akijulikana kwa vifupisho vya jina lake kama B. Q. Pitts, ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize na mwanachama wa chama cha Demokrasia ya Muungano cha Belize.<ref name="Amandala20100604">{{cite news|url=http://www.amandala.com.bz/index.php?id=9914|first=Aaron|last=Humes|title=PM Barrow announces Cabinet reshuffle|date=2010-06-04|accessdate=2012-04-22}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] pe6c8s9mxddrf8q2uajo75rp8tipozc 0 249087 1595746 2026-09-10T10:55:05Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Theresa Tova''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na [mwandishi]] wa tamthilia wa [[Kanada]].<ref name=cte>[http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Tova%2C%20Theresa "Tova, Theresa"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', 2009.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa tamthilia yake ''Still the Night'', ambayo ilishinda tuzo kadhaa za Dora Mavor Moore Awards mwaka 1997 na iliorodheshwa kama mshindi wa mwisho katika orodha fupi ya tuzo ya Gov...' 1595746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theresa Tova''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1955]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na [mwandishi]] wa tamthilia wa [[Kanada]].<ref name=cte>[http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Tova%2C%20Theresa "Tova, Theresa"]. ''Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia'', 2009.</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa tamthilia yake ''Still the Night'', ambayo ilishinda tuzo kadhaa za Dora Mavor Moore Awards mwaka 1997 na iliorodheshwa kama mshindi wa mwisho katika orodha fupi ya tuzo ya Governor General's Award for English-language drama katika 1999 Governor General's Awards.<ref>"Governor-General's award nominees". ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'', October 20, 1999.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Akiwa binti wa manusura wa Kiyahudi wa Kipolandi wa [[Holocaust]], Tova alizaliwa [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]], na alilelewa [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref name="ReferenceA">"History haunts the present in new Holocaust drama". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', October 31, 1996.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaffe-Gill |first=Ellen |date=2005-12-15 |title=Tova's Songs Good for Yiddish's Image |url=https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/12376/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Jewish Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 5l1zglffbfgigwtuatkxgzyc9l21z6w 0 249088 1595747 2026-09-10T10:56:31Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicholas Anthony Ignatius Pollard Sr.''' ([[22 Machi]] [[1924]] – [[21 Januari]] [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na kiongozi wa vyama vya wafanyakazi wa Belize.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 22, 2003|title=Nicholas Pollard: dead at 79|url=https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/15803|access-date=2021-08-27|website=[[Great Belize Television]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1924]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2004]] 02njkd8daa0gt9pr9w3wwljbxrbmn0p 0 249089 1595748 2026-09-10T10:59:05Z AlvinDulle 61179 nimetafsiri makala hii 1595748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leigh Richardson''' ([[26 Aprili]] [[1924]] – [[27 Oktoba]] [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Belize aliyezaliwa nchini Honduras. Richardson alihudumu kama kiongozi wa chama cha Muungano wa Wananchi mnamo miaka ya 1950, na pia kama meya wa Mji wa Belize. <ref name="7news">[http://7newsbelize.com/sstory.php?nid=12507 "Leigh Richardson, Dead at 84"], [[Tropical Vision Limited]], October 28, 2008. (accessed 28 October 2014)</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1924]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Belize]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2008]] m7obkgv26p0uxtkep2577so31454996 0 249090 1595753 2026-09-10T11:05:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Riley Emilia Voelkel''' (amezaliwa [[26 Aprili]], [[1990]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Freya Mikaelson katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa The CW ''The Originals'' na ''Legacies''. ==Maisha ya awali== Voelkel alizaliwa Elk Grove, [[California]] lakini alilelewa [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Frank Scheck |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/secret-lives-dorks-fil...' 1595753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Riley Emilia Voelkel''' (amezaliwa [[26 Aprili]], [[1990]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kuigiza nafasi ya Freya Mikaelson katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa The CW ''The Originals'' na ''Legacies''. ==Maisha ya awali== Voelkel alizaliwa Elk Grove, [[California]] lakini alilelewa [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Frank Scheck |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/secret-lives-dorks-film-review-636472 |title=The Secret Lives of Dorks: Film Review |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 25, 2013 |access-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Scott Foundas |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/film-review-the-secret-lives-of-dorks-1200691525/ |title=Film Review: 'The Secret Lives of Dorks' |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=June 1, 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] lfu16wr38c1kvw567lnll6lysdbqw3w 0 249091 1595754 2026-09-10T11:13:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jessalyn Wanlim''' (amezaliwa [[3 Septemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]]. Aliigiza Evie Cho katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa hadithi za kisayansi ''Orphan Black'', pamoja na Jenny Matthews katika sitcom ''Workin' Moms''. Alikuwa na nafasi ya mara kwa mara katika ''Scoundrels'' kama Patty Hong katika vipindi vitano.<ref name=IMDb>IMDb (2008) [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1801838/ ''Jessalyn Wanlim Actres...' 1595754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jessalyn Wanlim''' (amezaliwa [[3 Septemba]], [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]]. Aliigiza Evie Cho katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa hadithi za kisayansi ''Orphan Black'', pamoja na Jenny Matthews katika sitcom ''Workin' Moms''. Alikuwa na nafasi ya mara kwa mara katika ''Scoundrels'' kama Patty Hong katika vipindi vitano.<ref name=IMDb>IMDb (2008) [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1801838/ ''Jessalyn Wanlim Actress Profile '']</ref> ==Maisha na kazi== Wanlim alizaliwa na kukulia [[Calgary, Alberta]], Kanada. Kwa sasa anaishi [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://soaps.sheknows.com/all-my-children/news/1067/the-familiar-faces-of-all-my-children | title=The familiar faces of All My Children &#124; The familiar faces of All My Children News &#124; Soaps.com | date=3 October 2007 |access-date=14 July 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 05haxfnmne1mqxmtfqiqkkim8ox8yai 0 249092 1595758 2026-09-10T11:24:06Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Siobhan Williams''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Take two: Calgary-raised actress Siobhan Williams pivots to music with debut single, video |url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/take-two-calgary-raised-actress-siobhan-williams-pivots-to-music-with-debut-single-video |work=Calgary Herald}}</ref> ==Kazi== Nafasi ya kwanza ya Williams ilikuwa kama mhusika wa mara kwa mara Jamie Lewis katik...' 1595758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siobhan Williams''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Take two: Calgary-raised actress Siobhan Williams pivots to music with debut single, video |url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/take-two-calgary-raised-actress-siobhan-williams-pivots-to-music-with-debut-single-video |work=Calgary Herald}}</ref> ==Kazi== Nafasi ya kwanza ya Williams ilikuwa kama mhusika wa mara kwa mara Jamie Lewis katika ''Heartland (Canadian TV series)''. Katika filamu ya 20th Century Studios ''Flicka: Country Pride'', ambayo ilimwezesha kuteuliwa kwa Young Artist Award (Uigizaji Bora wa Mwigizaji Kijana wa Kike, 2013).<ref name=34thyoungartistawards>{{cite web|url=http://www.youngartistawards.org/noms34.html|title=34th Annual Young Artist Awards – Nominations / Special Awards|work=youngartistawards.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/abc-adds-canadian-drama-motive-416847|title=ABC Adds Canadian Drama 'Motive' to Summer Schedule|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6z7q18e4pxxc36hby0ozuqidg2wbcc8 0 249093 1595759 2026-09-10T11:30:01Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Mae Wills''' (amezaliwa '''Anna Mae Routledge'''; [[31 Machi]], [[1982]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Never had a birthday quite like this before. If this is 40, I'm here for it. |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CbyC935jqDU/ |website=instagram.com}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Celeste katika ''16 Wishes''.<ref name="Superman Homepage">{{cite web|last=Freiman|first=Barry|authorlink=Barry Freiman|...' 1595759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Mae Wills''' (amezaliwa '''Anna Mae Routledge'''; [[31 Machi]], [[1982]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Never had a birthday quite like this before. If this is 40, I'm here for it. |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CbyC935jqDU/ |website=instagram.com}}</ref> ni [[mwigizaji]] wa zamani wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake kama Celeste katika ''16 Wishes''.<ref name="Superman Homepage">{{cite web|last=Freiman|first=Barry|authorlink=Barry Freiman|title=Superman on TV|url=http://www.supermanhomepage.com/news.php?readmore=8376|publisher=Supermanhomepage.com|accessdate=August 25, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100903234457/http://www.supermanhomepage.com/news.php?readmore=8376| archivedate= September 3, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Wills alizaliwa [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]]. Alihitimu kutoka University of Windsor mwaka 2004 akiwa na shahada ya Bachelor of Fine Arts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Two movies of mine are premiering on TV on July 16th! Watch 16 Wishes on the Family Channel!!! 2012 comes out on the Movie Network. |url=https://twitter.com/OfficialAnnaMae/status/17683276708?cxt=HHwWyI6L4IMBAAAA |website=twitter.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7kxr3ws7us058wny1x6e1uirvk1fozu 0 249094 1595760 2026-09-10T11:38:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lupersi wa Eauze''' (pia: '''Luperculus, Lupercus, Lupercius, Luperc, Loubert, Lupercio'''; alifariki [[250]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]<ref name=autogenerated1>Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'' (J. Hodges, 1874), 410.</ref>. Anasemekana alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa [[Eauze]]<ref>[http://www.societes-savantes-toulouse.asso.fr/samf...' 1595760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lupersi wa Eauze''' (pia: '''Luperculus, Lupercus, Lupercius, Luperc, Loubert, Lupercio'''; alifariki [[250]] hivi) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yake wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[Kaizari|kaisari]] [[Kaizari Decius|Decius]]<ref name=autogenerated1>Sabine Baring-Gould, ''The Lives of the Saints'' (J. Hodges, 1874), 410.</ref>. Anasemekana alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa [[Eauze]]<ref>[http://www.societes-savantes-toulouse.asso.fr/samf/memoires/t_60/bul20001.htm Bulletin 1999-2000 1ère partie<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323035208/http://www.societes-savantes-toulouse.asso.fr/samf/memoires/t_60/bul20001.htm |date=2008-03-23 }}</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.zeno.org/Heiligenlexikon-1858/A/Luperculus,+S. Luperculus, S. - Zeno.org<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], na ndiyo sababu [[kanisa kuu]] la [[mji]] huo limejengwa kwa [[heshima]] yake<ref>[https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/eauze-cathedral-fire-accident-or-act-of-satanism/11268 "Eauze cathedral fire", ''La Croix International'', November 15th, 2019]</ref> . Baadhi wanamchanganya ni [[Lupersi wa Zaragoza]] aliyeuawa [[Hispania]] [[mwaka]] [[304]] hivi <ref name=autogenerated1 />, lakini wengine wanawatofautisha <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zeno.org/Heiligenlexikon-1858/A/Luperculus,+S|title = Lexikoneintrag zu "Luperculus, S.". Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 3. Augsburg}}</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4356 St. Lupercus - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Machi]], [[5 Machi]] au [[28 Juni]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 250]] [[Jamii:maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] fvqz9mll8wgsy78zxqk18hmw91cwf8r 0 249095 1595762 2026-09-10T11:56:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Susan Wright''' alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake za jukwaani, na pia alikuwa na nafasi kadhaa za kusaidia katika filamu na televisheni. Alikulia [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], na alihudhuria University of Saskatchewan, ambako alitumbuiza katika Greystone Theatre.<ref>"CentreStage play tops Dora Award nominees". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', May 11, 1988. Page C1.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {...' 1595762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Wright''' alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake za jukwaani, na pia alikuwa na nafasi kadhaa za kusaidia katika filamu na televisheni. Alikulia [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], na alihudhuria University of Saskatchewan, ambako alitumbuiza katika Greystone Theatre.<ref>"CentreStage play tops Dora Award nominees". ''[[Toronto Star]]'', May 11, 1988. Page C1.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1947|1991}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] kyo8owcm48o65mvahcstswbr5qqvirr